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id="toc-Monday,_26_July_1830" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monday,_26_July_1830"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Monday, 26 July 1830</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monday,_26_July_1830-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tuesday,_27_July_1830:_Day_One" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tuesday,_27_July_1830:_Day_One"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Tuesday, 27 July 1830: Day One</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tuesday,_27_July_1830:_Day_One-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wednesday,_28_July_1830:_Day_Two" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wednesday,_28_July_1830:_Day_Two"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Wednesday, 28 July 1830: Day Two</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wednesday,_28_July_1830:_Day_Two-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thursday,_29_July_1830:_Day_Three" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thursday,_29_July_1830:_Day_Three"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Thursday, 29 July 1830: Day Three</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thursday,_29_July_1830:_Day_Three-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Result" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Result"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Result</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Result-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Primary_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Primary_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Primary sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Primary_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">July Revolution</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 62 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julirevolution" title="Julirevolution – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Julirevolution" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88_1830" title="ثورة يوليو 1830 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثورة يوليو 1830" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3n_de_1830" title="Revolución de 1830 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Revolución de 1830" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0yul_inqilab%C4%B1" title="İyul inqilabı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İyul inqilabı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC_(%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8)" title="জুলাই বিপ্লব (ফ্রান্স) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জুলাই বিপ্লব (ফ্রান্স)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Ліпеньская рэвалюцыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ліпеньская рэвалюцыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_1830_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Ліпеньская рэвалюцыя 1830 году – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ліпеньская рэвалюцыя 1830 году" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_(1830)" title="Юлска революция (1830) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Юлска революция (1830)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julska_revolucija" title="Julska revolucija – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Julska revolucija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reveulzi_Gouere" title="Reveulzi Gouere – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Reveulzi Gouere" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3_francesa_de_Juliol" title="Revolució francesa de Juliol – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Revolució francesa de Juliol" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cervencov%C3%A1_revoluce" title="Červencová revoluce – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Červencová revoluce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julirevolutionen" title="Julirevolutionen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Julirevolutionen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julirevolution_von_1830" title="Julirevolution von 1830 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Julirevolution von 1830" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juulirevolutsioon" title="Juulirevolutsioon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Juulirevolutsioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CE%95%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%AC%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Ιουλιανή Επανάσταση – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιουλιανή Επανάσταση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3n_de_1830" title="Revolución de 1830 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Revolución de 1830" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franca_revolucio_de_1830" title="Franca revolucio de 1830 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Franca revolucio de 1830" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uztaileko_Iraultza" title="Uztaileko Iraultza – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Uztaileko Iraultza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8_%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B3%DB%B0_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="انقلاب ۱۸۳۰ فرانسه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انقلاب ۱۸۳۰ فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trois_Glorieuses" title="Trois Glorieuses – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Trois Glorieuses" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9abhl%C3%B3id_I%C3%BAil_(An_Fhrainc,_1830)" title="Réabhlóid Iúil (An Fhrainc, 1830) – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Réabhlóid Iúil (An Fhrainc, 1830)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revoluci%C3%B3n_de_1830" title="Revolución de 1830 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Revolución de 1830" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/7%EC%9B%94_%ED%98%81%EB%AA%85" title="7월 혁명 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="7월 혁명" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%83%D5%B8%D5%AD%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6_(1830)" title="Հուլիսյան հեղափոխություն (1830) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հուլիսյան հեղափոխություն (1830)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF_(%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A6)" title="फ्रांस की द्वितीय क्रांति (१८३०) – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ्रांस की द्वितीय क्रांति (१८३०)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revoluciono_di_1830" title="Revoluciono di 1830 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Revoluciono di 1830" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolusi_Juli" title="Revolusi Juli – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Revolusi Juli" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BAl%C3%ADbyltingin" title="Júlíbyltingin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Júlíbyltingin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivoluzione_di_luglio" title="Rivoluzione di luglio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rivoluzione di luglio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%99_1830" title="מהפכת יולי 1830 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מהפכת יולי 1830" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%88_%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF" title="ಜುಲೈ ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜುಲೈ ಕ್ರಾಂತಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AA%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ივლისის რევოლუცია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ივლისის რევოლუცია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Шілде революциясы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Шілде революциясы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Res_novae_Iuliae_(1830)" title="Res novae Iuliae (1830) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Res novae Iuliae (1830)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%ABlija_revol%C5%ABcija" title="Jūlija revolūcija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jūlija revolūcija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BAliusi_forradalom" title="Júliusi forradalom – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Júliusi forradalom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolusi_Julai" title="Revolusi Julai – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Revolusi Julai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julirevolutie" title="Julirevolutie – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Julirevolutie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B97%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="フランス7月革命 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランス7月革命" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julirevolusjonen" title="Julirevolusjonen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Julirevolusjonen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iyul_inqilobi_(Fransiya)" title="Iyul inqilobi (Fransiya) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Iyul inqilobi (Fransiya)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rewolucja_lipcowa_we_Francji" title="Rewolucja lipcowa we Francji – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rewolucja lipcowa we Francji" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Julho" title="Revolução de Julho – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Revolução de Julho" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolu%C8%9Bia_Francez%C4%83_de_la_1830" title="Revoluția Franceză de la 1830 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Revoluția Franceză de la 1830" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%8E%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Июльская революция – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Июльская революция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julie_Revolution" title="Julie Revolution – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Julie Revolution" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_Revolution" title="July Revolution – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="July Revolution" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BAlov%C3%A1_revol%C3%BAcia_(1830)" title="Júlová revolúcia (1830) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Júlová revolúcia (1830)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julijska_revolucija" title="Julijska revolucija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Julijska revolucija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julska_revolucija" title="Julska revolucija – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Julska revolucija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julska_revolucija" title="Julska revolucija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Julska revolucija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hein%C3%A4kuun_vallankumous" title="Heinäkuun vallankumous – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Heinäkuun vallankumous" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julirevolutionen" title="Julirevolutionen – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Julirevolutionen" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1" title="การปฏิวัติเดือนกรกฎาคม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การปฏิวัติเดือนกรกฎาคม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temmuz_Devrimi" title="Temmuz Devrimi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Temmuz Devrimi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Липнева революція – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Липнева революція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="انقلاب جولائی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انقلاب جولائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trois_Glorieuses" title="Trois Glorieuses – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trois Glorieuses" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1830%E5%B9%B4%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%83%E6%9C%88%E6%9A%B4%E5%8A%A8" title="1830年法国七月暴动 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1830年法国七月暴动" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="七月革命 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="七月革命" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%83%E6%9C%88%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="法國七月革命 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法國七月革命" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q214028#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1830 overthrow of the Bourbons by the July Monarchy in France</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/July_Revolution_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="July Revolution (disambiguation)">July Revolution (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/June_Rebellion" title="June 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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><b>Trois Glorieuses</b></i></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restoration</a> and<br />the <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1830" title="Revolutions of 1830">Revolutions of 1830</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom:#aaa solid 1px"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_129_-_apr%C3%A8s_restauration_2024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_129_-_apr%C3%A8s_restauration_2024.jpg/240px-La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_129_-_apr%C3%A8s_restauration_2024.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_129_-_apr%C3%A8s_restauration_2024.jpg/360px-La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_129_-_apr%C3%A8s_restauration_2024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_129_-_apr%C3%A8s_restauration_2024.jpg/480px-La_Libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple_-_Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_Mus%C3%A9e_du_Louvre_Peintures_RF_129_-_apr%C3%A8s_restauration_2024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10128" data-file-height="8103" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Leading_the_People" title="Liberty Leading the People">Liberty Leading the People</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a>: an <a href="/wiki/Allegorical" class="mw-redirect" title="Allegorical">allegorical</a> painting of the July Revolution.