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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Magic%22+software">"Magic" software</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Magic%22+software+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Magic%22+software&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Magic%22+software+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Magic%22+software">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Magic%22+software&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historical VLSI IC layout editor</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the VLSI tool. For the rapid application development tool, see <a href="/wiki/Magic_Software_Enterprises" title="Magic Software Enterprises">Magic Software Enterprises</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Magic</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Ousterhout" title="John Ousterhout">John K. Ousterhout</a>, Gordon T. Hamachi, Robert N. Mayo, Walter S. Scott, George S. Taylor</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Magic Development Team</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">April 1983<span class="noprint">; 41 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1983-04</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">8.3.479 / May 8, 2024<span class="noprint">; 6 months ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2024-05-08</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://github.com/RTimothyEdwards/magic">https://github.com/RTimothyEdwards/magic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Available in</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_design_automation" title="Electronic design automation">Electronic design automation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/BSD_license" class="mw-redirect" title="BSD license">BSD license</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opencircuitdesign.com/magic/">opencircuitdesign<wbr />.com<wbr />/magic<wbr />/</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inverter_Layout_-_Magic.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Inverter_Layout_-_Magic.png/300px-Inverter_Layout_-_Magic.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="429" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Inverter_Layout_-_Magic.png/450px-Inverter_Layout_-_Magic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Inverter_Layout_-_Magic.png/600px-Inverter_Layout_-_Magic.png 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="951" /></a><figcaption>VLSI layout of an inverter circuit using Magic software</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Magic</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Electronic_design_automation" title="Electronic design automation">electronic design automation</a> (EDA) layout tool for <a href="/wiki/Very-large-scale_integration" title="Very-large-scale integration">very-large-scale integration</a> (VLSI) <a href="/wiki/Integrated_circuit" title="Integrated circuit">integrated circuit</a> (IC) originally written by <a href="/wiki/John_Ousterhout" title="John Ousterhout">John Ousterhout</a> and his graduate students at <a href="/wiki/UC_Berkeley" class="mw-redirect" title="UC Berkeley">UC Berkeley</a>. Work began on the project in February 1983. A primitive version was operational by April 1983,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when Joan Pendleton, Shing Kong and other graduate student chip designers suffered through many fast revisions devised to meet their needs in designing the SOAR CPU chip, a follow-on to <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_RISC" title="Berkeley RISC">Berkeley RISC</a>. </p><p>Fearing that Ousterhout was going to propose another name that started with "C" to match his previous projects <i>Cm*</i>, <i>Caesar</i>, and <i>Crystal</i>, Gordon Hamachi proposed the name <i>Magic</i> because he liked the idea of being able to say that people used magic to design chips. The rest of the development team enthusiastically agreed to this proposal after he devised the <a href="/wiki/Backronym" title="Backronym">backronym</a> <b>M</b>anhattan <b>A</b>rtwork <b>G</b>enerator for <b>I</b>ntegrated <b>C</b>ircuits. The Magic software developers called themselves magicians, while the chip designers were Magic users. </p><p>As <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source software</a>, subject to the requirements of the <a href="/wiki/BSD_license" class="mw-redirect" title="BSD license">BSD license</a>, Magic continues to be popular because it is easy to use and easy to expand for specialized tasks. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Differences">Differences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magic_(software)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Differences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main difference between Magic and other VLSI design tools is its use of "corner-stitched" geometry, in which all layout is represented as a stack of planes, and each plane consists entirely of "tiles" (rectangles). The tiles must cover the entire plane. Each tile consists of an (X, Y) coordinate of its lower left-hand corner, and links to four tiles: the right-most neighbor on the top, the top-most neighbor on the right, the bottom-most neighbor on the left, and the left-most neighbor on the bottom. With the addition of the type of material represented by the tile, the layout geometry in the plane is exactly specified. The corner-stitched geometry representation leads to the concept of layout as "paint" to be applied to, or erased from, a canvas. This is considerably different from other tools that use the concept of layout as "objects" to be placed and manipulated separately from one another. Each concept has its own strengths and weaknesses in terms of both practical use and speed of computation. The corner-stitched representation is particularly well suited to searches within a single plane, for which it excels in speed. It is not particularly well suited to extremely large databases: The need to maintain four pointers for each tile, as well as the need to store tiles representing the space between areas of material on a layout, makes it more memory-intensive than object-based representations. </p><p>An extension to the corner-stitched geometry representation called the "split tile" method, added in version 7.1, allows true representation of non-<a href="/wiki/Manhattan_distance" class="mw-redirect" title="Manhattan distance">Manhattan</a> geometry. This method allows each tile in the