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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E9%A2%A8%E9%9A%AA&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh-hans" title="我们推荐您登录，但这不是强制性的[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" lang="zh-Hans" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="有关本IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="zh-Hans" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">相对风险</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="zh-Hans" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。24种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%B1_%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="خطر نسبي – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خطر نسبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Адносіны рызык – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Адносіны рызык" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risc_relatiu" title="Risc relatiu – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Risc relatiu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativ_risiko" title="Relativ risiko – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Relativ risiko" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relatives_Risiko" title="Relatives Risiko – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Relatives Risiko" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%87%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Σχετικός κίνδυνος – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σχετικός κίνδυνος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relative_risk" title="Relative risk – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Relative risk" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riesgo_relativo" title="Riesgo relativo – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Riesgo relativo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risque_relatif" title="Risque relatif – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Risque relatif" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%99%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%99" title="סיכון יחסי – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סיכון יחסי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relat%C3%ADv_kock%C3%A1zat" title="Relatív kockázat – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Relatív kockázat" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rischio_relativo" title="Rischio relativo – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rischio relativo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%BE%E5%8D%B1%E9%99%BA%E5%BA%A6" title="相対危険度 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="相対危険度" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%81%EB%8C%80%EC%9C%84%ED%97%98%EB%8F%84" title="상대위험도 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="상대위험도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santykin%C4%97_rizika" title="Santykinė rizika – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Santykinė rizika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relatief_risico" title="Relatief risico – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Relatief risico" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativ_risiko" title="Relativ risiko – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Relativ risiko" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryzyko_wzgl%C4%99dne" title="Ryzyko względne – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ryzyko względne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risco_relativo" title="Risco relativo – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Risco relativo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA" title="Относительный риск – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Относительный риск" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B9%8C" title="ความเสี่ยงสัมพัทธ์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความเสี่ยงสัมพัทธ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6receli_risk" title="Göreceli risk – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Göreceli risk" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Відносний ризик – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Відносний ризик" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%E1%BB%B7_s%E1%BB%91_nguy_c%C6%A1" title="Tỷ số nguy cơ – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tỷ số nguy cơ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2142611#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" lang="zh-Hans" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E9%A2%A8%E9%9A%AA" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E9%A2%A8%E9%9A%AA" rel="discussion" title="有关内容页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " lang="zh-Hans" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">简体</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" lang="zh-Hans" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E9%A2%A8%E9%9A%AA" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="selected ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E9%A2%A8%E9%9A%AA" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E9%A2%A8%E9%9A%AA" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E9%A2%A8%E9%9A%AA" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E9%A2%A8%E9%9A%AA" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E9%A2%A8%E9%9A%AA" lang="zh-Hant-MO" 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data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub" lang="zh-Hans" dir="ltr"><div id="mw-content-subtitle" lang="zh-Hans" dir="ltr"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh-Hans" dir="ltr"><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%97%85" title="流行病">流行病</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E8%A8%88%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="统计学">统计学</a>中，<b>相对风险</b>（relative risk）是指在暴露在某条件下，一个（产生疾病的）事件的发生<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%A8%E9%9A%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="风险">风险</a>。相对风险概念即是指一暴露群体与未暴露群体发生某事件的比值。若将暴露群体写成pE、未暴露群体写成pN，则算式如下 </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle RR={\frac {p_{\text{E}}}{p_{\text{N}}}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>E</mtext> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>p</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mtext>N</mtext> </mrow> </msub> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle RR={\frac {p_{\text{E}}}{p_{\text{N}}}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4904d836ef32a613e54dd67a9cabfb10438f294a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.338ex; width:10.097ex; height:5.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle RR={\frac {p_{\text{E}}}{p_{\text{N}}}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>举例来说，在吸烟者中发生<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%8C%E7%97%87" title="癌症">癌症</a>的机率是20%，而在非吸烟者中发生癌症的机率是1%。我们将这样的描述做成一个2x2的表格如下: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>风险</th> <th>得癌症</th> <th>未得癌症 </th></tr> <tr> <td>吸烟者</td> <td>a</td> <td>b </td></tr> <tr> <td>非吸烟者</td> <td>c</td> <td>d </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>如表格，a=20，b=80，c=1，d=99，所以依照公式:<span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle RR={\frac {a/(a+b)}{c/(c+d)}}={\frac {20/100}{1/100}}=20.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>R</mi> <mi>R</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>a</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>c</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>20</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>100</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>100</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mn>20.</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle RR={\frac {a/(a+b)}{c/(c+d)}}={\frac {20/100}{1/100}}=20.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/83680ec69008e5ef57820821edbb296466a9542b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.671ex; width:33.711ex; height:6.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle RR={\frac {a/(a+b)}{c/(c+d)}}={\frac {20/100}{1/100}}=20.}"></span> </p><p>因此我们得知，抽烟者得癌症的相对风险是非抽烟者的20倍。换言之，抽烟者得癌症的机率是非抽烟者的20倍。 </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="zh-Hans" dir="ltr">检索自“<a dir="ltr" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=相對風險&oldid=67641490">https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=相對風險&oldid=67641490</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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