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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the park in Washington, D.C.. For the parkway in California, see <a href="/wiki/Capitol_Mall" title="Capitol Mall">Capitol Mall</a>. For the shopping malls in Olympia, Washington, and Jefferson City, Missouri, respectively, see <a href="/wiki/Capital_Mall" title="Capital Mall">Capital Mall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capital_Mall_(Missouri)" title="Capital Mall (Missouri)">Capital Mall (Missouri)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>The National Mall is a <a href="/wiki/Landscape_architecture" title="Landscape architecture">landscaped park</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Downtown,_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Downtown, Washington, D.C.">downtown area</a> of <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital city</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. It contains and borders a number of museums of the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>, art galleries, cultural institutions, and various memorials, sculptures, and statues. It is administered by the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> (NPS) of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/National_Mall_and_Memorial_Parks" title="National Mall and Memorial Parks">National Mall and Memorial Parks</a> unit of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_the_United_States_National_Park_System" title="List of areas in the United States National Park System">National Park System</a>.<a href="#cite_note-INDEX-4">[4]</a> The park receives approximately 24 million visitors each year.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Designed by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_L%27Enfant" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre L'Enfant">Pierre L'Enfant</a>, the "Grand Avenue" or Mall was to be a democratic and egalitarian space—unlike palace gardens, such as those at <a href="/wiki/Versailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Versailles">Versailles</a> in France, that were paid for by the people but reserved for the use of a privileged few. <table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:1px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="padding:0; border:none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF; line-height:1.5">National Mall</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.5;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF;"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Mall,_Washington,_D.C._(20100325-DSC01310).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/National_Mall%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._%2820100325-DSC01310%29.jpg/250px-National_Mall%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._%2820100325-DSC01310%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/National_Mall%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._%2820100325-DSC01310%29.jpg/375px-National_Mall%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._%2820100325-DSC01310%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/National_Mall%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._%2820100325-DSC01310%29.jpg/500px-National_Mall%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._%2820100325-DSC01310%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2663" data-file-height="1783"></a><div class="infobox-caption">The National Mall with the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial_Reflecting_Pool" title="Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool">its reflecting pool</a> (foreground), the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a> behind it, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">United States Capitol</a> (background) in 2010</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">Between <a href="/wiki/Independence_Avenue_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Independence Avenue (Washington, D.C.)">Independence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Avenue" title="Constitution Avenue">Constitution</a> Avenues from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">Capitol</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=National_Mall&params=38_53_24_N_77_1_25_W_type:landmark_region:US-DC">38°53′24″N 77°1′25″W / 38.89000°N 77.02361°W / 38.89000; -77.02361</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Architect</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Charles_L%27Enfant" title="Pierre Charles L'Enfant">Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant</a>, <a href="/wiki/McMillan_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="McMillan Commission">McMillan Commission</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/nama/">National Mall and Memorial Parks</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">NRHP reference <abbr title="number">No.</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/66000031">66000031</a><a href="#cite_note-nris-1">[1]</a> (original) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/16000805">16000805</a><a href="#cite_note-increase-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> (increase)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background: #A8EDEF">Significant dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Added to NRHP</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">October 15, 1966</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Boundary increase</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">December 8, 2016</td></tr></tbody></table> The core area of the National Mall extends between the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">United States Capitol</a> grounds to the east and the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a> to the west and is lined to the north and south by several museums and federal office buildings.<a href="#cite_note-National_Register_Nomination_Form-6">[6]</a> The term National Mall may also include areas that are also officially part of neighboring <a href="/wiki/West_Potomac_Park" title="West Potomac Park">West Potomac Park</a> to the south and west and <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Gardens" title="Constitution Gardens">Constitution Gardens</a> to the north, extending to the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a> on the west and <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial" title="Jefferson Memorial">Jefferson Memorial</a> to the south.<a href="#cite_note-foundation_statement-7">[7]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Landmarks,_museums,_and_other_features">1 Landmarks, museums, and other features</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Within_the_National_Mall_proper">1.1 Within the National Mall proper</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#East_of_the_National_Mall_proper">1.2 East of the National Mall proper</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#West_of_the_National_Mall_proper_and_in_West_Potomac_Park">1.3 West of the National Mall proper and in West Potomac Park</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Boundaries_and_dimensions">2 Boundaries and dimensions</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Dimensions">2.1 Dimensions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Boundaries">2.2 Boundaries</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Purposes">3 Purposes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#History">4 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#L'Enfant_City_Plan">4.1 L'Enfant City Plan</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Downing_Plan:_Mid-19th_century">4.2 Downing Plan: Mid-19th century</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#McMillan_Plan:_Early_20th_century">4.3 McMillan Plan: Early 20th century</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Temporary_war_buildings">4.4 Temporary war buildings</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="#World_War_I">4.4.1 World War I</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="#World_War_II">4.4.2 World War II</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#Later_history">4.5 Later history</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Demolished_or_moved_structures">5 Demolished or moved structures</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#Usage">6 Usage</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Protests_and_rallies">6.1 Protests and rallies</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Presidential_inaugurations">6.2 Presidential inaugurations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Other_events_and_recreational_activities">6.3 Other events and recreational activities</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="#Annual_events">6.3.1 Annual events</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="#Other_events">6.3.2 Other events</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="#Improvements_and_future_plans">7 Improvements and future plans</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#National_Mall_Plan">7.1 National Mall Plan</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Reconstruction_and_restoration">7.2 Reconstruction and restoration</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="#Transportation">8 Transportation</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#Public_transportation">8.1 Public transportation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Bicycles">8.2 Bicycles</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Electric_scooters_and_Segways">8.3 Electric scooters and Segways</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Pedicabs">8.4 Pedicabs</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Motor_vehicle_parking">8.5 Motor vehicle parking</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="#Weather_and_climate">9 Weather and climate</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="#In_popular_culture">10 In popular culture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#Gallery">11 Gallery</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="#Other_attractions_nearby">12 Other attractions nearby</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="#East_of_the_Capitol">12.1 East of the Capitol</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="#Northeast_of_the_National_Mall_(proper)">12.2 Northeast of the National Mall (proper)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#North_of_the_National_Mall_(proper)">12.3 North of the National Mall (proper)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="#Northwest_of_the_National_Mall_(proper)">12.4 Northwest of the National Mall (proper)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="#West_of_the_National_Mall_(proper)">12.5 West of the National Mall (proper)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-42"><a href="#Southwest_of_the_National_Mall_(proper)">12.6 Southwest of the National Mall (proper)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-43"><a href="#South_of_the_National_Mall_(proper)">12.7 South of the National Mall (proper)</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="#See_also">13 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-45"><a href="#References">14 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-46"><a href="#Further_reading">15 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-47"><a href="#External_links">16 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Landmarks,_museums,_and_other_features">Landmarks, museums, and other features</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Landmarks, museums, and other features" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">2016 Map</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NPS_national-mall-3d-map.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/NPS_national-mall-3d-map.pdf/page1-620px-NPS_national-mall-3d-map.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="620" height="217" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5775" data-file-height="2025"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 620px;height: 217px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/NPS_national-mall-3d-map.pdf/page1-620px-NPS_national-mall-3d-map.pdf.jpg" data-width="620" data-height="217" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/NPS_national-mall-3d-map.pdf/page1-930px-NPS_national-mall-3d-map.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/NPS_national-mall-3d-map.pdf/page1-1240px-NPS_national-mall-3d-map.pdf.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Map of the National Mall and vicinity (2016)</div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Within_the_National_Mall_proper">Within the National Mall proper</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Within the National Mall proper" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">2002 Satellite image</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_mall_(east)_satellite_image.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/National_mall_%28east%29_satellite_image.jpg/660px-National_mall_%28east%29_satellite_image.jpg" decoding="async" width="660" height="152" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="184"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 660px;height: 152px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/National_mall_%28east%29_satellite_image.jpg/660px-National_mall_%28east%29_satellite_image.jpg" data-width="660" data-height="152" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/National_mall_%28east%29_satellite_image.jpg 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>National Mall proper and adjacent areas (April 2002). The Mall had a grassy lawn flanked on each side by unpaved paths and rows of American elm trees as its central feature. (Numbers in the image correspond to numbers in the list of landmarks, museums and other features below.)</figcaption></figure> The National Mall proper contains the following <a href="/wiki/Landmark" title="Landmark">landmarks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Museums" class="mw-redirect" title="Museums">museums</a> and other features (including opening year):<a href="#cite_note-foundation_statement-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-National_Register_Nomination_Form-6">[6]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <dl><dd>2. <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_American_History" title="National Museum of American History">National Museum of American History</a> (1964)<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></dd> <dd>3. <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="National Museum of Natural History">National Museum of Natural History</a> (1910)</dd> <dd>4. <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art_Sculpture_Garden" title="National Gallery of Art Sculpture Garden">National Gallery of Art Sculpture Garden</a> (1999)</dd> <dd>5. <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">West Building of the National Gallery of Art</a> (1941)</dd> <dd>6. <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">East Building of the National Gallery of Art</a> (1978)</dd> <dd>10. <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian" title="National Museum of the American Indian">National Museum of the American Indian</a> (2004) (shown under construction)</dd> <dd>11. <a href="/wiki/National_Air_and_Space_Museum" title="National Air and Space Museum">National Air and Space Museum</a> (1976)</dd> <dd>12. <a href="/wiki/Hirshhorn_Museum_and_Sculpture_Garden" title="Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden">Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden</a> (1974)</dd> <dd>13. <a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Industries_Building" title="Arts and Industries Building">Arts and Industries Building</a> (1881)</dd> <dd>14. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution_Building" title="Smithsonian Institution Building">Smithsonian Institution Building</a> ("The Castle") (1849)</dd> <dd>15. <a href="/wiki/Freer_Gallery_of_Art" title="Freer Gallery of Art">Freer Gallery of Art</a> (1923)</dd> <dd>16. <a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Sackler_Gallery" title="Arthur M. Sackler Gallery">Arthur M. Sackler Gallery</a> (1987)</dd> <dd>17. <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_African_Art" title="National Museum of African Art">National Museum of African Art</a> (1987)</dd></dl> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_j_downing_urn_006.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/A_j_downing_urn_006.JPG/150px-A_j_downing_urn_006.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/A_j_downing_urn_006.JPG/150px-A_j_downing_urn_006.JPG" data-width="150" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/A_j_downing_urn_006.JPG/225px-A_j_downing_urn_006.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/A_j_downing_urn_006.JPG/300px-A_j_downing_urn_006.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Downing_Urn" title="Andrew Jackson Downing Urn">Andrew Jackson Downing Urn</a> in May 2012</figcaption></figure> Not marked on the above image: <dl><dd>Above the Smithsonian Institution Building <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry" title="Joseph Henry">Joseph Henry</a> statue (1883)<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></li></ul></dd> <dd>Below the Smithsonian Institution Building <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Downing_Urn" title="Andrew Jackson Downing Urn">Andrew Jackson Downing Urn</a> (1856)<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></li></ul></dd> <dd>Above the Arts and Industries Building <ul><li>Smithsonian Carousel (1967)<a href="#cite_note-Smithsonian_carousel-11">[11]</a></li></ul></dd> <dd>To the left of the National Museum of American History <ul><li>Site of the present <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_African_American_History_and_Culture" title="National Museum of African American History and Culture">National Museum of African American History and Culture</a> (2016)<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington,_D.C_Mai_2009_PD_005.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Washington%2C_D.C_Mai_2009_PD_005.JPG/240px-Washington%2C_D.C_Mai_2009_PD_005.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Washington%2C_D.C_Mai_2009_PD_005.JPG/240px-Washington%2C_D.C_Mai_2009_PD_005.JPG" data-width="240" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Washington%2C_D.C_Mai_2009_PD_005.JPG/360px-Washington%2C_D.C_Mai_2009_PD_005.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Washington%2C_D.C_Mai_2009_PD_005.JPG/480px-Washington%2C_D.C_Mai_2009_PD_005.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>2009 view from the United States Capitol facing west, over the <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant_Memorial" title="Ulysses S. Grant Memorial">Grant Memorial</a> and Capitol Reflecting Pool in the foreground, and across the National Mall towards the Washington Monument</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd>To the left of the Freer Gallery of Art <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_L._Whitten_Building" title="Jamie L. Whitten Building">Jamie L. Whitten Building: U.S. Department of Agriculture Administration Building</a> (1930)<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Mall_-_walking_path.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/National_Mall_-_walking_path.JPG/240px-National_Mall_-_walking_path.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3573" data-file-height="1933"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 130px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/National_Mall_-_walking_path.JPG/240px-National_Mall_-_walking_path.JPG" data-width="240" data-height="130" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/National_Mall_-_walking_path.JPG/360px-National_Mall_-_walking_path.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/National_Mall_-_walking_path.JPG/480px-National_Mall_-_walking_path.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Facing east on the National Mall, as viewed near the 1300 block of Jefferson Drive, <a href="/wiki/Southwest,_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest, Washington, D.C.">S.W.</a> in April 2010. Rows of American elm trees line the sides of a path traversing the length of the Mall.</figcaption></figure> With the exception of the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">National Gallery of Art</a>, all of the museums on the National Mall proper are part of the Smithsonian Institution. The <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Gardens" title="Smithsonian Gardens">Smithsonian Gardens</a> maintains a number of gardens and <a href="/wiki/Landscape" title="Landscape">landscapes</a> near its museums.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> These include: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>Common Ground: Our American Garden (2017)<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enid_A._Haupt_Garden" title="Enid A. Haupt Garden">Enid A. Haupt Garden</a> (1987)<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freer_Gallery_of_Art" title="Freer Gallery of Art">Freer Gallery of Art</a> Courtyard Garden (1923)<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirshhorn_Museum_and_Sculpture_Garden" title="Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden">Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden</a> (1974)<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></li> <li>Kathrine Dulin Folger Rose Garden (1998)<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Livingston_Ripley" title="Mary Livingston Ripley">Mary Livingston Ripley</a> Garden (1978)<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Air_and_Space_Museum" title="National Air and Space Museum">National Air and Space Museum</a> landscape (1976)<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></li> <li>Native landscape at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_American_Indian" title="National Museum of the American Indian">National Museum of the American Indian</a> (2004)<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a></li> <li>Pollinator Garden (1995)<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></li> <li>Urban Bird Habitat (2020)<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victory_garden" title="Victory garden">Victory</a> Garden (2020)<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_of_the_National_Mall_proper">East of the National Mall proper</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: East of the National Mall proper" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:19_03_19_Foto_do_dia_(47419854521).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/19_03_19_Foto_do_dia_%2847419854521%29.jpg/240px-19_03_19_Foto_do_dia_%2847419854521%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3506" data-file-height="2337"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/19_03_19_Foto_do_dia_%2847419854521%29.jpg/240px-19_03_19_Foto_do_dia_%2847419854521%29.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/19_03_19_Foto_do_dia_%2847419854521%29.jpg/360px-19_03_19_Foto_do_dia_%2847419854521%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/19_03_19_Foto_do_dia_%2847419854521%29.jpg/480px-19_03_19_Foto_do_dia_%2847419854521%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>West side of the U.S. Capitol building (March 2019)</figcaption></figure> Features east of the National Mall proper include: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">United States Capitol</a> and its grounds (no. 7 on image)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Square_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Union Square (Washington, D.C.)">Union Square</a>, containing:</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Reflecting_Pool" title="Capitol Reflecting Pool">Capitol Reflecting Pool</a> (1971) (no. 8 on image)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant_Memorial" title="Ulysses S. Grant Memorial">Ulysses S. Grant Memorial</a> (1922) (east of no. 8 on image)</li></ul></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Monument" title="Peace Monument">Peace Monument</a> (1878) (in traffic circle northeast of no. 8 in image)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Botanic_Garden" title="United States Botanic Garden">United States Botanic Garden</a> (1933) (no. 9 on image)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Garfield_Monument" title="James A. Garfield Monument">James A. Garfield Monument</a> (1887) (in traffic circle northeast of no. 9 in image)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="West_of_the_National_Mall_proper_and_in_West_Potomac_Park">West of the National Mall proper and in West Potomac Park</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: West of the National Mall proper and in West Potomac Park" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Interactive Map</div> <div class="mw-kartographer-container thumb tnone center"><div class="thumbinner" style="width: 450px;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme" style="width: 450px; height: 370px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="450" data-height="370" data-zoom="15" data-lat="38.8863" data-lon="-77.0428" data-overlays='["_1dfd335a7984747e5057324ec8a147264d09844d"]' href="/wiki/Special:Map/15/38.8863/-77.0428/en"><noscript><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,15,38.8863,-77.0428,450x370.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=National_Mall&groups=_1dfd335a7984747e5057324ec8a147264d09844d" width="450" height="370" decoding="async" alt="Map"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 450px;height: 370px;" data-src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,15,38.8863,-77.0428,450x370.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=National_Mall&groups=_1dfd335a7984747e5057324ec8a147264d09844d" data-alt="Map" data-width="450" data-height="370" data-srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,15,38.8863,-77.0428,450x370@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=National_Mall&groups=_1dfd335a7984747e5057324ec8a147264d09844d 2x"> </a><div class="thumbcaption">Landmarks: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;">1 - <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a> 2 - <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial" title="Vietnam Veterans Memorial">Vietnam Veterans Memorial</a> 3 - <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial_Reflecting_Pool" title="Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool">Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool</a> 4 - <a href="/wiki/WWII_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="WWII Memorial">WWII Memorial</a> 5 - <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a> 6 - <a href="/wiki/Korean_War_Veterans_Memorial" title="Korean War Veterans Memorial">Korean War Veterans Memorial</a> 7 - <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Memorial" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial">Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial</a> 8 - <a href="/wiki/FDR_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="FDR Memorial">FDR Memorial</a> 9 - <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial" title="Jefferson Memorial">Jefferson Memorial</a> </div></div></div></div> Not included in the above map: <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockkeeper%27s_House,_C_%26_O_Canal_Extension" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockkeeper's House, C & O Canal Extension">Lockkeeper's House, C & O Canal Extension</a> (1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Gardens" title="Constitution Gardens">Constitution Gardens</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_the_56_Signers_of_the_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence">Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_War_Memorial" title="District of Columbia War Memorial">District of Columbia War Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Sylvan_Theater" title="National Sylvan Theater">Sylvan Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Mason_Memorial" title="George Mason Memorial">George Mason Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Jones_Memorial" title="John Paul Jones Memorial">John Paul Jones Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ericsson_Memorial" title="John Ericsson Memorial">John Ericsson Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Arts_of_War_and_The_Arts_of_Peace" title="The Arts of War and The Arts of Peace">The Arts of War and The Arts of Peace</a> sculptures</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Pier" title="Jefferson Pier">Jefferson Pier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidal_Basin#Recreation" title="Tidal Basin">Tidal Basin paddle-boat dock</a>.</li></ul></dd></dl> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Boundaries_and_dimensions">Boundaries and dimensions</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Boundaries and dimensions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dimensions">Dimensions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Dimensions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Geography of Washington, D.C.">Geography of Washington, D.C.</a></div> <ul><li>Between the Capitol steps and the Lincoln Memorial, the Mall spans 1.9 miles (3.0 km).</li> <li>Between the Capitol steps and the Washington Monument, the Mall spans 1.2 miles (1.8 km).</li> <li>Between the <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant_Memorial" title="Ulysses S. Grant Memorial">Ulysses S. Grant Memorial</a> and the Lincoln Memorial, the Mall covers 309.2 acres (125.13 ha).</li> <li>Between <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Avenue" title="Constitution Avenue">Constitution Avenue</a> NW and <a href="/wiki/Independence_Avenue_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Independence Avenue (Washington, D.C.)">Independence Avenue</a> SW at <a href="/wiki/7th_Street_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="7th Street (Washington, D.C.)">7th Street</a>, the width of the Mall is 1,586 feet (483 m).</li> <li>Between Madison Drive NW and Jefferson Drive SW at 7th Street, the width of the Mall's open space is 656 feet (200 m).</li> <li>Between the innermost rows of trees near 7th Street, the width of the Mall's vista is 300 feet (91 m).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boundaries">Boundaries</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Boundaries" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In its 1981 National Register of Historic Places nomination form, the NPS defined the boundaries of the National Mall (proper) as Constitution and <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Avenue_(Washington,_D.C.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Avenue (Washington, D.C.)">Pennsylvania Avenues</a> on the north, 1st Street NW on the east, Independence and Maryland Avenues on the south, and <a href="/wiki/14th_Street_Northwest_and_Southwest_(Washington,_D.C.)" class="mw-redirect" title="14th Street Northwest and Southwest (Washington, D.C.)">14th Street NW</a> on the west, with the exception of the section of land bordered by Jefferson Drive on the north, Independence Avenue on the south, and by 12th and 14th Streets respectively on the east and west, which the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">U.S. Department of Agriculture</a> administers and which contains the <a href="/wiki/Jamie_L._Whitten_Building" title="Jamie L. Whitten Building">Jamie L. Whitten Building (U.S. Department of Agriculture Administration Building)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-National_Register_Nomination_Form-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The 2012–2016 National Park Service index describes the National Mall as being a landscaped park that extends from the Capitol to the Washington Monument, defined as a principal axis in the <a href="/wiki/L%27Enfant_Plan" title="L'Enfant Plan">L'Enfant Plan</a> for the city of Washington.<a href="#cite_note-INDEX-4">[4]</a> However, a 2010 NPS plan for the Mall contains maps that show the Mall's general area to be larger.<a href="#cite_note-Summary-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> A document within the plan describes this area as "the grounds of the U.S. Capitol west to the Potomac River, and from the <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial" title="Jefferson Memorial">Thomas Jefferson Memorial</a> north to Constitution Avenue".<a href="#cite_note-foundation_statement-7">[7]</a> A map within the plan entitled "National Mall Areas" illustrates "The Mall" as being the green space bounded on the east by 3rd Street, on the west by 14th Street, on the north by Jefferson Drive, NW, and on the south by Madison Drive, SW.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a> map shows the Mall as occupying the space between the Lincoln Memorial and the United States Capitol.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> In 2011, the <a href="/wiki/112th_United_States_Congress" title="112th United States Congress">112th United States Congress</a> enacted the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2012, which transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Architect_of_the_Capitol" title="Architect of the Capitol">Architect of the Capitol</a> the NPS "property which is bounded on the north by Pennsylvania Avenue Northwest, on the east by First Street Northwest and First Street Southwest, on the south by Maryland Avenue Southwest, and on the west by Third Street Southwest and Third Street Northwest".<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> This act removed <a href="/wiki/Union_Square_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Union Square (Washington, D.C.)">Union Square</a> (the area containing the <a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant_Memorial" title="Ulysses S. Grant Memorial">Ulysses S. Grant Memorial</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Complex#Buildings_and_grounds" title="United States Capitol Complex">Capitol Reflecting Pool</a>) from NPS jurisdiction.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Purposes">Purposes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Purposes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> The National Park Service states that the purposes of the National Mall are to: <ul><li>Provide a monumental, dignified, and symbolic setting for the governmental structures, museums, and national memorials as first delineated by the L'Enfant plan and further outlined in the <a href="/wiki/McMillan_Plan" title="McMillan Plan">McMillan plan</a>.</li> <li>Maintain and provide for the use of the National Mall with its public promenades as a completed work of civic art, a designed historic landscape providing extraordinary vistas to symbols of the nation.</li> <li>Maintain National Mall commemorative works (memorials, monuments, statues, sites, gardens) that honor presidential legacies, distinguished public figures, ideas, events, and military and civilian sacrifices and contributions.</li> <li>Forever retain the West Potomac Park section of the National Mall as a public park for the recreation and enjoyment of the people.</li> <li>Maintain the National Mall in the heart of the nation's capital as a stage for national events and a preeminent national civic space for public gatherings because it is here that the constitutional rights of speech and peaceful assembly find their fullest expression.</li> <li>Maintain the National Mall as an area free of commercial advertising while retaining the ability to recognize sponsors."<a href="#cite_note-foundation_statement-7">[7]</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Washington,_D.C." title="History of Washington, D.C.">History of Washington, D.C.</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="L'Enfant_City_Plan">L'Enfant City Plan</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: L'Enfant City Plan" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iiif-service_gmd_gmd385_g3852_g3852m_ct005090-full-pct_12.5-0-default.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Iiif-service_gmd_gmd385_g3852_g3852m_ct005090-full-pct_12.5-0-default.jpg/310px-Iiif-service_gmd_gmd385_g3852_g3852m_ct005090-full-pct_12.5-0-default.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="214" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1455" data-file-height="1006"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 310px;height: 214px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Iiif-service_gmd_gmd385_g3852_g3852m_ct005090-full-pct_12.5-0-default.jpg/310px-Iiif-service_gmd_gmd385_g3852_g3852m_ct005090-full-pct_12.5-0-default.jpg" data-width="310" data-height="214" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Iiif-service_gmd_gmd385_g3852_g3852m_ct005090-full-pct_12.5-0-default.jpg/465px-Iiif-service_gmd_gmd385_g3852_g3852m_ct005090-full-pct_12.5-0-default.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Iiif-service_gmd_gmd385_g3852_g3852m_ct005090-full-pct_12.5-0-default.jpg/620px-Iiif-service_gmd_gmd385_g3852_g3852m_ct005090-full-pct_12.5-0-default.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> The "Grand Avenue" or Mall as proposed by Pierre L'Enfant, 1791</div></figcaption></figure> In his 1791 plan for the future city of <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Charles_L%27Enfant" title="Pierre Charles L'Enfant">Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant</a> envisioned a garden-lined "grand avenue" approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) in length and 400 feet (120 m) wide, in an area that would lie between the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> House (now the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">United States Capitol</a>) and an equestrian statue of <a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a>. The statue would be placed directly south of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President</a>'s House (now the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>) and directly west of the Congress House (see <a href="/wiki/L%27Enfant_Plan" title="L'Enfant Plan">L'Enfant Plan</a>) on the site of the Washington Monument. The grand avenue was to be flanked by gardens and spacious accommodations for foreign ministers.<a href="#cite_note-Nati_onal_Register_Nomination_%E2%80%94Form-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sherald-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mathew_Carey" title="Mathew Carey">Mathew Carey</a>'s 1802 map is reported to be the first to name the area west of the United States Capitol as the "Mall".<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> The name is derived from that of <a href="/wiki/The_Mall,_London" title="The Mall, London">The Mall in London</a>, which during the 1700s was a fashionable <a href="/wiki/Promenade" class="mw-redirect" title="Promenade">promenade</a> near <a href="/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a> upon which the city's elite strolled.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Washington_City_Canal" title="Washington City Canal">Washington City Canal</a>, completed in 1815 in accordance with the L'Enfant Plan, travelled along the former course of <a href="/wiki/Tiber_Creek" title="Tiber Creek">Tiber Creek</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a> along B Street <a href="/wiki/Northwest,_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest, Washington, D.C.">Northwest</a> (NW) (now <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Avenue" title="Constitution Avenue">Constitution Avenue</a> NW) and south along the base of a hill containing the Congress House, thus defining the northern and eastern boundaries of the Mall.<a href="#cite_note-canal-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-HMdb-40">[40]</a> Being shallow and often obstructed by <a href="/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">silt</a>, the canal served only a limited role and became an open sewer that poured sediment and waste into the Potomac River's flats and shipping channel.<a href="#cite_note-canal-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-dredging-41">[41]</a> The portion of the canal that traveled near the Mall was covered over in 1871 for sanitary reasons.<a href="#cite_note-canal-38">[38]</a> Some consider a <a href="/wiki/Lockkeeper%27s_House,_C_%26_O_Canal_Extension" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockkeeper's House, C & O Canal Extension">lockkeeper's house</a> constructed in 1837 near the western end of the Washington City Canal for an eastward extension of the <a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_%26_Ohio_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Chesapeake & Ohio Canal">Chesapeake & Ohio Canal</a> to be the oldest building still standing on the National Mall.<a href="#cite_note-Lockkeeper-42">[42]</a> The structure, which is located near the southwestern corner of 17th Street NW and Constitution Avenue NW, is west of the National Mall (proper).<a href="#cite_note-HMdb-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-renovation-43">[43]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution_Building" title="Smithsonian Institution Building">Smithsonian Institution Building</a> ("The Castle"), constructed from 1847 to 1855, is the oldest building now present on the National Mall (proper).<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> The Washington Monument, whose construction began in 1848 and reached completion in 1888, stands near the planned site of its namesake's equestrian statue.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Pier" title="Jefferson Pier">Jefferson Pier</a> marks the planned site of the statue itself.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Downing_Plan:_Mid-19th_century">Downing Plan: Mid-19th century</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Downing Plan: Mid-19th century" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DClandscape1846.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/DClandscape1846.jpg/240px-DClandscape1846.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="896"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/DClandscape1846.jpg/240px-DClandscape1846.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/DClandscape1846.jpg/360px-DClandscape1846.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/DClandscape1846.jpg/480px-DClandscape1846.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Portrait of the Mall and vicinity looking northwest from southeast of the U.S. Capitol, circa 1846–1855, showing stables in the foreground, the <a href="/wiki/Washington_City_Canal" title="Washington City Canal">Washington City Canal</a> behind them, the Capitol on the right and the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution_Building" title="Smithsonian Institution Building">Smithsonian "Castle"</a>, the Washington Monument and the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a> in the distant left.</figcaption></figure> During the early 1850s, architect and horticulturist <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Downing" title="Andrew Jackson Downing">Andrew Jackson Downing</a> designed a landscape plan for the Mall.<a href="#cite_note-Sherald-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hanlon-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Over the next half century, federal agencies developed several naturalistic parks within the Mall in accordance with Downing's plan.<a href="#cite_note-Sherald-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hanlon-47">[47]</a> Two such areas were Henry Park and Seaton Park.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> During that period, the Mall was subdivided into several areas between B Street Northwest (NW) (now Constitution Avenue NW) and B Street <a href="/wiki/Southwest_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Southwest (Washington, D.C.)">Southwest</a> (SW) (now <a href="/wiki/Independence_Avenue_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Independence Avenue (Washington, D.C.)">Independence Avenue</a> SW): <ul><li>The Public Grounds between 2nd and 6th Streets NW and SW</li> <li>The Armory Grounds between 6th and 7th Streets NW and SW</li> <li>The Smithsonian Grounds between 7th and 12th Streets NW and SW</li> <li>The Agricultural Grounds between 12th and 14th Streets NW and SW</li> <li>The Monument Grounds between 14th and 17th Streets NW and SW<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></li></ul> In 1856, the Armory (No. 27 on the 1893 map of the Mall) was built at the intersection of B Street SW and 6th Street SW on the Armory Grounds. In 1862, during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, the building was converted to a military hospital known as <a href="/wiki/Armory_Square_Hospital" title="Armory Square Hospital">Armory Square Hospital</a> to house <a href="/wiki/Union_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Army">Union Army</a> casualties. After the war ended, the Armory building became the home of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_Commission" title="United States Fish Commission">United States Fish Commission</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> established the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a> in 1862 during the Civil War.<a href="#cite_note-Agriculture-52">[52]</a> Designed by <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Cluss" title="Adolf Cluss">Adolf Cluss</a> and Joseph von Kammerhueber, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture_Building" title="United States Department of Agriculture Building">United States Department of Agriculture Building</a> (No. 25 on the map), was constructed in 1867–1868 north of B Street SW within a 35-acre site on the Mall.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington,_D.C.,_April,_1865_LCCN2013651866.tif" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_April%2C_1865_LCCN2013651866.tif/lossy-page1-240px-Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_April%2C_1865_LCCN2013651866.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="152" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6619" data-file-height="4190"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 152px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_April%2C_1865_LCCN2013651866.tif/lossy-page1-240px-Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_April%2C_1865_LCCN2013651866.tif.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="152" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_April%2C_1865_LCCN2013651866.tif/lossy-page1-360px-Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_April%2C_1865_LCCN2013651866.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_April%2C_1865_LCCN2013651866.tif/lossy-page1-480px-Washington%2C_D.C.%2C_April%2C_1865_LCCN2013651866.tif.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>View of the National Mall with its livestock and the <a href="/wiki/Treasury_Building_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Treasury Building (Washington, D.C.)">Treasury Building</a> in the background in April 1865</figcaption></figure> After the Civil War ended, the Department of Agriculture started growing experimental crops and demonstration gardens on the Mall. These gardens extended from the department's building near the south side of the Mall to B Street NW (the northern boundary of the Mall). The building was razed in 1930.<a href="#cite_note-Agriculture-52">[52]</a> In addition, greenhouses belonging to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Botanic_Garden" title="United States Botanic Garden">U.S. Botanical Garden</a> (No. 16 on the map) appeared near the east end of the Mall between the Washington City Canal and the Capitol (later between 1st and 3rd Streets NW and SW).<a href="#cite_note-Hanlon-47">[47]</a> Originating during the early 1800s as a collection of market stalls immediately north of the Washington City Canal and the Mall, the <a href="/wiki/Center_Market,_Washington,_D.C." title="Center Market, Washington, D.C.">Center Market</a> (No. 19 on the map), which Adolf Cluss also designed, opened in 1872 soon after the canal closed. Located on the north side of Constitution Avenue NW, the <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives</a> now occupies the Market's site.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> During that period, railroad tracks crossed the Mall on 6th Street, west of the Capitol.<a href="#cite_note-Sherald-34">[34]</a> Near the tracks, several structures were built over the years. The <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_and_Potomac_Railroad_Station" title="Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Station">Baltimore and Potomac Railroad station</a> (B on the map) rose in 1873 on the north side of the Mall at the southwest corner of 6th Street and B Street NW (now the site of the west building of the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">National Gallery of Art</a>).<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In 1881, the <a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Industries_Building" title="Arts and Industries Building">Arts and Industries Building</a> (No. 34 on the map), known originally as the National Museum Building, opened on the north side of B Street SW to the east of "The Castle". Designed in 1876 by Adolf Cluss and his associates, the building is the second oldest still standing on the National Mall (proper).<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> In 1887, the <a href="/wiki/Army_Medical_Museum_and_Library" title="Army Medical Museum and Library">Army Medical Museum and Library</a>, which Adolf Cluss designed in 1885, opened on the Mall at northwest corner of B Street SW and 7th Street SW.