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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Implementation_of_policies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Implementation of policies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Implementation_of_policies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Implementation of policies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Implementation_of_policies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Policy_of_homogenization_of_Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Policy_of_homogenization_of_Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Policy of homogenization of Pakistan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Policy_of_homogenization_of_Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li 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vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Constitutional_and_institutionalised_persecution_of_minorities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Constitutional and institutionalised persecution of minorities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Constitutional_and_institutionalised_persecution_of_minorities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bleed_India_with_a_Thousand_Cuts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bleed_India_with_a_Thousand_Cuts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Bleed India with a Thousand Cuts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bleed_India_with_a_Thousand_Cuts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Policy_of_state-sponsorship_of_terrorism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Policy_of_state-sponsorship_of_terrorism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Policy of state-sponsorship of terrorism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Policy_of_state-sponsorship_of_terrorism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Allegations:_By_multilateral_organisations_and_other_nations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Allegations:_By_multilateral_organisations_and_other_nations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Allegations: By multilateral organisations and other nations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Allegations:_By_multilateral_organisations_and_other_nations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evidence_of_admissions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evidence_of_admissions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.2</span> <span>Evidence of admissions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evidence_of_admissions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-POV plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-POV" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutrality</a> of this article is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NPOV_dispute" title="Wikipedia:NPOV dispute">disputed</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Criticism_of_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces##" title="Talk:Criticism of the Pakistan Armed Forces">talk page</a>. Please do not remove this message until <a href="/wiki/Template:POV#When_to_remove" title="Template:POV">conditions to do so are met</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Analytical disapproval of the Pakistan Armed Forces' actions and policies</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Merge_to plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-move" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Merge-arrow.svg/50px-Merge-arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Merge-arrow.svg/75px-Merge-arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Merge-arrow.svg/100px-Merge-arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">It has been suggested that this article be <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">merged</a> into <i><a href="/wiki/The_Establishment_(Pakistan)" title="The Establishment (Pakistan)">The Establishment (Pakistan)</a></i>. (<a href="/wiki/Talk:The_Establishment_(Pakistan)#Proposed_merge_of_Criticism_of_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces_into_The_Establishment_(Pakistan)" title="Talk:The Establishment (Pakistan)">Discuss</a>)<small><i> Proposed since November 2024.</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Pakistan Armed Forces</a> have been criticized for eroding democratic processes in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>, for being the largest <a href="/wiki/Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Military–industrial complex">business conglomeration</a> in the country and for excessive control over the domestic and foreign policies of Pakistan. In 2019, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a></i> blamed <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Pakistan Army</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Pakistan" title="Poverty in Pakistan">poverty in Pakistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Critics of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Pakistan Army</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> activist <a href="/wiki/Manzoor_Pashteen" title="Manzoor Pashteen">Manzoor Pashteen</a>, have been jailed while like-minded Pakistani citizens are warned against criticizing the military establishment.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Pakistan, the military is considered a part of what is known as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Establishment_(Pakistan)" title="The Establishment (Pakistan)">The Establishment</a>;</i> they control the state through a backdoor and are a part of a working <a href="/wiki/Deep_state" title="Deep state">deep state</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deep_state_in_Pakistan">Deep state in Pakistan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Criticism_of_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Deep state in Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Economical_control">Economical control</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Criticism_of_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Economical control"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Establishment's runs a <a href="/wiki/Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Military–industrial complex">military–industrial complex</a> in Pakistan with more than 50 business entities worth over US$20 billion; owned through <a href="/wiki/Army_Welfare_Trust" title="Army Welfare Trust">Army Welfare Trust</a>, <a href="/wiki/Defence_Housing_Authority" title="Defence Housing Authority">Defence Housing Authority</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fauji_Foundation" title="Fauji Foundation">Fauji Foundation</a> ,and <a href="/wiki/Shaheen_Foundation" title="Shaheen Foundation">Shaheen Foundation</a>; runs Pakistan's largest business empire ranging from petrol pumps to huge industrial plants, banks, bakeries, schools and universities, hosiery factories, milk dairies, stud farms, and cement plants, as well <a href="/wiki/Defence_Housing_Authority" title="Defence Housing Authority">Defence Housing Authority</a> townships.<sup id="cite_ref-loot1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-loot1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Control_over_government_policy:_Political_Islam_driven">Control over government policy: Political Islam driven</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Criticism_of_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Control over government policy: Political Islam driven"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_textbooks_controversy" title="Pakistani textbooks controversy">Islamisation of school text books</a></div> <p>The Establishment has control over the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign policy of Pakistan">foreign</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Dawn_Newspapers,_Javed_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawn_Newspapers,_Javed-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and domestic policy of Islamisation of Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-hazzani-131_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hazzani-131-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Haqqani-148_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haqqani-148-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jones-16-centre_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jones-16-centre-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the historian Professor <a href="/wiki/Mubarak_Ali" title="Mubarak Ali">Mubarak Ali</a>, textbook "reform" in Pakistan began with the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Studies">Pakistan Studies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">Islamic studies</a> by <a href="/wiki/Zulfiqar_Ali_Bhutto" class="mw-redirect" title="Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto">Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto</a> in 1971 into the national curriculum as a compulsory subject and the military dictator <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq</a>, under a general drive towards Islamization, started the process of historical revisionism in earnest and exploited this initiative. 'The Pakistani establishment taught their children right from the beginning that this state was built on the basis of religion – that's why they don't have tolerance for other religions and want to wipe-out all of them.'<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementation_of_policies">Implementation of policies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Criticism_of_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Implementation of policies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Core principles/values of the Establishment are the policy of treating India as an arch-rival and existential threat, the Kashmir liberation from hindus , Islamisation of Pakistan, Punjab as the heartland/core of Pakistan, strategic use of non-state militants and other Islamic states as Pakistan's natural allies.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Policy_of_homogenization_of_Pakistan">Policy of homogenization of Pakistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Criticism_of_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Policy of homogenization of Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_textbooks_controversy" title="Pakistani textbooks controversy">Pakistani textbooks controversy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindi%E2%80%93Urdu_controversy" title="Hindi–Urdu controversy">Hindi–Urdu controversy</a></div> <p>During the rule of General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq a <i>"program of <a href="/wiki/Zia-ul-Haq%27s_Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization">Islamization</a>"</i> of the country including the textbooks was started to ingrain school kids with <a href="/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism" title="Islamic fundamentalism">Islamised fundamentals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MosqueMilitary_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MosqueMilitary-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Jamil_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jamil-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Sustainable Development Policy Institute, since the 1970s Pakistan's school textbooks have systematically inculcated hatred towards <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> through historical revisionism.