database to specify two material types, in which case the tile is regarded as being bisected by a diagonal line from corner to corner, with one material type on one side of the diagonal and the other material type on the other side of the diagonal. An additional flag specifies whether the diagonal runs from the top left corner to the bottom right, or the top right corner to the bottom left. The split-tile method has the advantage that nearly all rules that apply to corner-stitched geometry apply, unaltered, to split tiles. A further advantage is that all non-Manhattan geometry must have corners lying on the database internal grid. This makes it impossible to generate geometry that is off-grid within a single plane, a rule error for most fabrication processes that is a common problem with object-based representations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design_rule_checking">Design rule checking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magic_(software)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Design rule checking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Magic features real-time <a href="/wiki/Design_rule_checking" title="Design rule checking">design rule checking</a>, something that some costly commercial VLSI design software packages don't feature. Magic implements this by counting distance using <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_distance" class="mw-redirect" title="Manhattan distance">Manhattan distance</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Euclidean_distance" title="Euclidean distance">Euclidean distance</a>, which is much faster to compute. Magic versions from 7.3 properly compute Euclidean distance when given the <code>drc euclidean on</code> command. Euclidean distance checks are a trivial extension of the Manhattan distance checks, and require very little overhead. On a straight-line edge, the Manhattan and Euclidean distances are the same. Only on corners do the two distances diverge. When checking corners, it is only necessary to keep track of the direction of search from the corner point. Any geometry found inside the square representing the Manhattan distance from the corner undergoes an additional check to see if the same geometry lies outside the quarter-circle radius representing the Euclidean distance. Since this additional check is applied only to geometry found in violation of the Manhattan distance rule, it is not invoked often, so the computational overhead is very small. </p><p>Magic currently runs under <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, although versions exist for <a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/OS/2" title="OS/2">OS/2</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Operating_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Operating systems">operating systems</a>. Magic is frequently used in conjunction with <a href="/w/index.php?title=IRSIM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IRSIM (page does not exist)">IRSIM</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and other <a href="/wiki/Electronic_circuit_simulation" title="Electronic circuit simulation">simulation programs</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internals">Internals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magic_(software)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Internals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It uses <a href="/wiki/Tcl/Tk" class="mw-redirect" title="Tcl/Tk">Tcl/Tk</a> under the hood.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="File_formats">File formats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magic_(software)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: File formats"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Importing_and_exporting">Importing and exporting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magic_(software)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Importing and exporting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Magic supports <a href="/wiki/Caltech_Intermediate_Form" title="Caltech Intermediate Form">CIF</a>/<a href="/wiki/Calma" title="Calma">Calma</a> <a href="/wiki/GDSII" title="GDSII">GDS</a> files.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magic_(software)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XCircuit" title="XCircuit">XCircuit</a></li> <li>Netgen</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magic_(software)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://opencircuitdesign.com/magic/archive/papers/copyright.pdf">http://opencircuitdesign.com/magic/archive/papers/copyright.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/1983/CSD-83-154.pdf">A Collection of Papers on Magic</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opencircuitdesign.com/irsim/">IRSIM switch-level simulator</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opencircuitdesign.com/magic/develop.html">"Magic Development"</a>. <i>opencircuitdesign.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-04-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=opencircuitdesign.com&rft.atitle=Magic+Development&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopencircuitdesign.com%2Fmagic%2Fdevelop.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagic+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOusterhoutHamachiMayoScott1983" class="citation journal cs1">Ousterhout, John K.; Hamachi, Gordon T.; Mayo, Robert N.; Scott, Walter S.; Taylor, George S. (December 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/1983/5295.html">"A Collection of Papers on Magic"</a>. <i>EECS Department University of California Berkeley Technical Report No. UCB/CSD-83-154</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EECS+Department+University+of+California+Berkeley+Technical+Report+No.+UCB%2FCSD-83-154&rft.atitle=A+Collection+of+Papers+on+Magic&rft.date=1983-12&rft.aulast=Ousterhout&rft.aufirst=John+K.&rft.au=Hamachi%2C+Gordon+T.&rft.au=Mayo%2C+Robert+N.&rft.au=Scott%2C+Walter+S.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+George+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.eecs.berkeley.edu%2FPubs%2FTechRpts%2F1983%2F5295.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagic+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOusterhout1984" class="citation journal cs1">Ousterhout, John K. (January 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://techreports.lib.berkeley.edu/accessPages/CSD-83-114.html">"Corner Stitching: A Data-Structuring Technique for VLSI Layout Tools"</a>. <i>IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design</i>. <b>3</b> (1): 87–100. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FTCAD.1984.1270061">10.1109/TCAD.1984.1270061</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25136284">25136284</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Transactions+on+Computer-Aided+Design&rft.atitle=Corner+Stitching%3A+A+Data-Structuring+Technique+for+VLSI+Layout+Tools&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=87-100&rft.date=1984-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FTCAD.1984.1270061&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A25136284%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ousterhout&rft.aufirst=John+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftechreports.lib.berkeley.edu%2FaccessPages%2FCSD-83-114.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagic+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOusterhoutHamachiMayoScott1984" class="citation book cs1">Ousterhout, John K.; Hamachi, Gordon T.; Mayo, Robert N.; Scott, Walter S.; Taylor, George S. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=800790">"Magic: A VLSI Layout System"</a>. <i>21st Design Automation Conference Proceedings</i>. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press. pp. 152–159. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FDAC.1984.1585789">10.1109/DAC.1984.1585789</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8186-0542-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8186-0542-1"><bdi>0-8186-0542-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6833511">6833511</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Magic%3A+A+VLSI+Layout+System&rft.btitle=21st+Design+Automation+Conference+Proceedings&rft.place=Piscataway%2C+NJ&rft.pages=152-159&rft.pub=IEEE+Press&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A6833511%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FDAC.1984.1585789&rft.isbn=0-8186-0542-1&rft.aulast=Ousterhout&rft.aufirst=John+K.&rft.au=Hamachi%2C+Gordon+T.&rft.au=Mayo%2C+Robert+N.&rft.au=Scott%2C+Walter+S.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+George+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdl.acm.org%2Fcitation.cfm%3Fid%3D800790&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagic+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylorOusterhout1984" class="citation book cs1">Taylor, George S.; Ousterhout, John K. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=800791">"Magic's Incremental Design-Rule Checker"</a>. <i>21st Design Automation Conference Proceedings</i>. pp. 160–165. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FDAC.1984.1585790">10.1109/DAC.1984.1585790</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8186-0542-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8186-0542-1"><bdi>0-8186-0542-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13191340">13191340</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Magic%27s+Incremental+Design-Rule+Checker&rft.btitle=21st+Design+Automation+Conference+Proceedings&rft.pages=160-165&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A13191340%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FDAC.1984.1585790&rft.isbn=0-8186-0542-1&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=George+S.&rft.au=Ousterhout%2C+John+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdl.acm.org%2Fcitation.cfm%3Fid%3D800791&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagic+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScottOusterhout1984" class="citation book cs1">Scott, W.S.; Ousterhout, John K. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/4218441">"Plowing: Interactive Stretching and Compaction in Magic"</a>. <i>21st Design Automation Conference Proceedings</i>. pp. 166–172. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FDAC.1984.1585791">10.1109/DAC.1984.1585791</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8186-0542-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8186-0542-1"><bdi>0-8186-0542-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6004870">6004870</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Plowing%3A+Interactive+Stretching+and+Compaction+in+Magic&rft.btitle=21st+Design+Automation+Conference+Proceedings&rft.pages=166-172&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A6004870%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FDAC.1984.1585791&rft.isbn=0-8186-0542-1&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=W.S.&rft.au=Ousterhout%2C+John+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F4218441&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagic+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamachiOusterhout1984" class="citation book cs1">Hamachi, Gordon T.; Ousterhout, John K. (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=800033.800793">"A Switchbox Router with Obstacle Avoidance"</a>. <i>21st Design Automation Conference Proceedings</i>. pp. 173–179. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FDAC.1984.1585792">10.1109/DAC.1984.1585792</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8186-0542-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8186-0542-1"><bdi>0-8186-0542-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12525813">12525813</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Switchbox+Router+with+Obstacle+Avoidance&rft.btitle=21st+Design+Automation+Conference+Proceedings&rft.pages=173-179&rft.date=1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A12525813%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FDAC.1984.1585792&rft.isbn=0-8186-0542-1&rft.aulast=Hamachi&rft.aufirst=Gordon+T.&rft.au=Ousterhout%2C+John+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdl.acm.org%2Fcitation.cfm%3Fid%3D800033.800793&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagic+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScottOusterhout1985" class="citation journal cs1">Scott, Walter S.; Ousterhout, John K. (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221061372">"Magic's Circuit Extractor"</a>. <i>IEEE Design & Test of Computers</i>. <b>3</b> (22nd): 286–292. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1109%2FMDT.1986.294914">10.1109/MDT.1986.294914</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IEEE+Design+%26+Test+of+Computers&rft.atitle=Magic%27s+Circuit+Extractor&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=22nd&rft.pages=286-292&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1109%2FMDT.1986.294914&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Walter+S.