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<span>Prelude</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prelude-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events_of_27_January" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events_of_27_January"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Events of 27 January</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Events_of_27_January-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Events of 27 January subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Events_of_27_January-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Toba_encounter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toba_encounter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Toba encounter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toba_encounter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fushimi_encounter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fushimi_encounter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Fushimi encounter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fushimi_encounter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events_of_28_January" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events_of_28_January"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Events of 28 January</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Events_of_28_January-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Events of 28 January subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Events_of_28_January-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Takasegawa_encounter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Takasegawa_encounter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Takasegawa encounter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Takasegawa_encounter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events_of_29_January" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events_of_29_January"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Events of 29 January</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Events_of_29_January-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Events of 29 January subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Events_of_29_January-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tominomori_encounter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tominomori_encounter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Tominomori encounter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tominomori_encounter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events_of_30_January" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events_of_30_January"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Events of 30 January</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events_of_30_January-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Explanatory notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>General and cited references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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Toba–Fushimi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%E2%80%93%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%A4%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%88" title="توبا–فوشیمی دؤیوشو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="توبا–فوشیمی دؤیوشو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Toba-Fushimi" title="Batalla de Toba-Fushimi – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Batalla de Toba-Fushimi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitva_u_Toby_a_Fu%C5%A1imi" title="Bitva u Toby a Fušimi – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bitva u Toby a Fušimi" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_von_Toba-Fushimi" title="Schlacht von Toba-Fushimi – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlacht von Toba-Fushimi" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Toba-Fushimi" title="Batalla de Toba-Fushimi – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Toba-Fushimi" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7-%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C" title="نبرد توبا-فوشیمی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نبرد توبا-فوشیمی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Toba-Fushimi" title="Bataille de Toba-Fushimi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille de Toba-Fushimi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EB%B0%94%C2%B7%ED%9B%84%EC%8B%9C%EB%AF%B8_%EC%A0%84%ED%88%AC" title="도바·후시미 전투 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도바·후시미 전투" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Toba-Fushimi" title="Pertempuran Toba-Fushimi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pertempuran Toba-Fushimi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_di_Toba-Fushimi" title="Battaglia di Toba-Fushimi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia di Toba-Fushimi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E7%BE%BD%E3%83%BB%E4%BC%8F%E8%A6%8B%E3%81%AE%E6%88%A6%E3%81%84" title="鳥羽・伏見の戦い – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="鳥羽・伏見の戦い" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_de_Toba-Fushimi" title="Batalha de Toba-Fushimi – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Batalha de Toba-Fushimi" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Toba-Fushimi" title="Bitwa pod Toba-Fushimi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa pod Toba-Fushimi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalha_de_Toba-Fushimi" title="Batalha de Toba-Fushimi – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Batalha de Toba-Fushimi" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0_%E2%80%94_%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Битва при Тоба — Фусими – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Битва при Тоба — Фусими" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B0%E2%80%93%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4" title="ยุทธการโทบะ–ฟูชิมิ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยุทธการโทบะ–ฟูชิมิ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toba-Fushimi_Muharebesi" title="Toba-Fushimi Muharebesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Toba-Fushimi Muharebesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0-%D0%A4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96" title="Битва при Тоба-Фусімі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Битва при Тоба-Фусімі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%E1%BA%ADn_Toba-Fushimi" title="Trận Toba-Fushimi – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trận Toba-Fushimi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E7%BE%BD%E4%BC%8F%E8%A6%8B%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" title="鳥羽伏見之戰 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鳥羽伏見之戰" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B8%9F%E7%BE%BD%E4%BC%8F%E8%A7%81%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="鸟羽伏见之战 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鸟羽伏见之战" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1193959#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi&params=35_0_42_N_135_46_5_E_type:event_region:JP-26"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°0′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">135°46′5″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.01167°N 135.76806°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.01167; 135.76806</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1868 battle of the Boshin War in Fushimi, Kyoto, Japan</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Battle+of+Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi%22">"Battle of Toba–Fushimi"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Battle+of+Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Battle+of+Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Battle+of+Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Battle+of+Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Battle+of+Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Toba–Fushimi</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">Boshin War</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle-of-Toba-Fushimi-Government-Victory-Shokosai-Kunihiro-1868.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Battle-of-Toba-Fushimi-Government-Victory-Shokosai-Kunihiro-1868.png/300px-Battle-of-Toba-Fushimi-Government-Victory-Shokosai-Kunihiro-1868.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Battle-of-Toba-Fushimi-Government-Victory-Shokosai-Kunihiro-1868.png/450px-Battle-of-Toba-Fushimi-Government-Victory-Shokosai-Kunihiro-1868.