CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i],[sizes^="auto," i]){contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px}</style> <link rel='preconnect' href='https://i0.wp.com' > <script>window._wca = window._wca || [];</script>  <title>Economic well-being mission – Center for Public Integrity</title><link rel="preload" href="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?fit=1270%2C261&ssl=1" as="image" imagesrcset="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?w=1270&ssl=1 1270w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?resize=300%2C62&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?resize=1024%2C210&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?resize=768%2C158&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?resize=1200%2C247&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?resize=400%2C82&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?resize=706%2C145&ssl=1 706w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?fit=1270%2C261&ssl=1&w=370 370w" imagesizes="(max-width: 1270px) 100vw, 1270px" fetchpriority="high" /><link rel="preload" href="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=780%2C780&ssl=1" as="image" imagesrcset="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=1024%2C1024&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=768%2C768&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=1536%2C1536&ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=1200%2C1200&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=800%2C800&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=600%2C600&ssl=1 600w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=200%2C200&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=1568%2C1568&ssl=1 1568w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=96%2C96&ssl=1 96w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?w=1584&ssl=1 1584w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo-1024x1024.png?w=370&ssl=1 370w" imagesizes="(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px" fetchpriority="high" /><style id="perfmatters-used-css">#jp-relatedposts{display:none;padding-top:1em;margin:1em 0;position:relative;clear:both;}.jp-relatedposts:after{content:"";display:block;clear:both;}#jp-relatedposts h3.jp-relatedposts-headline{margin:0 0 1em 0;display:inline-block;float:left;font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;font-family:inherit;}#jp-relatedposts h3.jp-relatedposts-headline em:before{content:"";display:block;width:100%;min-width:30px;border-top:1px solid #dcdcde;border-top:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.2);margin-bottom:1em;}#jp-relatedposts h3.jp-relatedposts-headline em{font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;}@media print{.jp-relatedposts{display:none !important;}}</style> <link rel="canonical" href="https://publicintegrity.org/economic-well-being-mission/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Economic well-being mission" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Public Integrity confronts inequality in education through solutions-oriented investigative reporting about discriminatory systems that harm students based on race, ethnicity, disability, sexual orientation and gender identity. Using data analysis, narrative storytelling and historical context, we write about the connections between education and society’s approach to economic well-being, housing, policing, immigration, health care and access to the democratic process." /> <meta property="og:url" content="http://publicintegrity.org/economic-well-being-mission/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Center for Public Integrity" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/publici/" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-09-01T15:49:51+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1584" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1584" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="2 minutes" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="Janeen Jones" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://publicintegrity.org/economic-well-being-mission/","url":"https://publicintegrity.org/economic-well-being-mission/","name":"Economic well-being mission – Center for Public Integrity","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://publicintegrity.org/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://publicintegrity.org/economic-well-being-mission/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://publicintegrity.org/economic-well-being-mission/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?fit=1584%2C1584&ssl=1","datePublished":"2023-05-25T20:30:59+00:00","dateModified":"2023-09-01T15:49:51+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://publicintegrity.org/economic-well-being-mission/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://publicintegrity.org/economic-well-being-mission/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://publicintegrity.org/economic-well-being-mission/#primaryimage","url":"https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?fit=1584%2C1584&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?fit=1584%2C1584&ssl=1","width":1584,"height":1584,"caption":"Logo that says economic well-being with finance logos surrounding it."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://publicintegrity.org/economic-well-being-mission/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://publicintegrity.org/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Economic well-being mission"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://publicintegrity.org/#website","url":"https://publicintegrity.org/","name":"Center for Public Integrity","description":"Investigating inequality","publisher":{"@id":"https://publicintegrity.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://publicintegrity.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://publicintegrity.org/#organization","name":"Center for Public Integrity","url":"https://publicintegrity.org/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://publicintegrity.org/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/linkedin-company-logo-300.png","contentUrl":"https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/linkedin-company-logo-300.png","width":300,"height":300,"caption":"Center for Public Integrity"},"image":{"@id":"https://publicintegrity.org/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/publici/","https://x.com/publicintegrity","https://www.instagram.com/publicintegrity/","https://www.linkedin.com/company/29637/","https://www.youtube.com/user/cpiweb","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Public_Integrity"]}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.parsely.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.googletagmanager.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//widgets.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//0.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//1.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//2.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='preconnect' href='//c0.wp.com' /> <link rel='preconnect' href='//i0.wp.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Center for Public Integrity » Feed" href="https://publicintegrity.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Center for Public Integrity » Comments Feed" href="https://publicintegrity.org/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Center for Public Integrity » Stories Feed" href="https://publicintegrity.org/web-stories/feed/"><link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-theme-inline-css'>.wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-audio{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-code{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;padding:.8em 1em}.wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-embed{margin:0 0 1em}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:#ffffffa6}:root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme :root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-pullquote{border-bottom:4px solid;border-top:4px solid;color:currentColor;margin-bottom:1.75em}.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer,.wp-block-pullquote__citation{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;position:relative}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-right){border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-center){border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large,.wp-block-quote:where(.is-style-plain){border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-search__button{border:1px solid #ccc;padding:.375em .625em}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-separator.has-css-opacity{opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-separator.has-alpha-channel-opacity{opacity:1}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{word-break:normal}.wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video{margin:0 0 1em}:root :where(.wp-block-template-part.has-background){margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em}</style> <style id='co-authors-plus-coauthors-style-inline-css'>.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow [class*=wp-block-co-authors-plus]{display:inline}</style> <style id='co-authors-plus-avatar-style-inline-css'>.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto}</style> <style id='co-authors-plus-image-style-inline-css'>.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image{margin-bottom:0}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignfull,.alignwide) :where(img){width:100%}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto}</style> <style id='wp-parsely-recommendations-style-inline-css'>.parsely-recommendations-list-title{font-size:1.2em}.parsely-recommendations-list{list-style:none;padding:unset}.parsely-recommendations-cardbody{overflow:hidden;padding:.8em;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.parsely-recommendations-cardmedia{padding:.8em .8em 0}</style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css'>.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em}</style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'>.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}</style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'>:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #FFFFFF;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--primary: #d5410b;--wp--preset--color--primary-variation: #ad1900;--wp--preset--color--secondary: #005aa3;--wp--preset--color--secondary-variation: #00327b;--wp--preset--color--dark-gray: #111111;--wp--preset--color--medium-gray: #767676;--wp--preset--color--light-gray: #EEEEEE;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--grad-1: linear-gradient( 135deg,rgb( 213,65,11) 0%,rgb( 173,25,0) 100% );--wp--preset--gradient--grad-2: linear-gradient( 135deg,rgb( 0,90,163) 0%,rgb( 0,50,123) 100% );--wp--preset--gradient--grad-3: linear-gradient( 135deg,rgb( 17,17,17 ) 0%,rgb( 85,85,85 ) 100% );--wp--preset--gradient--grad-4: linear-gradient( 135deg,rgb( 68,68,68 ) 0%,rgb( 136,136,136 ) 100% );--wp--preset--gradient--grad-5: linear-gradient( 135deg,rgb( 119,119,119 ) 0%,rgb( 221,221,221 ) 100% );--wp--preset--gradient--grad-6: linear-gradient( 135deg,rgb( 221,221,221 ) 0%,rgb( 255,255,255 ) 100% );--wp--preset--font-size--small: 16px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-size--normal: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--huge: 44px;--wp--preset--font-family--inter: "Inter",sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cardo: Cardo;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0,0,0,0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255,255,255,1),6px 6px rgba(0,0,0,1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0,0,0,1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*,div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*,div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;}</style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='newspack-blocks-block-styles-stylesheet-css' href='https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-blocks/dist/block_styles.css?ver=4.4.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='newspack-newsletters-subscriptions-css' href='https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-newsletters/includes/../dist/subscriptions.css?ver=1732562387' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='newspack-reader-auth-css' href='https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-plugin/dist/reader-auth.css?ver=5.8.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='newspack-popups-view-css' href='https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-popups/includes/../dist/view.css?ver=1732562351' media='all' /> <link rel="stylesheet" id="qtip2css-css" media="all" data-pmdelayedstyle="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-tooltips/js/qtip2/jquery.qtip.min.css?ver=6.7.1"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="directorycss-css" media="all" data-pmdelayedstyle="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-tooltips/js/jdirectory/directory.min.css?ver=6.7.1"> <link rel='stylesheet' id='newspack-style-css' href='https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/themes/newspack-scott/style.css?ver=2.3.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='newspack-print-style-css' href='https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/themes/newspack-theme/styles/print.css?ver=2.3.0' media='print' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='newspack-sponsors-style-css' href='https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/themes/newspack-theme/styles/newspack-sponsors.css?ver=2.3.0' media='all' /> <link rel="stylesheet" id="jetpack_likes-css" media="all" data-pmdelayedstyle="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/modules/likes/style.css?ver=14.1-a.7"> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script src="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-tooltips/js/qtip2/jquery.qtip.min.js?ver=6.7.1" id="qtip2js-js" defer></script> <script src="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-tooltips/js/jdirectory/jquery.directory.min.js?ver=6.7.1" id="directoryjs-js" defer></script> <script src="https://stats.wp.com/s-202448.js" id="woocommerce-analytics-js" defer data-wp-strategy="defer" type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script>   <script src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5XWGFKW23E" id="google_gtagjs-js" async type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <script id="google_gtagjs-js-after" type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag("set","linker",{"domains":["publicintegrity.org"]}); gtag("js", new Date()); gtag("set", "developer_id.dZTNiMT", true); gtag("config", "G-5XWGFKW23E"); </script>  <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/121177" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://publicintegrity.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://wp.me/PdDRTq-vwt' />  <style id="custom-logo-css">.site-title{position: absolute;clip: rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);}</style> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpublicintegrity.org%2Feconomic-well-being-mission%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fpublicintegrity.org%2Feconomic-well-being-mission%2F&format=xml" /> <meta name="generator" content="Site Kit by Google 1.140.0" /> <link rel="manifest" href="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-json/wp/v2/web-app-manifest"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#fff"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"> <meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"> <link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/CPI-columns-new-color.jpg?fit=82%2C86&ssl=1"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="CPI"> <meta name="application-name" content="CPI"> <script type="text/javascript"> if(typeof jQuery=='undefined') { document.write('<'+'script src="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins//wordpress-tooltips/js/qtip/jquery.js" type="text/javascript"></'+'script>'); } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> function toolTips(whichID,theTipContent) { theTipContent = theTipContent.replace('[[[[[',''); theTipContent = theTipContent.replace(']]]]]',''); theTipContent = theTipContent.replace('@@@@',''); theTipContent = theTipContent.replace('####',''); theTipContent = theTipContent.replace('%%%%',''); theTipContent = theTipContent.replace('//##',''); theTipContent = theTipContent.replace('##]]',''); jQuery(whichID).qtip ( { content: { text:theTipContent, button:'Close' }, style: { classes:' qtip-dark wordpress-tooltip-free qtip-rounded qtip-shadow ' }, position: { viewport: jQuery(window), my: 'bottom center', at: 'top center' }, show:'mouseover', hide: { fixed: true, delay: 200 } } ) } </script> <style type="text/css">.tooltips_table .tooltipsall{border-bottom:none !important;}.tooltips_table span{color: inherit !important;}.qtip-content .tooltipsall{border-bottom:none !important;color: inherit !important;}.tooltipsincontent{border-bottom:2px dotted #888;}.tooltipsPopupCreditLink a{color:gray;}</style> <style type="text/css">.navitems a{text-decoration: none !important;}</style> <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebPage","headline":"Economic well-being mission","url":"http:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/economic-well-being-mission\/","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"http:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/economic-well-being-mission\/"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/publicintegrity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/publicintegrity.