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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freedom_of_the_press_in_Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Freedom of the press in Pakistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Freedom_of_the_press_in_Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Provincial_inequality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provincial_inequality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Provincial inequality </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Provincial_inequality-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Provincial inequality subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Provincial_inequality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Miscarriage_of_Justice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miscarriage_of_Justice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Miscarriage of Justice </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miscarriage_of_Justice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enforced_disappearances_in_Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enforced_disappearances_in_Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Enforced disappearances in Pakistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enforced_disappearances_in_Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pakistani-administered_Kashmir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pakistani-administered_Kashmir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Pakistani-administered Kashmir </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pakistani-administered_Kashmir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Women's_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Women's_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Women's rights </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Women's_rights-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Women's rights subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Women's_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Violence_against_women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Violence_against_women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Violence against women </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Violence_against_women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_attacks_against_women" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_attacks_against_women"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Notable attacks against women </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_attacks_against_women-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_abuse_of_human_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_abuse_of_human_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Political abuse of human rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_abuse_of_human_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Humanitarian_response_to_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Humanitarian_response_to_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Humanitarian response to conflict </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Humanitarian_response_to_conflict-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Humanitarian response to conflict subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Humanitarian_response_to_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Internally_displaced_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internally_displaced_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Internally displaced people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internally_displaced_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Friends_of_Pakistan"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Friends_of_Pakistan""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 "Friends of Pakistan" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Friends_of_Pakistan"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discrimination_against_ethnic_and_religious_minorities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discrimination_against_ethnic_and_religious_minorities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Discrimination against ethnic and religious minorities </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Discrimination_against_ethnic_and_religious_minorities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Discrimination against ethnic and religious minorities subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Discrimination_against_ethnic_and_religious_minorities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnic_killing_of_Punjabis_in_Balochistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_killing_of_Punjabis_in_Balochistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Ethnic killing of Punjabis in Balochistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_killing_of_Punjabis_in_Balochistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extrajudicial_killings_of_Pashtuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extrajudicial_killings_of_Pashtuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Extrajudicial killings of Pashtuns </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extrajudicial_killings_of_Pashtuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_killing_of_Hazaras" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_killing_of_Hazaras"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Ethnic killing of Hazaras </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_killing_of_Hazaras-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Silencing_of_human_rights_abuses_in_Balochistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Silencing_of_human_rights_abuses_in_Balochistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Silencing of human rights abuses in Balochistan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Silencing_of_human_rights_abuses_in_Balochistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extrajudicial_killings_of_Muhajirs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extrajudicial_killings_of_Muhajirs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Extrajudicial killings of Muhajirs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extrajudicial_killings_of_Muhajirs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_rights_violations_against_Ahmadi_community" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_rights_violations_against_Ahmadi_community"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.6 Human rights violations against Ahmadi community </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_rights_violations_against_Ahmadi_community-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freedom_of_religion_in_Pakistan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freedom_of_religion_in_Pakistan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Freedom of religion in Pakistan </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Freedom_of_religion_in_Pakistan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Freedom of religion in Pakistan subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Freedom_of_religion_in_Pakistan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Blasphemy_laws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blasphemy_laws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Blasphemy laws </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blasphemy_laws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intolerance_against_Hindus_and_other_minorities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intolerance_against_Hindus_and_other_minorities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Intolerance against Hindus and other minorities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intolerance_against_Hindus_and_other_minorities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forced_conversions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forced_conversions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Forced conversions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forced_conversions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9A_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95" title="ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਹੱਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਾਕਿਸਤਾਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਮਨੁੱਖੀ ਹੱਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%88%DA%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82" title="پاکستان وچ انسانی حقوق – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پاکستان وچ انسانی حقوق" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile vcard" style="width:20em;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="adr"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Pakistan" title="Politics of Pakistan">Politics of Pakistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/File:State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/125px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/188px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/250px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="587" /></a></th></tr><tr><th style="border-bottom: #aaa 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_Pakistan" title="Federalism in Pakistan">Federalism</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Federal government</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_provincial_governments_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of provincial governments of Pakistan">Provincial governments</a>: <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Government of Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sindh" title="Government of Sindh">Sindh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">KPK</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Government of Balochistan, Pakistan">Balochistan</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Pakistani_governors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current Pakistani governors">Governors</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sardar_Saleem_Haider_Khan" title="Sardar Saleem Haider Khan"> Sardar Saleem Haider</a>(<a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Governor of Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Kamran_Tessori" title="Kamran Tessori">Kamran Tessori</a>(<a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Sindh" title="Governor of Sindh">Sindh</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_Karim_Kundi" title="Faisal Karim Kundi">Faisal Karim Kundi</a>(<a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Governor of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">KPK</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Jaffar_Khan_Mandokhail" title="Sheikh Jaffar Khan Mandokhail"> Sheikh Jaffar Khan</a>(<a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Governor of Balochistan, Pakistan">Balochistan</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Syed_Mehdi_Shah" title="Syed Mehdi Shah">Syed Mehdi Shah</a>(<a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Governor of Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a>)</li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Minister (Pakistan)">Chief Ministers</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maryam_Nawaz" title="Maryam Nawaz">Maryam Nawaz</a>(<a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Punjab_(Pakistan)" title="Chief Minister of Punjab (Pakistan)">Punjab</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Murad_Ali_Shah" title="Murad Ali Shah">Murad Ali Shah</a>(<a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Sindh" title="Chief Minister of Sindh">Sindh</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Amin_Gandapur" title="Ali Amin Gandapur">Ali Amin Gandapur</a>(<a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Chief Minister of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">KPK</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Sarfraz_Bugti" title="Sarfraz Bugti">Sarfraz Bugti</a>(<a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Balochistan" title="Chief Minister of Balochistan">Balochistan</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Gulbar_Khan" title="Gulbar Khan">Gulbar Khan</a>(<a href="/wiki/Chief_Minister_of_Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Chief Minister of Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a>)</li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_constituencies_of_Pakistan" title="List of constituencies of Pakistan">Provincial assemblies of Pakistan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_the_Punjab" title="Provincial Assembly of the Punjab">Punjab</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_Sindh" title="Provincial Assembly of Sindh">Sindh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">KPK</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_Assembly_of_Balochistan" title="Provincial Assembly of Balochistan">Balochistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan_Assembly" title="Gilgit-Baltistan Assembly">Gilgi-Baltistan</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="Government of Azad Kashmir">Azad Kashmir government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="President of Azad Kashmir">President</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Mehmood_Chaudhry" title="Sultan Mehmood Chaudhry">Sultan Mehmood Chaudhry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="Prime Minister of Azad Kashmir">Prime Minister</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chaudhry_Anwarul_Haq" title="Chaudhry Anwarul Haq">Chaudhry Anwarul Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Azad Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Government of Gilgit-Baltistan">Government of Gilgit-Baltistan</a> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Pakistan" title="Local government in Pakistan">Local government</a> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_Pakistan" title="Divisions of Pakistan">Divisions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Pakistan" title="Districts of Pakistan">Districts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tehsils_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of tehsils in Pakistan">Tehsil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Union_councils_of_Pakistan" title="Union councils of Pakistan">UCs</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Parliament legislature</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Senate (Upper House)</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Senate_of_Pakistan,_2024.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Senate_of_Pakistan%2C_2024.png/130px-Senate_of_Pakistan%2C_2024.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Senate_of_Pakistan%2C_2024.png/195px-Senate_of_Pakistan%2C_2024.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Senate_of_Pakistan%2C_2024.png/260px-Senate_of_Pakistan%2C_2024.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1316" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan">Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Yousaf_Raza_Gillani" class="mw-redirect" title="Yousaf Raza Gillani">Yousaf Raza Gillani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Chairman_of_the_Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Deputy Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan">Deputy Chairman</a>: <a href="/wiki/Syedaal_Khan_Nasar" title="Syedaal Khan Nasar">Syedaal Khan Nasar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML(N)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Federation_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the House of Federation (Pakistan)">Leader of the House</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ishaq_Dar" title="Ishaq Dar">Ishaq Dar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML(N)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition" title="Leader of the Opposition">Opposition leader</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shibli_Faraz" title="Shibli Faraz">Shibli Faraz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Tehreek-e-Insaf" title="Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf">PTI</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Assembly (Pakistan)">National Assembly (Lower House)</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Assembly_of_Pakistan,_after_SIC_reserve_seats_case_(2024).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan%2C_after_SIC_reserve_seats_case_%282024%29.svg/130px-National_Assembly_of_Pakistan%2C_after_SIC_reserve_seats_case_%282024%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan%2C_after_SIC_reserve_seats_case_%282024%29.svg/195px-National_Assembly_of_Pakistan%2C_after_SIC_reserve_seats_case_%282024%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan%2C_after_SIC_reserve_seats_case_%282024%29.svg/260px-National_Assembly_of_Pakistan%2C_after_SIC_reserve_seats_case_%282024%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1316" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Leader of the House</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shehbaz_Sharif" title="Shehbaz Sharif">Shehbaz Sharif</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML(N)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan">Speaker</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ayaz_Sadiq" title="Ayaz Sadiq">Ayaz Sadiq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML(N)</a>)</li> <li>Deputy speaker: <a href="/wiki/Syed_Ghulam_Mustafa_Shah_(Pakistani_politician)" title="Syed Ghulam Mustafa Shah (Pakistani politician)">Syed Ghulam Mustafa Shah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_People%27s_Party" title="Pakistan People's Party">PPP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Pakistan)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Pakistan)">Leader of the Opposition</a>: <a href="/wiki/Omar_Ayub_Khan" title="Omar Ayub Khan">Omar Ayub Khan</a></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Previous constitutions:<a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan_of_1956" title="Constitution of Pakistan of 1956">1956</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan_of_1962" title="Constitution of Pakistan of 1962">1962</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">1973</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annex_to_the_Constitution_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Annex to the Constitution of Pakistan">Annex</a> (written 1949, incorporated 1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Amendments to the Constitution of Pakistan">Amendments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Pakistan" title="Law of Pakistan">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Penal_Code" title="Pakistan Penal Code">Pakistan Penal Code</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Human rights</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President of Pakistan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari" title="Asif Ali Zardari">Asif Ali Zardari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_People%27s_Party" title="Pakistan People's Party">PPP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Pakistan" title="List of presidents of Pakistan">List of presidents of Pakistan</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister of Pakistan</a>: <a href="/wiki/Shahbaz_Sharif" class="mw-redirect" title="Shahbaz Sharif">Shahbaz Sharif</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">PML-N</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Pakistan" title="List of prime ministers of Pakistan">List of prime ministers of Pakistan</a></li></ul> <hr /> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Pakistan" title="Cabinet of Pakistan">Cabinet of Pakistan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Secretary_(Pakistan)" title="Cabinet Secretary (Pakistan)">Cabinet Secretary</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Pakistan" title="Judiciary of Pakistan">Judiciary</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Court of Pakistan">Supreme Court of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Pakistan" title="Chief Justice of Pakistan">Chief Justice</a>: <a href="/wiki/Qazi_Faez_Isa" title="Qazi Faez Isa">Qazi Faez Isa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_Pakistan" title="List of justices of the Supreme Court of Pakistan">List of justices</a></li> <li>Judges appointment body: <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Judicial_Council_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Judicial Council of Pakistan">Supreme Judicial Council</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_courts_of_Pakistan" title="High courts of Pakistan">High courts</a>: <a href="/wiki/Islamabad_High_Court" title="Islamabad High Court">Islamabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lahore_High_Court" title="Lahore High Court">Punjab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sindh_High_Court" title="Sindh High Court">Sindh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peshawar_High_Court" title="Peshawar High Court">KPK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balochistan_High_Court" title="Balochistan High Court">Balochistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Shariat_Court" title="Federal Shariat Court">Shariat Court</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Territorial courts: <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Supreme Court of Azad Jammu and Kashmir">AJK supreme court</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="High Court of Azad Jammu and Kashmir">AJK High court</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Appellate_Court_Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Supreme Appellate Court Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan supreme court</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan_Chief_Court" title="Gilgit-Baltistan Chief Court">Gilgit-Baltistan High Court</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>Special courts: <a href="/wiki/Anti_Terrorism_Court_of_Pakistan" title="Anti Terrorism Court of Pakistan">Anti Terrorism Courts</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Accountability_Bureau" title="National Accountability Bureau">Accountability Courts</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/District_courts_of_Pakistan" title="District courts of Pakistan">District Courts</a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Pakistan" title="Elections in Pakistan">Elections</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_Pakistan" title="Election Commission of Pakistan">Election Commission of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Election_Commissioner_of_Pakistan" title="Chief Election Commissioner of Pakistan">Chief Election Commissioner</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sikandar_Sultan_Raja" title="Sikandar Sultan Raja">Sikandar Sultan Raja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_College_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Electoral College of Pakistan">Electoral College</a></li></ul> <hr /> Territorial election commission <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Jammu_%26_Kashmir_Election_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Azad Jammu & Kashmir Election Commission">AJK Election Commission</a></li> <li>Chief Election Commissioner of AJK: Abdul Rashid Sulehria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Election Commission Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan Election Commission</a></li> <li>Chief Election Commissioner of Gilgit-Baltistan: Raja Shah Baz Khan</li></ul> <hr /> Elections <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Presidential: <a href="/wiki/2008_Pakistani_presidential_election" title="2008 Pakistani presidential election">2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2013_Pakistani_presidential_election" title="2013 Pakistani presidential election">2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Pakistani_presidential_election" title="2018 Pakistani presidential election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Pakistani_presidential_election" title="2024 Pakistani presidential election">2024</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>General: <a href="/wiki/1970_Pakistani_general_election" title="1970 Pakistani general election">1970</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1977_Pakistani_general_election" title="1977 Pakistani general election">1977</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1985_Pakistani_general_election" title="1985 Pakistani general election">1985</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1988_Pakistani_general_election" title="1988 Pakistani general election">1988</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Pakistani_general_election" title="1990 Pakistani general election">1990</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1993_Pakistani_general_election" title="1993 Pakistani general election">1993</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1997_Pakistani_general_election" title="1997 Pakistani general election">1997</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2002_Pakistani_general_election" title="2002 Pakistani general election">2002</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Pakistani_general_election" title="2008 Pakistani general election">2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2013_Pakistani_general_election" title="2013 Pakistani general election">2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Pakistani_general_election" title="2018 Pakistani general election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Pakistani_general_election" title="2024 Pakistani general election">2024</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <hr /> Provincial elections <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Punjab: <a href="/wiki/2002_Punjab_provincial_election" title="2002 Punjab provincial election">2002</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Punjab_provincial_election" title="2008 Punjab provincial election">2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2013_Punjab_provincial_election" title="2013 Punjab provincial election">2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Punjab_provincial_election" title="2018 Punjab provincial election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Punjab_provincial_election" title="2024 Punjab provincial election">2024</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Sindh: <a href="/wiki/2002_Sindh_provincial_election" title="2002 Sindh provincial election">2002</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Sindh_provincial_election" title="2008 Sindh provincial election">2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2013_Sindh_provincial_election" title="2013 Sindh provincial election">2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Sindh_provincial_election" title="2018 Sindh provincial election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Sindh_provincial_election" title="2024 Sindh provincial