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<span>Comics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Comics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Comics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Comics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Batman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Batman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Batman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Batman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Robin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Robin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Robin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Robin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Joker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Joker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>The Joker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Joker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_characters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_characters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Other characters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_characters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life_and_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life_and_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Later life and career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life_and_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Awards and honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bob Kane</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بوب كين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوب كين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bob Kane" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B1_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Боб Кейн – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Боб Кейн" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bob Kane" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bob Kane" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bob Kane" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bob Kane" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80_%CE%9A%CE%AD%CE%B9%CE%BD" title="Μπομπ Κέιν – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπομπ Κέιν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bob Kane" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bob Kane" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="باب کین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باب کین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bob Kane" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bob Kane" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%A5_%EC%BC%80%EC%9D%B8" title="밥 케인 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="밥 케인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D5%A2_%D5%94%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B6" title="Բոբ Քեյն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բոբ Քեյն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bob Kane" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bob Kane" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9F" title="בוב קיין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בוב קיין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B1_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Боб Кейн – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Боб Кейн" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bob Kane" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bob Kane" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A8_%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%86" title="بوب كين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بوب كين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bob Kane" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9C%E3%83%96%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B1%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="ボブ・ケイン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ボブ・ケイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bob Kane" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bob Kane" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bob Kane" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bob Kane" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD,_%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B1" title="Кейн, Боб – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кейн, Боб" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bob Kane" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%86%D8%A8_%DA%A9%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%86" title="بۆب کەین – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بۆب کەین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B1_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BD" title="Боб Кејн – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Боб Кејн" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bob Kane" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bob Kane" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bob Kane" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bob Kane" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%87" title="பாப் கார்னே – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாப் கார்னே" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bob Kane" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B1_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Боб Кейн – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Боб Кейн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86" title="باب کین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="باب کین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Kane" title="Bob Kane – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bob Kane" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B2%8D%E5%8B%83%C2%B7%E5%87%AF%E6%81%A9" title="鲍勃·凯恩 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鲍勃·凯恩" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q313048#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American comic book artist, the co-creator of Batman</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the American painter, see <a href="/wiki/Bob_Paul_Kane" title="Bob Paul Kane">Bob Paul Kane</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1133510734">.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator .infobox-title{background-color:#99c2ff}.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator-manga .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator-manga .infobox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator-foreign-name{font-size:97%}.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator .infobox-label{width:40%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-comics-creator biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn">Bob Kane</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bob_Kane_1966_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bob_Kane_1966_photo.jpg/220px-Bob_Kane_1966_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bob_Kane_1966_photo.jpg/330px-Bob_Kane_1966_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Bob_Kane_1966_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="474" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Kane posing with a <a href="/wiki/Batmobile" title="Batmobile">Batmobile</a> painting in 1966</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">Robert Kahn<br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1915-10-24</span>)</span>October 24, 1915<br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">November 3, 1998<span style="display:none">(1998-11-03)</span> (aged 83)<br /><span class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, U.S.</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Area(s)</span></th><td class="infobox-data role">Writer, <a href="/wiki/Penciller" title="Penciller">Penciller</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Notable works</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Detective_Comics" title="Detective Comics">Detective Comics</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Spouse(s)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Beverly Sommer</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1940; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1957)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Elizabeth Sanders</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1987)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Bob_Kane.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Signature of Bob Kane" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Signature_of_Bob_Kane.png/150px-Signature_of_Bob_Kane.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Signature_of_Bob_Kane.png/225px-Signature_of_Bob_Kane.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6b/Signature_of_Bob_Kane.png 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="350" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Robert Kane</b> (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Née">né</a> <b>Kahn</b> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>; October 24, 1915 – November 3, 1998) was an American comic book writer, animator and artist who co-created <a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Bill_Finger" title="Bill Finger">Bill Finger</a>) and most early related characters for <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a>. He was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Comic_book" title="Comic book">comic book</a> industry's <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Kirby Hall of Fame">Jack Kirby Hall of Fame</a> in 1993 and into the <a href="/wiki/Eisner_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Eisner Award">Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame</a> in 1996. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Kane&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Robert Kahn was born in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His parents, Augusta and Herman Kahn, an engraver,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were of <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashkenazi Jew">Ashkenazi Jewish</a> descent.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/High_school" class="mw-redirect" title="High school">high school</a> friend of fellow cartoonist and future <a href="/wiki/Spirit_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spirit (comics)">Spirit</a> creator <a href="/wiki/Will_Eisner" title="Will Eisner">Will Eisner</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-UUaOV_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UUaOV-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robert Kahn graduated from <a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton_High_School" title="DeWitt Clinton High School">DeWitt Clinton High School</a> and then legally changed his name to Robert Kane.<sup id="cite_ref-me_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-me-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He studied art at <a href="/wiki/Cooper_Union" title="Cooper Union">Cooper Union</a> before joining the <a href="/wiki/Fleischer_Studios" title="Fleischer Studios">Max Fleischer Studio</a> as a trainee animator in the year of 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comics">Comics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Kane&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Comics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He entered the comics field two years later, in 1936, freelancing original material to editor <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Iger" title="Jerry Iger">Jerry Iger</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Comic_book" title="Comic book">comic book</a> <i>Wow, What a Magazine!</i>, including his first pencil and ink work on the serial <i>Hiram Hick</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Joe_Desris_1994_p._223_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joe_Desris_1994_p._223-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, Kane began to work at Iger's subsequent studio, <a href="/wiki/Eisner_%26_Iger" title="Eisner & Iger">Eisner & Iger</a>, which was one of the first comic book "packagers" that produced comics on demand for publishers entering the new <a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">medium</a> during its late-1930s and 1940s <a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Comic_Books" title="Golden Age of Comic Books">Golden Age</a>. Among his work there was the <a href="/wiki/Talking_animals_in_fiction" title="Talking animals in fiction">talking animal</a> feature "Peter Pupp"—which belied its look with overtones of "mystery and menace"<sup id="cite_ref-Joe_Desris_1994_p._223_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joe_Desris_1994_p._223-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—published in the U.K. comic magazine <i>Wags</i> and reprinted in <a href="/wiki/Fiction_House" title="Fiction House">Fiction House</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Jumbo_Comics" title="Jumbo Comics">Jumbo Comics</a></i>. Kane also produced work through Eisner & Iger for two of the companies that would later merge to form DC Comics, including the humor features "Ginger Snap" in <i><a href="/wiki/More_Fun_Comics" title="More Fun Comics">More Fun Comics</a></i>, "Oscar the Gumshoe" for <i><a href="/wiki/Detective_Comics" title="Detective Comics">Detective Comics</a></i>, and "Professor Doolittle" for <i><a href="/wiki/Adventure_Comics" title="Adventure Comics">Adventure Comics</a></i>. For that last title he went on to do his first adventure strip, "Rusty and his Pals".<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Batman">Batman</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Kane&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Batman"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detective_Comics_27_(May_1939).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/Detective_Comics_27_%28May_1939%29.png/220px-Detective_Comics_27_%28May_1939%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bc/Detective_Comics_27_%28May_1939%29.png 1.5x" data-file-width="267" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Detective_Comics_27" title="Detective Comics 27"><i>Detective Comics</i> #27</a> (May 1939). The first appearance of Batman. Art by Bob Kane.</figcaption></figure> <p>In early 1939, DC's success with the seminal superhero <a href="/wiki/Superman" title="Superman">Superman</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Action_Comics" title="Action Comics">Action Comics</a></i> prompted editors to scramble for more such heroes. In response, Bob Kane conceived "<a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">the Bat-Man</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kane said his influences for the character included actor <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Fairbanks" title="Douglas Fairbanks">Douglas Fairbanks</a>'s film portrayal of the swashbuckler <a href="/wiki/Zorro" title="Zorro">Zorro</a>; <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a>'s diagram of the <a href="/wiki/Ornithopter" title="Ornithopter">ornithopter</a>, a flying machine with huge bat-like wings; and the 1930 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bat_(1926_film)#Remakes" title="The Bat (1926 film)">The Bat Whispers</a></i>, based on <a href="/wiki/Mary_Rinehart" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Rinehart">Mary Rinehart</a>'s mystery novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Circular_Staircase" title="The Circular Staircase">The Circular Staircase</a></i> (1908).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Finger" title="Bill Finger">Bill Finger</a> joined Bob Kane's nascent studio in 1938. An aspiring writer and part-time shoe salesperson, he had met Kane at a party, and Kane later offered him a job <a href="/wiki/Ghost_writer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghost writer">ghost writing</a> the strips <i>Rusty</i> and <i>Clip Carson</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jim_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jim-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He recalled that Kane </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>...had an idea for a character called 'Batman', and he'd like me to see the drawings. I went over to Kane's, and he had drawn a character who looked very much like Superman with kind of ... reddish tights, I believe, with boots ... no gloves, no gauntlets ... with a small <a href="/wiki/Domino_mask" title="Domino mask">domino mask</a>, swinging on a rope. He had two stiff wings that were sticking out, looking like bat wings. And under it was a big sign ... BATMAN.<sup id="cite_ref-jim_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jim-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Finger said he offered such suggestions as giving the character a cowl and scalloped cape instead of wings; adding gloves; leaving the mask's eyeholes blank to connote mystery; and removing the bright red sections of the original costume, suggesting instead a gray-and-black color scheme. Finger additionally said<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his suggestions were influenced by <a href="/wiki/Lee_Falk" title="Lee Falk">Lee Falk</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Phantom" title="The Phantom">The Phantom</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Print_syndication" title="Print syndication">syndicated</a> newspaper <a href="/wiki/Comic_strip" title="Comic strip">comic strip</a> character with which Kane was familiar as well. Finger, who said he also devised the character's civilian name, <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Wayne" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruce Wayne">Bruce Wayne</a>, wrote the first Batman story, while Kane provided art. Kane, who had already submitted the proposal for Batman at DC and held a contract, is the only person given an official company credit for Batman's creation. Comics historian <a href="/wiki/Ron_Goulart" title="Ron Goulart">Ron Goulart</a>, in <i>Comic Book Encyclopedia</i>, refers to Batman as the "creation of artist Bob Kane and writer Bill Finger".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Kane, "Bill Finger was a contributing force on Batman right from the beginning. He wrote most of the great stories and was influential in setting the style and genre other writers would emulate ... I made Batman a superhero-vigilante when I first created him. Bill turned him into a scientific detective.