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Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A" title="الجدار الأنطوني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجدار الأنطوني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вал Антаніна – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вал Антаніна" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Антонинов вал – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Антонинов вал" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moger_Antoninus" title="Moger Antoninus – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Moger Antoninus" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mur_d%27Anton%C3%AD" title="Mur d'Antoní – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mur d'Antoní" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonin%C5%AFv_val" title="Antoninův val – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Antoninův val" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mur_Antoninus" title="Mur Antoninus – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mur Antoninus" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoninusmuren" title="Antoninusmuren – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Antoninusmuren" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoninuswall" title="Antoninuswall – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Antoninuswall" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonine_Wall" title="Antonine Wall – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Antonine Wall" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muro_de_Antonino" title="Muro de Antonino – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Muro de Antonino" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muro_de_Antonino" title="Muro de Antonino – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Muro de Antonino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoninoren_Harresia" title="Antoninoren Harresia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Antoninoren Harresia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="دیوار آنتونین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دیوار آنتونین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mur_d%27Antonin" title="Mur d'Antonin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mur d'Antonin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muorre_fan_Antoninus" title="Muorre fan Antoninus – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Muorre fan Antoninus" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balla_Antonine" title="Balla Antonine – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Balla Antonine" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balla_Antonine" title="Balla Antonine – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Balla Antonine" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muralla_de_Antonino" title="Muralla de Antonino – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Muralla de Antonino" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%88%ED%86%A0%EB%8B%88%EB%88%84%EC%8A%A4_%EB%B0%A9%EB%B2%BD" title="안토니누스 방벽 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="안토니누스 방벽" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoninov_zid" title="Antoninov zid – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Antoninov zid" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vallo_Antonino" title="Vallo Antonino – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vallo Antonino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A1" title="חומת אנטונינוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="חומת אנטונינוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ანტონინეს კედელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ანტონინეს კედელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonija_valnis" title="Antonija valnis – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Antonija valnis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonino_siena" title="Antonino siena – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Antonino siena" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoninus_fala" title="Antoninus fala – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Antoninus fala" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%95%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Антонинов ѕид – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Антонинов ѕид" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%88%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F" title="അന്റോണൈൻ കോട്ട – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അന്റോണൈൻ കോട്ട" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%86%D9%89" title="الجدار الانطونى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الجدار الانطونى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Антонины хана – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Антонины хана" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muur_van_Antoninus" title="Muur van Antoninus – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Muur van Antoninus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E3%83%8B%E3%83%8C%E3%82%B9%E3%81%AE%E9%95%B7%E5%9F%8E" title="アントニヌスの長城 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アントニヌスの長城" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_antoninske_mur" title="Den antoninske mur – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den antoninske mur" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_antoninske_muren" title="Den antoninske muren – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den antoninske muren" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonin_devori" title="Antonin devori – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Antonin devori" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wa%C5%82_Antonina" title="Wał Antonina – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wał Antonina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muralha_de_Antonino" title="Muralha de Antonino – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Muralha de Antonino" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zidul_lui_Antoninus" title="Zidul lui Antoninus – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zidul lui Antoninus" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вал Антонина – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вал Антонина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoninov_zid" title="Antoninov zid – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Antoninov zid" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Антонинов зид – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Антонинов зид" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoninov_zid" title="Antoninov zid – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Antoninov zid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoninuksen_valli" title="Antoninuksen valli – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Antoninuksen valli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoninus_mur" title="Antoninus mur – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Antoninus mur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoninus_Duvar%C4%B1" title="Antoninus Duvarı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Antoninus