<a href="#cite_note-Medical-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rhode-59">[59]</a> The Smithsonian Institution's <a href="/wiki/Hirshhorn_Museum_and_Sculpture_Garden" title="Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden">Hirshhorn Museum</a> now occupies the site of the building, which was demolished in 1968.<a href="#cite_note-Rhode-59">[59]</a> Meanwhile, in order to clean up the Potomac Flats and to make the Potomac River more navigable, in 1882 Congress authorized the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Corps_of_Engineers" title="United States Army Corps of Engineers">Army Corps of Engineers</a> to dredge the river. The Corps used the sediment removed from the shipping channel to fill in the flats. The work started in 1882 and continued until 1911, creating the <a href="/wiki/Tidal_Basin" title="Tidal Basin">Tidal Basin</a> and 628 new acres of land. Part of the new land, which became <a href="/wiki/West_Potomac_Park" title="West Potomac Park">West Potomac Park</a>, expanded the Mall southward and westward (see 1893 map above).<a href="#cite_note-dredging-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1893_Detail_Map_National_Mall.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/1893_Detail_Map_National_Mall.png/660px-1893_Detail_Map_National_Mall.png" decoding="async" width="660" height="240" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1556" data-file-height="566"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 660px;height: 240px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/1893_Detail_Map_National_Mall.png/660px-1893_Detail_Map_National_Mall.png" data-width="660" data-height="240" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/1893_Detail_Map_National_Mall.png/990px-1893_Detail_Map_National_Mall.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/1893_Detail_Map_National_Mall.png/1320px-1893_Detail_Map_National_Mall.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Map of the Mall in 1893 showing the Monument Grounds (with the Washington Monument), Agricultural Grounds (with the Dept. of Agriculture), Smithsonian Grounds (with the Castle and Arts and Industries museum), Armory Square, Public Grounds and Botanical Garden, as well as parts of the recently created "Tidal Reservoir" and "Proposed Park"<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="McMillan_Plan:_Early_20th_century">McMillan Plan: Early 20th century</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: McMillan Plan: Early 20th century" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McMillan_Plan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/McMillan_Plan.jpg/310px-McMillan_Plan.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="678"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 310px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/McMillan_Plan.jpg/310px-McMillan_Plan.jpg" data-width="310" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/McMillan_Plan.jpg/465px-McMillan_Plan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/McMillan_Plan.jpg/620px-McMillan_Plan.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The National Mall was the centerpiece of the 1902 McMillan Plan. A central open vista traversed the length of the Mall.</figcaption></figure> In 1902, the <a href="/wiki/McMillan_Plan" title="McMillan Plan">McMillan Commission</a>'s plan, which was partially inspired by the <a href="/wiki/City_Beautiful_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="City Beautiful Movement">City Beautiful Movement</a> and which purportedly extended <a href="/wiki/Pierre_L%27Enfant" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre L'Enfant">Pierre L'Enfant</a>'s plan, called for a radical redesign of the Mall that would replace its greenhouses, gardens, trees, and commercial/industrial facilities with an open space.<a href="#cite_note-Sherald-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hanlon-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Moore-62">[62]</a> The plan differed from L'Enfant's by replacing the 400 feet (120 m) wide "grand avenue" with a 300 feet (91 m) wide vista containing a long and broad expanse of grass. Four rows of American elm trees (Ulmus americana) planted fifty feet apart between two paths or streets would line each side of the vista. Buildings housing cultural and educational institutions constructed in the <a href="/wiki/Beaux-Arts_architecture" title="Beaux-Arts architecture">Beaux-Arts</a> style would line each outer path or street, on the opposite side of the path or street from the elms.<a href="#cite_note-Sherald-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hanlon-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Moore-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mall_History-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> In subsequent years, the vision of the McMillan plan was generally followed with the planting of American elms and the layout of four boulevards down the Mall, two on either side of a wide <a href="/wiki/Lawn" title="Lawn">lawn</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mall_History-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-1937map-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> In accordance with a plan that it completed in 1976, the NPS converted the two innermost boulevards (Washington Drive NW and Adams Drive SW) into gravel walking paths.<a href="#cite_note-Mall_History-63">[63]</a> The two outermost boulevards (Madison Drive NW and Jefferson Drive SW)) remain paved and open to vehicular traffic.<a href="#cite_note-Mall_History-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Temporary_war_buildings">Temporary war buildings</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Temporary war buildings" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Temporary_buildings_of_the_National_Mall" title="Temporary buildings of the National Mall">Temporary buildings of the National Mall</a></div> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World Wars I</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">II</a>, the federal government constructed a number of temporary buildings (tempos) on the Mall, disrupting the area's planned layout. Most of these buildings were in two clusters: one near the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial_Reflecting_Pool" title="Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool">Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool</a> and the other on the National Mall (proper) in the vicinity of 4th through 7th Streets NW and SW.<a href="#cite_note-wartime-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-map2-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-map3-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_I">World War I</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: World War I" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_eastern_National_Mall_-_1913_to_1918.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Aerial_view_of_eastern_National_Mall_-_1913_to_1918.jpg/240px-Aerial_view_of_eastern_National_Mall_-_1913_to_1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="9128" data-file-height="6456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 170px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Aerial_view_of_eastern_National_Mall_-_1913_to_1918.jpg/240px-Aerial_view_of_eastern_National_Mall_-_1913_to_1918.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="170" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Aerial_view_of_eastern_National_Mall_-_1913_to_1918.jpg/360px-Aerial_view_of_eastern_National_Mall_-_1913_to_1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Aerial_view_of_eastern_National_Mall_-_1913_to_1918.jpg/480px-Aerial_view_of_eastern_National_Mall_-_1913_to_1918.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Eastward view of the National Mall from the top of the Washington Monument in 1918. The three structures and two chimneys crossing the Mall are temporary <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> buildings A, B and C and parts of their central power plant.<a href="#cite_note-tempos-71">[71]</a></figcaption></figure> The United States entered World War I in April 1917.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> By 1918, a row of tempos designated from north to south as Buildings A, B, and C had stretched across the Mall along the east side of the former railroad route on 6th Street. The <a href="/wiki/Chimney" title="Chimney">smokestacks</a> of the buildings' centrally-located power plant were set apart to preserve the view of the Washington Monument from the Capitol building.<a href="#cite_note-map2-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-tempos-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-tempos2-73">[73]</a> Soon afterwards, the government constructed Buildings D, E and F to the east and west of the row.<a href="#cite_note-map2-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-tempos2-73">[73]</a> Around 1921 (when the United States and Germany signed the <a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93German_Peace_Treaty_(1921)" title="U.S.–German Peace Treaty (1921)">U.S.–German Peace Treaty</a>, thus formally ending the war between the two nations),<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> the government demolished Buildings A and B. The remaining tempos held offices of several agencies belonging to the Agriculture, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">Commerce</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Treasury</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_War" title="United States Department of War">War</a> Departments for a number of years after the war ended.<a href="#cite_note-map2-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-tempos2-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> The government then slowly dismantled most of the tempos that had remained within the Mall (proper), removing the power plant and nearby buildings by 1936.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Among those removed was Building C, which the government demolished between 1933 and 1936.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> By 1937, the government had removed all of the World War I tempos that had been within the National Mall (proper) except for Building E, thus largely restoring the Mall's central vista.<a href="#cite_note-1937map-66">[66]</a> However, another World War I tempo, which the government constructed south of the Mall in 1919 between <a href="/wiki/14th_Street_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="14th Street (Washington, D.C.)">14th Street</a> SW and the Tidal Basin as the Liberty Loan Building, remained standing in 2019 while housing the Treasury Department's <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_the_Fiscal_Service" title="Bureau of the Fiscal Service">Bureau of the Fiscal Service</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-warbuildings-79">[79]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WWIINavyBuildingsFromMonument.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/WWIINavyBuildingsFromMonument.jpg/240px-WWIINavyBuildingsFromMonument.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="188" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5812" data-file-height="4542"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 188px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/WWIINavyBuildingsFromMonument.jpg/240px-WWIINavyBuildingsFromMonument.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="188" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/WWIINavyBuildingsFromMonument.jpg/360px-WWIINavyBuildingsFromMonument.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/WWIINavyBuildingsFromMonument.jpg/480px-WWIINavyBuildingsFromMonument.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Westward view from the top of the Washington Monument in 1943 or 1944 during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. In the foreground, temporary buildings on the Washington Monument grounds house the Navy's <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Ships" title="Bureau of Ships">Bureau of Ships</a>. The Main Navy and Munitions Buildings stand to the right of the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool. Temporary buildings to the left of the Reflecting Pool house the Navy's <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Supplies_and_Accounts" title="Bureau of Supplies and Accounts">Bureau of Supplies and Accounts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></figcaption></figure> In 1918, contractors for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Yards_and_Docks" title="Bureau of Yards and Docks">Bureau of Yards and Docks</a> constructed the <a href="/wiki/Main_Navy_and_Munitions_Buildings" title="Main Navy and Munitions Buildings">Main Navy and Munitions Buildings</a> along nearly a third of a mile of the south side of Constitution Avenue (then known as B Street), from 17th Street NW to 21st Street NW.<a href="#cite_note-warbuildings-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-main-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-navy1-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Although the Navy intended the buildings to provide temporary quarters for the United States military during World War I, the <a href="/wiki/Reinforced_concrete" title="Reinforced concrete">reinforced concrete</a> structures remained in place until 1970.<a href="#cite_note-warbuildings-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-main-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-navy1-82">[82]</a> After their demolition, much of their former sites became <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Gardens" title="Constitution Gardens">Constitution Gardens</a>, which was dedicated in 1976.<a href="#cite_note-navy1-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gardens-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_War_II">World War II</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: World War II" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> During World War II, the government constructed a larger set of temporary buildings on the Mall in the area of the former World War I tempos, along the south side of Constitution Avenue between 12th and 14th Streets NW, on the west side of the Washington Monument grounds, along the entire length of the south side of the Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool and between the Reflecting Pool and the Main Navy and Munition buildings on the Pool's north side. Numbers identified new buildings built on the Monument grounds, while letters identified the remainder. The government also built <a href="/wiki/Dormitory" title="Dormitory">dormitories, residence halls</a> and facilities for dining and recreation south of the eastern half of the Mall and within the part of West Potomac Park that lay south of the Mall's western half.<a href="#cite_note-map3-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> The government progressively demolished all of the World War II tempos beginning in 1964.<a href="#cite_note-warbuildings-79">[79]</a> After the government removed the Main Navy and Munitions buildings in 1970, much of their former sites became <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Gardens" title="Constitution Gardens">Constitution Gardens</a>, which was dedicated in 1976.<a href="#cite_note-navy1-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-warbuildings-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gardens-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_history">Later history</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Later history" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_the_Mall,_District_of_Columbia,_from_the_Washington_Monument_(3678166249).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/View_of_the_Mall%2C_District_of_Columbia%2C_from_the_Washington_Monument_%283678166249%29.jpg/240px-View_of_the_Mall%2C_District_of_Columbia%2C_from_the_Washington_Monument_%283678166249%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="192" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1227"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 192px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/View_of_the_Mall%2C_District_of_Columbia%2C_from_the_Washington_Monument_%283678166249%29.jpg/240px-View_of_the_Mall%2C_District_of_Columbia%2C_from_the_Washington_Monument_%283678166249%29.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="192" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/View_of_the_Mall%2C_District_of_Columbia%2C_from_the_Washington_Monument_%283678166249%29.jpg/360px-View_of_the_Mall%2C_District_of_Columbia%2C_from_the_Washington_Monument_%283678166249%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/View_of_the_Mall%2C_District_of_Columbia%2C_from_the_Washington_Monument_%283678166249%29.jpg/480px-View_of_the_Mall%2C_District_of_Columbia%2C_from_the_Washington_Monument_%283678166249%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Rows of young American elm trees on the National Mall, looking east from the top of the Washington Monument, circa 1942</figcaption></figure> The planting of <a href="/wiki/Ulmus_americana" title="Ulmus americana">American elm trees (Ulmus americana)</a> on the National Mall following the McMillan Plan started in the 1930s between 3rd and 14th Streets at the same time that <a href="/wiki/Dutch_elm_disease" title="Dutch elm disease">Dutch Elm Disease</a> (DED) began to appear in the United States. Concern was expressed about the impact that DED could have on these trees.<a href="#cite_note-elm-86">[86]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Lincoln_Memorial_from_top_of_Washington_Monument,_WashingtonDC,_USA_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/View_of_Lincoln_Memorial_from_top_of_Washington_Monument%2C_WashingtonDC%2C_USA_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-View_of_Lincoln_Memorial_from_top_of_Washington_Monument%2C_WashingtonDC%2C_USA_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="135" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="2777"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 135px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/View_of_Lincoln_Memorial_from_top_of_Washington_Monument%2C_WashingtonDC%2C_USA_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-View_of_Lincoln_Memorial_from_top_of_Washington_Monument%2C_WashingtonDC%2C_USA_-_panoramio.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="135" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/View_of_Lincoln_Memorial_from_top_of_Washington_Monument%2C_WashingtonDC%2C_USA_-_panoramio.jpg/360px-View_of_Lincoln_Memorial_from_top_of_Washington_Monument%2C_WashingtonDC%2C_USA_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/View_of_Lincoln_Memorial_from_top_of_Washington_Monument%2C_WashingtonDC%2C_USA_-_panoramio.jpg/480px-View_of_Lincoln_Memorial_from_top_of_Washington_Monument%2C_WashingtonDC%2C_USA_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>This view from the top of the Washington Monument shows rows of elm trees lining the Reflecting Pool (November 2014).</figcaption></figure> DED first appeared on the Mall during the 1950s and reached a peak in the 1970s. The NPS has used a number of methods to control this <a href="/wiki/Fungus" title="Fungus">fungal</a> epidemic, including <a href="/wiki/Sanitation" title="Sanitation">sanitation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pruning" title="Pruning">pruning</a>, injecting trees with <a href="/wiki/Fungicide" title="Fungicide">fungicide</a> and replanting with DED-resistant American elm cultivars (see <a href="/wiki/Ulmus_americana#Cultivars" title="Ulmus americana">Ulmus americana cultivars</a>). The NPS <a href="/wiki/Cloning" title="Cloning">cloned</a> one such cultivar (<a href="/wiki/Ulmus_americana_%27Jefferson%27" title="Ulmus americana 'Jefferson'">'Jefferson'</a>) from a DED-resistant tree growing near a path on the Mall in front of the Freer Gallery of Art, near the Smithsonian Institution Building ("The Castle").<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> The NPS has combated the disease's local insect <a href="/wiki/Vector_(epidemiology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vector (epidemiology)">vector</a>, the smaller European elm <a href="/wiki/Bark_beetle" title="Bark beetle">bark beetle</a> (<a href="/wiki/Scolytus_multistriatus" title="Scolytus multistriatus">Scolytus multistriatus</a>), by trapping and by spraying with <a href="/wiki/Insecticide" title="Insecticide">insecticides</a>. <a href="/wiki/Soil_compaction" title="Soil compaction">Soil compaction</a> and root damage by crowds and construction projects also adversely affect the elms.<a href="#cite_note-elm-86">[86]</a> On October 15, 1966, the NPS listed the National Mall on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> In 1981, the NPS prepared a National Register nomination form that documented the Mall's boundaries, features and historical significance.<a href="#cite_note-National_Register_Nomination_Form-6">[6]</a> From the 1970s to 1994, a <a href="/wiki/Fiberglass" title="Fiberglass">fiberglass</a> model of a <a href="/wiki/Triceratops" title="Triceratops">triceratops</a> named <a href="/wiki/Uncle_Beazley" title="Uncle Beazley">Uncle Beazley</a> stood on the Mall in front of the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="National Museum of Natural History">National Museum of Natural History</a>. The life-size statue, which is now located at the <a href="/wiki/National_Zoological_Park_(United_States)" title="National Zoological Park (United States)">National Zoological Park</a> (the National Zoo) in <a href="/wiki/Northwest,_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Northwest, Washington, D.C.">Northwest Washington, D.C.</a>, was donated to the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Oil_Corporation" title="Sinclair Oil Corporation">Sinclair Oil Corporation</a>. The statue, which <a href="/wiki/Louis_Paul_Jonas" title="Louis Paul Jonas">Louis Paul Jonas</a> created for Sinclair's DinoLand pavilion at the <a href="/wiki/1964_New_York_World%27s_Fair" title="1964 New York World's Fair">1964 New York World's Fair</a>, was named after a <a href="/wiki/Dinosaur" title="Dinosaur">dinosaur</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Butterworth_(writer)" title="Oliver Butterworth (writer)">Oliver Butterworth</a>'s 1956 children's book, The Enormous Egg, and the 1968 televised movie adaptation in which the statue appeared.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> In 2003, the <a href="/wiki/108th_United_States_Congress" title="108th United States Congress">108th United States Congress</a> enacted the <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_Works_Act#2003_amendments" title="Commemorative Works Act">Commemorative Works Clarification and Revision Act</a>. This Act prohibits the siting of new commemorative works and visitor centers in a designated reserve area within the cross-axis of the Mall.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WASNATMALL.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WASNATMALL.jpg/240px-WASNATMALL.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WASNATMALL.jpg/240px-WASNATMALL.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WASNATMALL.jpg/360px-WASNATMALL.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WASNATMALL.jpg/480px-WASNATMALL.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Looking east from the top of the Washington Monument towards the Mall and the U.S. Capitol, 2023</figcaption></figure> In October 2013, a two-week <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_government_shutdown_of_2013" class="mw-redirect" title="United States federal government shutdown of 2013">federal government shutdown</a> closed the National Mall and its museums and monuments.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> However, when a group of elderly veterans tried to enter the <a href="/wiki/National_World_War_II_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="National World War II Memorial">National World War II Memorial</a> during the shutdown's first day, the memorial's barricades were removed.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> The NPS subsequently announced that the veterans had a legal right to be in the memorial and would not be barred in the future.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> During the shutdown's second week, the NPS permitted an immigration rally and concert to take place on the Mall.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> On December 8, 2016, the NPS listed on the National Register of Historic Places an increase in the National Mall <a href="/wiki/Historic_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Historic districts in the United States">Historic District</a>'s boundary to encompass an area bounded by 3rd Street, NW/SW, Independence Avenue, SW, Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW, the <a href="/wiki/CSX_Transportation" title="CSX Transportation">CSX Railroad</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Potomac_River" title="Potomac River">Potomac River</a>, Constitution Avenue, NW, 17th Street, NW, the White House Grounds, and 15th Street, NW. The listing's registration form, which contained 232 pages, described and illustrated the history and features of the historic district's proposed expanded area.<a href="#cite_note-increase-2">[2]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Demolished_or_moved_structures">Demolished or moved structures</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Demolished or moved structures" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_City_Canal" title="Washington City Canal">Washington City Canal</a>, covered over by <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Avenue" title="Constitution Avenue">Constitution Avenue</a> NW, 3rd Street NW, and SW and Canal Street SW (now Washington Street SW)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_and_Potomac_Railroad_Station" title="Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Station">Baltimore and Potomac Railroad Station</a>, closed in 1907 when <a href="/wiki/Washington_Union_Station" title="Washington Union Station">Washington Union Station</a> opened</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture_Building" title="United States Department of Agriculture Building">United States Department of Agriculture Building</a>, demolished in 1930</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_Market,_Washington,_D.C." title="Center Market, Washington, D.C.">Center Market</a>, replaced in 1931 by the <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_Building" title="National Archives Building">National Archives Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armory_Square_Hospital" title="Armory Square Hospital">Armory Square Hospital</a>/Armory, replaced in 1976 by the <a href="/wiki/National_Air_and_Space_Museum" title="National Air and Space Museum">National Air and Space Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Medical_Museum_and_Library" title="Army Medical Museum and Library">Army Medical Museum and Library</a>, demolished in 1968; replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Hirshhorn_Museum_and_Sculpture_Garden" title="Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden">Hirshhorn Museum</a></li> <li>Temporary <a href="/wiki/Main_Navy_and_Munitions_Buildings" title="Main Navy and Munitions Buildings">Main Navy and Munitions Buildings</a>, built in 1918, demolished in 1970; replaced by <a href="/wiki/Constitution_Gardens" title="Constitution Gardens">Constitution Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Beazley" title="Uncle Beazley">Uncle Beazley</a>, moved in 1994 to the <a href="/wiki/National_Zoological_Park_(United_States)" title="National Zoological Park (United States)">National Zoo</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Usage" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> In combination with the other attractions in the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Metropolitan Area">Washington Metropolitan Area</a>, the National Mall makes the nation's capital city one of the most popular tourist destinations in the country. It has several other uses in addition to serving as a tourist focal point. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Protests_and_rallies">Protests and rallies</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Protests and rallies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_rallies_and_protest_marches_in_Washington,_D.C." title="List of rallies and protest marches in Washington, D.C.">List of rallies and protest marches in Washington, D.C.</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_Crowd_at_1963_March_on_Washington.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/View_of_Crowd_at_1963_March_on_Washington.jpg/240px-View_of_Crowd_at_1963_March_on_Washington.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="187" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="588" data-file-height="458"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 187px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/View_of_Crowd_at_1963_March_on_Washington.jpg/240px-View_of_Crowd_at_1963_March_on_Washington.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="187" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/View_of_Crowd_at_1963_March_on_Washington.jpg/360px-View_of_Crowd_at_1963_March_on_Washington.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/View_of_Crowd_at_1963_March_on_Washington.jpg/480px-View_of_Crowd_at_1963_March_on_Washington.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>1963 <a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_Freedom" title="March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom">March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</a> on the National Mall facing east from the Lincoln Memorial</figcaption></figure> The National Mall's status as a vast, open expanse at the heart of the capital makes it an attractive site for protests and rallies of all types. One notable example was the 1963 <a href="/wiki/March_on_Washington_for_Jobs_and_Freedom" title="March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom">March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Demonstration_(people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Demonstration (people)">political rally</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Rights Movement">Civil Rights Movement</a>, at which <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a> delivered his speech "<a href="/wiki/I_Have_a_Dream" title="I Have a Dream">I Have a Dream</a>". The largest officially recorded rally was the <a href="/wiki/Moratorium_to_End_the_War_in_Vietnam" title="Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam">Vietnam War Moratorium Rally</a> on October 15, 1969. However, in 1995, the NPS issued a crowd estimate for the <a href="/wiki/Million_Man_March" title="Million Man March">Million Man March</a> with which an organizer of the event, <a href="/wiki/Nation_of_Islam" title="Nation of Islam">Nation of Islam</a> leader <a href="/wiki/Louis_Farrakhan" title="Louis Farrakhan">Louis Farrakhan</a>, disagreed.<a href="#cite_note-Leef-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nukols-96">[96]</a> The next year, a committee of the <a href="/wiki/104th_United_States_Congress" title="104th United States Congress">104th United States Congress</a> provided no funds for NPS crowd-counting activities in Washington, D.C., when it prepared legislation making 1997 appropriations for the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of the Interior">U.S. Department of the Interior</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Leef-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> As a result, the NPS has not provided any official crowd size estimates for Mall events since 1995.<a href="#cite_note-Leef-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nukols-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> The absence of such an official estimate fueled a political controversy following the presidential inauguration of <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> in 2017 (see: <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="First inauguration of Donald Trump">Inauguration of Donald Trump crowd size</a>).<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> On April 25, 2004, the <a href="/wiki/March_for_Women%27s_Lives" class="mw-redirect" title="March for Women's Lives">March for Women's Lives</a> filled the Mall.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> On January 27, 2007, tens of thousands of protesters <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_the_Iraq_War" title="Opposition to the Iraq War">opposed to the Iraq War</a> converged on the Mall (see: <a href="/wiki/January_27,_2007_anti-war_protest" class="mw-redirect" title="January 27, 2007 anti-war protest">January 27, 2007 anti-war protest</a>), drawing comparisons by participants to the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> protest.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a><div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> On June 12, 2018, the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Washington_Capitals" title="Washington Capitals">Washington Capitals</a> staged a rally on the Mall after parading through the city to celebrate the franchise's first <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cup" title="Stanley Cup">Stanley Cup</a> <a href="/wiki/2018_Stanley_Cup_Finals" title="2018 Stanley Cup Finals">championship victory</a>. Tens of thousands of fans reportedly joined the beer-soaked event.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidential_inaugurations">Presidential inaugurations</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Presidential inaugurations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_inauguration" title="United States presidential inauguration">United States presidential inauguration</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Obama_inaugural_address.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Obama_inaugural_address.jpg/260px-Obama_inaugural_address.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 173px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Obama_inaugural_address.jpg/260px-Obama_inaugural_address.jpg" data-width="260" data-height="173" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Obama_inaugural_address.jpg/390px-Obama_inaugural_address.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Obama_inaugural_address.jpg/520px-Obama_inaugural_address.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">first inauguration of Barack Obama</a> on January 20, 2009, facing west from the Capitol</figcaption></figure> The American presidential inauguration is a momentous occasion that symbolizes the peaceful transfer of power and the beginning of a new chapter in the nation's leadership. Held at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., the inauguration draws people from across the country and the world to witness this historic event. The Capitol, with its majestic dome and iconic architecture, serves as the backdrop for the ceremony. The Mall, stretching from the Capitol to the Lincoln Memorial, becomes the gathering place for thousands of spectators who come to witness the swearing-in of the President and Vice President of the United States. Days leading up to the inauguration are filled with anticipation and preparation. Security measures are heightened to ensure the safety of attendees and dignitaries. The National Mall, usually bustling with tourists and locals, transforms into a sea of spectators, eagerly awaiting the moment when the President-elect takes the oath of office. During <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_inauguration" title="United States presidential inauguration">presidential inaugurations</a>, people without official tickets gather at the National Mall. Normally, the Mall between <a href="/wiki/7th_Street_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="7th Street (Washington, D.C.)">7th</a> and 14th Streets NW is used as a staging ground for the parade.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> On December 4, 2008, the Presidential Inaugural Committee (see: <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_inauguration#Organizers" title="United States presidential inauguration">United States presidential inauguration organizers</a>) announced, "for the first time, the entire length of the National Mall will be opened to the public so that more people than ever before will be able to witness the swearing-in of the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president</a> from a vantage point in sight of the Capitol."<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> The committee made this arrangement because of the massive attendance – projected to be as many as 2 million people – that it expected for the <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">first inauguration of Barack Obama</a> on January 20, 2009. Despite the arrangement, a throng of people seeking access to the event climbed and then removed temporary protective fences around the Smithsonian's Mary Livingston Ripley Garden, six blocks from the site at which Obama took his inaugural oath. Hordes then trampled the garden's vegetation and elevated plant beds when entering and leaving the event.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Others could not find a way to enter the Mall in time to view the ceremony. More than a thousand people with purple tickets missed the event while being stranded in the <a href="/wiki/Interstate_395_(District_of_Columbia-Virginia)#Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Interstate 395 (District of Columbia-Virginia)">I-395 Third Street Tunnel</a> beneath the Mall after police directed them there (see <a href="/wiki/Purple_Tunnel_of_Doom" title="Purple Tunnel of Doom">Purple Tunnel of Doom</a>).<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> <a href="/wiki/Terrance_W._Gainer" title="Terrance W. Gainer">Terrance W. Gainer</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sergeant_at_Arms_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate">Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate</a>, stated that it appeared that the stranding had occurred because there were more bulky people in coats than the event's purple section could accommodate.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress_Joint_Committee_on_Inaugural_Ceremonies" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Congress Joint Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies">Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies</a> subsequently announced that ticket holders that were not admitted would receive copies of the swearing-in invitation and program, photos of <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Obama</a> and Vice President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, and a color print of the ceremony.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_events_and_recreational_activities">Other events and recreational activities</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Other events and recreational activities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The National Mall has long served as a spot for jogging, picnics, and light recreation for the <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Demographics of Washington, D.C.">Washington population</a>. The Smithsonian Carousel, located on the Mall in front of the Arts and Industry Building, is a popular attraction. The <a href="/wiki/Allan_Herschell_Company" title="Allan Herschell Company">Allan Herschell Company</a> built the <a href="/wiki/Carousel" title="Carousel">carousel</a>, which arrived at <a href="/wiki/Gwynn_Oak_Park" title="Gwynn Oak Park">Gwynn Oak Park</a> near <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, in 1947. The carousel was moved to the Mall in 1981 and now operates seasonally.<a href="#cite_note-Smithsonian_carousel-11">[11]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Annual_events">Annual events</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Annual events" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> A number of large free events recur annually on the Mall.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> A <a href="/wiki/List_of_kite_festivals" title="List of kite festivals">kite festival</a>, formerly named the "Smithsonian Kite Festival" and now named the "<a href="/wiki/Blossom_Kite_Festival" title="Blossom Kite Festival">Blossom Kite Festival</a>", usually takes place each year on the Washington Monument grounds during the last weekend of March as part of the <a href="/wiki/National_Cherry_Blossom_Festival" title="National Cherry Blossom Festival">National Cherry Blossom Festival</a>. The event's organizers cancelled the 2020 kite festival, which they had earlier scheduled to take place on the Washington Monument grounds on Saturday, March 28, because of concerns related the ongoing <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">coronavirus pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> An <a href="/wiki/Earth_Day" title="Earth Day">Earth Day</a> celebration often takes place on the Mall around April 22.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> A week-long series of rallies, exhibits, observances and performances occurred on the Mall from April 17 to April 25, 2010, to commemorate Earth Day's 40th anniversary.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> The final day's events featured performances by <a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mavis_Staples" title="Mavis Staples">Mavis Staples</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Roots" title="The Roots">the Roots</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Legend" title="John Legend">John Legend</a> and others.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fourth_of_July_Washington_D.C._Washington_Monument_National_Mall_(52194788907).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Fourth_of_July_Washington_D.C._Washington_Monument_National_Mall_%2852194788907%29.jpg/330px-Fourth_of_July_Washington_D.C._Washington_Monument_National_Mall_%2852194788907%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="959"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 330px;height: 176px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Fourth_of_July_Washington_D.C._Washington_Monument_National_Mall_%2852194788907%29.jpg/330px-Fourth_of_July_Washington_D.C._Washington_Monument_National_Mall_%2852194788907%29.jpg" data-width="330" data-height="176" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Fourth_of_July_Washington_D.C._Washington_Monument_National_Mall_%2852194788907%29.jpg/495px-Fourth_of_July_Washington_D.C._Washington_Monument_National_Mall_%2852194788907%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Fourth_of_July_Washington_D.C._Washington_Monument_National_Mall_%2852194788907%29.jpg/660px-Fourth_of_July_Washington_D.C._Washington_Monument_National_Mall_%2852194788907%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">Independence Day</a> fireworks display on the National Mall, July 4, 2022</figcaption></figure> The 2012 Earth Day rally, which featured music, entertainment, celebrity speakers and environmental activities, took place on the Mall during a rainy day on Sunday, April 22. <a href="/wiki/Cheap_Trick" title="Cheap Trick">Cheap Trick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Mason" title="Dave Mason">Dave Mason</a>, Kicking Daisies, Sting, John Legend, <a href="/wiki/Joss_Stone" title="Joss Stone">Joss Stone</a>, the Roots, Mavis Staples, <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Cliff" title="Jimmy Cliff">Jimmy Cliff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Weir" title="Bob Weir">Bob Weir</a> and <a href="/wiki/Explorers_Club_(band)" title="Explorers Club (band)">the Explorers Club</a> performed and Congressmen <a href="/wiki/John_Dingell" title="John Dingell">John Dingell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Markey" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Markey">Edward Markey</a> spoke.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> In 2013, an "Earth Month" at <a href="/wiki/Washington_Union_Station" title="Washington Union Station">Washington Union Station</a> replaced the Mall's Earth Day event.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> On April 19, 2015, a "<a href="/wiki/Global_citizenship" title="Global citizenship">Global Citizen</a>" Earth Day concert featured performances on the Washington Monument grounds by <a href="/wiki/Usher_(entertainer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Usher (entertainer)">Usher</a>, <a href="/wiki/My_Morning_Jacket" title="My Morning Jacket">My Morning Jacket</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_J._Blige" title="Mary J. Blige">Mary J. Blige</a>, <a href="/wiki/Train_(band)" title="Train (band)">Train</a> and <a href="/wiki/No_Doubt" title="No Doubt">No Doubt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Symphony_Orchestra_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Symphony Orchestra (United States)">National Symphony Orchestra</a> presents each year its <a href="/wiki/National_Memorial_Day_Concert" title="National Memorial Day Concert">National Memorial Day Concert</a> on the west lawn of the United States Capitol during the evening of the Sunday before <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Memorial Day</a> (the last Monday of May).<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> The National Gallery of Art hosts a Jazz in the Garden series each year in the museum's Sculpture Garden on Friday evenings from late May through August.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Components of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Band" title="United States Navy Band">United States Navy Band</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force_Band" title="United States Air Force Band">United States Air Force Band</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Band" title="United States Marine Band">United States Marine Band</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Band" title="United States Army Band">United States Army Band</a> perform on the west steps of the United States Capitol on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday evenings, respectively, during June, July and August.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-Marine_Band-120">[120]</a> The Marine Band repeats each Wednesday Capitol performance on the following evening (Thursday) at the Sylvan Theater on the grounds of the Washington Monument.<a href="#cite_note-Marine_Band-120">[120]</a> Components of U.S. military bands also provide evening concerts at the World War II Memorial from May through August.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Folklife_Festival" title="Smithsonian Folklife Festival">Smithsonian Folklife Festival</a> takes place on the Mall each year for two weeks around <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">Independence Day</a> (July 4).<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> On that holiday, the <a href="/wiki/A_Capitol_Fourth" title="A Capitol Fourth">A Capitol Fourth</a> concert takes place in the late afternoon and early evening on the west lawn of the Capitol.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> This and other Independence Day celebrations on and near the Mall end after sunset with a <a href="/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks">fireworks</a> display between the Washington Monument and the Lincoln Memorial.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> The National Symphony Orchestra presents each year its Labor Day Capitol Concert on the west lawn of the United States Capitol during the evening of the Sunday before <a href="/wiki/Labor_Day" title="Labor Day">Labor Day</a> (the first Monday of September).<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_events">Other events</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Other events" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MarianAndersonLincolnMemorial.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/MarianAndersonLincolnMemorial.png/240px-MarianAndersonLincolnMemorial.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="187" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="462"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 187px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/MarianAndersonLincolnMemorial.png/240px-MarianAndersonLincolnMemorial.png" data-width="240" data-height="187" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/MarianAndersonLincolnMemorial.png/360px-MarianAndersonLincolnMemorial.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/MarianAndersonLincolnMemorial.png/480px-MarianAndersonLincolnMemorial.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The April 9, 1939, concert by <a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a>, facing east from the Lincoln Memorial</figcaption></figure> On April 9, 1939, singer <a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a> gave an <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a> Sunday concert at the Lincoln Memorial after the <a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_the_American_Revolution" title="Daughters of the American Revolution">Daughters of the American Revolution</a> (DAR) denied a request by <a href="/wiki/Howard_University" title="Howard University">Howard University</a> for her to give an Easter performance at the DAR's nearby <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the_United_States" title="Racial segregation in the United States">racially segregated</a> <a href="/wiki/DAR_Constitution_Hall" title="DAR Constitution Hall">Constitution Hall</a> (see: <a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson#1939_Lincoln_Memorial_concert" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson's 1939 Lincoln Memorial concert</a>). The event, which 75,000 people attended, occurred after President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> gave his assent for the performance.