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Abayomi Dele</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Owonikoko Abayomi Dele"> <meta name="keywords" content="Owonikoko Abayomi Dele"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Owonikoko Abayomi Dele"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 24</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Owonikoko Abayomi Dele</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">24</span> Screening of Phytochemicals Compounds from Chasmanthera dependens and Carissa edulis as Potential Inhibitors of Carbonic Anhydrases CA II (3HS4) Receptor using a Target-Based Drug Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Owonikoko%20Abayomi%20Dele">Owonikoko Abayomi Dele</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Epilepsy is an unresolved disease that needs urgent attention. It is a brain disorder that affects over sixty-five (65) million people around the globe. Despite the availability of commercial anti-epileptic drugs, the war against this unmet condition is yet to be resolved. Most epilepsy patients are resistant to available anti-epileptic medications thus the need for affordable novel therapy against epilepsy is a necessity. Numerous phytochemicals have been reported for their potency, efficacy and safety as therapeutic agents against many diseases. This study investigated 99 isolated phytochemicals from Chasmanthera dependens and Carissa edulis against carbonic anhydrase (ii) drug target. The absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) of the isolated compounds were examined using admet SAR-2 web server while Swiss ADME was used to analyze the oral bioavailability, drug-likeness and lead-likeness properties of the selected leads. PASS web server was used to predict the biological activities of selected leads while other important physicochemical properties and interactions of the selected leads with the active site of the target after successful molecular docking simulation with the pyrx virtual screening tool were also examined. The results of these study identified seven lead compounds; C49- alpha-carissanol (-7.6 kcal/mol), C13- Catechin (-7.4 kcal/mol), C45- Salicin (-7.4 kcal/mol), C6- Bisnorargemonine (-7.3 kcal/mol), C36- Pallidine (-7.1 kcal/mol), S4- Lacosamide (-7.1 kcal/mol), and S7- Acetazolamide (-6.4 kcal/mol) for CA II (3HS4 receptor). These leads compounds are probable inhibitors of this drug target due to the observed good binding affinities and favourable interactions with the active site of the drug target, excellent ADMET profiles, PASS Properties, drug-likeness, lead-likeness and oral bioavailability properties. The identified leads have better binding energies as compared to the binding energies of the two standards. Thus, seven identified lead compounds can be developed further towards the development of new anti-epileptic medications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug-likeness" title="drug-likeness">drug-likeness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemicals" title=" phytochemicals"> phytochemicals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbonic%20anhydrases" title=" carbonic anhydrases"> carbonic anhydrases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metalloeazymes" title=" metalloeazymes"> metalloeazymes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20site" title=" active site"> active site</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ADMET" title=" ADMET"> ADMET</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186547/screening-of-phytochemicals-compounds-from-chasmanthera-dependens-and-carissa-edulis-as-potential-inhibitors-of-carbonic-anhydrases-ca-ii-3hs4-receptor-using-a-target-based-drug-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">56</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">23</span> The Role of the Youth in Rebranding Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamzah%20Kamil%20Adeyemi">Hamzah Kamil Adeyemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oyesikun%20Abayomi%20Nathaniel"> Oyesikun Abayomi Nathaniel</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The plural nature of Nigeria state has created a leadership gap in the 21st century. The leadership problem encapsulated socio-economic system has called for a reorientation in youth to channel a programme that will redeem the image (OT) the country among the committee of nations and chart a way forward in bailing the country out of bad governance unemployment corruption and other anti-development policies. The touth need to raise up to the challenges of nation building. This study engaged theoretical analysis, both written records was used to add value to its quality and recommendation was made with conclusion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=youth" title="youth">youth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unempolyment" title=" unempolyment"> unempolyment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rebranding" title=" rebranding"> rebranding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30708/the-role-of-the-youth-in-rebranding-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30708.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">427</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">22</span> Nutritional Characteristics, Mineral contents, Amino acid Composition and Phytochemical Analysis of Eryngium alpinium Leaf Protein Concentrates</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Owonikoko%20A.%20D.">Owonikoko A. D.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Odoje%20O.%20F."> Odoje O. F.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fresh sample of Eryngium alpinum was purchased and processed for leaf protein concentrates with a view to evaluating its nutritional potential, mineral composition, amino acid characteristics and phytochemical constituents. Using standard analytical methods. The proximate composition of the leaf protein concentrates revealed moisture content;(5.35±0.21)g/100g, ash;(11.37±0.43)g/100g, crude protein;(48.17±0.46)g/100g, crude fat;(15.38±0.07)g/100g, crude fibre (3.05±0.46)g/100g, and Nitrogen free extractive; (16.68±0.30) g/100g. The mineral content was: Na;(51.88±0.23) mg/100g, K;(65.40±0.32)mg/100g, Ca; (86.89±0.46)mg/100g, Mg;(49.27±0.42) mg/100g, Zn;(0.62±0.03)mg/100g, Fe (6.65±0.43)mg/100g, Mn;(0.96±0.54)mg/100g, Cd;(0.28±0.04)mg/100g, P; (8.55±0.97)mg/100g, while selenium, lead and mercury were not detected in the sample indicating that the sample is free of causing risk of metal poisoning. The results of phytochemical constituents showed phytate; (18.34±0.36)mg/100g, flavonoid (0.25±0.41)mg/100g. The sample contain both essential and non-essential amino acid, with the highest value of Glutamic acid (12.26) and the lowest value of Tryptophan 1.05. the content of the leaf protein content shows that the sample is fit for dietary consumption and could as well be processed to be used as food additives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral%20composition" title="mineral composition">mineral composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytochemical%20analysis" title=" phytochemical analysis"> phytochemical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaf%20protein%20concentrates" title=" leaf protein concentrates"> leaf protein concentrates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eryngium%20alpinum" title=" eryngium alpinum"> eryngium alpinum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166086/nutritional-characteristics-mineral-contents-amino-acid-composition-and-phytochemical-analysis-of-eryngium-alpinium-leaf-protein-concentrates" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166086.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">21</span> Financial Inclusion as Twig of Internally Generated Revenue From Entrepreneurial Venture: A University Funding Alternate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anifowose%20Oluwafemi%20Dele">Anifowose Oluwafemi Dele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ngah%20Rohana"> Ngah Rohana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasni%20Abdulahi"> Hasni Abdulahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The economic crisis, which resulted in university funding cuts with an astronomically devastating impact on teaching and research around the world. Sequel to this, Nigerian universities are in disarray due to insufficient government funding and are under pressure to discover new financial streams of Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) to disentangle finance-related teething problems and most tangible means of outsourcing finance inclusively for the creation of more entrepreneurial ventures through the possibilities of prudent IGR management. To the best of our knowledge, one way to address this still-unknown or underappreciated cog is through the strategic use of IGR and the outsourcing of financing for the launch of entrepreneurial ventures. As a result, it is critical to investigate and evaluate financial inclusion through prudently managed IGR to achieve greater financial inclusion for more long-term entrepreneurial ventures. Justifying the need to look inward and devise mechanisms for strong instruments internal fund raising and managing cash inflows to benefit university entrepreneurial ventures to increase the University's IGR for the benefit of the university and its stakeholders. The paper concludes that University Managers must fully accept the use of genuine means of boosting IGR through financial inclusion of in-house funds to aggressively established IGR boosting and the creation of entrepreneurial ventures that could serve as an alternative to inadequate government funding. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government%20funding" title="government funding">government funding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20managers" title=" university managers"> university managers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20inclusion" title=" financial inclusion"> financial inclusion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurial%20venture" title=" entrepreneurial venture"> entrepreneurial venture</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167253/financial-inclusion-as-twig-of-internally-generated-revenue-from-entrepreneurial-venture-a-university-funding-alternate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167253.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">20</span> Dimensionless Binding Values in the Evaluation of Paracetamol Tablet Formulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abayomi%20T.%20Ogunjimi">Abayomi T. Ogunjimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gbenga%20Alebiowu"> Gbenga Alebiowu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mechanical properties of paracetamol tablets containing Neem (Azadirachta indica) gum were compared with standard Acacia gum BP as binder. Two dimensionless binding quantities BEN and BEC were used in assessing the influence of binder type on two mechanical properties, Tensile Strength (TS) and Brittle Fracture Index (BFI). The two quantities were also used to assess the influence of relative density and binder concentration on TS and BFI as well as compare Binding Efficiencies (BE). The result shows that TS is dependent on relative density, binder type and binder concentration while BFI is dependent on the binder type and binder concentration; and that although, the inclusion of NMG in a paracetamol tablet formulation may not enhance the TS of the tablets produced, however it will decrease the tendency of the tablets to cap or laminate. This work concludes that BEN may be useful in quantitative assessment while BEC may be appropriate for qualitative assessment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binding%20efficiency" title="binding efficiency">binding efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brittle%20fracture%20index" title=" brittle fracture index"> brittle fracture index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dimensionless%20binding" title=" dimensionless binding"> dimensionless binding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20strength" title=" tensile strength"> tensile strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2503/dimensionless-binding-values-in-the-evaluation-of-paracetamol-tablet-formulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">19</span> Antimicrobial Potential of Calendula officinalis Extracts on Flavobacterium columnare of Clarias gariepinus Fingerlings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nelson%20Rotimi%20Osungbemiro">Nelson Rotimi Osungbemiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanni%20Rafiu%20Olugbenga"> Sanni Rafiu Olugbenga</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abayomi%20Olufemi%20Olajuyigbe"> Abayomi Olufemi Olajuyigbe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ninety Fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus were exposed to the pathogenic Flavobacterium columnare a Gram Negative bacteria responsible for high mortality in fish pond raised young fish (fries and fingerlings) of Clarias sp. in Southwestern Nigeria. After feeding with 40% crude protein pelletized fish feed for 5 days, the fishes were divided into two groups, one group was treated with extracts from Calendula officinalis flowers, while the second group was not treated (control). The results indicated that, at day 5, colony formation had been manifesting and at day 7, skin lesion occurred and at the 8th day, first mortality of fish occurred, and this continued steadily on the 9th-12th day when all the fishes were dead. Whereas, in the group that was treated with Calendula sp., no single mortality was recorded. This research shows that plant extract from Calendula flowers is an effective antimicrobial agent against the virulent pathogenic Flavobacterium columnare disease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial" title="antimicrobial">antimicrobial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flavobacterium%20columnare" title=" Flavobacterium columnare"> Flavobacterium columnare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clarias%20gariepinus" title=" Clarias gariepinus"> Clarias gariepinus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish" title=" fish"> fish</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25461/antimicrobial-potential-of-calendula-officinalis-extracts-on-flavobacterium-columnare-of-clarias-gariepinus-fingerlings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25461.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">608</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">18</span> Bacteria Flora in the Gut and Respiratory Organs of Clarias gariepinus in Fresh and Brackish Water Habitats of Ondo State, South/West Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nelson%20R.%20Osungbemiro">Nelson R. Osungbemiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafiu%20O.%20Sanni"> Rafiu O. Sanni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rotimi%20F.%20Olaniyan"> Rotimi F. Olaniyan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abayomi%20O.%20Olajuyigbe"> Abayomi O. Olajuyigbe</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bacteria flora of Clarias gariepinus collected from two natural habitats namely Owena River (freshwater) and Igbokoda lagoon (brackish water) were examined using standard microbiological procedures. Thirteen bacterial species were identified. The result indicated that from the identified bacteria isolated, Vibrio sp, Proteus sp. Shigella sp. and E. coli were present in both habitats (fresh and brackish waters). Others were habitat-selective such as Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas sp, Enterococcus sp, Staphylococcus sp. that were found only in freshwater habitat. While Branhamella sp, Streptococcus sp. and Micrococcus sp. were found in brackish water habitat. Bacteria load from Owena river (freshwater) was found to be the highest load recorded at 6.21 x 104cfu. T-test analysis also revealed that there was a marked significant difference between bacterial load in guts of sampled Clarias from fresh water and brackish water habitats. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria%20flora" title="bacteria flora">bacteria flora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gut" title=" gut"> gut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clarias%20gariepinus" title=" Clarias gariepinus"> Clarias gariepinus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Owena%20river" title=" Owena river"> Owena river</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6024/bacteria-flora-in-the-gut-and-respiratory-organs-of-clarias-gariepinus-in-fresh-and-brackish-water-habitats-of-ondo-state-southwest-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6024.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">17</span> Ethnic Militias and Insecurity in Democratic Nigeria </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adeyemi%20Kamil%20Hamzah">Adeyemi Kamil Hamzah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abayomi%20Nathaniel%20Oyesikun"> Abayomi Nathaniel Oyesikun </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Throughout modern history internal strife has burdened Africa most populous nation, Nigeria. The country encompassed more than four hundred ethnic and sub ethnic groups with the different background and identities. This group has not fussed themselves together to emerge as a nation what we have are mere ethnic and religious groups i.e. Hausa/Fulani Igbo Yoruba Ijaw, Ibibio, christian, and Muslim. The source of problematic Nigeria is linked to colonial policy of segmentation, discontent to religion, faith, and ethnicity. The wave of spiral killing among the major ethnic entities with different religious affiliation has brought the process of good governance in the country to its kneel. This paper will place insecurity in Nigeria in context by reviewing the root and rise of ethnic militia. In doing so it will evaluate how the West Africa power house arrive at the point where it is today with all unprecedented unrest from regions that formed Nigeria. Both primary and secondary sources were applied for the quality of this paper. The effects of ethnic militia in realizing and actualizing political stability are equally discussed, recommendations proffered and conclusion given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnic" title="ethnic">ethnic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=militia" title=" militia"> militia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=violence" title=" violence"> violence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insecurity" title=" insecurity"> insecurity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=democracy" title=" democracy"> democracy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30473/ethnic-militias-and-insecurity-in-democratic-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30473.