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Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusell_Mini%C3%A9" title="Fusell Minié – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fusell Minié" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini%C3%A9gewehr" title="Miniégewehr – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Miniégewehr" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusil_Mini%C3%A9" title="Fusil Minié – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fusil Minié" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusil_Mini%C3%A9" title="Fusil Minié – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Fusil Minié" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fucile_Mini%C3%A9" title="Fucile Minié – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fucile Minié" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99" title="רובה מיני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רובה מיני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A8%E3%83%BC%E9%8A%83" title="ミニエー銃 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミニエー銃" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzil_Mini%C3%A9" title="Fuzil Minié – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fuzil Minié" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5_(%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%B0)" title="Миње (пушка) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Миње (пушка)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini%C3%A9jeva_pu%C5%A1ka" title="Miniéjeva puška – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Miniéjeva puška" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mini%C3%A9_T%C3%BCfe%C4%9Fi" title="Minié Tüfeği – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Minié Tüfeği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1427149#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> 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Two prominent Minié rifles of the 19th century.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Service_rifle" title="Service rifle">Service rifle</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">France</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Service history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Used by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/French_Second_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="French Second Empire">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">United Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Union">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederate States">Confederate States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Empire of Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Principalities_of_Moldavia_and_Wallachia" title="United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia">United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taiping_Rebellion" title="Taiping Rebellion">Taiping Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rebellion_of_1857" title="Indian Rebellion of 1857">Indian Rebellion of 1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Second Italian War of Independence">Second Italian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_intervention_in_Mexico" title="Second French intervention in Mexico">French intervention in Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_War" title="Paraguayan War">Paraguayan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Schleswig_War" title="Second Schleswig War">Second Schleswig War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Prussian_War" title="Austro-Prussian War">Austro-Prussian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boshin_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Boshin war">Boshin war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Pacific" title="War of the Pacific">War of the Pacific</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Production history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Unit cost</th><td class="infobox-data">$20 (1861)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Rate_of_fire" title="Rate of fire">Rate of fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2 – 4 rounds per minute</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><a href="/wiki/Muzzle_velocity" title="Muzzle velocity">Muzzle velocity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">900 ft/s (270 m/s) – 1,250 ft/s (380 m/s)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Feed system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Muzzle-loading" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzzle-loading">Muzzle-loading</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Minié rifle</b> was an important <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a> <a href="/wiki/Rifle" title="Rifle">rifle</a> of the mid-19th century. A version was adopted in 1849 following the invention of the <a href="/wiki/Mini%C3%A9_ball" title="Minié ball">Minié ball</a> in 1847 by the French Army captain <a href="/wiki/Claude-%C3%89tienne_Mini%C3%A9" title="Claude-Étienne Minié">Claude-Étienne Minié</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Chasseurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Chasseurs">Chasseurs</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henri-Gustave_Delvigne" title="Henri-Gustave Delvigne">Henri-Gustave Delvigne</a>. The bullet was designed to allow rapid <a href="/wiki/Muzzleloader" title="Muzzleloader">muzzle loading</a> of rifles and was an innovation that brought about the widespread use of the rifle as the main battlefield weapon for individual soldiers. The French adopted it following difficulties encountered by the French army in <a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">North Africa</a>, where their muskets were overtaken in range by long-barreled weapons which were handcrafted by their Algerian opponents. The Minié rifle belonged to the category of <a href="/wiki/Rifled_musket" title="Rifled musket">rifled muskets</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mechanism">Mechanism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mini%C3%A9_rifle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Mechanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rifle used a conical-cylindrical shaped soft lead bullet, slightly smaller