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">26–29 July 1830</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location" style="text-align: left;">France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Also known as</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;">The July Revolution</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Participants</th><td class="infobox-data attendee" style="text-align: left;">French society</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Outcome</th><td class="infobox-data description" style="text-align: left;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol 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title="History of France">History of <span class="fn org label">France</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carte_de_France_dress%C3%A9e_pour_l%27usage_du_Roy_Delisle_Guillaume_1721.JPEG" class="mw-file-description" title="Carte de France dressée pour l'usage du Roy. Delisle Guillaume (1721)"><img alt="Carte de France dressée pour l'usage du Roy. Delisle Guillaume (1721)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Carte_de_France_dress%C3%A9e_pour_l%27usage_du_Roy_Delisle_Guillaume_1721.JPEG/250px-Carte_de_France_dress%C3%A9e_pour_l%27usage_du_Roy_Delisle_Guillaume_1721.JPEG" decoding="async" width="250" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Carte_de_France_dress%C3%A9e_pour_l%27usage_du_Roy_Delisle_Guillaume_1721.JPEG/375px-Carte_de_France_dress%C3%A9e_pour_l%27usage_du_Roy_Delisle_Guillaume_1721.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Carte_de_France_dress%C3%A9e_pour_l%27usage_du_Roy_Delisle_Guillaume_1721.JPEG/500px-Carte_de_France_dress%C3%A9e_pour_l%27usage_du_Roy_Delisle_Guillaume_1721.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="1233" data-file-height="965" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_French_history" title="Timeline of French history">Timeline</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_France#Ancient_history" title="History of France">Ancient</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_France" title="Prehistory of France">Prehistory</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">  </td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Greeks_in_pre-Roman_Gaul" title="Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul">Greek colonies</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 600 BC – 49 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Celtic Gaul</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">   until 50 BC</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Roman_Gaul" title="Roman Gaul">Roman Gaul</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 50 BC – 486 AD</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="France in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> settlement</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">  </td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Merovingian_dynasty" title="Merovingian dynasty">Merovingians</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 481–751</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingians</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 751–987</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">     <a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia">West Francia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 843–987</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 987–1792</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">     <a href="/wiki/House_of_Capet" title="House of Capet">Direct Capetians</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 987–1328</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">     <a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois#Valois_(direct)" title="House of Valois">Valois</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1328–1498</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Early modern France">Early modern</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><i><a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a></i> <table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois#Valois-Orléans" title="House of Valois">Valois-Orléans kings</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1498–1515</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Valois#Valois-Orléans-Angoulême" title="House of Valois">Valois-Angoulême kings</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1515–1589</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbon kings</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1589–1792</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/France_in_the_long_nineteenth_century" title="France in the long nineteenth century">Long 19th century</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1789–1799</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France_(1791%E2%80%9392)" title="Kingdom of France (1791–92)">Kingdom of France</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1791–1792</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">First Republic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1792–1804</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1804–1814</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Restoration</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1814–1830</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">July Monarchy</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1830–1848</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">Second Republic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1848–1852</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second Empire</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1852–1870</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1870–1940</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">     <a href="/wiki/Belle_%C3%89poque" title="Belle Époque">Belle Époque</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1871–1914</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background: #eee;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_France_(1900_to_present)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of France (1900 to present)">20th century</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1870–1940</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">     <a href="/wiki/Interwar_France" title="Interwar France">Interwar period</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1919–1939</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;">         <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_folles" title="Années folles">Années folles</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1920–1929</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></li></ul></div></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1940–1944</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional Republic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1944–1946</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1946–1958</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">Fifth Republic</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1958–<span style="font-size:85%;">present</span></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_French_foreign_relations" title="History of French foreign relations">Diplomacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_France" title="Economic history of France">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_health_care_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="History of health care in France">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_France" title="Legal history of France">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_France" title="LGBTQ history in France">LGBTQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine_in_France" title="History of medicine in France">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_France" title="Military history of France">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" title="List of French monarchs">Monarchs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_royal_consorts" title="List of French royal consorts">Consorts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_history_of_France" title="Political history of France">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_religion_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="History of religion in France">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Christianity in France">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Islam in France">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_France" title="History of the Jews in France">Judaism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_taxation_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="History of taxation in France">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_France" title="Territorial evolution of France">Territory</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/16px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/24px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France portal</a> <b>·</b> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/16px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/24px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/32px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_France_sidebar" title="Template:History of France sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_France_sidebar" title="Template talk:History of France sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_France_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of France sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>French Revolution of 1830</b>, also known as the <b>July Revolution</b> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">révolution de Juillet</i>), <b>Second French Revolution</b>, or <b><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Trois Glorieuses</i></span></b> ("Three Glorious [Days]"), was a second French Revolution after <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">the first</a> in 1789. It led to the overthrow of King <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a>, the French <a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">Bourbon</a> monarch, and the ascent of his cousin <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe</a>, Duke of Orléans. After 18 precarious years on the throne, Louis-Philippe was overthrown in the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution_of_1848" title="French Revolution of 1848">French Revolution of 1848</a>. </p><p>The 1830 Revolution marked a shift from one <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">restored House of Bourbon</a>, to another, the <a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">July Monarchy</a>; the transition of power from the House of Bourbon to its <a href="/wiki/Cadet_branch" title="Cadet branch">cadet branch</a>, the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">House of Orléans</a>; and the replacement of the principle of <a href="/wiki/Hereditary_right" class="mw-redirect" title="Hereditary right">hereditary right</a> by that of <a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty" title="Popular sovereignty">popular sovereignty</a>. Supporters of the Bourbons would be called <a href="/wiki/Legitimist" class="mw-redirect" title="Legitimist">Legitimists</a>, and supporters of Louis Philippe were known as <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anist" title="Orléanist">Orléanists</a>. In addition, there continued to be <a href="/wiki/Bonapartists" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonapartists">Bonapartists</a> supporting the return of <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon's</a> descendants. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Revolution&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">July Revolution</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>26-29 July 1830</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Kingdom of France</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <p><b>Revolutionary victory</b> </p> <ul><li>End of Charles X's rule</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe I</a> becomes new King of the French</li> <li>Start of the uprisings in <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Revolution" title="Belgian Revolution">Belgium</a> and <a href="/wiki/November_Uprising" title="November Uprising">Poland</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Revolutionaries<br /><b>Support</b>:<br /> </p> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Bourbon_Restoration)" title="Liberal Party (Bourbon Restoration)">Liberals</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Republicanism in France">Republicans</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bonapartism" title="Bonapartism">Bonapartists</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Doctrinaires" title="Doctrinaires">Doctrinaires</a> (partial)</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/23px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/35px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/46px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> Government of France<br /><b>Support</b>: </p> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/23px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/35px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/46px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Ultra-royalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultra-royalism">Ultra-royalists</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/23px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/35px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/46px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Doctrinaires" title="Doctrinaires">Doctrinaires</a> (partial)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Thiers" title="Adolphe Thiers">Adolphe Thiers</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Laffitte" title="Jacques Laffitte">Jacques Laffitte</a><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">Marie Joseph de La Fayette</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/23px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/35px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg/46px-Pavillon_royal_de_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>After <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleonic France">Napoleonic France</a>'s defeat and <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1814)" title="Treaty of Paris (1814)">surrender in May 1814</a>, Continental Europe, and France in particular, was in a state of disarray. The <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a> met to redraw the continent's political map. Many European countries attended the Congress, but decision-making was controlled by four major powers: the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a>, represented by the Chief Minister <a href="/wiki/Klemens_Wenzel_von_Metternich" class="mw-redirect" title="Klemens Wenzel von Metternich">Prince Metternich</a>; the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a>, represented by its Foreign Secretary <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stewart,_Viscount_Castlereagh" title="Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh">Viscount Castlereagh</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, represented by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia" title="Alexander I of Russia">Emperor Alexander I</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>, represented by <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_III_of_Prussia" title="Frederick William III of Prussia">King Frederick William III</a>. </p><p>France's foreign minister, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Maurice_de_Talleyrand" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Maurice de Talleyrand">Charles Maurice de Talleyrand</a>, also attended the Congress. Although France was considered an enemy state, Talleyrand was allowed to attend the Congress because he claimed that he had only cooperated with Napoleon under duress. He suggested that France be restored to her "legitimate" (i.e. pre-Napoleonic) borders and governments—a plan that, with some changes, was accepted by the major powers. France was spared large annexations and returned to its 1791 borders. The House of Bourbon, deposed by the Revolution, was restored to the throne in the person of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII" title="Louis XVIII">Louis XVIII</a>. The Congress, however, forced Louis to grant a constitution, the <a href="/wiki/Charter_of_1814" title="Charter of 1814">Charter of 1814</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Charles_X's_reign"><span id="Charles_X.27s_reign"></span>Charles X's reign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Revolution&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Charles X's reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restoration in France</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karel_X-Koning_der_Fransen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Karel_X-Koning_der_Fransen.jpg/220px-Karel_X-Koning_der_Fransen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Karel_X-Koning_der_Fransen.jpg/330px-Karel_X-Koning_der_Fransen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Karel_X-Koning_der_Fransen.jpg/440px-Karel_X-Koning_der_Fransen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1390" data-file-height="1950" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a> in coronation robes, by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lef%C3%A8vre" title="Robert Lefèvre">Robert Lefèvre</a></figcaption></figure> <p>On 16 September 1824, after a lingering illness of several months, the 68-year-old Louis XVIII died. As he was childless, his younger brother, Charles, aged 66, inherited the throne of France. He was known to have more reactionary politics. On 27 September Charles X made his state entry into Paris to popular acclaim. During the ceremony, while presenting the King the keys to the city, the comte de Chabrol, Prefect of the Seine, declared: "Proud to possess its new king, Paris can aspire to become the queen of cities by its magnificence, as its people aspire to be foremost in its fidelity, its devotion, and its love."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Eight months later, the mood of the capital had sharply worsened in its opinion of the new king. The causes of this dramatic shift in public opinion were many, but the main two were: </p> <ul><li>Imposition of the death penalty for anyone profaning the <a href="/wiki/Eucharist" title="Eucharist">Eucharist</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Anti-Sacrilege_Act" title="Anti-Sacrilege Act">Anti-Sacrilege Act</a>).</li> <li>The provisions for financial indemnities for properties confiscated by the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">1789 Revolution</a> and the First Empire of Napoleon—these indemnities to be paid to anyone, whether noble or non-noble, who had been declared "enemies of the revolution."</li></ul> <p>Critics of the first accused the king and his new ministry of pandering to the Catholic Church, and by so doing of violating guarantees of equality of religious belief as specified in the Charter of 1814.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The second matter, that of financial indemnities, was far more opportunistic<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (August 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> than the first. Since the restoration of the monarchy, there had been demands from all groups to settle matters of property ownership in order to reduce, if not eliminate, the uncertainties in the real estate market.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But opponents, many of whom were frustrated <a href="/wiki/Bonapartists" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonapartists">Bonapartists</a>, began a whispering campaign that Charles X was proposing this action in order to shame those opponents who had not left the country. Both measures, they claimed, were nothing more than clever subterfuge meant to bring about the destruction of the Charter of 1814. </p><p>Up to this time, thanks to the popularity of the constitution and the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(France)" title="Chamber of Deputies (France)">Chamber of Deputies</a> with the people of Paris, the king's relationship with the élite—both the Bourbon supporters and Bourbon opposition—had remained solid. This, too, was about to change. On 12 April, propelled by both genuine conviction and the spirit of independence, the Chamber of Deputies roundly rejected the government's proposal to change the inheritance laws.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (August 2017)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The popular newspaper <i>Le Constitutionnel</i> pronounced this refusal "a victory over the forces of counter-revolutionaries and reactionism."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The popularity of both the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Peers_(France)" title="Chamber of Peers (France)">Chamber of Peers</a> and the Chamber of Deputies skyrocketed, and the popularity of the king and his ministry dropped. The <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Charles_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Coronation of Charles X">Coronation of Charles</a> took place at <a href="/wiki/Reims_Cathedral" title="Reims Cathedral">Reims Cathedral</a> on 29 May 1825. In an elaborate ceremony the King swore both to uphold the Charter but also France's ancient "fundamental laws".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 16 April 1827, while reviewing the <i>Garde Royale</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Champ_de_Mars" title="Champ de Mars">Champ de Mars</a>, the king was greeted with icy silence, and many of the spectators refused to remove their hats, the traditional sign of respect for the king. Charles X "later told [his cousin] Orléans that, 'although most people present were not too hostile, some looked at times with terrible expressions'."<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of what Charles X's government perceived to be growing, relentless, and increasingly vitriolic criticism of both the government and the Church, it introduced a proposal at the Chamber of Deputies for a law to tighten censorship, especially of newspapers. The Chamber, for its part, objected so violently that the humiliated government had no choice but to withdraw its proposals. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CHARLES_X_IN_THE_ROLE_OF_THE_GREAT_NUTCRACKER.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/CHARLES_X_IN_THE_ROLE_OF_THE_GREAT_NUTCRACKER.jpg/220px-CHARLES_X_IN_THE_ROLE_OF_THE_GREAT_NUTCRACKER.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="354" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/CHARLES_X_IN_THE_ROLE_OF_THE_GREAT_NUTCRACKER.jpg/330px-CHARLES_X_IN_THE_ROLE_OF_THE_GREAT_NUTCRACKER.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/CHARLES_X_IN_THE_ROLE_OF_THE_GREAT_NUTCRACKER.jpg/440px-CHARLES_X_IN_THE_ROLE_OF_THE_GREAT_NUTCRACKER.jpg 2x" data-file-width="952" data-file-height="1530" /></a><figcaption>THE GREAT NUTCRACKER OF JULY 25th. In this caricature, Charles X attempts to break a billiard ball marked "charter" with his teeth, but finds the nut too hard to crack.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 30 April, on the grounds that it had behaved in an offensive manner towards the crown, the king abruptly dissolved the National Guard of Paris, a voluntary group of citizens formerly considered a reliable conduit between the monarchy and the people. Cooler heads were appalled: "[I] would rather have my head cut off", wrote a nobleman from the <a href="/wiki/Rhineland" title="Rhineland">Rhineland</a> upon hearing the news, "than have counseled such an act: the only further measure needed to cause a revolution is censorship."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 17 March 1830, the majority in the Chamber of Deputies passed a <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">motion of no confidence</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Address_of_the_221" title="Address of the 221">Address of the 221</a>, against the king and <a href="/wiki/Jules_de_Polignac" title="Jules de Polignac">Polignac</a>'s ministry. The following day, Charles dissolved parliament, and alarmed the opposition by delaying elections for two months. During this time, the liberals championed the "221" as popular heroes, while the government struggled to gain support across the country, as prefects were shuffled around the <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">departments of France</a>. The <a href="/wiki/1830_French_legislative_election" title="1830 French legislative election">elections that followed</a>, taking place between 5 and 19 July 1830, returned a narrow majority for Polignac and his <a href="/wiki/Ultra-royalist" title="Ultra-royalist">Ultra-royalists</a>, but many Chamber members were nevertheless hostile to the king. </p><p>On Sunday, 25 July 1830, the king, with the agreement of Polignac, set out to alter the Charter of 1814 by decree. His decrees, known as the <a href="/wiki/July_Ordinances" title="July Ordinances">July Ordinances</a>, dissolved the Chamber of Deputies, suspended the liberty of the press, excluded the commercial middle class from future elections, and called for new elections. On Monday 26 July, these decrees were published in the leading conservative newspaper in Paris, <a href="/wiki/Le_Moniteur_Universel" title="Le Moniteur Universel"><i>Le Moniteur</i></a>. On Tuesday 27 July, a revolution began in earnest <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Les trois journées de juillet</i></span>, and ultimately ended the Bourbon monarchy. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Three_Glorious_Days">The Three Glorious Days</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Revolution&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Three Glorious Days"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monday,_26_July_1830"><span id="Monday.2C_26_July_1830"></span>Monday, 26 July 1830</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Revolution&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Monday, 26 July 1830"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lar7_cogniet_001z.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Lar7_cogniet_001z.jpg/260px-Lar7_cogniet_001z.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Lar7_cogniet_001z.jpg/390px-Lar7_cogniet_001z.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Lar7_cogniet_001z.jpg/520px-Lar7_cogniet_001z.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1253" /></a><figcaption><i>Scenes of July 1830</i>, a painting by <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Cogniet" title="Léon Cogniet">Léon Cogniet</a> alluding to the July revolution of 1830</figcaption></figure> <p>It was a hot, dry summer, pushing those who could afford it to leave Paris for the country. Most businessmen could not, and so were among the first to learn of the Saint-Cloud "Ordinances", which banned them from running as candidates for the Chamber of Deputies. Such membership was indispensable to those who sought the ultimate in social prestige. In protest, members of the <i>Bourse</i> refused to lend money, and business owners shuttered their factories. Workers were unceremoniously turned out into the street to fend for themselves. Unemployment, which had been growing through early summer, spiked. "Large numbers of... workers therefore had nothing to do but protest."<sup id="cite_ref-Mansel238_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mansel238-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While newspapers such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_des_d%C3%A9bats" title="Journal des débats">Journal des débats</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Moniteur_Universel" title="Le Moniteur Universel">Le Moniteur</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Constitutionnel" title="Le Constitutionnel">Le Constitutionnel</a></i> had already ceased publication in compliance with the new law, nearly 50 journalists from a dozen city newspapers met in the offices of <i><a href="/wiki/Le_National_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Le National (newspaper)">Le National</a></i>. There they signed a collective protest, and vowed their newspapers would continue to run.<sup id="cite_ref-Mansel238_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mansel238-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>That evening, when police raided a news press and seized contraband newspapers, they were greeted by a sweltering, unemployed mob angrily shouting, "<i>À bas les Bourbons!