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For the historical region, see <a href="/wiki/Arakan" title="Arakan">Arakan</a>. For the modern administrative division, see <a href="/wiki/Rakhine_State" title="Rakhine State">Rakhine State</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output 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.ib-former-subdiv-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-former-subdiv vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org"><b>Arakan Division</b></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category"><a href="/wiki/British_rule_in_Burma" title="British rule in Burma">Division of Burma Province</a> (1862-1937) <br /> <p><a href="/wiki/British_rule_in_Burma" title="British rule in Burma">Division of Colony of Burma</a> (1937-1948) <br /> </p> <a href="/wiki/Post-independence_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-independence Burma">Division of Union of Burma</a> (1948-1974)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader category">1862–1974</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Arakan_Division_1931.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Arakan_Division_1931.png/220px-Arakan_Division_1931.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="404" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Arakan_Division_1931.png/330px-Arakan_Division_1931.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Arakan_Division_1931.png/440px-Arakan_Division_1931.png 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="948" /></a></span><br />Arakan Division and its four districts</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sittwe" title="Sittwe">Akyab</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">Colonial era</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Yandabo" title="Treaty of Yandabo">Treaty of Yandabo</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">24 February 1826</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Separation from <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British India</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1937</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Burma" title="Japanese occupation of Burma">Japanese occupation</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1942–1945</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Independence of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Union of Burma">Union of Burma</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">4 January 1948</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/20px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/30px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg/40px-British_Raj_Red_Ensign.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Burma_Division" title="Burma Division">Burma Division</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_the_Alaungpaya_Dynasty_of_Myanmar.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Alaungpaya_Dynasty_of_Myanmar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_the_Alaungpaya_Dynasty_of_Myanmar.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Alaungpaya_Dynasty_of_Myanmar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Flag_of_the_Alaungpaya_Dynasty_of_Myanmar.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Alaungpaya_Dynasty_of_Myanmar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Konbaung_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Konbaung Dynasty">Konbaung Dynasty</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Flag_of_Burma_1943.gif/20px-Flag_of_Burma_1943.gif" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Flag_of_Burma_1943.gif/30px-Flag_of_Burma_1943.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Flag_of_Burma_1943.gif/40px-Flag_of_Burma_1943.gif 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="217" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Burma" title="State of Burma">State of Burma</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Burma" title="State of Burma">State of Burma</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Flag_of_Burma_1943.gif/20px-Flag_of_Burma_1943.gif" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Flag_of_Burma_1943.gif/30px-Flag_of_Burma_1943.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Flag_of_Burma_1943.gif/40px-Flag_of_Burma_1943.gif 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="217" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chin_Special_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chin Special Division (page does not exist)">Chin Special Division</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Arakan_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Arakan State">Arakan State</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Burma_%281948%E2%80%931974%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Arakan Division</b> (<a href="/wiki/Burmese_language" title="Burmese language">Burmese</a>: <span lang="my">ရခိုင်တိုင်း</span>) was an <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">administrative division</a> of the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, covering modern-day <a href="/wiki/Rakhine_State" title="Rakhine State">Rakhine State</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, which was the historical region of <a href="/wiki/Arakan" title="Arakan">Arakan</a>. It bordered the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal Presidency</a> of <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> to the north. The <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Bengal" title="Bay of Bengal">Bay of Bengal</a> was located on its western coastline. Arakan Division had a <a href="/wiki/Multiethnic" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiethnic">multiethnic</a> population. It was a leading <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a> exporter. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arakan_Division&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Arakan" title="Arakan">Arakan</a> was ceded to the <a href="/wiki/Company_rule_in_India" title="Company rule in India">East India Company's administration</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Yandabo" title="Treaty of Yandabo">Treaty of Yandabo</a> signed after the <a href="/wiki/First_Anglo-Burmese_War" title="First Anglo-Burmese War">First Anglo-Burmese War</a> in 1826. The area was initially governed as part of the <a href="/wiki/Bengal_Presidency" title="Bengal Presidency">Bengal Presidency</a>. It later became part of the <a href="/wiki/Burma_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma Province">Burma Province</a>. In 1937, Burma became a separate crown colony. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Arakan fell to the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Burma" title="Japanese occupation of Burma">Japanese occupation of Burma</a> in 1942. The <a href="/wiki/Burma_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Burma Campaign">Burma Campaign</a> involved several Arakanese campaigns, including the <a href="/wiki/Arakan_Campaign_1942-1943" class="mw-redirect" title="Arakan Campaign 1942-1943">Arakan Campaign 1942-1943</a>. The division was regained by British forces, with help from the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>, in 1945. Arakan continued to be a division of Burma after its independence from Britain in 1948. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arakan_Division&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The division was a coastal strip of land running along the eastern seaboard of the Bay of Bengal, from the <a href="/wiki/Naf_River" title="Naf River">Naf River</a> estuary, on the borders of <a href="/wiki/Chittagong_Division" title="Chittagong Division">Chittagong</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Cape_Negrais" title="Cape Negrais">Cape Negrais</a>. Length from northern extremity to Cape Negrais, about 400 m; greatest breadth in the northern part, 90 m, gradually diminishing towards the south, as it is hemmed in by the <a href="/wiki/Arakan_Mountains" title="Arakan Mountains">Arakan Mountains</a>, until, in the extreme south, it tapers away to a narrow strip not more than 15 m across. The coast was studded with islands, the most important of which are <a href="/wiki/Cheduba_Island" title="Cheduba Island">Cheduba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramree" title="Ramree">Ramree</a> and Shahpura. The division had its headquarters at Akyab (<a href="/wiki/Sittwe" title="Sittwe">Sittwe</a>) and consists of four districts—namely, Akyab, Northern Arakan Hill Tracts, Sandoway and Kyaukpyu, formerly called Ramree. Its area is 18,540 sq. m. The population at the time of the British occupation in 1826 did not exceed 100,000. In 1831 it amounted to 173,000; in 1839 to 248,000, and in 1901 to 762,102.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The principal rivers of Arakan Division included the Naaf estuary, in the north, which forms the boundary between the division and Chittagong; (2) the <a href="/wiki/Mayu_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayu River">Mayu River</a>, an arm of the sea, running a course almost parallel with the coast for about 50 m.; (3) the <a href="/wiki/Kaladan_River" title="Kaladan River">Kaladan River</a>, rising near the Blue mountain, in the extreme north-east, and falling into the Bay of Bengal a few miles south of the Mayu River, navigable by vessels of from 300 to 400 tons burden for a distance of 40 m. inland; and (4) the <a href="/wiki/Lemro_River" title="Lemro River">Lemro River</a>, a considerable stream falling into the bay a few miles south of the Kaladan. Farther to the south, owing to the nearness of the range which bounds Arakan on the east, the rivers are of but little importance. These are the Talak and the Aeng, navigable by boats; and the Sandoway, the Taungup and the Gwa streams, the latter of which alone has any importance, owing to its mouth forming a good port of call or haven for vessels of from 9 to 10 ft. draught. There are several passes over the Arakan Mountains, the easiest being that called the Aeng route, leading from the village of that name into Upper Burma. The staple crop of the division was <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, along with cotton, tobacco, sugar, hemp and indigo. The forests produce abundance of excellent <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Teak" title="Teak">teak</a> <a href="/wiki/Timber" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber">timber</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Northern Arakan Hill Tracts district is under a superintendent, who was usually a member of the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Imperial_Police" title="Indian Imperial Police">Imperial Police</a>, with headquarters at <a href="/wiki/Paletwa" title="Paletwa">Paletwa</a>. The area of the Hill Tracts was 5233 sq. m.; pop. (1901) 20,682.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Districts">Districts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arakan_Division&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arakan had four districts which are listed in the following: </p> <ol><li>Akyab</li> <li>Northern Arakan Hill Tracts</li> <li>Sandoway</li> <li>Kyaukpyu</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arakan_Division&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Bamar_people" title="Bamar people">Burmese</a>-origin <a href="/wiki/Arakanese_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Arakanese people">Arakanese people</a> were the majority of the province. The Burman Arakanese were mainly <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhist</a>. The second largest community were <a href="/wiki/Arakanese_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Arakanese Indians">Arakanese Indians</a>, of whom the predominant majority were <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>; and a minority were <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>. Like the rest of Burma, the Burman Arakanese were concentrated in villages and tribal <a href="/wiki/Shifting_cultivation" title="Shifting cultivation">shifting cultivation</a> zones; while Indians dominated urban areas. Arakan had the largest percentage of Indians in Burma.