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Battle-of-Toba-Fushimi-Government-Victory-Shokosai-Kunihiro-1868.png/600px-Battle-of-Toba-Fushimi-Government-Victory-Shokosai-Kunihiro-1868.png 2x" data-file-width="8118" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span><br />Retreat of Shogunal forces in front of the Imperial army. <a href="/wiki/Yodo_Domain" title="Yodo Domain">Yodo Castle</a> is shown in the background.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>27–31 January 1868</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Area between <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a></div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi&params=35_0_42_N_135_46_5_E_type:event_region:JP-26"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°0′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">135°46′5″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.01167°N 135.76806°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.01167; 135.76806</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Imperial victory</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <style 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Domain</a></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tokugawa_family_crest.svg/15px-Tokugawa_family_crest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tokugawa_family_crest.svg/23px-Tokugawa_family_crest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tokugawa_family_crest.svg/30px-Tokugawa_family_crest.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="405" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Aizu_domain.svg/12px-Flag_of_Aizu_domain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Aizu_domain.svg/18px-Flag_of_Aizu_domain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Aizu_domain.svg/24px-Flag_of_Aizu_domain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aizu" title="Aizu">Aizu Domain</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mitsubaaoi.jpg/15px-Mitsubaaoi.jpg" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mitsubaaoi.jpg/23px-Mitsubaaoi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Mitsubaaoi.jpg/30px-Mitsubaaoi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="507" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Takamatsu_Domain" title="Takamatsu Domain">Takamatsu Domain</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Kawari_Mitsu-ogi.jpg/15px-Kawari_Mitsu-ogi.jpg" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Kawari_Mitsu-ogi.jpg/23px-Kawari_Mitsu-ogi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Kawari_Mitsu-ogi.jpg/30px-Kawari_Mitsu-ogi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="248" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctaki_Domain" title="Ōtaki Domain">Ōtaki Domain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><b>Chief of General Staff:</b></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Japan_Kouzoku_Flag_16ben.svg/23px-Japan_Kouzoku_Flag_16ben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Japan_Kouzoku_Flag_16ben.svg/35px-Japan_Kouzoku_Flag_16ben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Japan_Kouzoku_Flag_16ben.svg/45px-Japan_Kouzoku_Flag_16ben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Prince_Komatsu_Akihito" title="Prince Komatsu Akihito">Prince Ninnaji</a></li> <li><b>Satchōdo Army:</b></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg/12px-Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg/18px-Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg/24px-Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saig%C5%8D_Takamori" title="Saigō Takamori">Saigō Takamori</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg/12px-Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg/18px-Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg/24px-Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kirino_Toshiaki" title="Kirino Toshiaki">Kirino Toshiaki</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg/12px-Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg/18px-Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg/24px-Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ijichi_Masaharu" title="Ijichi Masaharu">Ijichi Masaharu</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg/12px-Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg/18px-Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg/24px-Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Murata_Tsuneyoshi" title="Murata Tsuneyoshi">Murata Tsuneyoshi</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_Tosa_domain.svg/12px-Flag_of_Tosa_domain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_Tosa_domain.svg/18px-Flag_of_Tosa_domain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_Tosa_domain.svg/24px-Flag_of_Tosa_domain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yamaji_Motoharu" title="Yamaji Motoharu">Yamaji Motoharu</a></li></ul> </div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><b>Governor-General:</b></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Kawari_Mitsu-ogi.jpg/15px-Kawari_Mitsu-ogi.jpg" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Kawari_Mitsu-ogi.jpg/23px-Kawari_Mitsu-ogi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Kawari_Mitsu-ogi.jpg/30px-Kawari_Mitsu-ogi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="248" data-file-height="248" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ck%C5%8Dchi_Masatada" title="Ōkōchi Masatada">Ōkōchi Masatada</a></li> <li><b>Shogunate Army:</b></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tokugawa_family_crest.svg/15px-Tokugawa_family_crest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tokugawa_family_crest.svg/23px-Tokugawa_family_crest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tokugawa_family_crest.svg/30px-Tokugawa_family_crest.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="405" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Takenaka_Shigekata" title="Takenaka Shigekata">Takenaka Shigekata</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tokugawa_family_crest.svg/15px-Tokugawa_family_crest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tokugawa_family_crest.svg/23px-Tokugawa_family_crest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tokugawa_family_crest.svg/30px-Tokugawa_family_crest.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="405" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Matsudaira_Sadaaki" title="Matsudaira Sadaaki">Matsudaira Sadaaki</a></li> <li><b>Shinsengumi:</b></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Shinsengumi.svg/11px-Flag_of_Shinsengumi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Shinsengumi.svg/17px-Flag_of_Shinsengumi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Shinsengumi.svg/22px-Flag_of_Shinsengumi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="775" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Hijikata_Toshiz%C5%8D" title="Hijikata Toshizō">Hijikata Toshizō</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Shinsengumi.svg/11px-Flag_of_Shinsengumi.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Shinsengumi.svg/17px-Flag_of_Shinsengumi.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Flag_of_Shinsengumi.svg/22px-Flag_of_Shinsengumi.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="775" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nagakura_Shinpachi" title="Nagakura Shinpachi">Nagakura Shinpachi</a></li> <li><b>Yūgekitai:</b></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tokugawa_family_crest.svg/15px-Tokugawa_family_crest.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tokugawa_family_crest.svg/23px-Tokugawa_family_crest.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tokugawa_family_crest.svg/30px-Tokugawa_family_crest.