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The character debuted in <a href="/wiki/Detective_Comics_27" title="Detective Comics 27"><i>Detective Comics</i> #27</a> (May 1939) and proved a breakout hit. Within a year, Kane hired art assistants <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Robinson" title="Jerry Robinson">Jerry Robinson</a> (initially as an <a href="/wiki/Inker" title="Inker">inker</a>) and <a href="/wiki/George_Roussos" title="George Roussos">George Roussos</a> (backgrounds artist and <a href="/wiki/Letterer" title="Letterer">letterer</a>). Though Robinson and Roussos worked out of Kane's art studio in <a href="/wiki/229_West_43rd_Street" title="229 West 43rd Street"><i>The New York Times</i> building</a>, Kane himself did all his drawing at home.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly afterward, when DC wanted more Batman stories than Kane's studio could deliver, the company assigned <a href="/wiki/Dick_Sprang" title="Dick Sprang">Dick Sprang</a> and other in-house pencilers as "<a href="/wiki/Ghostwriter" title="Ghostwriter">ghost artists</a>", drawing uncredited under Kane's supervision. Future <i>Justice League</i> writer <a href="/wiki/Gardner_Fox" title="Gardner Fox">Gardner Fox</a> wrote some early scripts, including the two-part story "The Monk" that introduced some of The Batman's first "Bat-" equipment.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1943, Kane left the Batman comic books to focus on penciling the daily <a href="/wiki/Batman_(comic_strip)" title="Batman (comic strip)"><i>Batman</i> newspaper comic strip</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Joe_Desris_1994_p._223_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joe_Desris_1994_p._223-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DC Comics artists ghosting the comic-book stories now included <a href="/wiki/Jack_Burnley" title="Jack Burnley">Jack Burnley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Win_Mortimer" title="Win Mortimer">Win Mortimer</a>, with Robinson moving up as <a href="/wiki/Penciler" class="mw-redirect" title="Penciler">penciler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Ray" title="Fred Ray">Fred Ray</a> contributing some covers. After the strip finished in 1946, Kane returned to the comic books but, unknown to DC, had hired his own personal ghosts, including <a href="/wiki/Lew_Schwartz" class="mw-redirect" title="Lew Schwartz">Lew Schwartz</a><sup id="cite_ref-alterego51_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alterego51-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Moldoff" title="Sheldon Moldoff">Sheldon Moldoff</a> from 1953 to 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Robin">Robin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Kane&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Robin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bill Finger recalled that </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><a href="/wiki/Robin_(character)" title="Robin (character)">Robin</a> was an outgrowth of a conversation I had with Bob. As I said, Batman was a combination of [Douglas] Fairbanks and Sherlock Holmes. Holmes had his Watson. The thing that bothered me was that Batman didn't have anyone to talk to, and it got a little tiresome always having him thinking. I found that as I went along Batman needed a Watson to talk to. That's how Robin came to be. Bob called me over and said he was going to put a boy in the strip to identify with Batman. I thought it was a great idea.<sup id="cite_ref-jim_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jim-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Kane, who had previously created a sidekick for Peter Pupp, proposed adding a boy named Mercury who would have worn a "super-costume".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robinson suggested a normal human, along with the name "<a href="/wiki/Robin_(name)" title="Robin (name)">Robin</a>", after <a href="/wiki/Robin_Hood" title="Robin Hood">Robin Hood</a> books he had read during boyhood, and noting in a 2005 interview he had been inspired by one book's <a href="/wiki/N._C._Wyeth" title="N. C. Wyeth">N. C. Wyeth</a> illustrations.<sup id="cite_ref-TCJ271_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCJ271-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The impetus came from Bill's wanting to extend the parameters of the story potential and of the drama. He saw that adding a sidekick would enhance the drama. Also, it enlarged the readership identification. The younger kids could then identify with Robin, which they couldn't with Batman, and the older ones with Batman. It extended the appeal on a lot of levels.<sup id="cite_ref-TCJ271_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TCJ271-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote><p> The new character, an orphaned circus performer named <a href="/wiki/Dick_Grayson" title="Dick Grayson">Dick Grayson</a>, came to live with Bruce Wayne as his young <a href="/wiki/Ward_(law)" title="Ward (law)">ward</a> in <i>Detective Comics</i> #38 (April 1940) and would inspire many similar sidekicks throughout the Golden Age of comic books.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Joker">The Joker</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Kane&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Joker"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Batman's nemesis the <a href="/wiki/Joker_(character)" title="Joker (character)">Joker</a> was introduced near that same time, in <i>Batman</i> #1 (Spring 1940). Credit for that character's creation is disputed. Kane's position is that </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Bill Finger and I created the Joker. Bill was the writer. Jerry Robinson came to me with a playing card of the Joker. That's the way I sum it up. [The Joker] looks like <a href="/wiki/Conrad_Veidt" title="Conrad Veidt">Conrad Veidt</a>—you know, the actor in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Laughs_(1928_film)" title="The Man Who Laughs (1928 film)">The Man Who Laughs</a></i>, [the 1928 movie based on the novel] by <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a>. ... Bill Finger had a book with a photograph of Conrad Veidt and showed it to me and said, 'Here's the Joker'. Jerry Robinson had absolutely nothing to do with it. But he'll always say he created it till he dies. He brought in a <a href="/wiki/Playing_card" title="Playing card">playing card</a>, which we used for a couple of issues for him [the Joker] to use as his playing card.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Robinson, whose original Joker playing card was on public display in the exhibition "Masters of American Comics" at the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_(Manhattan)" title="Jewish Museum (Manhattan)">Jewish Museum</a> in New York City, New York, from September 16, 2006 to January 28, 2007, and the William Breman Jewish Heritage Museum in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a> from October 24, 2004 to August 28, 2005, has countered that: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Bill Finger knew of Conrad Veidt because Bill had been to a lot of the foreign films. Veidt ... had this clown makeup with the frozen smile on his face (classic). When Bill saw the first drawing of the Joker, he said, 'That reminds me of Conrad Veidt in <i>The Man Who Laughs</i>.' He said he would bring in some shots of that movie to show me. That's how that came about. I think in Bill's mind, he fleshed out the concept of the character.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Robinson added, however, "If you read the Batman historian <a href="/wiki/E._Nelson_Bridwell" title="E. Nelson Bridwell">[E. Nelson] Bridwell</a>, he had one interview where he interviewed Bill Finger and he said no, the Joker was created by me—an acknowledgement. He can be credited and Bob himself, we all played a role in it. ... He wrote the script of that, so he really was co-creator, and Bob and I did the visuals, so Bob was also."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_characters">Other characters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Kane&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to comics historian <a href="/wiki/Les_Daniels" title="Les Daniels">Les Daniels</a>, "nearly everyone seems to agree that <a href="/wiki/Two-Face" title="Two-Face">Two-Face</a> was Kane's brainchild exclusively".<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Catwoman" title="Catwoman">Catwoman</a>, originally introduced by Kane with no costume as "the Cat", was partially inspired by his cousin, Ruth Steel.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kane, a frequent moviegoer, mentioned that <a href="/wiki/Jean_Harlow" title="Jean Harlow">Jean Harlow</a> was a model for the design and added that "I always felt that women were feline".<sup id="cite_ref-Daniels,_Les_1999,_p._42_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daniels,_Les_1999,_p._42-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kane created the <a href="/wiki/Scarecrow_(DC_Comics)" title="Scarecrow (DC Comics)">Scarecrow</a> and drew his first appearance, which was scripted by Finger.