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window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":933563,"created_at":"2011-09-20T02:15:35.793-07:00","from_world_paper_id":16774604,"updated_at":"2024-11-11T19:20:59.197-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"National Acad Sciences","grobid_abstract":"It often has been assumed that, for infinite random mating populations in a constant environment, natural selection will favor genotypes at a neutral modifier locus that minimize the mutation rate. Mathematical modeling of this process confirms this assertion, independent of the selection regime. The same model under conditions of complete selfing can produce, under certain nondegenerate overdominance conditions, an optimum mutation rate below which increased mutation is favored and above which decreased mutation is favored. This occurs with unidirectional mutation models and a class of reversible mutation models with fitness overdominance. This is the first time that such a modifier optimum has been produced analytically for an infinite population in a constant environment.","publication_date":"1983,1,1","publication_name":"Proceedings of the National …","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"5691440"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":1,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Modifiers of mutation rate: Evolutionary optimum with complete selfing","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [6374]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div 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PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Modifiers of mutation rate: Evolutionary optimum with complete selfing</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6374" href="https://uconn.academia.edu/KentHolsinger"><img alt="Profile image of Kent Holsinger" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/6374/2466/2474/s65_kent.holsinger.jpg" />Kent Holsinger</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">1983, Proceedings of the National …</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" 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data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="2808854" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2808854/Selection_for_increased_mutation_rates_with_fertility_differences_between_matings">Selection for increased mutation rates with fertility differences between matings</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6374" href="https://uconn.academia.edu/KentHolsinger">Kent Holsinger</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1986</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">ABSTRACT Previous studies of mutation modification have considered models in which selection is a result of viability differences that are sex symmetric. The results of a numerical study of a model in which selection is a result of fertility differences between mated pairs demonstrate that the type of selection to which a population is subject can have a significant impact on the evolution of various parameters of the genetic system.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Selection for increased mutation rates with fertility differences between matings","attachmentId":30763232,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2808854/Selection_for_increased_mutation_rates_with_fertility_differences_between_matings","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2808854/Selection_for_increased_mutation_rates_with_fertility_differences_between_matings"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="94012927" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/94012927/The_Evolution_of_Mutation_Rate_in_Finite_Asexual_Populations">The Evolution of Mutation Rate in Finite Asexual Populations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="251526311" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JeanBaptisteAndr%C3%A92">Jean-Baptiste André</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Genetics, 2005</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In this article, we model analytically the evolution of mutation rate in asexual organisms. Three selective forces are present. First, everything else being equal, individuals with higher mutation rate have a larger fitness, thanks to the energy and time saved by not replicating DNA accurately. Second, as a flip side, the genome of these individuals is replicated with errors that may negatively affect fitness. Third, and conversely, replication errors have a potential benefit if beneficial mutations are to be generated. Our model describes the fate of modifiers of mutation rate under the three forces and allows us to predict the long-term evolutionary trajectory of mutation rate. We obtain three major results. First, in asexuals, the needs for both adaptation and genome preservation are not evolutionary forces that can stabilize mutation rate at an intermediate optimum. When adaptation has a significant role, it primarily destabilizes mutation rate and yields the emergence of strong...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Evolution of Mutation Rate in Finite Asexual Populations","attachmentId":96590680,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/94012927/The_Evolution_of_Mutation_Rate_in_Finite_Asexual_Populations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/94012927/The_Evolution_of_Mutation_Rate_in_Finite_Asexual_Populations"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" 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data-author-id="32663232" href="https://univie.academia.edu/ReinhardB%C3%BCrger">Reinhard Bürger</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Acta Applicandae Mathematicae, 1989</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Mutation-selection models in population genetics and evolutionary game theory","attachmentId":45379283,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/25057231/Mutation_selection_models_in_population_genetics_and_evolutionary_game_theory","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/25057231/Mutation_selection_models_in_population_genetics_and_evolutionary_game_theory"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="13440514" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13440514/Mutational_Meltdowns_in_Sexual_Populations">Mutational Meltdowns in Sexual Populations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32663232" href="https://univie.academia.edu/ReinhardB%C3%BCrger">Reinhard Bürger</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Evolution, 1995</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Mutational Meltdowns in Sexual Populations","attachmentId":45340415,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13440514/Mutational_Meltdowns_in_Sexual_Populations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13440514/Mutational_Meltdowns_in_Sexual_Populations"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="64365005" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64365005/Evolution_of_recombination_in_a_constant_environment">Evolution