&rft.au=Ousterhout%2C+John+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F221061372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMagic+%28software%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Magic_(software)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/28px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/42px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg/56px-Free_and_open-source_software_logo_%282009%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Free_and_open-source_software" title="Portal:Free and open-source software">Free and open-source software portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opencircuitdesign.com/magic/">Magic VLSI Layout Tool</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu/Classes/IcBook/magic/index.html">Magic</a>, Man Pages & Tutorial</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://embedded.eecs.berkeley.edu/pubs/downloads/magic/">Magic</a>, Old version</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opencircuitdesign.com/irsim/">IRSIM</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://students.ceid.upatras.gr/~gef/projects/vlsi/ask4/fa16.mag.gif">VLSI Layout of 16 bit Full Adder using Magic software</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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title="KTechLab">kTechLab</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ngspice" title="Ngspice">ngspice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregano_(software)" title="Oregano (software)">Oregano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quite_Universal_Circuit_Simulator" title="Quite Universal Circuit Simulator">QUCS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XCircuit" title="XCircuit">XCircuit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_systems_drawing" title="Mechanical systems drawing">Mechanical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ABViewer" title="ABViewer">ABViewer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alibre_Design" title="Alibre Design">Alibre Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArchiCAD" class="mw-redirect" title="ArchiCAD">ArchiCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoCAD" title="AutoCAD">AutoCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autodesk_Alias" title="Autodesk Alias">Autodesk Alias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autodesk_Inventor" title="Autodesk Inventor">Autodesk Inventor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autodesk_Revit" title="Autodesk Revit">Autodesk Revit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoTURN" title="AutoTURN">AutoTURN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BricsCAD" title="BricsCAD">BricsCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CADKEY" title="CADKEY">CADKEY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CATIA" title="CATIA">CATIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimatron" title="Cimatron">Cimatron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobalt_(CAD_program)" title="Cobalt (CAD program)">Cobalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTC_Creo_Elements/Direct_Drafting" title="PTC Creo Elements/Direct Drafting">Creo Elements/Direct Drafting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PTC_Creo_Elements/Pro" class="mw-redirect" title="PTC Creo Elements/Pro">Creo Elements/Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DesignSpark_Mechanical" title="DesignSpark Mechanical">DesignSpark Mechanical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EasyCAD" class="mw-redirect" title="EasyCAD">EasyCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FastCAD" title="FastCAD">FastCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FINE_MEP" title="FINE MEP">FINE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FORAN_System" title="FORAN System">FORAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion_360" title="Fusion 360">Fusion 360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GstarCAD" title="GstarCAD">GstarCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRONCAD" title="IRONCAD">IRONCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KeyCreator" title="KeyCreator">KeyCreator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MEDUSA" title="MEDUSA">MEDUSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroStation" title="MicroStation">MicroStation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siemens_NX" title="Siemens NX">NX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onshape" title="Onshape">Onshape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDMS_(software)" title="PDMS (software)">PDMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro/DESKTOP" title="Pro/DESKTOP">Pro/DESKTOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros_3D" title="Rhinoceros 3D">Rhinoceros 3D</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grasshopper_3D" title="Grasshopper 3D">Grasshopper 3D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RattleCAD#Source_closing" title="RattleCAD">rattleCAD 4.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RUCAPS" title="RUCAPS">RUCAPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_Edge" title="Solid Edge">Solid Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SolidWorks" title="SolidWorks">SolidWorks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpaceClaim" title="SpaceClaim">SpaceClaim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-FLEX_CAD" title="T-FLEX CAD">T-FLEX CAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinkercad" title="Tinkercad">Tinkercad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TurboCAD" title="TurboCAD">TurboCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VariCAD" title="VariCAD">VariCAD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_design_automation" title="Electronic design automation">Electrical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allegro_(CAD_software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegro (CAD software)">Allegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altium_Designer" title="Altium Designer">Altium Designer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoCAD_Electrical" class="mw-redirect" title="AutoCAD Electrical">AutoCAD