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> The 1976 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bicentennial" title="United States Bicentennial">United States Bicentennial</a> celebration provided the motivation for planning to accommodate large numbers of expected visitors to the National Mall. A number of major memorials were added to the Mall throughout that period.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> On May 21, 1976, Constitution Gardens was dedicated.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> On July 1, the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum opened.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> On July 4, the Bicentennial fireworks display on the Mall attracted one million viewers, making it second only to the <a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Second inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson">1965 presidential inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson</a> as the largest event in the Mall's history up to that time.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> On Sunday, October 9, 1979, <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">Pope John Paul II</a> celebrated <a href="/wiki/Mass_(liturgy)" title="Mass (liturgy)">Mass</a> on the National Mall during a visit to Washington.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> The celebration took place after an <a href="/wiki/Appellate_court" title="Appellate court">appellate court</a> denied a motion for an <a href="/wiki/Injunction" title="Injunction">injunction</a> that <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">atheists</a> <a href="/wiki/Madalyn_Murray_O%27Hair" title="Madalyn Murray O'Hair">Madalyn Murray O'Hair</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jon_Garth_Murray" title="Jon Garth Murray">Jon Garth Murray</a> had filed to prevent the event from occurring.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> From 1980 through 1982, <a href="/wiki/The_Beach_Boys" title="The Beach Boys">the Beach Boys</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Grass_Roots" title="The Grass Roots">the Grass Roots</a> performed Independence Day concerts on the Mall, attracting large crowds.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-McCombs-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> However, in April 1983, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a> <a href="/wiki/James_G._Watt" title="James G. Watt">James G. Watt</a>, banned Independence Day concerts on the Mall by such groups. Watt said that "<a href="/wiki/Rock_band" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock band">rock bands</a>" that had performed on the Mall on Independence Day in 1981 and 1982 had encouraged drug use and alcoholism and had attracted "the wrong element", who would <a href="/wiki/Robbery" title="Robbery">mug</a> individuals and families attending any similar events in the future.<a href="#cite_note-McCombs-136">[136]</a> Watt then announced that <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a> crooner <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Newton" title="Wayne Newton">Wayne Newton</a>, a friend and supporter of <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan" title="Presidency of Ronald Reagan">President Ronald Reagan</a> and a contributor to <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> political campaigns, would perform at the Mall's 1983 Independence Day celebration.<a href="#cite_note-McCombs-136">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> During the ensuing uproar, <a href="/wiki/Rob_Grill" title="Rob Grill">Rob Grill</a>, lead singer of the Grass Roots, stated that he felt "highly insulted" by Watt's remarks, which he called "nothing but un-American".<a href="#cite_note-McCombs-136">[136]</a> The Beach Boys stated that the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, which had invited them to perform in <a href="/wiki/Leningrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Leningrad">Leningrad</a> in 1978, "obviously .... did not feel that the group attracted the wrong element".<a href="#cite_note-McCombs-136">[136]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> said of the Beach Boys, "They're my friends and I like their music".<a href="#cite_note-McCombs-136">[136]</a> On July 3, 1983, thousands attended a heavily policed "Rock Against Reagan" concert that the <a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">hardcore punk rock</a> band, <a href="/wiki/Dead_Kennedys" title="Dead Kennedys">Dead Kennedys</a>, performed on the Mall in response to Watt's action.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> When Newton entered an Independence Day stage on the Mall on July 4, members of his audience <a href="/wiki/Booing" title="Booing">booed</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gettysburg-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Watt apologized to the Beach Boys, <a href="/wiki/First_Lady_of_the_United_States" title="First Lady of the United States">First Lady</a> <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Reagan" title="Nancy Reagan">Nancy Reagan</a> apologized for Watt, and in 1984 the Beach Boys gave an Independence Day concert on the Mall to an audience of 750,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-Gettysburg-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Britney_Spears_Navy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Britney_Spears_Navy.jpg/220px-Britney_Spears_Navy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1198"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 231px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Britney_Spears_Navy.jpg/220px-Britney_Spears_Navy.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="231" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Britney_Spears_Navy.jpg/330px-Britney_Spears_Navy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Britney_Spears_Navy.jpg/440px-Britney_Spears_Navy.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a> performs during the "NFL Kickoff Live from the National Mall Presented by Pepsi Vanilla" concert, September 4, 2003</figcaption></figure> On September 4, 2003, <a href="/wiki/Britney_Spears" title="Britney Spears">Britney Spears</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_J._Blige" title="Mary J. Blige">Mary J. Blige</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aerosmith" title="Aerosmith">Aerosmith</a> and others performed in a nationally televised "NFL Kickoff Live from the National Mall Presented by <a href="/wiki/List_of_Pepsi_variations#Sodas" title="List of Pepsi variations">Pepsi Vanilla</a>" (see: <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League_Kickoff_game#Pre-game_concerts" class="mw-redirect" title="National Football League Kickoff game">Pre-game concerts for National Football League kickoff game</a>).<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> Preceded by a three-day <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> "interactive <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl" title="Super Bowl">Super Bowl</a> theme park", the event had primarily commercial purposes, unlike earlier major activities on the Mall. Three weeks later, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> overwhelmingly passed legislation that, when enacted into law, limited displays of commercial sponsorship on the Mall.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> On July 7, 2007, one leg of <a href="/wiki/Live_Earth_concert,_Washington,_D.C." title="Live Earth concert, Washington, D.C.">Live Earth</a> was held outdoors at the National Museum of the American Indian on the Mall. Former <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> presented, and artists such as <a href="/wiki/Garth_Brooks" title="Garth Brooks">Garth Brooks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trisha_Yearwood" title="Trisha Yearwood">Trisha Yearwood</a> performed.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> Occurring once every two to three years on the Mall in the early fall from 2002 to 2009,<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Solar_Decathlon" title="Solar Decathlon">U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon</a> displayed <a href="/wiki/Solar_energy" title="Solar energy">solar-powered</a> houses that competitive collegiate teams designed, constructed and operated.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-decathlon1-148">[148]</a> Igniting a controversy, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Energy" title="United States Department of Energy">Department of Energy</a> (DOE) decided to move the 2011 Decathlon off the Mall, claiming that this would support an effort to protect, improve and restore the park.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Federal officials stated that heavy equipment that had placed two-story houses on the Mall during earlier Decathlons had cracked walkways and killed grass to a greater extent than had most other Mall events.<a href="#cite_note-Decathlon1-150">[150]</a> On February 4, 2011, a <a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a> editorial criticized attempts to have President Obama restore the Decathlon to the Mall.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> Nevertheless, by February 12, 2011, at least thirteen <a href="/wiki/Members_of_the_111th_United_States_Congress" title="Members of the 111th United States Congress">U.S. senators</a> had signed a letter asking the DOE to reconsider its decision.<a href="#cite_note-Decathlon1-150">[150]</a> On February 23, 2011, the DOE and the Department of the Interior announced that the 2011 Solar Decathlon would take place along <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Drive_(Washington,_D.C.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ohio Drive (Washington, D.C.)">Ohio Drive</a> southeast of the Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial in West Potomac Park.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> The event took place in the Park from September 23 through October 2, 2011.<a href="#cite_note-decathlon1-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> The 2013 Decathlon took place in <a href="/wiki/Irvine,_California" title="Irvine, California">Irvine, California</a>, instead of Washington.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> From 2003 to 2013, the <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Festival" title="National Book Festival">National Book Festival</a> took place on the Mall each year in late September or early October.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> However, the event moved to the <a href="/wiki/Walter_E._Washington_Convention_Center" title="Walter E. Washington Convention Center">Walter E. Washington Convention Center</a> in 2014 because the NPS became concerned about the damage that pedestrians had inflicted on the Mall's lawn during previous Festivals.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> A four-day exhibition took place each year on the Mall during <a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Public_Service#Public_Service_Recognition_Week" title="Partnership for Public Service">Public Service Recognition Week</a> (the first full week of May) until 2010. Government agencies participating in the event sponsored exhibits that displayed the works of public employees and that enabled visitors to learn about government programs and initiatives, discuss employee benefits, and interact with agency representatives.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> However, the <a href="/wiki/2011_United_States_federal_budget" title="2011 United States federal budget">2011 United States federal budget</a> (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Public_Law_112-10" class="extiw" title="s:Public Law 112-10">Public Law 112-10</a>), which was belatedly enacted on April 15, 2011, contained no funding for that year's event, forcing the event's cancellation.<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> The event did not take place in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> On June 12, 2010, <a href="/wiki/Tareq_Salahi" title="Tareq Salahi">Tareq</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michaele_Salahi" title="Michaele Salahi">Michaele Salahi</a>, a couple under investigation for allegedly <a href="/wiki/Gate-crashing" class="mw-redirect" title="Gate-crashing">crashing</a> a White House <a href="/wiki/State_dinner" class="mw-redirect" title="State dinner">state dinner</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">prime minister of India</a> in November 2009 (see: <a href="/wiki/2009_U.S._state_dinner_security_breaches" title="2009 U.S. state dinner security breaches">2009 U.S. state dinner security breaches</a>), hosted an <a href="/wiki/America%27s_Polo_Cup" title="America's Polo Cup">America's Polo Cup</a> match between the United States and <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> on the Mall, charging $95 per person for admission.<a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post1-160">[160]</a> A spokesman for the <a href="/wiki/Embassy_of_India,_Washington,_D.C." title="Embassy of India, Washington, D.C.">Embassy of India</a> stated that neither the Embassy nor the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">government of India</a> had any association with the event.<a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post1-160">[160]</a> Reports of the event stated that the players who represented India were actually of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistani</a> origin and were from <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Veterans_Day_concert_on_the_National_Mall_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Veterans_Day_concert_on_the_National_Mall_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg/260px-Veterans_Day_concert_on_the_National_Mall_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="3200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 173px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Veterans_Day_concert_on_the_National_Mall_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg/260px-Veterans_Day_concert_on_the_National_Mall_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg" data-width="260" data-height="173" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Veterans_Day_concert_on_the_National_Mall_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg/390px-Veterans_Day_concert_on_the_National_Mall_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Veterans_Day_concert_on_the_National_Mall_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg/520px-Veterans_Day_concert_on_the_National_Mall_photo_D_Ramey_Logan.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The Concert for Valor on the National Mall on November 11, 2014, looking west from the U.S. Capitol grounds</figcaption></figure> The inaugural <a href="/wiki/USA_Science_and_Engineering_Festival" title="USA Science and Engineering Festival">USA Science and Engineering Festival Expo</a> took place on the National Mall and surrounding areas on October 23 and 24, 2010. More than 1,500 free interactive exhibits reportedly drew about 500,000 people to the event,<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> which had over 75 performances.<a href="#cite_note-expo-163">[163]</a> The second Expo took place on April 28–29, 2012, in the Walter E. Washington Convention Center.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> On <a href="/wiki/Veterans_Day" title="Veterans Day">Veterans Day</a>, November 11, 2014, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eminem" title="Eminem">Eminem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rihanna" title="Rihanna">Rihanna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica">Metallica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Underwood" title="Carrie Underwood">Carrie Underwood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Grohl" title="Dave Grohl">Dave Grohl</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Zac_Brown_Band" title="Zac Brown Band">Zac Brown Band</a> and other pop entertainers performed on the Mall during a free evening <a href="/wiki/The_Concert_for_Valor" title="The Concert for Valor">Concert for Valor</a> honoring veterans and their families. Attendance was in the hundreds of thousands, making it one of the biggest events on the Mall for the year.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> The annual <a href="/wiki/Screen_on_the_Green_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Screen on the Green (Washington, D.C.)">Screen on the Green</a> movie festival took place on the Mall on Monday nights during July and August for 17 years until 2015. Free classic movies were projected on large portable screens and typically drew crowds of thousands of people. Organizers cancelled the event in 2016 when the event's sponsors (<a href="/wiki/HBO" title="HBO">HBO</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a>) terminated their support, stating that they needed their resources for other projects.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> During October 2020, artist Suzanne Brennan Firstenberg installed 267,080 white flags within a 4 acres (1.6 ha) site at the <a href="/wiki/D.C._Armory" title="D.C. Armory">D.C. Armory</a> Parade Grounds near Washington's <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy_Memorial_Stadium" title="Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium">Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium</a> to temporarily memorialize the lives lost in the United States during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> She recreated her memorial on the Washington Monument grounds during September 2021 when covering for three weeks a 20 acres (8.1 ha) area with 700,000 white flags.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> From September 29, 2023, until October 1, 2023, the National Mall hosted the third global <a href="/wiki/World_Culture_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="World Culture Festival">World Culture Festival</a>, featuring performances from around the world and speeches from global leaders.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Improvements_and_future_plans">Improvements and future plans</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Improvements and future plans" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Mall_Plan">National Mall Plan</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: National Mall Plan" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> From 2006 through 2010, the NPS conducted a public process that created a plan for the future of the National Mall.<a href="#cite_note-Summary-27">[27]</a> On July 13, 2010, the NPS issued in the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Register" title="Federal Register">Federal Register</a> a notice of availability of a final <a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_statement" title="Environmental impact statement">environmental impact statement</a> (EIS) for the National Mall Plan.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> The two-volume final EIS responded to comments and incorporated changes to a draft EIS for the Plan.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Sylvan_Theater.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/National_Sylvan_Theater.JPG/240px-National_Sylvan_Theater.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/National_Sylvan_Theater.JPG/240px-National_Sylvan_Theater.JPG" data-width="240" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/National_Sylvan_Theater.JPG/360px-National_Sylvan_Theater.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/National_Sylvan_Theater.JPG/480px-National_Sylvan_Theater.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/National_Sylvan_Theater" title="National Sylvan Theater">Sylvan Theater</a> in 2011</figcaption></figure> On November 9, 2010, the NPS and the Department of the Interior issued a <a href="/wiki/Record_of_Decision" class="mw-redirect" title="Record of Decision">Record of Decision</a> (ROD) that completed the planning process.<a href="#cite_note-Summary-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-AP-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-Post-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-Examiner-174">[174]</a> The ROD contains a summary of the selected alternative, which is the basis for the Plan, together with mitigation measures developed to minimize environmental harm; other alternatives considered; the basis for the decision in terms of planning objectives and the criteria used to develop the preferred alternative; a finding of no impairment of park resources and values; the environmentally preferable alternative; and the public and agency involvement.<a href="#cite_note-ROD-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a> The Plan proposed several changes to the Mall. The NPS would construct a vast expanse of paved surface in Union Square at the east end of the Mall to accommodate demonstrations and other events by reducing the size of the Capitol Reflecting Pool or by replacing the pool with a fountain or other minor water feature. Additional proposed changes included the replacement of the Sylvan Theater on the Washington Monument grounds with a facility containing offices, restaurants, and restrooms, as well as the replacement of an open space near the east end of Constitution Gardens with a multipurpose visitor facility containing food service, retail, and restrooms.<a href="#cite_note-Summary-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-AP-172">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-Post-173">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-Examiner-174">[174]</a> On December 2, 2010, the <a href="/wiki/National_Capital_Planning_Commission" title="National Capital Planning Commission">National Capital Planning Commission</a> (NCPC) unanimously approved the final National Mall Plan at a public hearing.<a href="#cite_note-NCPC-177">[177]</a> The NCPC's approval allowed the NPS to move forward with implementation of the Plan's recommendations.<a href="#cite_note-Summary-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Examiner-174">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-ROD-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-NCPC-177">[177]</a> On March 1, 2012, the NCPC discussed a proposal that, when implemented, reduced the Mall's green space by widening and paving most of the north–south walkways that cross the Mall between Seventh and Fourteenth Streets. The project also replaced with gravel large areas of grass that were located near the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_(WMATA_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian (WMATA station)">Smithsonian Metro Station</a> and the National Gallery of Art's Sculpture Garden.<a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Constitution_Gardens_at_National_Mall_%26_Memorial_Parks_(673ac0ac-cb92-4585-a0b7-d71e1d3cbdec).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Constitution_Gardens_at_National_Mall_%26_Memorial_Parks_%28673ac0ac-cb92-4585-a0b7-d71e1d3cbdec%29.jpg/240px-Constitution_Gardens_at_National_Mall_%26_Memorial_Parks_%28673ac0ac-cb92-4585-a0b7-d71e1d3cbdec%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3206" data-file-height="2405"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Constitution_Gardens_at_National_Mall_%26_Memorial_Parks_%28673ac0ac-cb92-4585-a0b7-d71e1d3cbdec%29.jpg/240px-Constitution_Gardens_at_National_Mall_%26_Memorial_Parks_%28673ac0ac-cb92-4585-a0b7-d71e1d3cbdec%29.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Constitution_Gardens_at_National_Mall_%26_Memorial_Parks_%28673ac0ac-cb92-4585-a0b7-d71e1d3cbdec%29.jpg/360px-Constitution_Gardens_at_National_Mall_%26_Memorial_Parks_%28673ac0ac-cb92-4585-a0b7-d71e1d3cbdec%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Constitution_Gardens_at_National_Mall_%26_Memorial_Parks_%28673ac0ac-cb92-4585-a0b7-d71e1d3cbdec%29.jpg/480px-Constitution_Gardens_at_National_Mall_%26_Memorial_Parks_%28673ac0ac-cb92-4585-a0b7-d71e1d3cbdec%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Gardens" title="Constitution Gardens">Constitution Gardens</a> in 2016</figcaption></figure> On September 8, 2011, the Trust for the National Mall<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> and the NPS announced an open competition for a redesign of the spaces on the National Mall that Union Square, the Sylvan Theater grounds and the Constitution Gardens lake now occupy.<a href="#cite_note-design_competition-180">[180]</a> Former First Lady of the United States <a href="/wiki/Laura_Bush" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a> agreed to be the honorary co-chair of a drive to raise funds for the three projects.<a href="#cite_note-design_competition-180">[180]</a> On April 9, 2012, the Trust for the National Mall announced the ideas for the redesign of Union Square, the Sylvan Theater grounds and Constitution Gardens lake area that finalists in the competition had submitted. The Trust asked the public to submit <a href="/wiki/Online_and_offline" title="Online and offline">online</a> comments that the competition jury would consider when evaluating each design.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> The Trust announced the winners of the competition on May 2, 2012. Groundbreaking for the first project was expected to take place by 2014, with the first ribbon-cutting ceremony by 2016.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> The competition winners were as follows: <ul><li>Union Square: Gustafson Guthrie Nichol + Davis Brody Bond</li> <li>Sylvan Theater on the Washington Monument Grounds: OLIN + Weiss/Manfredi</li> <li>Constitution Gardens: Rogers Marvel Architects + Peter Walker and Partners</li></ul> On October 1, 2015, the NCPC approved the preliminary and final site and building plans that the NPS had submitted for the first phase rehabilitation of Constitution Gardens. Plans included the relocation and rehabilitation of the Lockkeeper's House, C & O Canal Extension, a new entry plaza at the corner of Constitution Avenue and 17th Street, NW, landscaping, a <a href="/wiki/Meadow" title="Meadow">meadow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pollinator" title="Pollinator">pollinator</a> habitat and a new perimeter garden wall. A temporary path would connect to an existing plaza located at the eastern end of Constitution Garden's lake.<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> The NPS began to implement the first phase rehabilitation of Constitution Gardens in 2017. A Park Service contractor moved the Lockkeeper's House, C & O Canal Extension, southward and westward away from Constitution Avenue, NW and 17th Street, NW while retaining the structure's east–west orientation.<a href="#cite_note-renovation-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a> The NPS restored the building's exterior to the conditions that had existed before the building was modified during 1915 and earlier years. The NPS also replaced the structure's brick chimneys, thus restoring the building to its original 1800s appearance. The building reopened temporarily in late August 2018 and permanently on September 13 of that year.<a href="#cite_note-Lockkeeper-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-renovation-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> The structure now serves in its new location as an NPS education center.<a href="#cite_note-Lockkeeper-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-renovation-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reconstruction_and_restoration">Reconstruction and restoration</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Reconstruction and restoration" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> From 2010 to 2012, NPS contractors rebuilt the aging Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool, which had first been constructed in the early 1920s and whose water had come from the pipes that supply Washington, D.C., with its drinking water. As a result of the project, the pool now receives filtered water from the Tidal Basin through a <a href="/wiki/High-density_polyethylene" title="High-density polyethylene">high-density polyethylene</a> (HDPE) pipeline.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> The NPS then began a four-year restoration of the portion of the central axis of the Mall that lies between 3rd Street and 14th Street.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> By 2016, the restoration project had completely replaced the deteriorated and weedy <a href="/wiki/Turf" class="mw-redirect" title="Turf">turf</a> that had previously covered much of that part of the Mall with a new cover containing <a href="/wiki/Soil" title="Soil">soil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Festuca" title="Festuca">fescue (Festuca)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Poa_pratensis" title="Poa pratensis">Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis)</a>.<a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:DC_23_1_(6633835613).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool before reconstruction (April 2010)"><noscript><img alt="Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool before reconstruction (April 2010)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/DC_23_1_%286633835613%29.jpg/240px-DC_23_1_%286633835613%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3624" data-file-height="2722"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/DC_23_1_%286633835613%29.jpg/240px-DC_23_1_%286633835613%29.jpg" data-alt="Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool before reconstruction (April 2010)" data-width="160" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/DC_23_1_%286633835613%29.jpg/360px-DC_23_1_%286633835613%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/DC_23_1_%286633835613%29.jpg/479px-DC_23_1_%286633835613%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool before reconstruction (April 2010)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 200.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 198.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pool after reconstruction (May 2016)"><noscript><img alt="Pool after reconstruction (May 2016)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg/298px-DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg" decoding="async" width="199" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4898" data-file-height="2960"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 199px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg/298px-DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg" data-alt="Pool after reconstruction (May 2016)" data-width="199" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg/447px-DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg/596px-DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pool after reconstruction (May 2016)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mall_construction_090658.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Axis undergoing restoration (October 2015)"><noscript><img alt="Axis undergoing restoration (October 2015)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Mall_construction_090658.jpg/240px-Mall_construction_090658.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3871" data-file-height="2903"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Mall_construction_090658.jpg/240px-Mall_construction_090658.jpg" data-alt="Axis undergoing restoration (October 2015)" data-width="160" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Mall_construction_090658.jpg/360px-Mall_construction_090658.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Mall_construction_090658.jpg/480px-Mall_construction_090658.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Axis undergoing restoration (October 2015)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Mall_in_DC.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Axis after restoration (September 2016)"><noscript><img alt="Axis after restoration (September 2016)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/National_Mall_in_DC.jpg/240px-National_Mall_in_DC.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 160px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/National_Mall_in_DC.jpg/240px-National_Mall_in_DC.jpg" data-alt="Axis after restoration (September 2016)" data-width="160" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/National_Mall_in_DC.jpg/360px-National_Mall_in_DC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/National_Mall_in_DC.jpg/480px-National_Mall_in_DC.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Axis after restoration (September 2016)</div> </li> </ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Transportation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Transportation in Washington, D.C.">Transportation in Washington, D.C.</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_transportation">Public transportation</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Public transportation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WMATA_Smithsonian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/WMATA_Smithsonian.jpg/240px-WMATA_Smithsonian.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/WMATA_Smithsonian.jpg/240px-WMATA_Smithsonian.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/WMATA_Smithsonian.jpg/360px-WMATA_Smithsonian.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/WMATA_Smithsonian.jpg/480px-WMATA_Smithsonian.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_(WMATA_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian (WMATA station)">Smithsonian station</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Metro" title="Washington Metro">Washington Metro</a> in 2021</figcaption></figure> The National Mall is accessible via the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Metro" title="Washington Metro">Washington Metro</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_(WMATA_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian (WMATA station)">Smithsonian station</a> located on the south side of the Mall, near the Smithsonian Institution Building between the Washington Monument and the United States Capitol.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Triangle_(WMATA_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Triangle (WMATA station)">Federal Triangle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archives_(WMATA_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Archives (WMATA station)">Archives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judiciary_Square_station" title="Judiciary Square station">Judiciary Square</a> and <a href="/wiki/Union_Station_(WMATA_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Station (WMATA station)">Union Station</a> Metro stations are also located near the Mall, to the north.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> The <a href="/wiki/L%27Enfant_Plaza_(WMATA_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Enfant Plaza (WMATA station)">L'Enfant Plaza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Center_SW_(WMATA_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Center SW (WMATA station)">Federal Center Southwest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Capitol_South_(WMATA_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitol South (WMATA station)">Capitol South</a> Metro stations are located several blocks south of the Mall.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> <a href="/wiki/Metrobus_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Metrobus (Washington, D.C.)">Metrobus</a> and the <a href="/wiki/DC_Circulator" title="DC Circulator">DC Circulator</a> make scheduled stops near the Mall.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bicycles">Bicycles</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Bicycles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The NPS provides parking facilities for <a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">bicycles</a> near each of the major memorials as well as along the National Mall.<a href="#cite_note-bicycle-193">[193]</a> From March to October, an NPS concessionaire rents out bicycles at the Thompson Boat Center, located near the intersection of <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Avenue" title="Virginia Avenue">Virginia Avenue</a> NW and <a href="/wiki/Rock_Creek_and_Potomac_Parkway" title="Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway">Rock Creek and Potomac Parkway</a>, 1 mile (1.6 km) north of the Lincoln Memorial along the Potomac River-Rock Creek Trail.<a href="#cite_note-bicycle-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> The first two of five approved <a href="/wiki/Capital_Bikeshare" title="Capital Bikeshare">Capital Bikeshare</a> stations opened on the National Mall on March 16, 2012, shortly before the start of the 2012 National Cherry Blossom Festival.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> The National Mall is the official midpoint of the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Greenway" title="East Coast Greenway">East Coast Greenway</a>, a 2,900 mile–long system of <a href="/wiki/Shared_use_path" class="mw-redirect" title="Shared use path">shared-use</a> <a href="/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure" title="Cycling infrastructure">bicycle trails</a> linking <a href="/wiki/Calais,_Maine" title="Calais, Maine">Calais, Maine</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Key_West" title="Key West">Key West</a>, Florida.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electric_scooters_and_Segways">Electric scooters and Segways</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Electric scooters and Segways" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The use of an <a href="/wiki/Electric_motorcycles_and_scooters" title="Electric motorcycles and scooters">electric scooter</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Segway" title="Segway">Segway</a> falls under the NPS definition of recreational use of a self-propelled vehicle. People without identified disabilities can only use such vehicles on park roadways. NPS rules, therefore, prohibit people without disabilities from using electric scooters and Segways on sidewalks and paths within the National Mall and its memorials.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-TripHacks-198">[198]</a> Several companies rent out electric scooters within the District of Columbia. However, the National Mall is outside of those companies' service areas. Some such companies, therefore, charge fines for people who end their rides on the Mall. Others do not allow people to end their trips until they have left the area.<a href="#cite_note-TripHacks-198">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pedicabs">Pedicabs</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Pedicabs" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The NPS licenses <a href="/wiki/Cycle_rickshaw" title="Cycle rickshaw">pedicab</a> drivers to provide transportation and tours of the National Mall through its Commercial Use Authorization program.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motor_vehicle_parking">Motor vehicle parking</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Motor vehicle parking" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Food_trucks_next_to_national_mall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Food_trucks_next_to_national_mall.jpg/240px-Food_trucks_next_to_national_mall.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Food_trucks_next_to_national_mall.jpg/240px-Food_trucks_next_to_national_mall.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Food_trucks_next_to_national_mall.jpg/360px-Food_trucks_next_to_national_mall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Food_trucks_next_to_national_mall.jpg/480px-Food_trucks_next_to_national_mall.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Due to limited dining options on the Mall, food trucks are often parked next to tourist-dense locations.</figcaption></figure> General visitor parking is available along Ohio Drive SW, between the Lincoln and <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial" title="Jefferson Memorial">Thomas Jefferson Memorials</a>. Bus parking is available primarily along Ohio Drive, SW, near the Lincoln and <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial" title="Jefferson Memorial">Thomas Jefferson Memorials</a>, and along Ohio Drive SW, in <a href="/wiki/East_Potomac_Park" title="East Potomac Park">East Potomac Park</a>. There is limited handicapped parking at the Franklin Delano Roosevelt and World War II Memorials and near the Washington Monument and the Thomas Jefferson, Lincoln, Korean War Veterans, and Vietnam Veterans Memorials; otherwise, parking is extremely scarce in and near the Mall.<a href="#cite_note-parking-200">[200]</a> In April 2017, the NPS awarded a contract for the installation of parking meters on streets and in parking areas on the Mall. On June 12, 2017, the NPS and the <a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia_Department_of_Public_Works" title="District of Columbia Department of Public Works">District of Columbia Department of Public Works</a> began to enforce metered parking on approximately 1,100 parking spaces in which motorists could previously park without charge.<a href="#cite_note-parking-200">[200]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Weather_and_climate">Weather and climate</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Weather and climate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Mall_(50897571958).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/National_Mall_%2850897571958%29.jpg/240px-National_Mall_%2850897571958%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/National_Mall_%2850897571958%29.jpg/240px-National_Mall_%2850897571958%29.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/National_Mall_%2850897571958%29.jpg/360px-National_Mall_%2850897571958%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/National_Mall_%2850897571958%29.jpg/480px-National_Mall_%2850897571958%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The Mall following a snow storm</figcaption></figure> On July 16, 2016, speakers and musicians participated in a gathering of thousands of <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelicals</a> during a <a href="/wiki/Together_2016" title="Together 2016">Together 2016</a> rally on the Mall.<a href="#cite_note-Post1-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> Although the event was originally scheduled to conclude at 9 p.m., it ended at 4 p.m. due to excessive heat. Officers reportedly responded to 350 medical calls for <a href="/wiki/Heat_illness" title="Heat illness">heat-related injuries</a>. The large number of people who lost <a href="/wiki/Consciousness" title="Consciousness">consciousness</a> because of <a href="/wiki/Heat_syncope" title="Heat syncope">heat syncope</a> overwhelmed <a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_technician" title="Emergency medical technician">emergency medical technicians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Post1-202">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> On July 1, 2021, an <a href="/wiki/Enhanced_Fujita_scale#Parameters" title="Enhanced Fujita scale">EF1 tornado</a> formed in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County, Virginia</a> at 8:59 p.m., crossed the Potomac River near the <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Bridge" title="Theodore Roosevelt Bridge">Theodore Roosevelt Bridge</a>, and traveled eastward along the National Mall before dissipating near <a href="/wiki/16th_Street_NW" title="16th Street NW">16th Street NW</a> and Constitution Avenue south of the White House and The Ellipse, 4.4 mi (7 km) from where it had started. Its maximum winds were 90 mph (145 km/h), and it was as wide as 125 yards (114 m). The <a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">National Weather Service</a> reported that wind damage to trees on the Mall "was prominent from 23rd St NW east for 0.75 mi (1.2 km) to near 16th Street NW south of The Ellipse". The weather service stated that the tornado lifted up and twisted temporary fencing installed on the Mall for the upcoming July 4 Independence Day celebration. The fencing landed in a "mangled and haphazard manner" before the twister dissipated at 9:05 p.m.<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><table class="infobox" style="width: 19.5em; float: left; clear: left; margin-left:0em;margin-right:1em; text-align: center; border: solid 1px silver" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th> National Mall </th></tr> <tr><th style="font-size: 90%">Climate chart (<a href="/wiki/Template:Climate_chart/How_to_read_a_climate_chart" title="Template:Climate chart/How to read a climate chart">explanation</a>)</th></tr> <tr><td><table class="infobox" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: left; clear: left; margin-left:0em;margin-right:1em; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.64em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">82</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:7.6em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.8em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">4</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.1em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">−2</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.16em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">108</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:7.8em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">5</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.3em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">−1</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.6em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">80</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.8em;height:2.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">15</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.3em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">4</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.5em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">125</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10em;height:3em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">25</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.5em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">10</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.12em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">106</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11em;height:2.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.6em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">28</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.5em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">15</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.66em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">133</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12em;height:2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">30</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.5em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">20</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.1em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">105</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.2em;height:1.8em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">30</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">21</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.56em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">128</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.6em;height:1.8em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.4em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">32</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.1em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">23</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.48em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">74</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.4em;height:2.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.8em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">29</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.9em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">17</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.98em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">149</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10em;height:2.