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Economic-well-being-logo.png?fit=1584%2C1584&ssl=1"},"articleSection":"Uncategorized","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Janeen Jones"}],"creator":["Janeen Jones"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Center for Public Integrity","logo":""},"keywords":[],"dateCreated":"2023-05-25T20:30:59Z","datePublished":"2023-05-25T20:30:59Z","dateModified":"2023-09-01T15:49:51Z"}</script> <style type="text/css" id="custom-theme-colors-scott">.mobile-sidebar .article-section-title::before,.mobile-sidebar .accent-header::before{background-color: #d53f08;}#colophon,#colophon .widget-title,#colophon .social-navigation a,#colophon .widgettitle{color: white;}#colophon .footer-branding .wrapper,#colophon .footer-widgets:first-child{border: 0;}.site-footer .accent-header::before,.site-footer .article-section-title::before{background-color: #001437;}</style> <style type="text/css" id="custom-theme-fonts-scott">.accent-header:not(.widget-title),.article-section-title,.page-title,#secondary .widget-title,.author-bio .accent-header span,#colophon .widget-title,#colophon .widgettitle,#secondary .widgettitle{text-transform: uppercase;}</style> <style type="text/css" id="custom-theme-colors">:root{--newspack-theme-color-primary: #d5410b;--newspack-theme-color-primary-variation: #b72300;--newspack-theme-color-secondary: #005aa3 !important;--newspack-theme-color-secondary-variation: #00327b;--newspack-theme-color-primary-darken-5: #d03c06;--newspack-theme-color-primary-darken-10: #cb3701;--newspack-theme-color-primary-against-white: #d5410b;--newspack-theme-color-secondary-against-white: #005aa3;--newspack-theme-color-primary-variation-against-white: #b72300;--newspack-theme-color-secondary-variation-against-white: #00327b;--newspack-theme-color-against-primary: white;--newspack-theme-color-against-secondary: white;}input[type="checkbox"]::before{background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24' width='24' height='24'%3E%3Cpath d='M16.7 7.1l-6.3 8.5-3.3-2.5-.9 1.2 4.5 3.4L17.9 8z' fill='white'%3E%3C/path%3E%3C/svg%3E");}.site-footer{background: #04284b;}.site-footer,.site-footer a,.site-footer a:hover,.site-footer .widget-title,.site-footer .widgettitle,.site-info{color: white;}.site-footer a:hover,.site-footer .widget a:hover{opacity: 0.7;}.site-info .widget-area .wrapper,.site-info .site-info-contain:first-child{border-top-color: #001437;}.button.mb-cta,.button.mb-cta:not(:hover):visited,.tribe_community_edit .button.mb-cta{background-color: #f35d26;color: black;}</style> <style type="text/css" id="newspack-theme-colors-variables">:root{--newspack-primary-color: #d5410b;--newspack-secondary-color: #005aa3;--newspack-cta-color: #f35d26;--newspack-header-color: #f35d26;--newspack-primary-menu-color:;--newspack-footer-color: #04284b;--newspack-primary-contrast-color: white;--newspack-secondary-contrast-color: white;--newspack-cta-contrast-color: black;--newspack-header-contrast-color: black;--newspack-primary-menu-contrast-color: white;--newspack-footer-contrast-color: white;}</style> <style type="text/css" id="custom-theme-fonts">:root{--newspack-theme-font-heading: "Larish","Georgia","serif";}:root{--newspack-theme-font-body: "MaisonNeue","Helvetica","sans-serif";}.tags-links span:first-child,.cat-links,.page-title,.highlight-menu .menu-label{text-transform: uppercase;}</style> <style>.sponsor-label .flag,amp-script .sponsor-label .flag{background: #FED850;color: black;}</style> <noscript><style>.woocommerce-product-gallery{opacity: 1 !important;}</style></noscript> <script src="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins/perfmatters/vendor/fastclick/pmfastclick.min.js" defer></script><script>"addEventListener"in document&&document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){FastClick.attach(document.body)},!1);</script><script>function perfmatters_check_cart_fragments(){if(null!==document.getElementById("perfmatters-cart-fragments"))return!1;if(document.cookie.match("(^|;) ?woocommerce_cart_hash=([^;]*)(;|$)")){var e=document.createElement("script");e.id="perfmatters-cart-fragments",e.src="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/js/frontend/cart-fragments.min.js",e.async=!0,document.head.appendChild(e)}}perfmatters_check_cart_fragments(),document.addEventListener("click",function(){setTimeout(perfmatters_check_cart_fragments,1e3)});</script><style class='wp-fonts-local'>@font-face{font-family:Inter;font-style:normal;font-weight:300 900;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/fonts/Inter-VariableFont_slnt,wght.woff2') format('woff2');font-stretch:normal;}@font-face{font-family:Cardo;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:fallback;src:url('https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins/woocommerce/assets/fonts/cardo_normal_400.woff2') format('woff2');}</style> <link rel="icon" href="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/CPI-columns-new-color.jpg" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/CPI-columns-new-color.jpg?fit=82%2C86&ssl=1" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/CPI-columns-new-color.jpg?fit=82%2C86&ssl=1" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/CPI-columns-new-color.jpg?fit=82%2C86&ssl=1" /> <script type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"> ( function() { // Load GA script if not yet found if ( 'undefined' === typeof gtag ) { var element = document.createElement( 'script' ); element.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-1M4VNNGB6Y'; element.async = true; document.head.appendChild( element ); window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.gtag = function() { window.dataLayer.push( arguments ) }; gtag( 'js', new Date() ); } gtag( 'config', 'G-1M4VNNGB6Y' ); } )(); </script> <style id="wp-custom-css">@font-face{font-family: 'MaisonNeue';font-weight: 900;src: url('/wp-content/uploads/pi-fonts/MaisonNeue-Black.woff2') format('woff2');font-display: swap;}@font-face{font-family: 'MaisonNeue';font-weight: 900;font-style: italic;src: url('/wp-content/uploads/pi-fonts/MaisonNeue-BlackItalic.woff2') format('woff2');font-display: swap;}@font-face{font-family: 'MaisonNeue';font-weight: 700;src: url('/wp-content/uploads/pi-fonts/MaisonNeue-Bold.woff2') format('woff2');font-display: swap;}@font-face{font-family: 'MaisonNeue';font-weight: 700;font-style: italic;src: url('/wp-content/uploads/pi-fonts/MaisonNeue-BoldItalic.woff2') format('woff2');font-display: swap;}@font-face{font-family: 'MaisonNeue';font-weight: 400;src: url('/wp-content/uploads/pi-fonts/MaisonNeue-Book.woff2') format('woff2');font-display: swap;}@font-face{font-family: 'MaisonNeue';font-weight: 400;font-style: italic;src: url('/wp-content/uploads/pi-fonts/MaisonNeue-BookItalic.woff2') format('woff2');font-display: swap;}@font-face{font-family: 'Larish';font-weight: 600;src: url('/wp-content/uploads/pi-fonts/larish_neue_semibold.woff2') format('woff2');font-display: swap;}@font-face{font-family: 'Larish';font-weight: 600;font-style: italic;src: url('/wp-content/uploads/pi-fonts/larish_neue_semibold_italic.woff2') format('woff2');font-display: swap;}@font-face{font-family: 'Druk';font-weight: 600;src: url('/wp-content/uploads/pi-fonts/Druk-Medium.otf');font-display: swap;}@font-face{font-family: 'Druk';font-weight: 600;font-style: italic;src: url('/wp-content/uploads/pi-fonts/Druk-MediumItalic.otf');font-display: swap;}@font-face{font-family: 'Druk';font-weight: 700;src: url('/wp-content/uploads/pi-fonts/Druk-Bold.otf');font-display: swap;}@font-face{font-family: 'Druk';font-weight: 700;font-style: italic;src: url('/wp-content/uploads/pi-fonts/Druk-BoldItalic.otf');font-display: swap;}.site-header .nav1,.cat-links a,.entry-meta,.sitewide-sidebar h1,.sitewide-sidebar h2,.sitewide-sidebar h3,.sitewide-sidebar h4,.sitewide-sidebar h5,.sitewide-sidebar h6,.sitewide-sidebar p,#secondary .sitewide-sidebar p,.page-subtitle{font-family: 'MaisonNeue',sans-serif;}.button,button,input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"],.wp-block-jetpack-button button,.wp-block-search__button-outside .wp-block-search__button,.wp-block-button__link,.menu-highlight a,.button.mb-cta,.mobile-menu-toggle{font-family: 'MaisonNeue',sans-serif;font-weight: bold;text-transform: uppercase;}.blog .cat-links a{color:#D5410B;}.site-header .secondary-menu{font-family: 'Larish',serif;}.site-header .secondary-menu{font-weight: bold;}.site-description,div.newspack-post-subtitle.newspack-post-subtitle--in-homepage-block,header > div.newspack-post-subtitle{font-style: normal;}.site-header .nav1{font-size: 0.75rem}.site-header .menu-highlight a,.mobile-sidebar .menu-highlight a{border: 0;font-size: 0.8rem;margin-right: 4px;outline: 4px solid #D5410B;}.mobile-menu-toggle,.page-subtitle{font-size: 0.9rem}#secondary .widget-title{font-size: 0.95rem;text-transform: none;}.wpnbha .cat-links a{color: #D5410B;}.site-header .menu-highlight a,.mobile-sidebar .menu-highlight a{background: #D5410B;}.mobile-sidebar,.mobile-sidebar button:hover,.mobile-sidebar a,.mobile-sidebar a:visited,.mobile-sidebar .nav1 .sub-menu > li > a,.mobile-sidebar .nav1 ul.main-menu > li > a,.wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button,.highlight-menu .menu-label,body.h-db.h-dh .site-header .nav3 .menu-highlight a,.comment .comment-author .post-author-badge,.woocommerce .onsale,.woocommerce-store-notice,.logged-in.page-template-single-wide.woocommerce-account .woocommerce-MyAccount-navigation ul li.is-active a,.logged-in.page-template-single-feature.woocommerce-account .woocommerce-MyAccount-navigation ul li.is-active a{color: #04284b;}div.wpnbha .entry-title a,.site-header .nav1 .main-menu > li > a,.site-footer .wp-block-social-links .wp-block-social-link .wp-block-social-link-anchor svg{color: #04284b;}.top-header-contain{background: #04284b;}div.wpnbha .entry-title a:hover,.single .cat-links a,.entry-content .more-link{color: #005AA3;}.site-header .menu-highlight a,.mobile-sidebar .menu-highlight a,.button.mb-cta{color: #fff;}.mobile-sidebar{background: #faf9f4;}.newspack-post-subtitle{color: #515151;}.site-description{font-size: 0.9rem;padding: 0;}.h-sh .site-branding{display: block;}@media (max-width: 800px){.site-description{display: none;}}@media (min-width: 800px){.h-sh .site-branding{flex-basis: 30%;}}.site-header .nav1 > ul > li.menu-item-has-children .submenu-expand{position: relative;top: -2px;}.site-header .nav1 .main-menu > li{margin-right: 0.15rem;}#secondary-nav-contain{padding: 0.15rem 0;}.site-header .nav2 > ul > li:last-child{margin-right: 0;}.accent-header:not(.widget-title)::before,.article-section-title::before,.cat-links::before,.page-title::before,.site-breadcrumb .wrapper > span::before{display: none;}iframe{display: block;}div.wpnbha.image-alignbehind .post-has-image .post-thumbnail::after{background: rgba(0,0,0,0.6);}.wp-block-group.has-background{padding: 1.5em;}@media (max-width: 599px){.entry .entry-content > .wp-block-group.alignright:not(.newspack-media-partners),.entry .entry-content > .wp-block-group.alignleft:not(.newspack-media-partners){float: none;max-width: 100%;margin-left: 0;margin-right: 0;padding: 20px;}}.post-template-single-feature .entry .entry-content > .wp-block-group.alignfull > div > .wp-block-newspack-blocks-iframe:not(.alignfull):not(.alignwide),.post-template-single-feature .entry .entry-content > .wp-block-group.alignwide > div > .wp-block-newspack-blocks-iframe:not(.alignfull):not(.alignwide),.page-template-single-feature .entry .entry-content > .wp-block-group.alignfull > div > .wp-block-newspack-blocks-iframe:not(.alignfull):not(.alignwide),.page-template-single-feature .entry .entry-content > .wp-block-group.alignwide > div > .wp-block-newspack-blocks-iframe:not(.alignfull):not(.alignwide){max-width: 100%;}.wp-block-group.sitewide-sidebar{padding: 70px 20px 20px;}.sitewide-sidebar{border-left: 4px solid #005AA3;border-top: 4px solid #D5410B;position: relative;}.sitewide-sidebar:after{background-image: url('/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/cpi-logo-white.png');background-color: #04284b;background-size: 75%;background-position: center center;background-repeat: no-repeat;content: '';display: block;height: 70px;left: 0;position: absolute;width: 70px;top: 0;}.sitewide-sidebar.wp-block-group .wp-block-group__inner-container > *{margin-top: 24px;margin-bottom: 24px;}.sitewide-sidebar.wp-block-group > div > .search-header{font-family: 'Larish',sans-serif;font-size: 0.95rem;margin-bottom: -20px;}.sitewide-sidebar h5{font-size: 0.7em;}.sitewide-sidebar .wpbnbd .frequency .freq-label,#secondary .wpbnbd .freq-label{font-size: 0.6rem;}#secondary .sitewide-sidebar{font-size: 1.2em;}@media (max-width: 1100px) and (min-width: 600px){.wp-block-group.sitewide-sidebar{padding-top: 50px;}.sitewide-sidebar:after{height: 50px;width: 50px;}}@media (max-width: 781px){.wp-block-column:empty{display: none;}}.button,button,input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"],.wp-block-search__button-outside .wp-block-search__button,.wp-block-button__link{padding-top: 0.8rem;}.wp-block-jetpack-button button{line-height: 1.2;padding: 0.8rem 1rem 0.76rem;}.wp-block-social-link:has( a:focus ){outline: 1.5px dotted black;outline-offset: 3px;transform: scale(1.1);}.sharedaddy .sd-sharing a:focus{outline: 1.5px dotted black;outline-offset: 3px;transform: scale(1.1);transition: all 150ms ease-in-out;}.jp-relatedposts-post-a:focus{outline: 1.5px dotted black;outline-offset: 3px;transform: scale(1.1);}.entry-content .more-link{font-weight: bold;text-decoration: none;text-transform: uppercase;}.entry-content .more-link a{text-decoration: none;}.entry-content .more-link:after{content: '→';}.has-secondary-background-color .newspack-newsletters-subscribe__message p.status-400,.has-secondary-background-color .newspack-newsletters-subscribe__message p.status-500{color: #fff;}.compress-newsletter.newspack-pattern.subscribe__style-6 .wp-block-jetpack-mailchimp form{display: flex;}.compress-newsletter.newspack-pattern.subscribe__style-6 .wp-block-jetpack-mailchimp form > p:first-child{flex: 1;margin-bottom: 0;}.compress-newsletter.wp-block-group.has-background{padding: 0.5rem 1rem;}.compress-newsletter .wp-block-columns .wp-block-column > *:not(:first-child){margin-top: 0;}.compress-newsletter .wp-block-jetpack-mailchimp .wp-block-jetpack-button{flex: none;}.compress-newsletter .wp-block-jetpack-mailchimp .wp-block-jetpack-button.wp-block-button{margin: 0 0 0 5px;}.compress-newsletter .wp-block-jetpack-mailchimp .wp-block-jetpack-button.wp-block-button button{padding: 0.7rem;}.compress-newsletter .wp-block-columns .wp-block-column > *:not(:last-child){margin-bottom: 0;}.compress-newsletter #wp-block-jetpack-mailchimp_consent-text{display: none;}.compress-newsletter .wp-block-jetpack-mailchimp div:not(.wp-block-jetpack-button){flex: 1 0 100%;margin-top: 0.25rem;}@media (max-width: 1200px) and (min-width: 600px){.compress-newsletter .wp-block-columns{display: block;max-width: 100%;}.compress-newsletter .wp-block-columns,.compress-newsletter .wp-block-column{margin-left: 0;margin-right: 0;}}@media (max-width: 1200px){.compress-newsletter .wp-block-column:not(:last-child){margin-bottom: 0.5rem;}}.compress-newsletter .newspack-newsletters-subscribe .newspack-newsletters-email-input input[type="email"]{width: calc( 100% - 200px );}.watchdog-newsletter-signup div{display: flex;gap: 0.5rem;}@media (max-width: 599px){.watchdog-newsletter-signup div{flex-wrap: wrap;}.watchdog-newsletter-signup div > *{width: 100%;}}.watchdog-newsletter-signup label{font-size: 0.8rem;font-weight: bold;text-transform: uppercase;}.watchdog-newsletter-signup div input[type='email']{flex-grow: 10;}.watchdog-newsletter-signup div button{background: #D5410B;}.watchdog-newsletter-signup div button:hover{background: #111;}.watchdog-newsletter-signup p{font-size: 0.75rem;margin-top: 0.5em;}.gf-newsletter-signup_wrapper{width: 100%;}.gf-newsletter-signup_wrapper .gform_heading{display: none;}.gf-newsletter-signup_wrapper .gf-newsletter-signup .gform-body > div{grid-template-columns: minmax(100px,1fr) 1fr;grid-row-gap: 8px;grid-column-gap: 10px;}.gf-newsletter-signup_wrapper .gform-body > div > div{display: contents;}.gf-newsletter-signup_wrapper.gravity-theme .gfield_label{grid-column: span 12;margin-bottom: 0;}.gf-newsletter-signup_wrapper .ginput_container_email,.gf-newsletter-signup_wrapper.gform_wrapper.gravity-theme #field_submit{grid-column: span 12;}.gf-newsletter-signup_wrapper.gform_wrapper .gfield_required,.gf-newsletter-signup_wrapper.gform_wrapper.gravity-theme span.gfield_required{color: inherit;}.gf-newsletter-signup_wrapper.gravity-theme input[type="email"]{font-size: 1rem;padding: 0.41rem 0.66rem;}.gf-newsletter-signup_wrapper.gravity-theme .gform_footer{margin: 0;padding: 0;}.gf-newsletter-signup_wrapper input[type='submit']{width: 