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">16</span> Maternal Deprivation as Predictor of Academic Performance and Psychosocial Adjustment of Primary School Pupils in Abeokuta Metropolis </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abayomi%20Olatoke%20Adejobi">Abayomi Olatoke Adejobi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigated maternal deprivation as predictor of academic performance and psychosocial adjustment of primary school pupils in Abeokuta metropolis. Three null hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Two hundred public primary school pupils were randomly selected as subjects for the study. The instruments used for data collection were Index of Family Relations (IFR) by Hudson, modified version of Psychosocial Adjustment Scale (PAS) by O’ bailey and Academic records of the pupils from Cumulative Records Folder (CRF). The data collected were statistically treated and the three hypotheses were tested using t-test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation Confident statistical methods at 0.05 alpha level. The results of the analysis showed that there is a significant difference in the academic performance of children who suffered maternal deprivation and those who did not (t – 5.61; df = 198; P < 0.05). Also, there was a significant relationship between psychosocial adjustment of children and maternal deprivation (r = 0.37, df = 10; P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in academic performance of boys and girls who suffered maternal deprivation (t = 0.32; df = 109; P > 0.05). Based on the results some recommendations were made. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maternal%20deprivation" title="maternal deprivation">maternal deprivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychosocial%20adjustment" title=" psychosocial adjustment"> psychosocial adjustment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20performance" title=" academic performance"> academic performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20school%20pupils" title=" primary school pupils"> primary school pupils</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10960/maternal-deprivation-as-predictor-of-academic-performance-and-psychosocial-adjustment-of-primary-school-pupils-in-abeokuta-metropolis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">15</span> Sorption of Crystal Violet from Aqueous Solution Using Chitosan−Charcoal Composite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kingsley%20Izuagbe%20Ikeke">Kingsley Izuagbe Ikeke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abayomi%20O.%20Adetuyi"> Abayomi O. Adetuyi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study investigated the removal efficiency of crystal violet from aqueous solution using chitosan-charcoal composite as adsorbent. Deproteination was carried out by placing 200g of powdered snail shell in 4% w/v NaOH for 2hours. The sample was then placed in 1% HCl for 24 hours to remove CaCO3. Deacetylation was done by boiling in 50% NaOH for 2hours. 10% Oxalic acid was used to dissolve the chitosan before mixing with charcoal at 55°C to form the composite. The composite was characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red and Scanning Electron Microscopy measurements. The efficiency of adsorption was evaluated by varying pH of the solution, contact time, initial concentration and adsorbent dose. Maximum removal of crystal violet by composite and activated charcoal was attained at pH10 while maximum removal of crystal violet by chitosan was achieved at pH 8. The results showed that adsorption of both dyes followed the pseudo-second-order rate equation and fit the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The data showed that composite was best suited for crystal violet removal and also did relatively well in the removal of alizarin red. Thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy change (ΔHº), free energy change (ΔGº) and entropy change (ΔSº) indicate that adsorption process of Crystal Violet was endothermic, spontaneous and feasible respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crystal%20violet" title="crystal violet">crystal violet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan%E2%88%92charcoal%20composite" title=" chitosan−charcoal composite"> chitosan−charcoal composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction%20process" title=" extraction process"> extraction process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sorption" title=" sorption"> sorption</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66114/sorption-of-crystal-violet-from-aqueous-solution-using-chitosancharcoal-composite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66114.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">439</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">14</span> Contact-Impact Analysis of Continuum Compliant Athletic Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theddeus%20Tochukwu%20Akano">Theddeus Tochukwu Akano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omotayo%20Abayomi%20Fakinlede"> Omotayo Abayomi Fakinlede</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Proper understanding of the behavior of compliant mechanisms use by athletes is important in order to avoid catastrophic failure. Such compliant mechanisms like the flex-run require the knowledge of their dynamic response and deformation behavior under quickly varying loads. The modeling of finite deformations of the compliant athletic system is described by Neo-Hookean model under contact-impact conditions. The dynamic impact-contact governing equations for both the target and impactor are derived based on the updated Lagrangian approach. A method where contactor and target are considered as a united body is applied in the formulation of the principle of virtual work for the bodies. In this paper, methods of continuum mechanics and nonlinear finite element method were deployed to develop a model that could capture the behavior of the compliant athletic system under quickly varying loads. A hybrid system of symbolic algebra (AceGEN) and a compiled back end (AceFEM) were employed, leveraging both ease of use and computational efficiency. The simulated results reveal the effect of the various contact-impact conditions on the deformation behavior of the impacting compliant mechanism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eigenvalue%20problems" title="eigenvalue problems">eigenvalue problems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robin%20boundary%20condition" title=" robin boundary condition"> robin boundary condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sturm-liouville%20problem" title=" sturm-liouville problem"> sturm-liouville problem</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37921/contact-impact-analysis-of-continuum-compliant-athletic-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37921.