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="405" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Takahashi_Deish%C5%AB" title="Takahashi Deishū">Takahashi Deishū</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 5,000</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 15,000</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 326 killed and wounded<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980429_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETotman1980429-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 895 killed and wounded<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980429_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETotman1980429-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Boshin_War" title="Template:Campaignbox Boshin War"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Boshin_War" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Boshin War"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Boshin_War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Boshin War"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Boshin_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">Boshin War</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Toba–Fushimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Awa" title="Battle of Awa">Awa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Osaka_Castle" title="Fall of Osaka Castle">Osaka Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_K%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB-Katsunuma" title="Battle of Kōshū-Katsunuma">Kōshū-Katsunuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Utsunomiya_Castle" title="Battle of Utsunomiya Castle">Utsunomiya Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Edo" title="Fall of Edo">Edo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ueno" title="Battle of Ueno">Ueno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hokuetsu" title="Battle of Hokuetsu">Hokuetsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hatch%C5%8Doki" title="Battle of Hatchōoki">Hatchōoki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bonari_Pass" title="Battle of Bonari Pass">Bonari Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aizu" title="Battle of Aizu">Aizu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Noheji" title="Battle of Noheji">Noheji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Miyako_Bay" title="Battle of Miyako Bay">Miyako Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hakodate" title="Battle of Hakodate">Hakodate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Battle_of_Hakodate" title="Naval Battle of Hakodate">Hakodate Bay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monument_of_Meijiishin_Fushimi_no_senseki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Monument_of_Meijiishin_Fushimi_no_senseki.jpg/220px-Monument_of_Meijiishin_Fushimi_no_senseki.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Monument_of_Meijiishin_Fushimi_no_senseki.jpg/330px-Monument_of_Meijiishin_Fushimi_no_senseki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Monument_of_Meijiishin_Fushimi_no_senseki.jpg/440px-Monument_of_Meijiishin_Fushimi_no_senseki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="3780" /></a><figcaption>Monument of The Battle of Toba–Fushimi</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Battle of Toba–Fushimi</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">鳥羽・伏見の戦い</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Toba-Fushimi no Tatakai</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span> occurred between pro-Imperial and <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a> forces during the <a href="/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">Boshin War</a> in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan#Early_modern_Japan" title="History of Japan">Japan</a>. The battle started on 27 January 1868 (or fourth year of <a href="/wiki/Kei%C5%8D" title="Keiō">Keiō</a>, first month, 3rd day, according to the lunar calendar), when the forces of the shogunate and the allied forces of <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB_Domain" title="Chōshū Domain">Chōshū</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satsuma_Domain" title="Satsuma Domain">Satsuma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tosa_Domain" title="Tosa Domain">Tosa Domains</a> clashed near <a href="/wiki/Fushimi,_Kyoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Fushimi, Kyoto">Fushimi, Kyoto</a>. The battle lasted for four days, ending in a decisive defeat for the shogunate. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 4 January 1868, the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">restoration of imperial rule</a> was formally proclaimed. <i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgun" class="mw-redirect" title="Shōgun">Shōgun</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Yoshinobu" title="Tokugawa Yoshinobu">Tokugawa Yoshinobu</a> had earlier resigned his authority to the emperor, agreeing to "be the instrument for carrying out" imperial orders.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESatow1968282_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESatow1968282-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a> had ended.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeene2002116_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeene2002116-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (October 2024)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However, while Yoshinobu's resignation created a nominal void at the highest level of government, his apparatus of state continued to exist. Moreover, the Tokugawa family remained a prominent force in the evolving political order,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeene2002120–1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeene2002120–1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a prospect hard-liners from Satsuma and Chōshū found intolerable.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESatow1968286_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESatow1968286-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the majority of fifteen-year-old <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji">Emperor Meiji</a>'s consultative assembly was happy with the formal declaration of direct rule by the court and tended to support a continued collaboration with the Tokugawa, <a href="/wiki/Saig%C5%8D_Takamori" title="Saigō Takamori">Saigō Takamori</a> physically threatened members of the assembly into ordering the confiscation of Yoshinobu's lands.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although he initially agreed to the court's demands, on 17 January 1868, Yoshinobu declared "that he would not be bound by the proclamation of the restoration and called on the court to rescind it."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeene2002124_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeene2002124-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 24 January, after considerable provocation by Satsuma's <i><a href="/wiki/R%C5%8Dnin" title="Rōnin">rōnin</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Edo" title="Edo">Edo</a>, Yoshinobu, from his base at <a href="/wiki/Osaka_Castle" title="Osaka Castle">Osaka Castle</a> decided to prepare an attack on <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dto" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyōto">Kyōto</a>, ostensibly to dislodge the Satsuma and Chōshū elements dominating the court and "freeing" young Emperor Meiji from their influence.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prelude">Prelude</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Prelude"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The battle started when shogunate forces moved in the direction of <a href="/wiki/Kyoto" title="Kyoto">Kyoto</a> to deliver a letter from Yoshinobu, warning the Emperor of the intrigues plotted by Satsuma and the court nobles who supported it, such as <a href="/wiki/Iwakura_Tomomi" title="Iwakura Tomomi">Iwakura Tomomi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 15,000-strong shogunal army outnumbered the Satsuma–Chōshū army by three to one, and consisted mostly of men from the <a href="/wiki/Kuwana_Domain" title="Kuwana Domain">Kuwana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aizu" title="Aizu">Aizu Domains</a>, reinforced by <i><a href="/wiki/Shinsengumi" title="Shinsengumi">Shinsengumi</a></i> irregulars. Although some of its members were mercenaries, others, such as the <i><a href="/wiki/Densh%C5%ABtai" title="Denshūtai">Denshūtai</a></i>, had received training from French military advisers. Some of the men deployed in the front lines were armed in archaic fashion, with <a href="/wiki/Naginata" title="Naginata">pikes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_sword" title="Japanese sword">swords</a>. For example, the troops of Aizu had a combination of modern soldiers and samurai, as did the troops of Satsuma to a lesser degree. The Bakufu had almost fully equipped troops and Chōshū troops were the most modern and organized of all.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980435_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETotman1980435-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to historian Conrad Totman: "In terms of army organization and weaponry, the four main protagonists probably rank in this order: Chōshū was best; <a href="/wiki/Bakufu" class="mw-redirect" title="Bakufu">Bakufu</a> infantry was next; Satsuma was next; and Aizu and most liege vassal forces were last."