of recombination in a constant environment</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="8981820" href="https://stanford.academia.edu/MarcusFeldman">Marcus Feldman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the …, 1980</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Evolution of recombination in a constant environment","attachmentId":76434634,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/64365005/Evolution_of_recombination_in_a_constant_environment","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/64365005/Evolution_of_recombination_in_a_constant_environment"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="31625249" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31625249/The_Fixation_Probability_of_Rare_Mutators_in_Finite_Asexual_Populations">The Fixation Probability of Rare Mutators in Finite Asexual Populations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32605520" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidKessler3">David S Kessler</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Genetics, 2009</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Fixation Probability of Rare Mutators in Finite Asexual Populations","attachmentId":51950472,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31625249/The_Fixation_Probability_of_Rare_Mutators_in_Finite_Asexual_Populations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31625249/The_Fixation_Probability_of_Rare_Mutators_in_Finite_Asexual_Populations"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="74728995" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74728995/Distribution_of_fixed_beneficial_mutations_and_the_rate_of_adaptation_in_asexual_populations">Distribution of fixed beneficial mutations and the rate of adaptation in asexual populations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="194511207" href="https://independent.academia.edu/IgorRouzine">Igor Rouzine</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2012</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">When large asexual populations adapt, competition between simultaneously segregating mutations slows the rate of adaptation and restricts the set of mutations that eventually fix. This phenomenon of interference arises from competition between mutations of different strengths as well as competition between mutations that arise on different fitness backgrounds. Previous work has explored each of these effects in isolation, but the way they combine to influence the dynamics of adaptation remains largely unknown. Here, we describe a theoretical model to treat both aspects of interference in large populations. We calculate the rate of adaptation and the distribution of fixed mutational effects accumulated by the population. We focus particular attention on the case when the effects of beneficial mutations are exponentially distributed, as well as on a more general class of exponential-like distributions. In both cases, we show that the rate of adaptation and the influence of genetic bac...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Distribution of fixed beneficial mutations and the rate of adaptation in asexual populations","attachmentId":82774193,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/74728995/Distribution_of_fixed_beneficial_mutations_and_the_rate_of_adaptation_in_asexual_populations","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/74728995/Distribution_of_fixed_beneficial_mutations_and_the_rate_of_adaptation_in_asexual_populations"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="87871708" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/87871708/A_Mutation_Selection_Model_with_Recombination_for_General_Genotypes">A Mutation-Selection Model with Recombination for General Genotypes</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32630166" href="https://berkeley.academia.edu/StevenEvans">Steven Evans</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Mutation-Selection Model with Recombination for General Genotypes","attachmentId":91973653,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/87871708/A_Mutation_Selection_Model_with_Recombination_for_General_Genotypes","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/87871708/A_Mutation_Selection_Model_with_Recombination_for_General_Genotypes"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":5691440,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":5691440,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_5691440" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/48154758/Response_to_selection_from_new_mutation_and_effective_size_of_partially_inbred_populations_I_Theoretical_results">Response to selection from new mutation and effective size of partially inbred populations. I. Theoretical results</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="71267200" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CarlosLopezFanjul">Carlos Lopez-Fanjul</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Genetical Research, 1995</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Response to selection from new mutation and effective size of partially inbred populations. I. Theoretical results","attachmentId":66913883,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/48154758/Response_to_selection_from_new_mutation_and_effective_size_of_partially_inbred_populations_I_Theoretical_results","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/48154758/Response_to_selection_from_new_mutation_and_effective_size_of_partially_inbred_populations_I_Theoretical_results"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="10" data-entity-id="51437716" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51437716/Rates_of_recombination_and_the_acceleration_of_evolution">Rates of recombination and the acceleration of evolution</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="121650709" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ParkerQuammen">Parker Quammen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1989</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Rates of recombination and the acceleration of evolution","attachmentId":69163322,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/51437716/Rates_of_recombination_and_the_acceleration_of_evolution","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/51437716/Rates_of_recombination_and_the_acceleration_of_evolution"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="11" data-entity-id="71166027" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71166027/Response_to_selection_from_new_mutation_and_effective_size_of_partially_inbred_populations_II_Experiments_with_Drosophila_melanogaster">Response to selection from new mutation and effective size of partially inbred populations. II. Experiments with Drosophila melanogaster</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="125798852" href="https://uniovi.academia.edu/EnriqueSantiago">Enrique Santiago</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Genetical …, 1995</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Response to selection from new mutation and effective size of partially inbred populations. II. 