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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire" title="Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire" title="Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire" title="Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire" title="Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire" title="Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%85%D9%89_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="برتلمى سنت هيلار – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="برتلمى سنت هيلار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire" title="Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire" title="Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82-%D0%98%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%96%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Бартелеми-Сент-Илер, Жюль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бартелеми-Сент-Илер, Жюль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire" title="Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French writer and statesman (1805–1895)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jules_Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Jules_Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire.jpg/250px-Jules_Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Jules_Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire.jpg/375px-Jules_Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Jules_Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire.jpg/500px-Jules_Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire.jpg 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="1009" /></a><figcaption>Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Jules Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire</b> (19 August 1805 – 24 November 1895) was a French <a href="/wiki/Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher">philosopher</a>, journalist, statesman, and possible illegitimate son of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I of France">Napoleon I of France</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jules was born in Paris. <a href="/wiki/Marie_Belloc_Lowndes" title="Marie Belloc Lowndes">Marie Belloc Lowndes</a>, in the second volume of her autobiography <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Where_Love_and_Friendship_Dwelt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Where Love and Friendship Dwelt (page does not exist)">Where Love and Friendship Dwelt</a></i> (1943), made claims regarding his paternity. He was reportedly ashamed of and did not talk about it. Lowndes did not say who his mother was. </p><p>In his early years he worked for the Ministry of Finance (1825–1828), and was an active journalist. From 1826 to 1830 he opposed the policies of <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X of France</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Globe" title="Le Globe">Le Globe</a></i>. At the <a href="/wiki/July_Revolution" title="July Revolution">revolution of 1830</a> he signed the protestation of the journalists on 28 July 1830.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After 1830, he contributed to different newspapers, <i>Le Constitutionnel</i>, <i>Le National</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Courrier_fran%C3%A7ais_(1820%E2%80%931851)" title="Le Courrier français (1820–1851)">Le Courrier français</a></i> until 1833, when he gave up politics in order to devote himself to the history of ancient philosophy, undertaking a translation of <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>, which occupied him the greater part of his life. The reputation he gained from this work won him the chair of ancient philosophy at the <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France">Collège de France</a> (1838) and a seat at the <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A9mie_des_Sciences_Morales_et_Politiques" title="Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques">Academy of Moral and Political Science</a> (1839).<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/The_Revolutions_of_1848_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="The Revolutions of 1848 in France">revolution of 1848</a> he was elected as a republican <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Chamber of Deputies of France">deputy</a> from the <i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9partement" class="mw-redirect" title="Département">département</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Seine-et-Oise" title="Seine-et-Oise">Seine-et-Oise</a>. He was named by the Minister of Public Instruction, <a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Carnot" title="Hippolyte Carnot">Carnot</a>, head of the commission preparing the draft for the education reforms. However, after Carnot's resignation and replacement by <a href="/wiki/Alfred_de_Falloux" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred de Falloux">Alfred de Falloux</a>, the commission was dissolved. Nevertheless, Barthélémy-Saint-Hilaire deposed to the National Assembly the report and the propositions written by the commission, which were ignored. After the <a href="/wiki/1849_French_legislative_election" title="1849 French legislative election">May 1849 legislative election</a>, won by the conservative <a href="/wiki/Parti_de_l%27Ordre" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti de l'Ordre">Parti de l'Ordre</a>, he was however re-elected and named again as a member of the parliamentary commission on education. During three years, he thus played an important role during the debates leading to the adoption of the <a href="/wiki/Falloux_Laws" title="Falloux Laws">Falloux Laws</a> in 1850–1851, which greatly increased the clergy's influence on education, to the dismay of Republicans such as Saint-Hilaire. </p><p>He was obliged to withdraw after the <a href="/wiki/French_coup_of_1851" class="mw-redirect" title="French coup of 1851">December 1851 <i>coup d'état</i></a> of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon III of France">Louis Napoleon</a>. In 1855 he went as member of the international commission to <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> to report on the possibility of the proposed <a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a>, and by the articles which he wrote he contributed largely to making the project popular in France.