<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor1987_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor1987-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1931 census found 500,000 Indians living in the divisional capital Akyab, where they dominated the <a href="/wiki/Seaport" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaport">seaport</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Hinterland" title="Hinterland">hinterland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BaylyHarper2005_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BaylyHarper2005-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislatures">Legislatures</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arakan_Division&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Legislatures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Legislatures_of_British_India" title="Legislatures of British India">Legislatures of British India</a></div> <p>Arakan Division was represented in the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Burma" title="Legislative Council of Burma">Legislative Council of Burma</a> between 1897 and 1937. It was also represented in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Legislative_Council" title="Imperial Legislative Council">Imperial Legislative Council</a>. After the Government of Burma Act, 1935 separated Burma from India, the <a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislature of Burma">Legislature of Burma</a> served as the legislative body of the colony, including Arakan Division. Elections were held in <a href="/wiki/1920_Indian_general_election" title="1920 Indian general election">1920</a>, <a href="/wiki/1922_Burmese_general_election" title="1922 Burmese general election">1922</a>, <a href="/wiki/1923_Indian_general_election" title="1923 Indian general election">1923</a>, <a href="/wiki/1925_Burmese_general_election" title="1925 Burmese general election">1925</a>, <a href="/wiki/1926_Indian_general_election" title="1926 Indian general election">1926</a>, <a href="/wiki/1928_Burmese_general_election" title="1928 Burmese general election">1928</a>, <a href="/wiki/1930_Indian_general_election" title="1930 Indian general election">1930</a>, <a href="/wiki/1932_Burmese_general_election" title="1932 Burmese general election">1932</a>, <a href="/wiki/1934_Indian_general_election" title="1934 Indian general election">1934</a>, <a href="/wiki/1936_Burmese_general_election" title="1936 Burmese general election">1936</a> and <a href="/wiki/1947_Burmese_general_election" title="1947 Burmese general election">1947</a>. </p><p>Both Burmese-Arakanese and Indo-Arakanese were elected as native members to the Legislature of Burma. <a href="/wiki/Gani_Markan" title="Gani Markan">Gani Markan</a> was a native Indian legislator from Arakan. In 1947, the legislature transformed into a <a href="/wiki/Constituent_assembly" title="Constituent assembly">constituent assembly</a>. Two <a href="/wiki/Arakanese_Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Arakanese Indians">Arakanese Indians</a> were elected under the Burmese native category to the constituent assembly, including <a href="/wiki/M._A._Gaffar" title="M. A. Gaffar">M. A. Gaffar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Ahmed_(Parliamentary_Secretary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sultan Ahmed (Parliamentary Secretary)">Sultan Ahmed</a>. The constituent assembly became the legislative body of the independent <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Union of Burma">Union of Burma</a> on 4 January 1948. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arakan_Division&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wages in Arakan were much higher than in British India.<sup id="cite_ref-Phayre1841_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Phayre1841-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The division was notable for its <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a> production.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Akyab became one of the leading rice <a href="/wiki/Export" title="Export">exporting</a> ports in the world, hosting ship fleets from <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hartwig1863_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hartwig1863-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Arakan was mostly accessible by sea,<sup id="cite_ref-Minahan2002_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minahan2002-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> its ports depended on <a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">ferry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cargo" title="Cargo">cargo</a> shipping with <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Chittagong" title="Port of Chittagong">Chittagong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Narayanganj" title="Port of Narayanganj">Narayanganj</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Dhaka" title="Port of Dhaka">Dacca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Calcutta" class="mw-redirect" title="Port of Calcutta">Calcutta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moulmein" class="mw-redirect" title="Moulmein">Moulmein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rangoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Rangoon">Rangoon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penang" title="Penang">Penang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras">Madras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syriam" class="mw-redirect" title="Syriam">Syriam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Munro2003_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Munro2003-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arakan was also notable for its <a href="/wiki/Timber" class="mw-redirect" title="Timber">timber</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arakan_Division&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 2 page 315</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 2 page 315</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 2 page 315</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Taylor1987-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Taylor1987_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRobert_H._Taylor1987" class="citation book cs1">Robert H. Taylor (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bJ67PFWJJwgC&pg=PA126"><i>The State in Burma</i></a>. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. pp. 126–127. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-028-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85065-028-7"><bdi>978-1-85065-028-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+State+in+Burma&rft.pages=126-127&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.+Publishers&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-1-85065-028-7&rft.au=Robert+H.