than the barrel bore, with three exterior grease-filled peripheral grooves and a conical <a href="/wiki/Hollow-base_bullet" title="Hollow-base bullet">hollow in its base</a>. When fired, the expanding gas forcibly pushed on the skirted base of the bullet, spreading it to engage the rifling. This provided spin for accuracy, a better seal for consistent velocity and longer range, and cleaning of barrel detritus. </p><p>Before this <a href="/wiki/Innovation" title="Innovation">innovation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Smoothbore" title="Smoothbore">smoothbore</a> <a href="/wiki/Musket" title="Musket">musket</a> commonly using the <a href="/wiki/Buck_and_ball" title="Buck and ball">buck and ball</a> was the only practical field weapon. Rifled muskets had been in use since the <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a>, but they required hammering projectiles with a ramrod and mallet into the bore of the barrel, and also created considerable cleaning problems. The short-lived "<a href="/wiki/Carabine_%C3%A0_tige" title="Carabine à tige">carabine à tige</a>" system used a pin at the bottom of the barrel which deformed the bullet against the wall of the barrel when the bullet was pushed to the bottom. This system was very problematic for cleaning, especially with the black powders of the period. </p><p>A test in <a href="/wiki/Vincennes" title="Vincennes">Vincennes</a> in 1849 demonstrated that at 15 yards the bullet was able to penetrate two boards of poplar wood, each two-thirds of an inch thick and separated by 20 inches. Soldiers of the time spread rumors that at 1,200 yards the bullet could penetrate a soldier and his knapsack and still kill anyone standing behind him, even killing every person in a line of 15. </p><p>The Minié rifle saw limited distribution in the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> and similar rifles using Minié bullets (such as the <a href="/wiki/Pattern_1853_Enfield" title="Pattern 1853 Enfield">Pattern 1853 Enfield</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Model_1861" title="Springfield Model 1861">Springfield Model 1861</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lorenz_rifle" title="Lorenz rifle">Lorenz rifle</a>) were the dominant infantry weapons in the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. The large-caliber, easily deformed conical lead bullets, ranging in diameter from .54 to .58 inches (14-18mm), combined with the high-speed spin from the rifling, created terrible wounds. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mini%C3%A9_rifle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Pattern 1851 Minié rifle was in use by the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> from 1851 to 1855. 34,000 of the guns were made under the formal name of Regulation Minié rifle.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferguson105_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferguson105-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ferguson320_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferguson320-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rifle was .702 caliber with the intent that in emergency it could fire musket balls.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferguson419_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferguson419-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ferguson944_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferguson944-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In practice it was found that only about 12 could be fired before it became impossible to reload.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferguson944_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferguson944-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Minié system was also used extensively by various manufacturers, such as <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Armory" title="Springfield Armory">Springfield</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Springfield_Model_1861" title="Springfield Model 1861">Springfield Model 1861</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Small_Arms_Factory" title="Royal Small Arms Factory">Enfield</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Pattern_1853_Enfield" title="Pattern 1853 Enfield">Pattern 1853 Enfield</a>). </p><p>Minié rifles were also used extensively in the <a href="/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">Boshin War</a> (1868–1869) in Japan, where they had an important role in tipping the balance against the <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa</a> forces in encounters such as the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi" title="Battle of Toba–Fushimi">Battle of Toba–Fushimi</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Obsolescence">Obsolescence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mini%C3%A9_rifle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Obsolescence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Second_Schleswig_War" title="Second Schleswig War">Second Schleswig War</a>, the muzzle-loading Minié rifle became obsolete in 1864 as the Danish foundered, equipped with Minié rifles, against the Prussians, who had the innovative early bolt-action <a href="/wiki/Dreyse_needle_gun" title="Dreyse needle gun">Dreyse</a> rifles. Later, in the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Prussian_War" title="Austro-Prussian War">Austro-Prussian War</a>, the Prussians again defeated their enemy in the form of the Austrians who were also equipped with Minié rifles. In France, the existing Minié rifles were then retooled to accommodate a breech-loading mechanism reminiscent of a <a href="/wiki/Snuff_box" class="mw-redirect" title="Snuff box">snuff box</a>, and became known as <a href="/wiki/Tabati%C3%A8re_rifle" title="Tabatière rifle">Tabatière (snuff-box) rifles</a>. Soon after, the breech-loading <a href="/wiki/Chassepot" title="Chassepot">Chassepot</a> system was adopted by the French army. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mini%C3%A9_rifle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Minie_Balls.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Various types of Minié balls"><img alt="Various types of Minié balls" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Minie_Balls.jpg/120px-Minie_Balls.