<sup id="cite_ref-SDPI_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SDPI-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These school books played a key role in spreading hatred against non-Muslims, particularly against Hindus and distorted the history.<sup id="cite_ref-et20110115_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-et20110115-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Professor Marwat blamed General Zia for “sowing seeds of discord in society on religious and ethnic lines by stuffing school curricula with material that promoted hatred now manifested in the shape of extremism, intolerance, militancy, sectarianism, dogmatism and fanaticism ... after the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">Indo-Pakistani War of 1965</a> countless lessons and chapters were introduced that spread hatred among the students and portrayed India as the biggest enemy of the Muslims. That stuff should be done away with."<sup id="cite_ref-Dawn20100727_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawn20100727-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a> professor <a href="/wiki/Vali_Nasr" title="Vali Nasr">Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Indophobia">Indophobia</a> in Pakistan increased with the ascendancy of the militant Islamist <a href="/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan" title="Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan">Jamaat-e-Islami</a> under <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Abul_Ala_Maududi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi">Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vali_Nasr_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vali_Nasr-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indophobia, together with Anti-Hinduism and racist ideologies, such as the <a href="/wiki/Martial_Race" class="mw-redirect" title="Martial Race">martial race</a> theory, were the driving factors behind the re-writing of school textbooks in Pakistan (in both "secular" schools and Islamic <a href="/wiki/Madrassah" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrassah">madrassahs</a>) in order to promote a biased and revisionist historiography of the Indian subcontinent that promulgated Indophobic and anti-Hindu prejudices. These narratives are combined with Islamist propaganda in the extensive revising of Pakistan's history. By propagating concepts such as <a href="/wiki/Jihad" title="Jihad">jihad</a>, the inferiority of non-Muslims, India's perceived ingrained enmity with Pakistan, etc., the textbook board publications used by all government schools promote an obscurantist mindset.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Forced_disappearances_and_targeted_extra-judicial_killings">Forced disappearances and targeted extra-judicial killings</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Criticism_of_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Forced disappearances and targeted extra-judicial killings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Forced_disappearance_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced disappearance in Pakistan">Forced disappearance in Pakistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Targeted_killings_in_Pakistan" title="Targeted killings in Pakistan">Targeted killings in Pakistan</a></div> <p>The Establishment is allegedly responsible for the thousands of kidnapping and disappearances.<sup id="cite_ref-gandhara_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gandhara-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and described as epidemic by <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> (HRW),<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Forced_disappearance_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced disappearance in Pakistan">forced appearances</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extrajudicial_killing" title="Extrajudicial killing">extrajudicial killings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Targeted_killings_in_Pakistan" title="Targeted killings in Pakistan">targeted killings</a> of people which the establishment consider enemy of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-Walsh_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walsh-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Yearbook_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yearbook-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rhs2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rhs2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rhs1_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rhs1-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pash1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pash1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pash2_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pash2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pash3_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pash3-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through direct involvement of military and <a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Intelligence" title="Inter-Services Intelligence">ISI</a> in these activities.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bbc-22-2-14_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-22-2-14-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Tarabella-24-6-15_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tarabella-24-6-15-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dwivedi-103_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dwivedi-103-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rashid-22-2-2014_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rashid-22-2-2014-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 2011, the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Commission_of_Pakistan" title="Human Rights Commission of Pakistan">Human Rights Commission of Pakistan</a> issued a report on illegal disappearances in Balochistan which identified ISI and Frontier Corps as the perpetrators.<sup id="cite_ref-Akbar-17-5-15-q_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Akbar-17-5-15-q-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Establishment in Pakistan is responsible for the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Forced_disappearance_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced disappearance in Pakistan">forced disappearance in Pakistan</a>, a form of kidnapping, torturing and extrajudicial killing its own citizens without any judicial due process. After the <a href="/wiki/US_invasion_of_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="US invasion of Afghanistan">US invasion of Afghanistan</a> in 2001, <a href="/wiki/Forced_disappearance" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced disappearance">forced disappearance</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> began during the rule of military dictator General <a href="/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Pervez Musharraf</a> (1999 to 2008).<sup id="cite_ref-HRW-We_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW-We-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Musharraf resigned in August 2008, he was charged with various <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> violations.<sup id="cite_ref-IW-Musharraf_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IW-Musharraf-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During Musharraf's tenure, many people were forcibly taken away by government agencies.<sup id="cite_ref-IW-Musharraf_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IW-Musharraf-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dawn-Irene_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawn-Irene-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Policy_of_Islamisation_of_Pakistan">Policy of Islamisation of Pakistan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Criticism_of_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Policy of Islamisation of Pakistan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq%27s_Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization">Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization of Pakistan</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq%27s_Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization">Shariazation of Pakistan</a> as "primary" policy of Pakistan<sup id="cite_ref-Haqqani-148_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Haqqani-148-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jones-16-centre_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jones-16-centre-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was initiated and implemented by the government of military dictator <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq</a>, the ruler of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> from 1977 until his death in 1988, who is "the person most responsible for turning Pakistan into a global center for <a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">political Islam</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-hazzani-131_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hazzani-131-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">partition of India</a>, and resulting <a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistan#Muslim_homeland_–_"Now_or_Never"" title="History of Pakistan">creation of Pakistan</a> based on the concept of separate Islamic nation for the self determination of Muslims,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Two-Nation_Theory_Exists2_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Two-Nation_Theory_Exists2-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a> has Islam as its <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">state religion</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> teaching of <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">quran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_studies" title="Islamic studies">islamiyat</a> is compulsory,<sup id="cite_ref-state.gov2_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-state.gov2-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CP/312_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CP/312-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only Muslims can become Prime Minister or President of Pakistan<sup id="cite_ref-sync32_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sync32-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and non-Muslims have not been raised to the highest level in the government recently. However, there remains a precedence of appointing non-Muslims to higher offices as well. </p><p>In the judiciary, <a href="/wiki/Rana_Bhagwandas" title="Rana Bhagwandas">Rana Bhagwandas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alvin_Robert_Cornelius" title="Alvin Robert Cornelius">Alvin Robert Cornelius</a> have served as former Chief Justices of Supreme Court.