Electrical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autotrax" title="Autotrax">Autotrax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BoardStation" class="mw-redirect" title="BoardStation">BoardStation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CADSTAR" title="CADSTAR">CADSTAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CircuitMaker" title="CircuitMaker">CircuitMaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CR-2000" class="mw-redirect" title="CR-2000">CR-2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CR-3000" class="mw-redirect" title="CR-3000">CR-3000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CR-5000" title="CR-5000">CR-5000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CR-8000" title="CR-8000">CR-8000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Delta Design">Delta Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DesignSpark_PCB" title="DesignSpark PCB">DesignSpark PCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DipTrace" title="DipTrace">DipTrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EAGLE_(program)" title="EAGLE (program)">EAGLE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EasyEDA" title="EasyEDA">EasyEDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easytrax" class="mw-redirect" title="Easytrax">Easytrax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeStyle_(CAD_software)" class="mw-redirect" title="FreeStyle (CAD software)">FreeStyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IntegraStation" class="mw-redirect" title="IntegraStation">IntegraStation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LTspice" title="LTspice">LTspice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro-Cap" title="Micro-Cap">Micro-Cap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NI_Multisim" title="NI Multisim">Multisim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OrCAD" title="OrCAD">OrCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PADS_(CAD_software)" class="mw-redirect" title="PADS (CAD software)">PADS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-CAD" title="P-CAD">P-CAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCB_(software)" title="PCB (software)">PCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protel_(CAD_software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Protel (CAD software)">Protel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteus_Design_Suite" title="Proteus Design Suite">Proteus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulsonix" title="Pulsonix">Pulsonix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SolidWorks" title="SolidWorks">SolidWorks Electrical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TangoPCB" class="mw-redirect" title="TangoPCB">Tango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TARGET_(CAD_software)" title="TARGET (CAD software)">TARGET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TopoR" title="TopoR">TopoR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NI_Ultiboard" title="NI Ultiboard">Ultiboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upverter" title="Upverter">Upverter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xpedition_(CAD_software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Xpedition (CAD software)">Xpedition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/File_format" title="File format">File formats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_Manufacturing_Format" title="3D Manufacturing Format">3MF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ACIS#File_format" title="ACIS">ACIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Additive_manufacturing_file_format" title="Additive manufacturing file format">AMF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C3D_Toolkit" title="C3D Toolkit">C3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KeyCreator" title="KeyCreator">CKD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specctra" title="Specctra">DSN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Design_Web_Format" title="Design Web Format">DWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Packaging_Conventions" title="Open Packaging Conventions">DWFX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/.dwg" title=".dwg">DWG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AutoCAD_DXF" title="AutoCAD DXF">DXF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IGES" title="IGES">IGES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavefront_.obj_file" title="Wavefront .obj file">OBJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Design_Alliance" title="Open Design Alliance">OpenDWG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PLY_(file_format)" title="PLY (file format)">PLY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PSpice_circuit_file" class="mw-redirect" title="PSpice circuit file">PSpice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specctra" title="Specctra">SES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303" title="ISO 10303">STEP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STL_(file_format)" title="STL (file format)">STL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geometric_modeling_kernel" title="Geometric modeling kernel">Modeling<br />kernels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACIS" title="ACIS">ACIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C3D_Toolkit" title="C3D Toolkit">C3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Cascade_Technology" title="Open Cascade Technology">Open Cascade Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasolid" title="Parasolid">Parasolid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Geometric_Kernel" title="Russian Geometric Kernel">RGK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romulus_(modelling_kernel)" title="Romulus (modelling kernel)">Romulus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KernelCAD" class="mw-redirect" title="KernelCAD">KernelCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ShapeManager" title="ShapeManager">ShapeManager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teigha" class="mw-redirect" title="Teigha">Teigha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IntelliCAD" title="IntelliCAD">IntelliCAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_Modeling_Solutions" title="Solid Modeling Solutions">SMLib</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DAC-1" title="DAC-1">DAC-1</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sketchpad" title="Sketchpad">Sketchpad</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UNISURF" title="UNISURF">UNISURF</a> (1968)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_computer-aided_design_software" title="Comparison of computer-aided design software">Comparison</a> – <a href="/wiki/History_of_CAD_software" title="History of CAD software">History</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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