</i>" ("Down with the Bourbons!") and "<i>Vive la Charte!</i>" ("Long live the Charter!"). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Armand_Carrel" title="Armand Carrel">Armand Carrel</a>, a journalist, wrote in the next day's edition of <i>Le National</i>: </p> <blockquote><p>France... falls back into revolution by the act of the government itself... the legal regime is now interrupted, that of <u>force</u> has begun... in the situation in which we are now placed obedience has ceased to be a duty... It is for France to judge how far its own resistance ought to extend.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Despite public anger over the police raid, Jean-Henri-Claude Magin, the Paris <i><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9fet_de_police" class="mw-redirect" title="Préfet de police">Préfet de police</a></i>, wrote that evening: "the most perfect tranquility continues to reign in all parts of the capital. No event worthy of attention is recorded in the reports that have come through to me."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tuesday,_27_July_1830:_Day_One"><span id="Tuesday.2C_27_July_1830:_Day_One"></span>Tuesday, 27 July 1830: Day One</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Revolution&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Tuesday, 27 July 1830: Day One"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saisie_des_presses_du_National.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Saisie_des_presses_du_National.jpg/260px-Saisie_des_presses_du_National.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Saisie_des_presses_du_National.jpg/390px-Saisie_des_presses_du_National.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Saisie_des_presses_du_National.jpg/520px-Saisie_des_presses_du_National.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1305" data-file-height="896" /></a><figcaption> Seizure of the presses of the <i>Le National</i>, a triggering event of the July Revolution. Paris, 27 July.</figcaption></figure> <p>Throughout the day, Paris grew quiet as the milling crowds grew larger. At 4:30 pm commanders of the troops of the First Military division of Paris and the <i>Garde Royale</i> were ordered to concentrate their troops, and guns, on the <a href="/wiki/Place_du_Carrousel" title="Place du Carrousel">Place du Carrousel</a> facing the <a href="/wiki/Tuileries" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuileries">Tuileries</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Place_Vend%C3%B4me" title="Place Vendôme">Place Vendôme</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_Bastille" title="Place de la Bastille">Place de la Bastille</a>. In order to maintain order and protect gun shops from looters, military patrols throughout the city were established, strengthened, and expanded. However, no special measures were taken to protect either the arm depots or gunpowder factories. For a time, those precautions seemed premature, but at 7:00 pm, with the coming of twilight, the fighting began. "Parisians, rather than soldiers, were the aggressor. Paving stones, roof tiles, and flowerpots from the upper windows... began to rain down on the soldiers in the streets".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At first, soldiers fired warning shots into the air. But before the night was over, twenty-one civilians were killed. Rioters then paraded the corpse of one of their fallen throughout the streets shouting "<i>Mort aux Ministres!</i> <i>À bas les aristocrates!</i>" ("Death to the ministers! Down with the aristocrats!") </p><p>One witness wrote: </p> <blockquote> <p>[I saw] a crowd of agitated people pass by and disappear, then a troop of cavalry succeed them... In every direction and at intervals... Indistinct noises, gunshots, and then for a time all is silent again so for a time one could believe that everything in the city was normal. But all the shops are shut; the <a href="/wiki/Pont_Neuf" title="Pont Neuf">Pont Neuf</a> is almost completely dark, the stupefaction visible on every face reminds us all too much of the crisis we face....<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>In 1828, the city of Paris had installed some 2,000 <a href="/wiki/Street_lamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Street lamp">street lamps</a>. These lanterns were hung on ropes looped-on-looped from one pole to another, as opposed to being secured on posts. The rioting lasted well into the night until most of them had been destroyed by 10:00 PM, forcing the crowds to slip away. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Wednesday,_28_July_1830:_Day_Two"><span id="Wednesday.2C_28_July_1830:_Day_Two"></span>Wednesday, 28 July 1830: Day Two</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Revolution&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Wednesday, 28 July 1830: Day Two"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prise_de_l%27H%C3%B4tel_de_ville_-_le_Pont_d%27Arcole.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Prise_de_l%27H%C3%B4tel_de_ville_-_le_Pont_d%27Arcole.JPG/260px-Prise_de_l%27H%C3%B4tel_de_ville_-_le_Pont_d%27Arcole.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Prise_de_l%27H%C3%B4tel_de_ville_-_le_Pont_d%27Arcole.JPG/390px-Prise_de_l%27H%C3%B4tel_de_ville_-_le_Pont_d%27Arcole.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Prise_de_l%27H%C3%B4tel_de_ville_-_le_Pont_d%27Arcole.JPG/520px-Prise_de_l%27H%C3%B4tel_de_ville_-_le_Pont_d%27Arcole.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2218" /></a><figcaption>Taking of the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Paris" title="Hôtel de Ville, Paris">Hôtel de Ville</a> (revolutionaries went there in 1789, and later 1848 and 1870), by Amédée Bourgeois</figcaption></figure> <p>Fighting in Paris continued throughout the night. One eyewitness wrote: </p> <blockquote><p>It is hardly a quarter past eight, and already shouts and gun shots can be heard. Business is at a complete standstill.... Crowds rushing through the streets... the sound of cannon and gunfire is becoming ever louder.... Cries of "<i>À bas le roi!', 'À la guillotine!!</i>" can be heard....<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Charles X ordered Maréchal <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Marmont" class="mw-redirect" title="Auguste Marmont">Auguste Marmont</a>, Duke of Ragusa, the on-duty Major-General of the <i>Garde Royale</i>, to repress the disturbances. Marmont was personally liberal, and opposed to the ministry's policy, but was bound tightly to the King because he believed such to be his duty; and possibly because of his unpopularity for his generally perceived and widely criticized desertion of Napoleon in 1814.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2018)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The king remained at Saint-Cloud, but was kept abreast of the events in Paris by his ministers, who insisted that the troubles would end as soon as the rioters ran out of ammunition. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R%C3%A9volution_de_1830_-_Combat_devant_l%27h%C3%B4tel_de_ville_-_28.07.1830.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/R%C3%A9volution_de_1830_-_Combat_devant_l%27h%C3%B4tel_de_ville_-_28.07.1830.jpg/260px-R%C3%A9volution_de_1830_-_Combat_devant_l%27h%C3%B4tel_de_ville_-_28.07.1830.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/R%C3%A9volution_de_1830_-_Combat_devant_l%27h%C3%B4tel_de_ville_-_28.07.1830.jpg/390px-R%C3%A9volution_de_1830_-_Combat_devant_l%27h%C3%B4tel_de_ville_-_28.07.1830.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/R%C3%A9volution_de_1830_-_Combat_devant_l%27h%C3%B4tel_de_ville_-_28.07.1830.jpg/520px-R%C3%A9volution_de_1830_-_Combat_devant_l%27h%C3%B4tel_de_ville_-_28.07.1830.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4169" data-file-height="3850" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fight_in_Front_of_the_City_Hall_on_28_July_1830" title="Fight in Front of the City Hall on 28 July 1830"><i>Fight in front of the City Hall on 28 July 1830</i></a>, by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Victor_Schnetz" title="Jean-Victor Schnetz">Jean-Victor Schnetz</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Marmont's plan was to have the <i>Garde Royale</i> and available line units of the city garrison guard the vital thoroughfares and bridges of the city, as well as protect important buildings such as the <a href="/wiki/Palais_Royal" class="mw-redirect" title="Palais Royal">Palais Royal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palais_de_Justice,_Paris" title="Palais de Justice, Paris">Palais de Justice</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Paris" title="Hôtel de Ville, Paris">Hôtel de Ville</a>. This plan was both ill-considered and wildly ambitious;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2018)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> not only were there not enough troops, but there were also nowhere near enough provisions. The <i>Garde Royale</i> was mostly loyal for the moment, but the attached line units were wavering: a small but growing number of troops were deserting; some merely slipping away, others leaving, not caring who saw them. </p><p>In Paris, a committee of the Bourbon opposition, composed of banker-and-kingmaker <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Laffitte" title="Jacques Laffitte">Jacques Laffitte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Casimir_Pierre_Perier" class="mw-redirect" title="Casimir Pierre Perier">Casimir Perier</a>, Generals <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Maurice_G%C3%A9rard" title="Étienne Maurice Gérard">Étienne Gérard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georges_Mouton" title="Georges Mouton">Georges Mouton, comte de Lobau</a>, among others, had drawn up and signed a petition in which they asked for the <i>ordonnances</i> to be withdrawn. The petition was critical "not of the King, but his ministers", thereby countering the conviction of Charles X that his liberal opponents were enemies of his dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After signing the petition, committee members went directly to Marmont to beg for an end to the bloodshed, and to plead with him to become a mediator between Saint-Cloud and Paris. Marmont acknowledged the petition, but stated that the people of Paris would have to lay down arms first for a settlement to be reached. Discouraged but not despairing, the party then sought out the king's chief minister, <a href="/wiki/Jules_Armand,_prince_de_Polignac" class="mw-redirect" title="Jules Armand, prince de Polignac">de Polignac</a> – "<i><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Jeanne d'Arc</a> en culottes</i>". From Polignac they received even less satisfaction. He refused to see them, perhaps because he knew that discussions would be a waste of time.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2018)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Like Marmont, he knew that Charles X considered the <i>ordonnances</i> vital to the safety and dignity of the throne of France. Thus, the King would not withdraw the <i>ordonnances</i>. </p><p>At 4 pm, Charles X received Colonel Komierowski, one of Marmont's chief aides. The colonel was carrying a note from Marmont to his Majesty: </p> <blockquote><p>Sire, it is no longer a riot, it is a revolution. It is urgent for Your Majesty to take measures for pacification. The honour of the crown can still be saved. Tomorrow, perhaps, there will be no more time... I await with impatience Your Majesty's orders.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The king asked Polignac for advice, and the advice was to resist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thursday,_29_July_1830:_Day_Three"><span id="Thursday.2C_29_July_1830:_Day_Three"></span>Thursday, 29 July 1830: Day Three</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Revolution&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Thursday, 29 July 1830: Day Three"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:R%C3%A9volution_de_1830_-_Combat_de_la_rue_de_Rohan_-_29.07.1830.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/R%C3%A9volution_de_1830_-_Combat_de_la_rue_de_Rohan_-_29.07.1830.jpg/260px-R%C3%A9volution_de_1830_-_Combat_de_la_rue_de_Rohan_-_29.07.1830.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/R%C3%A9volution_de_1830_-_Combat_de_la_rue_de_Rohan_-_29.07.1830.jpg/390px-R%C3%A9volution_de_1830_-_Combat_de_la_rue_de_Rohan_-_29.07.1830.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/R%C3%A9volution_de_1830_-_Combat_de_la_rue_de_Rohan_-_29.07.1830.jpg/520px-R%C3%A9volution_de_1830_-_Combat_de_la_rue_de_Rohan_-_29.07.1830.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2990" data-file-height="2183" /></a><figcaption><i>Battle at the Rue de Rohan</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Lecomte" title="Hippolyte Lecomte">Hippolyte Lecomte</a></figcaption></figure> <blockquote><p>"They (the king and ministers) do not come to Paris", wrote the poet, novelist and playwright <a href="/wiki/Alfred_de_Vigny" title="Alfred de Vigny">Alfred de Vigny</a>, "people are dying for them ... Not one prince has appeared. The poor men of the guard abandoned without orders, without bread for two days, hunted everywhere and fighting."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Perhaps for the same reason, royalists were nowhere to be found; perhaps another reason was that now the <i>révoltés</i> were well organized and very well armed. In only a day and a night, over 4,000 barricades had been thrown up throughout the city. The tricolor flag of the revolutionaries – the "people's flag" – flew over buildings, an increasing number of them important buildings. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arriv%C3%A9e_du_Duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_au_Palais-Royal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Arriv%C3%A9e_du_Duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_au_Palais-Royal.jpg/170px-Arriv%C3%A9e_du_Duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_au_Palais-Royal.