election">2024</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>KPK: <a href="/wiki/2002_North-West_Frontier_Province_provincial_election" title="2002 North-West Frontier Province provincial election">2002</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2008_North-West_Frontier_Province_provincial_election" title="2008 North-West Frontier Province provincial election">2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2013_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa_provincial_election" title="2013 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provincial election">2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa_provincial_election" title="2018 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provincial election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa_provincial_election" title="2024 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provincial election">2024</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Balochistan: <a href="/wiki/2013_Balochistan_provincial_election" title="2013 Balochistan provincial election">2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Balochistan_provincial_election" title="2018 Balochistan provincial election">2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2024_Balochistan_provincial_election" title="2024 Balochistan provincial election">2024</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <hr /> Territorial elections <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Azad Kashmir: <a href="/wiki/1970_Azad_Kashmiri_general_election" title="1970 Azad Kashmiri general election">1970</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1975_Azad_Kashmiri_general_election" title="1975 Azad Kashmiri general election">1975</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1985_Azad_Kashmiri_general_election" title="1985 Azad Kashmiri general election">1985</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1990_Azad_Kashmiri_general_election" title="1990 Azad Kashmiri general election">1990</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1991_Azad_Kashmiri_general_election" title="1991 Azad Kashmiri general election">1991</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Azad_Kashmiri_general_election" title="1996 Azad Kashmiri general election">1996</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2001_Azad_Kashmiri_general_election" title="2001 Azad Kashmiri general election">2001</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2006_Azad_Kashmiri_general_election" title="2006 Azad Kashmiri general election">2006</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2011_Azad_Kashmiri_general_election" title="2011 Azad Kashmiri general election">2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2016_Azad_Kashmiri_general_election" title="2016 Azad Kashmiri general election">2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Azad_Kashmiri_general_election" title="2021 Azad Kashmiri general election">2021</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Gilgit-Baltistan: <a href="/wiki/2009_Gilgit-Baltistan_Assembly_election" title="2009 Gilgit-Baltistan Assembly election">2009</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2015_Gilgit-Baltistan_Assembly_election" title="2015 Gilgit-Baltistan Assembly election">2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2020_Gilgit-Baltistan_Assembly_election" title="2020 Gilgit-Baltistan Assembly election">2020</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <hr /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Pakistan" title="List of political parties in Pakistan">Political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Muslim_League_(N)" title="Pakistan Muslim League (N)">Pakistan Muslim League (N)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Tehreek-e-Insaf" title="Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf">Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Peoples_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Peoples Party">Pakistan Peoples Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Pakistan" title="List of political parties in Pakistan">Complete list</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">Administrative units</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;">Capital territory <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamabad_Capital_Territory" title="Islamabad Capital Territory">Islamabad</a></li></ul> Provinces <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Government of Balochistan, Pakistan">Balochistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Government of Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Sindh" title="Government of Sindh">Sindh</a></li></ul> <hr /> Autonomous region <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Azad Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:rgb(220,245,220);padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Pakistan" title="Foreign relations of Pakistan">Foreign relations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content" style="padding-top:0;text-align:left;">Diplomacy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Pakistan)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs</a> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Pakistan)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a></dd></dl></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Pakistan" title="List of diplomatic missions of Pakistan">Diplomatic missions of</a> / <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Pakistan" title="List of diplomatic missions in Pakistan">in Pakistan</a></li></ul> <hr /> Customs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_passport" title="Pakistani passport">Passport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Pakistani_citizens" title="Visa requirements for Pakistani citizens">Visa requirements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Pakistan" title="Visa policy of Pakistan">Visa policy</a></li></ul> <hr /> Regional topics <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="India–Pakistan relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_-_Pakistan_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="China - Pakistan relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_United_States_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan United States relations">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/48px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/64px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Pakistan" title="Portal:Pakistan">Pakistan portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Pakistan" title="Template:Politics of Pakistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Pakistan" title="Template talk:Politics of Pakistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Pakistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Pakistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The situation of human rights in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">پاکستان میں انسانی حقوق) is complex as a result of the country's diversity, large population, its status as a <a href="/wiki/Developing_country" title="Developing country">developing country</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereign</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_democracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic democracy">Islamic democracy</a> with a mixture of both <a href="/wiki/Islamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secular_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular law">secular law</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a> provides for fundamental rights. The clauses also provide for an independent <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Court of Pakistan">Supreme Court</a>, <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">separation</a> of the executive and judiciary, an <a href="/wiki/Judicial_independence" title="Judicial independence">independent judiciary</a>, independent <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Human_Rights_(Pakistan)" title="Ministry of Human Rights (Pakistan)">Human Rights commission</a> and freedom of movement within the country and abroad. However these clauses are not always respected in practice. Although Pakistan was created to uphold the principles of democracy, <a href="/wiki/Military_coups_in_Pakistan" title="Military coups in Pakistan">military coups in Pakistan</a> have been commonplace, and for most of its history after independence the country has been ruled by military dictators who declare themselves president. The <a href="/wiki/2013_Pakistani_general_election" title="2013 Pakistani general election">2013 Pakistani general election</a> were the first elections in the country where there was a constitutional transfer of power from one civilian government to another.<a href="#cite_note-hrwreport2014-1">[1]</a> <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Pakistan" title="Elections in Pakistan">Elections in Pakistan</a> have been prone to irregularities including <a href="/wiki/Vote_rigging" class="mw-redirect" title="Vote rigging">vote rigging</a>, use of threats and <a href="/wiki/Coercion" title="Coercion">coercion</a>, and discrimination between Muslims and non-Muslims.<a href="#cite_note-hrwreport2014-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Additionally the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Government of Pakistan</a> has itself admitted on several occasions that it has absolutely no control over the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Pakistan">military of Pakistan</a> and related security agencies.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-foreignaffairs.com-5">[5]</a> In 2022, Freedom House rated Pakistan’s human rights at 37 out of 100 (partly free).<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Violence against women is an important social issue in Pakistan. An estimated 5,000 women are killed per year as a result of domestic violence, with many maimed or disabled.<a href="#cite_note-Hansar2-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-8">[8]</a> In 2016 the provincial parliaments of Punjab and Sindh, which together comprise 65% of the country's population, independently condemned violence against women and took steps toward reducing its prevalence.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Opposition to this type of legislation remains.<a href="#cite_note-Hansar2-7">[7]</a> According to the 2016 Global Slavery Index, an estimated 2,134,900 people are enslaved in modern-day Pakistan, or 1.13% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious discrimination</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">religious violence</a>, and lack of <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">religious freedom</a> continue to remain serious issues in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>,<a href="#cite_note-:1-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> and they have often been condoned by politicians such as <a href="/wiki/Khawaja_Nazimuddin" title="Khawaja Nazimuddin">Khawaja Nazimuddin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Prime Ministers of Pakistan">2nd</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister of Pakistan</a>, who stated: "I do not agree that religion is a private affair of the individual nor do I agree that in an Islamic state every citizen has identical rights, no matter what his caste, creed or faith be".<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> This stands in contrast to the position of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a>, the founder of Pakistan, who stated in an address to the constituent assembly of Pakistan, "You will find that in course of time Hindus will cease to be Hindus and Muslims will cease to be Muslims, not in the religious sense, because that is the personal faith of each individual, but in the political sense as the citizens of the State."<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_Freedom_in_Pakistan">Political Freedom in Pakistan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political Freedom in Pakistan">edit</a>]</div> Although Pakistan was created to uphold the principles of democracy, its history has been rife with <a href="/wiki/Military_coups_in_Pakistan" title="Military coups in Pakistan">military coups</a>, and for most of its history after independence, it has been ruled by military dictators who have declared themselves president. The <a href="/wiki/2013_Pakistani_general_election" title="2013 Pakistani general election">2013 Pakistani general election</a> was the first election in the country after which there was a constitutional transfer of power from one civilian government to another.<a href="#cite_note-hrwreport2014-1">[1]</a> The elections were marred by terrorist attacks that killed hundreds and wounded more than 500 and widespread rigging of polls, the highest in the country's recorded history.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Religious minorities were prevented from voting for Muslim candidates after <a href="/wiki/Zia-ul-Haq%27s_Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization">Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization</a> and non-Muslims are restricted in the posts they may contest for, with several of the higher posts being unavailable to them. Although some of these laws were later repealed, religious minorities still continue to face several restrictions in politics.<a href="#cite_note-berkley-18">[18]</a> Although slow but steady progress has been made towards return to democracy in the last decade, many Pakistanis and foreign observers see the military still firmly entrenched in politics with the government playing second fiddle to the military. The government is widely seen as having no control over the armed forces and the <a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Intelligence" title="Inter-Services Intelligence">Inter-Services Intelligence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Most of Pakistan's laws are <a href="/wiki/Secular" class="mw-redirect" title="Secular">secular</a> in nature, some of which were inherited from the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>'s <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">colonial rule</a> of modern-day Pakistan before 1947. However, in practice, <a href="/wiki/Sharia_Law" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharia Law">Sharia Law</a> takes precedence over Pakistani law. The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a> provides for fundamental rights which include <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_thought" title="Freedom of thought">freedom of thought</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_information" title="Freedom of information">freedom of information</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">freedom of religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_association" title="Freedom of association">freedom of association</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">freedom of the press</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_assembly" title="Freedom of assembly">freedom of assembly</a> and the (conditional) <a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms" title="Right to keep and bear arms">right to bear arms</a>. It has been changed several times in its short history, with <a href="/wiki/Zia-ul-Haq%27s_Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization">Islamization</a> being the driving factor. Although the government has enacted a few measures to counter any problems, abuses remain. Furthermore, <a href="/wiki/Court_system_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Court system of Pakistan">courts</a> suffer from lack of funds, outside intervention, and deep case backlogs that lead to long trial delays and lengthy pretrial detentions. Many observers inside and outside Pakistan contend that Pakistan's legal code is largely concerned with crime, national security, and domestic tranquility and less with the protection of individual rights. In 2010, <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Policy_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Policy (magazine)">Foreign Policy</a> ranked Pakistan as number ten on its Failed States Index, placing it in the "critical" category with such other failed or failing states as Afghanistan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Somalia.<a href="#cite_note-foreignaffairs.com-5">[5]</a> Pakistan consistently figures near the top of the list of failed states year after year.<a href="#cite_note-foreignpolicy.com-21">[21]</a> In September 2015, The <a href="/wiki/Lahore_High_Court" title="Lahore High Court">Lahore High Court</a> imposed a ban on speeches of <a href="/wiki/Altaf_Hussain_(Pakistani_politician)" title="Altaf Hussain (Pakistani politician)">Altaf Hussain</a>, the founder and chief of <a href="/wiki/Muttahida_Qaumi_Movement_%E2%80%93_Pakistan" title="Muttahida Qaumi Movement – Pakistan">Muttahida Qaumi Movement</a>, a party known for its advocacy of interests of the Muhajir community in Pakistan. The court directed the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Electronic_Media_Regulatory_Authority" title="Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority">Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority</a> and Additional Attorney-General <a href="/wiki/Naseer_Ahmed_Bhutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Naseer Ahmed Bhutta">Naseer Ahmed Bhutta</a> to implement a ban on the broadcast of images and speeches of <a href="/wiki/Muttahida_Qaumi_Movement_%E2%80%93_Pakistan" title="Muttahida Qaumi Movement – Pakistan">Muttahida Qaumi Movement</a> chief <a href="/wiki/Altaf_Hussain_(Pakistani_politician)" title="Altaf Hussain (Pakistani politician)">Altaf Hussain</a> across all electronic and print media till further orders.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Freedom_of_the_press_in_Pakistan">Freedom of the press in Pakistan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Freedom of the press in Pakistan">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press_in_Pakistan" title="Freedom of the press in Pakistan">Freedom of the press in Pakistan</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Media_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Pakistan">Media of Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Pakistan" title="Censorship in Pakistan">Censorship in Pakistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Pakistan" title="Internet censorship in Pakistan">Internet censorship in Pakistan</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">Freedom of the press</a> in Pakistan is legally protected by the <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Pakistan" title="Law of Pakistan">law of Pakistan</a> as stated in its <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">constitutional amendments</a>, but any reports critical of the government policy or critical of the military are censored. Journalists face widespread threats and violence making Pakistan one of the worst countries to be a journalist in, with 61 being killed since September 2001 and at least 6 murdered in 2013 alone.<a href="#cite_note-newspkpress-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-RSF2014-24">[24]</a> TV stations and news papers are routinely shut down for publishing any reports critical of the government or the military.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-jonboone-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a> rated Pakistan as "Not Free" in its report of 2013 and gave it a score of 64 (on a scale of 0–100, with 0 being most free and 100 being least free). The report brought to light widespread intimidation of journalists by various government, military and security agencies with killings allegedly being carried out by the <a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Intelligence" title="Inter-Services Intelligence">Inter-Services Intelligence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-freedomhouse2013-28">[28]</a> <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> has ranked Pakistan number 158 out of 180 countries listed in its Press Freedom Index of 2014.<a href="#cite_note-RSF2014-24">[24]</a> In 2013 veteran journalist <a href="/wiki/Hamid_Mir" title="Hamid Mir">Hamid Mir</a>, a recipient of the <a href="/wiki/Hilal-i-Imtiaz" title="Hilal-i-Imtiaz">Hilal-i-Imtiaz</a>, Pakistan's second-highest civil award, was shot at by unidentified assailants, thrice wounding him with bullets. He alleged that the Inter-Services Intelligence were behind the attack. His TV channel <a href="/wiki/Geo_Tv" class="mw-redirect" title="Geo Tv">Geo Tv</a> was shut down by the government for 15 days for airing reports that the ISI may have carried out the attacks.<a href="#cite_note-jonboone-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Websites such as <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> and many others were in the past blocked by the government for violating <a href="/wiki/Blasphemy" title="Blasphemy">blasphemy</a> laws. Websites that are deemed to criticize the government or the military, websites that expose human rights violations of minorities and websites that are perceived as blasphemous are all regularly blocked.<a href="#cite_note-freedomhouse2013-28">[28]</a> In May 2012, President Asif Ali Zardari signed the National Commission for Human Rights Bill 2012 for the promotion of the protection of human rights in the country.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> However, it remains to be seen if any positive effects will be derived from this. In May 2018, a new constitutional amendment was passed that allowed tribal people to access their rights. The amendment allowed the people in tribal areas to enjoy the same constitutional rights as other Pakistanis. The constitutional amendment ended the <a href="/wiki/Frontier_Crimes_Regulation" title="Frontier Crimes Regulation">Frontier Crimes Regulation</a> (FCR), imposed under British rule in the 1850s. Under the FCR, people in the tribal areas were explicitly denied their right to appeal their detention, the right to legal representation, and their right to present evidence in their defence – sanctioning a wide-ranging series of human rights violations.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> In 2019, a woman journalist was allegedly murdered by her husband - who was also a journalist - because she refused to quit her job. Urool Iqbal had been living alone at the time of her murder and had only recently filed a complaint against her husband with the police. <a href="/wiki/The_Coalition_For_Women_In_Journalism" class="mw-redirect" title="The Coalition For Women In Journalism">The Coalition For Women In Journalism</a> founding director <a href="/wiki/Kiran_Nazish" title="Kiran Nazish">Kiran Nazish</a> said: “This case crystalizes the multi-layered dangers women journalists face in many countries, Pakistan being one of them. After speaking to those who were close to Urooj, it is very clear that her job as a journalist was a problem for her partner, who is accused in the fatal shooting that killed the young journalist."<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Electronic_Media_Regulatory_Authority" title="Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority">Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority</a> (Pemra) has imposed a complete ban on airing Indian content on local television and FM radio channels, in an effort to crackdown on “culturally-damaging” soaps from across the border.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Baloch-36">[36]</a> In 2017, The <a href="/wiki/Lahore_High_Court" title="Lahore High Court">Lahore High Court</a> lifted the ban, claiming that the world had become a global village and asked how long will unreasonable restrictions be imposed.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> This was overturned and the ban was reinstated by the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Court of Pakistan">Supreme Court of Pakistan</a> in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-Baloch-36">[36]</a> In 2019, the Supreme Court of Pakistan endorsed the ban and declined the request of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Electronic_Media_Regulatory_Authority" title="Pakistan Electronic Media Regulatory Authority">Pemra</a> to air ads of global big brands containing Indian content on the ground that they would damage Pakistani culture.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Chairman of Pemra once again threatened cable operators with severe actions against the cable operators airing Indian Channels, a move which was strongly condemned by <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Federal_Union_of_Journalists" title="Pakistan Federal Union of Journalists">The Pakistan Federal Union of Journalists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Provincial_inequality">Provincial inequality</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Provincial inequality">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Miscarriage_of_Justice">Miscarriage of Justice</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Miscarriage of Justice">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Balochistan" title="Insurgency in Balochistan">Insurgency in Balochistan</a></div> Security forces routinely violate human rights in the course of counter-terrorism operations in <a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a> and elsewhere. Suspects are frequently detained without charge and or convicted without a fair trial. Thousands of people rounded up as suspected terrorists continue to languish in illegal military detention without being produced in court or prosecuted. The army continues to deny independent monitors, lawyers, relatives, or humanitarian agencies access to the prisoners.<a href="#cite_note-hrwreport2014-1">[1]</a> The 1997 Anti-Terrorism Act, which established <a href="/wiki/Anti_Terrorism_Court_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti Terrorism Court (Pakistan)">Anti Terrorism Court</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anti-terrorism_legislation#Pakistan" title="Anti-terrorism legislation">subsequent anti-terrorist legislation</a>, has arisen concerns about the protection of <a href="/wiki/Fundamental_rights" title="Fundamental rights">fundamental rights</a>. <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> groups have persecuted non-Muslims and used some laws as the legal basis for doing so. The Blasphemy law, for example, allows life imprisonment or the <a href="/wiki/Death_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Death penalty">death penalty</a> for contravening Islamic principles, but the legislation was passed in October 2004 to attempt to counter misuse of the law. Provisions of the Islamic <a href="/wiki/Qisas" title="Qisas">Qisas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diyat" class="mw-redirect" title="Diyat">Diyat</a> laws allow the murder victim's nearest relative or Wali (ولي) (legal guardian) to, if the court approves, take the life of the killer or to agree to financial compensation paid to the heirs of the victim.