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980435_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETotman1980435-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was no clearly defined intent to fight on the part of the shogunate troops, attested by the many empty rifles of the men in the vanguard. Motivation and leadership on the part of the shogunate also seems to have been lacking.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980434–435_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETotman1980434–435-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the forces of Chōshū and Satsuma were outnumbered, they were fully modernized with <a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Whitworth" title="Armstrong Whitworth">Armstrong</a> <a href="/wiki/Howitzer" title="Howitzer">howitzers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mini%C3%A9_rifle" title="Minié rifle">Minié rifles</a> and one <a href="/wiki/Gatling_gun" title="Gatling gun">Gatling gun</a>. The shogunate forces had been slightly lagging in term of equipment, although a core elite force had been recently trained by the <a href="/wiki/French_military_mission_to_Japan_(1867%E2%80%9368)" class="mw-redirect" title="French military mission to Japan (1867–68)">French military mission to Japan (1867–68)</a>. The Shogun also relied on troops supplied by allied domains, which were not necessarily as advanced in terms of military equipment and methods, making up an army that had both modern and outdated elements.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>, generally supportive of Satsuma and Chōshū, maintained a fleet lying at anchor in Osaka harbour, a factor of uncertainty which led to the shogunate maintaining the garrison at Osaka with a significant part of its army in reserve rather than commit them to the offensive in Kyōto.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980431_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETotman1980431-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This foreign naval presence was related to the protection orders for the foreign settlements at <a href="/wiki/Hy%C5%8Dgo" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyōgo">Hyōgo</a> (modern <a href="/wiki/Kobe" title="Kobe">Kobe</a>), and the very recent opening of the ports of Hyōgo and <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Csaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Ōsaka">Ōsaka</a> by decree to foreign trade three weeks earlier on 1 January 1868.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tokugawa Yoshinobu was in bed with a severe chill, and could not participate directly in the operations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980431_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETotman1980431-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SaigoFushimi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saigō Takamori (with tall helmet) inspecting Chōshū troops at Fushimi"><img alt="Saigō Takamori (with tall helmet) inspecting Chōshū troops at Fushimi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/SaigoFushimi.jpg/200px-SaigoFushimi.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/SaigoFushimi.jpg/300px-SaigoFushimi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/SaigoFushimi.jpg/400px-SaigoFushimi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="886" data-file-height="232" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Saig%C5%8D_Takamori" title="Saigō Takamori">Saigō Takamori</a> (with tall helmet) inspecting <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB_Domain" title="Chōshū Domain">Chōshū</a> troops at Fushimi</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aizu_men_disembarking_at_Fushimi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aizu troops disembarking at Fushimi: a combination of old-fashioned samurai with pikes (left), and modern troops with firearms (appearing on the right)"><img alt="Aizu troops disembarking at Fushimi: a combination of old-fashioned samurai with pikes (left), and modern troops with firearms (appearing on the right)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Aizu_men_disembarking_at_Fushimi.jpg/200px-Aizu_men_disembarking_at_Fushimi.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Aizu_men_disembarking_at_Fushimi.jpg/300px-Aizu_men_disembarking_at_Fushimi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Aizu_men_disembarking_at_Fushimi.jpg/400px-Aizu_men_disembarking_at_Fushimi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2731" data-file-height="1649" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Aizu" title="Aizu">Aizu</a> troops disembarking at Fushimi: a combination of old-fashioned samurai with pikes (left), and modern troops with firearms (appearing on the right)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tokugawa_Shogunate_Soldiers_Boshin_War_c1867.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Shogunate soldiers; the soldier in front is wearing a Western-style uniform."><img alt="Shogunate soldiers; the soldier in front is wearing a Western-style uniform." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Tokugawa_Shogunate_Soldiers_Boshin_War_c1867.png/200px-Tokugawa_Shogunate_Soldiers_Boshin_War_c1867.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Tokugawa_Shogunate_Soldiers_Boshin_War_c1867.png/300px-Tokugawa_Shogunate_Soldiers_Boshin_War_c1867.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Tokugawa_Shogunate_Soldiers_Boshin_War_c1867.png/400px-Tokugawa_Shogunate_Soldiers_Boshin_War_c1867.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="937" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shogunate soldiers; the soldier in front is wearing a Western-style uniform.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bakufu_French_style_cavalry.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="French-trained Denshūtai troops"><img alt="French-trained Denshūtai troops" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Bakufu_French_style_cavalry.jpg/200px-Bakufu_French_style_cavalry.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Bakufu_French_style_cavalry.jpg/300px-Bakufu_French_style_cavalry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Bakufu_French_style_cavalry.jpg/400px-Bakufu_French_style_cavalry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">French-trained <i><a href="/wiki/Densh%C5%ABtai" title="Denshūtai">Denshūtai</a></i> troops</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:TobaEncounter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Battle of Toba–Fushimi"><img alt="Battle of Toba–Fushimi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/TobaEncounter.jpg/200px-TobaEncounter.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/TobaEncounter.jpg/300px-TobaEncounter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/TobaEncounter.jpg/400px-TobaEncounter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2948" data-file-height="777" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Battle of Toba–Fushimi</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events_of_27_January">Events of 27 January</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Events of 27 January"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 27 January 1868<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tokugawa Yoshinobu, based at <a href="/wiki/Osaka_Castle" title="Osaka Castle">Osaka Castle</a>, south of Kyoto, started to move his troops north to Kyoto, through two main roads, one being the Toba road (鳥羽街道), and the other the Fushimi road (伏見街道). Altogether about 13,000 troops were moving forward, although they were widely spread out, leaving about 8,500 for the action at Toba–Fushimi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980420_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETotman1980420-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The overall commander (<i>rikugun bugyō</i>) of the operation was <a href="/wiki/Takenaka_Shigekata" title="Takenaka Shigekata">Takenaka Shigekata</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980422_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETotman1980422-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toba_encounter">Toba encounter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Toba encounter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The shogunate forces move in the direction of Toba under the command of Vice-Commander <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%8Ckubo_Tadayuki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ōkubo Tadayuki (page does not exist)">Ōkubo Tadayuki</a>, making a total of 2,000 to 2,500 troops.