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">13</span> Personalization of Context Information Retrieval Model via User Search Behaviours for Ranking Document Relevance </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kehinde%20Agbele">Kehinde Agbele</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Longe%20Olumide"> Longe Olumide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Ekong"> Daniel Ekong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dele%20Seluwa"> Dele Seluwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akintoye%20Onamade"> Akintoye Onamade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One major problem of most existing information retrieval systems (IRS) is that they provide even access and retrieval results to individual users specially based on the query terms user issued to the system. When using IRS, users often present search queries made of ad-hoc keywords. It is then up to IRS to obtain a precise representation of user’s information need, and the context of the information. In effect, the volume and range of the Internet documents is growing exponentially and consequently causes difficulties for a user to obtain information that precisely matches the user interest. Diverse combination techniques are used to achieve the specific goal. This is due, firstly, to the fact that users often do not present queries to IRS that optimally represent the information they want, and secondly, the measure of a document's relevance is highly subjective between diverse users. In this paper, we address the problem by investigating the optimization of IRS to individual information needs in order of relevance. The paper addressed the development of algorithms that optimize the ranking of documents retrieved from IRS. This paper addresses this problem with a two-fold approach in order to retrieve domain-specific documents. Firstly, the design of context of information. The context of a query determines retrieved information relevance using personalization and context-awareness. Thus, executing the same query in diverse contexts often leads to diverse result rankings based on the user preferences. Secondly, the relevant context aspects should be incorporated in a way that supports the knowledge domain representing users’ interests. In this paper, the use of evolutionary algorithms is incorporated to improve the effectiveness of IRS. A context-based information retrieval system that learns individual needs from user-provided relevance feedback is developed whose retrieval effectiveness is evaluated using precision and recall metrics. The results demonstrate how to use attributes from user interaction behavior to improve the IR effectiveness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=context" title="context">context</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=document%20relevance" title=" document relevance"> document relevance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20retrieval" title=" information retrieval"> information retrieval</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=personalization" title=" personalization"> personalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user%20search%20behaviors" title=" user search behaviors"> user search behaviors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25304/personalization-of-context-information-retrieval-model-via-user-search-behaviours-for-ranking-document-relevance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25304.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">12</span> The Aquatic Plants Community in the Owena-Idanre Section of the Owena River of Ondo State</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafiu%20O.%20Sanni">Rafiu O. Sanni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abayomi%20O.%20Olajuyigbe"> Abayomi O. Olajuyigbe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nelson%20R.%20Osungbemiro"> Nelson R. Osungbemiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rotimi%20F.%20Olaniyan"> Rotimi F. Olaniyan </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Owena River lies within the drainage basins of the Oni, Siluko, and Ogbesse rivers. The river’s immediate surroundings are covered by dense forests, interspersed by plantations of cocoa, oil palm, kolanut, bananas, and other crops. The objectives were to identify the aquatic plants community, comprising the algae and aquatic macrophytes, observe their population dynamics in relation to the two seasons and identify their economic importance, especially to the neighbouring community. The study sites were determined using a stratified sampling method. Three strata were marked out for sampling namely strata I (upstream)–5 stations, strata II (reservoir) –2 stations, and strata III (outflow) 2 stations. These nine stations were tagged st1, st2, st3…st9. The aquatic macrophytes were collected using standard methods and identified at the University of Ibadan herbarium while the algal samples were collected using standard methods for microalgae. The periphytonic species were scraped from surfaces of rocks (perilithic), sucked with large syringe from mud (epipellic), scraped from suspended logs, washed from roots of aquatic angiosperms (epiphytic), as well as shaken from other particles such as suspended plant parts. Some were collected physically by scooping floating thallus of non-microscopic multicellular forms. The specimens were taken to the laboratory and observed under a microscope with mounted digital camera for photomicrography. Identification was done using Prescott. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquatic%20plants" title="aquatic plants">aquatic plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquatic%20macrophytes" title=" aquatic macrophytes"> aquatic macrophytes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algae" title=" algae"> algae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Owena%20river" title=" Owena river"> Owena river</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25176/the-aquatic-plants-community-in-the-owena-idanre-section-of-the-owena-river-of-ondo-state" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25176.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">558</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">11</span> Trade Policy Incentives and Economic Growth in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Dele%20Balogun">Emmanuel Dele Balogun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper analyzes, using descriptive statistics and econometrics data which span the period 1981 to 2014 to gauge the effects of trade policy incentives on economic growth in Nigeria. It argues that the provided incentives penalize economic growth during pre-trade liberalization eras, but stimulated a rapid increase in total factor productivity during the post-liberalization period of 2000 to 2014. The trend analysis shows that Nigeria maintained high tariff walls in economic regulation eras which became low in post liberalization era. The protections were in favor of infant industries, which were mainly appendages of multinationals but against imports of competing food and finished consumer products. The trade openness index confirms the undue exposure of Nigeria’s economy to the vagaries of international market shocks; while banking sector recapitalization and new listing of telecommunications companies deepened the financial markets in post-liberalization era. The structure of economic incentives was biased in favor of construction, trade and services, but against the real sector despite protectionist policies. Total Factor Productivity (TFP) estimates show that the Nigerian economy suffered stagnation in pre-liberalization eras, but experienced rapid growth rates in post-liberalization eras. The regression results relating trade policy incentives to TFP growth rate yielded a significant but negative intercept suggesting that a non-interventionist policy could be detrimental to economic progress, while protective tariff which limits imports of competing products could spur productivity gains in domestic import substitutes beyond factor growth with market liberalization. The main constraint to the effectiveness of trade policy incentives is the failure of benefiting industries to leverage on the domestic factor endowments of the nation. This paper concludes that there is the need to review the current economic transformation strategies urgently with a view to provide policymakers with a better understanding of the most viable options that could make for rapid success. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title="economic growth">economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macroeconomic%20incentives" title=" macroeconomic incentives"> macroeconomic incentives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=total%20factor%20productivity" title=" total factor productivity"> total factor productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trade%20policies" title=" trade policies"> trade policies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49838/trade-policy-incentives-and-economic-growth-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">322</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">10</span> Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Aqueous Extract of Moringa oleifera Lam Leaves and Its Ameliorative Effect on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia in Wistar Rat</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rotimi%20Larayetana">Rotimi Larayetana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yahaya%20Abdulrazaq"> Yahaya Abdulrazaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oladunni%20O.