100%;}.has-secondary-background-color .gf-newsletter-signup_wrapper input[type='submit']:not(:hover),.gf-orange-button .gf-newsletter-signup_wrapper input[type='submit']:not(:hover){background: #D5410B;}@media (min-width: 641px){.gf-newsletter-signup_wrapper .ginput_container_email{grid-column: span 9;}.gf-newsletter-signup_wrapper.gform_wrapper.gravity-theme #field_submit{grid-column: span 3;}}.sitewide-sidebar .gf-newsletter-signup_wrapper.gravity-theme label{font-family: "MaisonNeue",sans-serif;font-size: 0.75rem;}@media (min-width: 782px ){.sitewide-sidebar .gf-newsletter-signup_wrapper .gf-newsletter-signup .gform-body > div{display: block;}.sitewide-sidebar .gf-newsletter-signup_wrapper input[type="submit"]{margin: 0.5rem auto 0;width: auto;}}.newspack-newsletters-email-input{justify-content: center;}div.newspack-newsletters-subscribe label{font-family: "MaisonNeue",sans-serif;}div.newspack-newsletters-subscribe label{font-size: 0.8rem;text-transform: uppercase;}div.newspack-newsletters-subscribe input[type="submit"]{background-color: var(--newspack-theme-color-secondary);}.has-secondary-background-color div.newspack-newsletters-subscribe input[type="submit"]:not(:hover),.newsletter-orange-button.newspack-newsletters-subscribe input[type="submit"]:not(:hover),.newsletter-orange-button div.newspack-newsletters-subscribe input[type="submit"]:not(:hover){background: var(--newspack-theme-color-primary);}div.newspack-newsletters-subscribe__icon::before{transform: unset;}#secondary .widget:not(:first-of-type):before{content: '';width: 100px;border-top: 1px solid #ddd;margin: 1.75rem auto;display: block;}.jetpack_widget_social_icons ul.size-small svg{height: 20px;width: 20px;}.jetpack_widget_social_icons ul.size-small a{background: #04284b;border-radius: 100%;color: #fff;display: inline-block;height: 36px;margin-right: 4px;padding: 8px;width: 36px;}#secondary nav ul{list-style: none;margin: 0;padding: 0;}#secondary nav ul li{margin: 0.5em 0;}.site-footer{padding-top: 2rem;}.site-footer ul{list-style: none;margin: 0;padding: 0;}.footer-branding{display: none;}div.entry-content > span.rt-reading-time{font-weight: bold;}.blog .site-content .entry-content{display:none;}.widget.republication_tracker_tool button.republication-tracker-tool-button{background: #2978C2;}.archive.author .no-results.not-found{display:none;}.newspack-popup p{line-height: 1.2;margin-top: 12px;margin-bottom: 12px;}.newspack-popup .wp-block-media-text__content .wp-block-buttons{margin-top: 16px;}mark.has-inline-color{background-color: transparent;}</style> <noscript><style>.perfmatters-lazy[data-src]{display:none !important;}</style></noscript><style>.perfmatters-lazy-youtube{position:relative;width:100%;max-width:100%;height:0;padding-bottom:56.23%;overflow:hidden}.perfmatters-lazy-youtube img{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;display:block;width:100%;max-width:100%;height:auto;margin:auto;border:none;cursor:pointer;transition:.5s all;-webkit-transition:.5s all;-moz-transition:.5s all}.perfmatters-lazy-youtube img:hover{-webkit-filter:brightness(75%)}.perfmatters-lazy-youtube .play{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;right:auto;width:68px;height:48px;margin-left:-34px;margin-top:-24px;background:url(https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins/perfmatters/img/youtube.svg) no-repeat;background-position:center;background-size:cover;pointer-events:none;filter:grayscale(1)}.perfmatters-lazy-youtube:hover .play{filter:grayscale(0)}.perfmatters-lazy-youtube iframe{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:99}.wp-has-aspect-ratio .wp-block-embed__wrapper{position:relative;}.wp-has-aspect-ratio .perfmatters-lazy-youtube{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;padding-bottom:0}</style></head> <body class="page-template page-template-single-feature page-template-single-feature-php page page-id-121177 wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive theme-newspack-theme singular hide-homepage-title hide-page-title show-site-tagline h-nsub h-db h-ll h-sh h-stk no-sidebar has-summary" data-amp-auto-lightbox-disable> <aside id="mobile-sidebar-fallback" class="mobile-sidebar"> <button class="mobile-menu-toggle"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="20" height="20" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41L17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12z" /><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none" /></svg> Close </button> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://publicintegrity.org/"> <label for="search-form-1"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> </label> <input type="search" id="search-form-1" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" /> <button type="submit" class="search-submit"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="28" height="28" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27C15.41 12.59 16 11.11 16 9.5 16 5.91 13.09 3 9.5 3S3 5.91 3 9.5 5.91 16 9.5 16c1.61 0 3.09-.59 4.23-1.57l.27.28v.79l5 4.99L20.49 19l-4.99-5zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z" /><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none" /></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Search </span> </button> </form> <nav class="main-navigation nav1 dd-menu" aria-label="Top Menu" toolbar-target="site-navigation" toolbar="(min-width: 767px)"> <ul id="menu-nav-topics" class="main-menu"><li id="menu-item-120854" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-120854"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/democracy-mission/">DEMOCRACY</a><button aria-expanded="false" class="submenu-expand" [class]="setState120854 ? 'submenu-expand open-dropdown' : 'submenu-expand'" [aria-expanded]="setState120854 ? 'true' : 'false'" on="tap:AMP.setState( { setState120854: !setState120854 } )" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle-parent-id="toggle-120854"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.41 8.59L12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text" [text]="setState120854 ? 'Close dropdown menu' : 'Open dropdown menu'">Open dropdown menu</span> </button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-127304" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-127304"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/politics/high-courts-high-stakes/">High Courts, High Stakes</a></li> <li id="menu-item-105503" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-105503"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/inequality-poverty-opportunity/immigration/">Immigration</a></li> <li id="menu-item-117687" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-117687"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/politics/elections/who-counts/who-counts-in-voting/">Who Counts?</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-121350" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-121177 current_page_item menu-item-has-children menu-item-121350"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/economic-well-being-mission/" aria-current="page">ECONOMIC WELL-BEING</a><button aria-expanded="false" class="submenu-expand" [class]="setState121350 ? 'submenu-expand open-dropdown' : 'submenu-expand'" [aria-expanded]="setState121350 ? 'true' : 'false'" on="tap:AMP.setState( { setState121350: !setState121350 } )" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle-parent-id="toggle-121350"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.41 8.59L12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text" [text]="setState121350 ? 'Close dropdown menu' : 'Open dropdown menu'">Open dropdown menu</span> </button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-105501" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-105501"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/inequality-poverty-opportunity/workers-rights/cheated-at-work/">Cheated at work</a></li> <li id="menu-item-121351" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-121351"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/inequality-poverty-opportunity/taxes/unequal-burden/">Unequal Burden</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-119967" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-119967"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/education-mission/">EDUCATION</a><button aria-expanded="false" class="submenu-expand" [class]="setState119967 ? 'submenu-expand open-dropdown' : 'submenu-expand'" [aria-expanded]="setState119967 ? 'true' : 'false'" on="tap:AMP.setState( { setState119967: !setState119967 } )" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle-parent-id="toggle-119967"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.41 8.59L12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text" [text]="setState119967 ? 'Close dropdown menu' : 'Open dropdown menu'">Open dropdown menu</span> </button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-127303" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-127303"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/education/academic-freedom/">Academic Freedom</a></li> <li id="menu-item-117686" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-117686"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/education/unhoused-and-undercounted/">Unhoused and Undercounted</a></li> <li id="menu-item-105496" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-105496"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/education/criminalizing-kids/">Criminalizing kids</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-120420" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-120420"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/environment-mission/">ENVIRONMENT</a><button aria-expanded="false" class="submenu-expand" [class]="setState120420 ? 'submenu-expand open-dropdown' : 'submenu-expand'" [aria-expanded]="setState120420 ? 'true' : 'false'" on="tap:AMP.setState( { setState120420: !setState120420 } )" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle-parent-id="toggle-120420"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.41 8.59L12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text" [text]="setState120420 ? 'Close dropdown menu' : 'Open dropdown menu'">Open dropdown menu</span> </button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-124601" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-124601"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/environment/toxic-labor/">Toxic Labor</a></li> <li id="menu-item-120543" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-120543"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/environment/ghosts-of-polluters-past/">Ghosts of Polluters Past</a></li> <li id="menu-item-119094" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-119094"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/environment/harms-way/">Harm’s Way</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-122125" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-122125"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/health-mission/">HEALTH</a><button aria-expanded="false" class="submenu-expand" [class]="setState122125 ? 'submenu-expand open-dropdown' : 'submenu-expand'" [aria-expanded]="setState122125 ? 'true' : 'false'" on="tap:AMP.setState( { setState122125: !setState122125 } )" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle-parent-id="toggle-122125"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.41 8.59L12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text" [text]="setState122125 ? 'Close dropdown menu' : 'Open dropdown menu'">Open dropdown menu</span> </button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-118671" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-118671"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/health/health-parity/mental-health-parity-collaborative/">Mental Health Parity</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="secondary-menu nav2 dd-menu" aria-label="Secondary Menu" toolbar-target="secondary-nav-contain" toolbar="(min-width: 767px)"> <ul id="menu-nav-pages" class="secondary-menu"><li id="menu-item-35024" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-35024"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/about/">About Us</a><button aria-expanded="false" class="submenu-expand" [class]="setState35024 ? 'submenu-expand open-dropdown' : 'submenu-expand'" [aria-expanded]="setState35024 ? 'true' : 'false'" on="tap:AMP.setState( { setState35024: !setState35024 } )" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle-parent-id="toggle-35024"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.41 8.59L12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text" [text]="setState35024 ? 'Close dropdown menu' : 'Open dropdown menu'">Open dropdown menu</span> </button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-105487" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-105487"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/about/staff/">Our staff</a></li> <li id="menu-item-105488" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-105488"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/?page_id=35728">Our donors</a></li> <li id="menu-item-105489" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-105489"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/?page_id=54430">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-108030" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-108030"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/podcasts/">Podcasts</a><button aria-expanded="false" class="submenu-expand" [class]="setState108030 ? 'submenu-expand open-dropdown' : 'submenu-expand'" [aria-expanded]="setState108030 ? 'true' : 'false'" on="tap:AMP.setState( { setState108030: !setState108030 } )" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle-parent-id="toggle-108030"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.41 8.59L12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text" [text]="setState108030 ? 'Close dropdown menu' : 'Open dropdown menu'">Open dropdown menu</span> </button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-103503" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-103503"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inside-publici/integrity-out-loud/">Integrity Out Loud</a></li> <li id="menu-item-103516" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-103516"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/inequality-poverty-opportunity/the-heist/">The Heist</a><button aria-expanded="false" class="submenu-expand" [class]="setState103516 ? 'submenu-expand open-dropdown' : 'submenu-expand'" [aria-expanded]="setState103516 ? 'true' : 'false'" on="tap:AMP.setState( { setState103516: !setState103516 } )" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle-parent-id="toggle-103516"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.41 8.59L12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text" [text]="setState103516 ? 'Close dropdown menu' : 'Open dropdown menu'">Open dropdown menu</span> </button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-111201" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-111201"><a href="https://apps.publicintegrity.org/theheist/">Season 1</a></li> <li id="menu-item-111200" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-111200"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inequality-poverty-opportunity/the-heist/theheist-season2/">Season 2</a></li> <li id="menu-item-124170" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-124170"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inequality-poverty-opportunity/the-heist/theheist-season3/">Season 3</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-119920" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-has-children menu-item-119920"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inside-publici/tool-data-more-accessible-accountability-project/">Data Tools</a><button aria-expanded="false" class="submenu-expand" [class]="setState119920 ? 'submenu-expand open-dropdown' : 'submenu-expand'" [aria-expanded]="setState119920 ? 'true' : 'false'" on="tap:AMP.setState( { setState119920: !setState119920 } )" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle-parent-id="toggle-119920"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.41 8.59L12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text" [text]="setState119920 ? 