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(PDF) Safranal of Crocus sativus L. Inhibits Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Attenuates Asthma in a Mouse Model of Asthma
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Inhibits Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Attenuates Asthma in a Mouse Model of Asthma" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Sheikh Rayees" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/38426399/Safranal_of_Crocus_sativus_L_Inhibits_Inducible_Nitric_Oxide_Synthase_and_Attenuates_Asthma_in_a_Mouse_Model_of_Asthma" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Safranal of Crocus sativus L. Inhibits Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Attenuates Asthma in a Mouse Model of Asthma" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The present study involves evaluation of antioxidant potential of Crocus sativus and its main constituents, safranal (SFN) and crocin (CRO), in bronchial epithelial cells, followed antiinflammatory potential of the active constituent safranal, in a" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/5178994/2280489/3327736/s200_sheikh.rayees.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/38426399/Safranal_of_Crocus_sativus_L_Inhibits_Inducible_Nitric_Oxide_Synthase_and_Attenuates_Asthma_in_a_Mouse_Model_of_Asthma" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Safranal of Crocus sativus L. Inhibits Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Attenuates Asthma in a Mouse Model of Asthma" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The present study involves evaluation of antioxidant potential of Crocus sativus and its main constituents, safranal (SFN) and crocin (CRO), in bronchial epithelial cells, followed antiinflammatory potential of the active constituent safranal, in a" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://iiim-in.academia.edu/SheikhRayees" /> <meta name="description" content="The present study involves evaluation of antioxidant potential of Crocus sativus and its main constituents, safranal (SFN) and crocin (CRO), in bronchial epithelial cells, followed antiinflammatory potential of the active constituent safranal, in a" /> <title>(PDF) Safranal of Crocus sativus L. 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To investigate the antioxidizing potential of Crocus sativus and its main constituents in bronchial epithelial cells, the stress was induced in these cells by a combination of different cytokines that resulted in an increase in nitric oxide production (NO), induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels, peroxynitrite ion generation, and cytochrome c release. Treatment with saffron and its constituents safranal and crocin resulted in a decrease of NO, iNOS levels, peroxynitrite ion generation, and prevented cytochrome c release. However, safranal significantly reduced oxidative stress in bronchial epithelial cells via iNOS reduction besides preventing apoptosis in these cells. In the murine model of asthma study, antiinflammatory role of safranal was characterized by increased airway hyper-responsiveness, airway cellular infiltration, and epithelial cell injury. Safranal pretreatment to these allergically inflamed mice lead to a significant decrease in airway hyper-responsiveness and airway cellular infiltration to the lungs. It also reduced iNOS production, bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis, and Th2 type cytokine production in the lungs.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"58485819"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Safranal of Crocus sativus L. Inhibits Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Attenuates Asthma in a Mouse Model of Asthma","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [5178994]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":58485819,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Safranal of Crocus sativus L. Inhibits Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Attenuates Asthma in a Mouse Model of Asthma”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/58485819/mini_magick20190223-13237-qnpx42.png?1550960845" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Safranal of Crocus sativus L. Inhibits Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Attenuates Asthma in a Mouse Model of Asthma</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5178994" href="https://iiim-in.academia.edu/SheikhRayees"><img alt="Profile image of Sheikh Rayees" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/5178994/2280489/3327736/s65_sheikh.rayees.jpg" />Sheikh Rayees</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">11 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 38426399; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=38426399"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The present study involves evaluation of antioxidant potential of Crocus sativus and its main constituents, safranal (SFN) and crocin (CRO), in bronchial epithelial cells, followed antiinflammatory potential of the active constituent safranal, in a murine model of asthma. To investigate the antioxidizing potential of Crocus sativus and its main constituents in bronchial epithelial cells, the stress