%20Falola"> Oladunni O. Falola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abayomi%20Ajayi"> Abayomi Ajayi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study was to perform green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera Lam (M oleifera) leaves and determine its effects on benign prostatic hyperplasia in Wistar rats. Silver nitrate (AgNO₃) solution was reduced using the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera Lam leaves, the resultant biogenic AgNPs were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectrophotometric, SEM, TEM and X-ray diffraction analysis. Animal experiments involved thirty (30) adult male Wistar rats randomly divided into five groups (A to E; n ₌ 5). Group A received only subcutaneous injection of olive oil daily while the other groups got 3 mg/kg/daily of testosterone propionate (TP) subcutaneously plus 50 mg/kg/daily of AgNPs intraperitoneally (B), 3 mg/kg/daily of TP plus 25 mg/kg/daily of AgNPs (C), 3 mg/kg/daily of TP only (D) and 25 mg/kg/daily of AgNPs only (E). The animals were sacrificed after 14 days, and the prostate gland, liver, and kidney were processed for histological analysis. Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis were performed to determine the composition of the M oleifera extract used. Biogenic AgNPs with an average diameter of 23 nm were synthesized. Biogenic AgNPs ameliorated hormone-induced prostate enlargement, and the inhibition of prostatic hypertrophy could be due to the presence of a significant amount of plant fatty acids and phytosterols in the aqueous extract of M oleifera extract. However, the administration of biogenic AgNPs at higher doses impacted negatively on the cytoarchitecture of the liver. Green synthesis of AgNPs with the aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera might be beneficial for the treatment of BPH. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=benign%20prostatic%20hyperplasia" title="benign prostatic hyperplasia">benign prostatic hyperplasia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biogenic%20synthesis" title=" biogenic synthesis"> biogenic synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moringa%20oleifera" title=" Moringa oleifera"> Moringa oleifera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20nanoparticles" title=" silver nanoparticles"> silver nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=testosterone" title=" testosterone"> testosterone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171460/green-synthesis-of-silver-nanoparticles-with-aqueous-extract-of-moringa-oleifera-lam-leaves-and-its-ameliorative-effect-on-benign-prostatic-hyperplasia-in-wistar-rat" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171460.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">95</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9</span> Implications of Optimisation Algorithm on the Forecast Performance of Artificial Neural Network for Streamflow Modelling</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martins%20Y.%20Otache">Martins Y. Otache</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=John%20J.%20Musa"> John J. Musa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abayomi%20I.%20Kuti"> Abayomi I. Kuti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustapha%20Mohammed"> Mustapha Mohammed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performance of an artificial neural network (ANN) is contingent on a host of factors, for instance, the network optimisation scheme. In view of this, the study examined the general implications of the ANN training optimisation algorithm on its forecast performance. To this end, the Bayesian regularisation (Br), Levenberg-Marquardt (LM), and the adaptive learning gradient descent: GDM (with momentum) algorithms were employed under different ANN structural configurations: (1) single-hidden layer, and (2) double-hidden layer feedforward back propagation network. Results obtained revealed generally that the gradient descent with momentum (GDM) optimisation algorithm, with its adaptive learning capability, used a relatively shorter time in both training and validation phases as compared to the Levenberg- Marquardt (LM) and Bayesian Regularisation (Br) algorithms though learning may not be consummated; i.e., in all instances considering also the prediction of extreme flow conditions for 1-day and 5-day ahead, respectively especially using the ANN model. In specific statistical terms on the average, model performance efficiency using the coefficient of efficiency (CE) statistic were Br: 98%, 94%; LM: 98 %, 95 %, and GDM: 96 %, 96% respectively for training and validation phases. However, on the basis of relative error distribution statistics (MAE, MAPE, and MSRE), GDM performed better than the others overall. Based on the findings, it is imperative to state that the adoption of ANN for real-time forecasting should employ training algorithms that do not have computational overhead like the case of LM that requires the computation of the Hessian matrix, protracted time, and sensitivity to initial conditions; to this end, Br and other forms of the gradient descent with momentum should be adopted considering overall time expenditure and quality of the forecast as well as mitigation of network overfitting. On the whole, it is recommended that evaluation should consider implications of (i) data quality and quantity and (ii) transfer functions on the overall network forecast performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=streamflow" title="streamflow">streamflow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimisation" title=" optimisation"> optimisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithm" title=" algorithm"> algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132874/implications-of-optimisation-algorithm-on-the-forecast-performance-of-artificial-neural-network-for-streamflow-modelling" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132874.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8</span> Principal Component Analysis of Body Weight and Morphometric Traits of New Zealand Rabbits Raised under Semi-Arid Condition in Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Abayomi%20Rotimi">Emmanuel Abayomi Rotimi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Context: Rabbits production plays important role in increasing animal protein supply in Nigeria. Rabbit production provides a cheap, affordable, and healthy source of meat. The growth of animals involves an increase in body weight, which can change the conformation of various parts of the body. Live weight and linear measurements are indicators of growth rate in rabbits and other farm animals. Aims: This study aimed to define the body dimensions of New Zealand rabbits and also to investigate the morphometric traits variables that contribute to body conformation by the use of principal component analysis (PCA). Methods: Data were obtained from 80 New Zealand rabbits (40 bucks and 40 does) raised in Livestock Teaching and Research Farm, Federal University Dutsinma. Data were taken on body weight (BWT), body length (BL), ear length (EL), tail length (TL), heart girth (HG) and abdominal circumference (AC). Data collected were subjected to multivariate analysis using SPSS 20.0 statistical package. Key results: The descriptive statistics showed that the mean BWT, BL, EL, TL, HG, and AC were 0.91kg, 27.34cm, 10.24cm, 8.35cm, 19.55cm and 21.30cm respectively. Sex showed significant (P<0.05) effect on all the variables examined, with higher values recorded for does. The phenotypic correlation coefficient values (r) between the morphometric traits were all positive and ranged from r = 0.406 (between EL and BL) to r = 0.909 (between AC and HG). HG is the most correlated with BWT (r = 0.786). The principal component analysis with variance maximizing orthogonal rotation was used to extract the components. Two principal components (PCs) from the factor analysis of morphometric traits explained about 80.42% of the total variance. PC1 accounted for 64.46% while PC2 accounted for 15.97% of the total variances. Three variables, representing body conformation, loaded highest in PC1. PC1 had the highest contribution (64.46%) to the total variance, and it is regarded as body conformation traits. Conclusions: This component could be used as selection criteria for improving body weight of rabbits. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conformation" title="conformation">conformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multicollinearity" title=" multicollinearity"> multicollinearity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multivariate" title=" multivariate"> multivariate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rabbits%20and%20principal%20component%20analysis" title=" rabbits and principal component analysis"> rabbits and principal component analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110184/principal-component-analysis-of-body-weight-and-morphometric-traits-of-new-zealand-rabbits-raised-under-semi-arid-condition-in-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110184.