'Close dropdown menu' : 'Open dropdown menu'">Open dropdown menu</span> </button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-119923" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-119923"><a target="_blank" href="https://publicaccountability.org/">The Accountability Project (TAP)</a></li> <li id="menu-item-120016" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-120016"><a target="_blank" href="https://model-legislation.apps.publicintegrity.org/">Copy, Paste, Legislate</a></li> <li id="menu-item-121360" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-121360"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/resources-signup/">Access our resources</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-104159" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-104159"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/archive/">Archive</a></li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="social-navigation" aria-label="Social Links Menu" toolbar="(min-width: 767px)" toolbar-target="social-nav-contain"> <ul id="menu-social-links" class="social-links-menu"><li id="menu-item-102676" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-102676"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/publici/"><span class="screen-reader-text">Facebook Page</span><svg class="svg-icon" width="0" height="0" aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 2C6.5 2 2 6.5 2 12c0 5 3.7 9.1 8.4 9.9v-7H7.9V12h2.5V9.8c0-2.5 1.5-3.9 3.8-3.9 1.1 0 2.2.2 2.2.2v2.5h-1.3c-1.2 0-1.6.8-1.6 1.6V12h2.8l-.4 2.9h-2.3v7C18.3 21.1 22 17 22 12c0-5.5-4.5-10-10-10z"></path></svg></a></li> <li id="menu-item-102677" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-102677"><a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/publicintegrity"><span class="screen-reader-text">Twitter</span><svg class="svg-icon" width="0" height="0" aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M22.23,5.924c-0.736,0.326-1.527,0.547-2.357,0.646c0.847-0.508,1.498-1.312,1.804-2.27 c-0.793,0.47-1.671,0.812-2.606,0.996C18.324,4.498,17.257,4,16.077,4c-2.266,0-4.103,1.837-4.103,4.103 c0,0.322,0.036,0.635,0.106,0.935C8.67,8.867,5.647,7.234,3.623,4.751C3.27,5.357,3.067,6.062,3.067,6.814 c0,1.424,0.724,2.679,1.825,3.415c-0.673-0.021-1.305-0.206-1.859-0.513c0,0.017,0,0.034,0,0.052c0,1.988,1.414,3.647,3.292,4.023 c-0.344,0.094-0.707,0.144-1.081,0.144c-0.264,0-0.521-0.026-0.772-0.074c0.522,1.63,2.038,2.816,3.833,2.85 c-1.404,1.1-3.174,1.756-5.096,1.756c-0.331,0-0.658-0.019-0.979-0.057c1.816,1.164,3.973,1.843,6.29,1.843 c7.547,0,11.675-6.252,11.675-11.675c0-0.178-0.004-0.355-0.012-0.531C20.985,7.47,21.68,6.747,22.23,5.924z"></path></svg></a></li> <li id="menu-item-102679" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-102679"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/29637/"><span class="screen-reader-text">Linkedin</span><svg class="svg-icon" width="0" height="0" aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M19.7,3H4.3C3.582,3,3,3.582,3,4.3v15.4C3,20.418,3.582,21,4.3,21h15.4c0.718,0,1.3-0.582,1.3-1.3V4.3 C21,3.582,20.418,3,19.7,3z M8.339,18.338H5.667v-8.59h2.672V18.338z M7.004,8.574c-0.857,0-1.549-0.694-1.549-1.548 c0-0.855,0.691-1.548,1.549-1.548c0.854,0,1.547,0.694,1.547,1.548C8.551,7.881,7.858,8.574,7.004,8.574z M18.339,18.338h-2.669 v-4.177c0-0.996-0.017-2.278-1.387-2.278c-1.389,0-1.601,1.086-1.601,2.206v4.249h-2.667v-8.59h2.559v1.174h0.037 c0.356-0.675,1.227-1.387,2.526-1.387c2.703,0,3.203,1.779,3.203,4.092V18.338z"></path></svg></a></li> <li id="menu-item-102678" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-102678"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.instagram.com/publicintegrity/"><span class="screen-reader-text">Instagram</span><svg class="svg-icon" width="0" height="0" aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12,4.622c2.403,0,2.688,0.009,3.637,0.052c0.877,0.04,1.354,0.187,1.671,0.31c0.42,0.163,0.72,0.358,1.035,0.673 c0.315,0.315,0.51,0.615,0.673,1.035c0.123,0.317,0.27,0.794,0.31,1.671c0.043,0.949,0.052,1.234,0.052,3.637 s-0.009,2.688-0.052,3.637c-0.04,0.877-0.187,1.354-0.31,1.671c-0.163,0.42-0.358,0.72-0.673,1.035 c-0.315,0.315-0.615,0.51-1.035,0.673c-0.317,0.123-0.794,0.27-1.671,0.31c-0.949,0.043-1.233,0.052-3.637,0.052 s-2.688-0.009-3.637-0.052c-0.877-0.04-1.354-0.187-1.671-0.31c-0.42-0.163-0.72-0.358-1.035-0.673 c-0.315-0.315-0.51-0.615-0.673-1.035c-0.123-0.317-0.27-0.794-0.31-1.671C4.631,14.688,4.622,14.403,4.622,12 s0.009-2.688,0.052-3.637c0.04-0.877,0.187-1.354,0.31-1.671c0.163-0.42,0.358-0.72,0.673-1.035 c0.315-0.315,0.615-0.51,1.035-0.673c0.317-0.123,0.794-0.27,1.671-0.31C9.312,4.631,9.597,4.622,12,4.622 M12,3 C9.556,3,9.249,3.01,8.289,3.054C7.331,3.098,6.677,3.25,6.105,3.472C5.513,3.702,5.011,4.01,4.511,4.511 c-0.5,0.5-0.808,1.002-1.038,1.594C3.25,6.677,3.098,7.331,3.054,8.289C3.01,9.249,3,9.556,3,12c0,2.444,0.01,2.751,0.054,3.711 c0.044,0.958,0.196,1.612,0.418,2.185c0.23,0.592,0.538,1.094,1.038,1.594c0.5,0.5,1.002,0.808,1.594,1.038 c0.572,0.222,1.227,0.375,2.185,0.418C9.249,20.99,9.556,21,12,21s2.751-0.01,3.711-0.054c0.958-0.044,1.612-0.196,2.185-0.418 c0.592-0.23,1.094-0.538,1.594-1.038c0.5-0.5,0.808-1.002,1.038-1.594c0.222-0.572,0.375-1.227,0.418-2.185 C20.99,14.751,21,14.444,21,12s-0.01-2.751-0.054-3.711c-0.044-0.958-0.196-1.612-0.418-2.185c-0.23-0.592-0.538-1.094-1.038-1.594 c-0.5-0.5-1.002-0.808-1.594-1.038c-0.572-0.222-1.227-0.375-2.185-0.418C14.751,3.01,14.444,3,12,3L12,3z M12,7.378 c-2.552,0-4.622,2.069-4.622,4.622S9.448,16.622,12,16.622s4.622-2.069,4.622-4.622S14.552,7.378,12,7.378z M12,15 c-1.657,0-3-1.343-3-3s1.343-3,3-3s3,1.343,3,3S13.657,15,12,15z M16.804,6.116c-0.596,0-1.08,0.484-1.08,1.08 s0.484,1.08,1.08,1.08c0.596,0,1.08-0.484,1.08-1.08S17.401,6.116,16.804,6.116z"></path></svg></a></li> <li id="menu-item-121579" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-121579"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.tiktok.com/@centerforpublicintegrity"><span class="screen-reader-text">TikTok</span><svg class="svg-icon" width="0" height="0" aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M20.3,10.1c-0.2,0-0.3,0-0.5,0c-1.8,0-3.4-0.9-4.4-2.4c0,3.7,0,7.9,0,8c0,3.3-2.6,5.9-5.9,5.9s-5.9-2.6-5.9-5.9s2.6-5.9,5.9-5.9c0.1,0,0.2,0,0.4,0v2.9c-0.1,0-0.2,0-0.4,0c-1.7,0-3,1.4-3,3s1.4,3,3,3s3.1-1.3,3.1-3c0-0.1,0-13.6,0-13.6h2.8c0.3,2.5,2.3,4.5,4.8,4.6V10.1z" /></svg></a></li> </ul> </nav> </aside> <aside id="desktop-sidebar-fallback" class="desktop-sidebar dir-right"> <button class="desktop-menu-toggle"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="20" height="20" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41L17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12z" /><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none" /></svg> Close </button> <section id="nav_menu-3" class="below-content widget widget_nav_menu"><div class="menu-nav-topics-container"><ul id="menu-nav-topics-1" class="menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-120854"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/democracy-mission/">DEMOCRACY</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-127304"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/politics/high-courts-high-stakes/">High Courts, High Stakes</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-105503"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/inequality-poverty-opportunity/immigration/">Immigration</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-117687"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/politics/elections/who-counts/who-counts-in-voting/">Who Counts?</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-121177 current_page_item menu-item-has-children menu-item-121350"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/economic-well-being-mission/" aria-current="page">ECONOMIC WELL-BEING</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-105501"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/inequality-poverty-opportunity/workers-rights/cheated-at-work/">Cheated at work</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-121351"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/inequality-poverty-opportunity/taxes/unequal-burden/">Unequal Burden</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-119967"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/education-mission/">EDUCATION</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-127303"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/education/academic-freedom/">Academic Freedom</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-117686"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/education/unhoused-and-undercounted/">Unhoused and Undercounted</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-105496"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/education/criminalizing-kids/">Criminalizing kids</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-120420"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/environment-mission/">ENVIRONMENT</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-124601"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/environment/toxic-labor/">Toxic Labor</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-120543"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/environment/ghosts-of-polluters-past/">Ghosts of Polluters Past</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-119094"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/environment/harms-way/">Harm’s Way</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-122125"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/health-mission/">HEALTH</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-118671"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/health/health-parity/mental-health-parity-collaborative/">Mental Health Parity</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul></div></section> </aside> <div id="page" class="site"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#main">Skip to content</a> <header id="masthead" class="site-header hide-header-search" [class]="searchVisible ? 'show-header-search site-header ' : 'hide-header-search site-header'"> <div class="top-header-contain desktop-only"> <div class="wrapper"> <div id="secondary-nav-contain"> <nav class="secondary-menu nav2 dd-menu" aria-label="Secondary Menu" toolbar-target="secondary-nav-contain" toolbar="(min-width: 767px)"> <ul id="menu-nav-pages-1" class="secondary-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-35024"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/about/">About Us</a><button aria-expanded="false" class="submenu-expand" [class]="setState35024 ? 'submenu-expand open-dropdown' : 'submenu-expand'" [aria-expanded]="setState35024 ? 'true' : 'false'" on="tap:AMP.setState( { setState35024: !setState35024 } )" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle-parent-id="toggle-35024"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.41 8.59L12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text" [text]="setState35024 ? 'Close dropdown menu' : 'Open dropdown menu'">Open dropdown menu</span> </button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-105487"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/about/staff/">Our staff</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-105488"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/?page_id=35728">Our donors</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-105489"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/?page_id=54430">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-108030"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/podcasts/">Podcasts</a><button aria-expanded="false" class="submenu-expand" [class]="setState108030 ? 'submenu-expand open-dropdown' : 'submenu-expand'" [aria-expanded]="setState108030 ? 'true' : 'false'" on="tap:AMP.setState( { setState108030: !setState108030 } )" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle-parent-id="toggle-108030"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.41 8.59L12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text" [text]="setState108030 ? 'Close dropdown menu' : 'Open dropdown menu'">Open dropdown menu</span> </button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-103503"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inside-publici/integrity-out-loud/">Integrity Out Loud</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-103516"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/inequality-poverty-opportunity/the-heist/">The Heist</a><button aria-expanded="false" class="submenu-expand" [class]="setState103516 ? 'submenu-expand open-dropdown' : 'submenu-expand'" [aria-expanded]="setState103516 ? 'true' : 'false'" on="tap:AMP.setState( { setState103516: !setState103516 } )" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle-parent-id="toggle-103516"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.41 8.59L12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text" [text]="setState103516 ? 'Close dropdown menu' : 'Open dropdown menu'">Open dropdown menu</span> </button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-111201"><a href="https://apps.publicintegrity.org/theheist/">Season 1</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-111200"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inequality-poverty-opportunity/the-heist/theheist-season2/">Season 2</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-124170"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inequality-poverty-opportunity/the-heist/theheist-season3/">Season 3</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-has-children menu-item-119920"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inside-publici/tool-data-more-accessible-accountability-project/">Data Tools</a><button aria-expanded="false" class="submenu-expand" [class]="setState119920 ? 'submenu-expand open-dropdown' : 'submenu-expand'" [aria-expanded]="setState119920 ? 'true' : 'false'" on="tap:AMP.setState( { setState119920: !setState119920 } )" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle-parent-id="toggle-119920"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.41 8.59L12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text" [text]="setState119920 ? 'Close dropdown menu' : 'Open dropdown menu'">Open dropdown menu</span> </button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-119923"><a target="_blank" href="https://publicaccountability.org/">The Accountability Project (TAP)</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-120016"><a target="_blank" href="https://model-legislation.apps.publicintegrity.org/">Copy, Paste, Legislate</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-121360"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/resources-signup/">Access our resources</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-104159"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/archive/">Archive</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div id="social-nav-contain"> <nav class="social-navigation" aria-label="Social Links Menu" toolbar="(min-width: 767px)" toolbar-target="social-nav-contain"> <ul id="menu-social-links-1" class="social-links-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-102676"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/publici/"><span class="screen-reader-text">Facebook Page</span><svg class="svg-icon" width="0" height="0" aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 2C6.5 2 2 6.5 2 12c0 5 3.7 9.1 8.4 9.9v-7H7.9V12h2.5V9.8c0-2.5 1.5-3.9 3.8-3.9 1.1 0 2.2.2 2.2.2v2.5h-1.3c-1.2 0-1.6.8-1.6 1.6V12h2.8l-.4 2.9h-2.3v7C18.3 21.1 22 17 22 12c0-5.5-4.5-10-10-10z"></path></svg></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-102677"><a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/publicintegrity"><span class="screen-reader-text">Twitter</span><svg class="svg-icon" width="0" height="0" aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M22.23,5.924c-0.736,0.326-1.527,0.547-2.357,0.646c0.847-0.508,1.498-1.312,1.804-2.27 c-0.793,0.47-1.671,0.812-2.606,0.996C18.324,4.498,17.257,4,16.077,4c-2.266,0-4.103,1.837-4.103,4.103 c0,0.322,0.036,0.635,0.106,0.935C8.67,8.867,5.647,7.234,3.623,4.751C3.27,5.357,3.067,6.062,3.067,6.814 c0,1.424,0.724,2.679,1.825,3.415c-0.673-0.021-1.305-0.206-1.859-0.513c0,0.017,0,0.034,0,0.052c0,1.988,1.414,3.647,3.292,4.023 c-0.344,0.094-0.707,0.144-1.081,0.144c-0.264,0-0.521-0.026-0.772-0.074c0.522,1.63,2.038,2.816,3.833,2.85 c-1.404,1.1-3.174,1.756-5.096,1.756c-0.331,0-0.658-0.019-0.979-0.057c1.816,1.164,3.973,1.843,6.29,1.843 c7.547,0,11.675-6.252,11.675-11.675c0-0.178-0.004-0.355-0.012-0.531C20.985,7.47,21.68,6.747,22.23,5.924z"></path></svg></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-102679"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/29637/"><span class="screen-reader-text">Linkedin</span><svg class="svg-icon" width="0" height="0" aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M19.7,3H4.3C3.582,3,3,3.582,3,4.3v15.4C3,20.418,3.582,21,4.3,21h15.4c0.718,0,1.3-0.582,1.3-1.3V4.3 C21,3.582,20.418,3,19.7,3z M8.339,18.338H5.667v-8.59h2.672V18.338z M7.004,8.574c-0.857,0-1.549-0.694-1.549-1.548 c0-0.855,0.691-1.548,1.549-1.548c0.854,0,1.547,0.694,1.547,1.548C8.551,7.881,7.858,8.574,7.004,8.574z M18.339,18.338h-2.669 v-4.177c0-0.996-0.017-2.278-1.387-2.278c-1.389,0-1.601,1.086-1.601,2.206v4.249h-2.667v-8.59h2.559v1.174h0.037 c0.356-0.675,1.227-1.387,2.526-1.387c2.703,0,3.203,1.779,3.203,4.092V18.338z"></path></svg></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-102678"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.instagram.com/publicintegrity/"><span class="screen-reader-text">Instagram</span><svg class="svg-icon" width="0" height="0" aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12,4.622c2.403,0,2.688,0.009,3.637,0.052c0.877,0.04,1.354,0.187,1.671,0.31c0.42,0.163,0.72,0.358,1.035,0.673 c0.315,0.315,0.51,0.615,0.673,1.035c0.123,0.317,0.27,0.794,0.31,1.671c0.043,0.949,0.052,1.234,0.052,3.637 s-0.009,2.688-0.052,3.637c-0.04,0.877-0.187,1.354-0.31,1.671c-0.163,0.42-0.358,0.72-0.673,1.035 c-0.315,0.315-0.615,0.51-1.035,0.673c-0.317,0.123-0.794,0.27-1.671,0.31c-0.949,0.043-1.233,0.052-3.637,0.052 s-2.688-0.009-3.637-0.052c-0.877-0.04-1.354-0.187-1.671-0.31c-0.42-0.163-0.72-0.358-1.035-0.673 c-0.315-0.315-0.51-0.615-0.673-1.035c-0.123-0.317-0.27-0.794-0.31-1.671C4.631,14.688,4.622,14.403,4.622,12 