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.2em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">21</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.5em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">10</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.12em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">56</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.2em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.8em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">14</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">6</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.5em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">125</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.2em;height:1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.2em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">6</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">1</div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">█ Precipitation totals in mm</td></tr><tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">Source: <a href="#cite_note-nasa-206">[206]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><td> <table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: left; clear: left; margin-left:0em;margin-right:1em; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="12">Imperial conversion</th></tr> <tr><td>J</td><td>F</td><td>M</td><td>A</td><td>M</td><td>J</td><td>J</td><td>A</td><td>S</td><td>O</td><td>N</td><td>D</td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.64em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">3.2</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:7.6em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.8em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">39</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.1em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">28</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.16em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">4.3</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:7.8em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">41</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.3em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">30</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.6em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">3.1</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.8em;height:2.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">59</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.3em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">39</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.5em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">4.9</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10em;height:3em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">77</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.5em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">50</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.12em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">4.2</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11em;height:2.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.6em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">82</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.5em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">59</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.66em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">5.2</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12em;height:2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">86</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.5em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">68</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.1em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">4.1</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.2em;height:1.8em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">86</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">70</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.56em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">5</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.6em;height:1.8em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.4em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">90</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.1em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">73</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.48em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">2.9</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.4em;height:2.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.8em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">84</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.9em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">63</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.98em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">5.9</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10em;height:2.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.2em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">70</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.5em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">50</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.12em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">2.2</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.2em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.8em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">57</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">43</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:2.5em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">4.9</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.2em;height:1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.2em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">43</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">34</div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">█ Precipitation totals in inches</td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: In popular culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> The National Mall is a common backdrop and setting for films, television shows, and other forms of media. The Mall is the setting for a famous scene in <a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a>, in which Forrest gives a speech during the <a href="/wiki/1963_March_on_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="1963 March on Washington">1963 March on Washington</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Memorial" title="Lincoln Memorial">Lincoln Memorial</a>. The film <a href="/wiki/National_Treasure" class="mw-redirect" title="National Treasure">National Treasure</a> is set on and around the National Mall. The Mall is also a common setting in several superhero movies. <a href="/wiki/Spider-Man:_Homecoming" title="Spider-Man: Homecoming">Spider-Man: Homecoming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Captain_America:_The_Winter_Soldier" title="Captain America: The Winter Soldier">Captain America: The Winter Soldier</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wonder_Woman_1984" title="Wonder Woman 1984">Wonder Woman 1984</a> all have prominent scenes on the Mall. The comedic film <a href="/wiki/Wedding_Crashers" title="Wedding Crashers">Wedding Crashers</a> is set in Washington, D.C., and has scenes on the Mall. Additionally, the mall is a common feature of the <a href="/wiki/Netflix" title="Netflix">Netflix</a> series <a href="/wiki/House_of_Cards_(American_TV_series)" title="House of Cards (American TV series)">House of Cards</a>. The Mall is also a setting of season three, episode three of the show <a href="/wiki/Family_Guy" title="Family Guy">Family Guy</a>, as well as season 17, episode 11 of the show, nicknamed "<a href="/wiki/Trump_Guy" title="Trump Guy">Trump Guy</a>". News organisations that present live coverage or recorded programs from Washington often use the Mall as a backdrop. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Gallery" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 219.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 217.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:South_National_Mall_Washington_DC_1863.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1863 photograph of the National Mall and vicinity during the Civil War, looking west towards the U.S. Botanical Garden, Washington City Canal, Gas Works, railroad tracks, Washington Armory, and Armory Square Hospital buildings."><noscript><img alt="1863 photograph of the National Mall and vicinity during the Civil War, looking west towards the U.S. Botanical Garden, Washington City Canal, Gas Works, railroad tracks, Washington Armory, and Armory Square Hospital buildings." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/South_National_Mall_Washington_DC_1863.jpg/326px-South_National_Mall_Washington_DC_1863.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="926" data-file-height="597"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 218px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/South_National_Mall_Washington_DC_1863.jpg/326px-South_National_Mall_Washington_DC_1863.jpg" data-alt="1863 photograph of the National Mall and vicinity during the Civil War, looking west towards the U.S. Botanical Garden, Washington City Canal, Gas Works, railroad tracks, Washington Armory, and Armory Square Hospital buildings." data-width="218" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/South_National_Mall_Washington_DC_1863.jpg/489px-South_National_Mall_Washington_DC_1863.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/South_National_Mall_Washington_DC_1863.jpg/652px-South_National_Mall_Washington_DC_1863.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">1863 photograph of the National Mall and vicinity during the Civil War, looking west towards the U.S. Botanical Garden, Washington City Canal, Gas Works, railroad tracks, Washington Armory, and Armory Square Hospital buildings.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 156px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 154px;"><a href="/wiki/File:From_Washington_Monument.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Victorian landscaping and architecture of the Mall looking east from the top of the Washington Monument, showing the influence of the Downing Plan and Adolph Cluss on the National Mall c. 1904."><noscript><img alt="The Victorian landscaping and architecture of the Mall looking east from the top of the Washington Monument, showing the influence of the Downing Plan and Adolph Cluss on the National Mall c. 1904." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/From_Washington_Monument.jpg/231px-From_Washington_Monument.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="867" data-file-height="789"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 154px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/From_Washington_Monument.jpg/231px-From_Washington_Monument.jpg" data-alt="The Victorian landscaping and architecture of the Mall looking east from the top of the Washington Monument, showing the influence of the Downing Plan and Adolph Cluss on the National Mall c. 1904." data-width="154" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/From_Washington_Monument.jpg/346px-From_Washington_Monument.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/From_Washington_Monument.jpg/462px-From_Washington_Monument.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Victorian landscaping and architecture of the Mall looking east from the top of the Washington Monument, showing the influence of the Downing Plan and Adolph Cluss on the National Mall <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1904. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 208px;"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Mall_circa_1901_-_Washington_DC.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Looking east from the top of the Washington Monument towards the United States Capitol in the summer of 1901. The Mall exhibited the Victorian-era landscape of winding paths and random plantings that Andrew Jackson Downing designed in the 1850s"><noscript><img alt="Looking east from the top of the Washington Monument towards the United States Capitol in the summer of 1901. The Mall exhibited the Victorian-era landscape of winding paths and random plantings that Andrew Jackson Downing designed in the 1850s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/National_Mall_circa_1901_-_Washington_DC.jpg/312px-National_Mall_circa_1901_-_Washington_DC.jpg" decoding="async" width="208" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="370"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 208px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/National_Mall_circa_1901_-_Washington_DC.jpg/312px-National_Mall_circa_1901_-_Washington_DC.jpg" data-alt="Looking east from the top of the Washington Monument towards the United States Capitol in the summer of 1901. The Mall exhibited the Victorian-era landscape of winding paths and random plantings that Andrew Jackson Downing designed in the 1850s" data-width="208" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/National_Mall_circa_1901_-_Washington_DC.jpg/468px-National_Mall_circa_1901_-_Washington_DC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/National_Mall_circa_1901_-_Washington_DC.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Looking east from the top of the Washington Monument towards the United States Capitol in the summer of 1901. The Mall exhibited the Victorian-era landscape of winding paths and random plantings that Andrew Jackson Downing designed in the 1850s</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 245.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 243.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Armory_Square_Hospital,_Washington,_D.C_LCCN2012650191.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Armory as a hospital during the Civil War"><noscript><img alt="The Armory as a hospital during the Civil War" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Armory_Square_Hospital%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2012650191.jpg/365px-Armory_Square_Hospital%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2012650191.jpg" decoding="async" width="244" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6435" data-file-height="3710"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 244px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Armory_Square_Hospital%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2012650191.jpg/365px-Armory_Square_Hospital%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2012650191.jpg" data-alt="The Armory as a hospital during the Civil War" data-width="244" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Armory_Square_Hospital%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2012650191.jpg/547px-Armory_Square_Hospital%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2012650191.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Armory_Square_Hospital%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2012650191.jpg/729px-Armory_Square_Hospital%2C_Washington%2C_D.C_LCCN2012650191.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Armory as a hospital during the Civil War</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 174.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 172.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Main_Building_of_the_Department_of_Agriculture,_Washington,_D.C._(no_original_caption)_-_NARA_-_512817.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Department of Agriculture Building (circa 1895)"><noscript><img alt="Department of Agriculture Building (circa 1895)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Main_Building_of_the_Department_of_Agriculture%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._%28no_original_caption%29_-_NARA_-_512817.jpg/259px-Main_Building_of_the_Department_of_Agriculture%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._%28no_original_caption%29_-_NARA_-_512817.jpg" decoding="async" width="173" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2436"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 173px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Main_Building_of_the_Department_of_Agriculture%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._%28no_original_caption%29_-_NARA_-_512817.jpg/259px-Main_Building_of_the_Department_of_Agriculture%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._%28no_original_caption%29_-_NARA_-_512817.jpg" data-alt="Department of Agriculture Building (circa 1895)" data-width="173" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Main_Building_of_the_Department_of_Agriculture%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._%28no_original_caption%29_-_NARA_-_512817.jpg/388px-Main_Building_of_the_Department_of_Agriculture%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._%28no_original_caption%29_-_NARA_-_512817.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Main_Building_of_the_Department_of_Agriculture%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._%28no_original_caption%29_-_NARA_-_512817.jpg/517px-Main_Building_of_the_Department_of_Agriculture%2C_Washington%2C_D.C._%28no_original_caption%29_-_NARA_-_512817.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Department of Agriculture Building (circa 1895)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 172.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 170.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Center_Market,_Pennsylvania_Ave._3c34613_150px.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Center Market circa 1875, looking northwest from The Mall"><noscript><img alt="Center Market circa 1875, looking northwest from The Mall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Center_Market%2C_Pennsylvania_Ave._3c34613_150px.jpg" decoding="async" width="171" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="123"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 171px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Center_Market%2C_Pennsylvania_Ave._3c34613_150px.jpg" data-alt="Center Market circa 1875, looking northwest from The Mall" data-width="171" data-height="140" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Center Market circa 1875, looking northwest from The Mall</div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 184.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 182.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Central_Palace_-_Central_Market.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Center Market between 1910 and 1930, looking southwest from 7th Street NW (at left)"><noscript><img alt="Center Market between 1910 and 1930, looking southwest from 7th Street NW (at left)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Grand_Central_Palace_-_Central_Market.jpg/274px-Grand_Central_Palace_-_Central_Market.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7145" data-file-height="5475"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 183px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Grand_Central_Palace_-_Central_Market.jpg/274px-Grand_Central_Palace_-_Central_Market.jpg" data-alt="Center Market between 1910 and 1930, looking southwest from 7th Street NW (at left)" data-width="183" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Grand_Central_Palace_-_Central_Market.jpg/411px-Grand_Central_Palace_-_Central_Market.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Grand_Central_Palace_-_Central_Market.jpg/548px-Grand_Central_Palace_-_Central_Market.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Center Market between 1910 and 1930, looking southwest from 7th Street NW (at left)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 92.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 90.666666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Number_869-86501_-_US_National_Park_Service_-_24_June_2003.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="National Park Service map showing the National Mall's designated reserve area referenced in the 2003 Commemorative Works Clarification and Revision Act"><noscript><img alt="National Park Service map showing the National Mall's designated reserve area referenced in the 2003 Commemorative Works Clarification and Revision Act" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Map_Number_869-86501_-_US_National_Park_Service_-_24_June_2003.jpg/136px-Map_Number_869-86501_-_US_National_Park_Service_-_24_June_2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1207" data-file-height="1862"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 91px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Map_Number_869-86501_-_US_National_Park_Service_-_24_June_2003.jpg/136px-Map_Number_869-86501_-_US_National_Park_Service_-_24_June_2003.jpg" data-alt="National Park Service map showing the National Mall's designated reserve area referenced in the 2003 Commemorative Works Clarification and Revision Act" data-width="91" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Map_Number_869-86501_-_US_National_Park_Service_-_24_June_2003.jpg/204px-Map_Number_869-86501_-_US_National_Park_Service_-_24_June_2003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Map_Number_869-86501_-_US_National_Park_Service_-_24_June_2003.jpg/272px-Map_Number_869-86501_-_US_National_Park_Service_-_24_June_2003.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">National Park Service map showing the National Mall's designated reserve area referenced in the 2003 Commemorative Works Clarification and Revision Act</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 232.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Smithsonian_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title='The Smithsonian Institution Building ("The Castle") in February 2007, looking north from the Enid A. Haupt Garden'><noscript><img alt='The Smithsonian Institution Building ("The Castle") in February 2007, looking north from the Enid A. Haupt Garden' src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Smithsonian_Building.jpg/346px-Smithsonian_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="231" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6238" data-file-height="3787"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 231px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Smithsonian_Building.jpg/346px-Smithsonian_Building.jpg" data-alt='The Smithsonian Institution Building ("The Castle") in February 2007, looking north from the Enid A. Haupt Garden' data-width="231" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Smithsonian_Building.jpg/519px-Smithsonian_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Smithsonian_Building.jpg/692px-Smithsonian_Building.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Smithsonian Institution Building ("The Castle") in February 2007, looking north from the Enid A. Haupt Garden</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lockkeeper%27s_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Lockkeeper's House in 2018, looking northwest"><noscript><img alt="The Lockkeeper's House in 2018, looking northwest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Lockkeeper%27s_House.jpg/315px-Lockkeeper%27s_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 210px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Lockkeeper%27s_House.jpg/315px-Lockkeeper%27s_House.jpg" data-alt="The Lockkeeper's House in 2018, looking northwest" data-width="210" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Lockkeeper%27s_House.jpg/473px-Lockkeeper%27s_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Lockkeeper%27s_House.jpg/630px-Lockkeeper%27s_House.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Lockkeeper%27s_House,_C_%26_O_Canal_Extension" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockkeeper's House, C & O Canal Extension">Lockkeeper's House</a> in 2018, looking northwest</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:20060327_094632_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arts and Industries Building, looking southwest (March 2017)"><noscript><img alt="Arts and Industries Building, looking southwest (March 2017)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/20060327_094632_1.jpg/316px-20060327_094632_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="211" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 211px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/20060327_094632_1.jpg/316px-20060327_094632_1.jpg" data-alt="Arts and Industries Building, looking southwest (March 2017)" data-width="211" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/20060327_094632_1.jpg/474px-20060327_094632_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/20060327_094632_1.jpg/632px-20060327_094632_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Arts and Industries Building, looking southwest (March 2017)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 158.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 156.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Railroad_Station_(3421670398).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Baltimore and Potomac Railroad station, looking southwest from 6th Street NW (at bottom and left)"><noscript><img alt="Baltimore and Potomac Railroad station, looking southwest from 6th Street NW (at bottom and left)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Railroad_Station_%283421670398%29.jpg/235px-Railroad_Station_%283421670398%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="858" data-file-height="766"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 157px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Railroad_Station_%283421670398%29.jpg/235px-Railroad_Station_%283421670398%29.jpg" data-alt="Baltimore and Potomac Railroad station, looking southwest from 6th Street NW (at bottom and left)" data-width="157" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Railroad_Station_%283421670398%29.jpg/353px-Railroad_Station_%283421670398%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Railroad_Station_%283421670398%29.jpg/471px-Railroad_Station_%283421670398%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Baltimore and Potomac Railroad station, looking southwest from 6th Street NW (at bottom and left)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 184.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 182.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Army_Medical_Museum_and_Library.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Army Medical Museum and Library, looking northeast from Independence Avenue SW"><noscript><img alt="Army Medical Museum and Library, looking northeast from Independence Avenue SW" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Army_Medical_Museum_and_Library.jpg/274px-Army_Medical_Museum_and_Library.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="971" data-file-height="744"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 183px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Army_Medical_Museum_and_Library.jpg/274px-Army_Medical_Museum_and_Library.jpg" data-alt="Army Medical Museum and Library, looking northeast from Independence Avenue SW" data-width="183" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Army_Medical_Museum_and_Library.jpg/411px-Army_Medical_Museum_and_Library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Army_Medical_Museum_and_Library.jpg/548px-Army_Medical_Museum_and_Library.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Army Medical Museum and Library, looking northeast from Independence Avenue SW</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 188.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 186.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Mall_undergoing_renovations_-_Stierch.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reflecting Pool undergoing reconstruction (June 2011)"><noscript><img alt="Reflecting Pool undergoing reconstruction (June 2011)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/National_Mall_undergoing_renovations_-_Stierch.jpg/280px-National_Mall_undergoing_renovations_-_Stierch.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 187px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/National_Mall_undergoing_renovations_-_Stierch.jpg/280px-National_Mall_undergoing_renovations_-_Stierch.jpg" data-alt="Reflecting Pool undergoing reconstruction (June 2011)" data-width="187" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/National_Mall_undergoing_renovations_-_Stierch.jpg/420px-National_Mall_undergoing_renovations_-_Stierch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/National_Mall_undergoing_renovations_-_Stierch.jpg/560px-National_Mall_undergoing_renovations_-_Stierch.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Reflecting Pool undergoing reconstruction (June 2011)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Rehabilitation_works_Reflecting_Pool_12_2011_DC_000102.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Reflecting Pool undergoing reconstruction (December 2011)"><noscript><img alt="Reflecting Pool undergoing reconstruction (December 2011)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Rehabilitation_works_Reflecting_Pool_12_2011_DC_000102.JPG/315px-Rehabilitation_works_Reflecting_Pool_12_2011_DC_000102.JPG" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 210px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Rehabilitation_works_Reflecting_Pool_12_2011_DC_000102.JPG/315px-Rehabilitation_works_Reflecting_Pool_12_2011_DC_000102.JPG" data-alt="Reflecting Pool undergoing reconstruction (December 2011)" data-width="210" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Rehabilitation_works_Reflecting_Pool_12_2011_DC_000102.JPG/473px-Rehabilitation_works_Reflecting_Pool_12_2011_DC_000102.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Rehabilitation_works_Reflecting_Pool_12_2011_DC_000102.JPG/630px-Rehabilitation_works_Reflecting_Pool_12_2011_DC_000102.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Reflecting Pool undergoing reconstruction (December 2011)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 234px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 232px;"><a href="/wiki/File:DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reflecting Pool after reconstruction (May 2016)"><noscript><img alt="Reflecting Pool after reconstruction (May 2016)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg/348px-DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg" decoding="async" width="232" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4898" data-file-height="2960"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 232px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg/348px-DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg" data-alt="Reflecting Pool after reconstruction (May 2016)" data-width="232" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg/522px-DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg/695px-DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Reflecting Pool after reconstruction (May 2016)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 142px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Dc_national_mall_15.07.2012_12-19-14.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Axis of National Mall before restoration (July 2012)"><noscript><img alt="Axis of National Mall before restoration (July 2012)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Dc_national_mall_15.07.2012_12-19-14.jpg/210px-Dc_national_mall_15.07.2012_12-19-14.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1398" data-file-height="1398"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 140px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Dc_national_mall_15.07.2012_12-19-14.jpg/210px-Dc_national_mall_15.07.2012_12-19-14.jpg" data-alt="Axis of National Mall before restoration (July 2012)" data-width="140" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Dc_national_mall_15.07.2012_12-19-14.jpg/315px-Dc_national_mall_15.07.2012_12-19-14.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Dc_national_mall_15.07.2012_12-19-14.jpg/420px-Dc_national_mall_15.07.2012_12-19-14.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Axis of National Mall before restoration (July 2012)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Digging_at_the_National_Mall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Axis undergoing restoration (April 2015)"><noscript><img alt="Axis undergoing restoration (April 2015)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Digging_at_the_National_Mall.jpg/315px-Digging_at_the_National_Mall.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4782" data-file-height="3188"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 210px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Digging_at_the_National_Mall.jpg/315px-Digging_at_the_National_Mall.jpg" data-alt="Axis undergoing restoration (April 2015)" data-width="210" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Digging_at_the_National_Mall.jpg/473px-Digging_at_the_National_Mall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Digging_at_the_National_Mall.jpg/630px-Digging_at_the_National_Mall.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Axis undergoing restoration (April 2015)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 196.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 194.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:NationalMall.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aerial view of National Mall, Looking West"><noscript><img alt="Aerial view of National Mall, Looking West" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/NationalMall.jpg/292px-NationalMall.jpg" decoding="async" width="195" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="900"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 195px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/NationalMall.jpg/292px-NationalMall.jpg" data-alt="Aerial view of National Mall, Looking West" data-width="195" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/NationalMall.jpg/438px-NationalMall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/NationalMall.jpg/584px-NationalMall.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Aerial view of National Mall, Looking West</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 234px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 232px;"><a href="/wiki/File:DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool in May 2016, facing east towards the Washington Monument"><noscript><img alt="The Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool in May 2016, facing east towards the Washington Monument" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg/348px-DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg" decoding="async" width="232" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4898" data-file-height="2960"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 232px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg/348px-DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg" data-alt="The Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool in May 2016, facing east towards the Washington Monument" data-width="232" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg/522px-DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg/695px-DC_monument_view_from_Lincoln_memorial.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool in May 2016, facing east towards the Washington Monument</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 212px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px;"><a href="/wiki/File:National_World_War_II_Memorial,_Washington_DC,_July_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="National World War II Memorial (July 2017)"><noscript><img alt="National World War II Memorial (July 2017)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/National_World_War_II_Memorial%2C_Washington_DC%2C_July_2017.jpg/315px-National_World_War_II_Memorial%2C_Washington_DC%2C_July_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 210px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/National_World_War_II_Memorial%2C_Washington_DC%2C_July_2017.jpg/315px-National_World_War_II_Memorial%2C_Washington_DC%2C_July_2017.jpg" data-alt="National World War II Memorial (July 2017)" data-width="210" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/National_World_War_II_Memorial%2C_Washington_DC%2C_July_2017.jpg/473px-National_World_War_II_Memorial%2C_Washington_DC%2C_July_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/National_World_War_II_Memorial%2C_Washington_DC%2C_July_2017.jpg/630px-National_World_War_II_Memorial%2C_Washington_DC%2C_July_2017.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">National World War II Memorial (July 2017)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 188.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 186.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Jefferson_Pier_and_Washington_Monument.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The west side of the Jefferson Pier in April 2011, with the Washington Monument in the background"><noscript><img alt="The west side of the Jefferson Pier in April 2011, with the Washington Monument in the background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Jefferson_Pier_and_Washington_Monument.jpg/280px-Jefferson_Pier_and_Washington_Monument.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 187px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Jefferson_Pier_and_Washington_Monument.jpg/280px-Jefferson_Pier_and_Washington_Monument.jpg" data-alt="The west side of the Jefferson Pier in April 2011, with the Washington Monument in the background" data-width="187" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Jefferson_Pier_and_Washington_Monument.jpg/420px-Jefferson_Pier_and_Washington_Monument.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Jefferson_Pier_and_Washington_Monument.jpg/560px-Jefferson_Pier_and_Washington_Monument.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The west side of the <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Pier" title="Jefferson Pier">Jefferson Pier</a> in April 2011, with the Washington Monument in the background</div> </li> </ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="Other_attractions_nearby">Other attractions nearby</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Other attractions nearby" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Tourist_attractions_in_Washington,_D.C." title="Category:Tourist attractions in Washington, D.C.">Category:Tourist attractions in Washington, D.C.</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg/240px-LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6144" data-file-height="4098"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg/240px-LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg/360px-LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg/480px-LOC_Main_Reading_Room_Highsmith.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Reading Room at the Library fo Congress</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kennedy_Center_(Washington,_D.C.).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Kennedy_Center_%28Washington%2C_D.C.%29.JPG/240px-Kennedy_Center_%28Washington%2C_D.C.%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Kennedy_Center_%28Washington%2C_D.C.%29.JPG/240px-Kennedy_Center_%28Washington%2C_D.C.%29.JPG" data-width="240" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Kennedy_Center_%28Washington%2C_D.C.%29.JPG/360px-Kennedy_Center_%28Washington%2C_D.C.%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Kennedy_Center_%28Washington%2C_D.C.%29.JPG/480px-Kennedy_Center_%28Washington%2C_D.C.%29.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts</figcaption></figure> Other attractions within walking distance of the National Mall (proper) include: <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East_of_the_Capitol">East of the Capitol</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: East of the Capitol" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Folger_Shakespeare_Library" title="Folger Shakespeare Library">Folger Shakespeare Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court_Building" title="United States Supreme Court Building">United States Supreme Court Building</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northeast_of_the_National_Mall_(proper)">Northeast of the National Mall (proper)</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Northeast of the National Mall (proper)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holodomor_Genocide_Memorial" title="Holodomor Genocide Memorial">Holodomor Genocide Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_American_Memorial_to_Patriotism_During_World_War_II" title="Japanese American Memorial to Patriotism During World War II">Japanese American Memorial to Patriotism During World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Postal_Museum" title="National Postal Museum">National Postal Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft_Memorial" title="Robert A. Taft Memorial">Robert A. Taft Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Union_Station" title="Washington Union Station">Washington Union Station</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_of_the_National_Mall_(proper)">North of the National Mall (proper)</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: North of the National Mall (proper)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford%27s_Theatre" title="Ford's Theatre">Ford's Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Gordon_Meade_Memorial" title="George Gordon Meade Memorial">George Gordon Meade Memorial</a></li> <li>Inlay of <a href="/wiki/L%27Enfant_Plan" title="L'Enfant Plan">L'Enfant's plan for the federal capital city</a> in <a href="/wiki/Freedom_Plaza" title="Freedom Plaza">Freedom Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Building_Museum" title="National Building Museum">National Building Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Law_Enforcement_Museum" title="National Law Enforcement Museum">National Law Enforcement Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Law_Enforcement_Officers_Memorial" title="National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial">National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Women_in_the_Arts" title="National Museum of Women in the Arts">National Museum of Women in the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Portrait_Gallery_(United_States)" title="National Portrait Gallery (United States)">National Portrait Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Theatre_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="National Theatre (Washington, D.C.)">National Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Post_Office_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Old Post Office (Washington, D.C.)">Old Post Office Building and Clock Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_World_War_I_Memorial_(Washington,_D.C.)#Pershing_Park" title="National World War I Memorial (Washington, D.C.)">Pershing Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_World_War_I_Memorial_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="National World War I Memorial (Washington, D.C.)">National World War I Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_American_Art_Museum" title="Smithsonian American Art Museum">Smithsonian American Art Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Memorial" title="United States Navy Memorial">United States Navy Memorial</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northwest_of_the_National_Mall_(proper)">Northwest of the National Mall (proper)</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Northwest of the National Mall (proper)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein_Memorial" title="Albert Einstein Memorial">Albert Einstein Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boy_Scout_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Boy Scout Memorial">Boy Scout Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butt%E2%80%93Millet_Memorial_Fountain" title="Butt–Millet Memorial Fountain">Butt–Millet Memorial Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enid_Haupt" class="mw-redirect" title="Enid Haupt">Enid Haupt</a> Fountains<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Division_Monument" title="First Division Monument">First Division Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German-American_Friendship_Garden" title="German-American Friendship Garden">German-American Friendship Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interior_Museum" title="Interior Museum">Interior Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Center_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts">John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Christmas_Tree_(United_States)" title="National Christmas Tree (United States)">National Christmas Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Division_Memorial" title="Second Division Memorial">Second Division Memorial</a></li> <li>Settlers of the District of Columbia Memorial<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statues_of_the_Liberators" title="Statues of the Liberators">Statues of the Liberators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ellipse" title="The Ellipse">The Ellipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt_Island" title="Theodore Roosevelt Island">Theodore Roosevelt Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Capitol_Gatehouses_and_Gateposts" title="U.S. Capitol Gatehouses and Gateposts">U.S. Capitol Gatehouses and Gateposts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> (on a line directly north of the Washington Monument)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_Milestone" title="Zero Milestone">Zero Milestone</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jefferson_Memorial_Washington_April_2017_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Jefferson_Memorial_Washington_April_2017_002.jpg/240px-Jefferson_Memorial_Washington_April_2017_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Jefferson_Memorial_Washington_April_2017_002.jpg/240px-Jefferson_Memorial_Washington_April_2017_002.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Jefferson_Memorial_Washington_April_2017_002.jpg/360px-Jefferson_Memorial_Washington_April_2017_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Jefferson_Memorial_Washington_April_2017_002.jpg/480px-Jefferson_Memorial_Washington_April_2017_002.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tidal_Basin" title="Tidal Basin">Tidal Basin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial" title="Jefferson Memorial">Jefferson Memorial</a> in April 2017.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Memorial_captured_at_Night_(ef429585-20ed-4050-b311-3c68f9aea9df).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Memorial_captured_at_Night_%28ef429585-20ed-4050-b311-3c68f9aea9df%29.jpg/240px-Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Memorial_captured_at_Night_%28ef429585-20ed-4050-b311-3c68f9aea9df%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 240px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Memorial_captured_at_Night_%28ef429585-20ed-4050-b311-3c68f9aea9df%29.jpg/240px-Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Memorial_captured_at_Night_%28ef429585-20ed-4050-b311-3c68f9aea9df%29.jpg" data-width="240" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Memorial_captured_at_Night_%28ef429585-20ed-4050-b311-3c68f9aea9df%29.jpg/360px-Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Memorial_captured_at_Night_%28ef429585-20ed-4050-b311-3c68f9aea9df%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Memorial_captured_at_Night_%28ef429585-20ed-4050-b311-3c68f9aea9df%29.jpg/480px-Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Memorial_captured_at_Night_%28ef429585-20ed-4050-b311-3c68f9aea9df%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Eisenhower Memorial at night, 2021</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="West_of_the_National_Mall_(proper)">West of the National Mall (proper)</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: West of the National Mall (proper)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_Memorial_Bridge" title="Arlington Memorial Bridge">Arlington Memorial Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Arts_of_War_and_The_Arts_of_Peace" title="The Arts of War and The Arts of Peace">The Arts of War and The Arts of Peace statues</a> at the eastern approach to the Arlington Memorial Bridge</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_War_Memorial" title="Marine Corps War Memorial">Marine Corps War Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Carillon" title="Netherlands Carillon">Netherlands Carillon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southwest_of_the_National_Mall_(proper)">Southwest of the National Mall (proper)</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Southwest of the National Mall (proper)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_House,_The_Robert_E._Lee_Memorial" title="Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial">Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Engraving_and_Printing" title="Bureau of Engraving and Printing">Bureau of Engraving and Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt_Memorial" title="Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial">Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Mason_Memorial" title="George Mason Memorial">George Mason Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial" title="Jefferson Memorial">Jefferson Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Island_(District_of_Columbia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia Island (District of Columbia)">Lady Bird Johnson Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Memorial_Grove_on_the_Potomac" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac">Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King,_Jr._Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial">Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tidal_Basin" title="Tidal Basin">Tidal Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Forest_Service" title="United States Forest Service">United States Forest Service</a> Museum<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Holocaust_Memorial_Museum" title="United States Holocaust Memorial Museum">United States Holocaust Memorial Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Military_Service_for_America_Memorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Women in Military Service for America Memorial">Women in Military Service for America Memorial</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_of_the_National_Mall_(proper)">South of the National Mall (proper)</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: South of the National Mall (proper)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Veterans_Disabled_for_Life_Memorial" title="American Veterans Disabled for Life Memorial">American Veterans Disabled for Life Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower_Memorial" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial">Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Spy_Museum" title="International Spy Museum">International Spy Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Enfant_Plaza" title="L'Enfant Plaza">L'Enfant Promenade and Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_the_Bible" title="Museum of the Bible">Museum of the Bible</a></li> <li>Overlook in <a href="/wiki/Commemorations_of_Benjamin_Banneker#Benjamin_Banneker_Park_and_Memorial,_Washington,_D.C." title="Commemorations of Benjamin Banneker">Benjamin Banneker Park</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Architecture of Washington, D.C.">Architecture of Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Mall" title="Capitol Mall">Capitol Mall</a>, a similar but smaller parkway situated in front of <a href="/wiki/California_State_Capitol" title="California State Capitol">California State Capitol</a> modeled on the National Mall</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Washington,_D.C." title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington, D.C.">National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington, D.C.