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Elected deputy again in 1869, he joined the opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second Empire</a>, and in 1871, as a member of the <i>Centre gauche</i> parliamentary group, bent all his efforts to the election of <a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Thiers" title="Adolphe Thiers">Thiers</a> as <a href="/wiki/President_of_France" title="President of France">President of the Republic</a>, acting afterwards as his secretary. Appointed <a href="/wiki/Senator_for_life" title="Senator for life">senator for life</a> in 1875, he took his place among the moderate republicans (aka <a href="/wiki/Opportunist_Republicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Opportunist Republicans">Opportunist Republicans</a>), and from 23 September 1880 to 14 November 1881 was <a href="/wiki/List_of_Foreign_Ministers_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Foreign Ministers of France">minister of foreign affairs</a> in the cabinet of <a href="/wiki/Jules_Ferry" title="Jules Ferry">Jules Ferry</a>. The most important event of his administration was the annexation of <a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a> under the form of a French <a href="/wiki/Protectorate" title="Protectorate">protectorate</a>, which he actively promoted.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1882 the village of <a href="/wiki/St._Hilaire,_Minnesota" title="St. Hilaire, Minnesota">St. Hilaire, Minnesota</a>, in the United States, was named in his honor.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He died in Paris in 1895. His principal works, besides the translation of Aristotle and a number of studies connected with the same subject, are <i>Des Védas</i> (1854), <i>Du Bouddhisme</i> (1856) and <i>Mahomet et le Coran</i> (1865).<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>De la Logique d’Aristote</i>. – Paris : Ladrange, 1838</li> <li><i>Ouverture du cours de philosophie grecque et latine</i>. – Paris : H. Fournier, 1838</li> <li><i>De l’École d’Alexandrie : rapport à l’Académie des sciences morales et politiques, précédé d’un Essai sur la méthode des Alexandrins et le mysticisme. L’ouvrage contient en complément une traduction des morceaux choisis de Plotin</i>. – Paris : Ladrange, 1845</li> <li><i>De la vraie Démocratie</i>. – Paris : Pagnerre, 1849</li> <li><i>Des Védas</i>. – Paris : B. Duprat, 1854 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/document?O=N075200">online</a></li> <li><i>Rapport concernant les mémoires envoyés pour concourir au prix de philosophie : proposé en 1848 et à décerner en 1853, sur la comparaison de la philosophie morale et politique de Platon et d’Aristote avec les doctrines des plus grands philosophes modernes sur les mêmes matières, au nom de la section de philosophie. Discours lu à l’Académie des sciences morales et politiques, dans la séance du 14 mai 1853</i>. – Paris : Firmin Didot, 1854</li> <li><i>Du Bouddhisme</i>. – Paris : B. Duprat, 1855 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/document?O=N075201">online</a></li> <li><i>Lettres sur L’Égypte</i>. – Paris : Michel Lévy frères, 1856 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/document?O=N039811">online</a></li> <li><i>Le Bouddha et sa religion</i>. – Paris : Didier, 1860</li> <li><i>Rapport fait au nom de la section de philosophie sur le concours relatif à la question du Beau</i>. – Paris : Firmin Didot, 1862</li> <li><i>Mahomet et le Coran : précédé d’une Introduction sur les devoirs mutuels de la philosophie et de la religion. Le livre connaît un second tirage la même année</i>. – Paris : Didier, 1865</li> <li><i>Du Boudhisme et de sa littérature à Ceylan et en Birmanie</i>. – Hamburg, 1866</li> <li><i>De la Métaphysique : Introduction à la métaphysique d’Aristote</i>. – Paris : Germer Baillière, 1879</li> <li><i>Le Christianisme et le boudhisme : trois lettres addressées à M. l’abbé Deschamps, la 1ère à l’occasion d’une publication de M. Deschamps, ayant pour titre Le Boudhisme et l’apologétique chrétienne ; la 2e en réponse à l’envoi d’une étude biblique du même auteur ayant pour titre La Découverte du livre de la loi et la théorie du coup d’état d’après les derniers travaux ; la 3e qui confirme les deux précédentes et en autorise la publication</i>. – Paris : Ernest Laroux, 1880 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/document?O=N095651">online</a></li> <li><i>L’Inde anglaise, son état actuel, son avenir : précédé d’une introduction sur l’Angleterre et la Russie</i>. – Hamburg, 1887</li> <li><i>La Philosophie dans ses rapports avec les sciences et la religion</i>. – Paris : F. Alcan, 1889 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/document?O=N094211">online</a></li> <li><i>Étude sur François Bacon : suivie du Rapport à l’Académie des sciences morales et politiques, sur le concours ouvert pour le prix Bordin</i>. – Paris : F. Alcan, 1890</li> <li><i>Aristote et l’histoire de la Constitution athénienne</i>. – Paris : Administration des deux revues, 1891 