was induced in these cells by a combination of different cytokines that resulted in an increase in nitric oxide production (NO), induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels, peroxynitrite ion generation, and cytochrome c release. Treatment with saffron and its constituents safranal and crocin resulted in a decrease of NO, iNOS levels, peroxynitrite ion generation, and prevented cytochrome c release. However, safranal significantly reduced oxidative stress in bronchial epithelial cells via iNOS reduction besides preventing apoptosis in these cells. In the murine model of asthma study, antiinflammatory role of safranal was characterized by increased airway hyper-responsiveness, airway cellular infiltration, and epithelial cell injury. Safranal pretreatment to these allergically inflamed mice lead to a significant decrease in airway hyper-responsiveness and airway cellular infiltration to the lungs. It also reduced iNOS production, bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis, and Th2 type cytokine production in the lungs.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":58485819,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/38426399/Safranal_of_Crocus_sativus_L_Inhibits_Inducible_Nitric_Oxide_Synthase_and_Attenuates_Asthma_in_a_Mouse_Model_of_Asthma"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":58485819,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/38426399/Safranal_of_Crocus_sativus_L_Inhibits_Inducible_Nitric_Oxide_Synthase_and_Attenuates_Asthma_in_a_Mouse_Model_of_Asthma"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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Emerging Therapeutic Strategies, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Antioxidant Strategies in the Treatment of Bronchial Asthma","attachmentId":44493381,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/24136331/Antioxidant_Strategies_in_the_Treatment_of_Bronchial_Asthma","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/24136331/Antioxidant_Strategies_in_the_Treatment_of_Bronchial_Asthma"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="127011194" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/127011194/The_Hydroalcoholic_Extract_of_Nasturtium_officinale_Reduces_Lung_Inflammation_and_Oxidative_Stress_in_an_Ovalbumin_Induced_Rat_Model_of_Asthma">The Hydroalcoholic Extract of Nasturtium officinale Reduces Lung Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in an Ovalbumin-Induced Rat Model of Asthma</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12912054" href="https://ijhpm.academia.edu/HamidNajafipour">Hamid Najafipour</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2022</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background. Asthma is known as a disease that causes breathing problems in children and adults and is also associated with chronic in ammation and oxidative stress of the airways. Nasturtium o cinale (NO) possesses a wide range of pharmacological properties, particularly anti-in ammation and antioxidant potentials. us, this study for the rst time was aimed to investigate anti-in ammatory and antioxidative activities of NO extract (NOE) in an ovalbumin-induced rat model of asthma. Materials and Methods. Forty-four male Wistar rats were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) to induce asthma symptoms. e animals were allocated into ve groups: control (C), asthmatic (A), A + NOE (500 mg/kg), NOE (500 mg/kg), and A + dexamethasone (DX, 2.5 mg/kg). After 7 days, blood and tissue samples were taken from the rats. en, the level of in ammatory markers, oxidative stress parameters, and antioxidant enzymes activity were measured. Results. e obtained results showed that OVA-sensitive rats signi cantly increased the levels of pro-in ammatory cytokines IL-1B, TGF-β, and SMA-α compared to the control group (p < 0.05), while treatment with NOE remarkably reduced the SMA-α gene expression compared to the asthma group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, it decreased the expression of IL-1B and TNF-α genes, although it was not statistically signi cant. e level of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) signi cantly reduced in A group compared to the C group (p < 0.05), whereas NOE administration signi cantly increased this marker (p < 0.05). Moreover, NOE attenuated in ammation and alveolar injury in the lungs of OVAsensitive rat compared to the nontreated A group. Conclusions. Overall, our ndings demonstrated that NOE somewhat is able to reduce airway in ammation by reducing in ammatory and increasing GPX activity. Indeed, further experiments investigating the impact of di erent extract doses are needed to con rm the antioxidant and anti-in ammatory e ects of NOE.