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enforced_disappearances_in_Pakistan">Enforced disappearances in Pakistan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Enforced disappearances in Pakistan">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Enforced_disappearances_in_Pakistan" title="Enforced disappearances in Pakistan">Enforced disappearances in Pakistan</a></div> Pakistan's military intelligence agency, <a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Intelligence" title="Inter-Services Intelligence">Inter-Services Intelligence</a> (ISI), and law enforcement have been accused of arresting and kidnapping political leaders who have demanded more autonomy or freedom from Pakistan. They have also been accused of arresting student activists and teachers protesting the exploitation of the Pakistani government. Many human-rights activists in Pakistan have protested against forced disappearances and kidnappings.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Pakistan's former military ruler and President <a href="/wiki/Pervez_Musharraf" title="Pervez Musharraf">Gen. Pervez Musharraf</a> explained in his 2006 autobiography, In the Line of Fire: “We have captured 689 and handed over 369 to the United States. We have earned bounties totaling millions of dollars. Those who habitually accuse the U.S. of not doing enough in the war on terror should simply ask the CIA how much prize money it has paid to the Government of Pakistan.”<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Multiple forced disappearances have been reported in <a href="/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Balochistan, Pakistan">Balochistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-thenationalnews.com-43">[43]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Voice_for_Baloch_Missing_Persons" title="Voice for Baloch Missing Persons">Voice for Baloch Missing Persons</a> (VBMP) around 528 Baloch have gone missing from 2001 to 2017.<a href="#cite_note-thenationalnews.com-43">[43]</a> In 16 cases documented by Human Rights Watch, the abductions were carried out by, in the presence of, or with the assistance of uniformed personnel of the Frontier Corps (FC), an Interior Ministry paramilitary force. In a number of cases, police assisted by being present at the scene or securing an area while plainclothes intelligence officers abducted individuals who later “disappeared.”<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pakistani-administered_Kashmir">Pakistani-administered Kashmir</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pakistani-administered Kashmir">edit</a>]</div> Pakistani-administered Kashmir, including Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) and Gilgit-Baltistan are recognized by the Government of Pakistan as nominally self-governing entities, though they are de facto provinces of Pakistan that lack political representation in the National Assembly and other constitutional rights that the provinces are entitled to. With the long-term goal of the eventual accession of AJK and Gilgit-Baltistan into Pakistan proper, the Pakistani government has routinely restricted free expression, freedom of the press and free assembly in the region. In 2021, Freedom House gave Pakistani Kashmir a score of 29/100 for the strength of their political rights and civil liberties along with a rating of "Not Free."<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> In October 2019, the People National Alliance organised a rally to free Kashmir from Pakistani rule. As a result of the police trying to stop the rally, 100 people were injured.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Women's_rights">Women's rights</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Women's rights">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Pakistan" title="Women in Pakistan">Women in Pakistan</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Women_in_Pakistan_wait_to_vote_(8735821208).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Women_in_Pakistan_wait_to_vote_%288735821208%29.jpg/300px-Women_in_Pakistan_wait_to_vote_%288735821208%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Women_in_Pakistan_wait_to_vote_%288735821208%29.jpg/450px-Women_in_Pakistan_wait_to_vote_%288735821208%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Women_in_Pakistan_wait_to_vote_%288735821208%29.jpg/600px-Women_in_Pakistan_wait_to_vote_%288735821208%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3080" /></a><figcaption>Women in <a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi" title="Rawalpindi">Rawalpindi</a> queuing to vote in Pakistan's 2013 elections.</figcaption></figure> The social status of women in Pakistan is one of systemic <a href="/wiki/Gender_subordination" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender subordination">gender subordination</a> even though it varies considerably across classes, regions, and the rural/urban divide due to uneven socioeconomic development and the impact of tribal, feudal, and capitalist social formations on women's lives. The Pakistani women of today do, however, enjoy a better status than in the past.<a href="#cite_note-adb_wom_pak-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-whistory-48">[48]</a> Pakistan has a dual system of civil and <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">sharia</a> law. The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution of Pakistan</a> recognizes equality between men and women (Art. 25(2) states "There shall be no discrimination on the basis of sex") but also recognizes as valid <a href="/wiki/Sharia_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharia law">Sharia law</a> (Chapter 3A. – <a href="/wiki/Federal_Shariat_Court" title="Federal Shariat Court">Federal Shariat Court</a>).<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Violence_against_women">Violence against women</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Violence against women">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence_in_Pakistan" title="Domestic violence in Pakistan">Domestic violence in Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rape_in_Pakistan" title="Rape in Pakistan">Rape in Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honour_killing_in_Pakistan" title="Honour killing in Pakistan">Honour killing in Pakistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women_in_Pakistan_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Violence against women in Pakistan law">Violence against women in Pakistan law</a></div> Domestic violence in Pakistan is an endemic social problem. According to a study carried out in 2009 by <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, it is estimated that between 70 and 90 percent of women and girls in Pakistan have suffered some form of abuse.<a href="#cite_note-Gosselin-50">[50]</a> An estimated 5,000 women are killed per year from domestic violence, with thousands of others maimed or disabled.<a href="#cite_note-Hansar2-7">[7]</a> The majority of victims of violence have no legal recourse. <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Pakistan" title="Law enforcement in Pakistan">Law enforcement authorities</a> do not view domestic violence as a <a href="/wiki/Crime" title="Crime">crime</a> and usually refuse to register any cases brought to them. Given the very few <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_shelter" title="Women's shelter">women's shelters</a> in the country, victims have limited ability to escape from violent situations.<a href="#cite_note-Hansar2-7">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> said in its report released in 2014 that "Violence against women and girls – including <a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">rape</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honour_killings" class="mw-redirect" title="Honour killings">honour killings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acid_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="Acid attacks">acid attacks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">domestic violence</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Forced_marriage" title="Forced marriage">forced marriage</a> all remain serious problems in Pakistan. Despite high levels of domestic violence, the parliament has failed to enact laws to prevent it and protect women."<a href="#cite_note-hrwreport2014-1">[1]</a> In 2002, women's rights activists Saba and <a href="/wiki/Gulalai_Ismail" title="Gulalai Ismail">Gulalai Ismail</a> founded <a href="/wiki/Aware_Girls" title="Aware Girls">Aware Girls</a>, a grassroots women's rights initiative to empower women and girls against domestic and terrorist violence based in <a href="/wiki/Peshawar" title="Peshawar">Peshawar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-guar2018-51">[51]</a> More recently Saba Ismail has represented women's rights at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Rape in Pakistan came to international attention after the politically sanctioned rape of <a href="/wiki/Mukhtaran_Bibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukhtaran Bibi">Mukhtaran Bibi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Laird-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-Khan-54">[54]</a> The group <a href="/wiki/War_Against_Rape" title="War Against Rape">War Against Rape</a> (WAR) has documented the severity of rape in Pakistan, and the police indifference to it.<a href="#cite_note-Karim-55">[55]</a> According to Women's Studies professor Shahla Haeri, rape in Pakistan is "often institutionalized and has the tacit and at times the explicit approval of the state".<a href="#cite_note-Haeri-56">[56]</a> According to a study carried out by <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> there is a rape once every two hours<a href="#cite_note-Gosselin-50">[50]</a> and a gang rape every hour.<a href="#cite_note-Foerstel-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> According to lawyer Asma Jahangir, who is a co-founder of the women's rights group <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Action_Forum" title="Women's Action Forum">Women's Action Forum</a>, up to seventy-two percent of women in custody in Pakistan are physically or sexually abused.<a href="#cite_note-Goodwin-59">[59]</a> There have been several thousand <a href="/wiki/Honor_killing_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Honor killing in Pakistan">"honour" killings in Pakistan</a> in the past decade, with hundreds reported in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-hrwreport2014-1">[1]</a> An Amnesty International report noted "the failure of the authorities to prevent these killings by investigating and punishing the perpetrators."<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Honour killings are supposed to be prosecuted as ordinary murder, but in practice, police and prosecutors often ignore it.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_eNews" title="Women's eNews">Women's eNews</a> reported 4,000 women attacked by <a href="/wiki/Bride_burning" title="Bride burning">Bride burning</a> in <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>'s surroundings over an eight-year period and that the average age range of victims is between 18 and 35 with an estimated 30 percent being pregnant at the time death.<a href="#cite_note-Terzieff-62">[62]</a> <a href="/wiki/Shahnaz_Bukhari" title="Shahnaz Bukhari">Shahnaz Bukhari</a> has said of such attacks <blockquote>Either Pakistan is home to possessed stoves which burn only young housewives, and are particularly fond of genitalia, or looking at the frequency with which these incidences occur there is a grim pattern that these women are victims of deliberate murder<a href="#cite_note-Terzieff-62">[62]</a></blockquote> According to the Progressive Women's Association such attacks are a growing problem and in 1994 on <a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Day" title="International Women's Day">International Women's Day</a> announced that various NGO's would join to raise awareness of the issue.<a href="#cite_note-Rappaport-63">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_attacks_against_women">Notable attacks against women</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notable attacks against women">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>On 9 October 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Taliban" title="Pakistani Taliban">Pakistani Taliban</a> claimed responsibility for attempting to assassinate 15-year-old <a href="/wiki/Malala_Yousafzai" title="Malala Yousafzai">Malala Yousafzai</a>. They vowed to continue to target her for promoting education for women and girls. In response, a new law was signed by the President on 20 December, guaranteeing free and compulsory education to boys and girls between the ages of five and 16.</li> <li>On 4 July 2012, women's human rights activist <a href="/wiki/Fareeda_Kokikhel_Afridi" title="Fareeda Kokikhel Afridi">Fareeda Kokikhel Afridi</a> was killed in a drive-by shooting as she left her home in Peshawar for work in the Khyber Tribal Agency. Local civil society groups said she had been targeted for promoting the human rights of women. The authorities failed to bring the perpetrators to justice.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></li> <li>In 2007, <a href="/wiki/Kainat_Soomro" title="Kainat Soomro">Kainat Soomro</a>, a 13-year-old, was kidnapped at gunpoint and gang raped. Her family faced widespread condemnation for refusing to "honor" kill their daughter and faced several attacks which resulted in the death of her brother. Her rapists were all acquitted and she was put under trial for premarital sex, which is a crime under Islamic law.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></li> <li>In June 2002, <a href="/wiki/Mukhtaran_Bibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukhtaran Bibi">Mukhtaran Bibi</a> was <a href="/wiki/Gang_rape" title="Gang rape">gang raped</a> on the orders of a tribal council and paraded naked in front of a cheering crowd of 300 people. She did not commit suicide, as is customary in gang rape incidents in Pakistan, but instead attempted to seek justice. Nearly a decade after the incident 5 of the 6 accused of gang-raping her were acquitted while the sixth faces life in prison. She continues to face widespread discrimination in Pakistan and has been subject to house arrest, illegal detention, and harassment from the government and law enforcement agencies.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_abuse_of_human_rights">Political abuse of human rights</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Political abuse of human rights">edit</a>]</div> Provincial and local governments have arrested journalists and closed newspapers that report on matters perceived as socially offensive or critical of the government or military. Journalists also have been victims of violence and intimidation by various groups and individuals. In spite of these difficulties, the press publishes freely on other matters, although journalists often exercise self-restraint in their writing to avoid inuring the wrath of the government or military. In 2001, citizens participated in <a href="/wiki/2002_Pakistani_general_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 Pakistani general elections">general elections</a>, but those elections were criticized as deeply flawed by domestic and international observers. Societal actors also are responsible for human rights abuses. Violence by drug lords and sectarian militias claims numerous innocent lives, <a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">discrimination</a> and violence against women are widespread, <a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking" title="Human trafficking">human trafficking</a> is problematic, and debt slavery and bonded labor persist. The government often ignores abuses against <a href="/wiki/Children_and_adolescents_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Children and adolescents in Pakistan">children</a> and religious minorities, and some government institutions and <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> groups have persecuted non-Muslims and used some laws as the legal basis for doing so. The Blasphemy law, for example, allows life imprisonment or the <a href="/wiki/Death_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Death penalty">death penalty</a> for contravening Islamic principles, but legislation was passed in October 2004 to attempt to counter misuse of the law. Furthermore, the social acceptance of many of these problems hinders their eradication. One prominent example is <a href="/wiki/Honor_killing" title="Honor killing">honor killings</a> (“<a href="/wiki/Karo_kari" class="mw-redirect" title="Karo kari">karo kari</a>”), which are believed to have accounted for more than 4,000 deaths from 1998 to 2003.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Many view this practice as indicative of a feudal mentality and falsely anathema to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, but others defend the practice as a means of punishing violators of cultural norms and view attempts to stop it to as an assault on cultural heritage. Pakistan was recommended by the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) in May to be designated as a “Country of Particular Concern” (CPC) by the Department of State because of its government's engagement or toleration of systematic, ongoing, and egregious violations of religious freedom.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Humanitarian_response_to_conflict">Humanitarian response to conflict</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Humanitarian response to conflict">edit</a>]</div> Violence in Pakistan and the Taliban conflict with the government have heightened humanitarian problems in Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> Political and military interests have been prioritized over humanitarian considerations in the offensives against the Taliban, and issues are likely to get worse as people are encouraged back home prematurely and often face once again being victims of the Taliban terrorists.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> Displacement is a key problem and humanitarian organizations are failing to address the basic needs of people outside displacement camps, nor are they able to address issues such as the conduct of hostilities and the politicization of the emergency response.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> Researchers at the <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Development_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Development Institute">Overseas Development Institute</a> argue that aid agencies face dilemmas with engaging with the government, as this does not always produce the desired results and can conflict with their aim of promoting stability and maintaining a principled approach.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> A principled approach limits their ability to operate when the government emphasizes political and security considerations.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internally_displaced_people">Internally displaced people</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Internally displaced people">edit</a>]</div> There were over 500,000 people displaced in 2008 mainly from the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) on the border with Afghanistan, and a further 1.4 million from Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa in May 2009.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> By mid-July 2009, Pakistan's National Database and Registration Authority (NADRA) put the total of <a href="/wiki/Internally_Displaced_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Internally Displaced People">Internally Displaced People</a> (IDPs) at just over 2m, while unofficial figures are as high as 3.5m.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> Most of those displaced (up to 80%) were taken in by relatives, friends and even strangers – Pashtun communities, in particular, have displayed great efforts in assisting the displaced despite their own high levels of poverty.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> Still others use schools, but only a small minority live in approximately 30 official camps, mainly in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> There is little support for those living outside of camps, official support consists only of some food and non-food items and government cash grants.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> Many of those who have been taken in are looked after by political and religious groups providing assistance in return for membership or support.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> The government has been struggling to provide support to an area traditionally marginalized and remote and is also keen to downplay the scale of the crisis.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> Before military operations are undertaken, little preparation is made for the predictable increase in displaced peoples in order to avoid attracting the attention of opposing forces.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> There are also suggestions that help given to IDPs is informed by cultural and political expediency, as in the case of a $300 family cash grant.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> The <a href="/wiki/International_community" title="International community">international community</a>'s assistance is marginal in comparison to local efforts due to the rate and scale of displacement; the scattering of displaced populations among host families and in spontaneous settlements; access difficulties due to insecurity and the role of the military in the relief effort.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> International <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Humanitarian organization">humanitarian organizations</a> have focused on camp-based populations and this limited interaction has hampered their attempts to analyze the full complexity of the situation, the context, its different actors, and their interests – all of which are key to ensuring that the humanitarian imperative is achieved in this complex operating environment.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> The cluster method often used for the coordination and funding of humanitarian responses to IDPs has been criticized many agencies have bypassed the UN cluster, such as <a href="/wiki/OFDA" class="mw-redirect" title="OFDA">OFDA</a> and <a href="/wiki/DfID" class="mw-redirect" title="DfID">DfID</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> However, operational agencies also indicated that donors have also been slow to challenge government policy due to their overall support to the Pakistani counter-insurgency effort, as well as lack of influence.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> The government has come under criticism also for downplaying the crisis, but also for weakening the position of the UN through the ‘One UN Approach’ in Pakistan, leaving a UN unable to function properly.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> Furthermore, in an effort to force refugees back to the areas they have fled (in order to create a sense of normalcy), the government has cut off power and water supply to the IDP camps.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Friends_of_Pakistan"">"Friends of Pakistan"</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: "Friends of Pakistan"">edit</a>]</div> Many donors see the conflict as an opportunity for more comprehensive engagement in an effort to promote stability in the region, to promote a legitimate government, and curtail transnational threats.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> The ‘<a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Friends of Pakistan">Friends of Pakistan</a>’ group, which includes the US, the UK, and the UN, is key in the international community's drive to promote stability. The US has adopted a joint ‘<a href="/wiki/Af-Pak" class="mw-redirect" title="Af-Pak">Af-Pak</a>’ (Afghanistan and Pakistan) strategy in order to suppress the insurgency and defend its national security interests.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> This strategy seeks engagement with the government and the military intelligence communities, develop civilian and democratic governance, for instance through the provision of services and support in ‘cleared areas’ in FATA and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, and increasing assistance including direct budget support, development aid and support with counter-insurgency work.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> The UK equally sees an opportunity to counter instability and militancy through a combined military and <a href="/wiki/Winning_hearts_and_minds" title="Winning hearts and minds">'hearts and minds'</a> approach, through judicial, governance, and security sector reform. The <a href="/wiki/UNDP" class="mw-redirect" title="UNDP">UNDP</a>/<a href="/wiki/WFP" class="mw-redirect" title="WFP">WFP</a> takes a similar line.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> Yet the success of this approach is by no means clear, as both the government and society at large are not welcoming of foreign interference.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> <a href="/wiki/USAID" class="mw-redirect" title="USAID">USAID</a> takes into account political as well as humanitarian dimensions in its decision making process.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> Many civilians see little distinction between aid agencies, the military operations, and "western interests"; ‘you bomb our villages and then build hospitals’.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> Many <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Humanitarian organisation">humanitarian organisations</a> thus avoid being too visible and do not mark their aid with their logos.<a href="#cite_note-ODI-70">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discrimination_against_ethnic_and_religious_minorities">Discrimination against ethnic and religious minorities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Discrimination against ethnic and religious minorities">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_in_Pakistan" title="Religious discrimination in Pakistan">Religious discrimination in Pakistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence_in_Pakistan" title="Sectarian violence in Pakistan">Sectarian violence in Pakistan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Forced_Conversions_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced Conversions in Pakistan">Forced Conversions in Pakistan</a></div> Pakistan is known for widespread discrimination against religious minorities, with attacks against <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikh</a> communities being widespread. These attacks are usually blamed on religious extremists but certain laws in the Pakistan Criminal Code and government inaction have only caused these attacks to surge higher.<a href="#cite_note-dawn.com-71">[71]</a> Sunni militant groups operate with impunity across Pakistan, as law enforcement officials either turn a blind eye or appear helpless to prevent widespread attacks against religious minorities.