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the government, <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zafarullah_Khan" title="Muhammad Zafarullah Khan">Muhammad Zafarullah Khan</a> served as <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Minister_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Minister of Pakistan">Foreign Minister of Pakistan</a>. Between 1961 and 1964, he was Pakistan's Permanent Representative at the United Nations. From 1962 to 1964, he was also the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="President of the United Nations General Assembly">President</a> of the <a href="/wiki/UN_General_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="UN General Assembly">UN General Assembly</a>. He later rejoined the ICJ as a judge from 1964 to 1973, serving as President from 1970 to 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the military, General <a href="/wiki/Akhtar_Hussain_Malik" title="Akhtar Hussain Malik">Akhtar Hussain Malik</a>, overall commander for <a href="/wiki/Operation_Grand_Slam" title="Operation Grand Slam">Operation Grand Slam</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">Second Kashmir War</a> is regarded as a war hero. His brother, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general" title="Lieutenant general">Lieutenant General</a> <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Ali_Malik" title="Abdul Ali Malik">Abdul Ali Malik</a>, has also served in the army as a 3-star general and commanded the <a href="/wiki/I_Corps_(Pakistan)" title="I Corps (Pakistan)">I Corps</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_war_of_1971" title="Indo-Pakistani war of 1971">third war</a> with India in 1971. <a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">Major General</a> <a href="/wiki/Iftikhar_Khan_Janjua" title="Iftikhar Khan Janjua">Iftikhar Khan Janjua</a> is the most senior Pakistani officer to have been <a href="/wiki/Killed_in_action" title="Killed in action">killed in action</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has held command of formations such as <a href="/wiki/6th_Armoured_Division_(Pakistan)" title="6th Armoured Division (Pakistan)">6 Armoured Division</a>, which has seen action in notable battles such as <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mogadishu_(1993)" title="Battle of Mogadishu (1993)">Battle of Mogadishu</a>. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Pakistan Air Force">Pakistan Air Force</a>, non-Muslims have been promoted to the highest ranking position in the past.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is demonstrated by the promotion of <a href="/wiki/Zafar_Chaudhry" title="Zafar Chaudhry">Zafar Chaudhry</a>, to the post of <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Air_Staff_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan)">Chief of Air Staff</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has also served as <a href="/wiki/Managing_director" class="mw-redirect" title="Managing director">managing director</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_International_Airlines" title="Pakistan International Airlines">Pakistan International Airlines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, Ahmadis are <a href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_to_the_Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Second Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan">constitutionally banned</a> from calling themselves Muslims.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Constitutional_and_institutionalised_persecution_of_minorities">Constitutional and institutionalised persecution of minorities</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Criticism_of_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Constitutional and institutionalised persecution of minorities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Blasphemy_law_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Blasphemy law in Pakistan">Blasphemy law in Pakistan</a></div> <p>The Establishment also engages in the institutionalised persecution of minorities in Pakistan, specially <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis#Pakistan" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Ahmadiyya</a>, Shias and <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazara_people#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Hazara people">Hazara</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq%27s_Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization">Islamization of Pakistan</a> by the military dictator <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq</a> who took over the power through military coup. Pakistan is known for widespread discrimination against religious minorities, with attacks against <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> communities being widespread. These attacks are usually blamed on religious extremists but certain laws in the Pakistan Criminal Code and government inaction have only caused these attacks to surge higher.<sup id="cite_ref-dawn.com_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dawn.com-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hrwreport2014_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrwreport2014-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sunni militant groups operate with impunity across Pakistan, as law enforcement officials (The Establishment) either turn a blind eye or appear helpless to prevent widespread attacks against religious minorities.<sup id="cite_ref-hrwreport2014_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrwreport2014-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rise of <a href="/wiki/The_Establishment#Pakistan" title="The Establishment">The Establishment in Pakistan</a>-backed <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> in Pakistan has been an influential and increasing factor in the persecution of and <a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_religious_minorities_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Discrimination against religious minorities in Pakistan">discrimination against religious minorities in Pakistan</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Sikhs</a>, and other minorities.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bleed_India_with_a_Thousand_Cuts">Bleed India with a Thousand Cuts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Criticism_of_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bleed India with a Thousand Cuts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Bleed_India_with_a_Thousand_Cuts" title="Bleed India with a Thousand Cuts">Bleed India with a Thousand Cuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Revocation_of_the_special_status_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir">Revocation of the special status of J&K by India</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bleed_India_with_a_Thousand_Cuts" title="Bleed India with a Thousand Cuts">Bleed India with a Thousand Cuts</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Military_doctrine" title="Military doctrine">military doctrine</a> followed by <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan military">Pakistani Establishment</a> against India.<sup id="cite_ref-GatesScott_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GatesScott-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It consists of waging <a href="/wiki/Proxy_war" title="Proxy war">covert war</a> against India using insurgents at multiple locations.<sup id="cite_ref-Sirrs2016_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sirrs2016-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to scholar Aparna Pande, this view was put forward in various studies by the Pakistani military, particularly in its <a href="/wiki/Staff_College,_Quetta" class="mw-redirect" title="Staff College, Quetta">Staff College, Quetta</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peter Chalk and Christine Fair cite the former director of the <a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Intelligence" title="Inter-Services Intelligence">Inter-Services Intelligence</a> (ISI) explicating the strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-Chalk_Fair_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chalk_Fair-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This doctrine was first attempted to flame the <a href="/wiki/Punjab_insurgency" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab insurgency">Punjab insurgency</a> and then <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_insurgency" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmir insurgency">Kashmir insurgency</a> using India's <a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Pakistan_border" title="India–Pakistan border">western border</a> with Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-Dogra_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dogra-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IndiatimesDoctrine_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndiatimesDoctrine-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 1965 speech to the <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a> declared a thousand-year war against India.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bhutto.org_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bhutto.org-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Army_Chief_of_Staff_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Army Chief of Staff (Pakistan)">Pakistan Army Chief</a> General <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Zia-ul-Haq</a> gave form to Bhutto's "thousand years war" with the 'bleeding India through a thousand cuts' doctrine using covert and low-intensity warfare with militancy and infiltration.