s0.009-2.688,0.052-3.637c0.04-0.877,0.187-1.354,0.31-1.671c0.163-0.42,0.358-0.72,0.673-1.035 c0.315-0.315,0.615-0.51,1.035-0.673c0.317-0.123,0.794-0.27,1.671-0.31C9.312,4.631,9.597,4.622,12,4.622 M12,3 C9.556,3,9.249,3.01,8.289,3.054C7.331,3.098,6.677,3.25,6.105,3.472C5.513,3.702,5.011,4.01,4.511,4.511 c-0.5,0.5-0.808,1.002-1.038,1.594C3.25,6.677,3.098,7.331,3.054,8.289C3.01,9.249,3,9.556,3,12c0,2.444,0.01,2.751,0.054,3.711 c0.044,0.958,0.196,1.612,0.418,2.185c0.23,0.592,0.538,1.094,1.038,1.594c0.5,0.5,1.002,0.808,1.594,1.038 c0.572,0.222,1.227,0.375,2.185,0.418C9.249,20.99,9.556,21,12,21s2.751-0.01,3.711-0.054c0.958-0.044,1.612-0.196,2.185-0.418 c0.592-0.23,1.094-0.538,1.594-1.038c0.5-0.5,0.808-1.002,1.038-1.594c0.222-0.572,0.375-1.227,0.418-2.185 C20.99,14.751,21,14.444,21,12s-0.01-2.751-0.054-3.711c-0.044-0.958-0.196-1.612-0.418-2.185c-0.23-0.592-0.538-1.094-1.038-1.594 c-0.5-0.5-1.002-0.808-1.594-1.038c-0.572-0.222-1.227-0.375-2.185-0.418C14.751,3.01,14.444,3,12,3L12,3z M12,7.378 c-2.552,0-4.622,2.069-4.622,4.622S9.448,16.622,12,16.622s4.622-2.069,4.622-4.622S14.552,7.378,12,7.378z M12,15 c-1.657,0-3-1.343-3-3s1.343-3,3-3s3,1.343,3,3S13.657,15,12,15z M16.804,6.116c-0.596,0-1.08,0.484-1.08,1.08 s0.484,1.08,1.08,1.08c0.596,0,1.08-0.484,1.08-1.08S17.401,6.116,16.804,6.116z"></path></svg></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-121579"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.tiktok.com/@centerforpublicintegrity"><span class="screen-reader-text">TikTok</span><svg class="svg-icon" width="0" height="0" aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M20.3,10.1c-0.2,0-0.3,0-0.5,0c-1.8,0-3.4-0.9-4.4-2.4c0,3.7,0,7.9,0,8c0,3.3-2.6,5.9-5.9,5.9s-5.9-2.6-5.9-5.9s2.6-5.9,5.9-5.9c0.1,0,0.2,0,0.4,0v2.9c-0.1,0-0.2,0-0.4,0c-1.7,0-3,1.4-3,3s1.4,3,3,3s3.1-1.3,3.1-3c0-0.1,0-13.6,0-13.6h2.8c0.3,2.5,2.3,4.5,4.8,4.6V10.1z" /></svg></a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="middle-header-contain"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="site-branding"> <style>.site-header .custom-logo{height: 52px;max-height: 261px;max-width: 600px;width: 253px;}@media (max-width: 781px){.site-header .custom-logo{max-width: 175px;max-height: 36px;}}@media (min-width: 782px){.h-stk:not(.h-sub) .site-header .custom-logo{max-height: 82px;max-width: 400px;}.h-sub .site-header .custom-logo{max-width: 200px;max-height: 41px;}}@media (max-width: 1199px) and (min-width: 782px){.h-stk.h-cl:not(.h-sub) .site-header .custom-logo{max-width: 100%;width: auto;}}</style><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home"><img data-perfmatters-preload width="1270" height="261" src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?fit=1270%2C261&ssl=1" class="custom-logo" alt="Center for Public Integrity" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?w=1270&ssl=1 1270w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?resize=300%2C62&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?resize=1024%2C210&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?resize=768%2C158&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?resize=1200%2C247&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?resize=400%2C82&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?resize=706%2C145&ssl=1 706w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?fit=1270%2C261&ssl=1&w=370 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1270px) 100vw, 1270px" /></a> <div class="site-identity"> <p class="site-title"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/" rel="home">Center for Public Integrity</a></p> <p class="site-description"> Investigating inequality </p> </div> </div> <div class="nav-wrapper desktop-only"> <div id="site-navigation"> <nav class="main-navigation nav1 dd-menu" aria-label="Top Menu" toolbar-target="site-navigation" toolbar="(min-width: 767px)"> <ul id="menu-nav-topics-2" class="main-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-120854"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/democracy-mission/">DEMOCRACY</a><button aria-expanded="false" class="submenu-expand" [class]="setState120854 ? 'submenu-expand open-dropdown' : 'submenu-expand'" [aria-expanded]="setState120854 ? 'true' : 'false'" on="tap:AMP.setState( { setState120854: !setState120854 } )" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle-parent-id="toggle-120854"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.41 8.59L12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text" [text]="setState120854 ? 'Close dropdown menu' : 'Open dropdown menu'">Open dropdown menu</span> </button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-127304"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/politics/high-courts-high-stakes/">High Courts, High Stakes</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-105503"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/inequality-poverty-opportunity/immigration/">Immigration</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-117687"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/politics/elections/who-counts/who-counts-in-voting/">Who Counts?</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-121177 current_page_item menu-item-has-children menu-item-121350"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/economic-well-being-mission/" aria-current="page">ECONOMIC WELL-BEING</a><button aria-expanded="false" class="submenu-expand" [class]="setState121350 ? 'submenu-expand open-dropdown' : 'submenu-expand'" [aria-expanded]="setState121350 ? 'true' : 'false'" on="tap:AMP.setState( { setState121350: !setState121350 } )" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle-parent-id="toggle-121350"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.41 8.59L12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text" [text]="setState121350 ? 'Close dropdown menu' : 'Open dropdown menu'">Open dropdown menu</span> </button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-105501"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/inequality-poverty-opportunity/workers-rights/cheated-at-work/">Cheated at work</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-121351"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/inequality-poverty-opportunity/taxes/unequal-burden/">Unequal Burden</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-119967"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/education-mission/">EDUCATION</a><button aria-expanded="false" class="submenu-expand" [class]="setState119967 ? 'submenu-expand open-dropdown' : 'submenu-expand'" [aria-expanded]="setState119967 ? 'true' : 'false'" on="tap:AMP.setState( { setState119967: !setState119967 } )" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle-parent-id="toggle-119967"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.41 8.59L12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text" [text]="setState119967 ? 'Close dropdown menu' : 'Open dropdown menu'">Open dropdown menu</span> </button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-127303"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/education/academic-freedom/">Academic Freedom</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-117686"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/education/unhoused-and-undercounted/">Unhoused and Undercounted</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-105496"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/education/criminalizing-kids/">Criminalizing kids</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-120420"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/environment-mission/">ENVIRONMENT</a><button aria-expanded="false" class="submenu-expand" [class]="setState120420 ? 'submenu-expand open-dropdown' : 'submenu-expand'" [aria-expanded]="setState120420 ? 'true' : 'false'" on="tap:AMP.setState( { setState120420: !setState120420 } )" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle-parent-id="toggle-120420"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.41 8.59L12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text" [text]="setState120420 ? 'Close dropdown menu' : 'Open dropdown menu'">Open dropdown menu</span> </button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-124601"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/environment/toxic-labor/">Toxic Labor</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-120543"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/environment/ghosts-of-polluters-past/">Ghosts of Polluters Past</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-119094"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/environment/harms-way/">Harm’s Way</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-122125"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/health-mission/">HEALTH</a><button aria-expanded="false" class="submenu-expand" [class]="setState122125 ? 'submenu-expand open-dropdown' : 'submenu-expand'" [aria-expanded]="setState122125 ? 'true' : 'false'" on="tap:AMP.setState( { setState122125: !setState122125 } )" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle-parent-id="toggle-122125"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.41 8.59L12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text" [text]="setState122125 ? 'Close dropdown menu' : 'Open dropdown menu'">Open dropdown menu</span> </button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post menu-item-118671"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/health/health-parity/mental-health-parity-collaborative/">Mental Health Parity</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="nav-wrapper desktop-only"> <div id="tertiary-nav-contain"> </div> <div class="header-search-contain"> <button id="search-toggle" on="tap:AMP.setState( { searchVisible: !searchVisible } ), search-form-2.focus" aria-controls="search-menu" [aria-expanded]="searchVisible ? 'true' : 'false'" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="screen-reader-text" [text]="searchVisible ? 'Close Search' : 'Open Search'"> Open Search </span> <span class="search-icon"><svg class="svg-icon" width="28" height="28" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27C15.41 12.59 16 11.11 16 9.5 16 5.91 13.09 3 9.5 3S3 5.91 3 9.5 5.91 16 9.5 16c1.61 0 3.09-.59 4.23-1.57l.27.28v.79l5 4.99L20.49 19l-4.99-5zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z" /><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none" /></svg></span> <span class="close-icon"><svg class="svg-icon" width="28" height="28" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41L17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12z" /><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none" /></svg></span> </button> <div id="header-search" [aria-expanded]="searchVisible ? 'true' : 'false'" aria-expanded="false"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://publicintegrity.org/"> <label for="search-form-2"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> </label> <input type="search" id="search-form-2" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" /> <button type="submit" class="search-submit"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="28" height="28" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27C15.41 12.59 16 11.11 16 9.5 16 5.91 13.09 3 9.5 3S3 5.91 3 9.5 5.91 16 9.5 16c1.61 0 3.09-.59 4.23-1.57l.27.28v.79l5 4.99L20.49 19l-4.99-5zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z" /><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none" /></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Search </span> </button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <button class="mobile-menu-toggle" on="tap:mobile-sidebar.toggle"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="20" height="20" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none" /><path d="M3 18h18v-2H3v2zm0-5h18v-2H3v2zm0-7v2h18V6H3z" /></svg> <span>Menu</span> </button> </div> </div> <div class="sticky-bg"></div> </header> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <section id="primary" class="content-area "> <main id="main" class="site-main"> <header class="entry-header"> </header> <div class="main-content"> <article id="post-121177" class="post-121177 page type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry entry"> <div class="entry-content"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading has-huge-font-size" id="h-uncovering-economic-inequality">Uncovering economic inequality</h2><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="alignright size-large"><img data-perfmatters-preload data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" width="780" height="780" src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=780%2C780&ssl=1" alt="Logo that says economic well-being with finance logos surrounding it." class="wp-image-121290" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=1024%2C1024&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=768%2C768&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=1536%2C1536&ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=1200%2C1200&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=800%2C800&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=600%2C600&ssl=1 600w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=200%2C200&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=1568%2C1568&ssl=1 1568w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?resize=96%2C96&ssl=1 96w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo.png?w=1584&ssl=1 1584w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Economic-well-being-logo-1024x1024.png?w=370&ssl=1 370w" sizes="(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px" /></figure></div><p class="has-small-font-size">The wealth gap between Black and white Americans is wider today than when civil rights legislation was passed in the 1960s, one glaring indicator of a society in which economic inequality in this country is tipping toward crisis. Public Integrity’s reporting confronts the discriminatory systems that have overlapped and compounded to redistribute wealth to the rich through the rules of work, access to credit, home ownership and entrepreneurship, state and federal tax policy and government subsidies.</p><div class="wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-1 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-75"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://mailchi.mp/f0f62c8b154c/education-mission-watchdog-signup-landing-page" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sign up for our newsletter</a></div></div><div style="height:39px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div><div class="wp-block-cover alignfull is-light" style="min-height:100px;aspect-ratio:unset;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim"></span><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" width="780" height="737" class="wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-119529" alt="The background is a pattern with the Public Integrity logo integrated into it. " src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=780%2C737&ssl=1" data-object-fit="cover" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?w=2000&ssl=1 2000w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=300%2C283&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=1024%2C967&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=768%2C725&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=1536%2C1451&ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=1200%2C1133&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=1568%2C1481&ssl=1 1568w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=400%2C378&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=150%2C142&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?w=370&ssl=1 370w" sizes="(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px" /><div class="wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow"><p class="has-text-align-center has-white-color has-text-color has-large-font-size"><strong>BY THE NUMBERS</strong></p> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-cover is-light" style="min-height:200px;aspect-ratio:unset;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-cover__background has-white-background-color has-background-dim-100 has-background-dim"></span><div class="wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow"><p class="has-text-align-left has-secondary-variation-color has-text-color has-huge-font-size"><strong>18%</strong></p> <p class="has-text-align-left has-secondary-variation-color has-text-color has-small-font-size">Share of income Washington state’s poorest contribute to state and local taxes, compared with 3% for the wealthy</p></div></div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-cover is-light" style="min-height:200px;aspect-ratio:unset;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-cover__background has-white-background-color has-background-dim-100 has-background-dim"></span><div class="wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow"><p class="has-text-align-left has-secondary-variation-color has-text-color has-huge-font-size"><strong>$840K </strong></p> <p class="has-text-align-left has-secondary-variation-color has-text-color has-small-font-size">How much more in net worth the average white family had in 2019 compared with the average Black family</p></div></div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-cover is-light" style="min-height:200px;aspect-ratio:unset;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-cover__background has-white-background-color has-background-dim-100 has-background-dim"></span><div class="wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow"><p class="has-text-align-left has-secondary-variation-color has-text-color has-huge-font-size"><strong>1 in 4</strong></p> <p class="has-text-align-left has-secondary-variation-color has-text-color has-small-font-size">Among employers repeatedly cited for wage theft, the share the federal government ultimately fined from 2005 to 2020</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="height:100px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div><h3 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-center" id="h-in-depth-investigations" style="text-transform:uppercase">IN-DEPTH investigations</h3><div class="wp-block-group"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"><div class="wp-block-group has-light-gray-background-color has-background"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"><div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-carousel slides-per-view-1 wpnbpc" id="wp-block-newspack-carousel__1" data-current-post-id=103389 data-slides-per-view=1 data-slide-count=5 data-aspect-ratio=0.75><div class="swiper"><div class="swiper-wrapper"> <article data-post-id="122197" class="post-has-image swiper-slide category-unequal-burden partner-mother-jones type-post post"> <figure class="post-thumbnail"> <a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inequality-poverty-opportunity/taxes/unequal-burden/state-tax-systems-contribute-to-inequality-these-states-are-doubling-down/" rel="bookmark" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <img decoding="async" width="780" height="520" src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/taxing-the-wealthy1.jpg?fit=780%2C520&ssl=1" class="image-fit-contain wp-post-image" alt="State tax systems contribute to inequality. These states are doubling down." object-fit="contain" layout="fill" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/taxing-the-wealthy1.jpg?w=1800&ssl=1 1800w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/taxing-the-wealthy1.jpg?resize=300%2C200&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/taxing-the-wealthy1.