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data-entity-id="13813222" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13813222/On_Recombination_and_Optimal_Mutation_Rates">On Recombination and Optimal Mutation Rates</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32912112" href="https://sussex.academia.edu/HilaryBuxton">Hilary Buxton</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Proceedings of the Genetic and …, 1999</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"On Recombination and Optimal Mutation Rates","attachmentId":44921608,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/13813222/On_Recombination_and_Optimal_Mutation_Rates","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/13813222/On_Recombination_and_Optimal_Mutation_Rates"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="13" data-entity-id="98003501" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/98003501/Dynamic_Mutation_Selection_Balance_as_an_Evolutionary_Attractor">Dynamic Mutation–Selection Balance as an Evolutionary Attractor</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49581400" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BorisShraiman">Boris Shraiman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Genetics, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Dynamic Mutation–Selection Balance as an Evolutionary Attractor","attachmentId":99473552,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/98003501/Dynamic_Mutation_Selection_Balance_as_an_Evolutionary_Attractor","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/98003501/Dynamic_Mutation_Selection_Balance_as_an_Evolutionary_Attractor"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="14" data-entity-id="123916941" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/123916941/Natural_selection_for_modifiers_of_heterozygote_fitness">Natural selection for modifiers of heterozygote fitness</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48688649" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/WalterBodmer">Walter F Bodmer</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Theoretical Biology, 1963</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Natural selection for modifiers of heterozygote fitness","attachmentId":118240329,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123916941/Natural_selection_for_modifiers_of_heterozygote_fitness","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/123916941/Natural_selection_for_modifiers_of_heterozygote_fitness"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container 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href="https://www.academia.edu/21091305/Discrete_Evolutionary_Genetics_Multiplicative_Fitnesses_and_the_Mutation_Fitness_Balance">Discrete Evolutionary Genetics: Multiplicative Fitnesses and the Mutation-Fitness Balance</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42309638" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ThierryHuillet">Thierry Huillet</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Applied Mathematics, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Discrete Evolutionary Genetics: Multiplicative Fitnesses and the Mutation-Fitness 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ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/123948673/Stable_Equilibria_under_Random_Fitness_and_Recombination_Rates">Stable Equilibria under Random Fitness and Recombination Rates</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="279899229" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BabelNoah">Noah Babel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), 2023</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Stable Equilibria under Random Fitness and Recombination Rates","attachmentId":118266061,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123948673/Stable_Equilibria_under_Random_Fitness_and_Recombination_Rates","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" 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ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="57697833" href="https://liberty.academia.edu/JohnBaumgardner">John R Baumgardner</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Using Numerical Simulation to Test the “Mutation-Count” Hypothesis","attachmentId":108281564,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/110475909/Using_Numerical_Simulation_to_Test_the_Mutation_Count_Hypothesis","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/110475909/Using_Numerical_Simulation_to_Test_the_Mutation_Count_Hypothesis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="19" data-entity-id="90341127" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/90341127/Fixation_of_Mutators_in_Asexual_Populations_The_Role_of_Genetic_Drift_and_Epistasis">Fixation of Mutators in Asexual Populations: The Role of Genetic Drift and Epistasis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="236537127" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ApoorvaNagar">Apoorva Nagar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Evolution, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Fixation of Mutators in Asexual Populations: The Role of Genetic Drift and Epistasis","attachmentId":93930829,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/90341127/Fixation_of_Mutators_in_Asexual_Populations_The_Role_of_Genetic_Drift_and_Epistasis","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/90341127/Fixation_of_Mutators_in_Asexual_Populations_The_Role_of_Genetic_Drift_and_Epistasis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" 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data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Exact Distributions of FIS under Partial Asexuality in Small Finite Populations with Mutation","attachmentId":72700144,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/58146930/The_Exact_Distributions_of_FIS_under_Partial_Asexuality_in_Small_Finite_Populations_with_Mutation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/58146930/The_Exact_Distributions_of_FIS_under_Partial_Asexuality_in_Small_Finite_Populations_with_Mutation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="21" data-entity-id="102452321" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/102452321/Genetic_Draft_and_Quasi_Neutrality_in_Large_Facultatively_Sexual_Populations">Genetic Draft and Quasi-Neutrality in Large Facultatively Sexual Populations</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="49581400" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BorisShraiman">Boris Shraiman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Genetics, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Genetic Draft and Quasi-Neutrality in Large Facultatively Sexual 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