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980422_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETotman1980422-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At around 17:00, the shogunate vanguard, made up largely of about 400 men of the <i><a href="/wiki/Mimawarigumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mimawarigumi">Mimawarigumi</a></i>, armed with pikes and some firearms, under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sasaki_Tadasaburo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sasaki Tadasaburo (page does not exist)">Sasaki Tadasaburo</a>, approached a Satsuma-manned barrier post at the Koeda Bridge (小枝橋), Toba (located in what is now part of <a href="/wiki/Minami-ku,_Kyoto" title="Minami-ku, Kyoto">Minami-ku, Kyoto</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980422_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETotman1980422-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were followed by two infantry battalions (歩兵), rifles empty as they did not expect a fight, under Tokuyama Kōtarō, and further south by eight companies from <a href="/wiki/Kuwana_Domain" title="Kuwana Domain">Kuwana</a> with four cannons. Some <a href="/wiki/Matsuyama_Domain" class="mw-redirect" title="Matsuyama Domain">Matsuyama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Takamatsu_Domain" title="Takamatsu Domain">Takamatsu</a> troops and a few others were also participating, but Bakufu cavalry and artillery seem to have been absent.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980422_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETotman1980422-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In front of them were about 900 entrenched troops from Satsuma, with four cannons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980422_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETotman1980422-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After denying the shogunate force permission to pass peacefully, the Satsuma force opened fire from the flank, the first shots of the <a href="/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">Boshin War</a>. A Satsuma shell exploded on a gun carriage next to the horse of shogunal commander <a href="/w/index.php?title=Takigawa_Tomotaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Takigawa Tomotaka (page does not exist)">Takigawa Tomotaka</a>, causing the horse to throw Takigawa and bolt. The startled horse ran wild, throwing the shogunate column into panic and disarray.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeene2002126_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeene2002126-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Satsuma attack was forceful and quickly sent the shogunate troops in disarray and retreat.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980422_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETotman1980422-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sasaki ordered his men to charge the Satsuma gunners, but since the Mimawarigumi was armed only with spears and swords, his men were killed en masse.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the Kuwana forces and a unit under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kubota_Shigeaki&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kubota Shigeaki (page does not exist)">Kubota Shigeaki</a> held their ground, making the skirmish rage on inconclusively.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Shogunate troops set fire to various houses as they retreated, but that allowed Satsuma snipers to aim more easily. The situation stabilized during the night, as troops from Kuwana arrived in reinforcement.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980422_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETotman1980422-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Toba battlefield has been transformed into a public park, <i>Tobarikyūato-kōen</i> (鳥羽離宮跡公園), which contains a monument to the battle. It is located just between the Koeda Bridge, where the Satsuma forces were stationed, and the <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C5%8Dnang%C5%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jōnangū (page does not exist)">Jōnangū</a> Temple (城南宮), where the Imperial forces had their headquarters. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Toba_Fushimi_battle_monument_in_Tobarikyusekikooen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The monument at Koedabashi (小枝橋) in Tobarikyuato park (鳥羽離宮跡公園), Kyoto, where the Toba–Fushimi battle started."><img alt="The monument at Koedabashi (小枝橋) in Tobarikyuato park (鳥羽離宮跡公園), Kyoto, where the Toba–Fushimi battle started." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Toba_Fushimi_battle_monument_in_Tobarikyusekikooen.jpg/200px-Toba_Fushimi_battle_monument_in_Tobarikyusekikooen.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Toba_Fushimi_battle_monument_in_Tobarikyusekikooen.jpg/300px-Toba_Fushimi_battle_monument_in_Tobarikyusekikooen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Toba_Fushimi_battle_monument_in_Tobarikyusekikooen.jpg/400px-Toba_Fushimi_battle_monument_in_Tobarikyusekikooen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2905" data-file-height="1965" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The monument at Koedabashi (小枝橋) in Tobarikyuato park (鳥羽離宮跡公園), Kyoto, where the Toba–Fushimi battle started.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Toba_Fushimi_battle_monument_in_Tobarikyusekikooen_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of the initial encounters, on the first day of the battle, 27 January (detail of the monument)."><img alt="Map of the initial encounters, on the first day of the battle, 27 January (detail of the monument)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Toba_Fushimi_battle_monument_in_Tobarikyusekikooen_detail.jpg/155px-Toba_Fushimi_battle_monument_in_Tobarikyusekikooen_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Toba_Fushimi_battle_monument_in_Tobarikyusekikooen_detail.jpg/232px-Toba_Fushimi_battle_monument_in_Tobarikyusekikooen_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Toba_Fushimi_battle_monument_in_Tobarikyusekikooen_detail.jpg/309px-Toba_Fushimi_battle_monument_in_Tobarikyusekikooen_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1841" data-file-height="2381" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Map of the initial encounters, on the first day of the battle, 27 January (detail of the monument).</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Koedabashi_bridge_Toba_Fushimi_1867.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Old Koeda Bridge in 1867, where the battle at Toba began"><img alt="Old Koeda Bridge in 1867, where the battle at Toba began" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Koedabashi_bridge_Toba_Fushimi_1867.jpg/200px-Koedabashi_bridge_Toba_Fushimi_1867.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Koedabashi_bridge_Toba_Fushimi_1867.jpg/300px-Koedabashi_bridge_Toba_Fushimi_1867.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Koedabashi_bridge_Toba_Fushimi_1867.jpg/400px-Koedabashi_bridge_Toba_Fushimi_1867.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2827" data-file-height="1717" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Old Koeda Bridge in 1867, where the battle at Toba began</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_of_the_Toba_encounter.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of the Toba battlefield today (鳥羽離宮跡公園)"><img alt="Location of the Toba battlefield today (鳥羽離宮跡公園)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Location_of_the_Toba_encounter.JPG/200px-Location_of_the_Toba_encounter.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Location_of_the_Toba_encounter.JPG/300px-Location_of_the_Toba_encounter.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Location_of_the_Toba_encounter.JPG/400px-Location_of_the_Toba_encounter.