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Hydroalcoholic Extract of Nasturtium officinale Reduces Lung Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in an Ovalbumin-Induced Rat Model of Asthma","attachmentId":120806424,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/127011194/The_Hydroalcoholic_Extract_of_Nasturtium_officinale_Reduces_Lung_Inflammation_and_Oxidative_Stress_in_an_Ovalbumin_Induced_Rat_Model_of_Asthma","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/127011194/The_Hydroalcoholic_Extract_of_Nasturtium_officinale_Reduces_Lung_Inflammation_and_Oxidative_Stress_in_an_Ovalbumin_Induced_Rat_Model_of_Asthma"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="76179220" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76179220/Pharmacologic_inhibition_of_S_nitrosoglutathione_reductase_protects_against_experimental_asthma_in_BALB_c_mice_through_attenuation_of_both_bronchoconstriction_and_inflammation">Pharmacologic inhibition of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase protects against experimental asthma in BALB/c mice through attenuation of both bronchoconstriction and inflammation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="47038016" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RamakrishnaBoyanapalli">Ramakrishna Boyanapalli</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">BMC Pulmonary Medicine, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Background: S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) serves as a reservoir for nitric oxide (NO) and thus is a key homeostatic regulator of airway smooth muscle tone and inflammation. Decreased levels of GSNO in the lungs of asthmatics have been attributed to increased GSNO catabolism via GSNO reductase (GSNOR) leading to loss of GSNO-and NO-mediated bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory actions. GSNOR inhibition with the novel small molecule, N6022, was explored as a therapeutic approach in an experimental model of asthma. Methods: Female BALB/c mice were sensitized and subsequently challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). Efficacy was determined by measuring both airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) upon methacholine (MCh) challenge using whole body plethysmography and pulmonary eosinophilia by quantifying the numbers of these cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Several other potential biomarkers of GSNOR inhibition were measured including levels of nitrite, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and inflammatory cytokines, as well as DNA binding activity of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB). The dose response, onset of action, and duration of action of a single intravenous dose of N6022 given from 30 min to 48 h prior to MCh challenge were determined and compared to effects in mice not sensitized to OVA. The direct effect of N6022 on airway smooth muscle tone also was assessed in isolated rat tracheal rings. Results: N6022 attenuated AHR (ED 50 of 0.015 ± 0.002 mg/kg; Mean ± SEM) and eosinophilia. Effects were observed from 30 min to 48 h after treatment and were comparable to those achieved with three inhaled doses of ipratropium plus albuterol used as the positive control. N6022 increased BALF nitrite and plasma cGMP, while restoring BALF and plasma inflammatory markers toward baseline values. N6022 treatment also attenuated the OVA-induced increase in NFκB activation. In rat tracheal rings, N6022 decreased contractile responses to MCh. Conclusions: The significant bronchodilatory and anti-inflammatory actions of N6022 in the airways are consistent with restoration of GSNO levels through GSNOR inhibition. GSNOR inhibition may offer a therapeutic approach for the treatment of asthma and other inflammatory lung diseases. N6022 is currently being evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of inflammatory lung disease.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Pharmacologic inhibition of S-nitrosoglutathione reductase protects against experimental asthma in BALB/c mice through attenuation of both bronchoconstriction and inflammation","attachmentId":84002187,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76179220/Pharmacologic_inhibition_of_S_nitrosoglutathione_reductase_protects_against_experimental_asthma_in_BALB_c_mice_through_attenuation_of_both_bronchoconstriction_and_inflammation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/76179220/Pharmacologic_inhibition_of_S_nitrosoglutathione_reductase_protects_against_experimental_asthma_in_BALB_c_mice_through_attenuation_of_both_bronchoconstriction_and_inflammation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="93521481" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/93521481/Natural_Compounds_Derived_from_Foods_Modulate_Nitric_Oxide_Production_and_Oxidative_Status_in_Epithelial_Lung_Cells">Natural Compounds Derived from Foods Modulate Nitric Oxide Production and Oxidative Status in Epithelial Lung Cells</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="97817295" href="https://independent.academia.edu/StarkAliza">Aliza Stark</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2005</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The effects of natural antioxidants on nitric oxide (NO) modulation and oxidative status were determined in rat epithelial lung cells (L-2). Cells were stimulated with cytokines and treated with one of the following: resveratrol, soybean saponin group B (SSB), quercetin, genistein, olive leaf polyphenol concentrate (OLPC), or N-acetyl-L-cystein (NAC). NAC had no effect on NO levels, whereas resveratrol and OLPC were found to be effective in reducing nitrite levels, modifying iNOS mRNA, and decreasing free radical production. OLPC affected the levels of