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/taxing-the-wealthy1.jpg?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/taxing-the-wealthy1.jpg?resize=1536%2C1024&ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/taxing-the-wealthy1.jpg?resize=1200%2C800&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/taxing-the-wealthy1.jpg?resize=1568%2C1045&ssl=1 1568w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/taxing-the-wealthy1.jpg?resize=400%2C267&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/taxing-the-wealthy1.jpg?resize=706%2C471&ssl=1 706w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/taxing-the-wealthy1.jpg?resize=150%2C100&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/taxing-the-wealthy1.jpg?fit=780%2C520&ssl=1&w=370 370w" sizes="(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="entry-wrapper"> <h3 class="entry-title"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inequality-poverty-opportunity/taxes/unequal-burden/state-tax-systems-contribute-to-inequality-these-states-are-doubling-down/" rel="bookmark">State tax systems contribute to inequality. These states are doubling down.</a></h3> <div class="entry-meta"> </div> </div> </article> <article data-post-id="122322" class="post-has-image swiper-slide category-taxes category-unequal-burden partner-mother-jones type-post post"> <figure class="post-thumbnail"> <a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inequality-poverty-opportunity/taxes/unequal-burden/the-long-struggle-over-taxing-the-rich/" rel="bookmark" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <img decoding="async" width="780" height="520" src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/GettyImages-1256734986-scaled.jpg?fit=780%2C520&ssl=1" class="image-fit-contain wp-post-image" alt="The long struggle over taxing the rich" object-fit="contain" layout="fill" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/GettyImages-1256734986-scaled.jpg?w=2560&ssl=1 2560w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/GettyImages-1256734986-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C200&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/GettyImages-1256734986-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C683&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/GettyImages-1256734986-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C512&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/GettyImages-1256734986-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C1024&ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/GettyImages-1256734986-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1365&ssl=1 2048w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/GettyImages-1256734986-scaled.jpg?resize=1200%2C800&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/GettyImages-1256734986-scaled.jpg?resize=1568%2C1045&ssl=1 1568w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/GettyImages-1256734986-scaled.jpg?resize=400%2C267&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/GettyImages-1256734986-scaled.jpg?resize=706%2C471&ssl=1 706w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/GettyImages-1256734986-scaled.jpg?resize=150%2C100&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/GettyImages-1256734986-scaled.jpg?w=2340&ssl=1 2340w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/GettyImages-1256734986-scaled.jpg?fit=780%2C520&ssl=1&w=370 370w" sizes="(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="entry-wrapper"> <h3 class="entry-title"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inequality-poverty-opportunity/taxes/unequal-burden/the-long-struggle-over-taxing-the-rich/" rel="bookmark">The long struggle over taxing the rich</a></h3> <div class="entry-meta"> </div> </div> </article> <article data-post-id="117603" class="post-has-image swiper-slide category-economic-well-being category-integrity-out-loud category-labor partner-newsy type-post post"> <figure class="post-thumbnail"> <a href="https://publicintegrity.org/labor/female-drivers-attacked-behind-the-wheel/" rel="bookmark" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <img decoding="async" width="780" height="594" src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Trucker-story-illustration-scaled.jpg?fit=780%2C594&ssl=1" class="image-fit-contain wp-post-image" alt="Attacked behind the wheel" object-fit="contain" layout="fill" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Trucker-story-illustration-scaled.jpg?w=2560&ssl=1 2560w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Trucker-story-illustration-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C228&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Trucker-story-illustration-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C780&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Trucker-story-illustration-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C585&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Trucker-story-illustration-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C1169&ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Trucker-story-illustration-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1559&ssl=1 2048w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Trucker-story-illustration-scaled.jpg?resize=1200%2C914&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Trucker-story-illustration-scaled.jpg?resize=1568%2C1194&ssl=1 1568w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Trucker-story-illustration-scaled.jpg?resize=400%2C305&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Trucker-story-illustration-scaled.jpg?resize=150%2C114&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Trucker-story-illustration-scaled.jpg?w=2340&ssl=1 2340w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Trucker-story-illustration-scaled.jpg?fit=780%2C594&ssl=1&w=370 370w" sizes="(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="entry-wrapper"> <h3 class="entry-title"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/labor/female-drivers-attacked-behind-the-wheel/" rel="bookmark">Attacked behind the wheel</a></h3> <div class="entry-meta"> </div> </div> </article> <article data-post-id="98758" class="post-has-image swiper-slide category-cheated-at-work category-inequality-poverty-opportunity partner-associated-press partner-univision type-post post"> <figure class="post-thumbnail"> <a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inequality-poverty-opportunity/workers-rights/cheated-at-work/ripping-off-workers-with-no-consequences/" rel="bookmark" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <img decoding="async" width="780" height="390" src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/wage-theft-scaled.jpg?fit=780%2C390&ssl=1" class="image-fit-contain wp-post-image" alt="Ripping off workers without consequences" object-fit="contain" layout="fill" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/wage-theft-scaled.jpg?w=2560&ssl=1 2560w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/wage-theft-scaled.jpg?resize=706%2C353&ssl=1 706w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/wage-theft-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C150&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/wage-theft-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C512&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/wage-theft-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C384&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/wage-theft-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C768&ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/wage-theft-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1024&ssl=1 2048w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/wage-theft-scaled.jpg?w=2340&ssl=1 2340w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/wage-theft-scaled.jpg?fit=780%2C390&ssl=1&w=370 370w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/wage-theft-scaled.jpg?fit=780%2C390&ssl=1&w=400 400w" sizes="(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="entry-wrapper"> <h3 class="entry-title"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inequality-poverty-opportunity/workers-rights/cheated-at-work/ripping-off-workers-with-no-consequences/" rel="bookmark">Ripping off workers without consequences</a></h3> <div class="entry-meta"> </div> </div> </article> <article data-post-id="103389" class="post-has-image swiper-slide category-inequality-poverty-opportunity category-the-heist type-post post"> <figure class="post-thumbnail"> <a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inequality-poverty-opportunity/the-heist/theheist-season2/" rel="bookmark" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <img decoding="async" width="780" height="780" src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Final-heist-logo-season-2-with-logos-scaled.jpg?fit=780%2C780&ssl=1" class="image-fit-contain wp-post-image" alt="The Heist: Season 2" object-fit="contain" layout="fill" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Final-heist-logo-season-2-with-logos-scaled.jpg?w=2560&ssl=1 2560w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Final-heist-logo-season-2-with-logos-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Final-heist-logo-season-2-with-logos-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C1024&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Final-heist-logo-season-2-with-logos-scaled.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Final-heist-logo-season-2-with-logos-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C768&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Final-heist-logo-season-2-with-logos-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C1536&ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Final-heist-logo-season-2-with-logos-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C2048&ssl=1 2048w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Final-heist-logo-season-2-with-logos-scaled.jpg?resize=1200%2C1200&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Final-heist-logo-season-2-with-logos-scaled.jpg?resize=800%2C800&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Final-heist-logo-season-2-with-logos-scaled.jpg?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Final-heist-logo-season-2-with-logos-scaled.jpg?resize=200%2C200&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Final-heist-logo-season-2-with-logos-scaled.jpg?resize=1568%2C1567&ssl=1 1568w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Final-heist-logo-season-2-with-logos-scaled.jpg?resize=96%2C96&ssl=1 96w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Final-heist-logo-season-2-with-logos-scaled.jpg?w=2340&ssl=1 2340w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Final-heist-logo-season-2-with-logos-scaled.jpg?fit=780%2C780&ssl=1&w=370 370w" sizes="(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px" /> </a> </figure> <div class="entry-wrapper"> <h3 class="entry-title"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inequality-poverty-opportunity/the-heist/theheist-season2/" rel="bookmark">The Heist: Season 2</a></h3> <div class="entry-meta"> </div> </div> </article> </div><button class="swiper-button swiper-button-prev" aria-label="Previous Slide" ></button><button class="swiper-button swiper-button-next" aria-label="Next Slide" ></button></div><div class="swiper-pagination-bullets" ><button option="0" class="swiper-pagination-bullet" aria-label="Go to slide 1" selected></button><button option="1" class="swiper-pagination-bullet" aria-label="Go to slide 2" ></button><button option="2" class="swiper-pagination-bullet" aria-label="Go to slide 3" ></button><button option="3" class="swiper-pagination-bullet" aria-label="Go to slide 4" ></button><button option="4" class="swiper-pagination-bullet" aria-label="Go to slide 5" ></button></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="height:41px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div><div class="wp-block-cover alignfull" style="min-height:200px;aspect-ratio:unset;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-70 has-background-dim"></span><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" width="780" height="737" class="wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-119529" alt="The background is a pattern with the Public Integrity logo integrated into it. " src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=780%2C737&ssl=1" data-object-fit="cover" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?w=2000&ssl=1 2000w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=300%2C283&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=1024%2C967&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=768%2C725&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=1536%2C1451&ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=1200%2C1133&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=1568%2C1481&ssl=1 1568w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=400%2C378&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=150%2C142&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?w=370&ssl=1 370w" sizes="(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px" /><div class="wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow"><p class="has-text-align-center has-large-font-size"><strong>TAKE ACTION IN YOUR COMMUNITY</strong></p> <div class="wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-2 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-cover is-light has-custom-content-position is-position-top-center" style="padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);min-height:200px;aspect-ratio:unset;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-cover__background has-light-gray-background-color has-background-dim-100 has-background-dim"></span><div class="wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-2 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://publicintegrity.org/inside-publici/newsletters/watchdog-newsletter/data-behind-cheated-at-work-available/"><strong>THE RECEIPTS</strong></a></div></div> <p class="has-text-align-center has-small-font-size">We made public a dataset showing employers the federal government investigated for wrongfully underpaying workers.</p></div></div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-cover is-light has-custom-content-position is-position-top-center" style="padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);min-height:200px;aspect-ratio:unset;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-cover__background has-light-gray-background-color has-background-dim-100 has-background-dim"></span><div class="wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-3 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://publicintegrity.org/inequality-poverty-opportunity/the-heist/racist-history-wealth-gap-redlining-maps/"><strong>THE IMPACT</strong></a></div></div> <p class="has-text-align-center has-small-font-size">We wanted to see how discrimination shaped one city. Here’s how you can get answers about your own community.