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kane also created the original incarnation of <a href="/wiki/Clayface" title="Clayface">Clayface</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Kane, he drew <a href="/wiki/Penguin_(character)" title="Penguin (character)">the Penguin</a> after being inspired by the then advertising mascot of <a href="/wiki/Kool_(cigarette)" title="Kool (cigarette)">Kool</a> cigarettes—a <a href="/wiki/Penguin" title="Penguin">penguin</a> with a top hat and cane. Finger, however, claimed that he created the villain as a caricature of the aristocratic type, because "stuffy English gentlemen" reminded him of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_penguin" title="Emperor penguin">emperor penguins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Daniels,_Les_1999,_p._42_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Daniels,_Les_1999,_p._42-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life_and_career">Later life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Kane&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Later life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1966, Kane retired from DC Comics, choosing to focus on <a href="/wiki/Fine_art" title="Fine art">fine art</a>. As Kane's comic-book work tapered off in the 1960s, he parlayed his Batman status into minor celebrity. He enjoyed a post-comics career in <a href="/wiki/Animation_in_the_United_States_in_the_television_era" title="Animation in the United States in the television era">television animation</a>, creating the characters <a href="/wiki/Courageous_Cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Courageous Cat">Courageous Cat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cool_McCool" title="Cool McCool">Cool McCool</a>, and as a painter showed his work in <a href="/wiki/Art_museum" title="Art museum">art galleries</a>, although some of these paintings were produced by ghost artists.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> DC Comics named Kane in 1985 as one of the honorees in the company's 50th anniversary publication <i><a href="/wiki/Fifty_Who_Made_DC_Great" title="Fifty Who Made DC Great">Fifty Who Made DC Great</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1989, Kane published the autobiography <i><a href="/wiki/Batman_and_Me" class="mw-redirect" title="Batman and Me">Batman and Me</a></i>, with an updated edition <i>Batman and Me: The Saga Continues</i>, in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kane worked as a consultant on the 1989 film <i><a href="/wiki/Batman_(1989_film)" title="Batman (1989 film)">Batman</a></i> and its three sequels with directors <a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joel_Schumacher" title="Joel Schumacher">Joel Schumacher</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a> interviewed Kane in the documentary series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Comic_Book_Greats" title="The Comic Book Greats">The Comic Book Greats</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Kane&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kane married his first wife, Beverly, in the 1940s,<sup id="cite_ref-oxfordpress_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxfordpress-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the two divorced in 1957.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had a daughter,<sup id="cite_ref-oxfordpress_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxfordpress-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deborah.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kane married his second wife, actress Elizabeth Sanders Kane, in 1987.<sup id="cite_ref-People_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Kane&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bob_Kane_Grave.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bob_Kane_Grave.JPG/220px-Bob_Kane_Grave.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bob_Kane_Grave.JPG/330px-Bob_Kane_Grave.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Bob_Kane_Grave.JPG/440px-Bob_Kane_Grave.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Grave of Bob Kane, at Forest Lawn Hollywood Hills</figcaption></figure> <p>Kane died November 3, 1998, at <a href="/wiki/Cedars-Sinai_Medical_Center" title="Cedars-Sinai Medical Center">Cedars-Sinai Medical Center</a> in Los Angeles, at age 83.<sup id="cite_ref-nytobit_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is buried at <a href="/wiki/Forest_Lawn_Memorial_Park_(Hollywood_Hills)" title="Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)">Forest Lawn Memorial Park</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Hills" title="Hollywood Hills">Hollywood Hills</a> of Los Angeles, California.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Kane&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kane was a recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Inkpot_Award" title="Inkpot Award">Inkpot Award</a> in 1977,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was inducted into the Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1994<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Eisner_Award_winners#The_Will_Eisner_Award_Hall_of_Fame" title="List of Eisner Award winners">Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame</a> in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-halloffame-official_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-halloffame-official-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was added to the <a href="/wiki/National_Comics_Awards" title="National Comics Awards">National Comics Awards</a>' Roll of Honour in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 21, 2015, for his work in motion pictures, he posthumously received a star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a>, at 6764 <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Boulevard" title="Hollywood Boulevard">Hollywood Boulevard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kane's work is housed in collections in New York City's <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Museum_of_American_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitney Museum of American Art">Whitney Museum of American Art</a>, and <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_University_(New_York_City)" title="St. John's University (New York City)">St. John's University</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Kane&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nytobit-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytobit_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBoxer1998" class="citation news cs1">Boxer, Sarah (November 7, 1998). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/07/arts/bob-kane-83-the-cartoonist-who-created-batman-is-dead.html">"Bob Kane, 83, the Cartoonist Who Created 'Batman,' Is Dead"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150929022628/http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/1024.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 29, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bob+Kane%2C+83%2C+the+Cartoonist+Who+Created+%27Batman%2C%27+Is+Dead&rft.date=1998-11-07&rft.aulast=Boxer&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F11%2F07%2Farts%2Fbob-kane-83-the-cartoonist-who-created-batman-is-dead.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABob+Kane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMondello2005" class="citation book cs1">Mondello, Salvatore (2005). Carnes, Mark C. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wZczV8ZxgL4C&pg=PA302"><i>American National Biography: Supplement 2</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195222029" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195222029"><bdi>978-0195222029</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+National+Biography%3A+Supplement+2&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0195222029&rft.aulast=Mondello&rft.aufirst=Salvatore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwZczV8ZxgL4C%26pg%3DPA302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABob+Kane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.ie/entertainment/books/holy-sunflowers-how-batman-drove-van-gogh-out-of-town-2105626.html">"Holy sunflowers! How Batman drove Van Gogh out of town"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Independent" title="Irish Independent">Irish Independent</a></i>. March 20, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Irish+Independent&rft.atitle=Holy+sunflowers%21+How+Batman+drove+Van+Gogh+out+of+town&rft.date=2010-03-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Fentertainment%2Fbooks%2Fholy-sunflowers-how-batman-drove-van-gogh-out-of-town-2105626.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABob+Kane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloom2008" class="citation news cs1">Bloom, Nate (July 18, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clevelandjewishnews.com/archives/jewish-stars/article_86beaefa-cc2e-5c8d-81ce-f5d56fd4176a.html">"Jewish Stars"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Jewish_News" title="Cleveland Jewish News">Cleveland Jewish News</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cleveland+Jewish+News&rft.atitle=Jewish+Stars&rft.date=2008-07-18&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Nate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clevelandjewishnews.com%2Farchives%2Fjewish-stars%2Farticle_86beaefa-cc2e-5c8d-81ce-f5d56fd4176a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABob+Kane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UUaOV-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UUaOV_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinstein2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Simcha_Weinstein" title="Simcha Weinstein">Weinstein, Simcha</a> (2006). <i>Up, Up, and Oy Vey!</i> (1st ed.). Leviathan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-881927-32-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-881927-32-7"><bdi>978-1-881927-32-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Up%2C+Up%2C+and+Oy+Vey%21&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Leviathan+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-881927-32-7&rft.aulast=Weinstein&rft.aufirst=Simcha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABob+Kane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-me-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-me_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaneTom_Andrae1989" class="citation book cs1">Kane, Bob; Tom Andrae (1989). <i>Batman & Me</i>. Forestville, California: Eclipse Books. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56060-017-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-56060-017-9"><bdi>1-56060-017-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Batman+%26+Me&rft.place=Forestville%2C+California&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Eclipse+Books&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=1-56060-017-9&rft.aulast=Kane&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft.au=Tom+Andrae&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABob+Kane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chris Ryall, Scott Tipton, <i>Comic Books 101: The History, Methods and Madness</i> (Impact Books, 2009). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60061-187-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60061-187-2">978-1-60061-187-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Joe_Desris_1994_p._223-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Joe_Desris_1994_p._223_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joe_Desris_1994_p._223_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Joe_Desris_1994_p._223_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDesris1994" class="citation book cs1">Desris, Joe (1994). "Biography". <i>Batman Archives, Volume 3</i>. <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a>. p. 223. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-56389-099-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-56389-099-2"><bdi>1-56389-099-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Biography&rft.btitle=Batman+Archives%2C+Volume+3&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=DC+Comics&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1-56389-099-2&rft.aulast=Desris&rft.aufirst=Joe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABob+Kane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniels1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Les_Daniels" title="Les Daniels">Daniels, Les</a> (1999). <i>Batman: The Complete History</i>. San Francisco, California: <a href="/wiki/Chronicle_Books" title="Chronicle Books">Chronicle Books</a>. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8118-4232-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8118-4232-0"><bdi>0-8118-4232-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Batman%3A+The+Complete+History&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+California&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Chronicle+Books&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-8118-4232-0&rft.aulast=Daniels&rft.aufirst=Les&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABob+Kane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniels, page 20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2006" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Brian (September 2006). <i>The Comics Since 1945</i>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/Abrams_Books" title="Abrams Books">Abrams Books</a>. pp. 10–12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0810992603" title="Special:BookSources/978-0810992603"><bdi>978-0810992603</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Comics+Since+1945&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pages=10-12&rft.pub=Abrams+Books&rft.date=2006-09&rft.isbn=978-0810992603&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABob+Kane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jim-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jim_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jim_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jim_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteranko1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Steranko" title="Jim Steranko">Steranko, Jim</a> (1970). <i>The Steranko History of Comics</i>. Reading, Pennsylvania: Supergraphics. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-50188-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-50188-0"><bdi>0-517-50188-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Steranko+History+of+Comics&rft.place=Reading%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Supergraphics&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=0-517-50188-0&rft.aulast=Steranko&rft.aufirst=Jim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABob+Kane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Finger in Kane, Andrae, p. 41</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoulart2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Goulart" title="Ron Goulart">Goulart, Ron</a> (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/comicbookencyclo00goul"><i>Comic Book Encyclopedia</i></a></span>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Joker%27s+Maker+Tackles+%27The+Man+Who+Laughs%27&rft.pub=RocketLlama.com&rft.date=2009-08-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rocketllama.com%2Fblog-it%2F2009%2F08%2F05%2Finterview-the-jokers-maker-tackles-the-man-who-laughs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABob+Kane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniels, Les, <i>Batman: The Complete History</i>, Chronicle Books, 1999, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kane, Andrae, p. ???</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteel2011" class="citation web cs1">Steel, Ruth (May 27, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0HfIuUKpTPU#t=7m55s">"Ruth Steel Interview (Age 96)"</a>. <i>Video</i>. 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(October 16, 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-10-16-ca-6592-story.html">"Bat Guy's Back on Film with Some Advice from 'Dad': Bob Kane, Who Created the Caped Crusader in 1939, Is a Consultant on Warners' Big-Budget Batfeature"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Bat+Guy%27s+Back+on+Film+with+Some+Advice+from+%27Dad%27%3A+Bob+Kane%2C+Who+Created+the+Caped+Crusader+in+1939%2C+Is+a+Consultant+on+Warners%27+Big-Budget+Batfeature&rft.date=1988-10-16&rft.aulast=Broeske&rft.aufirst=Pat+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1988-10-16-ca-6592-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABob+Kane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliver1998" class="citation news cs1">Oliver, Myrna (November 6, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-nov-06-me-39865-story.html">"Bob Kane, Creator of Batman, Dies"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Bob+Kane%2C+Creator+of+Batman%2C+Dies&rft.date=1998-11-06&rft.aulast=Oliver&rft.aufirst=Myrna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1998-nov-06-me-39865-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABob+Kane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSims2014" class="citation web cs1">Sims, Chris (April 4, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comicsalliance.com/stan-lee-bob-kane-interview/">"Stan Lee Wishes His 'Friend' Bob Kane Was Still Alive So He Could Rub His Face in Marvel's Movie Success"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/ComicsAlliance" title="ComicsAlliance">ComicsAlliance</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ComicsAlliance&rft.atitle=Stan+Lee+Wishes+His+%27Friend%27+Bob+Kane+Was+Still+Alive+So+He+Could+Rub+His+Face+in+Marvel%27s+Movie+Success&rft.date=2014-04-04&rft.aulast=Sims&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcomicsalliance.com%2Fstan-lee-bob-kane-interview%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABob+Kane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oxfordpress-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oxfordpress_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oxfordpress_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarnes2005" class="citation book cs1">Carnes, Mark C., ed. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0195222024"><i>American National Biography: Supplement 2</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195222029" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195222029"><bdi>978-0195222029</bdi></a>. <q>Kane married his first wife, Beverly, in the 1940s; the couple had a daughter...