MnSOD while resveratrol did not, indicating that they act via different pathways. Quercetin and genistein reduced nitrite levels without affecting iNOS levels, presumably by scavenging NO. SSB did not affect nitrite levels, but exposure did reduce iNOS mRNA expression and protein levels, possibly due to antioxidant activity. Naturally occurring antioxidants, in particular resveratrol and OLPC, may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Natural Compounds Derived from Foods Modulate Nitric Oxide Production and Oxidative Status in Epithelial Lung Cells","attachmentId":96237031,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/93521481/Natural_Compounds_Derived_from_Foods_Modulate_Nitric_Oxide_Production_and_Oxidative_Status_in_Epithelial_Lung_Cells","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/93521481/Natural_Compounds_Derived_from_Foods_Modulate_Nitric_Oxide_Production_and_Oxidative_Status_in_Epithelial_Lung_Cells"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="28983670" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28983670/Reactive_oxygen_species_and_their_defence_mechanisms_in_bronchial_asthma">Reactive oxygen species and their defence mechanisms in bronchial asthma</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37435671" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RogerEllulmicallef">Roger Ellul-micallef</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Reactive oxygen species and their defence mechanisms in bronchial asthma","attachmentId":49428620,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28983670/Reactive_oxygen_species_and_their_defence_mechanisms_in_bronchial_asthma","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28983670/Reactive_oxygen_species_and_their_defence_mechanisms_in_bronchial_asthma"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="27642705" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27642705/Divergent_effects_of_Nitric_oxide_on_airway_epithelial_cell_activation">Divergent effects of Nitric oxide on airway epithelial cell activation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="51857380" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlessandroCeli1">Alessandro Celi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Biological Research, 2010</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Nitric oxide (NO • ) is a gaseous mediator synthesized by nitric oxide sinthases. NO • is involved in the modulation of inflammation, but its role in airway inflammation remains controversial. We investigated the role of NO • in the synthesis of the chemokines Interleukin-8 and Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1, and of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 by human airway epithelial cells. Normal human bronchial epithelial cells and the bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B were used. Ineterleukin-8 (IL-8) and Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP-1) secretion and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression were measured by ELISA. mRNA was assessed by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Ineterleukin-8 secretion was significantly reduced after 24h incubation with the NO • donor, sodium nitroprusside. The effect was dose-dependent. Similar results were obtained with S-Nitroso-N-D,L-penicillamine and S-Nitroso-L-glutathione. Inhibition of endogenous NO • with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl-esther caused an increase in IL-8 secretion by lypopolisaccharide-and cytokine-stimulated BEAS-2B cells. Sodium nitroprusside also caused a reduction in Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 secretion by both cell types. In contrast, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 expression was upregulated by sodium nitroprusside. RT-PCR results indicate that the modulation of protein levels was paralleled by modification in mRNA levels. NO • has divergent effects on the synthesis of different inflammatory mediators in human bronchial epithelial cells.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Divergent effects of Nitric oxide on airway epithelial cell activation","attachmentId":47909389,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/27642705/Divergent_effects_of_Nitric_oxide_on_airway_epithelial_cell_activation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/27642705/Divergent_effects_of_Nitric_oxide_on_airway_epithelial_cell_activation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="19043430" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19043430/Oxidative_and_nitrosative_events_in_asthma">Oxidative and nitrosative events in asthma</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39211252" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HazenS">S. Hazen</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="39232186" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SerpilErzurum">Serpil Erzurum</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2003</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Asthma affects over 15 million individuals in the United States, with over 1.5 million emergency room visits, 500,000 hospitalizations, and 5500 deaths each year, many of which are children. Airway inflammation is the proximate cause