</p></div></div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-cover is-light has-custom-content-position is-position-top-center" style="padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);min-height:200px;aspect-ratio:unset;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-cover__background has-light-gray-background-color has-background-dim-100 has-background-dim"></span><div class="wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-4 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://publicintegrity.org/education/unhoused-and-undercounted/schools-must-help-homeless-children/"><strong>NEED TO KNOW</strong></a></div></div> <p class="has-text-align-center has-small-font-size">What are your rights as a homeless student?</p></div></div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-cover is-light has-custom-content-position is-position-top-center" style="padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);min-height:200px;aspect-ratio:unset;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-cover__background has-light-gray-background-color has-background-dim-100 has-background-dim"></span><div class="wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-5 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="mailto:media@publicintegrity.org"><strong>CONTACT US</strong></a></div></div> <p class="has-text-align-center has-small-font-size">Questions about our economic <br>well-being stories or coverage? Email media@publicintegrity.org.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div style="height:41px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div><div class="wp-block-group is-style-default has-light-gray-background-color has-background"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"><h5 class="wp-block-heading has-medium-gray-color has-text-color" id="h-video">VIDEO</h5> <div class="wp-block-group"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"><figure class="wp-block-video"><video controls class="perfmatters-lazy" data-src="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/State-taxation-video.mp4" data-poster="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Taxation-video-screenshot.png"></video><noscript><video controls poster="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Taxation-video-screenshot.png" src="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/State-taxation-video.mp4"></video></noscript><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">(Video by Next Day Animation for the Center for Public Integrity)</figcaption></figure> <p>All but a handful of states make poor residents contribute a greater share of their income to taxes than wealthy people do, making inequality worse instead of better. <a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inequality-poverty-opportunity/taxes/unequal-burden/taxes-inequality-worse-progressive-tax/">Read more…</a></p></div></div></div></div><h5 class="wp-block-heading has-medium-gray-color has-text-color" id="h-more-on-economic-well-being">MORE ON ECONOMIC WELL-BEING</h5><div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles wpnbha is-grid columns-3 colgap-3 show-image image-aligntop ts-3 is-3 is-landscape has-text-align-left" style="" > <style id="newspack-blocks-inline-css" type="text/css">.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles article .entry-title{font-size: 1.2em;}.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles .entry-meta{display: flex;flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;margin-top: 0.5em;}.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles article .entry-meta{font-size: 0.8em;}.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles article .avatar{height: 25px;width: 25px;}.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles .post-thumbnail{margin: 0;margin-bottom: 0.25em;}.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles .post-thumbnail img{height: auto;width: 100%;}.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles .post-thumbnail figcaption{margin-bottom: 0.5em;}.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles p{margin: 0.5em 0;}.wpnbha.ts-3 .entry-title{font-size: 1em}.wpnbha.ts-3 article .newspack-post-subtitle,.wpnbha.ts-3 article .entry-wrapper p,.wpnbha.ts-3 article .entry-wrapper .more-link,.wpnbha.ts-3 article .entry-meta{font-size: 0.8em;}.newspack-post-subtitle--in-homepage-block{margin-top: 0.3em;margin-bottom: 0;line-height: 1.4;font-style: italic;}</style> <div data-posts data-current-post-id="121177"> <article data-post-id="118437" class="category-economic-well-being category-integrity-out-loud category-unequal-burden type-post post-has-image" > <figure class="post-thumbnail"> <a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inequality-poverty-opportunity/taxes/unequal-burden/tribes-need-tax-revenue-states-keep-taking-it/" rel="bookmark" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <img decoding="async" width="1200" height="900" src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2022-11-13_Teresa-Rutherford4_CPI_SSD-scaled.jpg?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1" class="attachment-newspack-article-block-landscape-large size-newspack-article-block-landscape-large wp-post-image" alt="Tribes need tax revenue. States keep taking it." data-hero-candidate="1" loading="none" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2022-11-13_Teresa-Rutherford4_CPI_SSD-scaled.jpg?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2022-11-13_Teresa-Rutherford4_CPI_SSD-scaled.jpg?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2022-11-13_Teresa-Rutherford4_CPI_SSD-scaled.jpg?resize=400%2C300&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2022-11-13_Teresa-Rutherford4_CPI_SSD-scaled.jpg?resize=200%2C150&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2022-11-13_Teresa-Rutherford4_CPI_SSD-scaled.jpg?zoom=2&resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1 2400w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/2022-11-13_Teresa-Rutherford4_CPI_SSD-scaled.jpg?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1&w=370 370w" sizes="(min-width: 782px) 400px, (min-width: 600px) 42.5vw, 90vw" /> </a> </figure> <div class="entry-wrapper"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inequality-poverty-opportunity/taxes/unequal-burden/tribes-need-tax-revenue-states-keep-taking-it/" rel="bookmark">Tribes need tax revenue. States keep taking it.</a></h2> <div class="newspack-post-subtitle newspack-post-subtitle--in-homepage-block"> State and local governments often tax economic activity on tribal land, reducing what tribes can collect to fund services for their citizens. It’s the latest variation on centuries of wealth extraction. </div> </div> </article> <article data-post-id="121079" class="category-economic-well-being category-labor category-watchdog-newsletter type-post post-has-image" > <figure class="post-thumbnail"> <a href="https://publicintegrity.org/labor/forcing-to-work-food-stamps-harmful/" rel="bookmark" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <img decoding="async" width="1200" height="900" src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/GettyImages-1487129213-scaled.jpg?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1" class="attachment-newspack-article-block-landscape-large size-newspack-article-block-landscape-large wp-post-image" alt="Forcing more people to work for food stamps is harmful" data-hero-candidate="1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/GettyImages-1487129213-scaled.jpg?w=2560&ssl=1 2560w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/GettyImages-1487129213-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C225&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/GettyImages-1487129213-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C768&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/GettyImages-1487129213-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C576&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/GettyImages-1487129213-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C1152&ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/GettyImages-1487129213-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1536&ssl=1 2048w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/GettyImages-1487129213-scaled.jpg?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/GettyImages-1487129213-scaled.jpg?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/GettyImages-1487129213-scaled.jpg?resize=600%2C450&ssl=1 600w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/GettyImages-1487129213-scaled.jpg?resize=400%2C300&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/GettyImages-1487129213-scaled.jpg?resize=200%2C150&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/GettyImages-1487129213-scaled.jpg?resize=1568%2C1176&ssl=1 1568w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/GettyImages-1487129213-scaled.jpg?resize=150%2C113&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/GettyImages-1487129213-scaled.jpg?w=2340&ssl=1 2340w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/GettyImages-1487129213-scaled.jpg?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1&w=370 370w" sizes="(min-width: 782px) 400px, (min-width: 600px) 42.5vw, 90vw" /> </a> </figure> <div class="entry-wrapper"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/labor/forcing-to-work-food-stamps-harmful/" rel="bookmark">Forcing more people to work for food stamps is harmful</a></h2> <div class="newspack-post-subtitle newspack-post-subtitle--in-homepage-block"> “At the very least, SNAP participation does not appear to impact employment nor serve as a disincentive to work,” one researcher wrote. </div> </div> </article> <article data-post-id="111986" class="category-economic-well-being category-housing partner-washington-informer type-post post-has-image" > <figure class="post-thumbnail"> <a href="https://publicintegrity.org/housing/dc-housing-program-priority-repairs-take-years/" rel="bookmark" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <img decoding="async" width="1200" height="900" src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Sara-Meacham-scaled.jpg?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1" class="attachment-newspack-article-block-landscape-large size-newspack-article-block-landscape-large wp-post-image" alt="This D.C. housing program is a ‘top priority.’ Why do repairs take years?" data-hero-candidate="1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Sara-Meacham-scaled.jpg?w=2560&ssl=1 2560w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Sara-Meacham-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C225&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Sara-Meacham-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C768&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Sara-Meacham-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C576&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Sara-Meacham-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C1152&ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Sara-Meacham-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C1536&ssl=1 2048w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Sara-Meacham-scaled.jpg?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Sara-Meacham-scaled.jpg?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Sara-Meacham-scaled.jpg?resize=400%2C300&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Sara-Meacham-scaled.jpg?resize=200%2C150&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Sara-Meacham-scaled.jpg?resize=1568%2C1176&ssl=1 1568w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Sara-Meacham-scaled.jpg?resize=150%2C113&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Sara-Meacham-scaled.jpg?w=2340&ssl=1 2340w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/Sara-Meacham-scaled.jpg?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1&w=370 370w" sizes="(min-width: 782px) 400px, (min-width: 600px) 42.5vw, 90vw" /> </a> </figure> <div class="entry-wrapper"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/housing/dc-housing-program-priority-repairs-take-years/" rel="bookmark">This D.C. housing program is a ‘top priority.’ Why do repairs take years?</a></h2> <div class="newspack-post-subtitle newspack-post-subtitle--in-homepage-block"> The Department of Housing and Community Development’s effort is designed to keep low-income residents in their houses. Some homeowners watch damages get worse. Others die waiting for fixes. </div> </div> </article> </div> </div><div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles wpnbha is-grid columns-3 colgap-3 show-image image-aligntop ts-3 is-3 is-landscape has-text-align-left" style="" > <div data-posts data-current-post-id="121177"> <article data-post-id="120455" class="category-economic-well-being category-inequality-poverty-opportunity category-taxes category-unequal-burden category-watchdog-newsletter type-post post-has-image" > <figure class="post-thumbnail"> <a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inequality-poverty-opportunity/taxes/unequal-burden/if-youre-black-saying-i-do-can-increase-your-taxes/" rel="bookmark" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <img decoding="async" width="1200" height="900" src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/GettyImages-1237757717.jpg?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1" class="attachment-newspack-article-block-landscape-large size-newspack-article-block-landscape-large wp-post-image" alt="If you’re Black, saying ‘I do’ can increase your taxes" data-hero-candidate="1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/GettyImages-1237757717.jpg?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/GettyImages-1237757717.jpg?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/GettyImages-1237757717.jpg?resize=600%2C450&ssl=1 600w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/GettyImages-1237757717.jpg?resize=400%2C300&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/GettyImages-1237757717.jpg?resize=200%2C150&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/GettyImages-1237757717.jpg?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1&w=370 370w" sizes="(min-width: 782px) 400px, (min-width: 600px) 42.5vw, 90vw" /> </a> </figure> <div class="entry-wrapper"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inequality-poverty-opportunity/taxes/unequal-burden/if-youre-black-saying-i-do-can-increase-your-taxes/" rel="bookmark">If you’re Black, saying ‘I do’ can increase your taxes</a></h2> <div class="newspack-post-subtitle newspack-post-subtitle--in-homepage-block"> A recent study shows racial disparities in the way the federal tax code handles marriage. </div> </div> </article> <article data-post-id="121006" class="category-economic-well-being category-inequality-poverty-opportunity category-watchdog-newsletter type-post post-has-image" > <figure class="post-thumbnail"> <a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inequality-poverty-opportunity/pondering-state-reparations-for-tribes-a-council-documents-history-of-harms/" rel="bookmark" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <img decoding="async" width="1200" height="900" src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/GettyImages-1321913910-scaled.jpg?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1" class="attachment-newspack-article-block-landscape-large size-newspack-article-block-landscape-large wp-post-image" alt="Pondering state reparations for tribes, a council documents history of harms" data-hero-candidate="1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/GettyImages-1321913910-scaled.jpg?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/GettyImages-1321913910-scaled.jpg?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/GettyImages-1321913910-scaled.jpg?resize=600%2C450&ssl=1 600w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/GettyImages-1321913910-scaled.jpg?resize=400%2C300&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/GettyImages-1321913910-scaled.jpg?resize=200%2C150&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/GettyImages-1321913910-scaled.jpg?zoom=2&resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1 2400w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/GettyImages-1321913910-scaled.jpg?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1&w=370 370w" sizes="(min-width: 782px) 400px, (min-width: 600px) 42.5vw, 90vw" /> </a> </figure> <div class="entry-wrapper"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inequality-poverty-opportunity/pondering-state-reparations-for-tribes-a-council-documents-history-of-harms/" rel="bookmark">Pondering state reparations for tribes, a council documents history of harms</a></h2> <div class="newspack-post-subtitle newspack-post-subtitle--in-homepage-block"> As discussions about reparations mount nationwide, a Truth and Healing commission examines California’s state-sanctioned ‘violence, discrimination and exploitation’ of Indigenous people. It could set the stage for other states. </div> </div> </article> <article data-post-id="120551" class="category-immigration category-labor category-watchdog-newsletter type-post post-has-image" > <figure class="post-thumbnail"> <a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inequality-poverty-opportunity/immigration/how-u-s-policy-drives-childhood-migration-into-dangerous-jobs/" rel="bookmark" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true"> <img decoding="async" width="1200" height="900" src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/GettyImages-982169256-scaled.jpg?