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/document?O=N077438">online</a></li> <li><i><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">M. <a href="/wiki/Victor_Cousin" title="Victor Cousin">Victor Cousin</a>, sa vie et sa correspondance</i></span></i>. – Paris : Hachette, 1892 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/notice?N=FRBNF34156019&UC=o">online</a></li> <li><i>Traduction générale d’Aristote. Table alphabétique des matières</i>. – Paris : F. Alcan, 1892</li> <li><i>Socrate et Platon, ou le Platonisme</i>. – Chartres : Durand, 1896</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_editions">Modern editions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Modern editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>The Buddha and His Religion</i>. – Rupa & Co, 2002. – <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7167-730-4" title="Special:BookSources/81-7167-730-4">81-7167-730-4</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Translations">Translations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Translations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Pensées de Marc-Aurèle</i>. – Paris : G. Baillière, 1876 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/document?O=N094331">online</a></li> <li><i>Physique d'Aristote ou Leçons sur les principes généraux de la nature</i>. – Paris : Ladrange : A. Durand, 1862 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/document?O=N095097">Volume I</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/document?O=N095100">Volume II</a></li> <li><i>Politique d'Aristote</i>. – Paris : Ladrange, 1874 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/document?O=N207942">online</a></li> <li><i>Psychologie d'Aristote: Opuscules (Parva Naturalia)</i>, Paris: Dumont, 1847 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H2FE--nnNGYC">online</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Barth%C3%A9lemy_Saint-Hilaire,_Jules" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Barthélemy Saint-Hilaire, Jules">Barthélemy Saint-Hilaire, Jules</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 449.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Barth%C3%A9lemy+Saint-Hilaire%2C+Jules&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=449&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJules+Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Upham, Warren (2001). <i>Minnesota Place Names, A Geographical Encyclopedia</i>, Third Edition. MHS Press (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87351-396-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-87351-396-7">0-87351-396-7</a>), pp. 436-437.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Barth%C3%A9lemy-Saint-Hilaire&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Picot" title="Georges Picot">Georges Picot</a>: <i>Barthélemy Saint-Hilaire : notice historique</i>. – Paris : Hachette, 1899 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/document?O=N062892">online</a>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">Charles de Freycinet</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (France)">Minister of Foreign Affairs</a> </b><br />1880–1881 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Gambetta" title="Léon Gambetta">Léon Gambetta</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332164#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332164#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000108845524">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/31992507">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/305132222">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/286836105">3</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1494286/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhmPQh3d9BMPhFqGxhbVC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/116068612">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no90000421">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11890421m">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11890421m">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Barthélemy-Saint-Hilaire, Jules"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/TO0V091054">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an51707916">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20110927002&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX5015875">Spain</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1199516">2</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4915564">3</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/82808">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p073528072">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000090168&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=139424">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/fcrtw56z1ztp730">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810618718905606">Poland</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810686388305606">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/27576">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007310257805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058519964206706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/13953923">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA07247045?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.assemblee-nationale.fr/sycomore/fiche/(num_dept)/449">Sycomore</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1525653">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd116068612.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/116068612">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026707683">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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