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Fast_Forward" title="Operation Fast Forward">Operation Fast Forward</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nris-1"><a href="#cite_ref-nris_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/">"National Register of Historic Places: NPS Focus"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080725123211/http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/">Archived</a> from the original on July 25, 2008. Retrieved July 8, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places%3A+NPS+Focus&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnrhp.focus.nps.gov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-increase-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-increase_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-increase_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/nr/listings/20161209.htm">"District of Columbia: National Mall Historic District (Boundary Increase and Additional Documentation), Bounded by 3rd St. NW-SW, Independence Ave. SW, Raoul Wallenberg Pl. SW, CSX RR, Potomac R., Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, 16000805, Listed 12/8/2016"</a>. National Register of Historic Places Program: Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties: 11/28/2016 through 12/2/2016. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. December 9, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161220223933/https://www.nps.gov/nr/listings/20161209.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 20, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places+Program%3A+Weekly+List+of+Actions+Taken+on+Properties%3A+11%2F28%2F2016+through+12%2F2%2F2016&rft.atitle=District+of+Columbia%3A+National+Mall+Historic+District+%28Boundary+Increase+and+Additional+Documentation%29%2C+Bounded+by+3rd+St.+NW-SW%2C+Independence+Ave.+SW%2C+Raoul+Wallenberg+Pl.+SW%2C+CSX+RR%2C+Potomac+R.%2C+Constitution+Ave.+NW%2C+Washington%2C+16000805%2C+Listed+12%2F8%2F2016&rft.date=2016-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnr%2Flistings%2F20161209.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinsonGaspariniKerr2016" class="citation web cs1">Robinson, Judith H.; Gasparini, Daria; Kerr, Tim (May 31, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://parkplanning.nps.gov/showFile.cfm?projectID=65560&MIMEType=application%252Fpdf&filename=x%20backcheck%20final%20NR%20%5F%20complete%2Epdf&sfid=245119">"National Mall Historic District – Boundary Increase/Additional Documentation (Final backcheck)"</a>. United States Department of the Interior: National Park Service: National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161012181108/https://parkplanning.nps.gov/showFile.cfm?projectID=65560&MIMEType=application%2Fpdf&filename=x%20backcheck%20final%20NR%20_%20complete.pdf&sfid=245119">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2016. Retrieved October 12, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Department+of+the+Interior%3A+National+Park+Service%3A+National+Register+of+Historic+Places+Registration+Form&rft.atitle=National+Mall+Historic+District+%E2%80%93+Boundary+Increase%2FAdditional+Documentation+%28Final+backcheck%29&rft.date=2016-05-31&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Judith+H.&rft.au=Gasparini%2C+Daria&rft.au=Kerr%2C+Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fparkplanning.nps.gov%2FshowFile.cfm%3FprojectID%3D65560%26MIMEType%3Dapplication%25252Fpdf%26filename%3Dx%2520backcheck%2520final%2520NR%2520%255F%2520complete%252Epdf%26sfid%3D245119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-INDEX-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-INDEX_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-INDEX_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="National_Park_Index" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/upload/NPIndex2012-2016.pdf">"The National Parks: Index 2012-2016"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. p. 44. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171226004602/https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/upload/NPIndex2012-2016.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on December 26, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+National+Parks%3A+Index+2012-2016&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Faboutus%2Fupload%2FNPIndex2012-2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/mall/faqs.htm">"National Mall Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. October 28, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100507001601/http://www.nps.gov/mall/faqs.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2010. Retrieved April 18, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Mall+Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft.date=2008-10-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fmall%2Ffaqs.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-National_Register_Nomination_Form-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-National_Register_Nomination_Form_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-National_Register_Nomination_Form_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-National_Register_Nomination_Form_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-National_Register_Nomination_Form_6-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPfanz1981" class="citation web cs1">Pfanz, Donald C. (February 11, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/66000031_text">"National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination Form: National Mall"</a>. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151223101453/http://focus.nps.gov/pdfhost/docs/NRHP/Text/66000031.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on December 23, 2015. Retrieved June 12, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places+Inventory+Nomination+Form%3A+National+Mall&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft.date=1981-02-11&rft.aulast=Pfanz&rft.aufirst=Donald+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP%2FGetAsset%2FNRHP%2F66000031_text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-foundation_statement-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-foundation_statement_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-foundation_statement_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-foundation_statement_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-foundation_statement_7-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/Maps/NMMParks_map.pdf">"Foundation statement for the National Mall and Pennsylvania Avenue National Historic Park"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/FEISdocs.html">National Mall Plan</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. pp. 6–10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171226062014/https://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/Maps/NMMParks_map.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on December 26, 2017. Retrieved December 26, 2017. <q>The National Mall stretches from the grounds of the U.S. Capitol west to the Potomac River, and from the <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Memorial" title="Jefferson Memorial">Thomas Jefferson Memorial</a> north to Constitution Avenue.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Foundation+statement+for+the+National+Mall+and+Pennsylvania+Avenue+National+Historic+Park&rft.btitle=National+Mall+Plan&rft.pages=6-10&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnationalmallplan%2FMaps%2FNMMParks_map.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> Numbers preceding names of landmarks correspond to numbers in 2005 satellite image of the National Mall (proper). </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dcmemorials.com/index_indiv0000449.htm">"HENRY, Joseph: Memorial at the Smithsonian "Castle" in Washington, D.C., by William Wetmore Storey"</a>. dcMemorials.com. July 24, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111117002133/http://dcmemorials.com/index_indiv0000449.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2011. Retrieved April 16, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HENRY%2C+Joseph%3A+Memorial+at+the+Smithsonian+%22Castle%22+in+Washington%2C+D.C.%2C+by+William+Wetmore+Storey&rft.pub=dcMemorials.com&rft.date=2011-07-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdcmemorials.com%2Findex_indiv0000449.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosalesJobe2001" class="citation web cs1">Rosales, Jean K.; Jobe, Michael R. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kittytours.org/thatman2/search.asp?subject=6">"Joseph Henry statue"</a>. Who Is That Man, Anyway?. KittyTours. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081127172205/http://www.kittytours.org/thatman2/search.asp?subject=6">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2008. Retrieved April 16, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Who+Is+That+Man%2C+Anyway%3F&rft.atitle=Joseph+Henry+statue&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Rosales&rft.aufirst=Jean+K.&rft.au=Jobe%2C+Michael+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kittytours.org%2Fthatman2%2Fsearch.asp%3Fsubject%3D6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/HistoryCultureCollections/SIL7-154/pdf/SIL007-154.pdf">"Program for dedication ceremony for the Joseph Henry statue"</a> (PDF). Smithsonian Institution Libraries Digital Library. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>. April 19, 1883. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110919171352/http://www.sil.si.edu/digitalcollections/HistoryCultureCollections/SIL7-154/pdf/SIL007-154.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on September 19, 2011. Retrieved October 27, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Institution+Libraries+Digital+Library&rft.atitle=Program+for+dedication+ceremony+for+the+Joseph+Henry+statue&rft.date=1883-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sil.si.edu%2Fdigitalcollections%2FHistoryCultureCollections%2FSIL7-154%2Fpdf%2FSIL007-154.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=213">"Joseph Henry statue marker"</a>. Markers Attached to Sculpture series. HMdb.org: The Historical Marker Database. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121020025347/http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=213">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2012. Retrieved October 27, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Markers+Attached+to+Sculpture+series&rft.atitle=Joseph+Henry+statue+marker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hmdb.org%2Fmarker.asp%3Fmarker%3D213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gardens.si.edu/gardens/haupt-garden/downing-urn/">"The Downing Urn"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Gardens" title="Smithsonian Gardens">Smithsonian Gardens</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200316232605/https://gardens.si.edu/gardens/haupt-garden/downing-urn/">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Gardens&rft.atitle=The+Downing+Urn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgardens.si.edu%2Fgardens%2Fhaupt-garden%2Fdowning-urn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dcmemorials.com/index_indiv0000453.htm">"DOWNING, Andrew Jackson: Urn on the east side of the Arts & Industries Bldg in Washington, D.C. by Robert E Launitz, Calvert Vaux"</a>. dcMemorials.com. 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221015833/http://www.dcmemorials.com/index_indiv0000453.htm">Archived</a> from the original on December 21, 2016. Retrieved March 17, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DOWNING%2C+Andrew+Jackson%3A+Urn+on+the+east+side+of+the+Arts+%26+Industries+Bldg+in+Washington%2C+D.C.+by+Robert+E+Launitz%2C+Calvert+Vaux&rft.pub=dcMemorials.com&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdcmemorials.com%2Findex_indiv0000453.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hmdb.org/Marker.asp?Marker=13425">"Andrew Jackson Downing marker"</a>. HMdb.org: The Historical Marker Database. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918165537/https://www.hmdb.org/Marker.asp?Marker=46600">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2017. Retrieved October 27, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Andrew+Jackson+Downing+marker&rft.pub=HMdb.org%3A+The+Historical+Marker+Database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hmdb.org%2FMarker.asp%3FMarker%3D13425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smithsonian_carousel-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smithsonian_carousel_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smithsonian_carousel_11-1">b</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFToda2013" class="citation web cs1">Toda, Mitch (April 13, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://siarchives.si.edu/blog/favorite-smithsonian-carousel">"A Favorite - The Smithsonian Carousel"</a>. Smithsonian Institution Archives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916202549/https://siarchives.si.edu/blog/favorite-smithsonian-carousel">Archived</a> from the original on September 16, 2018. Retrieved September 16, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Favorite+-+The+Smithsonian+Carousel&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution+Archives&rft.date=2013-04-13&rft.aulast=Toda&rft.aufirst=Mitch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsiarchives.si.edu%2Fblog%2Ffavorite-smithsonian-carousel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalcarousel.com/">"Welcome to The Carousel on the National Mall, Washington, D.C."</a> nationalcarousel.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180916202534/http://www.nationalcarousel.com/">Archived</a> from the original on September 16, 2018. Retrieved September 16, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+to+The+Carousel+on+the+National+Mall%2C+Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=nationalcarousel.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalcarousel.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenson" class="citation web cs1">Benson, Chris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://carousels.org/psp/NationalMall/#">"The NCA Photo Show Project Presents: The 1947 Allan Herschell Carousel at The National Mall, Washington, DC"</a>. National Carousel Association. Retrieved September 16, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+NCA+Photo+Show+Project+Presents%3A+The+1947+Allan+Herschell+Carousel+at+The+National+Mall%2C+Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=National+Carousel+Association&rft.aulast=Benson&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarousels.org%2Fpsp%2FNationalMall%2F%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNathan2011" class="citation book cs1">Nathan, Amy (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xoh9uxFK4WYC&pg=printsec">Round and Round Together: Taking a Merry-Go-Round Ride into the Civil Rights Movement</a>. Philadelphia: Paul Dry Books. pp. 3, 15–19, 220–224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781589880719" title="Special:BookSources/9781589880719"><bdi>9781589880719</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2011029073">2011029073</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/669754920">669754920</a>. Retrieved September 16, 2018 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Round+and+Round+Together%3A+Taking+a+Merry-Go-Round+Ride+into+the+Civil+Rights+Movement&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=3%2C+15-19%2C+220-224&rft.pub=Paul+Dry+Books&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F669754920&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2011029073&rft.isbn=9781589880719&rft.aulast=Nathan&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXoh9uxFK4WYC%26pg%3Dprintsec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.si.edu/guides/english.htm">"Carousel"</a>. Welcome to the Smithsonian: Kid Stuff. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>. August 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100212123602/http://www.si.edu/guides/english.htm">Archived</a> from the original on February 12, 2010. Retrieved January 22, 2010. <q>Outdoors on the National Mall, across Jefferson Drive from the Arts and Industries Building, the Smithsonian carousel operates seasonally</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Welcome+to+the+Smithsonian%3A+Kid+Stuff&rft.atitle=Carousel&rft.date=2006-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.edu%2Fguides%2Fenglish.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Coordinates of the Smithsonian Carousel: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=National_Mall&params=38_53_20.93_N_77_01_28.44_W_type:landmark&title=Smithsonian+Carousel">38°53′20.93″N 77°01′28.44″W / 38.8891472°N 77.0245667°W / 38.8891472; -77.0245667 (Smithsonian Carousel)</a></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.si.edu/unit/african-american-museum">"National Museum of African American History and Culture"</a>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201113084547/https://www.si.edu/unit/african-american-museum">Archived</a> from the original on November 13, 2020. Retrieved February 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Museum+of+African+American+History+and+Culture&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.edu%2Funit%2Fafrican-american-museum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gsa.gov/historic-buildings/jamie-l-whitten-federal-building-washington-dc">"Jamie L. Whitten Federal Building, Washington, DC"</a>. <a href="/wiki/General_Services_Administration" title="General Services Administration">General Services Administration</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201126182800/https://www.gsa.gov/historic-buildings/jamie-l-whitten-federal-building-washington-dc">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved February 9, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jamie+L.+Whitten+Federal+Building%2C+Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=General+Services+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gsa.gov%2Fhistoric-buildings%2Fjamie-l-whitten-federal-building-washington-dc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.da.usda.gov/buildings.htm">"Histories of the USDA Headquarters Complex Buildings"</a>. U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090425013908/http://www.da.usda.gov/buildings.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2009. 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Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200316192943/https://gardens.si.edu/plan-your-visit/our-gardens/">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Gardens&rft.atitle=Our+Gardens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgardens.si.edu%2Fplan-your-visit%2Four-gardens%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gardens.si.edu/gardens/common-ground/">"Common Ground: Our American Garden"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Gardens" title="Smithsonian Gardens">Smithsonian Gardens</a>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200316201035/https://gardens.si.edu/gardens/common-ground/">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Gardens&rft.atitle=Common+Ground%3A+Our+American+Garden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgardens.si.edu%2Fgardens%2Fcommon-ground%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gardens.si.edu/gardens/haupt-garden">"Enid A. Haupt Garden"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Gardens" title="Smithsonian Gardens">Smithsonian Gardens</a>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200316225008/https://gardens.si.edu/gardens/haupt-garden/">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Gardens&rft.atitle=Enid+A.+Haupt+Garden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgardens.si.edu%2Fgardens%2Fhaupt-garden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gardens.si.edu/gardens/freer-courtyard-garden">"Freer Gallery of Art: Courtyard Garden"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Gardens" title="Smithsonian Gardens">Smithsonian Gardens</a>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200316211306/https://gardens.si.edu/gardens/freer-courtyard-garden/">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Gardens&rft.atitle=Freer+Gallery+of+Art%3A+Courtyard+Garden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgardens.si.edu%2Fgardens%2Ffreer-courtyard-garden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.si.edu/museums/hirshhorn-museum-and-sculpture-garden">"Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden"</a>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200513223115/https://www.si.edu/museums/hirshhorn-museum-and-sculpture-garden">Archived</a> from the original on May 13, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hirshhorn+Museum+and+Sculpture+Garden&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.edu%2Fmuseums%2Fhirshhorn-museum-and-sculpture-garden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gardens.si.edu/gardens/folger-rose-garden/">"Kathrine Dulin Folger Rose Garden"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Gardens" title="Smithsonian Gardens">Smithsonian Gardens</a>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200316224026/https://gardens.si.edu/gardens/folger-rose-garden/">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Gardens&rft.atitle=Kathrine+Dulin+Folger+Rose+Garden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgardens.si.edu%2Fgardens%2Ffolger-rose-garden%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gardens.si.edu/gardens/ripley-garden/">"Mary Livingston Ripley Garden"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Gardens" title="Smithsonian Gardens">Smithsonian Gardens</a>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200316222800/https://gardens.si.edu/gardens/ripley-garden/">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Gardens&rft.atitle=Mary+Livingston+Ripley+Garden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgardens.si.edu%2Fgardens%2Fripley-garden%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNesius2004" class="citation web cs1">Nesius, Marie (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061108023308/http://wvgardengate.homestead.com/Mary_Livingston_Ripley_Garden.htm">"Mary Livingston Ripley Garden"</a>. Kanawha County Master Gardeners, West Virginia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wvgardengate.homestead.com/Mary_Livingston_Ripley_Garden.htm">the original</a> on November 8, 2006. 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Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200316223333/https://gardens.si.edu/gardens/pollinator-garden/">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Gardens&rft.atitle=Pollinator+Garden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgardens.si.edu%2Fgardens%2Fpollinator-garden%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gardens.si.edu/gardens/urban-bird-habitat/">"Urban Bird Habitat"</a>. Smithsonian Gardens. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200316195445/https://gardens.si.edu/gardens/urban-bird-habitat/">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Gardens&rft.atitle=Urban+Bird+Habitat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgardens.si.edu%2Fgardens%2Furban-bird-habitat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gardens.si.edu/gardens/victory-garden/">"Victory Garden"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Gardens" title="Smithsonian Gardens">Smithsonian Gardens</a>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200316215835/https://gardens.si.edu/gardens/victory-garden/">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Gardens&rft.atitle=Victory+Garden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgardens.si.edu%2Fgardens%2Fvictory-garden%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilner1973" class="citation web cs1">Milner, John D. (June 22, 1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151024173313/http://focus.nps.gov/pdfhost/docs/NRHP/Text/74002175.pdf">"National Register of Historic Places Inventory Nomination: U.S. Department of Agriculture Administration Building"</a> (PDF). National Park Service. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/74002175_text">the original</a> on October 24, 2015. Retrieved June 12, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places+Inventory+Nomination%3A+U.S.+Department+of+Agriculture+Administration+Building&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft.date=1973-06-22&rft.aulast=Milner&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP%2FGetAsset%2FNRHP%2F74002175_text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Summary-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Summary_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Summary_27-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Summary_27-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Summary_27-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Summary_27-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/Documents/FEIS/NAMA_Summary2010.pdf">"National Mall Plan: Summary: Enriching Our National Experience: Envisioning a New Future (NPS 802/105261)"</a> (PDF). Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Mall_and_Memorial_Parks" title="National Mall and Memorial Parks">National Mall and Memorial Parks</a>. Fall 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120715071037/https://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/Documents/FEIS/NAMA_Summary2010.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 15, 2012. Retrieved November 10, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Mall+Plan%3A+Summary%3A+Enriching+Our+National+Experience%3A+Envisioning+a+New+Future+%28NPS+802%2F105261%29&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=National+Park+Service%2C+United+States+Department+of+the+Interior%2C+National+Mall+and+Memorial+Parks&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnationalmallplan%2FDocuments%2FFEIS%2FNAMA_Summary2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/National%20Mall%20Plan.html">"Update on the National Mall Plan"</a>. Enriching Your American Experience: The National Mall Plan. National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160803083532/https://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/National%20Mall%20Plan.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2016. Retrieved October 12, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Enriching+Your+American+Experience%3A+The+National+Mall+Plan&rft.atitle=Update+on+the+National+Mall+Plan&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnationalmallplan%2FNational%2520Mall%2520Plan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/Maps/AreaswithinNMall.pdf">"National Mall Areas"</a> (PDF). National Mall Plan. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150428000405/http://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/Maps/AreaswithinNMall.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on April 28, 2015. Retrieved October 19, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Mall+Plan&rft.atitle=National+Mall+Areas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnationalmallplan%2FMaps%2FAreaswithinNMall.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130605093715/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/graphics/ref_maps/physical/pdf/united_states.pdf">"Map of the United States: Inset showing Washington, D.C. area"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/graphics/ref_maps/physical/pdf/united_states.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on June 5, 2013. Retrieved October 14, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=Map+of+the+United+States%3A+Inset+showing+Washington%2C+D.C.+area&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgraphics%2Fref_maps%2Fphysical%2Fpdf%2Funited_states.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-112publ74/pdf/PLAW-112publ74.pdf">"Legislative Branch Appropriations Act, 2012"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress" title="Act of Congress">Public Law</a> 112-74, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government Printing Office">United States Government Printing Office</a>. December 23, 2011. p. 125 STAT. 1129. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120710231030/http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-112publ74/pdf/PLAW-112publ74.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on July 10, 2012. Retrieved March 2, 2012. <q> TRANSFER TO ARCHITECT OF THE CAPITOL Sec. 1202. (a) Transfer.—To the extent that the Director of the National Park Service has jurisdiction and control over any portion of the area described in subsection (b) and any monument or other facility which is located within such area, such jurisdiction and control is hereby transferred to the Architect of the Capitol as of the date of the enactment of this Act. (b) Area Described.—The area described in this subsection is the property which is bounded on the north by Pennsylvania Avenue Northwest, on the east by First Street Northwest and First Street Southwest, on the south by Maryland Avenue Southwest, and on the west by Third Street Southwest and Third Street Northwest.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public+Law+112-74%2C+Consolidated+Appropriations+Act%2C+2012&rft.atitle=Legislative+Branch+Appropriations+Act%2C+2012&rft.pages=125+STAT.+1129&rft.date=2011-12-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gpo.gov%2Ffdsys%2Fpkg%2FPLAW-112publ74%2Fpdf%2FPLAW-112publ74.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuane2011" class="citation news cs1">Ruane, Michael E. (December 27, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/control-of-the-malls-union-square-changes-hands/2011/12/22/gIQAtOSOLP_story.html">"Control of the Mall's Union Square changes hands"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140723065255/http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/control-of-the-malls-union-square-changes-hands/2011/12/22/gIQAtOSOLP_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2014. Retrieved January 5, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Control+of+the+Mall%27s+Union+Square+changes+hands&rft.date=2011-12-27&rft.aulast=Ruane&rft.aufirst=Michael+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fcontrol-of-the-malls-union-square-changes-hands%2F2011%2F12%2F22%2FgIQAtOSOLP_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nati_onal_Register_Nomination_—Form-33"><a href="#cite_ref-Nati_onal_Register_Nomination_%E2%80%94Form_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPfanz1981" class="citation web cs1">Pfanz, Donald C. (February 11, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/66000031_text">"National Register of Historic Places Inventory – Nomination Form: National Mall"</a>. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151223101453/http://focus.nps.gov/pdfhost/docs/NRHP/Text/66000031.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on December 23, 2015. Retrieved March 17, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places+Inventory+%E2%80%93+Nomination+Form%3A+National+Mall&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft.date=1981-02-11&rft.aulast=Pfanz&rft.aufirst=Donald+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP%2FGetAsset%2FNRHP%2F66000031_text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sherald-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sherald_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sherald_34-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sherald_34-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sherald_34-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sherald_34-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sherald_34-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherald2009" class="citation book cs1">Sherald, James L (December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/Documents/Studies/ElmsoftheMonuCore_HistandMgmtPlan_122009.pdf">Elms for the Monumental Core: History and Management Plan</a> (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Center for Urban Ecology, National Capital Region, <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. pp. 2–5. Natural Resource Report NPS/NCR/NRR--2009/001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101129074707/http://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/Documents/Studies/ElmsoftheMonuCore_HistandMgmtPlan_122009.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 29, 2010. Retrieved October 14, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elms+for+the+Monumental+Core%3A+History+and+Management+Plan&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=2-5&rft.pub=Center+for+Urban+Ecology%2C+National+Capital+Region%2C+National+Park+Service&rft.date=2009-12&rft.aulast=Sherald&rft.aufirst=James+L&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnationalmallplan%2FDocuments%2FStudies%2FElmsoftheMonuCore_HistandMgmtPlan_122009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/62wash/62locate1.htm">"Map 1: The L'Enfant Plan for Washington"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090121111024/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/62wash/62locate1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on January 21, 2009. Retrieved October 27, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Map+1%3A+The+L%27Enfant+Plan+for+Washington&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fhistory%2Fnr%2Ftwhp%2Fwwwlps%2Flessons%2F62wash%2F62locate1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li>L'Enfant identified himself as "Peter Charles L'Enfant" during most of his life, while residing in the United States. He wrote this name on his <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gmd/g3850.ct000512">"Plan of the city intended for the permanent seat of the government of t(he) United States ...."</a> (Washington, D.C.) and on other legal documents. However, during the early 1900s, a French ambassador to the United States, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Jules_Jusserand" title="Jean Jules Jusserand">Jean Jules Jusserand</a>, popularized the use of L'Enfant's birth name, "Pierre Charles L'Enfant". (See: Bowling, Kenneth R (2002). Peter Charles L'Enfant: vision, honor, and male friendship in the early American Republic. George Washington University, Washington, D.C.) The <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> identifies L'Enfant as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/Wash/text.htm">"Major Peter Charles L'Enfant"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140405134623/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/Wash/text.htm#washington">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2014. Retrieved October 27, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Major+Peter+Charles+L%27Enfant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fhistory%2Fnr%2Ftravel%2FWash%2Ftext.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> and as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/Nr/travel/presidents/washington_monument.html">"Major Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant]"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100228094032/http://www.nps.gov/history/Nr/travel/presidents/washington_monument.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 28, 2010. Retrieved October 27, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Major+Pierre+%28Peter%29+Charles+L%27Enfant%5D&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fhistory%2FNr%2Ftravel%2Fpresidents%2Fwashington_monument.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> on its website. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a> states in <a href="/wiki/Title_40_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 40 of the United States Code">40 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/40/3309">§ 3309</a>: "(a) In General.—The purposes of this chapter shall be carried out in the District of Columbia as nearly as may be practicable in harmony with the plan of Peter Charles L'Enfant."</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190703162854/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~CAP/MALL/carey.jpg">Portion of Mathew Carey's 1802 map of Washington City showing the Mall</a> In <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanlon" class="citation web cs1">Hanlon, Mary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19970728213334/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~CAP/MALL/chron.html">"The Mall: The Grand Avenue, The Government, and The People"</a>. University of Virginia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xroads.virginia.edu/~CAP/MALL/chron.html">the original</a> on July 28, 1997. Retrieved July 3, 2019. <q>Mathew Carey's 1802 map was the first one to name the stretch of land west of the Capitol as 'The Mall.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Mall%3A+The+Grand+Avenue%2C+The+Government%2C+and+The+People&rft.pub=University+of+Virginia&rft.aulast=Hanlon&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxroads.virginia.edu%2F~CAP%2FMALL%2Fchron.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDraper1802" class="citation web cs1">Draper, I. (1802). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dcsymbols.com/chronology/maps2.htm">"Washington City"</a> (map). Philadelphia: Mathew Carey. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/88694101">88694101</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120312105143/http://dcsymbols.com/chronology/maps2.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 12, 2012. Retrieved February 3, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Washington+City&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Mathew+Carey&rft.date=1802&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F88694101&rft.aulast=Draper&rft.aufirst=I.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdcsymbols.com%2Fchronology%2Fmaps2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988">In <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation document cs1">"Washington Map Chronology" (Document). dcsymbols.com. <q>Mathew Carey's 1802 map was the first one to name the stretch of land west of the Capitol as "The Mall."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Washington+Map+Chronology&rft.pub=dcsymbols.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> .</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlazerField2008" class="citation book cs1">Glazer, Nathan; Field, Cynthia R., eds. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V83SKEMbIY4C&pg=PA179">"A Chronology of the Mall"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V83SKEMbIY4C&pg=printsec">The National Mall: Rethinking Washington's Monumental Core</a>. Baltimore, Maryland: <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">The Johns Hopkins University Press</a>. p. 179. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8805-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8805-2"><bdi>978-0-8018-8805-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/166273738">166273738</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190703142756/https://books.google.com/books?id=V83SKEMbIY4C&pg=PA179">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2019. Retrieved July 3, 2019 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>. <q>1802: Mathew Carey's map of Washington is the first to name the stretch of land west of the Capitol as "The Mall".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Chronology+of+the+Mall&rft.btitle=The+National+Mall%3A+Rethinking+Washington%27s+Monumental+Core&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=179&rft.pub=The+Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F166273738&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-8805-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV83SKEMbIY4C%26pg%3DPA179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarey1802" class="citation book cs1">Carey, Mathew (1802). "Washington City". Carey's general atlas, improved and enlarged: being a collection of maps of the world and quarters, their principal empires, kingdoms, &c. Philadelphia: M. Carey and Son. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2020586053">2020586053</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Washington+City&rft.btitle=Carey%27s+general+atlas%2C+improved+and+enlarged%3A+being+a+collection+of+maps+of+the+world+and+quarters%2C+their+principal+empires%2C+kingdoms%2C+%26c.&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=M.+Carey+and+Son&rft.date=1802&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2020586053&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=Mathew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mallhistory.org/explorations/show/whymall">"Why is this space called a "Mall"?"</a>. Histories of the National Mall. <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax County, Virginia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Rosenzweig_Center_for_History_and_New_Media" title="Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media">Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190702050136/http://mallhistory.org/explorations/show/whymall">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2019. Retrieved July 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Histories+of+the+National+Mall&rft.atitle=Why+is+this+space+called+a+%22Mall%22%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmallhistory.org%2Fexplorations%2Fshow%2Fwhymall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalford1887–93" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-year-range-abbreviated cs1-prop-long-vol">Walford, Edward (1887–93). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433075901656&view=1up&seq=94">"Chapter VII: The Mall and Spring Gardens"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433075901656&view=1up&seq=9">Old and New London: A Narrative of Its History, its People, and its Places</a>. Vol. 4: Westminster and the Western Suburbs (New ed.). <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England: Cassell & Company, Limited. pp. 74–85. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/35291703">35291703</a>. Retrieved July 2, 2019 – via <a href="/wiki/HathiTrust" title="HathiTrust">HathiTrust Digital Library</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+VII%3A+The+Mall+and+Spring+Gardens&rft.btitle=Old+and+New+London%3A+A+Narrative+of+Its+History%2C+its+People%2C+and+its+Places&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pages=74-85&rft.edition=New&rft.pub=Cassell+%26+Company%2C+Limited&rft.date=1887%2F1893&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F35291703&rft.aulast=Walford&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dnyp.33433075901656%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-canal-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-canal_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-canal_38-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-canal_38-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2013" class="citation web cs1">Williams, Paul K. (October 28, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://househistoryman.blogspot.com/2013/10/the-ill-fated-washington-city-canal.html">"The ill fated Washington City Canal: filled in and paved over in 1871"</a>. The House History Man. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160909221544/http://househistoryman.blogspot.com/2013/10/the-ill-fated-washington-city-canal.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2016. Retrieved June 19, 2018 – via <a href="/wiki/Blogger" class="mw-redirect" title="Blogger">Blogger</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+House+History+Man&rft.atitle=The+ill+fated+Washington+City+Canal%3A+filled+in+and+paved+over+in+1871&rft.date=2013-10-28&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Paul+K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhousehistoryman.blogspot.com%2F2013%2F10%2Fthe-ill-fated-washington-city-canal.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBryan1916" class="citation book cs1">Bryan, Wilhelmus Bogart (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WyIUAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA104">"Chapter IV. Erection of the City Hall"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WyIUAAAAYAAJ&pg=printsec">A History of the National Capital from Its Foundation Through the Period of the Adoption of the Organic Act</a>. Vol. 2. New York: MacMillan. p. 104. Retrieved October 8, 2009 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+IV.+Erection+of+the+City+Hall&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+National+Capital+from+Its+Foundation+Through+the+Period+of+the+Adoption+of+the+Organic+Act&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=MacMillan&rft.date=1916&rft.aulast=Bryan&rft.aufirst=Wilhelmus+Bogart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWyIUAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HMdb-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HMdb_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HMdb_40-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPfingsten,_Bill" class="citation web cs1">Pfingsten, Bill (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=209">""Lock Keeper's House" marker"</a>. HMdb.org: <a href="/wiki/The_Historical_Marker_Database" class="mw-redirect" title="The Historical Marker Database">The Historical Marker Database</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181217154440/https://www.hmdb.org/Marker.asp?Marker=111529">Archived</a> from the original on December 17, 2018. Retrieved December 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Lock+Keeper%27s+House%22+marker&rft.pub=HMdb.org%3A+The+Historical+Marker+Database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hmdb.org%2Fmarker.asp%3Fmarker%3D209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dredging-41">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dredging_41-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dredging_41-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobarge2011" class="citation web cs1">Robarge, Drew (March 28, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/03/washington-dcs-19th-century-reclamation-project/73078/">"Washington, D.C.'s 19th Century Reclamation Project"</a>. Technology. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180818094700/https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2011/03/washington-dcs-19th-century-reclamation-project/73078">Archived</a> from the original on August 18, 2018. Retrieved December 18, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Technology&rft.atitle=Washington%2C+D.C.%27s+19th+Century+Reclamation+Project&rft.date=2011-03-28&rft.aulast=Robarge&rft.aufirst=Drew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Ftechnology%2Farchive%2F2011%2F03%2Fwashington-dcs-19th-century-reclamation-project%2F73078%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lockkeeper-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lockkeeper_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lockkeeper_42-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lockkeeper_42-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalmall.org/lockkeepershouse">"Come see the restored Lockkeeper's House"</a>. Lockkeeper's House. Washington, D.C.: Trust for the National Mall. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404044847/https://www.nationalmall.org/lockkeepershouse/">Archived</a> from the original on April 4, 2019. Retrieved January 17, 2020. <q>The Lockkeeper's House – the oldest structure on the National Mall – has been relocated and restored as part of a major project that has transformed the site with a new visitor-friendly entrance, surrounding outdoor plaza and educational displays. Previously located just inches from heavy traffic at the corner of 17th Street and Constitution Avenue NW, the house was lifted and moved about 20 feet from the road. Untouched for more than 40 years, the 180-year old structure now welcomes visitors from around the world to the National Mall.