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7</span> Problems and Prospects of Agricultural Biotechnology in Nigeria’s Developing Economy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samson%20Abayomi%20Olasoju">Samson Abayomi Olasoju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olufemi%20Adekunle"> Olufemi Adekunle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Titilope%20Edun"> Titilope Edun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johnson%20Owoseni"> Johnson Owoseni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Science offers opportunities for revolutionizing human activities, enriched by input from scientific research and technology. Biotechnology is a major force for development in developing countries such as Nigeria. It is found to contribute to solving human problems like water and food insecurity that impede national development and threaten peace wherever it is applied. This review identified the problems of agricultural biotechnology in Nigeria. On the part of rural farmers, there is a lack of adequate knowledge or awareness of biotechnology despite the fact that they constitute the bulk of Nigerian farmers. On part of the government, the problems include: lack of adequate implementation of government policy on bio-safety and genetically modified products, inadequate funding of education as well as research and development of products related to biotechnology. Other problems include: inadequate infrastructures (including laboratory), poor funding and lack of national strategies needed for development and running of agricultural biotechnology. In spite of all the challenges associated with agricultural biotechnology, its prospects still remain great if Nigeria is to meet with the food needs of the country’s ever increasing population. The introduction of genetically engineered products will lead to the high productivity needed for commercialization and food security. Insect, virus and other related diseases resistant crops and livestock are another viable area of contribution of biotechnology to agricultural production. In conclusion, agricultural biotechnology will not only ensure food security, but, in addition, will ensure that the local farmers utilize appropriate technology needed for large production, leading to the prosperity of the farmers and national economic growth, provided government plays its role of adequate funding and good policy implementation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biosafety" title="biosafety">biosafety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biotechnology" title=" biotechnology"> biotechnology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20security" title=" food security"> food security</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20engineering" title=" genetic engineering"> genetic engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20modification" title=" genetic modification"> genetic modification</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90967/problems-and-prospects-of-agricultural-biotechnology-in-nigerias-developing-economy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90967.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">6</span> Comparative Analysis of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene Concentrations at Roadside and Urban Background Sites in Leicester and Lagos Using Thermal Desorption-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Bernard">Emmanuel Bernard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rebecca%20L.%20Cordell"> Rebecca L. Cordell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akeem%20A.%20Abayomi"> Akeem A. Abayomi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rose%20Alani"> Rose Alani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paul%20S.%20Monks"> Paul S. Monks</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates the prevalence and extent of BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylene) contamination in Leicester, United Kingdom, and Lagos, Nigeria, through field measurements at roadside (RS) and urban background (UB) sites. Using thermal desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS), BTEX concentrations were quantified. In Leicester, the average RS concentration was 24.9 ± 8.9 μg/m³, and the UB concentration was 12.7 ± 5.7 μg/m³. In Lagos, the RS concentration was significantly higher at 106 ± 39.3 μg/m³, and the UB concentration was 20.1 ± 8.9 μg/m³. The RS concentration in Lagos was approximately 4.3 times higher than in Leicester, while the UB concentration was about 1.6 times higher. These disparities are attributed to differences in road infrastructure, traffic regulation compliance, fuel and oil quality, and local activities. In Leicester, the highest UB concentration (20.5 ± 1.7 μg/m³) was at Knighton Village, near the heavily polluted RS Wigston roundabout. In Lagos, the highest concentration (172.1 ± 12.2 μg/m³) was at Ojuelegba, a major transportation hub. Correlation analysis revealed strong positive relationships between the concentrations of BTEX compounds in both cities, suggesting common sources such as vehicular emissions and industrial activities. The ratios of toluene to benzene (T:B) and m/p xylene to ethylbenzene (m/p X:E) were analysed to infer source contributions and the photochemical age of air masses. The T:B ratio in Leicester ranged from 0.44 to 0.71, while in Lagos, it ranged from 1.36 to 2.17. The m/p X:E ratio in Leicester ranged from 2.11 to 2.19, like other UK cities, while in Lagos, it ranged from 1.65 to 2.32, indicating relatively fresh emissions. This study highlights significant differences in BTEX concentrations between Leicester and Lagos, emphasizing the need for tailored pollution control strategies to address the specific sources and conditions in different urban environments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BTEX%20contamination" title="BTEX contamination">BTEX contamination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20air%20quality" title=" urban air quality"> urban air quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20desorption%20GC-MS" title=" thermal desorption GC-MS"> thermal desorption GC-MS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roadside%20emissions" title=" roadside emissions"> roadside emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20background%20sites" title=" urban background sites"> urban background sites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vehicular%20emissions" title=" vehicular emissions"> vehicular emissions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution%20control%20strategies" title=" pollution control strategies"> pollution control strategies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186333/comparative-analysis-of-benzene-toluene-ethylbenzene-and-xylene-concentrations-at-roadside-and-urban-background-sites-in-leicester-and-lagos-using-thermal-desorption-gas-chromatography-mass-spectrometry" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186333.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">46</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Resolving Problems Experienced by Involving Patients in the Development of Pharmaceutical Products at Post-Launch Stage of Pharmaceutical Product Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Clara%20T.%20Fatoye">Clara T. Fatoye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=April%20Betts"> April Betts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abayomi%20Odeyemi"> Abayomi Odeyemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Francis%20A.%20Fatoye"> Francis A. Fatoye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isaac%20O.%20Odeyemi"> Isaac O. Odeyemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: The post-launch stage is the last stage in the development of a pharmaceutical product. It is important to involve patients in the development of pharmaceutical products at the post-launch stage, as patients are the end-users of pharmaceutical products. It is expected that involving them might ensure an effective working relationship among the various stakeholders. However, involving patients in the development of pharmaceutical products comes with its problems. Hence, this study examined how to resolve problems experienced by involving patients in the developments of pharmaceutical products’ at post-launch consisting of Positioning of pharmaceutical products (POPP), detailing of pharmaceutical products (DOPP) and reimbursement and Formulary Submission (R&FS). Methods: A questionnaire was used for the present study. It was administered at the ISPOR Glasgow 2017 to 104 participants, all of which were professionals from Market access (MA) and health economics and outcomes research (HEOR) backgrounds. They were asked how the issues experienced by patients can be resolved. Participants responded under six domains as follows: communication, cost, effectiveness, external factors, Quality of life (QoL) and safety. Thematic analysis was carried out to identify strategies to resolve issues experienced by patients at the post-launch stage. Results: Three (3) factors cut across at POPP, DOPP, and R&FS that is (external factors, communication and QoL). The first resolution method was an external factor that is, the relationship with stakeholders and policymakers. Communication was also identified as a resolution method that can help to resolve