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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Damage to the stomach lining due to severe burns</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical condition</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-medical-condition"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Curling's ulcer</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data">Curling ulcer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/General_surgery" title="General surgery">General surgery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gastroenterology" title="Gastroenterology">Gastroenterology</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Curling's ulcer</b> is an acute <a href="/wiki/Gastric_erosion" title="Gastric erosion">gastric erosion</a> resulting as a complication from severe burns when reduced <a href="/wiki/Blood_plasma" title="Blood plasma">plasma</a> volume leads to <a href="/wiki/Ischemia" title="Ischemia">ischemia</a> and cell <a href="/wiki/Necrosis" title="Necrosis">necrosis</a> (sloughing) of the <a href="/wiki/Gastric_mucosa" title="Gastric mucosa">gastric mucosa</a>. The condition was first described in 1823 and named after <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Blizard_Curling" title="Thomas Blizard Curling">Thomas Blizard Curling</a>, who observed ten such cases in 1842.<sup id="cite_ref-Pruitt_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pruitt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These <a href="/wiki/Stress_ulcer" title="Stress ulcer">stress ulcers</a> (actually shallow multiple erosions) were once a common complication of serious burns, presenting in over 10% of cases,<sup id="cite_ref-Pruitt_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pruitt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and especially common in child burn victims.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They result in perforation and <a href="/wiki/Hemorrhage" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemorrhage">hemorrhage</a> more often than other forms of intestinal ulceration<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and had correspondingly high mortality rates (at least 80%).<sup id="cite_ref-Pruitt_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pruitt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treatment">Treatment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling%27s_ulcer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Treatment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While emergency surgery was once the only treatment, combination therapies including <a href="/wiki/Feeding_tube" title="Feeding tube">enteral feeding</a> with powerful antacids such as <a href="/wiki/H2-receptor_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="H2-receptor antagonist">H<sub>2</sub>-receptor antagonists</a> or, more recently, <a href="/wiki/Proton_pump_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Proton pump inhibitors">proton pump inhibitors</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Omeprazole" title="Omeprazole">omeprazole</a> have made Curling's ulcer a rare complication.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling%27s_ulcer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cushing_ulcer" title="Cushing ulcer">Cushing ulcer</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curling%27s_ulcer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Pruitt-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pruitt_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pruitt_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pruitt_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPruitt,_Basil_A._Jr.F.D._FoleyJohn_A._Moncrief1970" class="citation journal cs1">Pruitt, Basil A. Jr.; F.D. Foley & John A. Moncrief (October 1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1397279">"Curling's ulcer: a clinical-pathology study of 323 cases"</a>. <i>Annals of Surgery</i>. <b>172</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">523–</span>39. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00000658-197010000-00001">10.1097/00000658-197010000-00001</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1397279">1397279</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5311720">5311720</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Surgery&rft.atitle=Curling%27s+ulcer%3A+a+clinical-pathology+study+of+323+cases&rft.volume=172&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E523-%3C%2Fspan%3E39&rft.date=1970-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1397279%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5311720&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F00000658-197010000-00001&rft.au=Pruitt%2C+Basil+A.+Jr.&rft.au=F.D.+Foley&rft.au=John+A.+Moncrief&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1397279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling%27s+ulcer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurling,_T._B.1842" class="citation journal cs1">Curling, T. B. (1842). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=ien.35558002113609;view=1up;seq=296">"On acute ulceration of the duodenum, in cases of burn"</a>. <i>Medico-Chirurgical Transactions</i>. <b>25</b>: <span class="nowrap">260–</span>281.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medico-Chirurgical+Transactions&rft.atitle=On+acute+ulceration+of+the+duodenum%2C+in+cases+of+burn&rft.volume=25&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E260-%3C%2Fspan%3E281&rft.date=1842&rft.au=Curling%2C+T.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dien.35558002113609%3Bview%3D1up%3Bseq%3D296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling%27s+ulcer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruck,_H.M.Basil_A._Pruitt_Jr.1972" class="citation journal cs1">Bruck, H.M.; Basil A. Pruitt Jr. (June 1972). "Curling's ulcer in children: a 12-year review of 63 cases". <i>Journal of Trauma</i>. <b>12</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">490–</span>6. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1097%2F00005373-197206000-00006">10.1097/00005373-197206000-00006</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5033495">5033495</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Trauma&rft.atitle=Curling%27s+ulcer+in+children%3A+a+12-year+review+of+63+cases&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E490-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.date=1972-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1097%2F00005373-197206000-00006&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5033495&rft.au=Bruck%2C+H.M.&rft.au=Basil+A.