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lockkeeper%27s+House&rft.atitle=Come+see+the+restored+Lockkeeper%27s+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalmall.org%2Flockkeepershouse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-renovation-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-renovation_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-renovation_43-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-renovation_43-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-renovation_43-3">d</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiner2018" class="citation news cs1">Weiner, Talia (July 5, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2018/07/05/625669691/181-year-old-lockkeepers-tiny-house-ready-for-its-next-chapter">"181-Year-Old Lockkeeper's Tiny House Ready For Its Next Chapter"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180718092540/https://www.npr.org/2018/07/05/625669691/181-year-old-lockkeepers-tiny-house-ready-for-its-next-chapter">Archived</a> from the original on July 18, 2018. Retrieved December 17, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=181-Year-Old+Lockkeeper%27s+Tiny+House+Ready+For+Its+Next+Chapter&rft.date=2018-07-05&rft.aulast=Weiner&rft.aufirst=Talia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2018%2F07%2F05%2F625669691%2F181-year-old-lockkeepers-tiny-house-ready-for-its-next-chapter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalmall.org/news/2018/10/23/historic-lockkeepers-house-opens-on-the-national-mall-following-major-renovation">"Historic Lockkeeper's House Opens on the National Mall Following Major Renovation"</a>. Washington, D.C.: Trust for the National Mall. October 23, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200117022001/https://www.nationalmall.org/news/2018/10/23/historic-lockkeepers-house-opens-on-the-national-mall-following-major-renovation">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2020. Retrieved January 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historic+Lockkeeper%27s+House+Opens+on+the+National+Mall+Following+Major+Renovation&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Trust+for+the+National+Mall&rft.date=2018-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalmall.org%2Fnews%2F2018%2F10%2F23%2Fhistoric-lockkeepers-house-opens-on-the-national-mall-following-major-renovation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorton1971" class="citation web cs1">Morton, W. Brown III (February 8, 1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NHLS/66000867_text">"National Register of Historic Places Inventory – Nomination Form: Smithsonian Institution Building"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180830005657/https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NHLS/66000867_text">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2018. Retrieved July 21, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places+Inventory+%E2%80%93+Nomination+Form%3A+Smithsonian+Institution+Building&rft.pub=National+Park+Service%2C+United+States+Department+of+the+Interior&rft.date=1971-02-08&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=W.+Brown+III&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP%2FGetAsset%2FNHLS%2F66000867_text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorres1985" class="citation book cs1">Torres, Louis (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publications.usace.army.mil/Portals/76/Publications/EngineerPamphlets/EP_870-1-21.pdf">"To the immortal name and memory of George Washington": The United States Army Corps of Engineers and the Construction of the Washington Monument</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">United States Government Printing Office</a>. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/85601652">85601652</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/12085597">12085597</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160624020048/http://www.publications.usace.army.mil/Portals/76/Publications/EngineerPamphlets/EP_870-1-21.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on June 24, 2016. Retrieved July 21, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22To+the+immortal+name+and+memory+of+George+Washington%22%3A+The+United+States+Army+Corps+of+Engineers+and+the+Construction+of+the+Washington+Monument&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F12085597&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F85601652&rft.aulast=Torres&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publications.usace.army.mil%2FPortals%2F76%2FPublications%2FEngineerPamphlets%2FEP_870-1-21.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenson-Short2016" class="citation book cs1">Benson-Short, Lisa (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k2HpDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA21">"Chapter 1: From Grand Avenue to Public Space"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k2HpDAAAQBAJ&pg=printsec">The National Mall: No Ordinary Public Space</a>. Toronto: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k2HpDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA29">29</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781442630574" title="Special:BookSources/9781442630574"><bdi>9781442630574</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2016448269">2016448269</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1049661165">1049661165</a>. Retrieved August 15, 2020 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+1%3A+From+Grand+Avenue+to+Public+Space&rft.btitle=The+National+Mall%3A+No+Ordinary+Public+Space&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1049661165&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2016448269&rft.isbn=9781442630574&rft.aulast=Benson-Short&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk2HpDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hanlon-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hanlon_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hanlon_47-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hanlon_47-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hanlon_47-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hanlon_47-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanlon" class="citation web cs1">Hanlon, Mary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605104907/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~CAP/MALL/chron.html">"The Mall: The Grand Avenue, The Government, and The People"</a>. University of Virginia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://xroads.virginia.edu/~CAP/MALL/chron.html">the original</a> on June 5, 2011. Retrieved July 3, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Mall%3A+The+Grand+Avenue%2C+The+Government%2C+and+The+People&rft.pub=University+of+Virginia&rft.aulast=Hanlon&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fxroads.virginia.edu%2F~CAP%2FMALL%2Fchron.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchuyler2000" class="citation web cs1">Schuyler, David (February 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anb.org/articles/17/17-00235.html">"Downing, Andrew Jackson"</a>. American Council of Learned Societies: American National Biography Online. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170918202843/http://www.anb.org/articles/17/17-00235.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2017. Retrieved September 18, 2017. <q>In late 1850 Downing was commissioned to landscape the public grounds in Washington, D.C. This 150-acre tract extended west from the foot of Capitol Hill to the site of the Washington Monument and then north to the president's house. Downing saw this as an opportunity not simply to ornament the capital but also to create the first large public park in the United States. He believed that the Washington park would encourage cities across the nation to provide healthful recreational grounds for their citizens. Although only the initial stages of construction had been completed at the time of his death, Downing's commission, as well as the influence of his writings, merited the epithet "Father of American Parks".</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Council+of+Learned+Societies%3A+American+National+Biography+Online&rft.atitle=Downing%2C+Andrew+Jackson&rft.date=2000-02&rft.aulast=Schuyler&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.anb.org%2Farticles%2F17%2F17-00235.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gardens.si.edu/gardens/haupt-garden/downing-urn/">"Downing's Plans for the Mall"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson_Downing_Urn" title="Andrew Jackson Downing Urn">Smithsonian Gardens: The Downing Urn</a>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200316232605/https://gardens.si.edu/gardens/haupt-garden/downing-urn/">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Smithsonian+Gardens%3A+The+Downing+Urn&rft.atitle=Downing%27s+Plans+for+the+Mall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgardens.si.edu%2Fgardens%2Fhaupt-garden%2Fdowning-urn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/6087997">Andrew Jackson Downing's Plan for the National Mall: Plan Showing Proposed Laying Out of the Public Grounds at Washington: Copied from the Original Plan by A. J. Downing: February. 1851. To Accompany the Annual Report dated October 1st, 1867, of Bvt Brig. Genl. N. Michler In Charge of Public Buildings, Grounds & Works</a>. File Unit: Maryland, the District of Columbia, and the Potomac River, 1784 - 1890. <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170917191331/https://catalog.archives.gov/id/6087997">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2017. Retrieved September 17, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Andrew+Jackson+Downing%27s+Plan+for+the+National+Mall%3A+Plan+Showing+Proposed+Laying+Out+of+the+Public+Grounds+at+Washington%3A+Copied+from+the+Original+Plan+by+A.+J.+Downing%3A+February.+1851.+To+Accompany+the+Annual+Report+dated+October+1st%2C+1867%2C+of+Bvt+Brig.+Genl.+N.+Michler+In+Charge+of+Public+Buildings%2C+Grounds+%26+Works&rft.series=File+Unit%3A+Maryland%2C+the+District+of+Columbia%2C+and+the+Potomac+River%2C+1784+-+1890&rft.pub=National+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatalog.archives.gov%2Fid%2F6087997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFthenakis2018" class="citation web cs1">Fthenakis, Lisa (May 31, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://siarchives.si.edu/blog/smithsonian%E2%80%99s-first-garden">"The Smithsonian's First Garden"</a> (<a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">blog</a>). Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Archives. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200613163108/https://siarchives.si.edu/blog/smithsonian%E2%80%99s-first-garden">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2020. Retrieved June 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Smithsonian%27s+First+Garden&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution+Archives&rft.date=2018-05-31&rft.aulast=Fthenakis&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsiarchives.si.edu%2Fblog%2Fsmithsonian%25E2%2580%2599s-first-garden&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBingham1898" class="citation journal cs1">Bingham, Theo. A (1898). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PaMdAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA3728">"Appendix CCC: Improvement and Care of Public Buildings and Grounds in the District of Columbia – Washington Monument"</a>. Annual Reports of the War Department for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1898. II (Part 6). Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government Printing Office">Government Printing Office</a>: 3728. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160424205200/https://books.google.com/books?id=PaMdAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA3728">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2012 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>. <q>RESERVATIONS IN SOUTHWEST DIVISION This division of the public grounds embraces the area lying between First and Seventeenth streets west and B street north, and includes the large and important parks known as Henry and Seaton parks, the Smithsonian grounds and Monument grounds.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Reports+of+the+War+Department+for+the+Fiscal+Year+Ended+June+30%2C+1898&rft.atitle=Appendix+CCC%3A+Improvement+and+Care+of+Public+Buildings+and+Grounds+in+the+District+of+Columbia+%E2%80%93+Washington+Monument&rft.volume=II&rft.issue=Part+6&rft.pages=3728&rft.date=1898&rft.aulast=Bingham&rft.aufirst=Theo.+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPaMdAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA3728&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/Documents/Studies/m2.pdf">"After the First Improvements: Changes to the Mall Parks after 1877"</a> (map). Cultural Landscape Inventory. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a>. 2006. p. 48. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201028085740/https://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/Documents/Studies/m2.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on October 28, 2020. Retrieved February 25, 2021. <q>This graphic depicts the nineteenth-century Mall reservations overlaid on the current Mall.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cultural+Landscape+Inventory&rft.atitle=After+the+First+Improvements%3A+Changes+to+the+Mall+Parks+after+1877&rft.pages=48&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnationalmallplan%2FDocuments%2FStudies%2Fm2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> Map of the Mall in 1893 showing the Monuments Grounds, Agricultural Grounds, Smithsonian Grounds, Armory Grounds, Public Grounds, and Botanical Gardens </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/historic-medical-sites/downtown-sites.html">"Former Site of Armory Square Hospital: Independence Avenue and 7th Street, SW, Washington, DC 20597"</a>. History of Medicine: Visit: Historic Medical Sites Near Washington DC. <a href="/wiki/Bethesda,_Maryland" title="Bethesda, Maryland">Bethesda, Maryland</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Health_and_Human_Services" title="United States Department of Health and Human Services">United States Department of Health and Human Services</a>: <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Library_of_Medicine" title="United States National Library of Medicine">United States National Library of Medicine</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181128012735/https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/historic-medical-sites/downtown-sites.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2018. Retrieved November 28, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+of+Medicine%3A+Visit%3A+Historic+Medical+Sites+Near+Washington+DC&rft.atitle=Former+Site+of+Armory+Square+Hospital%3A+Independence+Avenue+and+7th+Street%2C+SW%2C+Washington%2C+DC+20597&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nlm.nih.gov%2Fhmd%2Fhistoric-medical-sites%2Fdowntown-sites.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ahec.armywarcollege.edu/exhibits/CivilWarImagery/armory_square_hospital.cfm">"Armory Square Hospital"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Carlisle,_Pennsylvania" title="Carlisle, Pennsylvania">Carlisle, Pennsylvania</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_War_College" title="United States Army War College">United States Army War College</a>: <a href="/wiki/U.S._Army_Heritage_and_Education_Center" title="U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center">U.S. Army Heritage and Education Center</a> at Carlisle Barracks. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181128015343/https://ahec.armywarcollege.edu/exhibits/CivilWarImagery/armory_square_hospital.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2018. Retrieved November 28, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Armory+Square+Hospital&rft.place=Carlisle%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=United+States+Army+War+College%3A+U.S.+Army+Heritage+and+Education+Center+at+Carlisle+Barracks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fahec.armywarcollege.edu%2Fexhibits%2FCivilWarImagery%2Farmory_square_hospital.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacLean2014" class="citation web cs1">MacLean, Maggie (October 22, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.civilwarwomenblog.com/armory-square-hospital/">"Armory Square Hospital: Union Military Hospital in Washington DC"</a> (blog). Civil War Women: Women of the Civil War and Reconstruction Eras 1849-1877. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181128020910/https://www.civilwarwomenblog.com/armory-square-hospital/">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2018. Retrieved November 28, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Civil+War+Women%3A+Women+of+the+Civil+War+and+Reconstruction+Eras+1849-1877&rft.atitle=Armory+Square+Hospital%3A+Union+Military+Hospital+in+Washington+DC&rft.date=2014-10-22&rft.aulast=MacLean&rft.aufirst=Maggie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.civilwarwomenblog.com%2Farmory-square-hospital%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Agriculture-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Agriculture_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Agriculture_52-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://siris-sihistory.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&profile=all&source=~!sichronology&uri=full=3100001~!11415~!0">"United States Department of Agriculture Building"</a>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a> Research Information System. 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180722070125/https://siris-sihistory.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&profile=all&source=~!sichronology&uri=full=3100001~!11415~!0#focus">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2018. Retrieved July 21, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+Department+of+Agriculture+Building&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution+Research+Information+System&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsiris-sihistory.si.edu%2Fipac20%2Fipac.jsp%3F%26profile%3Dall%26source%3D~%21sichronology%26uri%3Dfull%3D3100001~%2111415~%210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScottLee1993" class="citation book cs1">Scott, Pamela; Lee, Antoinette Joséphine (1993). "The Mall". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JNxPAAAAMAAJ&q=constructed+in+1867-1868">Buildings of the District of Columbia</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0195061462" title="Special:BookSources/0195061462"><bdi>0195061462</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/93009187">93009187</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/252905913">252905913</a>. 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Histories of the National Mall. <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax County, Virginia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Rosenzweig_Center_for_History_and_New_Media" title="Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media">Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180621231002/http://mallhistory.org/explorations/show/center-market">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2018. Retrieved June 21, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Histories+of+the+National+Mall&rft.atitle=What+happened+to+George+Washington%27s+plan+for+a+market+near+the+Mall%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmallhistory.org%2Fexplorations%2Fshow%2Fcenter-market&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adolf-cluss.org/index.php?sub=3.5.20">"Center Market (1871–78)"</a>. Adolf-Cluss.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180621233335/http://www.adolf-cluss.org/index.php?sub=3.5.20">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2018. Retrieved June 21, 2018 – via Stimme.net.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Center+Market+%281871%E2%80%9378%29&rft.pub=Adolf-Cluss.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adolf-cluss.org%2Findex.php%3Fsub%3D3.5.20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/42">"Baltimore and Potomac Railway Station"</a>. Histories of the National Mall. <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax County, Virginia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Rosenzweig_Center_for_History_and_New_Media" title="Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media">Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181128002939/http://mallhistory.org/items/show/42">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2018. Retrieved November 28, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Histories+of+the+National+Mall&rft.atitle=Baltimore+and+Potomac+Railway+Station&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmallhistory.org%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mallhistory.org/explorations/show/railroad">"What happened to the railroad stations on the Mall?"</a>. Histories of the National Mall. <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax County, Virginia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Rosenzweig_Center_for_History_and_New_Media" title="Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media">Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181128010747/http://mallhistory.org/explorations/show/railroad">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2018. Retrieved November 28, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Histories+of+the+National+Mall&rft.atitle=What+happened+to+the+railroad+stations+on+the+Mall%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmallhistory.org%2Fexplorations%2Fshow%2Frailroad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownell2016" class="citation web cs1">Brownell, Richard (June 29, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.weta.org/boundarystones/2016/06/29/short-lived-baltimore-potomac-railroad-station-national-mall">"The Short-Lived Baltimore & Potomac Railroad Station on the National Mall"</a>. Boundary Stones: WETA's Local History Blog. <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County, Virginia</a>: <a href="/wiki/WETA-TV" title="WETA-TV">WETA</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181128010001/https://blogs.weta.org/boundarystones/2016/06/29/short-lived-baltimore-potomac-railroad-station-national-mall">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2018. Retrieved November 28, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boundary+Stones%3A+WETA%27s+Local+History+Blog&rft.atitle=The+Short-Lived+Baltimore+%26+Potomac+Railroad+Station+on+the+National+Mall&rft.date=2016-06-29&rft.aulast=Brownell&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.weta.org%2Fboundarystones%2F2016%2F06%2F29%2Fshort-lived-baltimore-potomac-railroad-station-national-mall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.si.edu/museums/arts-and-industries-building">"Arts and Industries Building"</a>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210223205348/https://www.si.edu/museums/arts-and-industries-building">Archived</a> from the original on February 23, 2021. Retrieved February 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arts+and+Industries+Building&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.edu%2Fmuseums%2Farts-and-industries-building&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.si.edu/Content/ahhp/pdf/AI-HSR2009/historicalbackgroundcontext.pdf">"Building History, Description and Significance: Historical Background and Context"</a> (PDF). Arts & Industries Building: Historic Structure Report. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>: Architectural History & Historic Preservation Division. August 31, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190802151624/https://www.si.edu/Content/ahhp/pdf/AI-HSR2009/historicalbackgroundcontext.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on August 2, 2019. 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National Register of Historic Places Inventory – Nomination Form. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200613074750/https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NHLS/66000854_text">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2020. Retrieved July 22, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places+Inventory+%E2%80%93+Nomination+Form&rft.atitle=Army+Medical+Museum+and+Library&rft.au=Boundary+Review+Task+Force%2C+HCRS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP%2FGetAsset%2FNHLS%2F66000854_text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rhode-59">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rhode_59-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rhode_59-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRhode2006" class="citation web cs1">Rhode, Michael G. (January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/709748">"The Rise and_Fall of the_Army_Medical Museum and Library"</a>. Washington History 2006. <a href="/wiki/Academia.edu" title="Academia.edu">Academia.edu</a>. pp. 87, 94–95. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180722003901/https://www.academia.edu/709748/The_Rise_and_Fall_of_the_Army_Medical_Museum_and_Library">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2018. Retrieved July 21, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+History+2006&rft.atitle=The+Rise+and_Fall+of+the_Army_Medical+Museum+and+Library&rft.pages=87%2C+94-95&rft.date=2006-01&rft.aulast=Rhode&rft.aufirst=Michael+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F709748&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/321">"Potomac Flats"</a>. Histories of the National Mall. <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax County, Virginia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Rosenzweig_Center_for_History_and_New_Media" title="Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media">Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180425164509/http://mallhistory.org/items/show/321">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2018. Retrieved December 18, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Histories+of+the+National+Mall&rft.atitle=Potomac+Flats&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmallhistory.org%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F321&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/326">"Potomac Flats Reclaimed"</a>. Histories of the National Mall. <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax County, Virginia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Rosenzweig_Center_for_History_and_New_Media" title="Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media">Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a>. July 9, 1875. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180502101612/http://mallhistory.org/items/show/326">Archived</a> from the original on May 2, 2018. Retrieved December 18, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Histories+of+the+National+Mall&rft.atitle=Potomac+Flats+Reclaimed&rft.date=1875-07-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmallhistory.org%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillespie1901" class="citation journal cs1">Gillespie, Brig. Gen. G.L. (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MkEtAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA1399">"Improvement of the Potomac River at Washington, District of Columbia: Work of the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1901"</a>. Annual Reports of the War Department for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 1901: Report of the Chief of Engineers, Part 2. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">United States Government Printing Office</a>: 1399–1405. Retrieved December 9, 2018 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Reports+of+the+War+Department+for+the+Fiscal+Year+Ended+June+30%2C+1901%3A+Report+of+the+Chief+of+Engineers%2C+Part+2&rft.atitle=Improvement+of+the+Potomac+River+at+Washington%2C+District+of+Columbia%3A+Work+of+the+Fiscal+Year+Ended+June+30%2C+1901&rft.pages=1399-1405&rft.date=1901&rft.aulast=Gillespie&rft.aufirst=Brig.+Gen.+G.L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMkEtAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA1399&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> Portion of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/resource/g3850.ct004454">"Map of Washington, D.C."</a> <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a>: The Matthews-Northrup Company. 1893. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181220183351/https://www.loc.gov/resource/g3850.ct004454">Archived</a> from the original on December 20, 2018. Retrieved December 20, 2018 – via <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Map+of+Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.place=Buffalo%2C+New+York&rft.pub=The+Matthews-Northrup+Company&rft.date=1893&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fresource%2Fg3850.ct004454&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moore-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Moore_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Moore_62-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore1902" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Charles, ed. (1902). "The Mall". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ob7PAAAAMAAJ">The Improvement Of The Park System Of The District of Columbia: Report by the United States Congress: Senate Committee on the District of Columbia and District of Columbia Park Commission</a>. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. pp. 43–46. Fifty-Seventh Congress, First Session, Senate Report No. 166 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Mall&rft.btitle=The+Improvement+Of+The+Park+System+Of+The+District+of+Columbia%3A+Report+by+the+United+States+Congress%3A+Senate+Committee+on+the+District+of+Columbia+and+District+of+Columbia+Park+Commission&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=43-46&rft.pub=Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1902&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOb7PAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> Rick Olmstead, an original member of the McMillan Commission, played a crucial role in leading the team to restore and redesign the National Mall. Drawing from his deep expertise in landscape architecture, Olmstead guided the commission in creating a comprehensive plan that emphasized both historical preservation and modern urban design. He coordinated efforts with fellow members such as Daniel Burnham, Frederick Law Olmsted Jr., Charles McKim, and Augustus Saint-Gaudens, ensuring a cohesive vision that integrated monumental architecture, expansive public lawns, and significant public art. Under Olmstead's leadership, the team meticulously planned the alignment of key monuments and the development of green spaces, establishing a blueprint that transformed the National Mall into the iconic and enduring public space it is today. His vision and dedication were instrumental in blending aesthetic appeal with functionality, ensuring that the Mall would serve as a central, unifying space for the nation's capital. The McMillan Plan. </li> <li id="cite_note-Mall_History-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mall_History_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mall_History_63-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mall_History_63-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mall_History_63-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/Documents/mallpaavhistory.pdf">"A HISTORY OF THE NATIONAL MALL AND PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE NATIONAL HISTORIC PARK"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091201054938/http://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/Documents/mallpaavhistory.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on December 1, 2009. Retrieved November 5, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+HISTORY+OF+THE+NATIONAL+MALL+AND+PENNSYLVANIA+AVENUE+NATIONAL+HISTORIC+PARK&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnationalmallplan%2FDocuments%2Fmallpaavhistory.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/wash/lenfant.htm">"The L'Enfant and McMillan Plans"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101028221822/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/wash/lenfant.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 28, 2010. Retrieved October 22, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+L%27Enfant+and+McMillan+Plans&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fhistory%2Fnr%2Ftravel%2Fwash%2Flenfant.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/wash/">"Washington, D.C.: A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091010001704/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/wash/">Archived</a> from the original on October 10, 2009. Retrieved October 27, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Washington%2C+D.C.%3A+A+National+Register+of+Historic+Places+Travel+Itinerary&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fhistory%2Fnr%2Ftravel%2Fwash%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-1937map-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1937map_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-1937map_66-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/resource/g3851f.ct004566/?r=0.51,0.33,0.372,0.176,0">"Public buildings in the District of Columbia"</a> (map). <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a> : Branch of Buildings. 1937. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/87694424">87694424</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/16868951">16868951</a>. Retrieved February 24, 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Public+buildings+in+the+District+of+Columbia&rft.pub=National+Park+Service%2C+United+States+Department+of+the+Interior+%3A+Branch+of+Buildings&rft.date=1937&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F16868951&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F87694424&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fresource%2Fg3851f.ct004566%2F%3Fr%3D0.51%2C0.33%2C0.372%2C0.176%2C0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> (Repository: Library of Congress Geography and Map Division) </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> Satellite imagery of the National Mall in Google maps in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=National_Mall&params=38.89_N_77.023611_W_scale:6500&title=National+Mall">38°53′24″N 77°01′25″W / 38.89°N 77.023611°W / 38.89; -77.023611 (National Mall)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-wartime-68"><a href="#cite_ref-wartime_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mallhistory.org/explorations/show/wartime">"How has the federal government used the Mall during times of war?"</a>. Histories of the National Mall. <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax County, Virginia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Rosenzweig_Center_for_History_and_New_Media" title="Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media">Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200128084624/http://mallhistory.org/explorations/show/wartime">Archived</a> from the original on January 28, 2020. Retrieved February 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Histories+of+the+National+Mall&rft.atitle=How+has+the+federal+government+used+the+Mall+during+times+of+war%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmallhistory.org%2Fexplorations%2Fshow%2Fwartime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-map2-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-map2_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-map2_69-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-map2_69-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-map2_69-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geographicus.com/P/AntiqueMap/washingtondc-randmcnally-1925">"Rand McNalley Standard Map of Washington, D.C."</a> 1925. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210206015116/https://www.geographicus.com/P/AntiqueMap/washingtondc-randmcnally-1925">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2021. Retrieved February 23, 2021 – via Geographicus Rare Antique Maps (www.geographicus.com).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rand+McNalley+Standard+Map+of+Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.date=1925&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geographicus.com%2FP%2FAntiqueMap%2Fwashingtondc-randmcnally-1925&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-map3-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-map3_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-map3_70-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/resource/g3851f.ct004565/?r=0.371,0.367,0.444,0.211,0">"Public buildings in the metropolitan area of Washington, D.C."</a> (map). Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/Federal_Works_Agency" title="Federal Works Agency">Federal Works Agency</a>: Public Buildings Administration: Office of the Buildings Manager. 1946. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/87694427">87694427</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1686895">1686895</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Public+buildings+in+the+metropolitan+area+of+Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Federal+Works+Agency%3A+Public+Buildings+Administration%3A+Office+of+the+Buildings+Manager&rft.date=1946&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1686895&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F87694427&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fresource%2Fg3851f.ct004565%2F%3Fr%3D0.371%2C0.367%2C0.444%2C0.211%2C0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tempos-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tempos_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tempos_71-1">b</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/331">"World War I Temporary Buildings"</a>. Histories of the National Mall. <a href="/wiki/Fairfax_County,_Virginia" title="Fairfax County, Virginia">Fairfax County, Virginia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Rosenzweig_Center_for_History_and_New_Media" title="Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media">Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191229174245/http://mallhistory.org/items/show/331">Archived</a> from the original on December 29, 2019. Retrieved February 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Histories+of+the+National+Mall&rft.atitle=World+War+I+Temporary+Buildings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmallhistory.org%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris_&_Ewing,_photographer" class="citation web cs1">Harris & Ewing, photographer. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2016854236/">"Washington Monument. View of Mall From Monument"</a> (photograph). Prints & Photographs Online Catalog. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. Retrieved February 22, 2021. <q>Date Created/Published: [between 1913 and 1918]</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Prints+%26+Photographs+Online+Catalog&rft.atitle=Washington+Monument.+View+of+Mall+From+Monument&rft.au=Harris+%26+Ewing%2C+photographer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fpictures%2Fitem%2F2016854236%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1914-1920/wwi">"U.S. Entry into World War I, 1917"</a>. Milestones: 1914–1920. Office of the Historian, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Service_Institute" title="Foreign Service Institute">Foreign Service Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210211205817/https://history.state.gov/milestones/1914-1920/wwi">Archived</a> from the original on February 11, 2021. Retrieved February 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Milestones%3A+1914%E2%80%931920&rft.atitle=U.S.+Entry+into+World+War+I%2C+1917&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fmilestones%2F1914-1920%2Fwwi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tempos2-73">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tempos2_73-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tempos2_73-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tempos2_73-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/Documents/Studies/m2.pdf">"World War I tempos"</a> (PDF). Cultural Landscape Inventory. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a>. 2006. pp. 52–53. Retrieved February 25, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cultural+Landscape+Inventory&rft.atitle=World+War+I+tempos&rft.pages=52-53&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnationalmallplan%2FDocuments%2FStudies%2Fm2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1914-1920/paris-peace">"The Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Versailles"</a>. Milestones: 1914–1920. Office of the Historian, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Service_Institute" title="Foreign Service Institute">Foreign Service Institute</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210222072944/https://history.state.gov/milestones/1914-1920/paris-peace">Archived</a> from the original on February 22, 2021. Retrieved February 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Milestones%3A+1914%E2%80%931920&rft.atitle=The+Paris+Peace+Conference+and+the+Treaty+of+Versailles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fmilestones%2F1914-1920%2Fparis-peace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSubcommittee_of_the_Committee_on_Appropriations,_United_States_Senate1920" class="citation book cs1">Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KuUsAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Statement%20of%20Col.%20Clarence%22">"Tuesday, February 1, 1921: Statement of Col. Clarence F. Ridley"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KuUsAAAAYAAJ">District of Columbia Appropriation Bill, 1922: Hearings Before The Subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, Sixty-sixth Congress, Third Session, on H.R. 15130 ...</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">United States Government Printing Office</a>. p. 209. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/671599351">671599351</a>. 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Retrieved February 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Histories+of+the+National+Mall&rft.atitle=World+War+II+Temporary+Buildings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmallhistory.org%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-elm-86">^ <a href="#cite_ref-elm_86-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-elm_86-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherald2009" class="citation book cs1">Sherald, James L (December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/Documents/Studies/ElmsoftheMonuCore_HistandMgmtPlan_122009.pdf">Elms for the Monumental Core: History and Management Plan</a> (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Center for Urban Ecology, National Capital Region, <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. Natural Resource Report NPS/NCR/NRR--2009/001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191214090516/https://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/Documents/Studies/ElmsoftheMonuCore_HistandMgmtPlan_122009.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on December 14, 2019. Retrieved August 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elms+for+the+Monumental+Core%3A+History+and+Management+Plan&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Center+for+Urban+Ecology%2C+National+Capital+Region%2C+National+Park+Service&rft.date=2009-12&rft.aulast=Sherald&rft.aufirst=James+L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnationalmallplan%2FDocuments%2FStudies%2FElmsoftheMonuCore_HistandMgmtPlan_122009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlores2006" class="citation web cs1">Flores, Alberto (June 13, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2006/060613.htm">"Jefferson Trees Resistant to Dutch Elm Disease"</a>. News & Events. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">United States Department of Agriculture</a>: <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Research_Service" title="Agricultural Research Service">Agricultural Research Service</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126191603/http://www.ars.usda.gov/news-events/news/research-news/2006/jefferson-trees-resistant-to-dutch-elm-disease/">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2021. Retrieved January 30, 2021. <q>In 2005, the newest American elm—named Jefferson—was released jointly by ARS and the National Park Service (NPS), after collaborative screening tests by Townsend and James L. Sherald, NPS Natural Resource Officer, showed it to have an outstanding level of <a href="/wiki/Dutch_elm_disease" title="Dutch elm disease">Dutch elm disease</a> (DED) tolerance. It was cloned in 1993 from the original tree, a survivor of about 300 elms planted on the National Mall in Southwest Washington in the 1930s.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News+%26+Events&rft.atitle=Jefferson+Trees+Resistant+to+Dutch+Elm+Disease&rft.date=2006-06-13&rft.aulast=Flores&rft.aufirst=Alberto&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ars.usda.gov%2Fis%2Fpr%2F2006%2F060613.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBentz2005" class="citation web cs1">Bentz, S.E. (February 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elmpost.org/2005-02.htm">"Mature American elm of variety "Jefferson," at the old Smithsonian building, Washington, DC"</a> (photograph). elmpost.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170202204918/http://www.elmpost.org/2005-02.htm">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2017. Retrieved January 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mature+American+elm+of+variety+%22Jefferson%2C%22+at+the+old+Smithsonian+building%2C+Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=elmpost.org&rft.date=2005-02&rft.aulast=Bentz&rft.aufirst=S.E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elmpost.org%2F2005-02.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherald2009" class="citation book cs1">Sherald, James L (December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/Documents/Studies/ElmsoftheMonuCore_HistandMgmtPlan_122009.pdf">Elms for the Monumental Core: History and Management Plan</a> (photograph). Washington, D.C.: Center for Urban Ecology, National Capital Region, <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. p. 38. Natural Resource Report NPS/NCR/NRR--2009/001. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191214090516/https://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/Documents/Studies/ElmsoftheMonuCore_HistandMgmtPlan_122009.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on December 14, 2019. Retrieved August 4, 2020. <q>Fig. 33. American elm 'Jefferson'. Parent tree on the National Mall in front of the Freer Gallery of Art on Jefferson Drive, flanked on either side by trees vegetatively propagated from it.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elms+for+the+Monumental+Core%3A+History+and+Management+Plan&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=Center+for+Urban+Ecology%2C+National+Capital+Region%2C+National+Park+Service&rft.date=2009-12&rft.aulast=Sherald&rft.aufirst=James+L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnationalmallplan%2FDocuments%2FStudies%2FElmsoftheMonuCore_HistandMgmtPlan_122009.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://planning.dc.gov/planning/frames.asp?doc=%2Fplanning%2Flib%2Fplanning%2Fpreservation%2Finventory%2F2009_alpha_version.pdf">"The National Mall"</a> (PDF). District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites: Alphabetical Version. Historic Preservation Office, Office of Planning, Government of the District of Columbia. 2009. pp. 103–104. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091104233021/http://planning.dc.gov/planning/frames.asp?doc=%2Fplanning%2Flib%2Fplanning%2Fpreservation%2Finventory%2F2009_alpha_version.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 4, 2009. Retrieved March 17, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=District+of+Columbia+Inventory+of+Historic+Sites%3A+Alphabetical+Version&rft.atitle=The+National+Mall&rft.pages=103-104&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplanning.dc.gov%2Fplanning%2Fframes.asp%3Fdoc%3D%252Fplanning%252Flib%252Fplanning%252Fpreservation%252Finventory%252F2009_alpha_version.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/2">"Uncle Beazley"</a>. Histories of the National Mall. Fairfax, Virginia: Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media, <a href="/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160416065903/http://mallhistory.org/items/show/2">Archived</a> from the original on April 16, 2016. Retrieved July 1, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Histories+of+the+National+Mall&rft.atitle=Uncle+Beazley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmallhistory.org%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siris-sihistory.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&profile=all&source=~!sichronology&uri=full=3100001~!9361~!0">"Uncle Beazley on the Mall"</a>. Historic Images of the Smithsonian. Smithsonian Institution Research Information System. 1976. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160815211422/http://siris-sihistory.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&profile=all&source=~!sichronology&uri=full=3100001~!9361~!0#focus">Archived</a> from the original on August 15, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historic+Images+of+the+Smithsonian&rft.atitle=Uncle+Beazley+on+the+Mall&rft.date=1976&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsiris-sihistory.si.edu%2Fipac20%2Fipac.jsp%3F%26profile%3Dall%26source%3D~%21sichronology%26uri%3Dfull%3D3100001~%219361~%210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoode1974" class="citation book cs1">Goode, James M. (1974). "Chapter 12: Uncle Beazley". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nXLqAAAAMAAJ">The Outdoor Sculpture of Washington, D.C.: A Comprehensive Historical Guide</a>. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 260. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780881032338" title="Special:BookSources/9780881032338"><bdi>9780881032338</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2610663">2610663</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170612163428/https://books.google.com/books?id=nXLqAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2017. Retrieved July 4, 2016 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>. <q>This 25-foot long replica of a Triceratops ... was placed on the Mall in 1967. ... The full-size Triceratops replica and eight other types of dinosaurs were designed by two prominent paleontologists, Dr. Barnum Brown of the American Museum of Natural History, in New York City, and Dr. John Ostrom of the Peabody Museum, in Peabody, Massachusetts. The sculptor, Louis Paul Jonas, executed these prehistoric animals in fiberglass, after the designs of Barnum and Ostrom, for the Sinclair Refining Company's Pavilion at the New York World's Fair of 1964. After the Fair closed, the nine dinosaurs, which weighed between 2 and 4 tons each, were placed on trucks and taken on a tour of the eastern United States. The Sinclair Refining Company promoted the tour for public relations and advertising purposes, since their trademark was the dinosaur. In 1967, the nine dinosaurs were given to various American museums. This particular replica was used for the filming of The Enormous Egg, a movie made by the <a href="/wiki/National_Broadcasting_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="National Broadcasting Company">National Broadcasting Company</a> for television, based on a children's book of the same name by Oliver Buttersworth. The movie features an enormous egg, out of which hatches a baby Tricerotops; the boy consults with the Smithsonian Institution which accepts Uncle Beasley for the National Zoo.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+12%3A+Uncle+Beazley&rft.btitle=The+Outdoor+Sculpture+of+Washington%2C+D.C.%3A+A+Comprehensive+Historical+Guide&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=260&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution+Press&rft.date=1974&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2610663&rft.isbn=9780881032338&rft.aulast=Goode&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnXLqAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Animals/ZooArt/UncleBeazley/">"A Dinosaur at the Zoo"</a>. Art at the National Zoo. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian National Zoological Park. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070612081739/http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Animals/ZooArt/UncleBeazley/">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2007. Retrieved July 1, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Art+at+the+National+Zoo&rft.atitle=A+Dinosaur+at+the+Zoo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnationalzoo.si.edu%2FAnimals%2FZooArt%2FUncleBeazley%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButterworth1956" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Butterworth_(writer)" title="Oliver Butterworth (writer)">Butterworth, Oliver</a> (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wtIa1N0-Z78C">The Enormous Egg</a>. Illustrations: Louis Darling. Boston: Little, Brown and Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0590475460" title="Special:BookSources/0590475460"><bdi>0590475460</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/299175">299175</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170612163428/https://books.google.com/books?id=wtIa1N0-Z78C">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2017. Retrieved July 4, 2016 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Enormous+Egg&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+and+Co.&rft.date=1956&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F299175&rft.isbn=0590475460&rft.aulast=Butterworth&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwtIa1N0-Z78C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/book/enormous-egg">"About this book"</a>. The Enormous Egg by Oliver Butterworth, illustrated by Louis Darling. Scholastic Inc. 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120831191835/http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/book/enormous-egg">Archived</a> from the original on August 31, 2012. Retrieved July 3, 2016. <q>At first Nate doesn't see what all the fuss is all about. All he wants is to keep his new pet. But Uncle Beazley, the dinosaur himself, just keeps getting bigger and bigger...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Enormous+Egg+by+Oliver+Butterworth%2C+illustrated+by+Louis+Darling&rft.atitle=About+this+book&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scholastic.com%2Fteachers%2Fbook%2Fenormous-egg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0311075/">"NBC Children's Theatre (1963–1973): The Enormous Egg: Episode aired 18 April 1968"</a>. IMDb.com, Inc. 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080309154701/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0311075/">Archived</a> from the original on March 9, 2008. Retrieved July 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NBC+Children%27s+Theatre+%281963%E2%80%931973%29%3A+The+Enormous+Egg%3A+Episode+aired+18+April+1968&rft.pub=IMDb.com%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0311075%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacIntyre2003" class="citation web cs1">MacIntyre, F Gwynplaine (May 28, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0311075/">"User Comment"</a>. NBC Children's Theatre (1963–1973): The Enormous Egg: Episode aired 18 April 1968. IMDb.com, Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080309154701/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0311075/">Archived</a> from the original on March 9, 2008. Retrieved July 3, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+Children%27s+Theatre+%281963%E2%80%931973%29%3A+The+Enormous+Egg%3A+Episode+aired+18+April+1968&rft.atitle=User+Comment&rft.date=2003-05-28&rft.aulast=MacIntyre&rft.aufirst=F+Gwynplaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0311075%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> Commemorative Works Clarification and Revision Act of 2003, in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_cong_public_laws&do">"Public Law 108-126, Title II (117 Stat. 1349 - 117 Stat. 1353)"</a>. November 17, 2003. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050226210642/http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=108_cong_public_laws&docid=f%3Apubl126.108.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on February 26, 2005. Retrieved February 4, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Public+Law+108-126%2C+Title+II+%28117+Stat.+1349+-+117+Stat.+1353%29&rft.date=2003-11-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffrwebgate.access.gpo.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fgetdoc.cgi%3Fdbname%3D108_cong_public_laws%26do&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuane2013" class="citation news cs1">Ruane, Michael E. (October 1, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/national-mall-visitors-may-face-barricades-instead-of-welcomes/2013/09/30/8935c22e-29ec-11e3-b139-029811dbb57f_story.html">"During a shutdown, Mall visitors will see barricades, not landmarks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150221215011/http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/national-mall-visitors-may-face-barricades-instead-of-welcomes/2013/09/30/8935c22e-29ec-11e3-b139-029811dbb57f_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2015. Retrieved February 21, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=During+a+shutdown%2C+Mall+visitors+will+see+barricades%2C+not+landmarks&rft.date=2013-10-01&rft.aulast=Ruane&rft.aufirst=Michael+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fnational-mall-visitors-may-face-barricades-instead-of-welcomes%2F2013%2F09%2F30%2F8935c22e-29ec-11e3-b139-029811dbb57f_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuaneWilgoren2013" class="citation news cs1">Ruane, Michael E.; Wilgoren, Debbi (October 1, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/visiting-veterans-storm-closed-wwii-memorial/2013/10/01/0fc2a376-2ab4-11e3-8ade-a1f23cda135e_story.html">"Visiting veterans storm closed war memorial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150212200011/http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/visiting-veterans-storm-closed-wwii-memorial/2013/10/01/0fc2a376-2ab4-11e3-8ade-a1f23cda135e_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 12, 2015. Retrieved February 21, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Visiting+veterans+storm+closed+war+memorial&rft.date=2013-10-01&rft.aulast=Ruane&rft.aufirst=Michael+E.&rft.au=Wilgoren%2C+Debbi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fvisiting-veterans-storm-closed-wwii-memorial%2F2013%2F10%2F01%2F0fc2a376-2ab4-11e3-8ade-a1f23cda135e_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuaneBerman2013" class="citation news cs1">Ruane, Michael E.; Berman, Mark (October 2, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/national-park-service-to-keep-ww-ii-memorial-open-to-veterans/2013/10/02/bddb5678-2b8c-11e3-b139-029811dbb57f_story.html">"National Park Service to keep WWII Memorial open to veterans, as visitors skirt shutdown"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150221213132/http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/national-park-service-to-keep-ww-ii-memorial-open-to-veterans/2013/10/02/bddb5678-2b8c-11e3-b139-029811dbb57f_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2015. Retrieved February 21, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=National+Park+Service+to+keep+WWII+Memorial+open+to+veterans%2C+as+visitors+skirt+shutdown&rft.date=2013-10-02&rft.aulast=Ruane&rft.aufirst=Michael+E.&rft.au=Berman%2C+Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fnational-park-service-to-keep-ww-ii-memorial-open-to-veterans%2F2013%2F10%2F02%2Fbddb5678-2b8c-11e3-b139-029811dbb57f_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGomez2015" class="citation news cs1">Gomez, Alan (November 8, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/10/08/government-shutdown-immigration-rally/2942257/">"Immigration rally allowed on Mall despite shutdown"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180929001812/http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/10/08/government-shutdown-immigration-rally/2942257/">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2018. Retrieved February 21, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Immigration+rally+allowed+on+Mall+despite+shutdown&rft.date=2015-11-08&rft.aulast=Gomez&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2F2013%2F10%2F08%2Fgovernment-shutdown-immigration-rally%2F2942257%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leef-95">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Leef_95-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leef_95-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leef_95-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmithMelillo1996" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Leef; Melillo, Wendy (October 13, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1996/10/13/if-its-crowd-size-you-want-park-service-says-count-it-out/0ec7dcf4-3206-48ee-b062-1459e4ddc28c/">"If It's Crowd Size You Want, Park Service Says Count It Out; Congress Told Agency to Stop, Official Says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. p. A.34. Retrieved November 29, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=If+It%27s+Crowd+Size+You+Want%2C+Park+Service+Says+Count+It+Out%3B+Congress+Told+Agency+to+Stop%2C+Official+Says&rft.pages=A.34&rft.date=1996-10-13&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Leef&rft.au=Melillo%2C+Wendy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1996%2F10%2F13%2Fif-its-crowd-size-you-want-park-service-says-count-it-out%2F0ec7dcf4-3206-48ee-b062-1459e4ddc28c%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nukols-96">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nukols_96-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nukols_96-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNukols2017" class="citation web cs1">Nukols, Ben (January 18, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bigstory.ap.org/article/7afad98b7d78423cbb5140fe810e3480/when-it-comes-inaugural-crowds-does-size-matter">"Inaugural crowds sure to be huge _ but how huge?"</a>. The Big Story. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170213034009/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/7afad98b7d78423cbb5140fe810e3480/when-it-comes-inaugural-crowds-does-size-matter">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2017. Retrieved March 16, 2017. <q>IT STARTS WITH THE MILLION MAN MARCH ..... The agency still estimates crowd size for its own planning purposes, but does not publicly reveal the figures. "No matter what we said or did, no one ever felt we gave a fair estimate," U.S. Park Police Maj. J.J. McLaughlin, who had been in charge of coordinating crowd estimates, said in 1996 when the agency confirmed it would no longer count heads.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Big+Story&rft.atitle=Inaugural+crowds+sure+to+be+huge+_+but+how+huge%3F&rft.date=2017-01-18&rft.aulast=Nukols&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbigstory.ap.org%2Farticle%2F7afad98b7d78423cbb5140fe810e3480%2Fwhen-it-comes-inaugural-crowds-does-size-matter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRegula1996" class="citation web cs1">Regula, Ralph (June 18, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=104_cong_reports&do">"House of Representatives Report 104-625: Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Bill, 1997, to accompany H.R. 3662"</a>. p. 28. Retrieved November 30, 2010. <q>The Committee has provided no funding for crowd counting activities associated with gatherings held on federal property in Washington, D.C. If event organizers wish to have an estimate on the number of people participating in their event, then those organizers should hire a private sector firm to conduct the count.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=House+of+Representatives+Report+104-625%3A+Department+of+the+Interior+and+Related+Agencies+Appropriations+Bill%2C+1997%2C+to+accompany+H.R.+3662&rft.pages=28&rft.date=1996-06-18&rft.aulast=Regula&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffrwebgate.access.gpo.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fgetdoc.cgi%3Fdbname%3D104_cong_reports%26do&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] Note: The Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Bill, 1997 (H.R. 3662), was incorporated into the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ustreas.gov/offices/enforcement/ofac/legal/statutes/pl104_208.pdf">"Omnibus Consolidated Appropriations Act, 1997 (Public Law 104-208, Sept. 30, 1996)"</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100527214636/http://www.ustreas.gov/offices/enforcement/ofac/legal/statutes/pl104_208.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved December 1, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Omnibus+Consolidated+Appropriations+Act%2C+1997+%28Public+Law+104-208%2C+Sept.+30%2C+1996%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ustreas.gov%2Foffices%2Fenforcement%2Fofac%2Flegal%2Fstatutes%2Fpl104_208.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988">at 110 STAT. 3009-181. </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodier2001" class="citation news cs1">Goodier, Rob (September 12, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a7121/the-curious-science-of-counting-a-crowd/">"The Curious Science of Counting a Crowd"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Popular_Mechanics" title="Popular Mechanics">Popular Mechanics</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160905082431/http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/a7121/the-curious-science-of-counting-a-crowd/">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2016. Retrieved August 26, 2016. <q>For its part, the National Park Service tries to stay above the fray by not estimating crowd sizes. It stopped providing head counts after the organizers of the 1995 Million Man March accused the service of underestimating their crowd.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Mechanics&rft.atitle=The+Curious+Science+of+Counting+a+Crowd&rft.date=2001-09-12&rft.aulast=Goodier&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popularmechanics.com%2Fscience%2Fa7121%2Fthe-curious-science-of-counting-a-crowd%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKenna2009" class="citation news cs1">McKenna, Dave (January 16, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/news/article/13036747/the-3-to-5-million-man-march">"The 3 to 5 Million Man March: Crowd estimates could lead to post-swearing-in swearing, history shows"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Washington_City_Paper" title="Washington City Paper">Washington City Paper</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160919032911/http://www.washingtoncitypaper.com/news/article/13036747/the-3-to-5-million-man-march">Archived</a> from the original on September 19, 2016. Retrieved August 26, 2016. <q>Street hasn't been asked to come up with an official estimate for any D.C. event in a long while. And that 1991 manual is currently not used by his agency. Street and the Park Service, in fact, have been specifically barred by an act of Congress from divulging official crowd estimates—but only for D.C. gatherings. 'Ever since the Million Man March,' he says. 'That changed things.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+City+Paper&rft.atitle=The+3+to+5+Million+Man+March%3A+Crowd+estimates+could+lead+to+post-swearing-in+swearing%2C+history+shows&rft.date=2009-01-16&rft.aulast=McKenna&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoncitypaper.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F13036747%2Fthe-3-to-5-million-man-march&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavisRosenberg2017" class="citation news cs1">Davis, Julie Hirschfeld; Rosenberg, Matthew (January 21, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/21/us/politics/trump-white-house-briefing-inauguration-crowd-size.html">"With False Claims, Trump Attacks Media on Turnout and Intelligence Rift"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170314181933/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/21/us/politics/trump-white-house-briefing-inauguration-crowd-size.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 14, 2017. Retrieved March 15, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=With+False+Claims%2C+Trump+Attacks+Media+on+Turnout+and+Intelligence+Rift&rft.date=2017-01-21&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Julie+Hirschfeld&rft.au=Rosenberg%2C+Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F01%2F21%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftrump-white-house-briefing-inauguration-crowd-size.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallaceParlapiano2017" class="citation news cs1">Wallace, Tim; Parlapiano, Alicia (January 22, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/22/us/politics/womens-march-trump-crowd-estimates.html">"Crowd Scientists Say Women's March in Washington Had 3 Times More People Than Trump's Inauguration"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170313210125/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/22/us/politics/womens-march-trump-crowd-estimates.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 13, 2017. Retrieved March 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Crowd+Scientists+Say+Women%27s+March+in+Washington+Had+3+Times+More+People+Than+Trump%27s+Inauguration&rft.date=2017-01-22&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Parlapiano%2C+Alicia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2017%2F01%2F22%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Fwomens-march-trump-crowd-estimates.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3657527.stm">"Abortion activists on the march"</a>. BBC. April 26, 2004. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090924041103/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3657527.stm">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2009. Retrieved June 8, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Abortion+activists+on+the+march&rft.date=2004-04-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Famericas%2F3657527.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUrbina2007" class="citation news cs1">Urbina, Ian (January 28, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2007%2F01%2F28%2FMNGASNQDO81.DTL">"Wide opposition to war energizes protests / Washington: Jane Fonda among celebrity protesters joining veterans, politicians in calling for end to war"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070219144357/http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=%2Fc%2Fa%2F2007%2F01%2F28%2FMNGASNQDO81.DTL">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2007. Retrieved January 28, 2007 – via <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle#Web" title="San Francisco Chronicle">SFGate</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Wide+opposition+to+war+energizes+protests+%2F+Washington%3A+Jane+Fonda+among+celebrity+protesters+joining+veterans%2C+politicians+in+calling+for+end+to+war&rft.date=2007-01-28&rft.aulast=Urbina&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%252Fc%252Fa%252F2007%252F01%252F28%252FMNGASNQDO81.DTL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUrbina2007" class="citation news cs1">Urbina, Ian (January 28, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/28/washington/28protest.html?hp&ex=1170046800&en=defcbb536a8a2453&ei=5094&partner=homepage">"Protest Focuses on Iraq Troop Increase"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130530095540/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/28/washington/28protest.html?hp&ex=1170046800&en=defcbb536a8a2453&ei=5094&partner=homepage">Archived</a> from the original on May 30, 2013. Retrieved January 28, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Protest+Focuses+on+Iraq+Troop+Increase&rft.date=2007-01-28&rft.aulast=Urbina&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F01%2F28%2Fwashington%2F28protest.html%3Fhp%26ex%3D1170046800%26en%3Ddefcbb536a8a2453%26ei%3D5094%26partner%3Dhomepage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharles2007" class="citation news cs1">Charles, Deborah (January 28, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2007%2F1%2F28%2Fworldupdates%2F2007-01-28T093422Z_01_NOOTR_RTRJONC_0_-285278-1&sec=Worldupdates">"Tens of thousands demand U.S. get out of Iraq"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Malaysia)" title="The Star (Malaysia)">The Star</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081211160052/http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=%2F2007%2F1%2F28%2Fworldupdates%2F2007-01-28T093422Z_01_NOOTR_RTRJONC_0_-285278-1&sec=Worldupdates">Archived</a> from the original on December 11, 2008. 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Retrieved September 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Capitals%27+Stanley+Cup+parade%3A+Ovechkin%27s+speech+brings+the+celebration+to+a+wild+end&rft.date=2018-06-12&rft.aulast=Boren&rft.aufirst=Cindy&rft.au=Allen%2C+Scott&rft.au=Larimer%2C+Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fcapitals-insider%2Fwp%2F2018%2F06%2F12%2Fcapitals-stanley-cup-victory-parade%2F%3Fnoredirect%3Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStewart2008" class="citation news cs1">Stewart, Nikita (December 5, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/12/04/AR2008120403719.html?hpid=topnews">"Entire Mall To Be Open To Public"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121111112455/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/12/04/AR2008120403719.html?hpid=topnews">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2012. Retrieved December 5, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Entire+Mall+To+Be+Open+To+Public&rft.date=2008-12-05&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=Nikita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2008%2F12%2F04%2FAR2008120403719.html%3Fhpid%3Dtopnews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pic2009.org/pressroom/entry/open_inauguration/">"National Mall Will Be Open to the Public on Inauguration Day"</a>. December 4, 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081207144648/http://www.pic2009.org/pressroom/entry/open_inauguration/">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2008. Retrieved March 14, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Mall+Will+Be+Open+to+the+Public+on+Inauguration+Day&rft.date=2008-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pic2009.org%2Fpressroom%2Fentry%2Fopen_inauguration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHiggins2009" class="citation news cs1">Higgins, Adrian (March 26, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/25/AR2009032500925.html">"For Smithsonian, a Sad Souvenir of the Inauguration"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. p. H.1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121111112504/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/25/AR2009032500925.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2012. Retrieved March 23, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=For+Smithsonian%2C+a+Sad+Souvenir+of+the+Inauguration&rft.pages=H.1&rft.date=2009-03-26&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2009%2F03%2F25%2FAR2009032500925.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConstableSheridan2009" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Constable" title="Pamela Constable">Constable, Pamela</a>; Sheridan, Mary Beth (January 22, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/01/21/AR2009012104248.html?sid=ST2009012003386&s_pos=">"Ticket and Travel Troubles Cloud Inauguration Success"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. p. A01. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121111093710/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/01/21/AR2009012104248.html?sid=ST2009012003386&s_pos=">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2012. Retrieved January 22, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Ticket+and+Travel+Troubles+Cloud+Inauguration+Success&rft.pages=A01&rft.date=2009-01-22&rft.aulast=Constable&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft.au=Sheridan%2C+Mary+Beth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2009%2F01%2F21%2FAR2009012104248.html%3Fsid%3DST2009012003386%26s_pos%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local-beat/Surviving-the-Purple-Tunnel-of-Doom.html">"Surviving the Purple Tunnel of Doom: Ticketed parade goers stranded in tunnel"</a>. NBC Washington. January 21, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200814001613/https://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/surviving-the-purple-tunnel-of-doom/2092831/">Archived</a> from the original on August 14, 2020. Retrieved March 1, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Surviving+the+Purple+Tunnel+of+Doom%3A+Ticketed+parade+goers+stranded+in+tunnel&rft.date=2009-01-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcwashington.com%2Fnews%2Flocal-beat%2FSurviving-the-Purple-Tunnel-of-Doom.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Coordinates of Third Street Tunnel: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=National_Mall&params=38.8897468_N_77.0143747_W_region:US-DC_type:landmark&title=I-395+Third+Street+Tunnel">38°53′23″N 77°00′52″W / 38.8897468°N 77.0143747°W / 38.8897468; -77.0143747 (I-395 Third Street Tunnel)</a></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheridan2009" class="citation news cs1">Sheridan, Mary (January 20, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190518140205/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/inauguration-watch/2009/01/officials_too_many_tickets_for.html">"Officials: Too Many Tickets for Blue, Purple Areas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://voices.washingtonpost.com/inauguration-watch/2009/01/officials_too_many_tickets_for.html">the original</a> on May 18, 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2021. <q>Senate Sergeant-at-Arms Terrance W. Gainer estimated that several thousand people with blue and purple tickets could not get into the designated sections. "It does appear that maybe there were more tickets in purple and blue than bulky people in coats would permit," he said.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Officials%3A+Too+Many+Tickets+for+Blue%2C+Purple+Areas&rft.date=2009-01-20&rft.aulast=Sheridan&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvoices.washingtonpost.com%2Finauguration-watch%2F2009%2F01%2Fofficials_too_many_tickets_for.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStabley2009" class="citation news cs1">Stabley, Matthew (January 29, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/No-Consolation-Blocked-Ticket-Holders-Get-Parting-Gifts.html">"No Consolation: Parting gifts for blocked ticket holders"</a>. NBC Washington. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140415080315/http://www.nbcwashington.com/news/local/No-Consolation-Blocked-Ticket-Holders-Get-Parting-Gifts.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 15, 2014. Retrieved April 16, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=No+Consolation%3A+Parting+gifts+for+blocked+ticket+holders&rft.date=2009-01-29&rft.aulast=Stabley&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcwashington.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2FNo-Consolation-Blocked-Ticket-Holders-Get-Parting-Gifts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGosford" class="citation news cs1">Gosford, Jane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140416191840/http://traveltips.usatoday.com/activities-national-mall-washington-dc-105342.html">"Activities at the National Mall in Washington, D.C."</a> <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://traveltips.usatoday.com/activities-national-mall-washington-dc-105342.html">the original</a> on April 16, 2014. Retrieved March 30, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Activities+at+the+National+Mall+in+Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.aulast=Gosford&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftraveltips.usatoday.com%2Factivities-national-mall-washington-dc-105342.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHahn" class="citation web cs1">Hahn, Fritz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200313190830/https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2020/03/05/dc-coronavirus-tourism/">"Coronavirus closes Smithsonian museums, cancels National Cherry Blossom Festival events"</a>. Going Out Guide. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/dc-md-va/2020/03/05/dc-coronavirus-tourism/">the original</a> on March 13, 2020. Retrieved March 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Going+Out+Guide&rft.atitle=Coronavirus+closes+Smithsonian+museums%2C+cancels+National+Cherry+Blossom+Festival+events&rft.aulast=Hahn&rft.aufirst=Fritz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fdc-md-va%2F2020%2F03%2F05%2Fdc-coronavirus-tourism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGold2000" class="citation news cs1">Gold, Matea (April 23, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-apr-23-mn-22596-story.html">"Thousands at National Mall for Earth Day"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140416183044/http://articles.latimes.com/2000/apr/23/news/mn-22596">Archived</a> from the original on April 16, 2014. Retrieved March 30, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Thousands+at+National+Mall+for+Earth+Day&rft.date=2000-04-23&rft.aulast=Gold&rft.aufirst=Matea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2000-apr-23-mn-22596-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2008" class="citation web cs1">Cooper, Rachel (April 20, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dc.about.com/od/specialevents/a/EarthDayMall.htm">"Earth Day on the National Mall"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080410191725/http://dc.about.com/od/specialevents/a/EarthDayMall.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2008. Retrieved April 19, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Earth+Day+on+the+National+Mall&rft.date=2008-04-20&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdc.about.com%2Fod%2Fspecialevents%2Fa%2FEarthDayMall.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrauss2008" class="citation news cs1">Strauss, Valerie (April 21, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/story/2008/04/20/ST2008042002453.html">"Raining on Her Own Parade: Earth Day Festival 'Great' Despite Mother Nature's Whims"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. p. 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A.1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Watt+Outlaws+Rock+Music+on+Mall+for+July+4&rft.pages=A.1&rft.date=1983-04-06&rft.aulast=McCombs&rft.aufirst=Phil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCombsHarrington1983" class="citation news cs1">McCombs, Phil; Harrington, Richard (April 7, 1983). 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The San Francisco foursome took action, putting together a punk-rock festival on the Mall, the expanse of lawn stretching between the Washington Monument and the Capitol building. They were goading the government to try to stop them. Instead, thousands of punks filled the grounds that day, and skinny DK's frontman <a href="/wiki/Jello_Biafra" title="Jello Biafra">Jello Biafra</a> greeted them by comparing the Monument to a giant hooded Klansman. As he jumped around like an insane marionette to their ornery punkability, government helicopters hovered over the stage and D.C. cops nervously patrolled the edge of the throng.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dead+Kennedys+News&rft.atitle=Punk+Rock+On+Trial&rft.date=2000-02-01&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=R.J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deadkennedysnews.com%2Fart020100.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110223202239/http://sites.google.com/site/livedeadkennedys/1983/19830703">"1983-07-03 - Rock Against Reagan, National Mall, Washington, DC"</a>. Dead Kennedys Concert Guide. 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There were police helicopters."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Dave+Grohl%2C+glancing+back%2C+blasting+forward&rft.date=2011-04-08&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fclick-track%2Fpost%2Fdave-grohl-glancing-back-blasting-forward%2F2011%2F04%2F08%2FAFk5w02C_blog.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gettysburg-140">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gettysburg_140-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gettysburg_140-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhern1983" class="citation news cs1">Ahern, Tim (Associated Press) (July 5, 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=soE0AAAAIBAJ&pg=2280,5284705&hl=en">"Newton concert goes off despite rain"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gettysburg_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Gettysburg Times">Gettysburg Times</a>. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130916161207/http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=soE0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=AegFAAAAIBAJ&pg=2280,5284705&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on September 16, 2013. 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Public Law 108-108: Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2004. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Printing_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Government Printing Office">United States Government Printing Office</a>. November 10, 2003. pp. 117 Stat. 1280–117 Stat. 1281. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-108publ108/pdf/PLAW-108publ108.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on February 2, 2014. Retrieved December 29, 2012. <q>SEC. 145. None of the funds appropriated or otherwise made available by this or any other Act, hereafter enacted, may be used to permit the use of the National Mall for a special event, unless the permit expressly prohibits the erection, placement, or use of structures and signs bearing commercial advertising. The Secretary may allow for recognition of sponsors of special events: Provided, That the size and form of the recognition shall be consistent with the special nature and sanctity of the Mall and any lettering or design identifying the sponsor shall be no larger than one-third the size of the lettering or design identifying the special event. In approving special events, the Secretary shall ensure, to the maximum extent practicable, that public use of, and access to the Mall is not restricted. 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Style. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/national-book-festival-to-relocate-from-the-mall-to-the-dc-convention-center/2014/01/08/18327b12-78a2-11e3-8963-b4b654bcc9b2_story.html">the original</a> on January 9, 2014. 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Retrieved April 6, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public+Service+Recognition+Week%3A+May+6%E2%80%9312&rft.atitle=2012+Events&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpublicservicerecognitionweek.org%2Fevents%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Washington_Post1-160">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Washington_Post1_160-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Washington_Post1_160-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTucker2010" class="citation news cs1">Tucker, Neely (June 13, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/12/AR2010061204092.html">"White House crashers Tareq and Michaele Salahi hold polo event on the Mall"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. p. C.5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121110192611/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/06/12/AR2010061204092.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 10, 2012. Retrieved June 15, 2010. <q>It seemed controversial business as usual for the event's promoters, Tareq and Michaele Salahi. On federally owned turf, beneath a Washington sky, eight months after they crashed the Obamas' first White House state dinner, the embattled Virginia socialites found a way to put on what has become their signature event. .... The event's advertising put admission at $95 per person. .... The America's Polo Cup featured a match between the United States and India Saturday on the Mall, although neither government participated in the event. The event's Web site listed its key sponsor as Kingfisher Beer, whose chief executive said the company was not a sponsor.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=White+House+crashers+Tareq+and+Michaele+Salahi+hold+polo+event+on+the+Mall&rft.pages=C.5&rft.date=2010-06-13&rft.aulast=Tucker&rft.aufirst=Neely&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2010%2F06%2F12%2FAR2010061204092.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100917180411/http://www.overoll.com/Content/White-House-crashers-Tareq-and-Michaele-Salahi-hold-polo-event-on-the-Mall-/2010/6/13/267201.news">"White House crashers Tareq and Michaele Salahi hold polo event on the Mall"</a>. Fashion. OverOll.com. June 13, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.overoll.com/Content/White-House-crashers-Tareq-and-Michaele-Salahi-hold-polo-event-on-the-Mall-/2010/6/13/267201.news">the original</a> on September 17, 2010. Retrieved August 30, 2010. <q>Polo players representing India, who say they are actually of Pakistani origin and are from Florida, pose for a picture.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fashion&rft.atitle=White+House+crashers+Tareq+and+Michaele+Salahi+hold+polo+event+on+the+Mall&rft.date=2010-06-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.overoll.com%2FContent%2FWhite-House-crashers-Tareq-and-Michaele-Salahi-hold-polo-event-on-the-Mall-%2F2010%2F6%2F13%2F267201.news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTamura2010" class="citation news cs1">Tamura, Leslie (October 25, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180830110324/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/25/AR2010102502482.html">"Festival on the Mall challenges young and old to think scientifically"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/10/25/AR2010102502482.html">the original</a> on August 30, 2018. Retrieved October 27, 2010. <q>More than 1,500 free, interactive exhibits drew about 500,000 people to downtown Washington this weekend to learn about science, technology, engineering and math.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Festival+on+the+Mall+challenges+young+and+old+to+think+scientifically&rft.date=2010-10-25&rft.aulast=Tamura&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2010%2F10%2F25%2FAR2010102502482.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-expo-163"><a href="#cite_ref-expo_163-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101021080637/http://www.usasciencefestival.org/2010festival/expo">"Science & Engineering Festival: Grand Finale Expo- October 23 & 24, 2010, 10am-5:30pm, Washington DC US"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/springsteen-eminem-rihanna-and-more-to-perform-at-free-veterans-day-concert-in-dc/2014/10/02/97980e82-4a41-11e4-891d-713f052086a0_story.html">the original</a> on July 31, 2015. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/road-closures-metro-changes-as-dc-prepares-for-free-concert-for-valor-on-mall/2014/11/11/b6cad9a6-69a4-11e4-9fb4-a622dae742a2_story.html">the original</a> on November 12, 2014. Retrieved November 12, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=To+honor+veterans%2C+Mall+is+the+stage+for+a+flag-waving+night+of+patriotism%2C+music&rft.date=2014-11-11&rft.aulast=Schwartzman&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Parks%2C+Miles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Froad-closures-metro-changes-as-dc-prepares-for-free-concert-for-valor-on-mall%2F2014%2F11%2F11%2Fb6cad9a6-69a4-11e4-9fb4-a622dae742a2_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichards2014" class="citation news cs1">Richards, Chris (November 11, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141121034733/http://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/2014/11/11/9ae0136a-69ee-11e4-9fb4-a622dae742a2_story.html">"Concert for Valor review: For the troops on Veterans Day, rough-edged reverence on the Mall"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/2014/11/11/9ae0136a-69ee-11e4-9fb4-a622dae742a2_story.html">the original</a> on November 21, 2014. Retrieved November 18, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Concert+for+Valor+review%3A+For+the+troops+on+Veterans+Day%2C+rough-edged+reverence+on+the+Mall&rft.date=2014-11-11&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flifestyle%2Fstyle%2F2014%2F11%2F11%2F9ae0136a-69ee-11e4-9fb4-a622dae742a2_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlaterRousseyThe_Associated_Press2014" class="citation news cs1">Plater, Roz; Roussey, Tom; <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">The Associated Press</a> (November 11, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wjla.com/articles/2014/11/-concert-for-valor-on-national-mall-draws-800-000-in-tribute-to-u-s-veterans-108935.html">"'Concert for Valor' on National Mall draws hundreds of thousands in tribute to Veterans"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NewsChannel_8_(cable_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="NewsChannel 8 (cable channel)">NewsChannel 8</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141113084633/http://www.wjla.com/articles/2014/11/-concert-for-valor-on-national-mall-draws-800-000-in-tribute-to-u-s-veterans-108935.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 13, 2014. Retrieved November 18, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NewsChannel+8&rft.atitle=%27Concert+for+Valor%27+on+National+Mall+draws+hundreds+of+thousands+in+tribute+to+Veterans&rft.date=2014-11-11&rft.aulast=Plater&rft.aufirst=Roz&rft.au=Roussey%2C+Tom&rft.au=The+Associated+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wjla.com%2Farticles%2F2014%2F11%2F-concert-for-valor-on-national-mall-draws-800-000-in-tribute-to-u-s-veterans-108935.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2015" class="citation news cs1">Cooper, Rachel (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150610215553/http://dc.about.com/od/specialevents/a/Screengreen.htm">"Screen on the Green 2015 in Washington DC: Free Outdoor Movies at the National Mall"</a>. <a href="/wiki/About.com" class="mw-redirect" title="About.com">About.com</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dc.about.com/od/specialevents/a/Screengreen.htm">the original</a> on June 10, 2015. Retrieved March 29, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Screen+on+the+Green+2015+in+Washington+DC%3A+Free+Outdoor+Movies+at+the+National+Mall&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdc.about.com%2Fod%2Fspecialevents%2Fa%2FScreengreen.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnes2016" class="citation web cs1">Barnes, Sophia (May 10, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160511131039/http://www.nbcwashington.com/entertainment/the-scene/Screen-on-the-Green-Cancelled--At-Least-for-Now-378806431.html">"Screen on the Green Is Cancelled – For Now, Anyway"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WRC-TV" title="WRC-TV">NBC 4 Washington</a>. NBCUniversal Media, LLC. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbcwashington.com/entertainment/the-scene/Screen-on-the-Green-Cancelled--At-Least-for-Now-378806431.html">the original</a> on May 11, 2016. Retrieved October 12, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+4+Washington&rft.atitle=Screen+on+the+Green+Is+Cancelled+%26ndash%3B+For+Now%2C+Anyway&rft.date=2016-05-10&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Sophia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcwashington.com%2Fentertainment%2Fthe-scene%2FScreen-on-the-Green-Cancelled--At-Least-for-Now-378806431.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDvorak2020" class="citation news cs1">Dvorak, Petula (October 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/this-rippling-field-of-flags-in-dc-shows-covid-19s-scale/2020/10/22/915f59aa-147d-11eb-bc10-40b25382f1be_story.html">"This rippling field of flags in D.C. shows covid-19's scale"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201030131442/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/this-rippling-field-of-flags-in-dc-shows-covid-19s-scale/2020/10/22/915f59aa-147d-11eb-bc10-40b25382f1be_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved October 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=This+rippling+field+of+flags+in+D.C.+shows+covid-19%27s+scale&rft.date=2020-10-22&rft.aulast=Dvorak&rft.aufirst=Petula&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fthis-rippling-field-of-flags-in-dc-shows-covid-19s-scale%2F2020%2F10%2F22%2F915f59aa-147d-11eb-bc10-40b25382f1be_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDevadasan2020" class="citation web cs1">Devadasan, K. P. (October 29, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gulfnews.com/photos/news/in-pictures-art-installation-commemorates-american-lives-lost-from-virus-with-planting-of-white-flags-1.1603957027008">"In Pictures: Art installation commemorates American lives lost from virus with planting of white flags"</a>. Photos. <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gulf_News" title="Gulf News">Gulf News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124032755/https://gulfnews.com/photos/news/in-pictures-art-installation-commemorates-american-lives-lost-from-virus-with-planting-of-white-flags-1.1603957027008">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2021. Retrieved October 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Photos&rft.atitle=In+Pictures%3A+Art+installation+commemorates+American+lives+lost+from+virus+with+planting+of+white+flags&rft.date=2020-10-29&rft.aulast=Devadasan&rft.aufirst=K.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fphotos%2Fnews%2Fin-pictures-art-installation-commemorates-american-lives-lost-from-virus-with-planting-of-white-flags-1.1603957027008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://suzannefirstenberg.com/in-america-covid-19-white-flags-in-dc-suzanne-firstenberg/">"In America: How could this happen .... : A Public Art Installation Honoring Loved Ones Lost to COVID-19"</a>. suzannefirstenberg.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210917175516/https://suzannefirstenberg.com/in-america-covid-19-white-flags-in-dc-suzanne-firstenberg/">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2021. Retrieved October 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+America%3A+How+could+this+happen+....+%3A+A+Public+Art+Installation+Honoring+Loved+Ones+Lost+to+COVID-19&rft.pub=suzannefirstenberg.