<sup id="cite_ref-World_Politics_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-World_Politics-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IndiatimesDoctrine_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IndiatimesDoctrine-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dogra_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dogra-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Policy_of_state-sponsorship_of_terrorism">Policy of state-sponsorship of terrorism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Criticism_of_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Policy of state-sponsorship of terrorism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ajmal_Kasab" title="Ajmal Kasab">Ajmal Kasab</a>, a Pakistani<sup id="cite_ref-Dawn_Pakistani_Newspaper_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dawn_Pakistani_Newspaper-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SupremeAppeal_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SupremeAppeal-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> member of Pakistan-based<sup id="cite_ref-cfrprofile_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cfrprofile-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> globally banned <a href="/wiki/Terrorist_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrorist organization">terrorist organization</a><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lashkar-e-Taiba" title="Lashkar-e-Taiba">Lashkar-e-Taiba</a>, which operates <a href="/wiki/Afghan_training_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Afghan training camp">several terrorist training camps</a> in <a href="/wiki/Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Azad Jammu and Kashmir">Pakistan-administered Kashmir</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-cronin_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cronin-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> launched <a href="/wiki/2008_Mumbai_attacks" title="2008 Mumbai attacks">2008 Mumbai terrorist attacks</a><sup id="cite_ref-azam_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-azam-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-b-mirror_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b-mirror-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> killing 72 people.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Allegations:_By_multilateral_organisations_and_other_nations">Allegations: By multilateral organisations and other nations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Criticism_of_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Allegations: By multilateral organisations and other nations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/State_Sponsors_of_Terrorism_(U.S._list)" title="State Sponsors of Terrorism (U.S. list)">U.S. Country Reports on Terrorism</a> describes Pakistan as a "Terrorist safe haven" where terrorists are able to organise, plan, raise funds, communicate, recruit, train, transit, and operate in relative security because of inadequate governance capacity, political will, or both.<sup id="cite_ref-Terroristan6_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Terroristan6-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Terroristan7_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Terroristan7-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pakistan's tribal region along its border with Afghanistan has been described as a safe haven for terrorists by western media and the United States Defense Secretary.<sup id="cite_ref-Terroristan9_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Terroristan9-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Terroristan10_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Terroristan10-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, US issued series of official statements asking Pakistan to immediately end support and safe haven to all terrorist groups.<sup id="cite_ref-Terroristan3_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Terroristan3-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A report by <a href="/wiki/Saban_Center_for_Middle_East_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Saban Center for Middle East Policy">Saban Center for Middle East Policy</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a> states that Pakistan was "the world's most active sponsor of terrorist groups... aiding these groups that pose a direct threat to the United States. Pakistan's active participation has caused thousands of deaths in the region; all these years Pakistan has been supportive to several terrorist groups despite several stern warnings from the international community."<sup id="cite_ref-Terroristan5_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Terroristan5-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pakistani government's top leaders and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Pakistan Army</a>'s top leaders are often seen in public sharing stage with the UN and US designated terrorists.<sup id="cite_ref-Terroristan4_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Terroristan4-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Evidence_of_admissions">Evidence of admissions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Criticism_of_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Evidence of admissions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2019, former Prime Minister of Pakistan <a href="/wiki/Imran_Khan" title="Imran Khan">Imran Khan</a> on his official visit to the United States admitted the presence of 30000-40000 armed terrorists in the country and that the previous governments were hiding this truth particularly from the US in the past.<sup id="cite_ref-Terroristan8_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Terroristan8-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, former Pakistani prime minister <a href="/wiki/Nawaz_Sharif" title="Nawaz Sharif">Nawaz Sharif</a> admitted that the Pakistani government played a role in the <a href="/wiki/2008_Mumbai_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Mumbai attack">2008 Mumbai attack</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Farmer2019_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farmer2019-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Former Pakistani president <a href="/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Pervez Musharraf</a>, a military dictator who took over the power by military coup, conceded that his forces trained militant groups to fight India in Indian-administered Kashmir.<sup id="cite_ref-Speigel_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Speigel-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He confessed that the government ″<a href="/wiki/Turn_a_blind_eye" class="mw-redirect" title="Turn a blind eye">turned a blind eye</a>″ because it wanted to force India to enter into negotiations, as well as raise the issue internationally.<sup id="cite_ref-Speigel_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Speigel-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also said Pakistani spies in the <a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Intelligence" title="Inter-Services Intelligence">Inter-Services Intelligence</a> directorate (ISI) cultivated the Taliban after 2001 because Karzai's government was dominated by non-Pashtuns, who are the country's largest ethnic group, and by officials who were thought to favour India.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Criticism_of_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Military–industrial complex">Military–industrial complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_state" title="Deep state">deep state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asim_Saleem_Bajwa" title="Asim Saleem Bajwa">Asim Saleem Bajwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qamar_Javed_Bajwa" title="Qamar Javed Bajwa">Qamar Javed Bajwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_Naseer" title="Faisal Naseer">Faisal Naseer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manzoor_Pashteen" title="Manzoor Pashteen">Manzoor Pashteen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imran_Khan" title="Imran Khan">Imran Khan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Criticism_of_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/leaders/2019/01/12/pakistans-army-is-to-blame-for-the-poverty-of-the-countrys-208m-citizens">"Pakistan's army is to blame for the poverty of the country's 208m citizens"</a> – via The Economist.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pakistan%E2%80%99s+army+is+to+blame+for+the+poverty+of+the+country%E2%80%99s+208m+citizens&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fleaders%2F2019%2F01%2F12%2Fpakistans-army-is-to-blame-for-the-poverty-of-the-countrys-208m-citizens&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-51262639">"Activist who dared to challenge Pakistan army held"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2020-01-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Activist+who+dared+to+challenge+Pakistan+army+held&rft.date=2020-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-51262639&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-39919354">"Pakistanis warned to stop 'army-bashing'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2017-05-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Pakistanis+warned+to+stop+%27army-bashing%27&rft.date=2017-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-39919354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-loot1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-loot1_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://qz.com/india/1134516/inside-pakistans-biggest-business-conglomerate-the-pakistani-military/">Inside Pakistan’s biggest business conglomerate: the Pakistani military</a>, qz.com, Lt. General Kamal, 21 DavarNovember 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dawn_Newspapers,_Javed-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dawn_Newspapers,_Javed_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJavid2014" class="citation news cs1">Javid, Hassan (23 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1146181">"COVER STORY: The Army & Democracy: Military Politics in Pakistan"</a>. <i>DAWN.COM</i>. Dawn Newspapers. Dawn Newspapers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170816152146/https://www.dawn.com/news/1146181">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DAWN.COM&rft.atitle=COVER+STORY%3A+The+Army+%26+Democracy%3A+Military+Politics+in+Pakistan&rft.date=2014-11-23&rft.aulast=Javid&rft.aufirst=Hassan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1146181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hazzani-131-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hazzani-131_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hazzani-131_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFḤaqqānī2005" class="citation book cs1">Ḥaqqānī, Husain (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nYppZ_dEjdIC&q=zia+ul-haq+most+noted&pg=PA132"><i>Pakistan: between mosque and military</i></a>. Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. p. 131. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87003-214-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87003-214-1"><bdi>978-0-87003-214-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2010</span>. <q>Zia ul-Haq is often identified as the person most responsible for turning Pakistan into a global center for political Islam. Undoubtedly, Zia went farthest in defining Pakistan as an Islamic state, and he nurtured the jihadist ideology ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3A+between+mosque+and+military&rft.place=Washington&rft.pages=131&rft.pub=Carnegie+Endowment+for+International+Peace&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-87003-214-1&rft.aulast=%E1%B8%A4aqq%C4%81n%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=Husain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnYppZ_dEjdIC%26q%3Dzia%2Bul-haq%2Bmost%2Bnoted%26pg%3DPA132&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haqqani-148-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Haqqani-148_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haqqani-148_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaqqani2005" class="citation book cs1">Haqqani, Hussain (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nYppZ_dEjdIC&q=Pakistan:Between+Mosque+and+Military"><i>Pakistan:Between Mosque and Military; §From Islamic Republic to Islamic State</i></a>. United States: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (July 2005). p. 148. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87003-214-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87003-214-1"><bdi>978-0-87003-214-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3ABetween+Mosque+and+Military%3B+%C2%A7From+Islamic+Republic+to+Islamic+State&rft.place=United+States&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=Carnegie+Endowment+for+International+Peace+%28July+2005%29&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-87003-214-1&rft.aulast=Haqqani&rft.aufirst=Hussain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnYppZ_dEjdIC%26q%3DPakistan%3ABetween%2BMosque%2Band%2BMilitary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jones-16-centre-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jones-16-centre_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jones-16-centre_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2002" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Owen Bennett (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t8iYEgPYG_EC&q=%22eye+of+the+storm%22+islam+centrepiece&pg=PA16"><i>Pakistan : eye of the storm</i></a>. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. pp. 16–7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300101478" title="Special:BookSources/978-0300101478"><bdi>978-0300101478</bdi></a>. <q>... Zia made Islam the centrepiece of his administration.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pakistan+%3A+eye+of+the+storm&rft.place=New+Haven+and+London&rft.pages=16-7&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0300101478&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Owen+Bennett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt8iYEgPYG_EC%26q%3D%2522eye%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bstorm%2522%2Bislam%2Bcentrepiece%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/belief/2009/may/18/pakistan-textbooks-religious-extremism">The threat of Pakistan's revisionist texts</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>, 18 May 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2004" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Stephen P. (2004). <i>The idea of Pakistan</i>. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0815715023" title="Special:BookSources/978-0815715023"><bdi>978-0815715023</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+idea+of+Pakistan&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Brookings+Institution+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0815715023&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Stephen+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MosqueMilitary-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MosqueMilitary_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaqqani2010" class="citation book cs1">Haqqani, Hussain (10 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nYppZ_dEjdIC&q=reforming%20textbooks%20pakistan&pg=PA149"><i>Pakistan:between mosque and the military</i></a>. Carnegie Endowment. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780870032851" title="Special:BookSources/9780870032851"><bdi>9780870032851</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3Abetween+mosque+and+the+military&rft.pub=Carnegie+Endowment&rft.date=2010-03-10&rft.isbn=9780870032851&rft.aulast=Haqqani&rft.aufirst=Hussain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnYppZ_dEjdIC%26q%3Dreforming%2520textbooks%2520pakistan%26pg%3DPA149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jamil-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jamil_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJamil" class="citation web cs1">Jamil, Baela Raza. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itacec.org/document/nep09/NCERT%20Pakistan%20paper%20BRJ.pdf">"Curriculum Reforms in Pakistan – A Glass Half Full or Half Empty?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Idara-e-Taleem-o-Aagahi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Curriculum+Reforms+in+Pakistan+%E2%80%93+A+Glass+Half+Full+or+Half+Empty%3F&rft.pub=Idara-e-Taleem-o-Aagahi&rft.aulast=Jamil&rft.aufirst=Baela+Raza&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.itacec.org%2Fdocument%2Fnep09%2FNCERT%2520Pakistan%2520paper%2520BRJ.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SDPI-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SDPI_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110816022019/http://www.uvm.edu/~envprog/madrassah/TextbooksinPakistan.pdf">The subtle Subversion: A report on Curricula and Textbooks in Pakistan</a> Compiled by A. H. Nayyar and Ahmed Salim</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-et20110115-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-et20110115_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButt2011" class="citation web cs1">Butt, Qaiser (15 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tribune.com.pk/story/104066/mortal-threat-reforming-education-to-check-extremism/">"Mortal Threat:Reforming education to check extremism"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Express_Tribune" title="The Express Tribune">The Express Tribune</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Express+Tribune&rft.atitle=Mortal+Threat%3AReforming+education+to+check+extremism.&rft.date=2011-01-15&rft.aulast=Butt&rft.aufirst=Qaiser&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftribune.com.pk%2Fstory%2F104066%2Fmortal-threat-reforming-education-to-check-extremism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dawn20100727-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dawn20100727_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYusufzai2010" class="citation web cs1">Yusufzai, Ashfaq (27 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.dawn.com/archives/136078">"Curricula to be cleansed of hatred"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(newspaper)" title="Dawn (newspaper)">Dawn</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=Curricula+to+be+cleansed+of+hatred&rft.date=2010-07-27&rft.aulast=Yusufzai&rft.aufirst=Ashfaq&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.dawn.com%2Farchives%2F136078&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vali_Nasr-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Vali_Nasr_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Seyyed Vali Reza Nasr, The Vanguard of the Islamic Revolution: The Jama`at-i Islami of Pakistan (University of California Press, 1994) p121-122</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.dawn.com/archives/30854">Curriculum of hatred</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dawn_(newspaper)" title="Dawn (newspaper)">Dawn (newspaper)</a>, 20 May 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gandhara-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gandhara_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gandhara.rferl.org/a/pakistan-the-fight-to-find-the-disappeared-in-restive-balochistan/29648415.html">"The Fight To Find The Disappeared In Restive Balochistan"</a>. <i>Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</i>. 10 December 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181210201321/https://gandhara.rferl.org/a/pakistan-the-fight-to-find-the-disappeared-in-restive-balochistan/29648415.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=The+Fight+To+Find+The+Disappeared+In+Restive+Balochistan&rft.date=2018-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgandhara.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fpakistan-the-fight-to-find-the-disappeared-in-restive-balochistan%2F29648415.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2011/07/13/pakistan-upsurge-killings-balochistan">"Pakistan: Upsurge in Killings in Balochistan"</a>. <i>Human Rights Watch</i>. 2011-07-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2 July 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/humanrightsindev1994unse/page/291"><i>Human Rights in Developing Countries - Yearbook 1994</i></a>. Springer. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/humanrightsindev1994unse/page/291">291–305</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789065448453" title="Special:BookSources/9789065448453"><bdi>9789065448453</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+Rights+in+Developing+Countries+-+Yearbook+1994&rft.pages=291-305&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1994-07-02&rft.isbn=9789065448453&rft.aulast=Baehr&rft.aufirst=Peter+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhumanrightsindev1994unse%2Fpage%2F291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dawn.com/2012/09/06/un-experts-on-missing-persons-to-visit-pakistan-from-sept-10/">"UN experts on missing persons to visit Pakistan from Sept 10"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(newspaper)" title="Dawn (newspaper)">Dawn</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=UN+experts+on+missing+persons+to+visit+Pakistan+from+Sept+10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdawn.com%2F2012%2F09%2F06%2Fun-experts-on-missing-persons-to-visit-pakistan-from-sept-10%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rhs2-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rhs2_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.humanrights.asia/news/ahrc-news/AHRC-STM-264-2012">"PAKISTAN: The intelligence agencies target nationalists groups to cover up the activities of Taliban in Sindh province and their inefficiency"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Asian_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Asian Human Rights Commission">Asian Human Rights Commission</a></i>. 