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id="mp-left" class="MainPageBG mp-box"> <h2 id="mp-tfa-h2" class="mp-h2">From today's featured article</h2> <div id="mp-tfa" class="mp-contains-float"><div id="mp-tfa-img" style="float: left; margin: 0.5em 0.9em 0.4em 0em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 162px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Methanol_ethanol_vials.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Methanol (left) looks and smells like ethanol (right)."><img alt="Methanol (left) looks and smells like ethanol (right)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Methanol_ethanol_vials.jpg/162px-Methanol_ethanol_vials.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Methanol_ethanol_vials.jpg/243px-Methanol_ethanol_vials.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Methanol_ethanol_vials.jpg/324px-Methanol_ethanol_vials.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Methanol (left) looks and smells like ethanol (right).</div></div> </div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning" title="2016 Irkutsk mass methanol poisoning">More than 70 people died of methanol poisoning</a></b> in the Russian city of <a href="/wiki/Irkutsk" title="Irkutsk">Irkutsk</a> in December 2016. Caused by the consumption of adulterated <a href="/wiki/Surrogate_alcohol" title="Surrogate alcohol">surrogate alcohol</a>, it was the deadliest such incident in Russia's post-Soviet history. Russian consumption of surrogate alcohol rose rapidly in the early 2010s amid worsening economic conditions because they were commonly available and cost less than government-regulated <a href="/wiki/Vodka" title="Vodka">vodka</a>. In the Irkutsk incident, people drank <a href="/wiki/Crataegus_monogyna" title="Crataegus monogyna">hawthorn</a>-scented bath oil which was typically made with and labeled as containing drinkable <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a>. At least one batch was made instead with a <a href="/wiki/Methanol_toxicity" title="Methanol toxicity">toxic amount</a> of <a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">methanol</a> <i>(pictured with ethanol)</i>, causing injuries and deaths among residents of Novo-Lenino, a neighborhood in Irkutsk. An investigation found that the surrogate alcohol's producer sourced the methanol from an employee of a local <a href="/wiki/Windshield_washer_fluid" title="Windshield washer fluid">windshield washer fluid</a> production facility. The Russian government increased punishments for illegally producing and selling alcohol, and they made it more difficult to acquire surrogate alcohol. (<b><a href="/wiki/2016_Irkutsk_mass_methanol_poisoning" title="2016 Irkutsk mass methanol poisoning">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfa-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Gabrielle_(2007)" title="Tropical Storm Gabrielle (2007)">Tropical Storm Gabrielle (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boot_Monument" title="Boot Monument">Boot Monument</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_Little_Love" title="My Little Love">My Little Love</a>"</li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfa-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_article/February_2025" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured article/February 2025">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_articles" title="Wikipedia:Featured articles">More featured articles</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About_Today%27s_featured_article" title="Wikipedia:About Today's featured article">About</a></b></li></ul> </div></div> <h2 id="mp-dyk-h2" class="mp-h2">Did you know ...</h2> <div id="mp-dyk" class="mp-contains-float"> <div class="dyk-img" style="float: right; margin-left: 0.5em;"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 121px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sam_Matlock.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sam Matlock"><img alt="Sam Matlock" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Sam_Matlock.jpg/121px-Sam_Matlock.jpg" decoding="async" width="121" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Sam_Matlock.jpg/182px-Sam_Matlock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Sam_Matlock.jpg/242px-Sam_Matlock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="836" data-file-height="1114"></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Sam Matlock</div></div> </div> <ul><li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Sam_Matlock" title="Sam Matlock">Sam Matlock</a></b> <i>(pictured)</i> formed <b><a href="/wiki/Wargasm" title="Wargasm">Wargasm</a></b> with <a href="/wiki/Milkie_Way" title="Milkie Way">a woman</a> who photographed <b><a href="/wiki/Dead!" title="Dead!">Dead!</a></b>, his rock band?</li> <li>... that a <b><a href="/wiki/Ai_sponge" title="Ai sponge"><i>SpongeBob</i>-themed channel run by AI</a></b> quickly devolved into characters discussing depression, drug use, <a href="/wiki/Kleptomania" title="Kleptomania">kleptomania</a>, communism, and tax fraud?</li> <li>... that some workers in Japan pay <b><a href="/wiki/Resignation_services" title="Resignation services">agencies to tell their employers that they are resigning</a></b>?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Jones_(curler)" title="Jennifer Jones (curler)">Jennifer Jones</a></b> has won a record-tying six <a href="/wiki/Scotties_Tournament_of_Hearts" title="Scotties Tournament of Hearts">Canadian women's curling championships</a>?</li> <li>... that botanists at <a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens">Kew Gardens</a> suggested in 2018 that there were only three <b><a href="/wiki/Ensete_perrieri" title="Ensete perrieri">Madagascar banana trees</a></b> left?</li> <li>... that the movies available to <b><a href="/wiki/WTVJ" title="WTVJ">Florida's first TV station</a></b> were so bad early on that the host called his show "The P.U. 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Alston</a></i> made <a href="/wiki/Student_athlete" title="Student athlete">student athlete</a> <b><a href="/wiki/Influencer" title="Influencer">influencers</a></b> eligible for <a href="/wiki/Student_athlete_compensation" title="Student athlete compensation">compensation</a>?