of the recurrent episodes of airflow limitation in asthma. Research applying molecular biology, chemistry, and cell biology to human asthma and model systems of asthma over the last decade has revealed that numerous biologically active proinflammatory mediators lead to increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the gaseous molecule nitric oxide (NO). Persistently increased ROS and NO in asthma lead to reactive nitrogen species (RNS) formation and subsequent oxidation and nitration of proteins, which may cause alterations in protein function that are biologically relevant to airway injury/inflammation. Eosinophil peroxidase and myeloperoxidase, leukocyte-derived enzymes, amplify oxidative events and are another enzymatic source of NO-derived oxidants and nitrotyrosine formation in asthma. Concomitant with increased generation of oxidative and nitrosative molecules in asthma, loss of protective antioxidant defense, specifically superoxide dismutase (SOD), contributes to the overall toxic environment of the asthmatic airway. This review discusses the rapidly accruing data linking oxidative and nitrosative events as critical participants in the acute and chronic inflammation of asthmatic airways.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Oxidative and nitrosative events in asthma","attachmentId":40399134,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19043430/Oxidative_and_nitrosative_events_in_asthma","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/19043430/Oxidative_and_nitrosative_events_in_asthma"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="79425583" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79425583/Oxidative_Stress_and_Pulmonary_Inflammation_Pharmacological_Intervention_with_Antioxidants">Oxidative Stress and Pulmonary Inflammation: Pharmacological Intervention with Antioxidants</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="214942740" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EstebanMorcillo">Esteban Morcillo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Pharmacological Research, 1999</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are generated by several inflammatory and structural cells of the airways. These oxidant species may have important effects on different lung cells as regulators of signal transduction, activators of key transcription factors, and modulators of gene expression and apoptosis. Thus, an increased oxidative stress accompanied by reduced endogenous antioxidant defences may have a role in the pathogenesis of a number of inflammatory pulmonary diseases including asthma. Although antioxidant drugs could play a useful role in the therapy of inflammatory lung diseases, their clinical impact is relatively modest at present. Rigorous clinical investigation with the existing antioxidants and development of new drugs with improved lung bioavailability are necessary in the future.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Oxidative Stress and Pulmonary Inflammation: Pharmacological Intervention with Antioxidants","attachmentId":86145217,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79425583/Oxidative_Stress_and_Pulmonary_Inflammation_Pharmacological_Intervention_with_Antioxidants","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/79425583/Oxidative_Stress_and_Pulmonary_Inflammation_Pharmacological_Intervention_with_Antioxidants"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="74696428" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74696428/Inflammatory_Mediators_and_the_Generation_and_Release_of_Reactive_Oxygen_Species_by_Airway_Epithelium_italic_in_Vitro_italic_">Inflammatory Mediators and the Generation and Release of Reactive Oxygen Species by Airway Epithelium <italic>in Vitro</italic></a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="14550866" href="https://missouri.academia.edu/LeahCohn">Leah Cohn</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">CHEST Journal, 1992</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Inflammatory Mediators and the Generation and Release of Reactive Oxygen Species by Airway Epithelium \u003citalic\u003ein Vitro\u003c/italic\u003e","attachmentId":83624331,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/74696428/Inflammatory_Mediators_and_the_Generation_and_Release_of_Reactive_Oxygen_Species_by_Airway_Epithelium_italic_in_Vitro_italic_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/74696428/Inflammatory_Mediators_and_the_Generation_and_Release_of_Reactive_Oxygen_Species_by_Airway_Epithelium_italic_in_Vitro_italic_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":58485819,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":58485819,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_58485819" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="80695898" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80695898/Antioxidants_Inhibit_Interleukin_1_induced_Cyclooxygenase_and_Nitric_oxide_Synthase_Expression_in_Rat_Mesangial_Cells">Antioxidants Inhibit Interleukin-1-induced Cyclooxygenase and Nitric-oxide Synthase Expression in Rat Mesangial Cells</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="59821175" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MorrisonAubrey">Aubrey