12 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Human+Rights+Commission&rft.atitle=PAKISTAN%3A+The+intelligence+agencies+target+nationalists+groups+to+cover+up+the+activities+of+Taliban+in+Sindh+province+and+their+inefficiency&rft.date=2012-12-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.humanrights.asia%2Fnews%2Fahrc-news%2FAHRC-STM-264-2012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rhs1-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rhs1_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.humanrights.asia/news/urgent-appeals/AHRC-UAC-203-2011">"Sindh University authorities use law enforcement agencies for disappearances of students"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Asian_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Asian Human Rights Commission">Asian Human Rights Commission</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.startribune.com/pashtun-rights-group-accuses-pakistan-army-of-abuses/481137261/">the original</a> on 17 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Star+Tribune&rft.atitle=Pashtun+rights+group+accuses+Pakistan+army+of+abuses&rft.date=2018-04-28&rft.aulast=Gannon&rft.aufirst=Kathy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.startribune.com%2Fpashtun-rights-group-accuses-pakistan-army-of-abuses%2F481137261%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pash3-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pash3_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2018" class="citation news cs1">Khan, Omer Farooq (5 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/10-pashtun-protesters-massacred-by-pro-govt-terrorists-in-pakistan/articleshow/64452074.cms">"10 Pashtun protesters killed in Pakistan, activists blame military - Times of India"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=10+Pashtun+protesters+killed+in+Pakistan%2C+activists+blame+military+-+Times+of+India&rft.date=2018-06-05&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Omer+Farooq&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fworld%2Fpakistan%2F10-pashtun-protesters-massacred-by-pro-govt-terrorists-in-pakistan%2Farticleshow%2F64452074.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkbar2018" class="citation news cs1">Akbar, Malik Siraj (2018-07-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/19/opinion/pakistan-elections-balochistan-islamic-state.html">"Opinion | In Balochistan, Dying Hopes for Peace"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Opinion+%7C+In+Balochistan%2C+Dying+Hopes+for+Peace&rft.date=2018-07-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Akbar&rft.aufirst=Malik+Siraj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F07%2F19%2Fopinion%2Fpakistan-elections-balochistan-islamic-state.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazzettiSchmittSavage2011" class="citation web cs1">Mazzetti, Mark; Schmitt, Eric; Savage, Charlie (23 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/24/world/asia/24isi.html">"Pakistan Spies on Its Diaspora, Spreading Fear"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2019</span>. <q>Several Pakistani journalists and scholars in the United States interviewed over the past week said that they were approached regularly by Pakistani officials, some of whom openly identified themselves as ISI officials. The journalists and scholars said the officials caution them against speaking out on politically delicate subjects like the indigenous insurgency in Baluchistan or accusations of human rights abuses by Pakistani soldiers. The verbal pressure is often accompanied by veiled warnings about the welfare of family members in Pakistan, they said.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Pakistan+Spies+on+Its+Diaspora%2C+Spreading+Fear&rft.date=2011-07-23&rft.aulast=Mazzetti&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Schmitt%2C+Eric&rft.au=Savage%2C+Charlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F07%2F24%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F24isi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-22-2-14-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc-22-2-14_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRashid2014" class="citation news cs1">Rashid, Ahmed (22 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-26272897">"Balochistan: The untold story of Pakistan's other war"</a>. BBC News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Balochistan%3A+The+untold+story+of+Pakistan%27s+other+war&rft.date=2014-02-22&rft.aulast=Rashid&rft.aufirst=Ahmed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-26272897&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tarabella-24-6-15-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tarabella-24-6-15_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTarabella2015" class="citation news cs1">Tarabella, Marc (23 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theparliamentmagazine.eu/articles/opinion/eu-cannot-ignore-dire-human-rights-situation-balochistan">"EU cannot ignore dire human rights situation in Balochistan"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=EU+cannot+ignore+dire+human+rights+situation+in+Balochistan&rft.date=2015-06-23&rft.aulast=Tarabella&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theparliamentmagazine.eu%2Farticles%2Fopinion%2Feu-cannot-ignore-dire-human-rights-situation-balochistan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dwivedi-103-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dwivedi-103_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDwivedi2009" class="citation book cs1">Dwivedi, Manan (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UCeQWz3y570C&q=Dwivedi,+Manan+%282009%29.+South+Asia+security"><i>South Asia Security</i></a>. Delhi: Gyan Publishing House. pp. 103–4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-7835-759-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-7835-759-1"><bdi>978-81-7835-759-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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They only won't share the evidence with you because they insist that when evidence is already too evident then why should one make the evident, evident?</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Betrayal+in+Balochistan&rft.date=2015-05-17&rft.aulast=Akbar&rft.aufirst=Malik+Siraj&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fmalik-siraj-akbar%2Fbetrayal-in-balochistan_b_7302984.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRW-We-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HRW-We_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/report/2011/07/28/we-can-torture-kill-or-keep-you-years/enforced-disappearances-pakistan-security">"We Can Torture, Kill, or Keep You for Years"</a>. <i>Human Rights Watch</i>. 28 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=We+Can+Torture%2C+Kill%2C+or+Keep+You+for+Years&rft.date=2011-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freport%2F2011%2F07%2F28%2Fwe-can-torture-kill-or-keep-you-years%2Fenforced-disappearances-pakistan-security&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IW-Musharraf-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IW-Musharraf_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IW-Musharraf_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShayne_R._Burnham2008" class="citation web cs1">Shayne R. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All+Members+%7C+International+Court+of+Justice&rft.date=2016-02-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icj-cij.org%2Fcourt%2Findex.php%3Fp1%3D1%26p2%3D2%26p3%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/february/manto.htm">"Remembering Our Warriors"</a>. <i>www.defencejournal.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-11-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.defencejournal.com&rft.atitle=Remembering+Our+Warriors&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defencejournal.com%2F2002%2Ffebruary%2Fmanto.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHussain1982" class="citation book cs1">Hussain, Syed Shabbir (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aa8jAAAAMAAJ&q=air+chief"><i>History of the Pakistan Air Force, 1947-1982</i></a>. PAF Press Masroor. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-648045-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-648045-9"><bdi>978-0-19-648045-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Pakistan+Air+Force%2C+1947-1982&rft.pub=PAF+Press+Masroor&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-19-648045-9&rft.aulast=Hussain&rft.aufirst=Syed+Shabbir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Daa8jAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dair%2Bchief&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KrhTAAAAMAAJ&q=zafar+chaudhry+Pakistan+International+Airlines+1970"><i>World Airline Record</i></a>. R. R. Roadcap. 1972.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Airline+Record&rft.pub=R.+R.+Roadcap.&rft.date=1972&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKrhTAAAAMAAJ%26q%3Dzafar%2Bchaudhry%2BPakistan%2BInternational%2BAirlines%2B1970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/2012/08/09/the-worlds-muslims-unity-and-diversity-1-religious-affiliation/#identity">Chapter 1: Religious Affiliation</a> retrieved 4 September 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dawn.com-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dawn.com_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/news/761507/timeline-persecution-of-religious-minorities">"Timeline: Persecution of religious minorities"</a>. 4 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Timeline%3A+Persecution+of+religious+minorities&rft.date=2012-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F761507%2Ftimeline-persecution-of-religious-minorities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hrwreport2014-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hrwreport2014_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hrwreport2014_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/wr2014_web_0.pdf"><i>World Report 2014</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Human Rights Watch. 2011. pp. 366–372.