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Arriv%C3%A9e_du_Duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_au_Palais-Royal.jpg/255px-Arriv%C3%A9e_du_Duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_au_Palais-Royal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Arriv%C3%A9e_du_Duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_au_Palais-Royal.jpg/340px-Arriv%C3%A9e_du_Duc_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans_au_Palais-Royal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1008" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption><i>The arrival of the duc d'Orléans (Louis Phillipe) at the <a href="/wiki/Palais-Royal" title="Palais-Royal">Palais-Royal</a></i>, by Jean-Baptiste Carbillet</figcaption></figure> <p>Marmont lacked either the initiative or the presence of mind to call for additional troops from Saint-Denis, Vincennes, Lunéville, or Saint-Omer; neither did he ask for help from reservists or those Parisians still loyal to Charles X. The Bourbon opposition and supporters of the July Revolution swarmed to his headquarters demanding the arrest of Polignac and the other ministers, while supporters of the Bourbon and city leaders demanded he arrest the rioters and their puppet masters. Marmont refused to act on either request, instead awaiting orders from the king. </p><p>By 1:30 pm, the <a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Palace" title="Tuileries Palace">Tuileries Palace</a> had been sacked. A man wearing a ball dress belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Marie-Caroline_de_Bourbon-Sicile,_duchesse_de_Berry" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie-Caroline de Bourbon-Sicile, duchesse de Berry">duchesse de Berry</a>, the king's widowed daughter in law and the mother of the heir to the throne, with feathers and flowers in his hair, screamed from a palace window: '<i>Je reçois! Je reçois!</i>' ('I receive! I receive!') Others drank wine from the palace cellars."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Earlier that day, the <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a> had fallen, even more quickly. Swiss troops of the Royal Army, confronted by the mob and under orders from Marmont not to fire unless fired upon, were withdrawn by their officers who feared a repetition of the massacre of <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guards" title="Swiss Guards">Swiss Guards</a> that had occurred when the <a href="/wiki/Insurrection_of_10_August_1792" title="Insurrection of 10 August 1792">Tuileries had been stormed on 10 August 1792</a>. </p><p>By mid-afternoon, the greatest prize, the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Paris" title="Hôtel de Ville, Paris">Hôtel de Ville</a>, had been captured. The amount of looting during these three days was surprisingly small<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>; not only at the <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a>—whose paintings and <i>objets d'art</i> were protected by the crowd—but the Tuileries, the <a href="/wiki/Palais_de_Justice,_Paris" title="Palais de Justice, Paris">Palais de Justice</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop%27s_Palace_of_Paris" title="Archbishop's Palace of Paris">Archbishop's Palace</a>, and other places as well. </p><p>A few hours later, politicians entered the battered complex and set about establishing a provisional government. Though there would be spots of fighting throughout the city for the next few days, the revolution, for all intents and purposes, was over. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Result">Result</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Revolution&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Result"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vernet_-_31_juillet_1830_-_Louis-Philippe_quitte_le_Palais-Royal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Vernet_-_31_juillet_1830_-_Louis-Philippe_quitte_le_Palais-Royal.jpg/260px-Vernet_-_31_juillet_1830_-_Louis-Philippe_quitte_le_Palais-Royal.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Vernet_-_31_juillet_1830_-_Louis-Philippe_quitte_le_Palais-Royal.jpg/390px-Vernet_-_31_juillet_1830_-_Louis-Philippe_quitte_le_Palais-Royal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Vernet_-_31_juillet_1830_-_Louis-Philippe_quitte_le_Palais-Royal.jpg/520px-Vernet_-_31_juillet_1830_-_Louis-Philippe_quitte_le_Palais-Royal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1396" data-file-height="1164" /></a><figcaption><i>Louis-Phillipe going from the Palais Royal to the Hôtel de Ville, 31 July 1830</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Horace_Vernet" title="Horace Vernet">Horace Vernet</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The revolution of July 1830 created a constitutional monarchy. On 2 August, Charles X and his son the <a href="/wiki/Louis_Antoine,_Duke_of_Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Louis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême">Dauphin</a> abdicated their rights to the throne and departed for Great Britain. Although Charles had intended that his grandson, the <a href="/wiki/Henri,_Count_of_Chambord" title="Henri, Count of Chambord">Duke of Bordeaux</a>, would take the throne as Henry V, the politicians who composed the provisional government instead placed on the throne a distant cousin, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Philippe_I" title="Louis Philippe I">Louis Philippe</a> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Orl%C3%A9ans" title="House of Orléans">House of Orléans</a>, who agreed to rule as a constitutional monarch. This period became known as the <a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">July Monarchy</a>. Supporters of the exiled senior line of the Bourbon dynasty became known as <a href="/wiki/Legitimists" title="Legitimists">Legitimists</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/July_Column" title="July Column">July Column</a>, located on <a href="/wiki/Place_de_la_Bastille" title="Place de la Bastille">Place de la Bastille</a>, commemorates the events of the Three Glorious Days. </p><p>This renewed French Revolution sparked an <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Revolution" title="Belgian Revolution">August uprising</a> in Brussels and the Southern Provinces of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="United Kingdom of the Netherlands">United Kingdom of the Netherlands</a>, leading to separation and the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Belgium">Kingdom of Belgium</a>. There was also a successful revolution in <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brunswick" title="Duchy of Brunswick">Brunswick</a>. The example of the July Revolution also inspired unsuccessful revolutions in Italy and the <a href="/wiki/November_Uprising" title="November Uprising">November Uprising</a> in Poland. </p><p>Two years later, Parisian republicans, disillusioned by the outcome and underlying motives of the uprising, revolted in an event known as the <a href="/wiki/June_Rebellion" title="June Rebellion">June Rebellion</a>. Although the insurrection was crushed within less than a week, the July Monarchy remained doubtfully popular, disliked for different reasons by both Right and Left, and was eventually <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution_of_1848" title="French Revolution of 1848">overthrown in 1848</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Revolution&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-nolines"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lepoittevin--Souvenirs_patriotiques_no_1--1830--Rijksmuseum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eugène Lepoittevin, Souvenirs patriotiques no. 1, 1830, Rijksmuseum"><img alt="Eugène Lepoittevin, Souvenirs patriotiques no. 1, 1830, Rijksmuseum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Lepoittevin--Souvenirs_patriotiques_no_1--1830--Rijksmuseum.jpg/200px-Lepoittevin--Souvenirs_patriotiques_no_1--1830--Rijksmuseum.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Lepoittevin--Souvenirs_patriotiques_no_1--1830--Rijksmuseum.jpg/300px-Lepoittevin--Souvenirs_patriotiques_no_1--1830--Rijksmuseum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Lepoittevin--Souvenirs_patriotiques_no_1--1830--Rijksmuseum.jpg/400px-Lepoittevin--Souvenirs_patriotiques_no_1--1830--Rijksmuseum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5348" data-file-height="4052" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Lepoittevin" title="Eugène Lepoittevin">Eugène Lepoittevin</a>, <i>Souvenirs patriotiques</i> no. 1, 1830, Rijksmuseum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Souvenirs_patriotiques_no_2_par_Eug%C3%A8ne_Lepoittevin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eugène Lepoittevin, Souvenirs patriotiques no. 2, 1830, Bibliothèque nationale de France"><img alt="Eugène Lepoittevin, Souvenirs patriotiques no. 2, 1830, Bibliothèque nationale de France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Souvenirs_patriotiques_no_2_par_Eug%C3%A8ne_Lepoittevin.jpg/200px-Souvenirs_patriotiques_no_2_par_Eug%C3%A8ne_Lepoittevin.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Souvenirs_patriotiques_no_2_par_Eug%C3%A8ne_Lepoittevin.jpg/300px-Souvenirs_patriotiques_no_2_par_Eug%C3%A8ne_Lepoittevin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Souvenirs_patriotiques_no_2_par_Eug%C3%A8ne_Lepoittevin.jpg/400px-Souvenirs_patriotiques_no_2_par_Eug%C3%A8ne_Lepoittevin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1372" data-file-height="1007" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Lepoittevin" title="Eugène Lepoittevin">Eugène Lepoittevin</a>, <i>Souvenirs patriotiques</i> no. 2, 1830, <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lepoittevin--Souvenirs_patriotiques_no_3--1830--Rijksmuseum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eugène Lepoittevin, Souvenirs patriotiques no. 3, 1830, Rijksmuseum"><img alt="Eugène Lepoittevin, Souvenirs patriotiques no. 3, 1830, Rijksmuseum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lepoittevin--Souvenirs_patriotiques_no_3--1830--Rijksmuseum.jpg/200px-Lepoittevin--Souvenirs_patriotiques_no_3--1830--Rijksmuseum.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lepoittevin--Souvenirs_patriotiques_no_3--1830--Rijksmuseum.jpg/300px-Lepoittevin--Souvenirs_patriotiques_no_3--1830--Rijksmuseum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Lepoittevin--Souvenirs_patriotiques_no_3--1830--Rijksmuseum.jpg/400px-Lepoittevin--Souvenirs_patriotiques_no_3--1830--Rijksmuseum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5400" data-file-height="3972" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Lepoittevin" title="Eugène Lepoittevin">Eugène Lepoittevin</a>, <i>Souvenirs patriotiques</i> no. 3, 1830, Rijksmuseum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eug%C3%A8ne_Lepoittevin,_studies_of_soldiers_and_a_dead_horse,_1830,_Rijksmuseum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eugène Lepoittevin, studies of soldiers and a dead horse, 1830, Rijksmuseum"><img alt="Eugène Lepoittevin, studies of soldiers and a dead horse, 1830, Rijksmuseum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Eug%C3%A8ne_Lepoittevin%2C_studies_of_soldiers_and_a_dead_horse%2C_1830%2C_Rijksmuseum.jpg/200px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Lepoittevin%2C_studies_of_soldiers_and_a_dead_horse%2C_1830%2C_Rijksmuseum.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Eug%C3%A8ne_Lepoittevin%2C_studies_of_soldiers_and_a_dead_horse%2C_1830%2C_Rijksmuseum.jpg/300px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Lepoittevin%2C_studies_of_soldiers_and_a_dead_horse%2C_1830%2C_Rijksmuseum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Eug%C3%A8ne_Lepoittevin%2C_studies_of_soldiers_and_a_dead_horse%2C_1830%2C_Rijksmuseum.jpg/400px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Lepoittevin%2C_studies_of_soldiers_and_a_dead_horse%2C_1830%2C_Rijksmuseum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3056" data-file-height="2257" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Lepoittevin" title="Eugène Lepoittevin">Eugène Lepoittevin</a>, studies of soldiers and a dead horse, 1830, Rijksmuseum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eug%C3%A8ne_Lepoittevin,_28_Juillet_1830_lithograph.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eugène Lepoittevin, 28 Juillet 1830: Premier Rassemblement des Citoyens et des Elèves de l'école Polytechnique Place du Panthéon, 1830"><img alt="Eugène Lepoittevin, 28 Juillet 1830: Premier Rassemblement des Citoyens et des Elèves de l'école Polytechnique Place du Panthéon, 1830" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Eug%C3%A8ne_Lepoittevin%2C_28_Juillet_1830_lithograph.jpg/200px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Lepoittevin%2C_28_Juillet_1830_lithograph.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Eug%C3%A8ne_Lepoittevin%2C_28_Juillet_1830_lithograph.jpg/300px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Lepoittevin%2C_28_Juillet_1830_lithograph.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Eug%C3%A8ne_Lepoittevin%2C_28_Juillet_1830_lithograph.jpg/400px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Lepoittevin%2C_28_Juillet_1830_lithograph.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="1054" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Lepoittevin" title="Eugène Lepoittevin">Eugène Lepoittevin</a>, <i>28 Juillet 1830: Premier Rassemblement des Citoyens et des Elèves de l'école Polytechnique Place du Panthéon</i>, 1830</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:J-B_Goyet--Une_Famille_Parisienne--01_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jean-Baptiste Goyet, Une Famille Parisienne (le 28 Juillet 1830), 1830."><img alt="Jean-Baptiste Goyet, Une Famille Parisienne (le 28 Juillet 1830), 1830." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/J-B_Goyet--Une_Famille_Parisienne--01_%28cropped%29.jpg/134px-J-B_Goyet--Une_Famille_Parisienne--01_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/J-B_Goyet--Une_Famille_Parisienne--01_%28cropped%29.jpg/202px-J-B_Goyet--Une_Famille_Parisienne--01_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/J-B_Goyet--Une_Famille_Parisienne--01_%28cropped%29.jpg/269px-J-B_Goyet--Une_Famille_Parisienne--01_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1898" data-file-height="2822" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Goyet" title="Jean-Baptiste Goyet">Jean-Baptiste Goyet</a>, <i>Une Famille Parisienne (le 28 Juillet 1830)</i>, 1830.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:J-B_Goyet--Une_Famille_Parisienne--02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Jean-Baptiste Goyet, Une Famille Parisienne (le 30 Juillet 1830), 1830."><img alt="Jean-Baptiste Goyet, Une Famille Parisienne (le 30 Juillet 1830), 1830." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/J-B_Goyet--Une_Famille_Parisienne--02.jpg/143px-J-B_Goyet--Une_Famille_Parisienne--02.