Duvarı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BB_%D0%90%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Вал Антоніна – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вал Антоніна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E4%B8%9C%E5%B0%BC%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="安东尼长城 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="安东尼长城" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%AE%81%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="安多宁长城 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="安多宁长城" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q210957#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Antonine_Wall" 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Maailmanperint%C3%B6kohde_772b_tunnusosa.svg/30px-Maailmanperint%C3%B6kohde_772b_tunnusosa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Maailmanperint%C3%B6kohde_772b_tunnusosa.svg/40px-Maailmanperint%C3%B6kohde_772b_tunnusosa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1594" data-file-height="1594" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hadrians_Wall_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Hadrians_Wall_map.png/200px-Hadrians_Wall_map.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Hadrians_Wall_map.png/300px-Hadrians_Wall_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Hadrians_Wall_map.png/400px-Hadrians_Wall_map.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="995" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Antonine Wall in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian's Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northern_England" title="Northern England">northern England</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Antonine Wall</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Stone" title="Stone">stone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sod" title="Sod">turf</a> <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">fortification</a> built across northern <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> in the middle 2nd <a href="/wiki/Century" title="Century">century</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a> built the wall to control <a href="/wiki/Barbarians" class="mw-redirect" title="Barbarians">barbarians</a>: the ancient <a href="/wiki/Britons_(Celtic_people)" class="mw-redirect" title="Britons (Celtic people)">Britons</a> to the north of the wall, in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caledonia (not yet started)">Caledonia</a>. The wall is now in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, and runs between the <a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Forth" title="Firth of Forth">Firth of Forth</a> and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Firth_of_Clyde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Firth of Clyde (not yet started)">Firth of Clyde</a> in the modern <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Lowlands" title="Scottish Lowlands">Scottish Lowlands</a>. When the Romans built the wall, it was the northern <a href="/wiki/Border" title="Border">border</a> of the Roman Empire. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Roman_legions" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman legions">Roman legions</a> (armies) of the <a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">governor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman Britain</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lollius_Urbicus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lollius Urbicus (not yet started)">Lollius Urbicus</a>, built the wall for the emperor between 139 and 142.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wall was about 59 kilometres (37 miles) long. Its <a href="/wiki/Foundation_(engineering)" title="Foundation (engineering)">foundations</a> were made of <a href="/wiki/Stone" title="Stone">stone</a> and was between 4.5 metres (15 feet) and 5 metres (16 feet) wide. The wall itself was made of turf. In front of the wall (on the northern side) was a <a href="/wiki/Ditch" title="Ditch">ditch</a>. The ditch was 7 metres (23 feet) away from the wall. The ditch was at least 3.6 metres (12 feet) deep and was nearly 12 metres (39 feet) wide in places.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Romans used the wall until after 158. The last Romans went away from the wall in around 163. After that, the wall fell into <a href="/wiki/Ruins" title="Ruins">ruins</a> slowly.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Antonine Wall is part of the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> called <a href="/wiki/Frontiers_of_the_Roman_Empire" title="Frontiers of the Roman Empire">Frontiers of the Roman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It shares this listing with <a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian's Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a> in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and the German fortifications known as the <i>Limes Germanicus</i>. The barrier was the second of two "great walls" created by the Romans in Great Britain. Its ruins are less visible than the better known Hadrian's Wall to the south. </p><p>Construction began in AD 142 at the order of emperor Antoninus Pius, and took about twelve years to complete. Pressure from the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caledonians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caledonians (not yet started)">Caledonians</a> may have led Antoninus Pius to send the empire's troops farther north. The wall was protected by sixteen <a href="/wiki/Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort">forts</a> with a number of small fortlets between them; troop movement was facilitated by a road linking all the sites known as the Military Way. The soldiers who built the wall commemorated the construction and their struggles with the barbarians in a number of decorative slabs, twenty of which still survive. </p><p>Despite this good start, the wall was abandoned after only twenty years. The garrisons were sent back to Hadrian's Wall. In 208 the emperor <a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a> re-established <a href="/wiki/Roman_legion" title="Roman legion">legions</a> at the wall and ordered repairs. This has led to the wall being referred to as the <b>Severan Wall</b>. However, this occupation ended only a few years later, and the wall was never fortified again. Most of the wall and its associated fortifications have been destroyed over time, but some remains are still visible. Many of these have come under the care of <a href="/wiki/Historic_Scotland" title="Historic Scotland">Historic Scotland</a> and the UNESCO World Heritage Site Committee. Most of the wall is <a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">private property</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonine_Wall&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonine_Wall&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1">1.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2">1.