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Report+2014&rft.pages=366-372&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fwr2014_web_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImtiazWalsh2014" class="citation news cs1">Imtiaz, Saba; Walsh, Declan (15 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/16/world/asia/militants-in-pakistan-make-inroads-in-the-diverse-and-tolerant-south.html?nytmobile=0">"Extremists Make Inroads in Pakistan's Diverse South - NYTimes.com"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Extremists+Make+Inroads+in+Pakistan%27s+Diverse+South+-+NYTimes.com&rft.date=2014-07-15&rft.aulast=Imtiaz&rft.aufirst=Saba&rft.au=Walsh%2C+Declan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F07%2F16%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fmilitants-in-pakistan-make-inroads-in-the-diverse-and-tolerant-south.html%3Fnytmobile%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GatesScott-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GatesScott_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGates2016" class="citation book cs1">Gates, Scott, Kaushik Roy (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nMSXCwAAQBAJ&q=%22thousand+cuts%22&pg=PT134"><i>Unconventional Warfare in South Asia: Shadow Warriors and Counterinsurgency</i></a>. Routledge. pp. Chapter 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-00540-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-00540-7"><bdi>978-1-317-00540-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unconventional+Warfare+in+South+Asia%3A+Shadow+Warriors+and+Counterinsurgency&rft.pages=Chapter+4&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-00540-7&rft.aulast=Gates&rft.aufirst=Scott%2C+Kaushik+Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnMSXCwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522thousand%2Bcuts%2522%26pg%3DPT134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSitaraman2012" class="citation cs2">Sitaraman, Srini (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gQl7mPWnHlAC&pg=PA181">"South Asia: Conflict, Hegemony, and Power Balancing"</a>, in Kristen P. Williams; Steven E. Lobell; Neal G. Jesse (eds.), <i>Beyond Great Powers and Hegemons: Why Secondary States Support, Follow, or Challenge</i>, Stanford University Press, p. 181, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-8110-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-8110-7"><bdi>978-0-8047-8110-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=South+Asia%3A+Conflict%2C+Hegemony%2C+and+Power+Balancing&rft.btitle=Beyond+Great+Powers+and+Hegemons%3A+Why+Secondary+States+Support%2C+Follow%2C+or+Challenge&rft.pages=181&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-8110-7&rft.aulast=Sitaraman&rft.aufirst=Srini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgQl7mPWnHlAC%26pg%3DPA181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span>: 'manipulating ethnosectarian conflict and domestic challenges to power across the borders to weaken Indian security through a tactic described by several analysts as "bleed India through a thousand cuts"'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGanguly2016" class="citation book cs1">Ganguly, Sumit (31 March 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z_-lCwAAQBAJ"><i>Deadly Impasse</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-76361-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-76361-5"><bdi>978-0-521-76361-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deadly+Impasse&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016-03-31&rft.isbn=978-0-521-76361-5&rft.aulast=Ganguly&rft.aufirst=Sumit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz_-lCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span>: 'The Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) led attack on Bombay (Mumbai) in November 2008 was emblematic of this new strategy designed to bleed India with a "war of a thousand cuts".'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sirrs2016-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sirrs2016_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSirrs2016" class="citation book cs1">Sirrs, Owen L. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_S-TDAAAQBAJ&q=bhindranwale+ISI&pg=PA167"><i>Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: Covert Action and Internal Operations</i></a>. Routledge. p. 167. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-19609-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-19609-9"><bdi>978-1-317-19609-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pakistan%27s+Inter-Services+Intelligence+Directorate%3A+Covert+Action+and+Internal+Operations&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-317-19609-9&rft.aulast=Sirrs&rft.aufirst=Owen+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_S-TDAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dbhindranwale%2BISI%26pg%3DPA167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPande2011" class="citation book cs1">Pande, Aparna (16 March 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HPWrAgAAQBAJ"><i>Explaining Pakistan's Foreign Policy: Escaping India</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 200, footnote 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-81893-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-136-81893-6"><bdi>978-1-136-81893-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Explaining+Pakistan%27s+Foreign+Policy%3A+Escaping+India&rft.pages=200%2C+footnote+103&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011-03-16&rft.isbn=978-1-136-81893-6&rft.aulast=Pande&rft.aufirst=Aparna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHPWrAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span>: Pande cites, as an example, Col. Javed Hassan, <i>India: A Study in Profile</i>, Quetta: Services Book Club. A Study conducted for the Faculty of Research and Doctrinal Studies, Command and Staff College (1990)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chalk_Fair-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chalk_Fair_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChalkFair2002" class="citation cs2">Chalk, Peter; Fair, C. Christine (December 2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christinefair.net/pubs/CFair_Janes_LET.pdf">"Lashkar-e-Tayyiba leads the Kashmiri insurgency"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Jane's Intelligence Review</i>, <b>14</b> (10)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jane%27s+Intelligence+Review&rft.atitle=Lashkar-e-Tayyiba+leads+the+Kashmiri+insurgency&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=10&rft.date=2002-12&rft.aulast=Chalk&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Fair%2C+C.+Christine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christinefair.net%2Fpubs%2FCFair_Janes_LET.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span>: 'In the words of Hamid Gul, the former director general of the ISI: "We have gained a lot because of our offensive in Kashmir. This is a psychological and political offensive that is designed to make India bleed through a thousand cuts."'</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dogra-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dogra_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dogra_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDogra2015" class="citation book cs1">Dogra, Wg Cdr C Deepak (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3zooCwAAQBAJ&q=pakistan+%22thousand+cuts%22&pg=PT273"><i>Pakistan: Caught in the Whirlwind</i></a>. Lancer Publishers LLC. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-940988-22-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-940988-22-1"><bdi>978-1-940988-22-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3A+Caught+in+the+Whirlwind&rft.pub=Lancer+Publishers+LLC&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-940988-22-1&rft.aulast=Dogra&rft.aufirst=Wg+Cdr+C+Deepak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3zooCwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dpakistan%2B%2522thousand%2Bcuts%2522%26pg%3DPT273&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IndiatimesDoctrine-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IndiatimesDoctrine_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IndiatimesDoctrine_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManinder_Dabas2016" class="citation news cs1">Maninder Dabas (3 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/with-tensions-soaring-high-once-again-here-are-major-war-doctrines-exercised-by-india-pakistan-over-the-years-262273.html">"Here Are Major Long Term War Doctrines Adopted By India And Pakistan Over The Years"</a>. Indiatimes<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Here+Are+Major+Long+Term+War+Doctrines+Adopted+By+India+And+Pakistan+Over+The+Years&rft.date=2016-10-03&rft.au=Maninder+Dabas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatimes.com%2Fnews%2Findia%2Fwith-tensions-soaring-high-once-again-here-are-major-war-doctrines-exercised-by-india-pakistan-over-the-years-262273.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaqqani2010" class="citation book cs1">Haqqani, Husain (10 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nYppZ_dEjdIC"><i>Pakistan: Between Mosque and Military</i></a>. Carnegie Endowment. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87003-285-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87003-285-1"><bdi>978-0-87003-285-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pakistan%3A+Between+Mosque+and+Military&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Carnegie+Endowment&rft.date=2010-03-10&rft.isbn=978-0-87003-285-1&rft.aulast=Haqqani&rft.aufirst=Husain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnYppZ_dEjdIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bhutto.org-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bhutto.org_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200922074728/https://bhutto.org/1957-1965_speech21.php/">"Speech delivered at the UN Security Council on September 22, 1965 on Kashmir Issue"</a>. <i>Bhutto.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bhutto.org/1957-1965_speech21.php">the original</a> on 22 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bhutto.org&rft.atitle=Speech+delivered+at+the+UN+Security+Council+on+September+22%2C+1965+on+Kashmir+Issue&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bhutto.org%2F1957-1965_speech21.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-World_Politics-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-World_Politics_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharma2011" class="citation cs2">Sharma, Reetika (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eOiXLCWUiB4C&pg=PA135"><i>India and the Dynamics of World Politics: A book on Indian Foreign Policy, Related events and International Organizations</i></a>, Pearson Education India, p. 135, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-317-3291-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-317-3291-5"><bdi>978-81-317-3291-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+and+the+Dynamics+of+World+Politics%3A+A+book+on+Indian+Foreign+Policy%2C+Related+events+and+International+Organizations&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=Pearson+Education+India&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-81-317-3291-5&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Reetika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeOiXLCWUiB4C%26pg%3DPA135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dawn_Pakistani_Newspaper-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dawn_Pakistani_Newspaper_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">, that the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">government of Pakistan</a> initially denied that Kasab was a Pakistani citizen, but, in January 2009, it confirmed his citizenship. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.dawn.com/archives/42931">"Ajmal's Nationality Confirmed"</a>. Dawn (Pakistani Newspaper). 8 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ajmal%27s+Nationality+Confirmed&rft.date=2009-01-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.dawn.com%2Farchives%2F42931&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SupremeAppeal-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SupremeAppeal_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130118063713/http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/outtoday/39511.pdf">"CRIMINAL APPEAL NOS.1899–1900 OF 2011"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_India" title="Supreme Court of India">Supreme Court of India</a>. 