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsuzannefirstenberg.com%2Fin-america-covid-19-white-flags-in-dc-suzanne-firstenberg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOnwuamaegbu2021" class="citation news cs1">Onwuamaegbu, Natachi (July 15, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210923061859/https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2021/07/15/flag-installation-on-mall-honors-covid-victims/">"Hundreds of thousands of white flags to be placed on the National Mall to honor lives lost to covid"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/arts-entertainment/2021/07/15/flag-installation-on-mall-honors-covid-victims/">the original</a> on September 23, 2021. 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September 17, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210920193630/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/covid-19-victims-remembered-washingtons-national-mall-with-650000-white-flags-2021-09-17/">Archived</a> from the original on September 20, 2021. Retrieved September 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=COVID-19+victims+remembered+on+Washington%27s+National+Mall+with+650%2C000+white+flags&rft.date=2021-09-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fus%2Fcovid-19-victims-remembered-washingtons-national-mall-with-650000-white-flags-2021-09-17%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSánchez2021" class="citation news cs1">Sánchez, Vanessa G. (September 29, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211003020038/https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2021/09/29/covid-flag-memorial-washington/">"Covid-19 memorial in D.C. gives Americans a place to reconcile their loss"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2021/09/29/covid-flag-memorial-washington/">the original</a> on October 3, 2021. Retrieved October 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Covid-19+memorial+in+D.C.+gives+Americans+a+place+to+reconcile+their+loss&rft.date=2021-09-29&rft.aulast=S%C3%A1nchez&rft.aufirst=Vanessa+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Feducation%2F2021%2F09%2F29%2Fcovid-flag-memorial-washington%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFirstenberg2021" class="citation news cs1">Firstenberg, Suzanne Brennan (October 1, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/10/01/national-mall-covid-flags-explanation">"Opinion: What the 700,000 flags I put on the National Mall really mean"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211002231755/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/10/01/national-mall-covid-flags-explanation">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2021. Retrieved October 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Opinion%3A+What+the+700%2C000+flags+I+put+on+the+National+Mall+really+mean&rft.date=2021-10-01&rft.aulast=Firstenberg&rft.aufirst=Suzanne+Brennan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2F2021%2F10%2F01%2Fnational-mall-covid-flags-explanation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inamericaflags.org">"In America: Remember"</a>. In America Flags and Suzanne Brennan Firstenberg. 2021. Retrieved October 2, 2021. <q>This art exhibition blankets the National Mall with over 660,000 white flags, showing the magnitude of our loss as a nation, while honoring each person who has died from COVID-19</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=In+America%3A+Remember&rft.pub=In+America+Flags+and+Suzanne+Brennan+Firstenberg&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inamericaflags.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/local/washington-dc/2023/09/29/world-culture-festival-dc">"World Culture Festival Will Go On As Planned"</a>. Axios. 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Culture+Festival+Will+Go+On+As+Planned&rft.pub=Axios&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axios.com%2Flocal%2Fwashington-dc%2F2023%2F09%2F29%2Fworld-culture-festival-dc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Dell" class="citation book cs1">O'Dell, Margaret. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/FR%20Notices/75_FR_39969%20(Natl%20Mall%20EIS%20&%20Plan).pdf">Federal Register Notice: Availability of a Final Environmental Impact Statement for the National Mall Plan</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Government Printing Office</a>. 75 FR 39969 (2010-07-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100830062122/http://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/FR%20Notices/75_FR_39969%20%28Natl%20Mall%20EIS%20%26%20Plan%29.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on August 30, 2010. 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Retrieved March 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Union+Station&rft.pub=Washington+Metropolitan+Area+Transit+Authority&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wmata.com%2Frider-guide%2Fstations%2Funion-station.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wmata.com/rider-guide/stations/lenfant-plaza.cfm">"L'Enfant Plaza Station"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Washington_Metropolitan_Area_Transit_Authority" title="Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority">Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201201021635/https://www.wmata.com/rider-guide/stations/lenfant-plaza.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on December 1, 2020. Retrieved March 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%27Enfant+Plaza+Station&rft.pub=Washington+Metropolitan+Area+Transit+Authority&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wmata.com%2Frider-guide%2Fstations%2Flenfant-plaza.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wmata.com/rider-guide/stations/federal-ctr-sw.cfm">"Federal Center SW Station"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Washington_Metropolitan_Area_Transit_Authority" title="Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority">Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201202041429/https://www.wmata.com/rider-guide/stations/federal-ctr-sw.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2020. Retrieved March 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Federal+Center+SW+Station&rft.pub=Washington+Metropolitan+Area+Transit+Authority&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wmata.com%2Frider-guide%2Fstations%2Ffederal-ctr-sw.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wmata.com/rider-guide/stations/capitol-south.cfm">"Capitol South Station"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Washington_Metropolitan_Area_Transit_Authority" title="Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority">Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201107202745/https://www.wmata.com/rider-guide/stations/capitol-south.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2020. Retrieved March 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Capitol+South+Station&rft.pub=Washington+Metropolitan+Area+Transit+Authority&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wmata.com%2Frider-guide%2Fstations%2Fcapitol-south.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wmata.com/schedules/maps/upload/0_WMA_MAG_DC_21x34_200525.pdf">"Central Washington, DC, Map"</a> (PDF). Metrobus Route Map: Washington, DC. <a href="/wiki/Washington_Metropolitan_Area_Transit_Authority" title="Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority">Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200825075445/https://www.wmata.com/schedules/maps/upload/0_WMA_MAG_DC_21x34_200525.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on August 25, 2020. Retrieved August 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metrobus+Route+Map%3A+Washington%2C+DC&rft.atitle=Central+Washington%2C+DC%2C+Map&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wmata.com%2Fschedules%2Fmaps%2Fupload%2F0_WMA_MAG_DC_21x34_200525.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dccirculator.com/explore/where-we-go/national-mall/">"National Mall"</a>. Circulator Route Map. <a href="/wiki/DC_Circulator" title="DC Circulator">DC Circulator</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200825080326/https://www.dccirculator.com/explore/where-we-go/national-mall/">Archived</a> from the original on August 25, 2020. Retrieved August 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Circulator+Route+Map&rft.atitle=National+Mall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dccirculator.com%2Fexplore%2Fwhere-we-go%2Fnational-mall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dccirculator.com/getting-around-dc-faq/">"The National Mall Route FAQs: DC Circulator - National Mall Service"</a>. <a href="/wiki/DC_Circulator" title="DC Circulator">DC Circulator</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180413023049/https://www.dccirculator.com/getting-around-dc-faq/">Archived</a> from the original on April 13, 2018. Retrieved August 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+National+Mall+Route+FAQs%3A+DC+Circulator+-+National+Mall+Service&rft.pub=DC+Circulator&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dccirculator.com%2Fgetting-around-dc-faq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-bicycle-193">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bicycle_193-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bicycle_193-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/nama/planyourvisit/bicyclinginformation.htm">"Bicycling Information for National Mall"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. September 22, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100302160301/http://www.nps.gov/nama/planyourvisit/bicyclinginformation.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 2, 2010. Retrieved March 12, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bicycling+Information+for+National+Mall&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft.date=2015-09-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnama%2Fplanyourvisit%2Fbicyclinginformation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boatingindc.com/boathouses/thompson-boat-center/">"Thompson Boat Center"</a>. Guest Services, Inc. 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210314175103/https://boatingindc.com/boathouses/thompson-boat-center/">Archived</a> from the original on March 14, 2021. Retrieved March 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thompson+Boat+Center&rft.pub=Guest+Services%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fboatingindc.com%2Fboathouses%2Fthompson-boat-center%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210314181800/https://boatingindc.com/activities/quad-pedal-boat-3-2-2/">"Biking (D.C.)"</a>. Guest Services, Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://boatingindc.com/activities/quad-pedal-boat-3-2-2/">the original</a> on March 14, 2021. Retrieved March 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biking+%28D.C.%29&rft.pub=Guest+Services%2C+Inc.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fboatingindc.com%2Factivities%2Fquad-pedal-boat-3-2-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Coordinates of Thompson Boat Center: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=National_Mall&params=38.9003057_N_77.0580733_W_region:US-DC_type:landmark&title=Thompson+Boat+Center">38°54′01″N 77°03′29″W / 38.9003057°N 77.0580733°W / 38.9003057; -77.0580733 (Thompson Boat Center)</a></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerman2012" class="citation news cs1">Berman, Mark (March 16, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/dr-gridlock/post/capital-bikeshare-stations-open-on-the-mall/2012/03/16/gIQA5uAlGS_blog.html">"Capital Bikeshare stations open on the Mall"</a>. Post Local: Dr. Gridlock. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120615051235/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/dr-gridlock/post/capital-bikeshare-stations-open-on-the-mall/2012/03/16/gIQA5uAlGS_blog.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2012. Retrieved June 4, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Post+Local%3A+Dr.+Gridlock&rft.atitle=Capital+Bikeshare+stations+open+on+the+Mall&rft.date=2012-03-16&rft.aulast=Berman&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fdr-gridlock%2Fpost%2Fcapital-bikeshare-stations-open-on-the-mall%2F2012%2F03%2F16%2FgIQA5uAlGS_blog.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaffe2008" class="citation news cs1">Jaffe, Harry (August 31, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/national-mall-marked-as-midpoint-of-national-bike-trail">"National Mall marked as midpoint of national bike trail"</a>. Washington Examiner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210314183724/https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/national-mall-marked-as-midpoint-of-national-bike-trail">Archived</a> from the original on March 14, 2021. Retrieved March 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Examiner&rft.atitle=National+Mall+marked+as+midpoint+of+national+bike+trail&rft.date=2008-08-31&rft.aulast=Jaffe&rft.aufirst=Harry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonexaminer.com%2Fnational-mall-marked-as-midpoint-of-national-bike-trail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.greenway.org/states/washington-d-c">"Washington, D.C."</a> East Coast Greenway. 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210314175732/https://www.greenway.org/states/washington-d-c">Archived</a> from the original on March 14, 2021. Retrieved March 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=East+Coast+Greenway&rft.atitle=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenway.org%2Fstates%2Fwashington-d-c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151108013549/http://www.greenway.org/about-the-greenway">"About the Greenway"</a>. East Coast Greenway. 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greenway.org/about-the-greenway">the original</a> on November 8, 2015. Retrieved July 1, 2016. <q>The East Coast Greenway, conceived in 1991, is the nation's most ambitious long-distance urban trail. By connecting existing and planned shared-use trails, a continuous, traffic-free route is being formed, serving self-powered users of all abilities and ages. At 2,900 miles long, the Greenway links Calais, Maine, at the Canadian border, with <a href="/wiki/Key_West" title="Key West">Key West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>. Alternate routes add another 2,000 miles to the ECG trail system.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=East+Coast+Greenway&rft.atitle=About+the+Greenway&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenway.org%2Fabout-the-greenway&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://schar.gmu.edu/sites/default/files/prospective-students/Masters-Programs/Mason_TPOL_National_Mall_Report.pdf">"Services for Disabled Visitors"</a> (PDF). A Review of Access and Circulation on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. <a href="/wiki/Arlington_County,_Virginia" title="Arlington County, Virginia">Arlington County, Virginia</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a> <a href="/wiki/Schar_School_of_Policy_and_Government" title="Schar School of Policy and Government">Schar School of Policy and Government</a>. May 7, 2008. p. 31. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190905155422/https://schar.gmu.edu/sites/default/files/prospective-students/Masters-Programs/Mason_TPOL_National_Mall_Report.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on September 5, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019. <q>Persons with disabilities are permitted to use such devices as Segway HTs and electric scooters on all National Park roads, sidewalks, and trails. These mobility-assisting devices are also permitted within all park facilities, including memorials and monuments. However, for visitors with limited mobility but no identified disability, the use of these devices falls under the definition of recreational use of a self-propelled vehicle and can only be used on park roadways.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Review+of+Access+and+Circulation+on+the+National+Mall+in+Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.atitle=Services+for+Disabled+Visitors&rft.pages=31&rft.date=2008-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fschar.gmu.edu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fprospective-students%2FMasters-Programs%2FMason_TPOL_National_Mall_Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=182c37da8eb0335aeaf1f587948126b2&mc=true&node=se36.1.1_14&rgn=div8">"§ 1.4 What terms do I need to know?"</a>. Electronic <a href="/wiki/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">Code of Federal Regulations</a> (e-CFR): <a href="/wiki/Title_36_of_the_Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Title 36 of the Code of Federal Regulations">Title 36 - Parks, Forests, and Public Prioperty</a>. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">United States Government Publishing Office</a>. September 3, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170706042745/https://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=10c6cb9466cbea6dc9e705e681b7e4f4&mc=true&node=se36.1.1_14&rgn=div8">Archived</a> from the original on July 6, 2017. Retrieved September 5, 2019. <q>Motor vehicle means every vehicle that is self-propelled and every vehicle that is propelled by electric power, but not operated on rails or upon water, except a snowmobile and a motorized wheelchair. ... Vehicle means every device in, upon, or by which a person or property is or may be transported or drawn on land, except snowmobiles and devices moved by human power or used exclusively upon stationary rails or track.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Electronic+Code+of+Federal+Regulations+%28e-CFR%29%3A+Title+36+-+Parks%2C+Forests%2C+and+Public+Prioperty&rft.atitle=%C2%A7+1.4+What+terms+do+I+need+to+know%3F&rft.date=2019-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecfr.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Ftext-idx%3FSID%3D182c37da8eb0335aeaf1f587948126b2%26mc%3Dtrue%26node%3Dse36.1.1_14%26rgn%3Ddiv8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-TripHacks-198">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TripHacks_198-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TripHacks_198-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.triphacksdc.com/scooters-in-dc/">"Rules for riding scooters in DC"</a>. DC TripHacks: Scooters in DC: Things you Should Know. Trip Hacks Travel LLC. 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190905160650/https://www.triphacksdc.com/scooters-in-dc/">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019. <q>3. You can't end your trip outside of the company's service area: The National Mall is not part of the service areas. This is important because many visitors see the scooters and consider them a great way to see the monuments and memorials. However, be careful! Some scooter companies will charge you a hefty fine if you end your ride on the National Mall. Others might not even allow you to end a trip at all until you leave the area. If you do plan to break this one, don't ride the scooters in the memorials. It is not just illegal but it's totally disrespectful and obnoxious, especially the war memorials.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DC+TripHacks%3A+Scooters+in+DC%3A+Things+you+Should+Know&rft.atitle=Rules+for+riding+scooters+in+DC&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.triphacksdc.com%2Fscooters-in-dc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://parkplanning.nps.gov/projectHome.cfm?projectID=41383">"Issue Commercial Use Authorization for pedicabs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Mall_and_Memorial_Parks" title="National Mall and Memorial Parks">National Mall and Memorial Parks</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130309085518/http://parkplanning.nps.gov/projectHome.cfm?projectID=41383">Archived</a> from the original on March 9, 2013. Retrieved November 6, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Mall+and+Memorial+Parks&rft.atitle=Issue+Commercial+Use+Authorization+for+pedicabs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fparkplanning.nps.gov%2FprojectHome.cfm%3FprojectID%3D41383&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-parking-200">^ <a href="#cite_ref-parking_200-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-parking_200-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/nama/planyourvisit/parking.htm">"Parking"</a>. Plan Your Visit. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>: <a href="/wiki/National_Mall_and_Memorial_Parks" title="National Mall and Memorial Parks">National Mall and Memorial Parks</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170505075055/https://www.nps.gov/nama/planyourvisit/parking.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2017. Retrieved May 12, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Plan+Your+Visit&rft.atitle=Parking&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnama%2Fplanyourvisit%2Fparking.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/nama/learn/news/parking-meters.htm">"Contract Awarded for Metered Parking Along the National Mall"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>: <a href="/wiki/National_Mall_and_Memorial_Parks" title="National Mall and Memorial Parks">National Mall and Memorial Parks</a>. April 14, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170529184357/https://www.nps.gov/nama/learn/news/parking-meters.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2017. Retrieved July 10, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Contract+Awarded+for+Metered+Parking+Along+the+National+Mall&rft.pub=National+Park+Service%3A+National+Mall+and+Memorial+Parks&rft.date=2017-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnama%2Flearn%2Fnews%2Fparking-meters.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeill2017" class="citation news cs1">Weill, Martin (April 14, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/mall-to-stop-being-land-of-free-parking-meters-coming/2017/04/14/b3ebf0ea-2184-11e7-ad74-3a742a6e93a7_story.html">"Mall to stop being 'land of free' parking; meters coming"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170420121914/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/mall-to-stop-being-land-of-free-parking-meters-coming/2017/04/14/b3ebf0ea-2184-11e7-ad74-3a742a6e93a7_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 20, 2017. Retrieved May 12, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Mall+to+stop+being+%27land+of+free%27+parking%3B+meters+coming&rft.date=2017-04-14&rft.aulast=Weill&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Fmall-to-stop-being-land-of-free-parking-meters-coming%2F2017%2F04%2F14%2Fb3ebf0ea-2184-11e7-ad74-3a742a6e93a7_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"><3) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/nama/planyourvisit/parking-meter-faq.htm">"Parking Meter FAQ"</a>. Plan Your Visit. Washington, D.C.: <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>: <a href="/wiki/National_Mall_and_Memorial_Parks" title="National Mall and Memorial Parks">National Mall and Memorial Parks</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170505075058/https://www.nps.gov/nama/planyourvisit/parking-meter-faq.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2017. Retrieved May 12, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Plan+Your+Visit&rft.atitle=Parking+Meter+FAQ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnama%2Fplanyourvisit%2Fparking-meter-faq.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAugenstein2017" class="citation news cs1">Augenstein, Neal (June 8, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wtop.com/dc/2017/06/paid-parking-national-mall-begins-monday/">"Paid parking on the National Mall begins Monday"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WTOP-FM" title="WTOP-FM">WTOP</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170710202906/http://wtop.com/dc/2017/06/paid-parking-national-mall-begins-monday/">Archived</a> from the original on July 10, 2017. Retrieved July 10, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Paid+parking+on+the+National+Mall+begins+Monday&rft.date=2017-06-08&rft.aulast=Augenstein&rft.aufirst=Neal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwtop.com%2Fdc%2F2017%2F06%2Fpaid-parking-national-mall-begins-monday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-Post1-202">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Post1_202-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Post1_202-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZauzmerAnBoorstein2016" class="citation news cs1">Zauzmer, Julie; An, Kirkland; Boorstein, Michelle (July 16, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2016/07/16/major-evangelical-revival-aims-to-uplift-traditional-christians-with-rap-rock-and-prayer/">"'God break racism!' Evangelicals on D.C. Mall pray for hope and reconciliation"</a>. Acts of Faith. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160718232826/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2016/07/16/major-evangelical-revival-aims-to-uplift-traditional-christians-with-rap-rock-and-prayer/">Archived</a> from the original on July 18, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acts+of+Faith&rft.atitle=%27God+break+racism%21%27+Evangelicals+on+D.C.+Mall+pray+for+hope+and+reconciliation&rft.date=2016-07-16&rft.aulast=Zauzmer&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft.au=An%2C+Kirkland&rft.au=Boorstein%2C+Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Facts-of-faith%2Fwp%2F2016%2F07%2F16%2Fmajor-evangelical-revival-aims-to-uplift-traditional-christians-with-rap-rock-and-prayer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoh2016" class="citation web cs1">Koh, Lyndsey (August 2, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mnnonline.org/news/together-2016-unites-millennials-spiritual-reset/">"Together 2016 unites millennials for spiritual 'reset'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mission_Network_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission Network News">Mission Network News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160803201857/https://www.mnnonline.org/news/together-2016-unites-millennials-spiritual-reset/">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Together+2016+unites+millennials+for+spiritual+%27reset%27&rft.pub=Mission+Network+News&rft.date=2016-08-02&rft.aulast=Koh&rft.aufirst=Lyndsey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mnnonline.org%2Fnews%2Ftogether-2016-unites-millennials-spiritual-reset%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUliano2016" class="citation web cs1">Uliano, Dick (July 16, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wtop.com/dc/2016/07/police-together-2016-event-shut-down-early-due-to-heat/">"Together 2016 shut down early due to heat"</a>. Washington, DC, News. <a href="/wiki/WTOP-FM" title="WTOP-FM">WTOP News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200805142437/https://wtop.com/dc/2016/07/police-together-2016-event-shut-down-early-due-to-heat/">Archived</a> from the original on August 5, 2020. Retrieved August 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Together+2016+shut+down+early+due+to+heat&rft.pub=WTOP+News&rft.date=2016-07-16&rft.aulast=Uliano&rft.aufirst=Dick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwtop.com%2Fdc%2F2016%2F07%2Fpolice-together-2016-event-shut-down-early-due-to-heat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDildine2021" class="citation web cs1">Dildine, Dave (July 1, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/DildineWTOP/status/1410772833135960076">"Storm activity and damage on National Mall and vicinity"</a> (images and videos). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210702014851/https://twitter.com/DildineWTOP/status/1410772833135960076">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2021. Retrieved July 3, 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Storm+activity+and+damage+on+National+Mall+and+vicinity&rft.date=2021-07-01&rft.aulast=Dildine&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FDildineWTOP%2Fstatus%2F1410772833135960076&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nwschat.weather.gov/p.php?pid=202107022328-KLWX-NOUS41-PNSLWX">"Public Information Statement"</a>. NOAA's National Weather Service: NWSChat. <a href="/wiki/Silver_Spring,_Maryland" title="Silver Spring, Maryland">Silver Spring, Maryland</a>: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">United States Department of Commerce</a>: <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>: <a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">National Weather Service</a>. July 2, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210703000738/https://nwschat.weather.gov/p.php?pid=202107022328-KLWX-NOUS41-PNSLWX">Archived</a> from the original on July 3, 2021. Retrieved July 3, 2021. <q>NWS damage survey for 07/01/21 confirms two tornados .... A supercell thunderstorm produced two tornadoes in Arlington VA and Washington DC during the mid evening hours of Thursday, July 1st, 2021. ....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NOAA%27s+National+Weather+Service%3A+NWSChat&rft.atitle=Public+Information+Statement&rft.date=2021-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnwschat.weather.gov%2Fp.php%3Fpid%3D202107022328-KLWX-NOUS41-PNSLWX&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalversonSamenowLivingston2021" class="citation news cs1">Halverson, Jeff; Samenow, Jason; Livingston, Ian (July 2, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2021/07/02/dc-tornado-damage-explanation/">"How two tornadoes touched down between Arlington and the District on Thursday night"</a>. Capital Weather Gang. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210702214003/https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2021/07/02/dc-tornado-damage-explanation/">Archived</a> from the original on July 2, 2021. 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Retrieved July 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NWS%3A+Tornadoes+touched+down+in+Arlington+and+DC&rft.pub=WUSA9&rft.date=2021-07-03&rft.aulast=Wainman&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.au=Fischer%2C+Jordan&rft.au=Marshall%2C+Miri&rft.au=Ashford%2C+Brielle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wusa9.com%2Farticle%2Fweather%2Ftornadoes-in-dc-national-weather-service%2F65-9d83576a-abd6-4b44-a670-b98f49bb97e9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-nasa-206"><a href="#cite_ref-nasa_206-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/">"NASA EarthData Search"</a>. NASA. Retrieved January 30, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NASA+EarthData+Search&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.earthdata.nasa.gov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citywalkingguide.com/presidentspark/enidhauptfountains">"Enid Haupt Fountains"</a>. President's Park. City Walking Guide. 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180104200509/https://www.citywalkingguide.com/presidentspark/enidhauptfountains">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2018. Retrieved February 14, 2021. <q>The two Haupt Fountains flank the entrance to the Ellipse at 16th Street N.W. and Constitution Avenue.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=President%27s+Park&rft.atitle=Enid+Haupt+Fountains&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citywalkingguide.com%2Fpresidentspark%2Fenidhauptfountains&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Coordinates of Enid Haupt Fountains: East: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=National_Mall&params=38_53_32.5_N_77_02_11.012_W_type:landmark&title=Enid+Haupt+Fountain+%28east%29">38°53′32.5″N 77°02′11.012″W / 38.892361°N 77.03639222°W / 38.892361; -77.03639222 (Enid Haupt Fountain (east))</a> West: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=National_Mall&params=38_53_32.5_N_77_02_12.175_W_type:landmark&title=Enid+Haupt+Fountain+%28west%29">38°53′32.5″N 77°02′12.175″W / 38.892361°N 77.03671528°W / 38.892361; -77.03671528 (Enid Haupt Fountain (west))</a></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nsdac.org/work-of-the-society/historical/markers/patentees-monument/">"Patentees Monument"</a>. National Society Daughters of the American Colonists. 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180104210451/http://nsdac.org/work-of-the-society/historical/markers/patentees-monument/">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2018. Retrieved February 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patentees+Monument&rft.pub=National+Society+Daughters+of+the+American+Colonists&rft.date=2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnsdac.org%2Fwork-of-the-society%2Fhistorical%2Fmarkers%2Fpatentees-monument%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/places/000/original-patentees-of-dc-monument.htm">"Original Patentees of DC Monument"</a>. President's Park (White House): Place. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a>. October 29, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210315141952/https://www.nps.gov/places/000/original-patentees-of-dc-monument.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2021. Retrieved March 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=President%27s+Park+%28White+House%29%3A+Place&rft.atitle=Original+Patentees+of+DC+Monument&rft.date=2020-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fplaces%2F000%2Foriginal-patentees-of-dc-monument.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dcmemorialist.com/colonial-settlers-monument/">"Colonial Settler's Monument"</a>. dcMemorials.com. DC Memorialist. February 3, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210315135424/https://dcmemorialist.com/colonial-settlers-monument/">Archived</a> from the original on March 15, 2021. Retrieved March 15, 2021 – via SuperbThemes and <a href="/wiki/WordPress" title="WordPress">WordPress</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dcMemorials.com&rft.atitle=Colonial+Settler%27s+Monument&rft.date=2021-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdcmemorialist.com%2Fcolonial-settlers-monument%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/74th-congress/session-2/c74s2ch64.pdf">"Joint Resolution: Authorizing the erection of a memorial to the early settlers whose land grants embrace the site of the Federal City"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">United States Statutes at Large</a>: <a href="/wiki/74th_United_States_Congress" title="74th United States Congress">74th Congress</a>: Session II: Chapter 64. <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>. February 12, 1936. p. 1137. Retrieved March 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Statutes+at+Large%3A+74th+Congress%3A+Session+II%3A+Chapter+64&rft.atitle=Joint+Resolution%3A+Authorizing+the+erection+of+a+memorial+to+the+early+settlers+whose+land+grants+embrace+the+site+of+the+Federal+City&rft.pages=1137&rft.date=1936-02-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Flaw%2Fhelp%2Fstatutes-at-large%2F74th-congress%2Fsession-2%2Fc74s2ch64.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Coordinates of the Settlers of the District of Columbia Memorial: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=National_Mall&params=38_53_37.5_N_77_02_01.9_W_type:landmark&title=Settlers+of+the+District+of+Columbia+Memorial">38°53′37.5″N 77°02′01.9″W / 38.893750°N 77.033861°W / 38.893750; -77.033861 (Settlers of the District of Columbia Memorial)</a></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://americasbesthistory.com/abh-washington.html">"Forest Service Museum"</a>. Washington, D.C.: Visitor FAQ. americasbesthistory.com: America's Best History. 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200407060600/https://americasbesthistory.com/abh-washington.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2020. Retrieved February 14, 2021. <q>Forest Service Museum - Located along 15th street below the Washington Monument.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington%2C+D.C.%3A+Visitor+FAQ&rft.atitle=Forest+Service+Museum&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famericasbesthistory.com%2Fabh-washington.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Coordinates of the United States Forest Service Museum: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=National_Mall&params=38_53_15.4_N_77_2_0.23_W_type:landmark&title=United+States+Forest+Service+Museum">38°53′15.4″N 77°2′0.23″W / 38.887611°N 77.0333972°W / 38.887611; -77.0333972 (United States Forest Service Museum)</a></li></ul> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlazer,_NathanField,_Cynthia_R.2008" class="citation book cs1">Glazer, Nathan; Field, Cynthia R., eds. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V83SKEMbIY4C&pg=printsec">The National Mall: Rethinking Washington's Monumental Core</a>. Baltimore, Maryland: <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">The Johns Hopkins University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8805-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8805-2"><bdi>978-0-8018-8805-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/166273738">166273738</a>. Retrieved January 2, 2015 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+National+Mall%3A+Rethinking+Washington%27s+Monumental+Core&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=The+Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F166273738&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-8805-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV83SKEMbIY4C%26pg%3Dprintsec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalmallcoalition.org/mall-history/">"National Mall History"</a>. National Mall Coalition. 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151001002811/http://www.nationalmallcoalition.org/mall-history/">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2015. Retrieved March 6, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Mall+History&rft.pub=National+Mall+Coalition&rft.date=2015&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalmallcoalition.org%2Fmall-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalmallcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/161025final3rdcenturyv2.pdf">"America's 3rd Century National Mall: Visionary Idea, Democratic Reality, and Civic Opportunity"</a> (PDF). National Mall Coalition. 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225222354/http://www.nationalmallcoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/161025final3rdcenturyv2.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=America%27s+3rd+Century+National+Mall%3A+Visionary+Idea%2C+Democratic+Reality%2C+and+Civic+Opportunity&rft.pub=National+Mall+Coalition&rft.date=2016&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalmallcoalition.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F10%2F161025final3rdcenturyv2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavage2009" class="citation book cs1">Savage, Kirk (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G7HFGWyWOXsC&pg=printsec">Monument Wars: Washington, D.C., the National Mall, and the Transformation of the Memorial Landscape</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520256545" title="Special:BookSources/9780520256545"><bdi>9780520256545</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/566119105">566119105</a>. Retrieved April 20, 2014 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Monument+Wars%3A+Washington%2C+D.C.%2C+the+National+Mall%2C+and+the+Transformation+of+the+Memorial+Landscape&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F566119105&rft.isbn=9780520256545&rft.aulast=Savage&rft.aufirst=Kirk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG7HFGWyWOXsC%26pg%3Dprintsec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteckelbergKennicottBerkowitzLu2016" class="citation news cs1">Steckelberg, Aaron; Kennicott, Philip; Berkowitz, Bonnie; Lu, Denise (August 23, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/lifestyle/the-evolution-of-the-national-mall/">"A 200-year transformation: How the Mall became what it is today"</a>. Lifestyle. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200731185559/https://www.washingtonpost.com/graphics/lifestyle/the-evolution-of-the-national-mall/">Archived</a> from the original on July 31, 2020. Retrieved August 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=A+200-year+transformation%3A+How+the+Mall+became+what+it+is+today&rft.date=2016-08-23&rft.aulast=Steckelberg&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft.au=Kennicott%2C+Philip&rft.au=Berkowitz%2C+Bonnie&rft.au=Lu%2C+Denise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fgraphics%2Flifestyle%2Fthe-evolution-of-the-national-mall%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"> An interactive guide to the evolution of the National Mall.</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:National_Mall" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:National Mall">National Mall</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="40" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C./National_Mall#Q465811" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Washington, D.C./National Mall">National Mall</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/nama/index.htm">"National Mall and Memorial Parks: District of Columbia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. August 4, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200531214222/https://www.nps.gov/nama/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 31, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Mall+and+Memorial+Parks%3A+District+of+Columbia&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft.date=2020-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnama%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://npmaps.com/wp-content/uploads/national-mall-map.pdf">"Map of the National Mall and vicinity"</a> (PDF). National Park Service. Retrieved February 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Map+of+the+National+Mall+and+vicinity&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnpmaps.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fnational-mall-map.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/wash/dc70.htm">"Washington, DC: A National Register of Historic Places Travel Itinerary: National Mall"</a>. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200603003219/https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/wash/dc70.htm">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2020. Retrieved August 4, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Washington%2C+DC%3A+A+National+Register+of+Historic+Places+Travel+Itinerary%3A+National+Mall&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fnr%2Ftravel%2Fwash%2Fdc70.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160328003927/http://nationalmall.org/sites/default/files/styles/1280x925/public/map-background.jpg?itok=GPhnJLP0%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffiles%2FNational+Mall+Map+-+www_nationalmall_org.pdf">"Map of the National Mall"</a> (PDF). Trust for the National Mall. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalmall.org/sites/default/files/styles/1280x925/public/map-background.jpg?itok=GPhnJLP0/sites/default/files/files/National%20Mall%20Map%20-%20www_nationalmall_org.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on March 28, 2016. Retrieved July 4, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Map+of+the+National+Mall&rft.pub=Trust+for+the+National+Mall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalmall.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fstyles%2F1280x925%2Fpublic%2Fmap-background.jpg%3Fitok%3DGPhnJLP0%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffiles%2FNational%2520Mall%2520Map%2520-%2520www_nationalmall_org.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalmall.org/">"Trust for the National Mall: The Official Partner of the National Park Service"</a>. Trust for the National Mall. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200716120331/https://nationalmall.org/">Archived</a> from the original on July 16, 2020. Retrieved March 17, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Trust+for+the+National+Mall%3A+The+Official+Partner+of+the+National+Park+Service&rft.pub=Trust+for+the+National+Mall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalmall.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hmdb.org/results.asp?Town=The%20National%20Mall&State=District%20of%20Columbia">"Historical Markers and War Memorials in The National Mall, District of Columbia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Historical_Marker_Database" title="Historical Marker Database">HMdb.org: The Historical Marker Database</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225013145/https://www.hmdb.org/results.asp?Town=The+National+Mall&State=District+of+Columbia">Archived</a> from the original on February 25, 2021. Retrieved February 25, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historical+Markers+and+War+Memorials+in+The+National+Mall%2C+District+of+Columbia&rft.pub=HMdb.org%3A+The+Historical+Marker+Database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hmdb.org%2Fresults.asp%3FTown%3DThe%2520National%2520Mall%26State%3DDistrict%2520of%2520Columbia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANational+Mall" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&oldid=1259187110">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&oldid=1259187110</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=National_Mall&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 23 November 2024, at 21:15 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84" title="ناشونال مول – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ناشونال مول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="National Mall" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB" title="Милли Молл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Милли Молл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Нацыянальная алея – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нацыянальная алея" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="National Mall" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="National Mall" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="National Mall" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="National Mall" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="National Mall" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BB_%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BB" title="Νάσιοναλ Μολ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νάσιοναλ Μολ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="National Mall" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="National Mall" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="National Mall" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84" title="نشنال مال – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نشنال مال" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="National Mall" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="National Mall" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%B4%EC%85%94%EB%84%90_%EB%AA%B0" title="내셔널 몰 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="내셔널 몰" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="National Mall" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="National Mall" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9C" title="המול – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%A3" title="Ұлттық Алаң – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ұлттық Алаң" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacion%C4%81l%C4%81_aleja" title="Nacionālā aleja – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nacionālā aleja" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalin%C4%97_al%C4%97ja" title="Nacionalinė alėja – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nacionalinė alėja" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="National Mall" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84" title="ناشونال مول – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ناشونال مول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="National Mall" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="National Mall" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="ナショナル・モール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナショナル・モール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="National Mall" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="National Mall" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84" title="نیشنل مال – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نیشنل مال" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="National Mall" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="National Mall" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Национальная аллея – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Национальная аллея" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="National Mall" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="National Mall" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="National Mall" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="National Mall" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%8F" title="Національна алея – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Національна алея" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84" title="نیشنل مال – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نیشنل مال" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="National Mall" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%BB%A3%E5%A0%B4" title="國家廣場 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="國家廣場" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%B9%BF%E5%9C%BA" title="国家广场 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="国家广场" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 November 2024, at 21:15 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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