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Location of the Toba battlefield today (鳥羽離宮跡公園)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fushimi_encounter">Fushimi encounter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fushimi encounter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Encounter_at_Fujimi_Toyogobashi_bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Encounter_at_Fujimi_Toyogobashi_bridge.jpg/220px-Encounter_at_Fujimi_Toyogobashi_bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Encounter_at_Fujimi_Toyogobashi_bridge.jpg/330px-Encounter_at_Fujimi_Toyogobashi_bridge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Encounter_at_Fujimi_Toyogobashi_bridge.jpg/440px-Encounter_at_Fujimi_Toyogobashi_bridge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3054" data-file-height="1237" /></a><figcaption>Fushimi encounter at Bungobashi Bridge (豊後橋). Imperial troops are on the right, Shogunal troops on the left.</figcaption></figure> <p>On the same day, Satsuma–Chōshū forces further to the southeast at Fushimi also inconclusively engaged Shogunal forces in their area.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Satsuma–Chōshū forces started firing on the Shogunal forces when they heard the firing of cannons from the area of Toba. The Shogunal forces were composed of Bakufu troops, <a href="/wiki/Shinsengumi" title="Shinsengumi">Shinsengumi</a> and Aizu troops. </p><p>A violent encounter took place for the control of Bungo Bridge (豊後橋). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events_of_28_January">Events of 28 January</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Events of 28 January"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toba_Fushimi_Imperial_banner_color.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Toba_Fushimi_Imperial_banner_color.jpg/110px-Toba_Fushimi_Imperial_banner_color.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Toba_Fushimi_Imperial_banner_color.jpg/165px-Toba_Fushimi_Imperial_banner_color.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Toba_Fushimi_Imperial_banner_color.jpg/220px-Toba_Fushimi_Imperial_banner_color.jpg 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="922" /></a><figcaption>Imperial banner deployed at Toba–Fushimi</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Komatunomiya_Akihito_Shinnou.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Komatunomiya_Akihito_Shinnou.jpg/220px-Komatunomiya_Akihito_Shinnou.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Komatunomiya_Akihito_Shinnou.jpg/330px-Komatunomiya_Akihito_Shinnou.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Komatunomiya_Akihito_Shinnou.jpg/440px-Komatunomiya_Akihito_Shinnou.jpg 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption>Imperial <a href="/wiki/Prince_Komatsu_Akihito" title="Prince Komatsu Akihito">Prince Yoshiaki</a> was named nominal <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the army.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 28 January, <a href="/wiki/Iwakura_Tomomi" title="Iwakura Tomomi">Iwakura Tomomi</a> gave Saigō Takamori and <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ckubo_Toshimichi" title="Ōkubo Toshimichi">Ōkubo Toshimichi</a> orders obtained from Emperor Meiji proclaiming <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Yoshinobu" title="Tokugawa Yoshinobu">Tokugawa Yoshinobu</a> and his followers to be enemies of the court, authorizing their suppression by military force, and granting use of the Imperial brocade banners.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These brocade banners were prepared beforehand, having been made by Ōkubo Toshimichi a few months previously, and stored in Chōshū domain and in the Satsuma Kyoto residence until an appropriate opportunity presented itself.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, Imperial <a href="/wiki/Prince_Komatsu_Akihito" title="Prince Komatsu Akihito">Prince Yoshiaki</a>, a young man of 22, who had lived as a Buddhist monk at the <i><a href="/wiki/Monzeki" title="Monzeki">monzeki</a></i> temple of <a href="/wiki/Ninna-ji" title="Ninna-ji">Ninna-ji</a> was named nominal commander in chief of the army. Although the Prince had no military experience, this nomination effectively transformed the <a href="/wiki/Satsuma-Ch%C5%8Dsh%C5%AB_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Satsuma-Chōshū Alliance">Satsuma-Chōshū Alliance</a> forces into an Imperial army (<i>kangun</i>), which proved to be a powerful tool of <a href="/wiki/Psychological_warfare" title="Psychological warfare">psychological warfare</a>, sending shogunal forces into confusion and disarray, since anyone who fired on the army would automatically become a traitor to the emperor.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Bakufu forces that had been to Toba retreated and regrouped with other Bakufu troops at Tominomori (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">富の森</span></span>), where they set up their command base.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Awa" title="Battle of Awa">Battle of Awa</a> took place that same day on the nearby <a href="/wiki/Seto_Inland_Sea" title="Seto Inland Sea">Inland Sea</a>. It was the first naval battle between modern fleets in Japan, and ended with a small shogunal victory over a Satsuma fleet, but was insignificant to the unfolding of the land battle.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Takasegawa_encounter">Takasegawa encounter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Takasegawa encounter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TobaFushimiBattle2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/TobaFushimiBattle2.jpg/220px-TobaFushimiBattle2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/TobaFushimiBattle2.jpg/330px-TobaFushimiBattle2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/TobaFushimiBattle2.jpg/440px-TobaFushimiBattle2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2931" data-file-height="747" /></a><figcaption>Takasegawa encounter. Shogunate forces are visible on the left, while the pro-Imperial forces of Tosa <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Tosa_domain.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_Tosa_domain.svg/10px-Flag_of_Tosa_domain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_Tosa_domain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Tosa_domain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Flag_of_Tosa_domain.svg/20px-Flag_of_Tosa_domain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>, Chōshū <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Choshu_domain.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Choshu_domain.svg/10px-Flag_of_Choshu_domain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Choshu_domain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Choshu_domain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Choshu_domain.svg/20px-Flag_of_Choshu_domain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> and Satsuma <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg/10px-Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg/20px-Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> are visible on the right.</figcaption></figure> <p>The forces which had been to Fushimi, consisting in Aizu troops, <a href="/wiki/Shinsengumi" title="Shinsengumi">Shinsengumi</a> and Yūgekitai (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">遊撃隊</span></span>) guerilla troops were again attacked at Takasegawa (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">高瀬川</span></span>) and Ujigawa (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">宇治川</span></span>) on the morning of the 28th by the troops of Satsuma and Chōshū, and were forced to retreat in the direction of Yodo Castle after a bitter fight. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events_of_29_January">Events of 29 January</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Events of 29 January"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tominomori_encounter">Tominomori encounter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Tominomori encounter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EncounterOfTominomori.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/EncounterOfTominomori.jpg/220px-EncounterOfTominomori.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/EncounterOfTominomori.jpg/330px-EncounterOfTominomori.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/EncounterOfTominomori.jpg/440px-EncounterOfTominomori.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2926" data-file-height="774" /></a><figcaption>Encounter at Tominomori, on 29 January. Shogunal troops are on the left including Aizu forces <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Aizu_domain.