</li> <li>... that <b><a href="/wiki/Jailson_Mendes" title="Jailson Mendes">Jailson Mendes</a></b> had to gain weight for his first pornographic film?</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist dyk-footer noprint" style="margin-top: 0.5em; text-align: right;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Recent_additions" title="Wikipedia:Recent additions">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Your_first_article" title="Help:Your first article">Start a new article</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Did_you_know" title="Template talk:Did you know">Nominate an article</a></b></li></ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mp-right" class="MainPageBG mp-box"> <h2 id="mp-itn-h2" class="mp-h2">In the news</h2> <div id="mp-itn" class="mp-contains-float"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1053378754">.mw-parser-output .itn-img{float:right;margin-left:0.5em;margin-top:0.2em}</style><div role="figure" class="itn-img"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 120px;"> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81_(52539721210).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Klaus Iohannis in December 2022"><img alt="Klaus Iohannis in December 2022" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81_%2852539721210%29.jpg/118px-%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81_%2852539721210%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81_%2852539721210%29.jpg/177px-%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81_%2852539721210%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81_%2852539721210%29.jpg/236px-%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%99%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81_%2852539721210%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="786"></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word; text-align: left;">Klaus Iohannis</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Romania" title="President of Romania">President of Romania</a> <b><a href="/wiki/Klaus_Iohannis" title="Klaus Iohannis">Klaus Iohannis</a></b> <i>(pictured)</i> resigns from office, and is succeeded by <b><a href="/wiki/Ilie_Bolojan" title="Ilie Bolojan">Ilie Bolojan</a></b>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a> <b><a href="/wiki/Baltic_states_synchronization_with_CESA" title="Baltic states synchronization with CESA">complete synchronization</a></b> of their power grids with <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe_Synchronous_Area" title="Continental Europe Synchronous Area">continental Europe's</a>, disconnecting from <a href="/wiki/IPS/UPS" title="IPS/UPS">Russia's</a>.</li> <li>The ruling <a href="/wiki/Vet%C3%ABvendosje" title="Vetëvendosje">Vetëvendosje</a> party, led by <a href="/wiki/Albin_Kurti" title="Albin Kurti">Albin Kurti</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/2025_Kosovan_parliamentary_election" title="2025 Kosovan parliamentary election">wins the most seats</a></b> in the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_of_Kosovo" title="Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo">Assembly of Kosovo</a>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Union_(Liechtenstein)" title="Patriotic Union (Liechtenstein)">Patriotic Union</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Haas" title="Brigitte Haas">Brigitte Haas</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/2025_Liechtenstein_general_election" title="2025 Liechtenstein general election">wins the most seats</a></b> in the <a href="/wiki/Landtag_of_Liechtenstein" title="Landtag of Liechtenstein">Landtag of Liechtenstein</a>.</li></ul> <div class="itn-footer" style="margin-top: 0.5em;"> <div><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Ongoing</a></b>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M23_campaign_(2022%E2%80%93present)" title="M23 campaign (2022–present)">M23 campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_(1_January_2025_%E2%80%93_present)" title="Timeline of the Russian invasion of Ukraine (1 January 2025 – present)">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudanese_civil_war_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Sudanese civil war (2023–present)">Sudanese civil war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Sudanese_civil_war_(2025)" title="Timeline of the Sudanese civil war (2025)">timeline</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div> <div><b><a href="/wiki/Deaths_in_2025" title="Deaths in 2025">Recent deaths</a></b>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sukri_Bommagowda" title="Sukri Bommagowda">Sukri Bommagowda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hays" title="Helen Hays">Helen Hays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margarita_For%C3%A9s" title="Margarita Forés">Margarita Forés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Tipo" title="Maria Tipo">Maria Tipo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutherford_Chang" title="Rutherford Chang">Rutherford Chang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Lim" title="Moses Lim">Moses Lim</a></li></ul></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist itn-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:In_the_news/Candidates" title="Wikipedia:In the news/Candidates">Nominate an article</a></b></li></ul> </div></div> <h2 id="mp-otd-h2" class="mp-h2">On this day</h2> <div id="mp-otd" class="mp-contains-float"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">February 17</a></b>: <b><a href="/wiki/Presidents%27_Day" title="Presidents' Day">Presidents' Day</a></b> in the United States (2025) </p> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;" id="mp-otd-img"> <div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 166px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Preston_helicopter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Helicopter stolen in the 1974 White House incident"><img alt="Helicopter stolen in the 1974 White House incident" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Preston_helicopter.jpg/166px-Preston_helicopter.