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Minie_Balls.jpg/180px-Minie_Balls.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Minie_Balls.jpg/240px-Minie_Balls.jpg 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="296" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Various types of <a href="/wiki/Mini%C3%A9_ball" title="Minié ball">Minié balls</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MinieRifleIllustration.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Training with the Minié rifle during the American Civil War, 1863. The caption reads: "Teaching the negro recruits the use of the Minié rifle""><img alt="Training with the Minié rifle during the American Civil War, 1863. The caption reads: "Teaching the negro recruits the use of the Minié rifle"" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/MinieRifleIllustration.jpg/79px-MinieRifleIllustration.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/MinieRifleIllustration.jpg/118px-MinieRifleIllustration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/MinieRifleIllustration.jpg/158px-MinieRifleIllustration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="696" data-file-height="1058" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Training with the Minié rifle during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, 1863. The caption reads: <i>"Teaching the <a href="/wiki/Negro" title="Negro">negro</a> recruits the use of the Minié rifle"</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soldier-Minie.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="French soldier stands with M1842T Minié rifle"><img alt="French soldier stands with M1842T Minié rifle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Soldier-Minie.jpg/75px-Soldier-Minie.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Soldier-Minie.jpg/112px-Soldier-Minie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Soldier-Minie.jpg/150px-Soldier-Minie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="508" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">French soldier stands with M1842T Minié rifle</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Minie_ball_design_harpers_ferry_burton.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1855 Minié ball design from Harpers Ferry, West Virginia"><img alt="1855 Minié ball design from Harpers Ferry, West Virginia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Minie_ball_design_harpers_ferry_burton.jpg/120px-Minie_ball_design_harpers_ferry_burton.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Minie_ball_design_harpers_ferry_burton.jpg/180px-Minie_ball_design_harpers_ferry_burton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Minie_ball_design_harpers_ferry_burton.jpg/240px-Minie_ball_design_harpers_ferry_burton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="338" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1855 Minié ball design from <a href="/wiki/Harpers_Ferry,_West_Virginia" title="Harpers Ferry, West Virginia">Harpers Ferry</a>, West Virginia</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Countersunk_ramrod.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="In the Minié rifle a countersunk ramrod was necessary to force the ball without damaging its shape"><img alt="In the Minié rifle a countersunk ramrod was necessary to force the ball without damaging its shape" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Countersunk_ramrod.jpg/120px-Countersunk_ramrod.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Countersunk_ramrod.jpg/180px-Countersunk_ramrod.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Countersunk_ramrod.jpg/240px-Countersunk_ramrod.jpg 2x" data-file-width="554" data-file-height="301" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">In the Minié rifle a countersunk <a href="/wiki/Ramrod" title="Ramrod">ramrod</a> was necessary to force the ball without damaging its shape</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wallen_wounded_by_Minie_ball.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The large, heavy bullet of the Minié rifle could cause devastating wounds"><img alt="The large, heavy bullet of the Minié rifle could cause devastating wounds" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Wallen_wounded_by_Minie_ball.jpg/120px-Wallen_wounded_by_Minie_ball.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Wallen_wounded_by_Minie_ball.jpg/180px-Wallen_wounded_by_Minie_ball.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Wallen_wounded_by_Minie_ball.jpg/240px-Wallen_wounded_by_Minie_ball.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="405" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The large, heavy bullet of the Minié rifle could cause devastating wounds</div> </li> </ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Carabine_%C3%A0_tige" title="Carabine à tige">Carabine à tige</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> French Army rifle </b><br />1848–1866 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Tabati%C3%A8re_rifle" title="Tabatière rifle">Tabatière rifle</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mini%C3%A9_rifle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_weapons_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="French weapons in the American Civil War">French weapons in the American Civil War</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mini%C3%A9_rifle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NJoFAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA117">Purchase of arms</a>, House Documents, 1861, P. 