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Aizu_domain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Aizu_domain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Aizu_domain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Aizu_domain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Aizu_domain.svg/30px-Flag_of_Aizu_domain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>, and on the right Satsuma troops <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg/10px-Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg/20px-Flag_of_Satsuma_domain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> and Chōshū troops <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Choshu_domain.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Choshu_domain.svg/10px-Flag_of_Choshu_domain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Choshu_domain.svg/15px-Flag_of_Choshu_domain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Choshu_domain.svg/20px-Flag_of_Choshu_domain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="600" /></a></span>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Shogunal forces which had regrouped at Tominomori (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">富の森</span></span>) were attacked by the forces of Satsuma in the morning. Around noon, the Imperial brocade banner appeared from behind the Satsuma–Chōshū lines. At first, neither side recognized the strange banner. Messengers had to be sent to both sides to explain what it was. Shogunal forces were thrown into confusion and Satsuma-Chōshū forces, their morale boosted, drew swords and charged the shogunal lines. The shogunal forces attempted to counter-attack, but were forced to retreat in disarray.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillsborough2005142_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillsborough2005142-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the afternoon, the Shogunal forces had once again to retreat to the area of Nōsho (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">納所</span></span>), in the direction of the <a href="/wiki/Yodo_Castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Yodo Castle">Yodo Castle</a>. </p><p>Shogunal forces attempted to regroup at Yodo Castle, but were refused admission, as the <i><a href="/wiki/Daimy%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Daimyō">daimyō</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Yodo_Domain" title="Yodo Domain">Yodo Domain</a> had decided to defect to the Imperial side on the appearance of the Imperial banner and defeat of the Shogunal forces. The <i>daimyō</i> of Yodo maintained his gates closed despite the supplication of the retreating army, thus denying them a major means of defense, forcing them to flee as far as Osaka castle. The <i>daimyō</i> of strategically located <a href="/wiki/Tsu_Domain" title="Tsu Domain">Tsu Domain</a> followed two days later. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events_of_30_January">Events of 30 January</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Events of 30 January"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Osaka_Castle" title="Fall of Osaka Castle">Fall of Osaka Castle</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tokugawa_Yoshinobu_leaving_for_Edo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Tokugawa_Yoshinobu_leaving_for_Edo.jpg/220px-Tokugawa_Yoshinobu_leaving_for_Edo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Tokugawa_Yoshinobu_leaving_for_Edo.jpg/330px-Tokugawa_Yoshinobu_leaving_for_Edo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Tokugawa_Yoshinobu_leaving_for_Edo.jpg/440px-Tokugawa_Yoshinobu_leaving_for_Edo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2672" data-file-height="1303" /></a><figcaption>Tokugawa Yoshinobu leaving for Edo, looking at the fire at Osaka Castle in the background</figcaption></figure> <p>The retreating shogunal troops were progressively streaming into <a href="/wiki/Osaka_Castle" title="Osaka Castle">Osaka Castle</a>. </p><p>At Osaka Castle, Tokugawa Yoshinobu gathered his advisors and military leaders to plan strategy and, to boost morale, advised that he would personally take to the field as commander of <i>bakufu</i> forces. That evening however, he slipped away from Osaka Castle accompanied by the <i>daimyōs</i> of Aizu and Kuwana to escape back to <a href="/wiki/Edo" title="Edo">Edo</a> on the shogunate warship <i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_frigate_Kaiy%C5%8D_Maru" title="Japanese frigate Kaiyō Maru">Kaiyō Maru</a></i>. </p><p>As <i>Kaiyō Maru</i> had not arrived, he took refuge for the night on an American warship, <a href="/wiki/USS_Iroquois_(1859)" title="USS Iroquois (1859)">USS <i>Iroquois</i></a>, anchored in <a href="/wiki/Osaka_Bay" title="Osaka Bay">Osaka Bay</a>. <i>Kaiyō Maru</i> arrived the following day. </p><p>When the remnants of his forces learned that the <i>shōgun</i> had abandoned them, they departed Osaka Castle, which was later surrendered to Imperial forces without resistance. Yoshinobu later claimed that he had been disturbed by the Imperial approval given to the actions of Satsuma and Chōshū, and, once the brocade banner had appeared, he had lost all will to fight.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeene2002127_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeene2002127-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>French advisors <a href="/wiki/Jules_Brunet" title="Jules Brunet">Jules Brunet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Cazeneuve" title="André Cazeneuve">Cazeneuve</a>, who were present at the battle, left Osaka and returned to Edo on 12 January, together with <a href="/wiki/Enomoto_Takeaki" title="Enomoto Takeaki">Enomoto Takeaki</a> on board the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_warship_Fujiyama" title="Japanese warship Fujiyama"><i>Fujiyama</i></a>. Enomoto brought with him various documents and a treasure of 180,000 <i><a href="/wiki/Japanese_ry%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese ryō">ryō</a></i>. They arrived in Edo on 14 January. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The effects of the Battle of Toba–Fushimi were out of proportion to its small scale. The prestige and morale of the Tokugawa <i>bakufu</i> was seriously weakened, and many <i>daimyōs</i> who had remained neutral now declared in favor of the Emperor and offered military support to prove their new loyalties. Even more significantly, the ill-conceived attempt by Tokugawa Yoshinobu to regain control silenced elements within the new imperial government who favored a peaceful resolution to the conflict.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESims200114_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESims200114-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Osaka_Castle" title="Osaka Castle">Osaka Castle</a>, an important symbol of Tokugawa hegemony over western Japan, fell to Imperial forces. The victory set a course for a military settlement rather than a political compromise. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Osaka_Castle_rampart_in_1865.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Osaka_Castle_rampart_in_1865.jpg/330px-Osaka_Castle_rampart_in_1865.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Osaka_Castle_rampart_in_1865.jpg/495px-Osaka_Castle_rampart_in_1865.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Osaka_Castle_rampart_in_1865.jpg 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Osaka Castle rampart in 1865</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firearms_of_Japan" title="Firearms of Japan">Firearms of Japan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Explanatory notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">During a recess, Saigō, who had his troops outside, "remarked that it would take only one short sword to settle the discussion".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeene2002122_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeene2002122-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Original quotation <span class="languageicon">(in Japanese)</span>: "短刀一本あればかたづくことだ." in Hagiwara, p. 42.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#What_information_to_include" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="A complete citation is needed. (October 2024)">full citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Japanese calendar: 正月３日</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETotman1980429-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980429_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980429_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTotman1980">Totman 1980</a>, p. 429.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESatow1968282-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESatow1968282_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSatow1968">Satow 1968</a>, p. 282.