+Pruitt+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling%27s+ulcer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLev_R.KleinEnnisSherlock1973" class="citation journal cs1">Lev R.; Klein, Martin S.; Ennis, Frank; Sherlock, Paul; Winawer, Sidney J. (December 1973). "Letter: Stress erosions". <i>Am J Dig Dis</i>. <b>18</b> (12): <span class="nowrap">1099–</span>100. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF01076530">10.1007/BF01076530</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4543410">4543410</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Am+J+Dig+Dis&rft.atitle=Letter%3A+Stress+erosions&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1099-%3C%2Fspan%3E100&rft.date=1973-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF01076530&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4543410&rft.au=Lev+R.&rft.au=Klein%2C+Martin+S.&rft.au=Ennis%2C+Frank&rft.au=Sherlock%2C+Paul&rft.au=Winawer%2C+Sidney+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling%27s+ulcer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPedro-Pons1968" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pedro-Pons, Agustín (1968). <i>Patología y Clínica Médicas</i> (in Spanish). Vol. 6 (3rd ed.). Barcelona: Salvat. p. 1198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-345-1106-1" title="Special:BookSources/84-345-1106-1"><bdi>84-345-1106-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Patolog%C3%ADa+y+Cl%C3%ADnica+M%C3%A9dicas&rft.place=Barcelona&rft.pages=1198&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Salvat&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=84-345-1106-1&rft.aulast=Pedro-Pons&rft.aufirst=Agust%C3%ADn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling%27s+ulcer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoranO'ReillyMunster1987" class="citation journal cs1">Moran KT, O'Reilly T, Munster AM (October 1987). "A combined regimen for the prophylaxis of Curling's ulcer". <i>Am Surg</i>. <b>53</b> (10): <span class="nowrap">575–</span>6. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2890321">2890321</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Am+Surg&rft.atitle=A+combined+regimen+for+the+prophylaxis+of+Curling%27s+ulcer&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E575-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.date=1987-10&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2890321&rft.aulast=Moran&rft.aufirst=KT&rft.au=O%27Reilly%2C+T&rft.au=Munster%2C+AM&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurling%27s+ulcer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5194855" class="extiw" title="d:Q5194855">D</a></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D004381">D004381</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Diseases_Database" title="Diseases Database">DiseasesDB</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb3237.htm">3237</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Esophageal_disease" title="Esophageal disease">Esophagus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esophagitis" title="Esophagitis">Esophagitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esophageal_candidiasis" title="Esophageal candidiasis">Candidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eosinophilic_esophagitis" title="Eosinophilic esophagitis">Eosinophilic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herpetiform_esophagitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpetiform esophagitis">Herpetiform</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Rupture</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boerhaave_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Boerhaave syndrome">Boerhaave syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallory%E2%80%93Weiss_syndrome" title="Mallory–Weiss syndrome">Mallory–Weiss syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenker%27s_diverticulum" title="Zenker's diverticulum">Zenker's diverticulum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrett%27s_esophagus" title="Barrett's esophagus">Barrett's esophagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esophageal_motility_disorder" title="Esophageal motility disorder">Esophageal motility disorder</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nutcracker_esophagus" title="Nutcracker esophagus">Nutcracker esophagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achalasia" class="mw-redirect" title="Achalasia">Achalasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esophagogastric_junction_outflow_obstruction" title="Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction">Esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffuse_esophageal_spasm" title="Diffuse esophageal spasm">Diffuse esophageal spasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastroesophageal_reflux_disease" title="Gastroesophageal reflux disease">Gastroesophageal reflux disease</a> (GERD)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laryngopharyngeal_reflux" title="Laryngopharyngeal reflux">Laryngopharyngeal reflux</a> (LPR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esophageal_stricture" title="Esophageal stricture">Esophageal stricture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esophageal_inlet_patch" title="Esophageal inlet patch">Inlet patch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megaesophagus" title="Megaesophagus">Megaesophagus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esophageal_intramural_pseudodiverticulosis" title="Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis">Esophageal intramural pseudodiverticulosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acute_esophageal_necrosis" title="Acute esophageal necrosis">Acute esophageal necrosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stomach_disease" title="Stomach disease">Stomach</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gastritis" title="Gastritis">Gastritis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atrophic_gastritis" title="Atrophic gastritis">Atrophic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9n%C3%A9trier%27s_disease" title="Ménétrier's disease">Ménétrier's disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastroenteritis" title="Gastroenteritis">Gastroenteritis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peptic_ulcer" class="mw-redirect" title="Peptic ulcer">Peptic (gastric) ulcer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cushing_ulcer" title="Cushing ulcer">Cushing ulcer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieulafoy%27s_lesion" title="Dieulafoy's lesion">Dieulafoy's lesion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyspepsia" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyspepsia">Dyspepsia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Functional_dyspepsia" title="Functional