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/J-B_Goyet--Une_Famille_Parisienne--02.jpg/215px-J-B_Goyet--Une_Famille_Parisienne--02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/J-B_Goyet--Une_Famille_Parisienne--02.jpg/286px-J-B_Goyet--Une_Famille_Parisienne--02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2138" data-file-height="2986" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Goyet" title="Jean-Baptiste Goyet">Jean-Baptiste Goyet</a>, <i>Une Famille Parisienne (le 30 Juillet 1830)</i>, 1830.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Revolution&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_revolution" title="Bourgeois revolution">Bourgeois revolution</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Revolution&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMansel2001">Mansel 2001</a>, p. 198</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMansel2001">Mansel 2001</a>, p. 200</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLedré1960" class="citation book cs1">Ledré, Charles (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lapresselassault0000unse"><i>La Presse à l'assaut de la monarchie</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Armand_Colin" title="Armand Colin">Armand Colin</a>. p. 70.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Presse+%C3%A0+l%27assaut+de+la+monarchie&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Armand+Colin&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Ledr%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flapresselassault0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrice2010" class="citation book cs1">Price, Munro (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CQowmIj8D4sC"><i>The Perilous Crown: France Between Revolutions, 1814-1848</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Pan_Macmillan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan Macmillan">Pan Macmillan</a>. p. 119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-330-53937-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-330-53937-1"><bdi>978-0-330-53937-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Perilous+Crown%3A+France+Between+Revolutions%2C+1814-1848&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Pan+Macmillan&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-330-53937-1&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Munro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCQowmIj8D4sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marie Amélie, 356; (17 April 1827); Antonetti, 527.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Duc de Dolberg, Castellan, II, 176 (letter 30 April 1827)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mansel238-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mansel238_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mansel238_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMansel2001">Mansel 2001</a>, p. 238</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPinkney1972">Pinkney 1972</a>, p. 83–84; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Rémusat1880" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Madame_de_R%C3%A9musat" title="Madame de Rémusat">de Rémusat, Madame</a> (1880). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3H0vAAAAMAAJ"><i>Mémoires de Madame de Rémusat 1802-1808</i></a> (in French). Vol. 2. Calmann Lévy. pp. 313–314.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=M%C3%A9moires+de+Madame+de+R%C3%A9musat+1802-1808&rft.pages=313-314&rft.pub=Calmann+L%C3%A9vy&rft.date=1880&rft.aulast=de+R%C3%A9musat&rft.aufirst=Madame&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3H0vAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span>; Lendré 107</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPinkney1972">Pinkney 1972</a>, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMansel2001">Mansel 2001</a>, p. 239.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlivier1951" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Juste_Olivier" title="Juste Olivier">Olivier, Juste</a> (1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/parisjournal0000unse"><i>Paris en 1830</i></a>. Paris: <a href="/wiki/Mercure_de_France" title="Mercure de France">Mercure de France</a>. p. 244.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paris+en+1830&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=244&rft.pub=Mercure+de+France&rft.date=1951&rft.aulast=Olivier&rft.aufirst=Juste&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fparisjournal0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlivier1951">Olivier 1951</a>, p. 247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMansel2001">Mansel 2001</a>, p. 245.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMansel2001">Mansel 2001</a>, p. 247.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Vigny1867" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">de Vigny, Alfred (1867). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:fr:Journal d’un poète"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/fr:Journal_d%E2%80%99un_po%C3%A8te"><i>Journal d'un poète</i> </a></span> (in French). p. 33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+d%27un+po%C3%A8te&rft.pages=33&rft.date=1867&rft.aulast=de+Vigny&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Chateaubriand1849" class="citation book cs1">de Chateaubriand, François-René (1849). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ebooks-bnr.com/ebooks/pdf4/chateaubriand_memoires_outre_tombe3.pdf"><i>Mémoires d'Outre-Tombe</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Vol. 3. <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of France">National Library of France</a>. p. 120.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=M%C3%A9moires+d%27Outre-Tombe&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=National+Library+of+France&rft.date=1849&rft.aulast=de+Chateaubriand&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7ois-Ren%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Febooks-bnr.com%2Febooks%2Fpdf4%2Fchateaubriand_memoires_outre_tombe3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span>; Fontaine II, 849 (letter of 9 August 1830).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Revolution&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinkney1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_H._Pinkney" title="David H. Pinkney">Pinkney, David H.</a> (1972). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/frenchrevolution0000pink"><i>The French Revolution of 1830</i></a></span>. Princeton (N.J.): <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-05202-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-05202-1"><bdi>978-0-691-05202-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+French+Revolution+of+1830&rft.place=Princeton+%28N.J.%29&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-691-05202-1&rft.aulast=Pinkney&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffrenchrevolution0000pink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMansel2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Mansel" title="Philip Mansel">Mansel, Philip</a> (2001). <a href="/wiki/Paris_Between_Empires,_1814%E2%80%931852" title="Paris Between Empires, 1814–1852"><i>Paris Between Empires: Monarchy and Revolution 1814-1852</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-98660-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-98660-5"><bdi>978-0-312-98660-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paris+Between+Empires%3A+Monarchy+and+Revolution+1814-1852&rft.place=London&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-312-98660-5&rft.aulast=Mansel&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Revolution&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:French_Revolution_of_1830" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:French Revolution of 1830">French Revolution of 1830</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntonetti1994" class="citation book cs1">Antonetti, Guy (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/louisphilippe0000anto"><i>Louis-Philippe</i></a>. Collection particulière. Paris: <a href="/wiki/Fayard" title="Fayard">Fayard</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-213-59222-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-213-59222-0"><bdi>978-2-213-59222-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Louis-Philippe&rft.place=Paris&rft.series=Collection+particuli%C3%A8re&rft.pub=Fayard&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-2-213-59222-0&rft.aulast=Antonetti&rft.aufirst=Guy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flouisphilippe0000anto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerenson2014" class="citation book cs1">Berenson, Edward (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4Kv_AwAAQBAJ"><i>Populist Religion and Left-Wing Politics in France, 1830-1852</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University_Press" title="Princeton University Press">Princeton University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-5327-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-5327-4"><bdi>978-1-4008-5327-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Populist+Religion+and+Left-Wing+Politics+in+France%2C+1830-1852&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-5327-4&rft.aulast=Berenson&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4Kv_AwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollinghamAlexander1988" class="citation book cs1">Collingham, H. A. C.; Alexander, R. S. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780582013346"><i>The July monarchy: a political history of France, 1830-1848</i></a>. London ; New York: <a href="/wiki/Longman" title="Longman">Longman</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-582-02186-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-582-02186-0"><bdi>978-0-582-02186-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+July+monarchy%3A+a+political+history+of+France%2C+1830-1848&rft.place=London+%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-582-02186-0&rft.aulast=Collingham&rft.aufirst=H.+A.+C.&rft.au=Alexander%2C+R.+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780582013346&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFortescue2005" class="citation book cs1">Fortescue, William (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PVI6hYFDjFIC"><i>France and 1848: the end of monarchy</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-31462-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-31462-6"><bdi>978-0-415-31462-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=France+and+1848%3A+the+end+of+monarchy&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-415-31462-6&rft.aulast=Fortescue&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPVI6hYFDjFIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHone1830" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Hone" title="William Hone">Hone, William</a> (1830). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=10tiAAAAcAAJ"><i>Full Annals of the Revolution in France, 1830</i></a> (Second ed.). London: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tegg" title="Thomas Tegg">Thomas Tegg</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Full+Annals+of+the+Revolution+in+France%2C+1830&rft.place=London&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=Thomas+Tegg&rft.date=1830&rft.aulast=Hone&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D10tiAAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowarth1961" class="citation book cs1">Howarth, T. E. B. (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/citizenkinglifeo0000howa"><i>Citizen-king: The Life of Louis Philippe</i></a>. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Citizen-king%3A+The+Life+of+Louis+Philippe&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Eyre+%26+Spottiswoode&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Howarth&rft.aufirst=T.+E.+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcitizenkinglifeo0000howa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucas-Dubreton1929" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lucas-Dubreton" title="Jean Lucas-Dubreton">Lucas-Dubreton, Jean</a> (1929). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/restorationjulym0008jluc"><i>The Restoration and the July Monarchy</i></a>. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Frantz_Funck-Brentano" title="Frantz Funck-Brentano">Funck-Brentano, Frantz</a>. Introduction by <a href="/wiki/J._E._C._Bodley" class="mw-redirect" title="J. E. C. Bodley">J. E. C. Bodley</a>. <a href="/wiki/G._P._Putnam%27s_Sons" title="G. P. Putnam's Sons">G. P. Putnam's Sons</a>. pp. 174–368.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Restoration+and+the+July+Monarchy&rft.pages=174-368&rft.pub=G.+P.+Putnam%27s+Sons&rft.date=1929&rft.aulast=Lucas-Dubreton&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frestorationjulym0008jluc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewmanLawrence_Simpson1987" class="citation book cs1">Newman, Edgar Leon; Lawrence Simpson, Robert, eds. (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0002unse_y9w6"><i>Historical dictionary of France from the 1815 restoration to the Second Empire</i></a>. Vol. 1. New York: <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwood Press">Greenwood Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-22751-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-22751-6"><bdi>978-0-313-22751-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+dictionary+of+France+from+the+1815+restoration+to+the+Second+Empire&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-313-22751-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoricaldictio0002unse_y9w6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPilbeam1989" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Pilbeam" title="Pamela Pilbeam">Pilbeam, Pamela</a> (June 1989). "The Economic Crisis of 1827–32 and the 1830 Revolution in Provincial France". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Historical_Journal" title="The Historical Journal">The Historical Journal</a></i>. <b>32</b> (2): 319–338. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0018246X00012176">10.1017/S0018246X00012176</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154412637">154412637</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Economic+Crisis+of+1827%E2%80%9332+and+the+1830+Revolution+in+Provincial+France&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=319-338&rft.date=1989-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0018246X00012176&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154412637%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Pilbeam&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPilbeam1983" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pamela_Pilbeam" title="Pamela Pilbeam">Pilbeam, Pamela</a> (December 1983). "The 'Three Glorious Days': The Revolution of 1830 in Provincial France". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Historical_Journal" title="The Historical Journal">The Historical Journal</a></i>. <b>26</b> (4): 831–844. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0018246X00012711">10.1017/S0018246X00012711</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154242989">154242989</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=The+%27Three+Glorious+Days%27%3A+The+Revolution+of+1830+in+Provincial+France&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=831-844&rft.date=1983-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0018246X00012711&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154242989%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Pilbeam&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPinkney1961" class="citation journal cs1">Pinkney, David H. (1961). "A New Look at the French Revolution of 1830". <i>Review of Politics</i>. <b>23</b> (4): 490–506. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs003467050002307x">10.1017/s003467050002307x</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1405706">1405706</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143524193">143524193</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+Politics&rft.atitle=A+New+Look+at+the+French+Revolution+of+1830&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=490-506&rft.date=1961&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143524193%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1405706%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs003467050002307x&rft.aulast=Pinkney&rft.aufirst=David+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrice1974" class="citation journal cs1">Price, Roger (December 1974). "Legitimist Opposition to the Revolution of 1830 in the French Provinces". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Historical_Journal" title="The Historical Journal">The Historical Journal</a></i>. <b>17</b> (4): 755–778. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0018246X00007895">10.1017/S0018246X00007895</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154214035">154214035</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Historical+Journal&rft.atitle=Legitimist+Opposition+to+the+Revolution+of+1830+in+the+French+Provinces&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=755-778&rft.date=1974-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0018246X00007895&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154214035%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRader2013" class="citation book cs1">Rader, D. L. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JwHuCAAAQBAJ"><i>The Journalists and the July Revolution in France: The Role of the Political Press in the Overthrow of the Bourbon Restoration, 1827–1830</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer Science+Business Media</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-015-7456-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-015-7456-3"><bdi>978-94-015-7456-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Journalists+and+the+July+Revolution+in+France%3A+The+Role+of+the+Political+Press+in+the+Overthrow+of+the+Bourbon+Restoration%2C+1827%E2%80%931830&rft.pub=Springer+Science%2BBusiness+Media&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-94-015-7456-3&rft.aulast=Rader&rft.aufirst=D.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJwHuCAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReid2012" class="citation thesis cs1">Reid, Lauren (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/9390130"><i>Political Imagery of the 1830 Revolution and the July Monarchy</i></a> (Senior thesis). <a href="/wiki/Georgetown_University" title="Georgetown University">Georgetown University</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Political+Imagery+of+the+1830+Revolution+and+the+July+Monarchy&rft.degree=Senior&rft.inst=Georgetown+University&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Reid&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F9390130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt-Funke2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schmidt-Funke, Julia A. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ieg-ego.eu/schmidtfunkej-2011-de">"Die 1830er Revolution als europäisches Medienereignis"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/European_History_Online" title="European History Online">European History Online</a></i> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_European_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Institute of European History">Institute of European History</a>, Mainz. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/704840169">704840169</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+History+Online&rft.atitle=Die+1830er+Revolution+als+europ%C3%A4isches+Medienereignis&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F704840169&rft.aulast=Schmidt-Funke&rft.aufirst=Julia+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ieg-ego.eu%2Fschmidtfunkej-2011-de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_sources">Primary sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=July_Revolution&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Primary sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins1970" class="citation book cs1">Collins, Irene, ed. (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/governmentsociet0000coll"><i>Government and society in France: 1814-1848</i></a>. Documents of Modern History. London: Arnold. pp. 88–176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7131-5566-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7131-5566-2"><bdi>978-0-7131-5566-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Government+and+society+in+France%3A+1814-1848&rft.place=London&rft.series=Documents+of+Modern+History&rft.pages=88-176&rft.pub=Arnold&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=978-0-7131-5566-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgovernmentsociet0000coll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFE._Lindsann2012" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">E. Lindsann, Olchar, ed. (October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/libertecc81-reader-2-online"><i>Liberté: A Reader of French Culture & Society in the 19th Century</i></a>. Vol. II - 1827-1847. Roanoke, VA: Monocle-Lash Anti-Press. pp. 105–136.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Libert%C3%A9%3A+A+Reader+of+French+Culture+%26+Society+in+the+19th+Century&rft.place=Roanoke%2C+VA&rft.pages=105-136&rft.pub=Monocle-Lash+Anti-Press&rft.date=2012-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flibertecc81-reader-2-online&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJuly+Revolution" class="Z3988"></span>; ten original documents in English translation regarding July Revolution</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="France_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded 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title="Early modern France">Early modern era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bourbon" title="House of Bourbon">House of Bourbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy_in_France" title="Absolute monarchy in France">Absolute monarchy</a></li> <li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">Wars of Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Second Hundred Years' War">Second Hundred Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Spanish_Succession" title="War of the Spanish Succession">War of the Spanish Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_Revolution_of_1756" class="mw-redirect" title="Diplomatic Revolution of 1756">Diplomatic Revolution of 1756</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Revolution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_era" title="Napoleonic era">Napoleonic era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">First Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Late_Modern" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Modern">Late Modern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France_in_the_long_nineteenth_century" title="France in the long nineteenth century">Long nineteenth century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_Monarchy" title="July Monarchy">July Monarchy</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution_of_1848" title="French Revolution of 1848">Revolution of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">Second Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1851_French_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1851 French coup d'état">Coup of 2 December 1851</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_National_Defense" title="Government of National Defense">Government of National Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Belle_%C3%89poque" title="Belle Époque">Belle Époque</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Army_in_World_War_I" title="French Army in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interwar_France" title="Interwar France">Interwar</a> <ul><li><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_folles" title="Années folles">Années folles</a></i></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_during_World_War_II" title="France during World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France" title="Liberation of France">Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional Government</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_France_(1900_to_present)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of France (1900 to present)">1900 to present</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">Fifth Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_68" title="May 68">May 68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_French_riots" title="2005 French riots">2005 riots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_Europe#France,_Benelux_countries" title="Great Recession in Europe">Great Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks" title="November 2015 Paris attacks">2015 Paris attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_French_presidential_election" title="2017 French presidential election">2017 presidential election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">Coronavirus pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_French_labor_protests" title="2021 French labor protests">2021 labor protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_French_presidential_election" title="2022 French presidential election">2022 presidential election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_France" title="Geography of France">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_France" title="Administrative divisions of France">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_in_France_with_over_20,000_inhabitants" title="List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_France" title="Climate change in France">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borders_of_France" title="Borders of France">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_France" title="List of islands of France">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_France" title="List of lakes of France">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_mountains_by_prominence" title="List of French mountains by prominence">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_France" title="List of national parks of France">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_France" title="List of rivers of France">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="List of World Heritage Sites in France">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_France" title="Politics of France">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitutions_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutions of France">Constitutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_France" title="Elections in France">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_elections_in_France" title="Presidential elections in France">presidential</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_France" title="Foreign relations of France">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_France" title="Politics of France">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_France" title="Human rights in France">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_France" title="Intersex rights in France">Intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in France">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_France" title="Judiciary of France">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_France" title="Law of France">Law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_France" title="Legal history of France">history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_France" title="Law enforcement in France">enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_criminal_law" title="French criminal law">criminal law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Armed_Forces" title="French Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Parliament" title="French Parliament">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_France" title="List of political parties in France">Political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_France" title="Economy of France">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_France#Agriculture" title="Economy of France">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_France" title="Automotive industry in France">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_France" title="Banking in France">Banking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_France" title="Bank of France">Central bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_France" title="Economic history of France">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_France" title="Energy in France">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_France" title="List of exports of France">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_franc" title="French