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeene2002116-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeene2002116_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKeene2002">Keene 2002</a>, p. 116.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See also Jansen, pp. 310–311.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeene2002120–1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeene2002120–1_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKeene2002">Keene 2002</a>, pp. 120–1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Satow, p. 283. Moreover, Satow (p. 285) speculates that Yoshinobu agreed to an assembly of <i>daimyōs</i> on the hope that such a body would reinstate him</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESatow1968286-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESatow1968286_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSatow1968">Satow 1968</a>, p. 286.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeene2002122-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeene2002122_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKeene2002">Keene 2002</a>, pp. 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeene2002124-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeene2002124_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKeene2002">Keene 2002</a>, p. 124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yamakawa Kenjirō. <i>Aizu Boshin Senshi</i>. Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai, 1933, pp. 89–90</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETotman1980435-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980435_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980435_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTotman1980">Totman 1980</a>, p. 435.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETotman1980434–435-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980434–435_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTotman1980">Totman 1980</a>, pp. 434–435.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETotman1980431-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980431_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980431_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTotman1980">Totman 1980</a>, p. 431.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7OFYajIf9QgC&pg=PA304"><i>The Cambridge History of Japan</i> p. 304</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETotman1980420-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980420_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTotman1980">Totman 1980</a>, p. 420.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETotman1980422-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980422_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980422_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980422_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980422_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980422_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980422_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETotman1980422_18-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTotman1980">Totman 1980</a>, p. 422.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeene2002126-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeene2002126_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKeene2002">Keene 2002</a>, p. 126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yamakawa, pp. 94–95</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Yamakawa, p. 95</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sasaki Suguru, Boshin Sensō. Tokyo: Chuokōron-shinsha, 2004, p. 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ishii Takashi, <i>Ishin no nairan</i>. Tokyo: Shiseido, 1968, 11–17; Sasaki Suguru, <i>Taisei hokan to tobaku mitchoku,</i> Jinbun gahuho 80 [March 1997], 28–29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Iwata, Masakazu. <i>Okubo Toshimichi: the Bismarck of Japan.</i> Berkeley: University of California Press, 1964, 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHillsborough2005142-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHillsborough2005142_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHillsborough2005">Hillsborough 2005</a>, p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKeene2002127-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKeene2002127_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKeene2002">Keene 2002</a>, p. 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESims200114-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESims200114_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSims2001">Sims 2001</a>, p. 14.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: General and cited references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Fukushima Hiroshi (1990). <i>Bakumatsu Ishin: Yume no Ato Kikō</i>. Tokyo: Kyōiku Shoseki.</li> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHillsborough2005" class="citation book cs1">Hillsborough, Romulus (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/shinsengumishgun00hill"><i>Shinsengumi: The Shogun's Last Samurai Corps</i></a></span>. Tuttle Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8048-3627-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8048-3627-2"><bdi>0-8048-3627-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shinsengumi%3A+The+Shogun%27s+Last+Samurai+Corps&rft.pub=Tuttle+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8048-3627-2&rft.aulast=Hillsborough&rft.aufirst=Romulus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fshinsengumishgun00hill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeene2002" class="citation book cs1">Keene, Donald (2002). <i>Emperor of Japan: Meiji and His World, 1852–1912</i>. New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231123402" title="Special:BookSources/9780231123402"><bdi>9780231123402</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/237548044">237548044</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emperor+of+Japan%3A+Meiji+and+His+World%2C+1852%E2%80%931912&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F237548044&rft.isbn=9780231123402&rft.aulast=Keene&rft.aufirst=Donald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSatow1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Mason_Satow" title="Ernest Mason Satow">Satow, Ernest</a> (1968) [1921]. <i>A Diplomat in Japan</i>. Tokyo: Oxford.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Diplomat+in+Japan&rft.place=Tokyo&rft.pub=Oxford&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Satow&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSims1998" class="citation book cs1">Sims, Richard (1998). <i>French Policy Towards the Bakufu and Meiji Japan 1854–1894</i>. RoutledgeCurzon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-873410-61-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-873410-61-1"><bdi>1-873410-61-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=French+Policy+Towards+the+Bakufu+and+Meiji+Japan+1854%E2%80%931894&rft.pub=RoutledgeCurzon&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-873410-61-1&rft.aulast=Sims&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSims2001" class="citation book cs1">Sims, Richard (2001). <i>Japanese Political History Since the Meiji Renovation 1868–2000</i>. Palgrave Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-23915-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-23915-7"><bdi>0-312-23915-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+Political+History+Since+the+Meiji+Renovation+1868%E2%80%932000&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-312-23915-7&rft.aulast=Sims&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTotman1980" class="citation book cs1">Totman, Conrad (1980). <i>Collapse of the Tokugawa Bakufu, 1862–1868</i>. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-82480-614-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-82480-614-X"><bdi>0-82480-614-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Collapse+of+the+Tokugawa+Bakufu%2C+1862%E2%80%931868&rft.place=Honolulu&rft.pub=University+of+Hawai%27i+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-82480-614-X&rft.aulast=Totman&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Yamakawa Kenjirō (1926). <i>Hōshu Aizu Byakkōtai Jūkyūshi-den</i>. Aizu-Wakamatsu: Aizu Chōrei Gikai.</li> <li>Yamakawa Kenjirō (1933). <i>Aizu Boshin Senshi</i>. Tokyo: Tokyo Daigaku Shuppankai.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Toba%E2%80%93Fushimi&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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