dyspepsia">Functional dyspepsia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyloric_stenosis" title="Pyloric stenosis">Pyloric stenosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achlorhydria" title="Achlorhydria">Achlorhydria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastroparesis" title="Gastroparesis">Gastroparesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastroptosis" title="Gastroptosis">Gastroptosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal_hypertensive_gastropathy" title="Portal hypertensive gastropathy">Portal hypertensive gastropathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_antral_vascular_ectasia" title="Gastric antral vascular ectasia">Gastric antral vascular ectasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_dumping_syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastric dumping syndrome">Gastric dumping syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastric_volvulus" title="Gastric volvulus">Gastric volvulus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buried_bumper_syndrome" title="Buried bumper syndrome">Buried bumper syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastrinoma" title="Gastrinoma">Gastrinoma</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zollinger%E2%80%93Ellison_syndrome" title="Zollinger–Ellison syndrome">Zollinger–Ellison syndrome</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract#Lower_gastrointestinal_tract" title="Gastrointestinal tract">Lower GI tract</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Enteropathy" title="Enteropathy">Enteropathy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Small_intestine" title="Small intestine">Small intestine</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Duodenum" title="Duodenum">Duodenum</a>/<a href="/wiki/Jejunum" title="Jejunum">Jejunum</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ileum" title="Ileum">Ileum</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enteritis" title="Enteritis">Enteritis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duodenitis" title="Duodenitis">Duodenitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jejunitis" title="Jejunitis">Jejunitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ileitis" title="Ileitis">Ileitis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peptic_ulcer" class="mw-redirect" title="Peptic ulcer">Peptic (duodenal) ulcer</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curling's ulcer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabsorption" title="Malabsorption">Malabsorption</a>: <a href="/wiki/Coeliac_disease" title="Coeliac disease">Coeliac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_sprue" title="Tropical sprue">Tropical sprue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_loop_syndrome" title="Blind loop syndrome">Blind loop syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_intestinal_bacterial_overgrowth" title="Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth">Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whipple%27s_disease" title="Whipple's disease">Whipple's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_bowel_syndrome" title="Short bowel syndrome">Short bowel syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steatorrhea" title="Steatorrhea">Steatorrhea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milroy_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Milroy disease">Milroy disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bile_acid_malabsorption" title="Bile acid malabsorption">Bile acid malabsorption</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Large_intestine" title="Large intestine">Large intestine</a> <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Vermiform_appendix" class="mw-redirect" title="Vermiform appendix">Appendix</a>/<a href="/wiki/Colon_(anatomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colon (anatomy)">Colon</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appendicitis" title="Appendicitis">Appendicitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colitis" title="Colitis">Colitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pseudomembranous_colitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudomembranous colitis">Pseudomembranous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulcerative_colitis" title="Ulcerative colitis">Ulcerative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ischemic_colitis" title="Ischemic colitis">Ischemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microscopic_colitis" title="Microscopic colitis">Microscopic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collagenous_colitis" title="Collagenous colitis">Collagenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lymphocytic_colitis" title="Lymphocytic colitis">Lymphocytic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysentery" title="Dysentery">Dysentery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_colonic_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Functional colonic disease">Functional colonic disease</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irritable_bowel_syndrome" title="Irritable bowel syndrome">IBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intestinal_pseudoobstruction" class="mw-redirect" title="Intestinal pseudoobstruction">Intestinal pseudoobstruction</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ogilvie_syndrome" title="Ogilvie syndrome">Ogilvie syndrome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megacolon" title="Megacolon">Megacolon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Toxic_megacolon" title="Toxic megacolon">Toxic megacolon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diverticulitis" title="Diverticulitis">Diverticulitis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Diverticulosis" title="Diverticulosis">Diverticulosis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Segmental_colitis_associated_with_diverticulosis" title="Segmental colitis associated with diverticulosis">SCAD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Large and/or small</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enterocolitis" title="Enterocolitis">Enterocolitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Necrotizing_enterocolitis" title="Necrotizing enterocolitis">Necrotizing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastroenterocolitis" title="Gastroenterocolitis">Gastroenterocolitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inflammatory_bowel_disease" title="Inflammatory bowel disease">IBD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crohn%27s_disease" title="Crohn's disease">Crohn's