franc">Franc (former currency)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_regions_and_overseas_collectivities_by_GDP" title="List of French regions and overseas collectivities by GDP">French subdivisions by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_France" title="Mining in France">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronext_Paris" title="Euronext Paris">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_France" title="Science and technology in France">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_France" title="Taxation in France">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_France" title="Telecommunications in France">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_France" title="Tourism in France">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trade_unions_in_France" title="List of trade unions in France">Trade unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_France" title="Transport in France">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_France" title="Category:Society of France">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_France" title="Abortion in France">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control_in_France" title="Birth control in France">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_France" title="Crime in France">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_France" title="Demographics of France">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_France" title="Education in France">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_France" title="Health care in France">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_France" title="Homelessness in France">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_France" title="Immigration to France">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_departments_by_life_expectancy" title="List of French departments by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_France" title="Poverty in France">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_France" title="Religion in France">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secularism_in_France" title="Secularism in France">secularism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_France" title="Racism in France">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_France" title="Social class in France">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_protection_in_France" title="Social protection in France">Welfare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_France" title="Culture of France">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_architecture" title="French architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_art" title="French art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_France" title="Coat of arms of France">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_France" title="Cinema of France">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li>Cultural icons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_fashion" title="French fashion">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_France" title="Flag of France">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Remarkable_Gardens_of_France" title="List of Remarkable Gardens of France">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_France" title="Languages of France">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_literature" title="French literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of France">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_France" title="Music of France">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_philosophy" title="French philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_France" title="Public holidays in France">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_France" title="Sport in France">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of France">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_France" title="Theatre of France">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="padding:0.25em;"><div><div style="margin-top:0;line-height:1.4em;margin-bottom:-0.2em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_France" title="Outline of France">Outline</a></li></ul> </div><div style="margin-top:-0.2em;line-height:1.4em;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:France" title="Category:France">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_France" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject France">WikiProject</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Template:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Template talk:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette">Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Principal author</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen" title="Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen">Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen</a> (1789)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/100px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/150px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg/200px-Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen_in_1789.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3657" data-file-height="4636" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">American Revolution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_frigate_Hermione_(1779)" title="French frigate Hermione (1779)">French frigate <i>Hermione</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brandywine" title="Battle of Brandywine">Battle of Brandywine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gloucester_(1777)" title="Battle of Gloucester (1777)">Battle of Gloucester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge" title="Valley Forge">Valley Forge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Barren_Hill" title="Battle of Barren Hill">Battle of Barren Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rhode_Island" title="Battle of Rhode Island">Battle of Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monmouth" title="Battle of Monmouth">Battle of Monmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Green_Spring" title="Battle of Green Spring">Battle of Green Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Yorktown" title="Siege of Yorktown">Siege of Yorktown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-American_alliance" title="Franco-American alliance">Franco-American alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French Revolution</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Notables" title="Assembly of Notables">Assembly of Notables</a> (1787)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estates_General_of_1789" title="Estates General of 1789">Estates General of 1789</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(France)" title="National Guard (France)">National Guard (France)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen" title="Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen">Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_March_on_Versailles" title="Women's March on Versailles">Women's March on Versailles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Society_of_1789" title="Patriotic Society of 1789">Society of 1789</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_de_la_F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration" title="Fête de la Fédération">Fête de la Fédération</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_of_Daggers" title="Day of Daggers">Day of Daggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champ_de_Mars_massacre" title="Champ de Mars massacre">Champ de Mars massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_First_Coalition" title="War of the First Coalition">War of the First Coalition</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">July Revolution</a> (1830)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visit_of_the_Marquis_de_Lafayette_to_the_United_States" title="Visit of the Marquis de Lafayette to the United States">1824–25 Grand Tour of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Welcoming_Parade_of_1824_(New_York_City)" title="Lafayette Welcoming Parade of 1824 (New York City)">New York City parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Welcoming_Parade_of_1824_(Philadelphia)" title="Lafayette Welcoming Parade of 1824 (Philadelphia)">Philadelphia parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Brandywine" title="USS Brandywine">USS <i>Brandywine</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Chavaniac" title="Château de Chavaniac">Château de Chavaniac</a> (birthplace and home)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_la_Grange-Bl%C3%A9neau" title="Château de la Grange-Bléneau">Château de la Grange-Bléneau</a> (home and museum)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Land_Grant" title="Lafayette Land Grant">Lafayette Land Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picpus_Cemetery" title="Picpus Cemetery">Picpus Cemetery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Honors_and_memorials_to_the_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="Honors and memorials to the Marquis de Lafayette">Honors and<br />memorials</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_named_for_the_Marquis_de_Lafayette" title="List of places named for the Marquis de Lafayette">List of places named for the Marquis de Lafayette</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fayetteville,_North_Carolina" title="Fayetteville, North Carolina">Fayetteville, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_Louisiana" title="Lafayette, Louisiana">Lafayette, Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lafayette" title="Fort Lafayette">Fort Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Hill,_Pennsylvania" title="Lafayette Hill, Pennsylvania">Lafayette Hill, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_College" title="Lafayette College">Lafayette College</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Marquis_de_Lafayette_(New_York_City)" title="Statue of the Marquis de Lafayette (New York City)">New York City statue</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaFayette_Fountain" title="LaFayette Fountain">LaFayette Fountain</a> (1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Square,_Washington,_D.C." title="Lafayette Square, Washington, D.C.">Lafayette Square, Washington, D.C.</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Marquis_de_Lafayette_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="Statue of the Marquis de Lafayette (Washington, D.C.)">1891 statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Square_Historic_District,_Washington,_D.C." title="Lafayette Square Historic District, Washington, D.C.">Lafayette Square Historic District</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_dollar" title="Lafayette dollar">Lafayette dollar</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lafayette" title="Mount Lafayette">Mount Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Memorial" title="Lafayette Memorial">Lafayette Memorial</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Marquis_de_Lafayette_(Lafayette_College)" title="Statue of the Marquis de Lafayette (Lafayette College)">Lafayette College statue</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_the_Marquis_de_Lafayette_(Los_Angeles)" title="Statue of the Marquis de Lafayette (Los Angeles)">Los Angeles statue</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Escadrille" title="Lafayette Escadrille">Lafayette Escadrille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Lafayette" title="USS Lafayette">USS <i>Lafayette</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Lafayette_(Morse)" title="Marquis de Lafayette (Morse)">1825 Samuel Morse painting</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lafayette_(We_Hear_You_Calling)" title="Lafayette (We Hear You Calling)">Lafayette (We Hear You Calling)</a>" (1918 song)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Fayette_(film)" title="La Fayette (film)">La Fayette</a></i> (1961 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Valley_Forge_(film)" title="Valley Forge (film)">Valley Forge</a></i> (1975 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_R%C3%A9volution_fran%C3%A7aise_(film)" title="La Révolution française (film)">La Révolution française</a></i> (1989 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_in_Paris" title="Jefferson in Paris">Jefferson in Paris</a></i> (1995 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty!" title="Liberty!">Liberty!</a></i> (1997 documentary miniseries)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty%27s_Kids" title="Liberty's Kids">Liberty's Kids</a></i> (2002 television series)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(musical)" title="Hamilton (musical)">Hamilton</a></i> (2015 musical, <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(2020_film)" title="Hamilton (2020 film)">2020 film</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_in_the_Somewhat_United_States" title="Lafayette in the Somewhat United States">Lafayette in the Somewhat United States</a></i> (2015 book)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hero_of_Two_Worlds:_The_Marquis_de_Lafayette_in_the_Age_of_Revolution" title="Hero of Two Worlds: The Marquis de Lafayette in the Age of Revolution">Hero of Two Worlds: The Marquis de Lafayette in the Age of Revolution</a></i> (2021 book)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Franklin_(miniseries)" title="Franklin (miniseries)">Franklin</a></i> (2024 miniseries)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Lafayette family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adrienne_de_La_Fayette" title="Adrienne de La Fayette">Adrienne de La Fayette</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Washington_de_La_Fayette" title="Georges Washington de La Fayette">Georges Washington de La Fayette</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_du_Motier,_Marquis_de_La_Fayette" title="Michel du Motier, Marquis de La Fayette">Michel du Motier, Marquis de La Fayette</a> (father)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Lafayette" title="Order of Lafayette">Order of Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_citizenship_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary citizenship of the United States">Honorary U.S. citizenship</a> (2002)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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