<a href="#cite_note-hrwreport2014-1">[1]</a> Though the Constitution includes adequate accommodation for Pakistan's religious minorities, in practice non-<a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> Muslims tend to face <a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">religious discrimination</a> in both the public and private spheres (for example – non Muslims cannot hold any of the top positions in the country's government). In response to rising sectarian and religious violence, the Pakistani government has unveiled several high-profile efforts to reduce tension and support religious pluralism, giving new authority to the <a href="/wiki/National_Commission_for_Minorities" title="National Commission for Minorities">National Commission for Minorities</a> and creating a Minister for Minority Affairs post. Nonetheless, religious violence and intimidation, as well as periodic charges of blasphemy, have occurred.<a href="#cite_note-berkley-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-amnesty2013-72">[72]</a> Attacks against <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a> Muslims, who make up between 5–20%<a href="#cite_note-LoC-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-CIA2-74">[74]</a> of Pakistani Muslims, have also been carried out by terrorist organizations such as the TTP and LeJ.<a href="#cite_note-dawn.com-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-hrwreport2014-1">[1]</a> However, in recent years, the Pakistani military and law enforcement agencies have conducted vast and extensive operations against these terrorist organizations which has resulted in a dramatic decrease in violence against minorities and restoration of relative peace.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Pakistani lawmakers have also taken action against the misuse of blasphemy laws, putting forward amendments that seek to equate punishments for a false accusation of blasphemy to the punishment for actually committing blasphemy.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Furthermore, they have been incidents where Pakistani courts have taken action against the misuse of blasphemy laws, in one case sentencing multiple people to life in prison and death for starting a blasphemy mob.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_killing_of_Punjabis_in_Balochistan">Ethnic killing of Punjabis in Balochistan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ethnic killing of Punjabis in Balochistan">edit</a>]</div> The Punjabis who are local settlers in Pakistan's <a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a> province as well as outsiders who come for work in the province are seen as collaborators of the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Government">Pakistan Government</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Pakistan Army</a> and are targeted by <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Balochistan" title="Insurgency in Balochistan">Baloch Separatists</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Balochistan_Liberation_Army" title="Balochistan Liberation Army">Balochistan Liberation Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balochistan_Liberation_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="Balochistan Liberation Front">Balochistan Liberation Front</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sahi_2014-79">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-Baloch_2010-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extrajudicial_killings_of_Pashtuns">Extrajudicial killings of Pashtuns</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Extrajudicial killings of Pashtuns">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Pashtun_Protection_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashtun Protection Movement">Pashtun Protection Movement</a> has accused the Pakistan Army of "a campaign of intimidation that includes extrajudicial killings and thousands of disappearances and detentions."<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Naqeebullah_Mehsud" title="Killing of Naqeebullah Mehsud">killing of Naqeebullah Mehsud</a> has brought forth accusations that Pashtuns are racially profiled. Military operations in Pakistan's tribal areas have caused the dispersal of Pashtuns away from their homes.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Pashtuns who have advocated for human rights for their ethnic group have been attacked and murdered.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Founder of <a href="/wiki/Aware_Girls" title="Aware Girls">Aware Girls</a>, Gulalai Ismail, was threatened with death by the <a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Intelligence" title="Inter-Services Intelligence">Inter-Services Intelligence</a> after she joined the Pashtun Tahafuz Movement and protested against enforced disappearances and extrajudicial killings by the Pakistani state.<a href="#cite_note-NPR-84">[84]</a> After raising awareness of sexual assault committed by Pakistani security forces on women, Gulalai Ismail fled the country as police forces were on their way to arrest her.<a href="#cite_note-NPR-84">[84]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_killing_of_Hazaras">Ethnic killing of Hazaras</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Ethnic killing of Hazaras">edit</a>]</div> On January 3 of 2021, a group of miners in <a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a> were victims of terrorist attacks. The attackers infiltrated and ambushed a coal mine near <a href="/wiki/Machh" title="Machh">Mach</a>, Pakistan; after which they "separated those who belonged to an ethnic group called Hazaras, blindfolded them, tied their hands behind their backs and brutally killed them".<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras">Hazara</a> community is an ethnic community from central <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hazarajat" title="Hazarajat">Hazarajat</a> that have a mostly strong <a href="/wiki/Shia" class="mw-redirect" title="Shia">Shia</a> religious identity. This event lead to a nationwide outcry and protest on social media. <a href="/wiki/Imran_Khan" title="Imran Khan">Imran Khan</a> responded to the atrocities by accepting the demands of the attackers which infuriated the Pakistani victims.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Silencing_of_human_rights_abuses_in_Balochistan">Silencing of human rights abuses in Balochistan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Silencing of human rights abuses in Balochistan">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Balochistan" title="Insurgency in Balochistan">Insurgency in Balochistan</a></div> As of 2018, the Pakistani state was using Islamist militants to crush Balochi separatists.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Academics and journalists in the United States have been approached by <a href="/wiki/Inter-Services_Intelligence" title="Inter-Services Intelligence">Inter-Services Intelligence</a> spies, who threatened them not to speak about the insurgency in Balochistan, as well as human rights abuses by the Pakistani Army or else their family would be harmed.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extrajudicial_killings_of_Muhajirs">Extrajudicial killings of Muhajirs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Extrajudicial killings of Muhajirs">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muhajirs" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Muhajirs">Persecution of Muhajirs</a></div> According to Amnesty International, extrajudicial executions of <a href="/wiki/Mahajir_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahajir (Pakistan)">Muhajirs</a> by law enforcement personnel, often portrayed by the authorities as "encounters" with police, continued to be reported from <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a> with distressing frequency.<a href="#cite_note-AMN-89">[89]</a> In Karachi, extra judicial killings against <a href="/wiki/Mahajir_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahajir (Pakistan)">Muhajirs</a> is not a new phenomenon. It began in 1992 during an <a href="/wiki/Operation_Clean-up" title="Operation Clean-up">operation against MQM</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> During <a href="/wiki/Operation_Clean-up" title="Operation Clean-up">Operation Clean-up</a>, the police and army carried out raids, mass round-ups and siege-and-search operations in pursuit of <a href="/wiki/Muttahida_Qaumi_Movement_%E2%80%93_London" title="Muttahida Qaumi Movement – London">MQM(A)</a> leaders and militants over the next 30 months, thousands of ordinary <a href="/wiki/Muttahida_Qaumi_Movement_%E2%80%93_London" title="Muttahida Qaumi Movement – London">MQM</a> supporters and <a href="/wiki/Mahajir_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahajir (Pakistan)">Muhajirs</a> were subjected to arbitrary arrest and detention, extrajudicial execution, beatings, torture, extortion and other ill-treatment.<a href="#cite_note-:03-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_rights_violations_against_Ahmadi_community">Human rights violations against Ahmadi community</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Human rights violations against Ahmadi community">edit</a>]</div> Several minority communities, such as the <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> have been attacked in <a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">pogroms</a> in Pakistan over the years.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> The human rights violations of the <a href="/wiki/Ahmadiyya" title="Ahmadiyya">Ahmadiyya</a> community has been systematic and state-sponsored. General Zia, the military dictator of Pakistan, went many steps further in 1984, when to gain the support of Islamic fundamentalists in Pakistan, he promulgated the anti-Ahmadiyya Ordinance XX that added Sections 298-B and 298-C in Pakistan Criminal Code.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <blockquote> 298-B. Misuse of epithets, descriptions, and titles, etc., reserved for certain holy personages or places: <ol> <li>Any person of the Qadiani group or the Lahori group who call themselves 'Ahmadis' or by any other name who by words, either spoken or written, or by visible representation- <ol type="a"><li>refers to or addresses, any person, other than a Caliph or companion of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), as "Ameer-ul-Mumineen", "Khalifatul- Mumineen", Khalifa-tul-Muslimeen", "Sahaabi" or "Razi Allah Anho";</li> <li>refers to, or addresses, any person, other than a wife of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), as "Ummul-Mumineen";</li> <li>refers to, or addresses, any person, other than a member of the family "Ahle-bait" of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), as "Ahle-bait"; or</li> <li>refers to, or names, or calls, his place of worship a "Masjid";</li></ol> shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine.</li> <li>Any person of the Qadiani group or Lahori group (who call themselves "Ahmadis" or by any other name) who by words, either spoken or written, or by visible representation refers to the mode or form of call to prayers followed by his faith as "Azan", or recites Azan as used by the Muslims, shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years, and shall also be liable to fine.</li> </ol> </blockquote> <blockquote> 298-C. Person of Qadiani group, etc., calling himself a Muslim or preaching or propagating his faith: Any person of the Qadiani group or the Lahori group (who call themselves 'Ahmadis' or by any other name), who directly or indirectly, poses himself as a Muslim, or calls, or refers to, his faith as Islam, or preaches or propagates his faith, or invites others to accept his faith, by words, either spoken or written, or by visible representations, or in any manner whatsoever outrages the religious feelings of Muslims shall be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to three years and shall also be liable to fine. </blockquote> Through this ordinance, Ahmadi Muslims were deprived of most of their basic human rights and their freedom of faith. Under the provisions of this ordinance, an Ahmadi Muslim could be given rigorous imprisonment of 3 years and fined any amount. An Ahmadi can be easily charged for profession of his faith or for ‘posing’ as a Muslim. The ordinance was a green signal for anti-Ahmadiyya elements to open the floodgates of tyranny with the help of the State. The ordinance provides a ready and convenient tool in the hands of fundamentalists and the government to incriminate Ahmadis on flimsy grounds and petty excuses.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Freedom_of_religion_in_Pakistan">Freedom of religion in Pakistan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Freedom of religion in Pakistan">edit</a>]</div> In 2022, Freedom House rated Pakistan’s religious freedom as 1 out of 4,<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> noting that the <a href="/wiki/Blasphemy" title="Blasphemy">blasphemy</a> laws are often exploited by religious vigilantes and also curtail the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_expression" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of expression">freedom of expression</a> by Christians and Muslims, especially <a href="/wiki/Ahmadis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmadis">Ahmadis</a>. Hindus have spoken of vulnerability to kidnapping and forced conversions. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blasphemy_laws">Blasphemy laws</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Blasphemy laws">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anti-Pakistani_blasphemy_law_protest,_Centenary_Square,_Bradford_(8th_November_2014).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Anti-Pakistani_blasphemy_law_protest%2C_Centenary_Square%2C_Bradford_%288th_November_2014%29.JPG/220px-Anti-Pakistani_blasphemy_law_protest%2C_Centenary_Square%2C_Bradford_%288th_November_2014%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Anti-Pakistani_blasphemy_law_protest%2C_Centenary_Square%2C_Bradford_%288th_November_2014%29.JPG/330px-Anti-Pakistani_blasphemy_law_protest%2C_Centenary_Square%2C_Bradford_%288th_November_2014%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Anti-Pakistani_blasphemy_law_protest%2C_Centenary_Square%2C_Bradford_%288th_November_2014%29.JPG/440px-Anti-Pakistani_blasphemy_law_protest%2C_Centenary_Square%2C_Bradford_%288th_November_2014%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Anti-Pakistani blasphemy law protest in <a href="/wiki/Bradford" title="Bradford">Bradford</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> (2014).</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Blasphemy_law_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Blasphemy law in Pakistan">Blasphemy law in Pakistan</a></div> In Pakistan, 1.5% of the population are Christian. Pakistani law mandates that any "blasphemies" of the Quran are to be met with punishment. On July 28, 1994, <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> urged Pakistan's Prime Minister, <a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Benazir Bhutto</a> to change the law because it was being used to terrorize religious minorities. She tried, but was unsuccessful. However, she modified the laws to make them more moderate. Her changes were reversed by the <a href="/wiki/Nawaz_Sharif" title="Nawaz Sharif">Nawaz Sharif</a> administration which was backed by religious political parties. Here is a list of some notable incidents involving blasphemy accusations: <ul><li>Ayub Masih, a Christian, was convicted of blasphemy and sentenced to death in 1998. He was accused by a neighbor of stating that he supported British writer, <a href="/wiki/Salman_Rushdie" title="Salman Rushdie">Salman Rushdie</a>, author of <a href="/wiki/The_Satanic_Verses" title="The Satanic Verses">The Satanic Verses</a>. Lower appeals courts upheld the conviction. However, before the Pakistan Supreme Court, his lawyer was able to prove that the accuser had used the conviction to force Masih's family off their land and then acquired control of the property. Masih has been released.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></li> <li>On October 28, 2001, in Lahore, Pakistan, Islamic militants killed 15 Christians at a church.</li> <li>On September 25, 2002, two terrorists entered the "Peace and Justice Institute", <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>, where they separated Muslims from the Christians, and then executed eight Christians by shooting them in the head.<a href="#cite_note-Hart-98">[98]</a></li> <li>In 2001, Pervaiz Masih, Head Master of a Christian High School in Sialkot was arrested on false blasphemy charges by the owner of another school in the vicinity.</li> <li>On September 25, 2002, unidentified gunmen shot dead seven people at a Christian charity in Karachi's central business district. They entered the third-floor offices of the Institute for Peace and Justice (IPJ) and shot their victims in the head. All of the victims were Pakistani Christians. Karachi police chief Tariq Jamil said the victims had their hands tied and their mouths had been covered with tape. Pakistani Christians have alleged that they have "become increasingly victimised since the launch of the US-led international war on terror."<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></li> <li>In November 2005, 3,000 militant Islamists attacked Christians in Sangla Hill in Pakistan and destroyed <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvation_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvation Army">Salvation Army</a>, and United <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a> churches. The attack was over allegations of violation of blasphemy laws by a Pakistani Christian named Yousaf Masih. The attacks were widely condemned by some political parties in Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> However, Pakistani Christians have expressed disappointment that they have not received justice. Samson Dilawar, a parish priest in Sangla Hill, has said that the police have not committed to trial any of the people who were arrested for committing the assaults and that the Pakistani government did not inform the Christian community that a judicial inquiry was underway by a local judge. He continued to say that Muslim clerics "make hateful speeches about Christians" and "continue insulting Christians and our faith".<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></li> <li>In February 2006, churches and Christian schools were targeted in protests over the publications of the <a href="/wiki/Jyllands-Posten_Muhammad_cartoons_controversy" title="Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy">Jyllands-Posten</a> cartoons in <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, leaving two elderly women injured and many homes and properties destroyed. Some of the mobs were stopped by police.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></li> <li>In August 2006, a church and Christian homes were attacked in a village outside of <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, Pakistan in a land dispute. Three Christians were seriously injured and one missing after some 35 Muslims burned buildings, desecrated Bibles and attacked Christians.<a href="#cite_note-christianpost.com-103">[103]</a></li> <li>On September 22, 2006, a Pakistani Christian named Shahid Masih was arrested and jailed for allegedly violating Islamic "blasphemy laws" in Pakistan. He is presently held in confinement and has expressed fear of reprisals by <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Fundamentalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Fundamentalists">Islamic Fundamentalists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></li> <li>On August 1, 2009, nearly 40 houses and a church in <a href="/wiki/2009_Gojra_riots" title="2009 Gojra riots">Gojra</a> were torched on the suspicion that Quran had been burnt there. While police watched, 8 victims were burned alive, 4 of them women, one aged 7. Eighteen more were injured.</li> <li>In 2010, a Pakistani Christian woman named <a href="/wiki/Asia_Bibi_blasphemy_case" title="Asia Bibi blasphemy case">Aasiya Noreen</a> (also known as Asia Bibi) was sentenced to death for blasphemy after an incident occurred with co-workers while picking berries.<a href="#cite_note-Shackle2018-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zakaria2018-106">[106]</a> The verdict received worldwide attention, including petitions for her release. Minorities Minister <a href="/wiki/Shahbaz_Bhatti" title="Shahbaz Bhatti">Shahbaz Bhatti</a> and Punjab Governor <a href="/wiki/Salmaan_Taseer" class="mw-redirect" title="Salmaan Taseer">Salmaan Taseer</a> were both assassinated for advocating on her behalf and opposing the blasphemy laws.<a href="#cite_note-Lodge2018-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> In October 2018, the Supreme Court of Pakistan acquitted<a href="#cite_note-BBC2018-10-31-109">[109]</a> her based on insufficient evidence. Noreen's defense lawyer Saif-ul-Mulook fled to the Netherlands in November 2018, fearing for his life.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Noreen finally fled to Canada in May 2019, after overcoming several more legal hurdles following her acquittal, including a petition to appeal the Supreme Court's acquittal decision.<a href="#cite_note-NDTV2019-111">[111]</a></li> <li>In 2012 a young Christian woman, Rimsha Masih, was arrested on blasphemy charge, but released after a few weeks in high security lock-up as a result of international outrage.<a href="#cite_note-bbc.com-112">[112]</a></li> <li>On March 9, 2013, two days after Sawan Masih, a Christian, was accused of blasphemy. A mob of two thousand Muslims torched over 200 homes and two churches. Masih was sentenced to death the following year.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></li> <li>In April 2014 a Christian couple from Gojra, Shafqat Emmanuel and Shagufta Kausar received death sentences.<a href="#cite_note-bbc.com-112">[112]</a></li> <li>On May 7, 2014, Rashid Rahman, a lawyer representing a university professor <a href="/wiki/Junaid_Hafeez" title="Junaid Hafeez">Junaid Hafeez</a> accused of blasphemy was murdered in the Pakistani city of Multan. In response the <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Commission_of_Pakistan" title="Human Rights Commission of Pakistan">Human Rights Commission of Pakistan</a> and some other civil organizations protested in front of the <a href="/wiki/Karachi_Press_Club" title="Karachi Press Club">Karachi Press Club</a> in the city of Karachi.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></li> <li>On April 16, 2023, radical islamists in Pakistan attacked and demolished an over 100-year-old worship place of the minority Ahmadi community in the Punjab province.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></li></ul> Based, in part, on such incidents, Pakistan was recommended by the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) in May 2006 to be designated as a "Country of Particular Concern" (CPC) by the Department of State.<a href="#cite_note-christianpost.com-103">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intolerance_against_Hindus_and_other_minorities">Intolerance against Hindus and other minorities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Intolerance against Hindus and other minorities">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religious_Minorities_in_Pakistan" title="Religious Minorities in Pakistan">Religious Minorities in Pakistan</a></div> As of April 2012, Pakistan did not provide a legal system for registration of <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriages</a> for certain minorities including <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sikh">Sikhs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jain" class="mw-redirect" title="Jain">Jains</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí</a>.<a href="#cite_note-et-hma-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-et-divorce-117">[117]</a> Denial of recognition of Hindu marriages is often used to intimidate and harass Hindus. Married Hindu women have been forcibly kidnapped and married to Muslims, and are left without legal recourse due to inability to prove their previous marriage.<a href="#cite_note-jagran-protesthma-118">[118]</a> It also makes it difficult for Hindus to obtain the <a href="/wiki/Computerized_National_Identity_Card" class="mw-redirect" title="Computerized National Identity Card">Computerized National Identity Card</a>.<a href="#cite_note-jagran-protesthma-118">[118]</a> The increasing Islamization has caused many Hindus to leave Hinduism and seek emancipation by converting to other faiths such as Buddhism and Christianity. Such Islamization includes blasphemy laws, which make it dangerous for religious minorities to express themselves freely and engage freely in religious and cultural activities.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Minority members of the Pakistan National Assembly have alleged that Hindus were being hounded and humiliated to force them to leave Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> Hindu women have been known to be victims of kidnapping and <a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion_to_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced conversion to Islam">forced conversion to Islam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <a href="/wiki/Krishan_Bheel" title="Krishan Bheel">Krishan Bheel</a>, one of a handful of Hindu members of the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">National Assembly of Pakistan</a>, came into news recently for manhandling Qari Gul Rehman, who had repeatedly provoked him by making declaratory statements against his religion.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> Separate electorates for Hindus and Christians were established in 1985—a policy originally proposed by Islamist leader <a href="/wiki/Abul_A%27la_Maududi" title="Abul A'la Maududi">Abul A'la Maududi</a>. Christian and Hindu leaders complained that they felt excluded from the county's political process, but the policy had strong support from Islamists.<a href="#cite_note-OBJ-31-123">[123]</a> In the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_the_Babri_Masjid" title="Demolition of the Babri Masjid">Babri Masjid demolition</a> Pakistani Hindus faced riots. Mobs attacked five Hindu temples in <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a> and set fire to 25 temples in towns across the province of <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a>. Shops owned by Hindus were also attacked in <a href="/wiki/Sukkur" title="Sukkur">Sukkur</a>. Hindu homes and temples were also attacked in <a href="/wiki/Quetta" title="Quetta">Quetta</a>.<a href="#cite_note-A2-124">[124]</a> In 2005, 32 Hindus were killed by firing from the government side near <a href="/wiki/Akbar_Bugti" title="Akbar Bugti">Nawab Akbar Bugti</a>'s residence during bloody clashes between Bugti tribesmen and paramilitary forces in <a href="/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Balochistan, Pakistan">Balochistan</a>. The firing left the Hindu residential locality near Bugti's residence badly hit.