disease</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vascular_disease" title="Vascular disease">Vascular</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_angina" title="Abdominal angina">Abdominal angina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesenteric_ischemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesenteric ischemia">Mesenteric ischemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiodysplasia" title="Angiodysplasia">Angiodysplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowel_obstruction" title="Bowel obstruction">Bowel obstruction</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ileus" title="Ileus">Ileus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intussusception_(medical_disorder)" title="Intussusception (medical disorder)">Intussusception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volvulus" title="Volvulus">Volvulus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fecal_impaction" title="Fecal impaction">Fecal impaction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constipation" title="Constipation">Constipation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Functional_constipation" title="Functional constipation">Functional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diarrhea" title="Diarrhea">Diarrhea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infectious_diarrhea" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious diarrhea">Infectious</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adhesion_(medicine)" title="Adhesion (medicine)">Intestinal adhesions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rectum" title="Rectum">Rectum</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proctitis" title="Proctitis">Proctitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radiation_proctitis" title="Radiation proctitis">Radiation proctitis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proctalgia_fugax" title="Proctalgia fugax">Proctalgia fugax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectal_prolapse" title="Rectal prolapse">Rectal prolapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anismus" title="Anismus">Anismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solitary_rectal_ulcer_syndrome" title="Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome">Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectal_stricture" title="Rectal stricture">Rectal stricture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anal_canal" title="Anal canal">Anal canal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anal_fissure" title="Anal fissure">Anal fissure</a>/<a href="/wiki/Anal_fistula" title="Anal fistula">Anal fistula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal_abscess" class="mw-redirect" title="Anal abscess">Anal abscess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemorrhoid" title="Hemorrhoid">Hemorrhoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal_dysplasia" title="Anal dysplasia">Anal dysplasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pruritus_ani" title="Pruritus ani">Pruritus ani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anal_stricture" title="Anal stricture">Anal stricture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal_bleeding" title="Gastrointestinal bleeding">GI bleeding</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_in_stool" title="Blood in stool">Blood in stool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_gastrointestinal_bleeding" title="Upper gastrointestinal bleeding">Upper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hematemesis" title="Hematemesis">Hematemesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melena" title="Melena">Melena</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_gastrointestinal_bleeding" title="Lower gastrointestinal bleeding">Lower</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hematochezia" title="Hematochezia">Hematochezia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Accessory_digestive_gland" class="mw-redirect" title="Accessory digestive gland">Accessory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liver_disease" title="Liver disease">Liver</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis" title="Hepatitis">Hepatitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viral_hepatitis" title="Viral hepatitis">Viral hepatitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autoimmune_hepatitis" title="Autoimmune hepatitis">Autoimmune hepatitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_hepatitis" title="Alcoholic hepatitis">Alcoholic hepatitis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirrhosis" title="Cirrhosis">Cirrhosis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_biliary_cirrhosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary biliary cirrhosis">PBC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatty_liver" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatty liver">Fatty liver</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metabolic_dysfunction%E2%80%93associated_steatotic_liver_disease" title="Metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease">MASLD</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vascular_disease" title="Vascular disease">Vascular</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budd%E2%80%93Chiari_syndrome" title="Budd–Chiari syndrome">Budd–Chiari syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatic_veno-occlusive_disease" title="Hepatic veno-occlusive disease">Hepatic veno-occlusive disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal_hypertension" title="Portal hypertension">Portal hypertension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutmeg_liver" class="mw-redirect" title="Nutmeg liver">Nutmeg liver</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_liver_disease" title="Alcoholic liver disease">Alcoholic liver disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver_failure" title="Liver failure">Liver failure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hepatic_encephalopathy" title="Hepatic encephalopathy">Hepatic encephalopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acute_liver_failure" title="Acute liver failure">Acute liver failure</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver_abscess" title="Liver abscess">Liver abscess</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pyogenic_liver_abscess" title="Pyogenic liver abscess">Pyogenic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoebic_liver_abscess" title="Amoebic liver abscess">Amoebic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepatorenal_syndrome" title="Hepatorenal syndrome">Hepatorenal syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peliosis_hepatis" title="Peliosis