+Taylor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbJ67PFWJJwgC%26pg%3DPA126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArakan+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BaylyHarper2005-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BaylyHarper2005_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristopher_Alan_BaylyTimothy_Norman_Harper2005" class="citation book cs1">Christopher Alan Bayly; Timothy Norman Harper (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/forgottenarmiesf00bayl"><i>Forgotten Armies: The Fall of British Asia, 1941-1945</i></a></span>. Harvard University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/forgottenarmiesf00bayl/page/91">91</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01748-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01748-1"><bdi>978-0-674-01748-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forgotten+Armies%3A+The+Fall+of+British+Asia%2C+1941-1945&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01748-1&rft.au=Christopher+Alan+Bayly&rft.au=Timothy+Norman+Harper&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fforgottenarmiesf00bayl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArakan+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Phayre1841-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Phayre1841_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArthur_P._Phayre1841" class="citation book cs1">Arthur P. Phayre (1841). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TPBeAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA696"><i>Account of Arakan</i></a>. p. 696.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Account+of+Arakan&rft.pages=696&rft.date=1841&rft.au=Arthur+P.+Phayre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTPBeAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA696&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArakan+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiok-Hwa2012" class="citation book cs1">Siok-Hwa, Cheng (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xOyvvnUnA-8C&q=arakan+&pg=PA291"><i>The Rice Industry of Burma, 1852-1940: (First Reprint 2012) - Cheng Siok-Hwa - Google Books</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789812304391" title="Special:BookSources/9789812304391"><bdi>9789812304391</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-09-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rice+Industry+of+Burma%2C+1852-1940%3A+%28First+Reprint+2012%29+-+Cheng+Siok-Hwa+-+Google+Books&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9789812304391&rft.aulast=Siok-Hwa&rft.aufirst=Cheng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxOyvvnUnA-8C%26q%3Darakan%2B%26pg%3DPA291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArakan+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hartwig1863-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hartwig1863_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorg_Hartwig1863" class="citation book cs1">Georg Hartwig (1863). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/b2810674x"><i>The Tropical World: a Popular Scientific Account of the Natural History of the Animal and Vegetable Kingdoms in the Equatorial Regions</i></a>. Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts, and Green. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/b2810674x/page/159">159</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tropical+World%3A+a+Popular+Scientific+Account+of+the+Natural+History+of+the+Animal+and+Vegetable+Kingdoms+in+the+Equatorial+Regions&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Green%2C+Longman%2C+Roberts%2C+and+Green&rft.date=1863&rft.au=Georg+Hartwig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fb2810674x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArakan+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Minahan2002-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Minahan2002_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Minahan2002" class="citation book cs1">James Minahan (30 May 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZfnWCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA168"><i>Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups Around the World A-Z [4 Volumes]</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-07696-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-07696-1"><bdi>978-0-313-07696-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Stateless+Nations%3A+Ethnic+and+National+Groups+Around+the+World+A-Z+%26%2391%3B4+Volumes%26%2393%3B&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2002-05-30&rft.isbn=978-0-313-07696-1&rft.au=James+Minahan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZfnWCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArakan+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Munro2003-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Munro2003_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ._Forbes_Munro2003" class="citation book cs1">J. Forbes Munro (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Dm6tSiRizBcC&pg=PA55"><i>Maritime Enterprise and Empire: Sir William Mackinnon and His Business Network, 1823-93</i></a>. Boydell Press. p. 55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85115-935-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85115-935-5"><bdi>978-0-85115-935-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maritime+Enterprise+and+Empire%3A+Sir+William+Mackinnon+and+His+Business+Network%2C+1823-93&rft.pages=55&rft.pub=Boydell+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-85115-935-5&rft.au=J.+Forbes+Munro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDm6tSiRizBcC%26pg%3DPA55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArakan+Division" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arakan_Division&oldid=1255638216">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arakan_Division&oldid=1255638216</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_1826" title="Category:States and territories established in 1826">States and territories established in 1826</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_disestablished_in_1948" title="Category:States and territories disestablished in 1948">States and territories disestablished in 1948</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Divisions_of_British_India" title="Category:Divisions of British India">Divisions of British India</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_rule_in_Burma" title="Category:British rule in Burma">British rule in Burma</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rakhine_State" title="Category:Rakhine State">Rakhine State</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rohingya_people" title="Category:Rohingya people">Rohingya people</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_former_subdivision_with_unknown_parameters" title="Category:Pages using infobox former subdivision with unknown parameters">Pages using infobox former subdivision with unknown parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Burmese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Burmese-language text">Articles containing Burmese-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 5 November 2024, at 22:58<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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