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> The rise of <a href="/wiki/Taliban_insurgency" title="Taliban insurgency">Taliban insurgency</a> in Pakistan has been an influential and increasing factor in the persecution of and <a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_religious_minorities_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Discrimination against religious minorities in Pakistan">discrimination against religious minorities in Pakistan</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a>, and other minorities.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> It is said that there is persecution of religious minorities in Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-usdep-128">[128]</a> In July 2010, around 60 members of the minority Hindu community in <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a> were attacked and evicted from their homes following an incident of a <a href="/wiki/Dalit" title="Dalit">Dalit</a> Hindu youth drinking water from a tap near an Islamic <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosque</a>.<a href="#cite_note-thehindu1-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> In January 2014, a policeman standing guard outside a Hindu temple at Peshawar was gunned down.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Pakistan's Supreme Court has sought a report from the government on its efforts to ensure access for the minority Hindu community to temples – the Karachi bench of the apex court was hearing applications against the alleged denial of access to the members of the minority community.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> Since March 2005, 209 people have been killed and 560 injured in 29 different terrorist attacks targeting shrines devoted to <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> saints in Pakistan, according to data compiled by the Center for Islamic Research Collaboration and Learning (CIRCLe).<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> At least as of 2010, the attacks have increased each year. The attacks are generally attributed to banned militant organizations of <a href="/wiki/Deobandi" class="mw-redirect" title="Deobandi">Deobandi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ahl-e-Hadith" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahl-e-Hadith">Ahl-e-Hadith</a> (Salafi) backgrounds.<a href="#cite_note-critical-136">[136]</a> (Primarily Deobandi background according to another source—author John R. Schmidt).<a href="#cite_note-schmidt-137">[137]</a> Pakistan's citizens have had serious Shia-Sunni discord. An estimated 75–95% of Pakistan's Muslim population is Sunni,<a href="#cite_note-LoC-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-CIA2-74">[74]</a> while an estimated 5–20% is Shia,<a href="#cite_note-LoC-73">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-CIA2-74">[74]</a> but this Shia minority forms the second-largest Shia population of any country,<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> larger than the Shia majority in Iraq. Although relations between Shia and Sunni were once cordial, some see a precursor of Pakistani Shia–Sunni strife in the April 1979 execution of deposed President <a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a> on questionable charges by <a href="/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism" title="Islamic fundamentalism">Islamic fundamentalist</a> General <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq</a>, who subsequently took over as dictator of Pakistan. Zia ul-Haq was a Sunni.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> <a href="/wiki/Zia-ul-Haq%27s_Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization">Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization</a> that followed was resisted by Shia who saw it as "Sunnification" as the laws and regulations were based on Sunni <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">fiqh</a>. In July 1980, 25,000 Shia protested the <a href="/wiki/Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamization">Islamization</a> laws in the capital <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>. Further exacerbating the situation was the dislike between Shia leader Imam Khomeini and General Zia ul-Haq.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Zia-ul-Haq</a> pursued anti-Shia policies<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> and attacks on Shias also increased under <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq">Zia</a>'s presidency,<a href="#cite_note-:22-142">[142]</a> with the first major sectarian riots in Pakistan breaking out in 1983 in <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a> and later spreading to <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-143">[143]</a> Sectarian violence became a recurring feature of the <a href="/wiki/Muharram" title="Muharram">Muharram</a> month every year, with sectarian violence between <a href="/wiki/Sunnis" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunnis">Sunnis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shias" class="mw-redirect" title="Shias">Shias</a> taking place in 1986 in <a href="/wiki/Parachinar" title="Parachinar">Parachinar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:0-143">[143]</a> In one notorious incident, the <a href="/wiki/1988_Gilgit_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="1988 Gilgit Massacre">1988 Gilgit Massacre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden" title="Osama bin Laden">Osama bin Laden</a>-led <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni</a> tribals assaulted, massacred and raped <a href="/wiki/Shias" class="mw-redirect" title="Shias">Shia</a> civilians in <a href="/wiki/Gilgit_District" title="Gilgit District">Gilgit</a> after being inducted by the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Pakistan Army</a> to quell a <a href="/wiki/Shias" class="mw-redirect" title="Shias">Shia</a> uprising in <a href="/wiki/Gilgit_District" title="Gilgit District">Gilgit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-:16-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> From 1987 to 2007, "as many as 4,000 people are estimated to have died in sectarian fighting in Pakistan", 300 being killed in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-csmonitor.com-149">[149]</a> With thousands more being killed since then as the violence has only gotten much worse.<a href="#cite_note-dawn.com-71">[71]</a> In 2013 alone more than 400 Shia have been killed in targeted attacks that took place across Pakistan.<a href="#cite_note-hrwreport2014-1">[1]</a> Amongst the culprits blamed for the killing are Al-Qaeda working "with local sectarian groups" to kill what they perceive as Shia <a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam" title="Apostasy in Islam">apostates</a>, and "foreign powers ... trying to sow discord."<a href="#cite_note-csmonitor.com-149">[149]</a> Outside funding for these Sunni Militia comes mostly from <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and other Gulf states which have a predominantly Sunni population and leadership. Most violence takes place in the largest province of <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab</a> and the country's commercial and financial capital, <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pakistan's_Shia-Sunni_divide-150">[150]</a> There have also been conflagrations in the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir">Azad Kashmir</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Pakistan's_Shia-Sunni_divide-150">[150]</a> Due to religious persecution in Pakistan, Hindus continue to flee to India.<a href="#cite_note-bbc200703022-151">[151]</a> Most of them tend to settle in the state of <a href="/wiki/Rajasthan" title="Rajasthan">Rajasthan</a> in India.<a href="#cite_note-Rizvi-152">[152]</a> According to the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan data, just around 1,000 Hindu families fled to India in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-Rizvi-152">[152]</a> In May 2014, a member of the ruling Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N), Dr <a href="/wiki/Ramesh_Kumar_Vankwani" title="Ramesh Kumar Vankwani">Ramesh Kumar Vankwani</a>, claimed in the National Assembly of Pakistan that around 5,000 Hindus are migrating from Pakistan to India every year.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forced_conversions"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style>Forced conversions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Forced conversions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Coerced_religious_conversion_in_Pakistan" title="Coerced religious conversion in Pakistan">Coerced religious conversion in Pakistan</a></div> In Pakistan, Hindu and Christian girls are kidnapped, raped, forcibly converted to Islam and married to Muslim men.<a href="#cite_note-auto-154">[154]</a> These girls are generally 12 to 19 years old.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Aurat_Foundation" title="Aurat Foundation">Aurat Foundation</a>, about 1,000 non-Muslim girls are forcibly converted to Islam in Pakistan every year.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> Forced and coerced conversions of religious minorities to Islam occurred at the hands of societal actors. Religious minorities claimed that government actions to stem the problem were inadequate. Several human rights groups have highlighted the increased phenomenon of Hindu girls, particularly in Karachi, being kidnapped from their families and forced to convert to Islam. The Human Rights groups have reported that the cases of forced conversion are increasing.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> A 2014 report says about 1,000 Christian and Hindu women in Pakistan are forcibly converted to Islam every year.<a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> <a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> In 2003 a six-year-old Sikh girl was kidnapped by a member of the <a href="/wiki/Afridi" title="Afridi">Afridi</a> tribe in Northwest Frontier Province; he also claimed the girl had converted to Islam and therefore could not be returned to her family.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> Since the turn of the century non-Sunni minorities as the <a href="/wiki/Kalash_people" title="Kalash people">Kalash</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ismailis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ismailis">Ismailis</a> have been threatened with conversion to Islam or death by the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> and other radical Islamic groups.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> Well known Pakistani sportsperson-politician <a href="/wiki/Imran_Khan" title="Imran Khan">Imran Khan</a> (now the Prime minister) had condemned the forced conversions threat as un-Islamic.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> On October 12, 2012, Ryan Stanton, a Christian boy of 16, went into hiding after being accused of blasphemy and after his home was ransacked by a crowd. Stanton stated that he had been framed because he had rebuffed pressures to convert to Islam.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> In February 2012, Rinkle, Lata, and Asha Kumari were allegedly forced to convert from Hinduism to Islam.<a href="#cite_note-fridaytimesrinkle-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a> Their cases were appealed all the way to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Court of Pakistan">Supreme Court of Pakistan</a>. The appeal was admitted but remained unheard as of December 2016.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> In 2020, a 15-year-old Hindu girl was kidnapped, forcibly converted and married to a Muslim man. She was later rescued by the police.<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> The Court ordered her to be sent to a Women's protection centre.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> In a separate case the police aided in a bride's abduction.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fundamental_rights_in_Pakistan" title="Fundamental rights in Pakistan">Fundamental rights in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Karak_temple_attack" title="2020 Karak temple attack">2020 Karak temple attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acid_throwing" class="mw-redirect" title="Acid throwing">Acid throwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blasphemy_law_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Blasphemy law in Pakistan">Blasphemy law in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Pakistan" title="Child labour in Pakistan">Child labour in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence_in_Pakistan" title="Domestic violence in Pakistan">Domestic violence in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowry_death" title="Dowry death">Dowry death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_disappearance_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced disappearance in Pakistan">Forced disappearance in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism_in_Pakistan" title="Feudalism in Pakistan">Feudalism in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honour_killing_in_Pakistan" title="Honour killing in Pakistan">Honour killing in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Islamic_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights in Islamic countries">Human rights in Islamic countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_in_Pakistan_under_General_Zia-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Human Rights in Pakistan under General Zia-ul-Haq">Human Rights in Pakistan under General Zia-ul-Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Pakistan" title="Human trafficking in Pakistan">Human trafficking in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Pakistan">LGBT rights in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis#Pakistan" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Persecution of Ahmadis#Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_in_Pakistan" title="Rape in Pakistan">Rape in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence_in_Pakistan" title="Sectarian violence in Pakistan">Sectarian violence in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women_in_Pakistan" title="Violence against women in Pakistan">Violence against women in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Pakistan">War in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_related_laws_in_Pakistan" title="Women related laws in Pakistan">Women related laws in Pakistan</a></li></ul> Organisations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Human_Rights_(Pakistan)" title="Ministry of Human Rights (Pakistan)">Ministry of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Commission_of_Pakistan" title="Human Rights Commission of Pakistan">Human Rights Commission of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Innocent_Victims_in_Conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Campaign for Innocent Victims in Conflict">Campaign for Innocent Victims in Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_Human_Rights_Development_Organization" title="Asian Human Rights Development Organization">Asian Human Rights Development Organization</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hrwreport2014-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hrwreport2014_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hrwreport2014_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hrwreport2014_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hrwreport2014_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hrwreport2014_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hrwreport2014_1-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hrwreport2014_1-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hrwreport2014_1-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hrwreport2014_1-8">i</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output 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a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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Prentice Hall. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0136139034" title="Special:BookSources/978-0136139034"><bdi>978-0136139034</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heavy+Hands%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+Crime+of+Intimate+and+Family+Violence&rft.pages=13&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0136139034&rft.aulast=Gosselin&rft.aufirst=Denise+Kindschi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEwxZAAAAYAAJ%26q%3DPakistan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-guar2018-51"><a href="#cite_ref-guar2018_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBriggs2015" class="citation news cs1">Briggs, Billy (2015-10-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/oct/13/the-peshawar-women-fighting-the-taliban-we-cannot-trust-anyone">"The Peshawar women fighting the Taliban: 'We cannot trust anyone'"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 13 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Peshawar+women+fighting+the+Taliban%3A+%27We+cannot+trust+anyone%27&rft.date=2015-10-13&rft.aulast=Briggs&rft.aufirst=Billy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcities%2F2015%2Foct%2F13%2Fthe-peshawar-women-fighting-the-taliban-we-cannot-trust-anyone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2017/8/from-where-i-stand-saba-ismail">"From where I stand: "Peace is not an overnight miracle. Everyone needs to contribute to build peace""</a>. UN Women. 8 August 2017. Retrieved 14 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UN+Women&rft.atitle=From+where+I+stand%3A+%22Peace+is+not+an+overnight+miracle.+Everyone+needs+to+contribute+to+build+peace%22&rft.date=2017-08-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unwomen.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F2017%2F8%2Ffrom-where-i-stand-saba-ismail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Laird-53"><a href="#cite_ref-Laird_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaird2008" class="citation book cs1">Laird, Kathleen Fenner (2008). Whose Islam? Pakistani Women's Political Action Groups Speak Ou. p. 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780549465560" title="Special:BookSources/9780549465560"><bdi>9780549465560</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Whose+Islam%3F+Pakistani+Women%27s+Political+Action+Groups+Speak+Ou&rft.pages=101&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780549465560&rft.aulast=Laird&rft.aufirst=Kathleen+Fenner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Khan-54"><a href="#cite_ref-Khan_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhan2005" class="citation news cs1">Khan, Aamer Ahmed (8 September 2005). "Pakistan's real problem with rape". 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Human Rights Watch. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/contemporaryform0000unse/page/72">72</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1564321541" title="Special:BookSources/978-1564321541"><bdi>978-1564321541</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contemporary+Forms+of+Slavery+in+Pakistan&rft.pages=72&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1564321541&rft.aulast=Karim&rft.aufirst=Farhad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcontemporaryform0000unse%2Fpage%2F72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haeri-56"><a href="#cite_ref-Haeri_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaeri2002" class="citation book cs1">Haeri, Shahla (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/noshameforsunliv0000haer">No Shame for the Sun: Lives of Professional Pakistani Women</a> (1st ed.). Syracuse University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/noshameforsunliv0000haer/page/163">163</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0815629603" title="Special:BookSources/978-0815629603"><bdi>978-0815629603</bdi></a>. <q>institutionalized and has the tacit.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+Shame+for+the+Sun%3A+Lives+of+Professional+Pakistani+Women&rft.pages=163&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0815629603&rft.aulast=Haeri&rft.aufirst=Shahla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnoshameforsunliv0000haer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Foerstel-57"><a href="#cite_ref-Foerstel_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoerstel2009" class="citation book cs1">Foerstel, Karen (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9crab0cHypwC&q=Karen+Foerstel,+Issues+in+Race,+Ethnicity,+Gender,+and+Class:+Selections&pg=PR13">Issues in Race, Ethnicity, Gender, and Class: Selections</a>. Sage. p. 337. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1412979672" title="Special:BookSources/978-1412979672"><bdi>978-1412979672</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Issues+in+Race%2C+Ethnicity%2C+Gender%2C+and+Class%3A+Selections&rft.pages=337&rft.pub=Sage&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1412979672&rft.aulast=Foerstel&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9crab0cHypwC%26q%3DKaren%2BFoerstel%2C%2BIssues%2Bin%2BRace%2C%2BEthnicity%2C%2BGender%2C%2Band%2BClass%3A%2BSelections%26pg%3DPR13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAleem2013" class="citation book cs1">Aleem, Shamim (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cegFAQAAQBAJ&q=rape+statistics+pakistan+%22every+hour%22&pg=PA64">Women, Peace, and Security: (An International Perspective)</a>. Xlibris Corporation. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781483671123" title="Special:BookSources/9781483671123"><bdi>9781483671123</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women%2C+Peace%2C+and+Security%3A+%28An+International+Perspective%29&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Xlibris+Corporation&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781483671123&rft.aulast=Aleem&rft.aufirst=Shamim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcegFAQAAQBAJ%26q%3Drape%2Bstatistics%2Bpakistan%2B%2522every%2Bhour%2522%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goodwin-59"><a href="#cite_ref-Goodwin_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodwin2002" class="citation book cs1">Goodwin, Jan (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ghjuAAAAMAAJ&q=Women%27s+Action+Forum">Price of Honor: Muslim Women Lift the Veil of Silence on the Islamic World</a>. 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Retrieved 17 February 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=10+Pashtun+protesters+killed+in+Pakistan%2C+activists+blame+military+-+Times+of+India&rft.date=2018-06-05&rft.aulast=Khan&rft.aufirst=Omer+Farooq&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fworld%2Fpakistan%2F10-pashtun-protesters-massacred-by-pro-govt-terrorists-in-pakistan%2Farticleshow%2F64452074.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPR-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NPR_84-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPR_84-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonnell2019" class="citation web cs1">McDonnell, Tim (2 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2019/10/02/765677629/afraid-for-her-life-a-pakistani-activist-vanishes-and-escapes-to-new-york">"Escape To New York: Afraid For Her Life, A Pakistani Activist Seeks Asylum"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. Retrieved 4 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Escape+To+New+York%3A+Afraid+For+Her+Life%2C+A+Pakistani+Activist+Seeks+Asylum&rft.date=2019-10-02&rft.aulast=McDonnell&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fgoatsandsoda%2F2019%2F10%2F02%2F765677629%2Fafraid-for-her-life-a-pakistani-activist-vanishes-and-escapes-to-new-york&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pri.org/stories/2021-01-18/hazara-community-demands-justice-slain-coal-miners-pakistan">"HazaraMines"</a>. January 18, 2021. Retrieved 2019-03-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HazaraMines&rft.date=2021-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pri.org%2Fstories%2F2021-01-18%2Fhazara-community-demands-justice-slain-coal-miners-pakistan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dawn.com/news/1600397">"Blackmail"</a>. 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Retrieved 25 September 2019. <q>Increasing attacks by the Islamic State in Balochistan are connected to Pakistan's failed strategy of encouraging and using Islamist militants to crush Baloch rebels and separatists.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Balochistan%2C+Dying+Hopes+for+Peace&rft.date=2018-07-19&rft.aulast=Akbar&rft.aufirst=Malik+Siraj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F07%2F19%2Fopinion%2Fpakistan-elections-balochistan-islamic-state.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazzettiSchmittSavage2011" class="citation web cs1">Mazzetti, Mark; Schmitt, Eric; Savage, Charlie (23 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/24/world/asia/24isi.html">"Pakistan Spies on Its Diaspora, Spreading Fear"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Retrieved 25 September 2019. <q>Several Pakistani journalists and scholars in the United States interviewed over the past week said that they were approached regularly by Pakistani officials, some of whom openly identified themselves as ISI officials. The journalists and scholars said the officials caution them against speaking out on politically delicate subjects like the indigenous insurgency in Baluchistan or accusations of human rights abuses by Pakistani soldiers. The verbal pressure is often accompanied by veiled warnings about the welfare of family members in Pakistan, they said.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Pakistan+Spies+on+Its+Diaspora%2C+Spreading+Fear&rft.date=2011-07-23&rft.aulast=Mazzetti&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Schmitt%2C+Eric&rft.au=Savage%2C+Charlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F07%2F24%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F24isi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AMN-89"><a href="#cite_ref-AMN_89-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061104073429/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGASA330011996?open&of=ENG-PAK">"Pakistan: Human rights crisis in Karachi"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asianews.it/view.php?l=en&art=4928">the original</a> on 2 April 2015. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianresponse.org/articles/291/cartoon-protestors-in-pakistan-target-christians">the original</a> on August 23, 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Christian+Response%3A+Cartoon+Protestors+in+Pakistan+Target+Christians&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianresponse.org%2Farticles%2F291%2Fcartoon-protestors-in-pakistan-target-christians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-christianpost.com-103">^ <a href="#cite_ref-christianpost.com_103-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-christianpost.com_103-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVu2006" class="citation web cs1">Vu, Michelle (August 22, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20060901130228/http://www.christianpost.com/article/20060822/23922.htm">"Pakistan Church, Christian Homes Attacked in Land Dispute"</a>. The Christian Post. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianpost.com/article/20060822/23922.htm">the original</a> on September 1, 2006. Retrieved 2018-05-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pakistan+Church%2C+Christian+Homes+Attacked+in+Land+Dispute&rft.pub=The+Christian+Post&rft.date=2006-08-22&rft.aulast=Vu&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianpost.com%2Farticle%2F20060822%2F23922.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140115175006/http://www.asianews.it/view.php?l=en&art=7248">"VATICAN Pope says the Church must "move from a pastoral ministry of mere conservation to a decidedly missionary pastoral ministry" – Asia News"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.asianews.it/view.php?l=en&art=7248">the original</a> on 15 January 2014. Retrieved 6 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VATICAN+Pope+says+the+Church+must+%22move+from+a+pastoral+ministry+of+mere+conservation+to+a+decidedly+missionary+pastoral+ministry%22+%E2%80%93+Asia+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asianews.it%2Fview.php%3Fl%3Den%26art%3D7248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shackle2018-105"><a href="#cite_ref-Shackle2018_105-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShackle2018" class="citation web cs1">Shackle, Samira (18 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/oct/18/lahore-high-court-asia-bibi-death-penalty">"The Lahore court's decision to uphold Asia Bibi's death penalty is far from just"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 1 November 2018. <q>Bibi's alleged blasphemous comments were supposedly made after co-workers refused to share water that she had carried; they said it was unclean because she was a Christian (this is a hangover from the caste system, as most of those who converted to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> in pre-partition India were members of the lower castes).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Lahore+court%27s+decision+to+uphold+Asia+Bibi%27s+death+penalty+is+far+from+just&rft.date=2018-10-18&rft.aulast=Shackle&rft.aufirst=Samira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2014%2Foct%2F18%2Flahore-high-court-asia-bibi-death-penalty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zakaria2018-106"><a href="#cite_ref-Zakaria2018_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZakaria2018" class="citation web cs1">Zakaria, Rafia (16 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newrepublic.com/article/151723/death-sentence-cup-water">"A Death Sentence Over a Cup of Water?"</a>. The New Republic. Retrieved 1 November 2018. <q>The question of drinking order is a vestige of the Hindu caste system that has lingered in the area even after most of the population converted to Islam over a hundred years ago. Christians, who were converted from the <a href="/wiki/Dalits" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalits">Dalits</a>, continue to be treated as untouchables in parts of Pakistan. For high Brahmans, using the same utensils as someone from a lower caste represented contamination or impurity. It seems the women in the field with Asia Bibi on that ill-fated June day believed this as well.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Death+Sentence+Over+a+Cup+of+Water%3F&rft.pub=The+New+Republic&rft.date=2018-10-16&rft.aulast=Zakaria&rft.aufirst=Rafia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewrepublic.com%2Farticle%2F151723%2Fdeath-sentence-cup-water&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lodge2018-107"><a href="#cite_ref-Lodge2018_107-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christiantoday.com/article/final-hearing-for-asia-bibi-will-pakistani-christian-woman-be-hanged-for-blasphemy/97594.htm">"Final Hearing For Asia Bibi: Will Pakistani Christian Woman Be Hanged For Blasphemy?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Christian_Today" title="Christian Today">Christian Today</a>. 10 October 2018. Retrieved 1 November 2018. <q>Two prominent politicians, governor of Punjab Salmaan Taseer and minority affairs minister Shahbaz Bhatti, were assassinated in 2011 after defending Bibi. Her lawyer, Saiful Malook, is a Muslim who claims that Pakistani officials have been influenced by religious hardliners. He has also been targeted by Islamic fundamentalists.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Final+Hearing+For+Asia+Bibi%3A+Will+Pakistani+Christian+Woman+Be+Hanged+For+Blasphemy%3F&rft.pub=Christian+Today&rft.date=2018-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christiantoday.com%2Farticle%2Ffinal-hearing-for-asia-bibi-will-pakistani-christian-woman-be-hanged-for-blasphemy%2F97594.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-pakistan-assassination-idUSTRE7211GH20110302">"Militants say killed Pakistani minister for blasphemy"</a>. 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Retrieved 3 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hindus+being+denied+access+to+temple%2C+SC+questions+authorities&rft.date=2014-02-26&rft.aulast=Sahoutara&rft.aufirst=Naeem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftribune.com.pk%2Fstory%2F676049%2Fhindus-being-denied-access-to-temple-sc-questions-authorities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20140303211814/http://www.thestatesman.net/news/41450-pak-sc-seeks-report-on-denial-of-access-to-hindu-temple.html">"Pak SC seeks report on denial of access to Hindu temple"</a>. Press Trust of India. 26 February 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thestatesman.net/news/41450-pak-sc-seeks-report-on-denial-of-access-to-hindu-temple.html">the original</a> on 3 March 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pak+SC+seeks+report+on+denial+of+access+to+Hindu+temple&rft.date=2014-02-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestatesman.net%2Fnews%2F41450-pak-sc-seeks-report-on-denial-of-access-to-hindu-temple.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> a think-tank based in Rawalpindi </li> <li id="cite_note-critical-136"><a href="#cite_ref-critical_136-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130123005941/http://criticalppp.com/archives/239339">Sunni Ittehad Council: Sunni Barelvi activism against Deobandi-Wahhabi terrorism in Pakistan – by Aarish U. Khan</a>| criticalppp.com| Let Us Build Pakistan </li> <li id="cite_note-schmidt-137"><a href="#cite_ref-schmidt_137-0">^</a> John R. Schmidt states, "although most Deobandis are no more prone to violence than their Christian fundamentalist counterparts in the West, every jihadist group based in Pakistan save one is Deobandi, as are the Afghan Taliban". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P_Px5TdHx1YC&dq=barelvi+deobandi+pakistan&pg=PT55">The Unraveling: Pakistan in the Age of Jihad</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160426153741/https://books.google.com/books?id=P_Px5TdHx1YC&pg=PT55&dq=barelvi+deobandi+pakistan&hl=en&sa=X&ei=DncmUdi0BMmCqgHamoGQBQ&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBA">Archived</a> April 26, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> | John R. Schmidt| 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> Nasr, Vali, The Shia Revival (Norton), 2006, p.160 </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> Nasr, Vali, The Shia Revival, Norton, (2006), p.89 </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> Nasr, Vali, The Shia Revival, Norton, (2006), p.161-2 </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0Mx5DQAAQBAJ&q=zia+ul+haq+anti-shia+policies&pg=PA346">Faith-Based Violence and Deobandi Militancy in Pakistan</a>. Springer. 2016. p. 346. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781349949663" title="Special:BookSources/9781349949663"><bdi>9781349949663</bdi></a>. <q>The grave impact of that legacy was compounded by the Iranian Revolution, and Zia-ul Haq's anti-Shia policies, which added the violence and regimentation of the organization.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Faith-Based+Violence+and+Deobandi+Militancy+in+Pakistan&rft.pages=346&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781349949663&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0Mx5DQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dzia%2Bul%2Bhaq%2Banti-shia%2Bpolicies%26pg%3DPA346&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:22-142"><a href="#cite_ref-:22_142-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2010" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Brian H. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O7GPWbu8XKgC&q=gilgit+shias+1988+killing&pg=PT24">Around Rakaposhi</a>. Brian H Jones. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780980810721" title="Special:BookSources/9780980810721"><bdi>9780980810721</bdi></a>. <q>Many Shias in the region feel that they have been discriminated against since 1948. They claim that the Pakistani government continually gives preferences to Sunnis in business, in official positions, and in the administration of justice...The situation deteriorated sharply during the 1980s under the presidency of the tyrannical Zia-ul Haq when there were many attacks on the Shia population.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Around+Rakaposhi&rft.pub=Brian+H+Jones&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780980810721&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Brian+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO7GPWbu8XKgC%26q%3Dgilgit%2Bshias%2B1988%2Bkilling%26pg%3DPT24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-143">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_143-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_143-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBroder1987" class="citation news cs1">Broder, Jonathan (10 November 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/1987/11/10/sectarian-strife-threatens-pakistans-fragile-society/">"Sectarian Strife Threatens Pakistan's Fragile Society"</a>. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 31 December 2016. <q>Pakistan`s first major Shiite-Sunni riots erupted in 1983 in Karachi during the Shiite holiday of Muharram; at least 60 people were killed. More Muharram disturbances followed over the next three years, spreading to Lahore and the Baluchistan region and leaving hundreds more dead. Last July, Sunnis and Shiites, many of them armed with locally made automatic weapons, clashed in the northwestern town of Parachinar, where at least 200 died.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Sectarian+Strife+Threatens+Pakistan%27s+Fragile+Society&rft.date=1987-11-10&rft.aulast=Broder&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2F1987%2F11%2F10%2Fsectarian-strife-threatens-pakistans-fragile-society%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2010" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Brian H. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O7GPWbu8XKgC&q=gilgit+shias+1988+killing&pg=PT24">Around Rakaposhi</a>. Brian H Jones. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780980810721" title="Special:BookSources/9780980810721"><bdi>9780980810721</bdi></a>. <q>Many Shias in the region feel that they have been discriminated against since 1948. They claim that the Pakistani government continually gives preferences to Sunnis in business, in official positions, and in the administration of justice...The situation deteriorated sharply during the 1980s under the presidency of the tyrannical Zia-ul Haq when there were many attacks on the Shia population. In one of the most notorious incidents, during May 1988 Sunni assailants destroyed Shia villages, forcing thousands of people to flee to Gilgit for refuge. Shia mosques were razed and about 100 people were killed</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Around+Rakaposhi&rft.pub=Brian+H+Jones&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780980810721&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Brian+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO7GPWbu8XKgC%26q%3Dgilgit%2Bshias%2B1988%2Bkilling%26pg%3DPT24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaman2003" class="citation news cs1">Raman, B (26 February 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/feb/26raman.htm">"The Karachi Attack: The Kashmir Link"</a>. Rediiff News. Retrieved 31 December 2016. <q>A revolt by the Shias of Gilgit was ruthlessly suppressed by the Zia-ul Haq regime in 1988, killing hundreds of Shias. An armed group of tribals from Afghanistan and the North-West Frontier Province, led by Osama bin Laden, was inducted by the Pakistan Army into Gilgit and adjoining areas to suppress the revolt.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rediiff+News&rft.atitle=The+Karachi+Attack%3A+The+Kashmir+Link&rft.date=2003-02-26&rft.aulast=Raman&rft.aufirst=B&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fnews%2F2003%2Ffeb%2F26raman.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaimur2016" class="citation news cs1">Taimur, Shamil (12 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://herald.dawn.com/news/1153556">"This Muharram, Gilgit gives peace a chance"</a>. Herald. Retrieved 31 December 2016. <q>This led to violent clashes between the two sects. In 1988, after a brief calm of nearly four days, the military regime allegedly used certain militants along with local Sunnis to 'teach a lesson' to Shias, which led to hundreds of Shias and Sunnis being killed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Herald&rft.atitle=This+Muharram%2C+Gilgit+gives+peace+a+chance&rft.date=2016-10-12&rft.aulast=Taimur&rft.aufirst=Shamil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fherald.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1153556&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:16-147"><a href="#cite_ref-:16_147-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PYquDAAAQBAJ&q=gilgit+shias+osama+bin+laden&pg=PA37">International Organizations and The Rise of ISIL: Global Responses to Human Security Threats</a>. Routledge. 2016. pp. 37–38. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781315536088" title="Special:BookSources/9781315536088"><bdi>9781315536088</bdi></a>. <q>Several hundred Shiite civilians in Gilgit, Pakistan, were massacred in 1988 by Osama Bin Laden and his Taliban fighters (Raman, 2004).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Organizations+and+The+Rise+of+ISIL%3A+Global+Responses+to+Human+Security+Threats&rft.pages=37-38&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781315536088&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPYquDAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dgilgit%2Bshias%2Bosama%2Bbin%2Bladen%26pg%3DPA37&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy2013" class="citation book cs1">Murphy, Eamon (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=19mPVOBZ_9YC&q=gilgit+shias+raped+1988&pg=PA134">The Making of Terrorism in Pakistan: Historical and Social Roots of Extremism</a>. Routledge. p. 134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415565264" title="Special:BookSources/9780415565264"><bdi>9780415565264</bdi></a>. <q>Shias in the district of Gilgit were assaulted, killed, and raped by an invading Sunni Lashkar-armed militia-comprising thousands of jihadis from the Northwest Frontier Province.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Terrorism+in+Pakistan%3A+Historical+and+Social+Roots+of+Extremism&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780415565264&rft.aulast=Murphy&rft.aufirst=Eamon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D19mPVOBZ_9YC%26q%3Dgilgit%2Bshias%2Braped%2B1988%26pg%3DPA134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-csmonitor.com-149">^ <a href="#cite_ref-csmonitor.com_149-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-csmonitor.com_149-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Christian_Science_Monitor2007" class="citation journal cs1">The Christian Science Monitor (2007-02-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2007/0202/p01s02-wosc.html">"Shiite-Sunni conflict rises in Pakistan"</a>. The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved 6 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Shiite-Sunni+conflict+rises+in+Pakistan&rft.date=2007-02-02&rft.au=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F2007%2F0202%2Fp01s02-wosc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pakistan's_Shia-Sunni_divide-150">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pakistan's_Shia-Sunni_divide_150-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pakistan's_Shia-Sunni_divide_150-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3045122.stm">"Pakistan's Shia-Sunni divide"</a>. BBC News. June 1, 2004.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Pakistan%27s+Shia-Sunni+divide&rft.date=2004-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F3045122.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc200703022-151"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc200703022_151-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSohail2007" class="citation news cs1">Sohail, Riaz (2 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/6367773.stm">"Hindus feel the heat in Pakistan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. Retrieved 22 February 2011. <q>But many Hindu families who stayed in Pakistan after partition have already lost faith and migrated to India.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Hindus+feel+the+heat+in+Pakistan&rft.date=2007-03-02&rft.aulast=Sohail&rft.aufirst=Riaz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fsouth_asia%2F6367773.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rizvi-152">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rizvi_152-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rizvi_152-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRizvi2015" class="citation news cs1">Rizvi, Uzair Hasan (10 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/news/1206092">"Hindu refugees from Pakistan encounter suspicion and indifference in India"</a>. Dawn.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=Hindu+refugees+from+Pakistan+encounter+suspicion+and+indifference+in+India&rft.date=2015-09-10&rft.aulast=Rizvi&rft.aufirst=Uzair+Hasan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1206092&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaider2014" class="citation news cs1">Haider, Irfan (13 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dawn.com/news/1105830">"5,000 Hindus migrating to India every year, NA told"</a>. Retrieved 2016-01-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=5%2C000+Hindus+migrating+to+India+every+year%2C+NA+told&rft.date=2014-05-13&rft.aulast=Haider&rft.aufirst=Irfan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1105830&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-154"><a href="#cite_ref-auto_154-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJavaid" class="citation web cs1">Javaid, Maham. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2014/08/forced-conversions-torment-pakistan-hindus-201481795524630505.html">"Forced conversions torment Pakistan's Hindus"</a>. www.aljazeera.com. 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Retrieved 21 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pak+Hindu+girl+rescued%2C+yet+to+return+to+family&rft.pub=Bennett%2C+Coleman+and+Co.+Ltd.&rft.date=2020-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fcity%2Fchandigarh%2Fpak-hindu-girl-rescued-yet-to-return-to-family%2Farticleshow%2F73452872.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/pakistan/pak-police-recover-minor-hindu-girl/articleshow/73462390.cms">"Pak police recover minor Hindu girl"</a>. Bennett, Coleman and Co. Ltd. 21 January 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pak+police+recover+minor+Hindu+girl&rft.pub=Bennett%2C+Coleman+and+Co.+Ltd.&rft.date=2020-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fworld%2Fpakistan%2Fpak-police-recover-minor-hindu-girl%2Farticleshow%2F73462390.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/pak-court-sends-15-yr-old-hindu-girl-to-women-protection-centre-after-forced-conversion-marriage-30519">"Pak court sends 15-yr-old Hindu girl to women protection centre after forced conversion, marriage"</a>. The Tribune. 23 January 2020. Retrieved 25 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tribune&rft.atitle=Pak+court+sends+15-yr-old+Hindu+girl+to+women+protection+centre+after+forced+conversion%2C+marriage&rft.date=2020-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2Fnews%2Fpak-court-sends-15-yr-old-hindu-girl-to-women-protection-centre-after-forced-conversion-marriage-30519&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.com/articleshow/73659948.cms">"Pak Hindu bride abducted, converted to Islam, forcibly married to Muslim man"</a>. Bennett, Coleman and Co. Ltd. 27 January 2020. Retrieved 27 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pak+Hindu+bride+abducted%2C+converted+to+Islam%2C+forcibly+married+to+Muslim+man&rft.pub=Bennett%2C+Coleman+and+Co.+Ltd.&rft.date=2020-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.com%2Farticleshow%2F73659948.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHuman+rights+in+Pakistan" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Pakistan&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mohr.gov.pk">Ministry of Human Rights</a> – (Government of Pakistan) Official website</li> <li><img alt="Public Domain" 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pakistan_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pakistan_topics" title="Template:Pakistan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pakistan_topics" title="Template talk:Pakistan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pakistan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pakistan_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="History" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistan" title="History of Pakistan">History</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_Stone_Age" title="South Asian Stone Age">Stone age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soanian" title="Soanian">Soanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranians" title="Indo-Iranians">Indo-Iranics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_period" title="Vedic period">Indo-Aryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greco-Bactrian_Kingdom" title="Greco-Bactrian Kingdom">Greco-Bactrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurya_Empire" title="Maurya Empire">Maurya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom" title="Indo-Greek Kingdom">Indo-Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhara" title="Gandhara">Gandhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Scythians" title="Indo-Scythians">Indo-Scythians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Parthian_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Parthian Kingdom">Indo-Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushan_Empire" title="Kushan Empire">Kushan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kushano-Sasanian_Kingdom" title="Kushano-Sasanian Kingdom">Indo-Sassanid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hephthalites" title="Hephthalites">Indo-Hephthalite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kambojas" title="Kambojas">Kambojas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rai_dynasty" title="Rai dynasty">Rai dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turk_Shahis" title="Turk Shahis">Shahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pala_Empire" title="Pala Empire">Pala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaulukya_dynasty" title="Chaulukya dynasty">Solanki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_al-Qasim" title="Muhammad ibn al-Qasim">Muhammad ibn al-Qasim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghaznavids" title="Ghaznavids">Ghaznavid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghurid_dynasty" title="Ghurid dynasty">Ghurid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_dynasty_(Delhi)" title="Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)">Mamluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalji_dynasty" title="Khalji dynasty">Khalji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tughlaq_dynasty" title="Tughlaq dynasty">Tughlaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_dynasty" title="Sayyid dynasty">Sayyid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodi_dynasty" title="Lodi dynasty">Lodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Pre-colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misl" class="mw-redirect" title="Misl">Sikh Confederacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="First Anglo-Afghan War">First Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Anglo-Sikh War">First Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Sikh_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Anglo-Sikh War">Second Anglo-Sikh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Colonial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_Raj" title="History of the British Raj">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Second Anglo-Afghan War">Second Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durand_Line" title="Durand Line">Durand Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aligarh_Movement" title="Aligarh Movement">Aligarh Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi%E2%80%93Urdu_controversy" title="Hindi–Urdu controversy">Hindi–Urdu controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Movement" title="Pakistan Movement">Pakistan Movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">Muslim League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-nation_theory_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-nation theory (Pakistan)">Two nation theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Points_of_Jinnah" title="Fourteen Points of Jinnah">Jinnah's 14 Points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Resolution" title="Lahore Resolution">Lahore Resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_Action_Day" title="Direct Action Day">Direct Action Day</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Independence_Act_1947" title="Indian Independence Act 1947">Independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Dominion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Pakistan" title="Dominion of Pakistan">Dominion of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Pakistan" title="Monarchy of Pakistan">Monarchy of Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Pakistan" title="Governor-General of Pakistan">Governor-General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_states_of_Pakistan" title="Princely states of Pakistan">Princely states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947%E2%80%931948" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948">1947 War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaquat%E2%80%93Nehru_Pact" title="Liaquat–Nehru Pact">Liaquat–Nehru