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ferguson105-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ferguson105_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Jonathan Ferguson (6 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=91Aqd9GXpA4"><i>"The hand of the destroying angel," Minié rifle with firearms and weaponry expert, Jonathan Ferguson</i></a>. Royal Armouries. Event occurs at 1:05-1:14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22The+hand+of+the+destroying+angel%2C%22+Mini%C3%A9+rifle+with+firearms+and+weaponry+expert%2C+Jonathan+Ferguson&rft.pub=Royal+Armouries&rft.date=2023-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D91Aqd9GXpA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMini%C3%A9+rifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ferguson320-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ferguson320_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Jonathan Ferguson (6 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=91Aqd9GXpA4"><i>"The hand of the destroying angel," Minié rifle with firearms and weaponry expert, Jonathan Ferguson</i></a>. Royal Armouries. Event occurs at 3:20-3:30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22The+hand+of+the+destroying+angel%2C%22+Mini%C3%A9+rifle+with+firearms+and+weaponry+expert%2C+Jonathan+Ferguson&rft.pub=Royal+Armouries&rft.date=2023-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D91Aqd9GXpA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMini%C3%A9+rifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ferguson419-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ferguson419_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Jonathan Ferguson (6 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=91Aqd9GXpA4"><i>"The hand of the destroying angel," Minié rifle with firearms and weaponry expert, Jonathan Ferguson</i></a>. Royal Armouries. Event occurs at 4:19-4:25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22The+hand+of+the+destroying+angel%2C%22+Mini%C3%A9+rifle+with+firearms+and+weaponry+expert%2C+Jonathan+Ferguson&rft.pub=Royal+Armouries&rft.date=2023-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D91Aqd9GXpA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMini%C3%A9+rifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ferguson944-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ferguson944_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ferguson944_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Jonathan Ferguson (6 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=91Aqd9GXpA4"><i>"The hand of the destroying angel," Minié rifle with firearms and weaponry expert, Jonathan Ferguson</i></a>. Royal Armouries. Event occurs at 9:44-10:02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22The+hand+of+the+destroying+angel%2C%22+Mini%C3%A9+rifle+with+firearms+and+weaponry+expert%2C+Jonathan+Ferguson&rft.pub=Royal+Armouries&rft.date=2023-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D91Aqd9GXpA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMini%C3%A9+rifle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li>Nosworthy, Brent, <i>The Bloody Crucible of Courage, Fighting Methods and Combat Experience of the Civil War</i>, Carroll and Graf Publishers, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7867-1147-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7867-1147-7">0-7867-1147-7</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civilwar.si.edu/weapons_minieball.html">Smithsonian article</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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weapons of the 19th century</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Small_arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Small arms">Small arms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henri-Gustave_Delvigne" title="Henri-Gustave Delvigne">Delvigne rifle (1826)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carabine_%C3%A0_tige" title="Carabine à tige">Thouvenin <i>Carabine à tige</i> (1846)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lefaucheux_M1858" title="Lefaucheux M1858">Lefaucheux M1858 revolver</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Minié rifle (1849)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabati%C3%A8re_rifle" title="Tabatière rifle">Tabatière rifle (1864)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chassepot" title="Chassepot">Chassepot rifle (1866)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusil_Gras_mle_1874" title="Fusil Gras mle 1874">Gras rifle (1874)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebel_Model_1886_rifle" title="Lebel Model 1886 rifle">Lebel rifle (1886)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le_1892_revolver" title="Modèle 1892 revolver">Modèle 1892 revolver</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitrailleuse_front.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reffye mitrailleuse"><img alt="Reffye mitrailleuse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mitrailleuse_front.jpg/50px-Mitrailleuse_front.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mitrailleuse_front.jpg/75px-Mitrailleuse_front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Mitrailleuse_front.jpg/100px-Mitrailleuse_front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mitrailleuse_Gatling_APX1895_Paris_FRA_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="APX 1895"><img alt="APX 1895" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mitrailleuse_Gatling_APX1895_Paris_FRA_001.jpg/50px-Mitrailleuse_Gatling_APX1895_Paris_FRA_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mitrailleuse_Gatling_APX1895_Paris_FRA_001.jpg/75px-Mitrailleuse_Gatling_APX1895_Paris_FRA_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mitrailleuse_Gatling_APX1895_Paris_FRA_001.jpg/100px-Mitrailleuse_Gatling_APX1895_Paris_FRA_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2311" data-file-height="3471" /></a></span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:90mm_De_Bange_in_1898.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="De Bange 90 mm"><img alt="De Bange 90 mm" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/90mm_De_Bange_in_1898.jpg/50px-90mm_De_Bange_in_1898.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/90mm_De_Bange_in_1898.jpg/75px-90mm_De_Bange_in_1898.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/90mm_De_Bange_in_1898.jpg/100px-90mm_De_Bange_in_1898.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2997" data-file-height="2072" /></a></span></li> <li><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canon_de_75_Mod%C3%A8le_1897,_MDLA.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Canon de 75"><img alt="Canon de 75" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Canon_de_75_Mod%C3%A8le_1897%2C_MDLA.jpg/50px-Canon_de_75_Mod%C3%A8le_1897%2C_MDLA.