problems experienced by patients at the post-launch stage. The third method was QoL as perceived by the patients based on professionals’ opinions. Other strategies that could be used to resolve problems experienced were the effectiveness of pharmaceutical products at the DOPP level and cost at R&FS. Conclusion: The study showed that focusing on external factors, communication, and patients’ QoL are methods for resolving issues experienced by involving patients at the post-launch stage of pharmaceutical product development. Hence, effective working relationships between patients, policymakers and stakeholders may help to resolve problems experienced at the post-launch stage. Healthcare policymakers are to be aware of these findings as they may help them to put appropriate strategies in place to enhance the involvement of patients in pharmaceutical product development at the post-launch stage, thereby improving the health outcomes of the patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patients" title="patients">patients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pharmaceutical%20products" title=" pharmaceutical products"> pharmaceutical products</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=post-launch%20stage" title=" post-launch stage"> post-launch stage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20life" title=" quality of life"> quality of life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=QoL" title=" QoL"> QoL</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112270/resolving-problems-experienced-by-involving-patients-in-the-development-of-pharmaceutical-products-at-post-launch-stage-of-pharmaceutical-product-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Experimental Determination of Water Productivity of Improved Cassava Varieties Propagation under Rain-Fed Condition in Tropical Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Temitayo%20Abayomi%20Ewemoje">Temitayo Abayomi Ewemoje</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Isaac%20Olugbemiga%20Afolayan"> Isaac Olugbemiga Afolayan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Badmus%20Alao%20Tayo"> Badmus Alao Tayo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Researchers in developing countries have worked on improving cassava resistance to diseases and pests, high yielding and early maturity However, water management has received little or no attention as cassava cultivation in Sub-Saharan Africa depended on available precipitation (rain-fed condition). Therefore the need for water management in Agricultural crop production cannot be overemphasized. As other sectors compete with agricultural sector for fresh water (which is not readily available), there is need to increase water productivity in agricultural production. Experimentation was conducted to examine water use, growth and yield of improved cassava varieties under rain fed condition using Latin- square design with four replications. Four improved disease free stem cassava varieties TMS (30572, 980505, 920326 and 090581) were planted and growth parameters of the varieties were monitored for 90 and 120 days after planting (DAP). Effective rainfall useful for the plant growth was calculated using CROPWAT8 for Windows. Results indicated TMS090581 was having the highest tuber yield and plant height while TMS30572 had highest number of nodes. Tuber stem and leaf water productivities at 90 and 120 DAP of TMS (30572, 980505, 920326 and 090581) are (1.27 and 3.58, 1.44 and 2.35, 0.89 and 1.86, 1.64 and 3.77) kg/m3 (1.56 and 2.59, 1.95 and 2.02, 1.98 and 2.05, 1.95 and 2.18) kg/m3, and (1.34 and 2.32, 1.94 and 2.16, 1.57 and 1.40, 1.27 and 1.80) kg/m3 respectively. Based on tuber water productivity TMS090581 are recommended while TMS30572 are recommended based on leaf and stem productivity in water scarce regions.Experimentation was conducted to examine water use, growth and yield of improved cassava varieties under rain fed condition using Latin- square design with four replications. Four improved disease free stem cassava varieties TMS (30572, 980505, 920326 and 090581) were planted and growth parameters of the varieties were monitored for 90 and 120 days after planting (DAP). Effective rainfall useful for the plant growth was calculated using CROPWAT8 for Windows. Results indicated TMS090581 was having the highest tuber yield and plant height while TMS30572 had the highest number of nodes. Tuber, stem and leaf water productivities at 90 and 120 DAP of TMS (30572, 980505, 920326 and 090581) are (1.27 and 3.58, 1.44 and 2.35, 0.89 and 1.86, 1.64 and 3.77) kg/m3 (1.56 and 2.59, 1.95 and 2.02, 1.98 and 2.05, 1.95 and 2.18) kg/m3, and (1.34 and 2.32, 1.94 and 2.16, 1.57 and 1.40, 1.27 and 1.80) kg/m3 respectively. Based on tuber water productivity TMS090581 are recommended while TMS30572 are recommended based on leaf and stem productivity in water scarce regions <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improved%20TMS%20varieties" title="improved TMS varieties">improved TMS varieties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaf%20productivity" title=" leaf productivity"> leaf productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rain-fed%20cassava%20production" title=" rain-fed cassava production"> rain-fed cassava production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stem%20productivity" title=" stem productivity"> stem productivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuber%20productivity" title=" tuber productivity"> tuber productivity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39723/experimental-determination-of-water-productivity-of-improved-cassava-varieties-propagation-under-rain-fed-condition-in-tropical-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">344</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Case Study of Mechanised Shea Butter Production in South-Western Nigeria Using the LCA Approach from Gate-to-Gate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Temitayo%20Abayomi%20Ewemoje">Temitayo Abayomi Ewemoje</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oluwamayowa%20Oluwafemi%20Oluwaniyi"> Oluwamayowa Oluwafemi Oluwaniyi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Agriculture and food processing, industry are among the largest industrial sectors that uses large amount of energy. Thus, a larger amount of gases from their fuel combustion technologies is being released into the environment. The choice of input energy supply not only directly having affects the environment, but also poses a threat to human health. The study was therefore designed to assess each unit production processes in order to identify hotspots using life cycle assessments (LCA) approach in South-western Nigeria. Data such as machine power rating, operation duration, inputs and outputs of shea butter materials for unit processes obtained at site were used to modelled Life Cycle Impact Analysis on GaBi6 (Holistic Balancing) software. Four scenarios were drawn for the impact assessments. Material sourcing from Kaiama, Scenarios 1, 3 and Minna Scenarios 2, 4 but different heat supply sources (Liquefied Petroleum Gas ‘LPG’ Scenarios 1, 2 and 10.8 kW Diesel Heater, scenarios 3, 4). Modelling of shea butter production on GaBi6 was for 1kg functional unit of shea butter produced and the Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and other Environmental Impacts (TRACI) midpoint assessment was tool used to was analyse the life cycle inventories of the four scenarios. Eight categories in all four Scenarios were observed out of which three impact categories; Global Warming Potential (GWP) (0.613, 0.751, 0.661, 0.799) kg CO2¬-Equiv., Acidification Potential (AP) (0.112, 0.132, 0.129, 0.149) kg H+ moles-Equiv., and Smog (0.044, 0.059, 0.049, 0.063) kg O3-Equiv., categories had the greater impacts on the environment in Scenarios 1-4 respectively. Impacts from transportation activities was also seen to contribute more to these environmental impact categories due to large volume of petrol combusted leading to releases of gases such as CO2, CH4, N2O, SO2, and NOx into the environment during the transportation of raw shea kernel purchased. The ratio of transportation distance from Minna and Kaiama to production site was approximately 3.5. Shea butter unit processes with greater impacts in all categories was the packaging, milling and with the churning processes in ascending order of magnitude was identified as hotspots that may require attention. From the 1kg shea butter functional unit, it was inferred that locating production site at the shortest travelling distance to raw material sourcing and combustion of LPG for heating would reduce all the impact categories assessed on the environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GaBi6" title="GaBi6">GaBi6</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" Life cycle assessment"> Life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shea%20butter%20production" title=" shea butter production"> shea butter production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TRACI" title=" TRACI"> TRACI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39661/case-study-of-mechanised-shea-butter-production-in-south-western-nigeria-using-the-lca-approach-from-gate-to-gate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39661.