hepatis">Peliosis hepatis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metabolic_disorder" title="Metabolic disorder">Metabolic disorders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilson%27s_disease" title="Wilson's disease">Wilson's disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemochromatosis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemochromatosis">Hemochromatosis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gallbladder_disease" title="Gallbladder disease">Gallbladder</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cholecystitis" title="Cholecystitis">Cholecystitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallstone" title="Gallstone">Gallstone / Cholelithiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholesterolosis_of_gallbladder" title="Cholesterolosis of gallbladder">Cholesterolosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adenomyomatosis" title="Adenomyomatosis">Adenomyomatosis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcholecystectomy_syndrome" title="Postcholecystectomy syndrome">Postcholecystectomy syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porcelain_gallbladder" title="Porcelain gallbladder">Porcelain gallbladder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bile_duct" title="Bile duct">Bile duct</a>/ <br /> Other <a href="/wiki/Biliary_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Biliary tree">biliary tree</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cholangitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Cholangitis">Cholangitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primary_sclerosing_cholangitis" title="Primary sclerosing cholangitis">Primary sclerosing cholangitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_sclerosing_cholangitis" title="Secondary sclerosing cholangitis">Secondary sclerosing cholangitis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascending_cholangitis" title="Ascending cholangitis">Ascending</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cholestasis" title="Cholestasis">Cholestasis</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mirizzi%27s_syndrome" title="Mirizzi's syndrome">Mirizzi's syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biliary_fistula" title="Biliary fistula">Biliary fistula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haemobilia" title="Haemobilia">Haemobilia</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Common_bile_duct" title="Common bile duct">Common bile duct</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choledocholithiasis" class="mw-redirect" title="Choledocholithiasis">Choledocholithiasis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biliary_dyskinesia" title="Biliary dyskinesia">Biliary dyskinesia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sphincter_of_Oddi_dysfunction" title="Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction">Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_disease" title="Pancreatic disease">Pancreatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pancreatitis" title="Pancreatitis">Pancreatitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acute_pancreatitis" title="Acute pancreatitis">Acute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronic_pancreatitis" title="Chronic pancreatitis">Chronic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hereditary_pancreatitis" title="Hereditary pancreatitis">Hereditary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_abscess" title="Pancreatic abscess">Pancreatic abscess</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_pseudocyst" title="Pancreatic pseudocyst">Pancreatic pseudocyst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exocrine_pancreatic_insufficiency" title="Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency">Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_fistula" title="Pancreatic fistula">Pancreatic fistula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hernia43" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hernia" title="Hernia">Hernia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diaphragmatic_hernia" title="Diaphragmatic hernia">Diaphragmatic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congenital_diaphragmatic_hernia" title="Congenital diaphragmatic hernia">Congenital</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiatus_hernia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hiatus hernia">Hiatus</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inguinal_hernia" title="Inguinal hernia">Inguinal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indirect_inguinal_hernia" class="mw-redirect" title="Indirect inguinal hernia">Indirect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_inguinal_hernia" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct inguinal hernia">Direct</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbilical_hernia" title="Umbilical hernia">Umbilical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femoral_hernia" title="Femoral hernia">Femoral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obturator_hernia" title="Obturator hernia">Obturator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spigelian_hernia" title="Spigelian hernia">Spigelian</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lumbar_hernia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lumbar hernia">Lumbar</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petit%27s_hernia" title="Petit's hernia">Petit's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grynfeltt%E2%80%93Lesshaft_hernia" title="Grynfeltt–Lesshaft hernia">Grynfeltt–Lesshaft</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i>Undefined location</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incisional_hernia" title="Incisional hernia">Incisional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_hernia" title="Internal hernia">Internal hernia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richter%27s_hernia" title="Richter's hernia">Richter's</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peritoneal_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Peritoneal disease">Peritoneal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peritonitis" title="Peritonitis">Peritonitis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_bacterial_peritonitis" title="Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis">Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemoperitoneum" title="Hemoperitoneum">Hemoperitoneum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pneumoperitoneum" title="Pneumoperitoneum">Pneumoperitoneum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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