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1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Yoshishige_Abe_02.jpg/440px-Yoshishige_Abe_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1883-12-23</span>)</span>December 23, 1883<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Matsuyama,_Ehime" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsuyama, Ehime">Matsuyama, Ehime</a>, Japan</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 7, 1966<span style="display:none">(1966-06-07)</span> (aged 82)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Tokyo, Japan</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Tokei-ji" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokei-ji">Tokei-ji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamakura,_Kanagawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamakura, Kanagawa">Kamakura</a>, Japan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Japanese</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Imperial_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokyo Imperial University">Tokyo Imperial University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Educator, politician, cabinet minister</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yomiuri_Prize" title="Yomiuri Prize">Yomiuri Prize</a> (1958)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Yoshishige Abe</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">安倍能成</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Abe Yoshishige</i></span>, 23 December 1883 – 7 June 1966)</span> was a philosopher, educator, and statesman in <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōwa period">Shōwa period</a> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. As Minister of Education in the immediate post-war era, he oversaw major reforms to the Japanese educational system. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoshishige_Abe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abe was born in <a href="/wiki/Matsuyama,_Ehime" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsuyama, Ehime">Matsuyama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ehime_Prefecture" title="Ehime Prefecture">Ehime Prefecture</a> as the son of a doctor of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese medicine">Chinese medicine</a>. He graduated from <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Imperial_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokyo Imperial University">Tokyo Imperial University</a>, and was a close associate of <a href="/wiki/Natsume_S%C5%8Dseki" title="Natsume Sōseki">Natsume Sōseki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seiichi_Hatano" title="Seiichi Hatano">Seiichi Hatano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyoshi_Takahama" title="Kyoshi Takahama">Kyoshi Takahama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shigeo_Iwanami" title="Shigeo Iwanami">Shigeo Iwanami</a>, although he was forced to return home to teach <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> in Matsuyama due to reduced family circumstances. He later married the sister of <a href="/wiki/Misao_Fujimura" title="Misao Fujimura">Misao Fujimura</a>. While still a student, he began writing <a href="/wiki/Literary_criticism" title="Literary criticism">literary criticism</a> and was interested in the development of <a href="/wiki/Naturalism_(literature)" title="Naturalism (literature)">naturalism</a>. </p><p>From 1920, Abe worked as a professor at <a href="/wiki/Hosei_University" title="Hosei University">Hosei University</a>; however, he toured Europe extensively and spent some time at <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_University" title="Heidelberg University">Heidelberg University</a> in 1924 where he studied <a href="/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" title="Immanuel Kant">Kantian philosophy</a>. In 1926 he accepted a position at <a href="/wiki/Keij%C5%8D_Imperial_University" title="Keijō Imperial University">Keijō Imperial University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Keij%C5%8D" title="Keijō">Keijō</a> (Seoul), in <a href="/wiki/Korea_under_Japanese_rule" title="Korea under Japanese rule">colonial Korea</a>, where he became interested in <a href="/wiki/Korean_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean culture">Korean culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Korean_literature" title="Korean literature">Korean literature</a>. He travelled to China in 1929, visiting <a href="/wiki/Jinan" title="Jinan">Jinan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qufu" title="Qufu">Qufu</a> and climbed <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tai" title="Mount Tai">Mount Tai</a>, and noted the strong Japanese commercial presence throughout <a href="/wiki/Shandong_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Shandong Province">Shandong Province</a>. He also visited <a href="/wiki/Manchuria" title="Manchuria">Manchuria</a> and noted the increasing Chinese presence in <a href="/wiki/Harbin" title="Harbin">Harbin</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abe returned to mainland Japan in 1940, returning to his alma mater, the Daiichi High School in Tokyo. However, Abe soon ran afoul of the military authorities with his outspoken criticism of the military’s plans to cut short school curriculums to increase the numbers of conscripts, and of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Fumimaro_Konoe" title="Fumimaro Konoe">Fumimaro Konoe</a>’s efforts to create a single-party state. Although occasionally harassed by the <a href="/wiki/Kempeitai" title="Kempeitai">Kempeitai</a>, he was not arrested. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">end of World War II</a>, Abe was appointed to a seat in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Peers_(Japan)" title="House of Peers (Japan)">Upper House</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Diet_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Diet of Japan">Diet of Japan</a> in December 1945, and from January through March 1946 served as <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture,_Sports,_Science_and_Technology" title="Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology">Minister of Education</a> in the cabinet of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Kij%C5%ABr%C5%8D_Shidehara" title="Kijūrō Shidehara">Kijūrō Shidehara</a>, where he oversaw the post-war reform of the Japanese educational system. He helped draft the <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_Law_of_Education" title="Fundamental Law of Education">Fundamental Law of Education</a>, and the current <a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dy%C5%8D_kanji" title="Tōyō kanji">Tōyō kanji</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modern_kana_usage" title="Modern kana usage">Modern kana usage</a> guidelines. As Education Minister, he also stated that he felt it was fortunate that Japan had been occupied by America instead of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. From October 1946, he was principal of the <a href="/wiki/Gakushuin" class="mw-redirect" title="Gakushuin">Gakushuin</a> Peers’ School – a post he held until his death in 1966. </p><p>Abe was a strong supporter of the anti-war movement in the late 1950s and early 1960s, but maintained a critical stance against post-war <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a>, which he viewed as dangerous as pre-war <a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">militarism</a>. </p><p>Abe was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Yomiuri_Literary_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Yomiuri Literary Prize">Yomiuri Literary Prize</a> in 1958 for his biography of Shigeo Iwanami. In 1964, he was awarded the Grand Cordon of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasure" title="Order of the Sacred Treasure">Order of the Sacred Treasure</a>. </p><p>Abe died in Tokyo in 1966, but his grave is at the temple of <a href="/wiki/T%C5%8Dkei-ji" title="Tōkei-ji">Tōkei-ji</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kamakura,_Kanagawa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamakura, Kanagawa">Kamakura</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoshishige_Abe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFShibata2005" class="citation book cs1">Shibata, Masako (2005). <i>Japan and Germany under the US Occupation: A Comparative Analysis of the Post-War Education Reform</i>. New York: The Macmillan Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0739111493" title="Special:BookSources/0739111493"><bdi>0739111493</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+and+Germany+under+the+US+Occupation%3A+A+Comparative+Analysis+of+the+Post-War+Education+Reform&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+Macmillan+Company&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0739111493&rft.aulast=Shibata&rft.aufirst=Masako&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoshishige+Abe" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrederic2002" class="citation book cs1">Frederic, Louis (2002). <i>Japan Encyclopedia</i>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0674017536" title="Special:BookSources/0674017536"><bdi>0674017536</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0674017536&rft.aulast=Frederic&rft.aufirst=Louis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoshishige+Abe" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoshishige_Abe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Yoshishige_Abe" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Yoshishige Abe">Yoshishige Abe</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ndl.go.jp/constitution/e/etc/figures.html">National Diet Library biography</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yoshishige_Abe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFogel1996" class="citation book cs1">Fogel, Joshua (1996). <i>The Literature of travel in the Japanese Rediscovery of China 1862-1945</i>. Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0804725675" title="Special:BookSources/0804725675"><bdi>0804725675</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Literature+of+travel+in+the+Japanese+Rediscovery+of+China+1862-1945&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0804725675&rft.aulast=Fogel&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoshishige+Abe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamon_Maeda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamon Maeda (page does not exist)">Tamon Maeda</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education,_Culture,_Sports,_Science_and_Technology" title="Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology">Minister of Education</a> </b><br />13 Jan 1946 – 22 May 1946 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Tanaka_(judge)" title="Kōtarō Tanaka (judge)">Kōtarō Tanaka</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1020700599">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84094384">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00000342">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p278566812">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199640600">Korea</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" 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