Pact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baghdad_Pact" class="mw-redirect" title="Baghdad Pact">Baghdad Pact</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Republic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pakistan_(1947%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Pakistan (1947–present)">1947–present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus_Waters_Treaty" title="Indus Waters Treaty">Indus Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1965" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1965">1965 War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(1971)" title="Non-cooperation movement (1971)">1971 Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War" title="Bangladesh Liberation War">1971 War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project-706" title="Project-706">Project-706</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamization_in_Pakistan" title="Islamization in Pakistan">Islamisation</a></li> <li>Insurgencies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Balochistan" title="Insurgency in Balochistan">Balochistan insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Insurgency in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">KPK insurgency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kargil_War" title="Kargil War">Kargil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_Pakistani_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1999 Pakistani coup d'état">Liberalization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Pakistan" title="Geography of Pakistan">Geography</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Pakistan" title="List of beaches in Pakistan">Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deserts_of_Pakistan" title="List of deserts of Pakistan">Deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_glaciers_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of glaciers of Pakistan">Glaciers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Pakistan" title="List of islands of Pakistan">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Pakistan" title="List of lakes of Pakistan">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges_of_Pakistan" title="List of mountain ranges of Pakistan">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_passes#Pakistan" title="List of mountain passes">Passes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Pakistan" title="List of rivers of Pakistan">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topography_of_Pakistan" title="Topography of Pakistan">Topography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_valleys_in_Pakistan" title="List of valleys in Pakistan">Valleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of waterfalls of Pakistan">Waterfalls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ramsar_wetland_sites_in_Pakistan" title="List of Ramsar wetland sites in Pakistan">Wetlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Sea" title="Arabian Sea">Arabian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwatar_Bay" title="Gwatar Bay">Gwatar Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Gangetic_Plain" title="Indo-Gangetic Plain">Indus Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pothohar_Plateau" title="Pothohar Plateau">Pothohar Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Range" title="Salt Range">Salt Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sistan_Basin" title="Sistan Basin">Sistan Basin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Pakistan" title="Geology of Pakistan">Geology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coal_mines_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Coal mines in Pakistan">Coal fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_gas_fields_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Natural gas fields in Pakistan">Gas fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minerals_of_Pakistan" title="List of minerals of Pakistan">Minerals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Oil_fields_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Oil fields of Pakistan">Oil fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Pakistan" title="List of volcanoes in Pakistan">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_floods_in_Pakistan" title="List of floods in Pakistan">Floods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanical_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of botanical gardens in Pakistan">Botanical gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Pakistan" title="List of ecoregions in Pakistan">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Pakistan" title="Climate change in Pakistan">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Pakistan" title="Environmental issues in Pakistan">Environmental issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Pakistan" title="Forestry in Pakistan">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Pakistan" title="Protected areas of Pakistan">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Pakistan" title="List of national parks of Pakistan">national parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_game_reserves_of_Pakistan" title="List of game reserves of Pakistan">game reserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wildlife_sanctuaries_in_Pakistan" title="List of wildlife sanctuaries in Pakistan">sanctuaries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Pakistan" title="Wildlife of Pakistan">Wildlife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Pakistan" title="Flora of Pakistan">flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Pakistan" title="Fauna of Pakistan">fauna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zoos_in_Pakistan" title="List of zoos in Pakistan">Zoos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_sites_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological sites in Pakistan">Archaeological sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Pakistan" title="Template:Borders of Pakistan">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Pakistan" title="Climate of Pakistan">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_weather_records_in_Pakistan" title="List of extreme weather records in Pakistan">weather records</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Borders_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Borders of Pakistan">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_disasters_in_Pakistan" title="List of natural disasters in Pakistan">Natural disasters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Pakistan" title="List of earthquakes in Pakistan">earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_floods#Pakistan" title="List of floods">floods</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">Subdivisions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Pakistan" title="Districts of Pakistan">districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Pakistan">cities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Pakistan">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Governance" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Governance</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Pakistan" title="President of Pakistan">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Pakistan)" title="National Security Council (Pakistan)">National Security Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_Committee_on_National_Security_(Pakistan)" title="Cabinet Committee on National Security (Pakistan)">C2NS</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Command_Authority_(Pakistan)" title="National Command Authority (Pakistan)">NCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">National government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Pakistan" title="Cabinet of Pakistan">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan" title="Prime Minister of Pakistan">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_provincial_governments_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of provincial governments of Pakistan">Provincial governments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Pakistani_governors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current Pakistani governors">Governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_Pakistani_chief_ministers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current Pakistani chief ministers">Chief Ministers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Pakistan" title="Local government in Pakistan">Local government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_councils_of_Pakistan" title="Union councils of Pakistan">Union councils</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Parliament (Majlis-e-Shoora)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Senate of Pakistan">Senate (upper house)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Senate_of_Pakistan" title="Chairman of the Senate of Pakistan">Chairman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="National Assembly of Pakistan">National Assembly (lower house)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Pakistan" title="Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan">Speaker</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Provincial_Assemblies_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Provincial Assemblies of Pakistan">Provincial assemblies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Pakistan" title="Judiciary of Pakistan">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Judicial_Council_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Judicial Council of Pakistan">Supreme Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Pakistan" title="Supreme Court of Pakistan">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_Pakistan" title="Chief Justice of Pakistan">Chief Justice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Shariat_Court" title="Federal Shariat Court">Federal Shariat Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Courts_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="High Courts of Pakistan">High Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_Courts_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="District Courts of Pakistan">District Courts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Pakistan" title="Politics of Pakistan">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Pakistan" title="Elections in Pakistan">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Pakistan" title="Foreign relations of Pakistan">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism_in_Pakistan" title="Feudalism in Pakistan">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Pakistan" title="List of political parties in Pakistan">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_coups_in_Pakistan" title="Military coups in Pakistan">Martial law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Pakistan" title="Law of Pakistan">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Pakistan" title="Constitution of Pakistan">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Framework_Order,_2002" title="Legal Framework Order, 2002">LFO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Penal_Code" title="Pakistan Penal Code">PPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Protection_Bill" title="Women's Protection Bill">WPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Constitutional_Order" title="Provisional Constitutional Order">PCO</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enforced_disappearances_in_Pakistan" title="Enforced disappearances in Pakistan">Enforced disappearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Pakistan">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Pakistan" title="Law enforcement in Pakistan">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Pakistan" title="Law enforcement in Pakistan">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter_Terrorism_Department_(Pakistan)" title="Counter Terrorism Department (Pakistan)">Counter Terrorism Department (CTD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_Intelligence_community" title="Pakistani Intelligence community">Pakistani Intelligence community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Pakistan" title="Capital punishment in Pakistan">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Pakistan" title="Terrorism in Pakistan">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Pakistan" title="Military history of Pakistan">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Navy" title="Pakistan Navy">Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Marines" title="Pakistan Marines">Marines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Air_Force" title="Pakistan Air Force">Air force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Armed_Forces" title="Civil Armed Forces">Civil Armed Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Economy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Pakistan" title="Economy of Pakistan">Economy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Pakistan" title="Electricity sector in Pakistan">Electricity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Pakistan#Thermal" title="List of power stations in Pakistan">Thermal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Pakistan#Hydroelectricity" title="List of power stations in Pakistan">Hydro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Pakistan" title="Nuclear power in Pakistan">Nuclear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Pakistan" title="Solar power in Pakistan">Solar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power_in_Pakistan" title="Wind power in Pakistan">Wind</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_aid_to_Pakistan" title="Foreign aid to Pakistan">Foreign aid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Petroleum industry in Pakistan">Fuel extraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Pakistan" title="Housing in Pakistan">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planning_Commission_(Pakistan)" title="Planning Commission (Pakistan)">Planning Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Post" title="Pakistan Post">Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Pakistan" title="Poverty in Pakistan">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Pakistan" title="List of tallest buildings in Pakistan">Tallest buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Pakistan" title="Telecommunications in Pakistan">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Pakistan" title="Transport in Pakistan">Transportation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bridges_in_Pakistan" title="List of bridges in Pakistan">Bridges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_resources_management_in_Pakistan" title="Water resources management in Pakistan">Water management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Pakistan" title="Water supply and sanitation in Pakistan">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Pakistan" title="Industry of Pakistan">Industry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Aeronautical_Complex" title="Pakistan Aeronautical Complex">Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Pakistan" title="Agriculture in Pakistan">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_industry_of_Pakistan" title="Defence industry of Pakistan">Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Automotive industry in Pakistan">Automotive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Fishing in Pakistan">Fishery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Pakistan" title="Forestry in Pakistan">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry_in_Pakistan" title="Animal husbandry in Pakistan">Husbandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_in_Pakistan" title="Labour in Pakistan">Labour</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Pakistan" title="Child labour in Pakistan">Child</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Pakistan" title="Mass media in Pakistan">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Pakistan" title="Mining in Pakistan">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Pharmaceutical industry in Pakistan">Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textile_industry_in_Pakistan" title="Textile industry in Pakistan">Textiles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silk_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Silk in the Indian subcontinent">Silk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Pakistan" title="Tourism in Pakistan">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commerce</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Pakistan" title="Banking in Pakistan">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Pakistan" title="List of banks in Pakistan">Banks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Pakistan" title="List of companies of Pakistan">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Investment_(Pakistan)" title="Board of Investment (Pakistan)">Investment board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_rupee" title="Pakistani rupee">Rupee (currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Securities_%26_Exchange_Commission_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Securities & Exchange Commission of Pakistan">Securities & Exchange Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stock exchanges">Stock markets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trading_Corporation_of_Pakistan" title="Trading Corporation of Pakistan">Trading Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Policy programmes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_sector_of_Pakistan" title="Corporate sector of Pakistan">Corporatisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Pakistan" title="Economy of Pakistan">Directive investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan#Economy" title="Pakistan">Industrialisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauji_Foundation" title="Fauji Foundation">Military economisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalisation_in_Pakistan" title="Nationalisation in Pakistan">Nationalisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatisation_in_Pakistan" title="Privatisation in Pakistan">Privatisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yousaf_Raza_Gillani#Financial_and_economic_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Yousaf Raza Gillani">Public-private partnering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_economics_in_the_world#Contemporary_economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic economics in the world">Redundant Islamic economisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Society_and_Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Pakistan">Society and Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Pakistan" title="Category:Society of Pakistan">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurat_March" title="Aurat March">Aurat March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_heritage_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="British heritage of Pakistan">British heritage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Pakistan" title="Crime in Pakistan">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Pakistan" title="Culture of Pakistan">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_Pakistan" title="Divorce in Pakistan">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan" title="Education in Pakistan">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_educational_institutions_in_Pakistan" title="Lists of educational institutions in Pakistan">Institutions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism_in_Pakistan" title="Feudalism in Pakistan">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Pakistan" title="Feminism in Pakistan">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Pakistan" title="Women in Pakistan">Gender discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Pakistan" title="Healthcare in Pakistan">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Pakistan" title="List of hospitals in Pakistan">Hospitals</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Pakistan">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_Pakistan" title="Marriage in Pakistan">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Pakistan" title="Mass media in Pakistan">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Me_Too_movement_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Me Too movement (Pakistan)">Me Too</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_name" title="Pakistani name">Naming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistanis" title="Pakistanis">Pakistanis</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistanis" title="List of Pakistanis">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Pakistan" title="Prostitution in Pakistan">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Pakistan" title="Religion in Pakistan">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Pakistan" title="Time in Pakistan">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbanisation_in_Pakistan" title="Urbanisation in Pakistan">Urbanisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Pakistan" title="Women in Pakistan">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Pakistan" title="Demographics of Pakistan">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Overseas_Pakistani" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas Pakistani">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Pakistan" title="Ethnic groups in Pakistan">Ethnicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Pakistan" title="Immigration to Pakistan">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Pakistan" title="Languages of Pakistan">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_Pakistan" title="Youth in Pakistan">Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_architecture" title="Pakistani architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Pakistan" title="Cinema of Pakistan">Cinema</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Pakistani_films" title="Lists of Pakistani films">Films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dance_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Dance in Pakistan">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Pakistan" title="List of festivals in Pakistan">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_folklore" title="Pakistani folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_literature" title="Pakistani literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mushaira" title="Mushaira">Mushaira</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Pakistan" title="Music of Pakistan">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_philosophy" title="Pakistani philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textiles_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Textiles of Pakistan">Textiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Pakistan" title="Theatre of Pakistan">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lifestyle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_clothing" title="Pakistani clothing">Clothing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shalwar_kameez" title="Shalwar kameez">Shalwar kameez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mehndi" title="Mehndi">Mehndi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_cuisine" title="Pakistani cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Pakistan" title="Etiquette in Pakistan">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_law_in_Pakistan" title="Gun law in Pakistan">Gun culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationalism" title="Pakistani nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_flags" title="List of Pakistani flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Pakistan" title="Public holidays in Pakistan">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_about_Pakistan" title="List of songs about Pakistan">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Pakistan" title="National symbols of Pakistan">Symbols</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Pakistan" title="Sport in Pakistan">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Athletics_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Athletics in Pakistan">Athletics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Baseball_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Baseball in Pakistan">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Boxing_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Boxing in Pakistan">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_in_Pakistan" title="Cricket in Pakistan">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cycle_racing_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Cycle racing in Pakistan">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Hockey_Federation" title="Pakistan Hockey Federation">Field hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Pakistan" title="Football in Pakistan">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillidanda" title="Gillidanda">Gillidanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Golf_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Golf in Pakistan">Golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" title="Kabaddi">Kabaddi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Motorsport_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Motorsport in Pakistan">Motorsport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahore_Marathon" title="Lahore Marathon">Marathon (Lahore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_Olympics" title="Pakistan at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_at_the_Paralympics" title="Pakistan at the Paralympics">Paralympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Polo_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Polo in Pakistan">Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rugby_union_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Rugby union in Pakistan">Rugby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squash_in_Pakistan" title="Squash in Pakistan">Squash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Swimming_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Swimming in Pakistan">Swimming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tennis_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Tennis in Pakistan">Tennis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanical_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of botanical gardens in Pakistan">Botanical gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cemeteries_in_Pakistan" title="List of cemeteries in Pakistan">Cemeteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Pakistan" title="List of churches in Pakistan">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_forts_in_Pakistan" title="List of forts in Pakistan">Forts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gurdwaras#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Gurdwaras">Gurdwaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_temples_in_Pakistan" title="List of Hindu