Morrison</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Journal of Biological Chemistry, 1996</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Antioxidants Inhibit Interleukin-1-induced Cyclooxygenase and Nitric-oxide Synthase Expression in Rat Mesangial Cells","attachmentId":86993045,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/80695898/Antioxidants_Inhibit_Interleukin_1_induced_Cyclooxygenase_and_Nitric_oxide_Synthase_Expression_in_Rat_Mesangial_Cells","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/80695898/Antioxidants_Inhibit_Interleukin_1_induced_Cyclooxygenase_and_Nitric_oxide_Synthase_Expression_in_Rat_Mesangial_Cells"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="76799773" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76799773/Nitric_oxide_and_asthma">Nitric oxide and asthma</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="66536727" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DrazenJ">J. Drazen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Archives of Disease in Childhood, 1995</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Nitric oxide and asthma","attachmentId":84386886,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/76799773/Nitric_oxide_and_asthma","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/76799773/Nitric_oxide_and_asthma"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="17857220" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17857220/Roflumilast_N_Oxide_Prevents_Cytokine_Secretion_Induced_by_Cigarette_Smoke_Combined_with_LPS_through_JAK_STAT_and_ERK1_2_Inhibition_in_Airway_Epithelial_Cells">Roflumilast N-Oxide Prevents Cytokine Secretion Induced by Cigarette Smoke Combined with LPS through JAK/STAT and ERK1/2 Inhibition in Airway Epithelial Cells</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37828922" href="https://independent.academia.edu/VincentLagente">Vincent Lagente</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="37773156" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ManuellaLanzetti">Manuella Lanzetti</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PLoS ONE, 2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Roflumilast N-Oxide Prevents Cytokine Secretion Induced by Cigarette Smoke Combined with LPS through JAK/STAT and ERK1/2 Inhibition in Airway Epithelial Cells","attachmentId":39747583,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17857220/Roflumilast_N_Oxide_Prevents_Cytokine_Secretion_Induced_by_Cigarette_Smoke_Combined_with_LPS_through_JAK_STAT_and_ERK1_2_Inhibition_in_Airway_Epithelial_Cells","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17857220/Roflumilast_N_Oxide_Prevents_Cytokine_Secretion_Induced_by_Cigarette_Smoke_Combined_with_LPS_through_JAK_STAT_and_ERK1_2_Inhibition_in_Airway_Epithelial_Cells"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="19907180" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/19907180/Regulatory_Effects_of_iNOS_on_Acute_Lung_Inflammatory_Responses_in_Mice">Regulatory Effects of iNOS on Acute Lung Inflammatory Responses in Mice</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40913785" href="https://ameriphoto.academia.edu/CeciliaSpeyer">Cecilia Speyer</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="40751369" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HedwigMurphy">Hedwig Murphy</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The American Journal of Pathology, 2003</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Regulatory Effects of iNOS on Acute Lung Inflammatory Responses in Mice","attachmentId":41259627,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/19907180/Regulatory_Effects_of_iNOS_on_Acute_Lung_Inflammatory_Responses_in_Mice","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a 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data-entity-id="9391536" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9391536/Formaldehyde_induces_lung_inflammation_by_an_oxidant_and_antioxidant_enzymes_mediated_mechanism_in_the_lung_tissue">Formaldehyde induces lung inflammation by an oxidant and antioxidant enzymes mediated mechanism in the lung tissue</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="21802017" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnaCarolineCamaradeOliveira">Ana Caroline Camara de Oliveira</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Fuel and Energy Abstracts, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Formaldehyde induces lung inflammation by an oxidant 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href="https://www.academia.edu/13858855/Baicalein_Reduces_Airway_Injury_in_Allergen_and_IL_13_Induced_Airway_Inflammation">Baicalein Reduces Airway Injury in Allergen and IL-13 Induced Airway Inflammation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32947243" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnuragAgrawal18">Anurag Agrawal</a><span>, </span><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32987813" href="https://mriuedu.academia.edu/RakhshindaRehman">Rakhshinda Rehman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PLoS ONE, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Baicalein Reduces Airway Injury in Allergen and IL-13 Induced Airway 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