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Preston_helicopter.jpg/249px-Preston_helicopter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Preston_helicopter.jpg/332px-Preston_helicopter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1072" data-file-height="760"></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Helicopter stolen in the 1974 White House incident</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1859" title="1859">1859</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cochinchina_campaign" title="Cochinchina campaign">Cochinchina campaign</a>: <a href="/wiki/French_Navy" title="French Navy">French Navy</a> forces captured the <b><a href="/wiki/Citadel_of_Saigon" title="Citadel of Saigon">Citadel of Saigon</a></b>, defended by 1,000 Vietnamese soldiers of the <a href="/wiki/Nguy%E1%BB%85n_dynasty" title="Nguyễn dynasty">Nguyễn dynasty</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904" title="1904">1904</a> – Italian composer <a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini" title="Giacomo Puccini">Giacomo Puccini</a>'s <i><b><a href="/wiki/Madama_Butterfly" title="Madama Butterfly">Madama Butterfly</a></b></i> premiered at <a href="/wiki/La_Scala" title="La Scala">La Scala</a> in Milan to poor reviews, forcing him to revise the opera.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964" title="1964">1964</a> – <b><a href="/wiki/1964_Gabonese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Gabonese coup d'état">Gabonese military officers overthrew</a></b> President <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_M%27ba" title="Léon M'ba">Léon M'ba</a>, but French forces, honouring a 1960 treaty, forcibly reinstated him two days later.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974" title="1974">1974</a> – A U.S. Army soldier stole a <a href="/wiki/Bell_UH-1_Iroquois" title="Bell UH-1 Iroquois">Bell <span class="nowrap">UH-1</span></a> helicopter <i>(pictured)</i> and <b><a href="/wiki/1974_White_House_helicopter_incident" title="1974 White House helicopter incident">landed it</a></b> on the <a href="/wiki/South_Lawn" title="South Lawn">South Lawn</a> of the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> in Washington, D.C.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011" title="2011">2011</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arab_Spring" title="Arab Spring">Arab Spring</a>: Bahraini security forces <b><a href="/wiki/Bloody_Thursday_(Bahrain)" title="Bloody Thursday (Bahrain)">killed four protesters in a pre-dawn raid</a></b> at the <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Roundabout" title="Pearl Roundabout">Pearl Roundabout</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a>, while the "<b><a href="/wiki/Libyan_civil_war_(2011)" title="Libyan civil war (2011)">Day of Rage</a></b>" took place in Libya with nationwide protests against <a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a>'s government.</li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist" style="margin-top: 0.5em;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Favre" title="Joseph Favre">Joseph Favre</a></b> (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1849)</li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_las_Mercedes_Barbudo" title="María de las Mercedes Barbudo">María de las Mercedes Barbudo</a></b> (<abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1849)</li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Don_Tallon" title="Don Tallon">Don Tallon</a></b> (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1916)</li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Hung_Liu" title="Hung Liu">Hung Liu</a></b> (<abbr title="born">b.</abbr> 1948)</li></ul></div> <div style="margin-top:0.5em;"> More anniversaries: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline nowraplinks"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_16" title="February 16">February 16</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/February_17" title="February 17">February 17</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist otd-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries/February" title="Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries/February">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/daily-article-l.lists.wikimedia.org/" class="extiw" title="mail:daily-article-l">By email</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_days_of_the_year" title="List of days of the year">List of days of the year</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Selected_anniversaries" title="Wikipedia:Selected anniversaries">About</a></b></li></ul> </div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mp-middle" class="MainPageBG mp-box"> <h2 id="mp-tfl-h2" class="mp-h2">From today's featured list</h2> <div id="mp-tfl" class="mp-contains-float"><div id="mp-tfl-img" style="float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.4em 0.9em;"><div class="thumbinner mp-thumb" style="background: transparent; color: inherit; border: none; padding: 0; max-width: 164px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Winston_Churchill_As_Prime_Minister_1940-1945_MH26392.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Winston Churchill"><img alt="Winston Churchill" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Winston_Churchill_As_Prime_Minister_1940-1945_MH26392.jpg/164px-Winston_Churchill_As_Prime_Minister_1940-1945_MH26392.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Winston_Churchill_As_Prime_Minister_1940-1945_MH26392.jpg/246px-Winston_Churchill_As_Prime_Minister_1940-1945_MH26392.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Winston_Churchill_As_Prime_Minister_1940-1945_MH26392.jpg/328px-Winston_Churchill_As_Prime_Minister_1940-1945_MH26392.