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+National+Biography%3A+Supplement+2&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0195222029&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fisbn%3D0195222024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABob+Kane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeifert2014" class="citation web cs1">Seifert, Mark (August 14, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bleedingcool.com/2014/08/14/the-bob-kane-files-what-kanes-personal-copies-of-the-earliest-batman-comics-tells-us-about-one-of-comics-historys-most-enigmatic-creators/">"The Bob Kane Files: What Kane's Personal Copies Of The Earliest Batman Comics Tells Us About One Of Comics History's Most Enigmatic Creators"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Cool" title="Bleeding Cool">Bleeding Cool</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151031225534/http://www.bleedingcool.com/2014/08/14/the-bob-kane-files-what-kanes-personal-copies-of-the-earliest-batman-comics-tells-us-about-one-of-comics-historys-most-enigmatic-creators/">Archived</a> from the original on October 31, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 9,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bob+Kane+Files%3A+What+Kane%27s+Personal+Copies+Of+The+Earliest+Batman+Comics+Tells+Us+About+One+Of+Comics+History%27s+Most+Enigmatic+Creators&rft.pub=Bleeding+Cool&rft.date=2014-08-14&rft.aulast=Seifert&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bleedingcool.com%2F2014%2F08%2F14%2Fthe-bob-kane-files-what-kanes-personal-copies-of-the-earliest-batman-comics-tells-us-about-one-of-comics-historys-most-enigmatic-creators%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABob+Kane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Staff-written introduction to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKane1989" class="citation news cs1">Kane, Bob (July 31, 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.com/archive/my-son-the-batman-a-proud-memoir-by-the-artist-who-sired-gothams-defender-vol-32-no-5/">"My Son, the Batman: A Proud Memoir by the Artist Who Sired Gotham's Defender"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/People_(magazine)" title="People (magazine)">People</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170309002529/http://people.com/archive/my-son-the-batman-a-proud-memoir-by-the-artist-who-sired-gothams-defender-vol-32-no-5/">Archived</a> from the original on March 9, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=People&rft.atitle=My+Son%2C+the+Batman%3A+A+Proud+Memoir+by+the+Artist+Who+Sired+Gotham%27s+Defender&rft.date=1989-07-31&rft.aulast=Kane&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeople.com%2Farchive%2Fmy-son-the-batman-a-proud-memoir-by-the-artist-who-sired-gothams-defender-vol-32-no-5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABob+Kane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-People-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-People_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.com/archive/caped-creator-vol-50-no-19/">"Caped Creator"</a>. <i>People</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170309001240/http://people.com/archive/caped-creator-vol-50-no-19/">Archived</a> from the original on March 9, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=People&rft.atitle=Caped+Creator&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeople.com%2Farchive%2Fcaped-creator-vol-50-no-19%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABob+Kane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110110035432/http://www.seeing-stars.com/imagepages/BobKaneGravePhoto.shtml">"The Grave of Bob Kane"</a>. Seeing-Stars.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seeing-stars.com/ImagePages/BobKaneGravePhoto.shtml">the original</a> on January 10, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Grave+of+Bob+Kane&rft.pub=Seeing-Stars.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seeing-stars.com%2FImagePages%2FBobKaneGravePhoto.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABob+Kane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comic-con.org/awards/inkpot">Inkpot Award</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHahn" class="citation web cs1">Hahn, Joel (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/harvey94.php">"1994 Harvey Award Nominees and Winners"</a>. Comic Book Awards Almanac. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150608194910/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/harvey94.php">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1994+Harvey+Award+Nominees+and+Winners&rft.pub=Comic+Book+Awards+Almanac&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hahnlibrary.net%2Fcomics%2Fawards%2Fharvey94.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABob+Kane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-halloffame-official-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-halloffame-official_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comic-con.org/awards/hall-fame-awards">"Will Eisner Hall of Fame"</a>. <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Comic-Con_International" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego Comic-Con International">San Diego Comic-Con International</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150707202058/http://www.comic-con.org/awards/hall-fame-awards">Archived</a> from the original on July 7, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 22,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Will+Eisner+Hall+of+Fame&rft.pub=San+Diego+Comic-Con+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.comic-con.org%2Fawards%2Fhall-fame-awards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABob+Kane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/national99.php">"1999 National Comics Awards"</a>. <i>Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110519091228/http://www.hahnlibrary.net/comics/awards/national99.php">Archived</a> from the original on May 19, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 8,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hahn+Library+Comic+Book+Awards+Almanac&rft.atitle=1999+National+Comics+Awards&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hahnlibrary.net%2Fcomics%2Fawards%2Fnational99.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABob+Kane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.walkoffame.com/bob-kane">"Bob Kane"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a> (Hollywood Chamber of Commerce). October 21, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160403102933/http://walkoffame.com/bob-kane">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bob+Kane&rft.date=2015-10-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.walkoffame.com%2Fbob-kane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABob+Kane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuiz2015" class="citation pressrelease cs1">Ruiz, Sara (October 21, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dccomics.com/blog/2015/10/21/batman-creator-bob-kane-honored-posthumously-with-star-on-the-hollywood-walk-of-fame">"Batman Creator Bob Kane Honored Posthumously with Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame"</a> (Press release). <a href="/wiki/DC_Comics" title="DC Comics">DC Comics</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160919174552/http://www.dccomics.com/blog/2015/10/21/batman-creator-bob-kane-honored-posthumously-with-star-on-the-hollywood-walk-of-fame">Archived</a> from the original on September 19, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 29,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Batman+Creator+Bob+Kane+Honored+Posthumously+with+Star+on+the+Hollywood+Walk+of+Fame&rft.pub=DC+Comics&rft.date=2015-10-21&rft.aulast=Ruiz&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dccomics.com%2Fblog%2F2015%2F10%2F21%2Fbatman-creator-bob-kane-honored-posthumously-with-star-on-the-hollywood-walk-of-fame&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABob+Kane" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Kane&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Goulart, Ron, <i>Over 50 Years of American Comic Books</i> (BDD Promotional Books Company, 1991), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7924-5450-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7924-5450-2">0-7924-5450-2</a>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7924-5450-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7924-5450-2">978-0-7924-5450-2</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Kane&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Bob_Kane" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Bob Kane">Bob Kane</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0004170/">Bob Kane</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.twomorrows.com/comicbookartist/articles/03kane.html"><i>Comic Book Artist</i> #3 (Winter 1999): "The Bob Kane Letter"</a> (September 14, 1965 open letter by Bob Kane)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Batman" title="Template:Batman"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Batman" title="Template talk:Batman"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Batman" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Batman"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Batman" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Batman" title="Batman">Batman</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bob Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Finger" title="Bill Finger">Bill Finger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Batman_creators" title="List of Batman creators">Other contributors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Batman_supporting_characters" title="List of Batman supporting characters">Supporting characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Batman_family_enemies" title="List of Batman family enemies">Enemies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Batman_enemies_in_other_media" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Batman enemies in other media">In other media</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations in <a href="/wiki/Gotham_City" title="Gotham City">Gotham City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkham_Asylum" title="Arkham Asylum">Arkham Asylum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batcave" title="Batcave">Batcave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotham_City_Police_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotham City Police Department">Gotham City Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S.T.A.R._Labs" class="mw-redirect" title="S.T.A.R. Labs">S.T.A.R. Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Enterprises" title="Wayne Enterprises">Wayne Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Manor" title="Wayne Manor">Wayne Manor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batarang" title="Batarang">Batarang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batcomputer" class="mw-redirect" title="Batcomputer">Batcomputer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batsuit" title="Batsuit">Batsuit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman%27s_utility_belt" title="Batman's utility belt">utility belt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat-Signal" title="Bat-Signal">Bat-Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bat_phone" title="Bat phone">Bat phone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batboat" class="mw-redirect" title="Batboat">Batboat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batcopter" class="mw-redirect" title="Batcopter">Batcopter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batcycle" title="Batcycle">Batcycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batmobile" title="Batmobile">Batmobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batplane" title="Batplane">Batplane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Batman_(franchise)" title="Batman (franchise)">Batman in other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batman_in_film" title="Batman in film">In film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_video_games_featuring_Batman" title="List of video games featuring Batman">In video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_in_amusement_parks" title="Batman in amusement parks">In amusement parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Batman_children%27s_books" title="List of Batman children's books">In children's books</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Batman_comics" title="List of Batman comics">Ongoing publications</a> (<a href="/wiki/Publication_history_of_Batman" title="Publication history of Batman">history</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Detective_Comics" title="Detective Comics">Detective Comics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Batman_(comic_book)" title="Batman (comic book)">Batman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Batman_Beyond_(comics)" title="Batman Beyond (comics)">Batman Beyond</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Batgirl" title="Batgirl">Batgirl</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Batwoman" title="Batwoman">Batwoman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dick_Grayson" title="Dick Grayson">Nightwing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Harley_Quinn" title="Harley Quinn">Harley Quinn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Red_Hood_and_the_Outlaws" title="Red Hood and the Outlaws">Red Hood and the Outlaws</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DC_Comics_%E2%80%93_The_Legend_of_Batman" title="DC Comics – The Legend of Batman">DC Comics – The Legend of Batman</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detective_Comics_27" title="Detective Comics 27"><i>Detective Comics</i> #27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_Batman" title="Origin of Batman">Origin of Batman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batman_and_Robin" title="Batman and Robin">Batman and Robin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexuality_in_the_Batman_franchise" title="Homosexuality in the Batman franchise">Homosexuality in the Batman franchise</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bat_Whispers" title="The Bat Whispers">The Bat Whispers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Batkid_Begins" title="Batkid Begins">Batkid Begins</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Batman" title="Category:Batman">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Inkpot_Award_(1970s)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1970s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1970s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Inkpot_Award_1970s" title="Template talk:Inkpot Award 1970s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Inkpot_Award_1970s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Inkpot Award 1970s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Inkpot_Award_(1970s)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Inkpot_Award" title="Inkpot Award">Inkpot Award</a> (1970s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1974</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forrest_J._Ackerman" class="mw-redirect" title="Forrest J. Ackerman">Forrest J. Ackerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bradbury" title="Ray Bradbury">Ray Bradbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Alyn" title="Kirk Alyn">Kirk Alyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Caniff" title="Milton Caniff">Milton Caniff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Clampett" title="Bob Clampett">Bob Clampett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Foray" title="June Foray">June Foray</a></li> <li>Eric Hoffman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Jones" title="Chuck Jones">Chuck Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby">Jack Kirby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lee" title="Stan Lee">Stan Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_R._Lund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William R. Lund (page does not exist)">William R. "Bill" Lund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russ_Manning" title="Russ Manning">Russ Manning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Myers" title="Russell Myers">Russell Myers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Schulz" title="Charles M. Schulz">Charles M. Schulz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Seuling" title="Phil Seuling">Phil Seuling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Thomas" title="Roy Thomas">Roy Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bjo_Trimble" title="Bjo Trimble">Bjo Trimble</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barry_Alfonso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barry Alfonso (page does not exist)">Barry Alfonso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Anderson_(cartoonist)" title="Brad Anderson (cartoonist)">Brad Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bloch" title="Robert Bloch">Robert Bloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaughn_Bod%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaughn Bodé">Vaughn Bodé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Rice_Burroughs" title="Edgar Rice Burroughs">Edgar Rice Burroughs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daws_Butler" title="Daws Butler">Daws Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Butner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Butner (page does not exist)">Richard Butner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shel_Dorf" title="Shel Dorf">Shel Dorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Eisner" title="Will Eisner">Will Eisner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Evanier" title="Mark Evanier">Mark Evanier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil_Kane" title="Gil Kane">Gil Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Light_(comics)" title="Alan Light (comics)">Alan Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Moores" title="Dick Moores">Dick Moores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Pal" title="George Pal">George Pal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Serling" title="Rod Serling">Rod Serling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Shuster" title="Joe Shuster">Joe Shuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Siegel" title="Jerry Siegel">Jerry Siegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Windsor-Smith" title="Barry Windsor-Smith">Barry Windsor-Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Starlin" title="Jim Starlin">Jim Starlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Steranko" title="Jim Steranko">Jim Steranko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sturgeon" title="Theodore Sturgeon">Theodore Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Vincent" title="Larry Vincent">Larry Vincent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neal_Adams" title="Neal Adams">Neal Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Aragon%C3%A9s" title="Sergio Aragonés">Sergio Aragonés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Blanc" title="Mel Blanc">Mel Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Brunner" title="Frank Brunner">Frank Brunner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Griffin" title="Rick Griffin">Rick Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Hart" title="Johnny Hart">Johnny Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Clayton_Johnson" title="George Clayton Johnson">George Clayton Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vicky_Kelso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vicky Kelso (page does not exist)">Vicky Kelso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Lazarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mel Lazarus">Mel Lazarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Mayer" title="Sheldon Mayer">Sheldon Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dale_Messick" title="Dale Messick">Dale Messick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Ni%C3%B1o" title="Alex Niño">Alex Niño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Rico" title="Don Rico">Don Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Thompson_(Comics_Buyer%27s_Guide)" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Thompson (Comics Buyer's Guide)">Don Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maggie_Thompson" title="Maggie Thompson">Maggie Thompson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1977</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Alcala" title="Alfredo Alcala">Alfredo Alcala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Barks" title="Carl Barks">Carl Barks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._C._Beck" title="C. C. Beck">C. C. Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Chaykin" title="Howard Chaykin">Howard Chaykin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lester_Dent" title="Lester Dent">Lester Dent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Estrada" title="Jackie Estrada">Jackie Estrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_Foster" title="Hal Foster">Hal Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_B._Gibson" title="Walter B. Gibson">Walter "The Shadow" Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Harmon" title="Jim Harmon">Jim Harmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Robert A. Heinlein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gene_Henderson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gene Henderson (page does not exist)">Gene Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kaluta" title="Michael Kaluta">Michael Kaluta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Kubert" title="Joe Kubert">Joe Kubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Kurtzman" title="Harvey Kurtzman">Harvey Kurtzman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Lucas" title="George Lucas">George Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Lynde" title="Stan Lynde">Stan Lynde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_Preiss" title="Byron Preiss">Byron Preiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trina_Robbins" title="Trina Robbins">Trina Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Ralph_Ross" title="Stanley Ralph Ross">Stanley Ralph Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Scott_(voice_actor)" title="Bill Scott (voice actor)">Bill Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Scroggy" title="David Scroggy">David Scroggy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Ward" title="Jay Ward">Jay Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Len_Wein" title="Len Wein">Len Wein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1978</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Buscema" title="John Buscema">John Buscema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Capp" title="Al Capp">Al Capp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Colan" title="Gene Colan">Gene Colan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_Fox" title="Gill Fox">Gill Fox</a></li> <li>Tom French</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Gerber" title="Steve Gerber">Steve Gerber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_Gould" title="Chester Gould">Chester Gould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burne_Hogarth" title="Burne Hogarth">Burne Hogarth</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bob Kane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Krueger" title="Ken Krueger">Ken Krueger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bernie_Lansky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bernie Lansky (page does not exist)">Bernie Lansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_Morrow" title="Gray Morrow">Gray Morrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Nash" title="Clarence Nash">Clarence Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grim_Natwick" title="Grim Natwick">Grim Natwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Rotsler" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Rotsler">Bill Rotsler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Royer_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Royer (comics)">Mike Royer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Shelton" title="Gilbert Shelton">Gilbert Shelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Sheridan_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dave Sheridan (artist)">Dave Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Stout" title="Bill Stout">Bill Stout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Thorne" title="Frank Thorne">Frank Thorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Vallejo" title="Boris Vallejo">Boris Vallejo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mort_Weisinger" title="Mort Weisinger">Mort Weisinger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Woggon" title="Elmer Woggon">Elmer Woggon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1979</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Craig Anderson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Englehart" title="Steve Englehart">Steve Englehart</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dale_Enzenbacher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dale Enzenbacher (page does not exist)">Dale Enzenbacher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Freas" title="Kelly Freas">Kelly Freas</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virginia_French&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virginia French (page does not exist)">Virginia French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._R._Giger" title="H. R. Giger">H. R. Giger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gene_Hazelton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gene Hazelton (page does not exist)">Gene Hazelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Macek" title="Carl Macek">Carl Macek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Moscoso" title="Victor Moscoso">Victor Moscoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Niven" title="Larry Niven">Larry Niven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_O%27Neill" title="Dan O'Neill">Dan O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Partch" title="Virgil Partch">Virgil Partch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Pournelle" title="Jerry Pournelle">Jerry Pournelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nestor_Redondo" title="Nestor Redondo">Nestor Redondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Rogers" title="Marshall Rogers">Marshall Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Romita_Sr." title="John Romita Sr.">John Romita Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Spicer" title="Bill Spicer">Bill Spicer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mort_Walker" title="Mort Walker">Mort Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marv_Wolfman" title="Marv Wolfman">Marv Wolfman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inkpot_Award" title="Inkpot Award">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1970s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1970s">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1980s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1990s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_2000s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_2010s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 2010s">2010s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/21px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/42px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_York" class="mw-disambig" title="Portal:New York">New York</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q313048#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q313048#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q313048#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121421953">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/85570423">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/262830/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvmH8C67BRDkbr38fQXh3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124141609">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n89105909">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14027616v">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14027616v">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0042779&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1103066">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1618682">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p074545094">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90617852">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200806452">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810639419005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007404801405171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058608339706706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14356862">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500128947">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bob Kane"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/6a760b62-66be-45f9-aab9-b28cc35af952">MusicBrainz</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/227091">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/30424">Museum of Modern Art</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span 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