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRichmondFrereMillett2016" class="citation web cs1">Richmond, Ian Archibald; Frere, Sheppard S.; Millett, Martin (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oxfordre.com/classics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.001.0001/acrefore-9780199381135-e-6870">"wall of Antoninus"</a>. <i>Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Classics</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199381135.013.6870">10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.6870</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-938113-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-938113-5"><bdi>978-0-19-938113-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Research+Encyclopedia+of+Classics&rft.atitle=wall+of+Antoninus&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199381135.013.6870&rft.isbn=978-0-19-938113-5&rft.aulast=Richmond&rft.aufirst=Ian+Archibald&rft.au=Frere%2C+Sheppard+S.&rft.au=Millett%2C+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foxfordre.com%2Fclassics%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199381135.001.0001%2Facrefore-9780199381135-e-6870&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAntonine+Wall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0">2.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1">2.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFCentre" class="citation web cs1">Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/430/">"Frontiers of the Roman Empire"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Frontiers+of+the+Roman+Empire&rft.aulast=Centre&rft.aufirst=UNESCO+World+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F430%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AAntonine+Wall" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">England</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bath,_Somerset" title="Bath, Somerset">Bath</a> <ul><li><small>as part of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Spa_Towns_of_Europe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Great Spa Towns of Europe (not yet started)">Great Spa Towns of Europe</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blenheim_Palace" title="Blenheim Palace">Blenheim Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Cathedral" title="Canterbury Cathedral">Canterbury Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Augustine%27s_Abbey" title="St Augustine's Abbey">St Augustine's Abbey</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Martin%27s_Church,_Canterbury" title="St Martin's Church, Canterbury">St Martin's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornwall_and_West_Devon_Mining_Landscape" title="Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape">Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derwent_Valley_Mills" title="Derwent Valley Mills">Derwent Valley Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_Castle" title="Durham Castle">Durham Castle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Durham_Cathedral" title="Durham Cathedral">Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limes_(Roman_Empire)" title="Limes (Roman Empire)">Frontiers of the Roman Empire</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall" title="Hadrian's Wall">Hadrian's Wall</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ironbridge_Gorge" title="Ironbridge Gorge">Ironbridge Gorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jodrell_Bank_Observatory" title="Jodrell Bank Observatory">Jodrell Bank Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurassic_Coast" title="Jurassic Coast">Jurassic Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens">Kew Royal Botanic Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_District" title="Lake District">Lake District</a></li> <li><a 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typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Stonehenge-Green.jpg/100px-Stonehenge-Green.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Stonehenge-Green.jpg/150px-Stonehenge-Green.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Stonehenge-Green.jpg/200px-Stonehenge-Green.jpg 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="355" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Scotland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Scotland (not yet started)">Scotland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town,_Edinburgh" title="Old Town, Edinburgh">Edinburgh Old Town</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Town,_Edinburgh" title="New Town, Edinburgh">New Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forth_Rail_Bridge" title="Forth Rail Bridge">Forth Rail Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limes_(Roman_Empire)" title="Limes (Roman Empire)">Frontiers of the Roman Empire</a> <ul><li><small><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Antonine Wall</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heart_of_Neolithic_Orkney" title="Heart of Neolithic Orkney">Heart of Neolithic Orkney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Lanark" title="New Lanark">New Lanark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Kilda" title="St Kilda">St Kilda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaenavon_Industrial_Landscape" title="Blaenavon Industrial Landscape">Blaenavon Industrial Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castles_and_Town_Walls_of_King_Edward_in_Gwynedd" title="Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd">Castles and Town Walls of King Edward I in Gwynedd</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Beaumaris_Castle" title="Beaumaris Castle">Beaumaris Castle</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Caernarfon_Castle" title="Caernarfon Castle">Caernarfon Castle</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Caernarfon_town_walls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caernarfon town walls (not yet started)">Town Walls</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Conwy_Castle" title="Conwy Castle">Conwy Castle</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Conwy_town_walls&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conwy town walls (not yet started)">Town Walls</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harlech_Castle&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harlech Castle (not yet started)">Harlech Castle</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontcysyllte_Aqueduct" title="Pontcysyllte Aqueduct">Pontcysyllte Aqueduct</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slate_industry_in_Wales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slate industry in Wales (not yet started)">The Slate Landscape of Northwest Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Ireland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant%27s_Causeway" title="Giant's Causeway">Giant's Causeway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">British Overseas Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gorham%27s_Cave" title="Gorham's Cave">Gorham's Cave Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gough_Island" title="Gough Island">Gough Island</a></li> <li><a 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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>49 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive 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