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5367" data-file-height="3917"></a></span><div class="thumbcaption" style="padding: 0.25em 0; word-wrap: break-word;">Winston Churchill</div></div> </div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill_as_a_writer" title="Winston Churchill as a writer">Winston Churchill was a prolific writer</a></b> under the variant of his full name 'Winston S. Churchill', in addition to his careers as a soldier and politician. After being commissioned into the <a href="/wiki/4th_Queen%27s_Own_Hussars" title="4th Queen's Own Hussars">4th Queen's Own Hussars</a> in 1895, Churchill gained permission to observe the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_War_of_Independence" title="Cuban War of Independence">Cuban War of Independence</a>, and sent war reports to <i><a href="/wiki/The_Graphic" title="The Graphic">The Daily Graphic</a></i>. He continued his war journalism in <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malakand" title="Siege of Malakand">Siege of Malakand</a>, then in the Sudan during the <a href="/wiki/Mahdist_War" title="Mahdist War">Mahdist War</a> and in southern Africa during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Boer_War" title="Second Boer War">Second Boer War</a>. Churchill's fictional output included one novel and a short story, but his main output comprised non-fiction. Churchill received the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> in 1953 "for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values". (<b><a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill_as_a_writer" title="Winston Churchill as a writer">Full list...</a></b>) </p> <div class="tfl-recent" style="text-align: right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_Arizona" title="United States congressional delegations from Arizona">United States congressional delegations from Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_NFL_draft" title="2012 NFL draft">2012 NFL draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Liechtenstein_general_elections" title="List of Liechtenstein general elections">Liechtenstein general elections</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist tfl-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Today%27s_featured_list/February_2025" title="Wikipedia:Today's featured list/February 2025">Archive</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Featured_lists" title="Wikipedia:Featured lists">More featured lists</a></b></li></ul> </div></div> </div> <div id="mp-lower" class="MainPageBG mp-box"> <h2 id="mp-tfp-h2" class="mp-h2">Today's featured picture</h2> <div id="mp-tfp"> <table role="presentation" style="margin:0 3px 3px; width:100%; box-sizing:border-box; text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 0.9em 0 0; width:350px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Katharine_Hepburn_publicity_photograph.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Katharine Hepburn"><img alt="Katharine Hepburn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Katharine_Hepburn_publicity_photograph.jpg/350px-Katharine_Hepburn_publicity_photograph.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="464" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Katharine_Hepburn_publicity_photograph.jpg/525px-Katharine_Hepburn_publicity_photograph.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Katharine_Hepburn_publicity_photograph.jpg/700px-Katharine_Hepburn_publicity_photograph.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2095" data-file-height="2776"></a></span> </td> <td style="padding:0 6px 0 0"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Katharine_Hepburn" title="Katharine Hepburn">Katharine Hepburn</a></b> (1907–2003) was an American actress of film, stage, and television. Known for her headstrong independence and spirited personality, Hepburn's career as a <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a> leading lady spanned more than 60 years. She won a record four <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a>, and in 1999 <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Stars" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Stars">was named as Hollywood's top female legend</a> by the <a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a>. Hepburn began acting in college, and spent four years in the theatre before entering films in 1932. She became an instant star, but after a series of unsuccessful films was named "box office poison". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Story_(film)" title="The Philadelphia Story (film)">The Philadelphia Story</a></i> revived her career, and she subsequently formed a popular alliance with <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Tracy" title="Spencer Tracy">Spencer Tracy</a> that lasted 25 years. In middle age, Hepburn found a niche playing spinsters, such as in <i><a href="/wiki/The_African_Queen_(film)" title="The African Queen (film)">The African Queen</a></i>, and became a <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">Shakespearean</a> stage actress. She continued to work into old age, making her final screen appearance in 1994 at the age of 87. Hepburn is remembered as an important cultural figure, as she came to epitomize the "modern woman" in 20th-century America and helped change perceptions of women. This publicity photograph of Hepburn was taken around 1941. </p> <p style="text-align:left;"><small>Photograph credit: <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios</a>, restored by <a href="/wiki/User:Adam_Cuerden" title="User:Adam Cuerden">Adam Cuerden</a></small></p> <div class="potd-recent" style="text-align:right;"> Recently featured: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2025-02-16" title="Template:POTD/2025-02-16">Lesser violetear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2025-02-15" title="Template:POTD/2025-02-15">Ernest Shackleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2025-02-14" title="Template:POTD/2025-02-14">Pomegranate</a></li></ul> </div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist potd-footer noprint" style="text-align:right;"> <ul><li><b><a 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title="Spanish (es:)" lang="es">Español</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Persian (fa:)" lang="fa">فارسی</span></a>‎</li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="French (fr:)" lang="fr">Français</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Italian (it:)" lang="it">Italiano</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Dutch (nl:)" lang="nl">Nederlands</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Japanese (ja:)" lang="ja">日本語</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Polish (pl:)" lang="pl">Polski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Portuguese (pt:)" lang="pt">Português</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Russian (ru:)" lang="ru">Русский</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Swedish (sv:)" lang="sv">Svenska</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Ukrainian (uk:)" lang="uk">Українська</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Vietnamese (vi:)" lang="vi">Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Chinese (zh:)" lang="zh">中文</span></a></li></ul> </div> </li> <li> <div class="wikipedia-languages-count-container"> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> <div role="heading" aria-level="3" class="wikipedia-languages-count">250,000+ articles</div> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist wikipedia-languages-langs inline"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Indonesian (id:)" lang="id">Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Malay (ms:)" lang="ms">Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Minnan (nan:)" lang="nan">閩南語</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bulgarian (bg:)" lang="bg">Български</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Catalan (ca:)" lang="ca">Català</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Czech (cs:)" lang="cs">Čeština</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Danish (da:)" lang="da">Dansk</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Esperanto (eo:)" lang="eo">Esperanto</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Basque (eu:)" lang="eu">Euskara</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Hebrew (he:)" lang="he">עברית</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Armenian (hy:)" lang="hy">Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Korean (ko:)" lang="ko">한국어</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Hungarian (hu:)" lang="hu">Magyar</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Norwegian (no:)" lang="no">Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Romanian (ro:)" lang="ro">Română</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Simple English (simple:)" lang="en">Simple English</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Slovak (sk:)" lang="sk">Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Serbian (sr:)" lang="sr">Srpski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Serbo-Croatian (sh:)" lang="sh">Srpskohrvatski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Finnish (fi:)" lang="fi">Suomi</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Turkish (tr:)" lang="tr">Türkçe</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Uzbek (uz:)" lang="uz">Oʻzbekcha</span></a></li></ul> </div> </li> <li> <div class="wikipedia-languages-count-container"> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> <div role="heading" aria-level="3" class="wikipedia-languages-count">50,000+ articles</div> <div class="wikipedia-languages-prettybars"></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist wikipedia-languages-langs inline"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Asturian (ast:)" lang="ast">Asturianu</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Azerbaijani (az:)" lang="az">Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bangla (bn:)" lang="bn">বাংলা</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Bosnian (bs:)" lang="bs">Bosanski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Central Kurdish (ckb:)" lang="ckb">کوردی</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Estonian (et:)" lang="et">Eesti</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Greek (el:)" lang="el">Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Western Frisian (fy:)" lang="fy">Frysk</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Irish (ga:)" lang="ga">Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Galician (gl:)" lang="gl">Galego</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Croatian (hr:)" lang="hr">Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Georgian (ka:)" lang="ka">ქართული</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Kurdish (ku:)" lang="ku">Kurdî</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Latvian (lv:)" lang="lv">Latviešu</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Lithuanian (lt:)" lang="lt">Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Malayalam (ml:)" lang="ml">മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Macedonian (mk:)" lang="mk">Македонски</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Burmese (my:)" lang="my">မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Norwegian Nynorsk (nn:)" lang="nn">Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Punjabi (pa:)" lang="pa">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Albanian (sq:)" lang="sq">Shqip</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Slovenian (sl:)" lang="sl">Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Thai (th:)" lang="th">ไทย</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Telugu (te:)" lang="te">తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/"><span class="autonym" title="Urdu (ur:)" lang="ur">اردو</span></a></li></ul> </div> </li> </ul> </div></div> </div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐b766959bd‐gtx7d Cached time: 20250217073332 Cache expiry: 3600 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [no‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.414 seconds Real time usage: 0.525 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5682/1000000 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Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </section></div> <!-- MobileFormatter took 0.008 seconds --><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&amp;type=1x1&amp;usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;oldid=1267837350">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;oldid=1267837350</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled language-selector button"> <span>Language</span> </a> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="" data-user-gender="" data-timestamp=""> <span>View edit history of this page.</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/" title="Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img 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