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> The Mitigation of Quercetin on Lead-Induced Neuroinflammation in a Rat Model: Changes in Neuroinflammatory Markers and Memory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iliyasu%20Musa%20Omoyine">Iliyasu Musa Omoyine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Musa%20Sunday%20Abraham"> Musa Sunday Abraham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oladele%20Sunday%20Blessing"> Oladele Sunday Blessing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iliya%20Ibrahim%20Abdullahi"> Iliya Ibrahim Abdullahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ibegbu%20Augustine%20Oseloka"> Ibegbu Augustine Oseloka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nuhu%20Nana-Hawau"> Nuhu Nana-Hawau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Animoku%20Abdulrazaq%20Amoto"> Animoku Abdulrazaq Amoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yusuf%20Abdullateef%20Onoruoiza"> Yusuf Abdullateef Onoruoiza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sambo%20Sohnap%20James"> Sambo Sohnap James</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akpulu%20Steven%20Peter"> Akpulu Steven Peter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ajayi%20Abayomi"> Ajayi Abayomi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The neuroprotective role of inflammation from detrimental intrinsic and extrinsic factors has been reported. However, the overactivation of astrocytes and microglia due to lead toxicity produce excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines, mediating neurodegenerative diseases. The present study investigated the mitigatory effects of quercetin on neuroinflammation, correlating with memory function in lead-exposed rats. In this study, Wistar rats were administered orally with Quercetin (Q: 60 mg/kg) and Succimer as a standard drug (S: 10 mg/kg) for 21 days after lead exposure (Pb: 125 mg/kg) of 21 days or in combination with Pb, once daily for 42 days. Working and reference memory was assessed using an Eight-arm radial water maze (8-ARWM). The changes in brain lead level, the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activity, and the level of neuroinflammatory markers such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin 1 Beta (IL-1β) were determined. Immunohistochemically, astrocyte expression was evaluated. The results showed that the brain level of lead was increased significantly in lead-exposed rats. The expression of astrocytes increased in the CA3 and CA1 regions of the hippocampus, and the levels of brain TNF-α and IL-1β increased in lead-exposed rats. Lead impaired reference and working memory by increasing reference memory errors and working memory incorrect errors in lead-exposed rats. However, quercetin treatment effectively improved memory and inhibited neuroinflammation by reducing astrocytes’ expression and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β. The expression of astrocytes and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β correlated with memory function. The possible explanation for quercetin’s anti-neuroinflammatory effect is that it modulates the activity of cellular proteins involved in the inflammatory response; inhibits the transcription factor of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), which regulates the expression of proinflammatory molecules; inhibits kinases required for the synthesis of Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and modifies the phosphorylation of some proteins, which affect the structure and function of intermediate filament proteins; and, lastly, induces Cyclic-AMP Response Element Binding (CREB) activation and neurogenesis as a compensatory mechanism for memory deficits and neuronal cell death. In conclusion, the levels of neuroinflammatory markers negatively correlated with memory function. Thus, quercetin may be a promising therapy in neuroinflammation and memory dysfunction in populations prone to lead exposure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead" title="lead">lead</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quercetin" title=" quercetin"> quercetin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuroinflammation" title=" neuroinflammation"> neuroinflammation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=memory" title=" memory"> memory</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185197/the-mitigation-of-quercetin-on-lead-induced-neuroinflammation-in-a-rat-model-changes-in-neuroinflammatory-markers-and-memory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185197.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">53</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Chemical Modifications of Three Underutilized Vegetable Fibres for Improved Composite Value Addition and Dye Absorption Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abayomi%20O.%20Adetuyi">Abayomi O. Adetuyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamiu%20M.%20Jabar"> Jamiu M. Jabar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samuel%20O.%20Afolabi"> Samuel O. Afolabi </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Vegetable fibres are classes of fibres of low density, biodegradable and non-abrasive that are largely abundant fibre materials with specific properties and mostly found/ obtained in plants on earth surface. They are classified into three categories, depending on the part of the plant from which they are gotten from namely: fruit, Blast and Leaf fibre. Ever since four/five millennium B.C, attention has been focussing on the commonest and highly utilized cotton fibre obtained from the fruit of cotton plants (Gossypium spp), for the production of cotton fabric used in every home today. The present study, therefore, focused on the ability of three underutilized vegetable (fruit) fibres namely: coir fiber (Eleas coniferus), palm kernel fiber and empty fruit bunch fiber (Elias guinensis) through chemical modifications for better composite value addition performance to polyurethane form and dye adsorption. These fibres were sourced from their parents’ plants, identified and cleansed with 2% hot detergent solution 1:100, rinsed in distilled water and oven-dried to constant weight, before been chemically modified through alkali bleaching, mercerization and acetylation. The alkali bleaching involves treating 0.5g of each fiber material with 100 mL of 2% H2O2 in 25 % NaOH solution with refluxing for 2 h. While that of mercerization and acetylation involves the use of 5% sodium hydroxide NaOH solution for 2 h and 10% acetic acid- acetic anhydride 1:1 (v/v) (CH3COOH) / (CH3CO)2O solution with conc. H2SO4 as catalyst for 1 h, respectively on the fibres. All were subsequently washed thoroughly with distilled water and oven dried at 105 0C for 1 h. These modified fibres were incorporated as composite into polyurethane form and used in dye adsorption study of indigo. The first two treatments led to fiber weight reduction, while the acidified acetic anhydride treatment gave the fibers weight increment. All the treated fibers were found to be of less hydrophilic nature, better mechanical properties, higher thermal stabilities as well as better adsorption surfaces/capacities than the untreated ones. These were confirmed by gravimetric analysis, Instron Universal Testing Machine, Thermogravimetric Analyser and the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) respectively. The fiber morphology of the modified fibers showed smoother surfaces than unmodified fibres.The empty fruit bunch fibre and the coconut coir fibre are better than the palm kernel fibres as reinforcers for composites or as adsorbents for waste-water treatment. Acetylation and alkaline bleaching treatment improve the potentials of the fibres more than mercerization treatment. Conclusively, vegetable fibres, especially empty fruit bunch fibre and the coconut coir fibre, which are cheap, abundant and underutilized, can replace the very costly powdered activated carbon in wastewater treatment and as reinforcer in foam. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20modification" title="chemical modification">chemical modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20application" title=" industrial application"> industrial application</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20addition" title=" value addition"> value addition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vegetable%20fibre" title=" vegetable fibre"> vegetable fibre</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43847/chemical-modifications-of-three-underutilized-vegetable-fibres-for-improved-composite-value-addition-and-dye-absorption-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th 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