29 August 2012. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CRIMINAL+APPEAL+NOS.1899%E2%80%931900+OF+2011&rft.pub=Supreme+Court+of+India&rft.date=2012-08-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsupremecourtofindia.nic.in%2Fouttoday%2F39511.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cfrprofile-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cfrprofile_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJayshree_Bajoria2010" class="citation web cs1">Jayshree Bajoria (14 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100605151918/http://www.cfr.org/publication/17882/">"Profile: Lashkar-e-Taiba (Army of the Pure) (a.k.a. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Profile%3A+Lashkar-e-Taiba+%28Army+of+the+Pure%29+%28a.k.a.+Lashkar+e-Tayyiba%2C+Lashkar+e-Toiba%3B+Lashkar-i-Taiba%29&rft.pub=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft.date=2010-01-14&rft.au=Jayshree+Bajoria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Fpublication%2F17882%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160110115355/http://www.nia.gov.in/banned_org.aspx">"Banned Terrorist Organisations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Investigation_Agency" title="National Investigation Agency">National Investigation Agency</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nia.gov.in/banned_org.aspx">the original</a> on 10 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Banned+Terrorist+Organisations&rft.pub=National+Investigation+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nia.gov.in%2Fbanned_org.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031226/world.htm#4">USA redesignates Pakistan-based terror groups</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060906073238/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031226/world.htm#4">Archived</a> 6 September 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Tribune</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/11/schedule/2">Terrorism Act 2000</a> (11, Schedule 2). 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130121085241/http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/11/schedule/2">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Australian National Security. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161025195553/https://www.nationalsecurity.gov.au/Listedterroristorganisations/Pages/default.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 25 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Listed+terrorist+organisations&rft.pub=Australian+National+Security&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalsecurity.gov.au%2FListedterroristorganisations%2FPages%2Fdefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/1267/aq_sanctions_list">"Sanctions List Materials | United Nations Security Council"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190216040651/https://www.un.org/securitycouncil/sanctions/1267/aq_sanctions_list">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sanctions+List+Materials+%26%23124%3B+United+Nations+Security+Council&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fsecuritycouncil%2Fsanctions%2F1267%2Faq_sanctions_list&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACriticism+of+the+Pakistan+Armed+Forces" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArshad,_Muhammad2011" class="citation news cs1">Arshad, Muhammad (7 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151208051335/http://pakobserver.net/detailnews.asp?id=123885">"JUD not included in revised list"</a>. <i>Pakistan Observer</i>. Islamabad. 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Congressional Research Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090304065259/http://www.fas.org/irp/crs/RL32223.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Template:Pakistan Armed Forces"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Template talk:Pakistan Armed Forces"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan Armed Forces"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px&#95;_Pakistan_Armed_Forces" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Armed_Forces_of_Pakistan_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Armed_Forces_of_Pakistan_Flag.svg/20px-Armed_Forces_of_Pakistan_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Armed_Forces_of_Pakistan_Flag.svg/30px-Armed_Forces_of_Pakistan_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Armed_Forces_of_Pakistan_Flag.svg/40px-Armed_Forces_of_Pakistan_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1707" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Pakistan Armed Forces</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Pakistan" title="Military history of Pakistan">Military history of Pakistan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Leadership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Commander-in-Chief <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President of Pakistan</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chief Executive <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister of Pakistan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_committees_of_the_Senate_of_Pakistan" title="List of committees of the Senate of Pakistan">Senate Committee on Defence</a></li> <li>National Assembly Committee on Defence</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Committee_on_National_Security_(Pakistan)" title="Cabinet Committee on National Security (Pakistan)">Cabinet Committee on National Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Pakistan)" title="National Security Council (Pakistan)"> National Security Council</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Defence_(Pakistan)" title="Minister of Defence (Pakistan)">Defence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Secretary_(Pakistan)" title="Defence Secretary (Pakistan)">Secretary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_Production_(Pakistan)" title="Ministry of Defence Production (Pakistan)">Defence Production</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_Committee" title="Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee">Joint Chiefs of Staff</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_Committee" title="Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee">Chairman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Army_Staff_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)">Chief of Army Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Air_Staff_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Air Staff (Pakistan)">Chief of Air Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_Naval_Staff_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)">Chief of Naval Staff</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Navy" title="Pakistan Navy">Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Marines" title="Pakistan Marines">Marines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Pakistan Air Force">Air Force</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Inter-Services" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inter-Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Intelligence" title="Inter-Services Intelligence">Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Public_Relations" title="Inter-Services Public Relations">Public Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter_Services_Selection_Board_(Pakistan)" title="Inter Services Selection Board (Pakistan)">Selection Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Command_Authority_(Pakistan)" title="National Command Authority (Pakistan)">National Command Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces_Nursing_Service" title="Pakistan Armed Forces Nursing Service">Nursing Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces_Band" title="Pakistan Armed Forces Band">Armed Forces Band</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Paramilitary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Armed_Forces" title="Civil Armed Forces">Civil Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(Pakistan)" title="National Guard (Pakistan)">National Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Plans_Division_Force" title="Strategic Plans Division Force">Strategic Plans Division Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Awards_and_decorations_of_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Awards and decorations of the Pakistan Armed Forces">Awards and decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Women in the Pakistan Armed Forces">Women</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ranks_and_insignia" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ranks and insignia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army_ranks_and_insignia" title="Pakistan Army ranks and insignia">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Navy_ranks_and_insignia" title="Pakistan Navy ranks and insignia">Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Marines#Commissioned_officers_and_Enlisted_rank" title="Pakistan Marines">Marines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force_ranks_and_insignia" title="Pakistan Air Force ranks and insignia">Air Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Business interests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defence_industry_of_Pakistan" title="Defence industry of Pakistan">Pakistani Defence Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Housing_Authority" title="Defence Housing Authority">Defence Housing Authority</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Foundations" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foundations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauji_Foundation" title="Fauji Foundation">Fauji (Joint)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_Welfare_Trust" title="Army Welfare Trust">Askari (Army)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahria_Foundation" title="Bahria Foundation">Bahria (Navy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaheen_Foundation" title="Shaheen Foundation">Shaheen (Air Force)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Establishment_(Pakistan)" title="The Establishment (Pakistan)">Establishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gang_of_Four_(Pakistan)" title="Gang of Four (Pakistan)">Gang of Four</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_genocide" title="Bangladesh genocide">Bangladesh genocide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Military_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Military of Pakistan">Categories</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistan_Army" title="Category:Pakistan Army">Army</a> • <a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistan_Air_Force" 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