temples in Pakistan">Hindu temples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libraries_in_Pakistan" title="List of libraries in Pakistan">Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mausolea_and_shrines_in_Pakistan" title="List of mausolea and shrines in Pakistan">Mausolea and shrines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mosques_in_Pakistan" title="List of mosques in Pakistan">Mosques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Pakistan" title="List of museums in Pakistan">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_and_gardens_in_Pakistan" title="List of parks and gardens in Pakistan">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stadiums#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of stadiums">Stadiums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Pakistan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Pakistan">World Heritage Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_zoos_in_Pakistan" title="List of zoos in Pakistan">Zoos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Pakistan" title="Outline of Pakistan">Basic topics</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Pakistan" title="Category:Pakistan">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Pakistan" title="Portal:Pakistan">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Socio-economic_issues_in_Pakistan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Social_issues_in_Pakistan" title="Template:Social issues in Pakistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Social_issues_in_Pakistan" title="Template talk:Social issues in Pakistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Social_issues_in_Pakistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Social issues in Pakistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Socio-economic_issues_in_Pakistan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Socio-economic issues in <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Pakistan" title="Economy of Pakistan">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_Pakistan" title="Standard of living in Pakistan">Standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Pakistan" title="Poverty in Pakistan">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_slums_in_Pakistan" title="List of slums in Pakistan">Slums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Pakistan" title="Transport in Pakistan">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications in Pakistan">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brain_drain#Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Brain drain">Brain drain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_force_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour force of Pakistan">Labour force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Remittance_Initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan Remittance Initiative">Pakistan Remittance Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_brain_drain#Pakistan" title="Reverse brain drain">Reverse brain drain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensions_in_Pakistan" title="Pensions in Pakistan">Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urbanisation_in_Pakistan" title="Urbanisation in Pakistan">Urbanisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Pakistan" title="Healthcare in Pakistan">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Pakistan" title="HIV/AIDS in Pakistan">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malnutrition_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Malnutrition in Pakistan">Malnutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_in_Pakistan" title="Obesity in Pakistan">Obesity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polio_in_Pakistan" title="Polio in Pakistan">Polio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Pakistan" title="Smoking in Pakistan">Smoking</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan" title="Education in Pakistan">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_Pakistan" title="Literacy in Pakistan">Literacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_corporal_punishment#Pakistan" title="School corporal punishment">School corporal punishment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_planning_in_Pakistan" title="Family planning in Pakistan">Family planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Abortion in Pakistan">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion" title="Sex-selective abortion">Sex-selective abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complex_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Complex family">Complex family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_family" title="Nuclear family">Nuclear family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowry" title="Dowry">Dowry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divorce#Islam" title="Divorce">Divorce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygamy_in_Pakistan" title="Polygamy in Pakistan">Polygamy in Pakistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Children</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Street_children#Pakistan" title="Street children">Street children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour_in_Pakistan" title="Child labour in Pakistan">Child labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_marriage#Pakistan" title="Child marriage">Child marriage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swara_(custom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Swara (custom)">Swara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vani_(custom)" title="Vani (custom)">Vani</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_prostitution#Asia" title="Child prostitution">Child prostitution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Pakistan" title="Women in Pakistan">Women</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acid_attack" title="Acid attack">Acid attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bride_burning" title="Bride burning">Bride burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowry_death" title="Dowry death">Dowry death</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve_teasing" title="Eve teasing">Eve teasing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honour_killing_in_Pakistan" title="Honour killing in Pakistan">Honour killing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan_honour_killings" class="mw-redirect" title="Balochistan honour killings">Balochistan honour killings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudood_Ordinance" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudood Ordinance">Hudood Ordinance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karo-kari" class="mw-redirect" title="Karo-kari">Karo-kari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_in_Pakistan" title="Pornography in Pakistan">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Pakistan" title="Prostitution in Pakistan">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rape_in_Pakistan" title="Rape in Pakistan">Rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women_in_Pakistan" title="Violence against women in Pakistan">Violence against women in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watta_satta" title="Watta satta">Watta satta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's rights in Pakistan">Women's rights in Pakistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caste system</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caste_system_among_South_Asian_Muslims" title="Caste system among South Asian Muslims">Caste system among South Asian Muslims</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(South_Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (South Asia)">Communalism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Balochistan" title="Insurgency in Balochistan">Insurgency in Balochistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazarewal" title="Hazarewal">Hazarewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinnahpur" title="Jinnahpur">Jinnahpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunistan" title="Pashtunistan">Pashtunistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarian_violence_in_Pakistan" title="Sectarian violence in Pakistan">Sectarian violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Separatism_in_Pakistan" title="Category:Separatism in Pakistan">Secessionist movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_in_Pakistan" title="Religious discrimination in Pakistan">Religious discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhudesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Sindhudesh">Sindhudesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Pakistan" title="Freedom of religion in Pakistan">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_of_Hinduism_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Decline of Hinduism in Pakistan">Decline of Hinduism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Pakistan" title="Crime in Pakistan">Crime</a> and terrorism</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_Pakistan" title="Terrorism in Pakistan">Terrorism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents_in_Pakistan_since_2001" title="List of terrorist incidents in Pakistan since 2001">List of terrorist incidents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Pakistan" title="Corruption in Pakistan">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Pakistan" title="Human trafficking in Pakistan">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal immigration to Pakistan">Illegal immigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghans_in_Pakistan" title="Afghans in Pakistan">Afghan refugees</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organised_crime_in_Pakistan" title="Organised crime in Pakistan">Organised crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan%27s_role_in_the_War_on_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistan's role in the War on Terror">War on Terror</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Pakistan" title="Environmental issues in Pakistan">Environmental issues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_global_warming_on_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Effects of global warming on Pakistan">Effects of global warming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_natural_disasters_in_Pakistan" title="List of natural disasters in Pakistan">Natural disasters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Pakistan" title="Water supply and sanitation in Pakistan">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in Pakistan">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Pakistan" title="Censorship in Pakistan">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Pakistan" title="Internet censorship in Pakistan">Internet censorship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Pakistan" title="Democracy in Pakistan">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence_in_Pakistan" title="Domestic violence in Pakistan">Domestic violence in Pakistan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Pakistan">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hijra_(South_Asia)" title="Hijra (South Asia)">Hijra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suicide_in_Pakistan" title="Suicide in Pakistan">Suicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Pakistan" title="Gambling in Pakistan">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition#Pakistan" title="Prohibition">Alcohol prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feudalism_in_Pakistan" title="Feudalism in Pakistan">Feudalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_Pakistan" title="Secularism in Pakistan">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Police brutality in Pakistan">Police brutality</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Human_rights_in_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human_rights_in_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Asia" title="Human rights in Asia">Human rights in Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Afghanistan" title="Human rights in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Armenia" title="Human rights in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Azerbaijan" title="Human rights in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Bahrain" title="Human rights in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Bangladesh" title="Human rights in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Bhutan" title="Human rights in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Brunei" title="Human rights in Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Cambodia" title="Human rights in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_China" title="Human rights in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Cyprus" title="Human rights in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_East_Timor" title="Human rights in East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Egypt" title="Human rights in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_India" title="Human rights in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Indonesia" title="Human rights in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Iran" title="Human rights in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Iraq" title="Human rights in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Israel" title="Human rights in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Japan" title="Human rights in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Jordan" title="Human rights in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Kazakhstan" title="Human rights in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_North_Korea" title="Human rights in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_South_Korea" title="Human rights in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Kuwait" title="Human rights in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="Human rights in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Laos" title="Human rights in Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Lebanon" title="Human rights in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Malaysia" title="Human rights in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Maldives" title="Human rights in the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Mongolia" title="Human rights in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Myanmar" title="Human rights in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Nepal" title="Human rights in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Oman" title="Human rights in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Philippines" title="Human rights in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Qatar" title="Human rights in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Russia" title="Human rights in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Human rights in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Singapore" title="Human rights in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Human rights in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Syria" title="Human rights in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Tajikistan" title="Human rights in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Thailand" title="Human rights in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Turkey" title="Human rights in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Turkmenistan" title="Human rights in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Human rights in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Uzbekistan" title="Human rights in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Vietnam" title="Human rights in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Yemen" title="Human rights in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Abkhazia" title="Human rights in Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Human rights in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Human rights in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_South_Ossetia" title="Human rights in South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Taiwan" title="Human rights in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_Christmas_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in Christmas Island (page does not exist)">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Human_rights_in_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Human rights in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Hong_Kong" title="Human rights in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Macau" title="Human rights in Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Human_rights_in_the_Middle_East" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Human_rights_in_the_Middle_East" title="Template:Human rights in the Middle East"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human_rights_in_the_Middle_East" title="Template talk:Human rights in the Middle East"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human_rights_in_the_Middle_East" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human rights in the Middle East"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Human_rights_in_the_Middle_East" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Middle_East" title="Human rights in the Middle East">Human rights in the Middle East</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Bahrain" title="Human rights in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Cyprus" title="Human rights in Cyprus">Cyprus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Northern_Cyprus" title="Human rights in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Egypt" title="Human rights in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Iran" title="Human rights in Iran">Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Imperial_State_of_Iran" title="Human rights in the Imperial State of Iran">Pahlavi Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran" title="Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran">Islamic Iran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Iraq" title="Human rights in Iraq">Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_pre-Saddam_Iraq" title="Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq">Pre-Saddam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Human rights in Ba'athist Iraq">Ba'ath era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_post-invasion_Iraq" title="Human rights in post-invasion Iraq">Post-Saddam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Kurdistan_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights in Kurdistan Region">Iraqi Kurdistan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Israel" title="Human rights in Israel">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_against_Palestinians_by_Israel" title="Human rights violations against Palestinians by Israel">Palestinians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Jordan" title="Human rights in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Kuwait" title="Human rights in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Lebanon" title="Human rights in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Oman" title="Human rights in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Human rights in the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Qatar" title="Human rights in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Human rights in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Syria" title="Human rights in Syria">Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Rojava" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights in Rojava">Rojava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_during_the_Syrian_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war">Syrian civil war</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Turkey" title="Human rights in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Human rights in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Dubai" title="Human rights in Dubai">Dubai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Yemen" title="Human rights in Yemen">Yemen</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war_(2014%E2%80%93present)" title="War crimes in the Yemeni civil war (2014–present)">Yemeni civil war</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Academic_freedom_in_the_Middle_East" title="Academic freedom in the Middle East">Academic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbitrary_arrest_and_detention" title="Arbitrary arrest and detention">Arbitrary arrest and detention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_Middle_East" title="Capital punishment in the Middle East">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">Crimes against humanity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruel,_inhuman,_or_degrading_treatment" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment">Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_the_Middle_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Democracy in the Middle East">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_the_Middle_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of religion in the Middle East">Freedom of religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_Middle_East" title="Irreligion in the Middle East">Irreligion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_right_to_water_and_sanitation" title="Human right to water and sanitation">Human right to water and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_the_Middle_East" title="Human trafficking in the Middle East">Human trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafala_system" title="Kafala system">Kafala system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Middle_East" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Middle East">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">Murder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_Middle_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism in the Middle East">Racism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Arab_world" title="Antisemitism in the Arab world">Antisemitism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_a_fair_trial" title="Right to a fair trial">Right to a fair trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_development" title="Right to development">Right to development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_health" title="Right to health">Right to health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Arab_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Women in Arab societies">Status of women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">Torture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_first_women%27s_suffrage_in_majority-Muslim_countries" title="Timeline of first women's suffrage in majority-Muslim countries">Women's suffrage, timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_anti_male-guardianship_campaign" title="Saudi anti male-guardianship campaign">Male guardianship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-governmental organisation">NGOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pan-Arab" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pan-Arab</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabic_Network_for_Human_Rights_Information" title="Arabic Network for Human Rights Information">Arabic Network for Human Rights Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Commission_for_Human_Rights" title="Arab Commission for Human Rights">Arab Commission for Human Rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_Human_Rights_Project" title="Kurdish Human Rights Project">Kurdish Human Rights Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Initiative_for_Personal_Rights" title="Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights">Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defenders_of_Human_Rights_Center" title="Defenders of Human Rights Center">Defenders of Human Rights Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Mezan_Center_for_Human_Rights" title="Al Mezan Center for Human Rights">Al Mezan Center for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_Najdeh" title="Association Najdeh">Association Najdeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Marsad" title="Al-Marsad">al-Marsad</a></li> <li>Saudi Arabia: <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_First_Society" title="Human Rights First Society">HRFS (founded 2002)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_for_the_Protection_and_Defense_of_Women%27s_Rights_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Association for the Protection and Defense of Women's Rights in Saudi Arabia">APDWRSA (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Civil_and_Political_Rights_Association" title="Saudi Civil and Political Rights Association">ACPRA (2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_Development_and_Change" title="Society for Development and Change">SDC (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Saudi_Organisation_for_Human_Rights" title="European Saudi Organisation for Human Rights">ESOHR (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALQST" title="ALQST">ALQST (2014)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government-organized_non-governmental_organization" title="Government-organized non-governmental organization">GONGOs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Saudi Arabia: <a href="/wiki/National_Society_for_Human_Rights" title="National Society for Human Rights">NSHR (2004)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Collective_punishment" title="Collective punishment">Collective punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_humanitarian_crisis_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present)">Humanitarian crisis in Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Asia" title="Human rights in Asia">Human rights in Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Muslim-majority_countries" title="Human rights in Muslim-majority countries">Human rights in Muslim-majority countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_violations_against_Palestinians_by_Israel" title="Human rights violations against Palestinians by Israel">Human rights violations against Palestinians by Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_and_apartheid" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel and apartheid">Israel and apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Association_of_Victims_of_Grave_Human_Rights_Violations_Committed_by_the_Moroccan_State" title="Sahrawi Association of Victims of Grave Human Rights Violations Committed by the Moroccan State">Sahrawi Association of Victims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_Marocaine_des_Droits_Humaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Association Marocaine des Droits Humaine">Association Marocaine des Droits Humaine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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