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Canon_de_75_Mod%C3%A8le_1897%2C_MDLA.jpg/75px-Canon_de_75_Mod%C3%A8le_1897%2C_MDLA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Canon_de_75_Mod%C3%A8le_1897%2C_MDLA.jpg/100px-Canon_de_75_Mod%C3%A8le_1897%2C_MDLA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2141" data-file-height="1411" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">Machine guns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitrailleuse" title="Mitrailleuse">Reffye mitrailleuse (1866)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_gun" title="Hotchkiss gun">Hotchkiss "Canon-Revolver" (1872)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatling_gun" title="Gatling gun">Mitrailleuse Gatling modèle APX 1895 (1895)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotchkiss_M1914_machine_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotchkiss M1914 machine gun">Mle 1897 Hotchkiss Machine gun (1897)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">Cannons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Year_XI_system" title="Year XI system">Year XI system (1803)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paixhans_gun" title="Paixhans gun">Paixhans gun (1823)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9e_system" title="Valée system">Valée system (1828)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_obusier_de_12" title="Canon obusier de 12">Canon obusier de 12 (1853)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Hitte_system" title="La Hitte system">La Hitte system (1858)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reffye_85_mm_cannon" title="Reffye 85 mm cannon">Reffye 85 mm (1870)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reffye_75_mm_cannon" title="Reffye 75 mm cannon">Reffye 75 mm (1873)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lahitolle_95_mm_cannon" title="Lahitolle 95 mm cannon">Lahitolle 95 mm (1873)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Bange_80_mm_cannon" title="De Bange 80 mm cannon">de Bange 80 mm (1877)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Bange_90_mm_cannon" title="De Bange 90 mm cannon">de Bange 90 mm (1877)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canet_guns" class="mw-redirect" title="Canet guns">Canet 320 mm (1880)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canon_de_75_mod%C3%A8le_1897" title="Canon de 75 modèle 1897">Canon de 75 (1897)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Warship" title="Warship">Warships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_ship_Napol%C3%A9on_(1850)" title="French ship Napoléon (1850)">Steam battleship <i>Napoléon</i> (1850)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_ironclad_Lave" class="mw-redirect" title="French ironclad Lave">Ironclad floating battery <i>Lave</i> (1854)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_ironclad_Gloire" title="French ironclad Gloire">Ironclad <i>Gloire</i> (1858)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_submarine_Plongeur" title="French submarine Plongeur">Mechanical powered submarine <i>Plongeur</i> (1863)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_ironclad_Redoutable" title="French ironclad Redoutable">Steel battleship <i>Redoutable</i> (1876)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_cruiser_Dupuy_de_L%C3%B4me" title="French cruiser Dupuy de Lôme">Armoured cruiser <i>Dupuy de Lôme</i> (1890)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_submarine_Gymnote_(Q1)" title="French submarine Gymnote (Q1)">Electrical submarine <i>Gymnote</i> (1888)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Ammunition" title="Ammunition">Ammunition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lepage" title="Jean Lepage">Lepage fulminate (1807–10)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Pr%C3%A9lat" title="François Prélat">Pauly-Prélat integrated cartridge (1808)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Pr%C3%A9lat" title="François Prélat">Prélat percussion cap (1818)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casimir_Lefaucheux" title="Casimir Lefaucheux">Lefaucheux cartridge (1836)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamisier" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamisier">Tamisier ball (1841)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini%C3%A9_ball" title="Minié ball">Minié ball (1847)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8mm_Lebel" class="mw-redirect" title="8mm Lebel">8 mm Lebel smokeless powder cartridge (1886)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Lepage" title="Jean Lepage">Lepage percussion system (1807)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolyte_Mari%C3%A9-Davy" title="Hippolyte Marié-Davy">Marié-Davy naval periscope (1854)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Ragon_de_Bange" title="Charles Ragon de Bange">De Bange breech obturator (1872)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_du_Temple_de_la_Croix" title="Félix du Temple de la Croix">Du Temple high-circulation steam engine (1876)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Constantin_Krebs" title="Arthur Constantin Krebs">Krebs naval electric gyrocompass (1880)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poudre_B" title="Poudre B">Smokeless powder Poudre B (1886)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Operational<br />usage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Thousand_Sons_of_Saint_Louis" title="Hundred Thousand Sons of Saint Louis">French Intervention in Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_conquest_of_Algeria" title="French conquest of Algeria">French conquest of Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Italian_War_of_Independence" title="Second Italian War of Independence">Second Italian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_French_intervention_in_Mexico" title="Second French intervention in Mexico">French Intervention in Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_weapons_in_the_American_Civil_War" title="French weapons in the American Civil War">French weapons in the American Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonkin_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonkin Campaign">Tonkin Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-French_War" title="Sino-French War">Sino-French War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minié_rifle&oldid=1218181080">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Minié_rifle&oldid=1218181080</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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