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1" class="attachment-newspack-article-block-landscape-large size-newspack-article-block-landscape-large wp-post-image" alt="How U.S. policy drives child migrants into dangerous jobs" data-hero-candidate="1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/GettyImages-982169256-scaled.jpg?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/GettyImages-982169256-scaled.jpg?resize=800%2C600&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/GettyImages-982169256-scaled.jpg?resize=600%2C450&ssl=1 600w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/GettyImages-982169256-scaled.jpg?resize=400%2C300&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/GettyImages-982169256-scaled.jpg?resize=200%2C150&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/GettyImages-982169256-scaled.jpg?zoom=2&resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1 2400w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/GettyImages-982169256-scaled.jpg?resize=1200%2C900&ssl=1&w=370 370w" sizes="(min-width: 782px) 400px, (min-width: 600px) 42.5vw, 90vw" /> </a> </figure> <div class="entry-wrapper"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inequality-poverty-opportunity/immigration/how-u-s-policy-drives-childhood-migration-into-dangerous-jobs/" rel="bookmark">How U.S. policy drives child migrants into dangerous jobs</a></h2> <div class="newspack-post-subtitle newspack-post-subtitle--in-homepage-block"> “I hope people ask themselves whose childhoods in this country matter because…childhood is becoming a racially exclusive concept and that’s unacceptable.” — Ivón Padilla-Rodríguez. </div> </div> </article> </div> </div><div class="wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-6 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-50"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://publicintegrity.org/topics/economic-well-being/">Read more economic well-being stories</a></div></div><div style="height:40px" aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-spacer"></div><div class="wp-block-cover alignfull" style="min-height:300px;aspect-ratio:unset;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim-70 has-background-dim"></span><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" width="780" height="737" class="wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-119529" alt="The background is a pattern with the Public Integrity logo integrated into it. " src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=780%2C737&ssl=1" data-object-fit="cover" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?w=2000&ssl=1 2000w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=300%2C283&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=1024%2C967&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=768%2C725&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=1536%2C1451&ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=1200%2C1133&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=1568%2C1481&ssl=1 1568w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=400%2C378&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?resize=150%2C142&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/CPI-logo-background-1.jpg?w=370&ssl=1 370w" sizes="(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px" /><div class="wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow"><p class="has-text-align-center has-large-font-size"><strong>COLLABORATE WITH US</strong></p> <div class="wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-cover is-light" style="min-height:200px;aspect-ratio:unset;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-cover__background has-light-gray-background-color has-background-dim-100 has-background-dim"></span><div class="wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-7 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://publicintegrity.org/about/republishing-our-stories/"><strong>REPUBLISH OUR WORK</strong></a></div></div> <p class="has-text-align-center has-small-font-size">Interested in our stories? Read how to republish our work and our guidelines. </p></div></div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-cover is-light" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);min-height:200px;aspect-ratio:unset;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-cover__background has-light-gray-background-color has-background-dim-100 has-background-dim"></span><div class="wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-8 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="mailto:media@publicintegrity.org"><strong>PARTNER WITH US</strong></a></div></div> <p class="has-text-align-center has-small-font-size">Are you a journalist? Join our email list for opportunities to partner with us.</p></div></div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-cover is-light" style="min-height:200px;aspect-ratio:unset;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-cover__background has-white-background-color has-background-dim-100 has-background-dim"></span><div class="wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-9 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="https://checkout.fundjournalism.org/memberform?org_id=cpi&campaign=7015G0000013vfoQAA"><strong>FUND OUR WORK</strong></a></div></div> <p class="has-text-align-center has-small-font-size">Our work is possible thanks to support from people like you. Here is how to donate. </p></div></div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-cover is-light" style="padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);min-height:200px;aspect-ratio:unset;"><span aria-hidden="true" class="wp-block-cover__background has-light-gray-background-color has-background-dim-100 has-background-dim"></span><div class="wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-cover-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-10 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-button"><a class="wp-block-button__link wp-element-button" href="mailto:media@publicintegrity.org" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><strong>CONTACT US</strong></a></div></div> <p class="has-text-align-center has-small-font-size">Interested in collaborating or have questions about how to use our investigations? Email us. </p></div></div></div></div></div></div><h5 class="wp-block-heading has-medium-gray-color has-text-color" id="h-our-impact" style="padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)">OUR IMPACT</h5><div class="wp-block-group newspack-pattern homepage-posts__style-3"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-columns is-style-borders is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-4 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles wpnbha ts-3 has-text-align-left" style="" > <div data-posts data-current-post-id="121177"> <article data-post-id="119030" class="category-cheated-at-work category-economic-well-being category-immigration type-post post-has-image" > <div class="entry-wrapper"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inequality-poverty-opportunity/immigration/new-dhs-policy-provide-protections-to-undocumented-whistleblowers/" rel="bookmark">New DHS policy protects undocumented whistleblowers</a></h2> <p>Undocumented immigrants enduring abuses from employers such as wage theft, safety infractions and gender discrimination can now obtain deportation relief when they report workplace violations to a government agency, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security recently announced.…</p> <a class="more-link" href="https://publicintegrity.org/inequality-poverty-opportunity/immigration/new-dhs-policy-provide-protections-to-undocumented-whistleblowers/" rel="bookmark"> Keep reading </a> </div> </article> </div> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles wpnbha ts-3 has-text-align-left" style="" > <div data-posts data-current-post-id="121177"> <article data-post-id="119715" class="category-education category-unhoused-and-undercounted category-watchdog-newsletter type-post post-has-image" > <div class="entry-wrapper"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/education/unhoused-and-undercounted/funding-decisions-often-shortchange-homeless-students/" rel="bookmark">Funding decisions often shortchange homeless students</a></h2> <p>Federal funding to support homeless students often comes up short. Before the pandemic, it amounted to about $60 annually per identified homeless student nationwide, according to a Center for Public Integrity investigation in partnership with The Seattle Times, Street Sense…</p> <a class="more-link" href="https://publicintegrity.org/education/unhoused-and-undercounted/funding-decisions-often-shortchange-homeless-students/" rel="bookmark"> Keep reading </a> </div> </article> </div> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles wpnbha ts-3 has-text-align-left" style="" > <div data-posts data-current-post-id="121177"> <article data-post-id="120856" class="category-inside-publici type-post post-has-image" > <div class="entry-wrapper"> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/inside-publici/public-integrity-podcast-heist-peabody/" rel="bookmark">Public Integrity podcast nominated for a Peabody Award</a></h2> <p>A Center for Public Integrity podcast about one woman’s quest to chip away at an enduring American injustice has been nominated for a Peabody Award. “The Wealth Vortex” season of The Heist podcast, in partnership with Transmitter Media, is among 60 nominees selected from nearly 1,300…</p> <a class="more-link" href="https://publicintegrity.org/inside-publici/public-integrity-podcast-heist-peabody/" rel="bookmark"> Keep reading </a> </div> </article> </div> </div></div></div></div></div><div class="wp-block-group alignfull has-light-gray-background-color has-background"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"><h4 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-medium-gray-color has-text-color" id="h-recent-partners">RECENT PARTNERS</h4> <div class="wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-5 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-image"><figure class="alignleft size-full"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" width="700" height="119" src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/word-in-black-logo.png?resize=700%2C119&ssl=1" alt="" class="wp-image-111630" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/word-in-black-logo.png?w=700&ssl=1 700w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/word-in-black-logo.png?resize=300%2C51&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/word-in-black-logo.png?resize=400%2C68&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/word-in-black-logo.png?resize=150%2C26&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/word-in-black-logo.png?w=370&ssl=1 370w" sizes="(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" /></figure></div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" width="602" height="302" src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/logo-ap.png?resize=602%2C302&ssl=1" alt="" class="wp-image-35012" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/logo-ap.png?w=602&ssl=1 602w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/logo-ap.png?resize=300%2C150&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/logo-ap.png?w=370&ssl=1 370w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/logo-ap.png?w=400&ssl=1 400w" sizes="(max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px" /></figure></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" width="500" height="281" src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/USA-Today-logo-500x281-1.png?resize=500%2C281&ssl=1" alt="USA Today logo" class="wp-image-111210" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/USA-Today-logo-500x281-1.png?w=500&ssl=1 500w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/USA-Today-logo-500x281-1.png?resize=300%2C169&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/USA-Today-logo-500x281-1.png?resize=400%2C225&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/USA-Today-logo-500x281-1.png?resize=150%2C84&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/USA-Today-logo-500x281-1.png?w=370&ssl=1 370w" sizes="(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /></figure></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" width="780" height="288" src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Washington-Informer-LOGO-2-C-2.jpg?resize=780%2C288&ssl=1" alt="" class="wp-image-112154" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Washington-Informer-LOGO-2-C-2-scaled.jpg?resize=1024%2C378&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Washington-Informer-LOGO-2-C-2-scaled.jpg?resize=300%2C111&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Washington-Informer-LOGO-2-C-2-scaled.jpg?resize=768%2C284&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Washington-Informer-LOGO-2-C-2-scaled.jpg?resize=1536%2C567&ssl=1 1536w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Washington-Informer-LOGO-2-C-2-scaled.jpg?resize=2048%2C756&ssl=1 2048w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Washington-Informer-LOGO-2-C-2-scaled.jpg?resize=1200%2C443&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Washington-Informer-LOGO-2-C-2-scaled.jpg?resize=1568%2C579&ssl=1 1568w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Washington-Informer-LOGO-2-C-2-scaled.jpg?resize=400%2C148&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Washington-Informer-LOGO-2-C-2-scaled.jpg?resize=150%2C55&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Washington-Informer-LOGO-2-C-2-scaled.jpg?w=2340&ssl=1 2340w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Washington-Informer-LOGO-2-C-2-1024x378.jpg?w=370&ssl=1 370w" sizes="(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px" /></figure></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" width="245" height="110" src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Indian-Country-Today-ICT-logo.png?resize=245%2C110&ssl=1" alt="Indian Country Today logo uses the initials ICT." class="wp-image-120321" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Indian-Country-Today-ICT-logo.png?w=245&ssl=1 245w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Indian-Country-Today-ICT-logo.png?resize=150%2C67&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Indian-Country-Today-ICT-logo.png?w=370&ssl=1 370w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Indian-Country-Today-ICT-logo.png?w=400&ssl=1 400w" sizes="(max-width: 245px) 100vw, 245px" /></figure></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><figure class="wp-block-image size-full is-resized"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Univision-logo-no-background.png?resize=104%2C107&ssl=1" alt="Univision logo" class="wp-image-119740" style="width:104px;height:107px" width="104" height="107" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Univision-logo-no-background.png?w=508&ssl=1 508w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Univision-logo-no-background.png?resize=291%2C300&ssl=1 291w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Univision-logo-no-background.png?resize=400%2C412&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Univision-logo-no-background.png?resize=150%2C154&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/Univision-logo-no-background.png?w=370&ssl=1 370w" sizes="(max-width: 104px) 100vw, 104px" /></figure></div></div></div></div><h4 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-center" id="h-meet-the-team">MEET THE TEAM</h4><div class="wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-6 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-author-profile is-style-center text-size-small avatar-left"> <div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-author-profile__avatar"> <figure style="border-radius: 50%; height: 72px; width: 72px;"> <a href="https://publicintegrity.org/author/alexia-fernandez-campbell/"> <img data-recalc-dims="1" alt='Avatar photo' src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/cropped-AlexiaFC-BioPic.jpg?resize=72%2C72&ssl=1" srcset='https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/cropped-AlexiaFC-BioPic-144x144.jpg 2x' class='avatar avatar-72 photo' height="72" width="72" /> </a> </figure> </div> <div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-author-profile__bio"> <h3> <a href="https://publicintegrity.org/author/alexia-fernandez-campbell/"> Alexia Fernández Campbell </a> </h3> <ul class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-author-profile__social-links"> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/AlexiaCampbell"> <span> <svg width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M22.23,5.924c-0.736,0.326-1.527,0.547-2.357,0.646c0.847-0.508,1.498-1.312,1.804-2.27 c-0.793,0.47-1.671,0.812-2.606,0.996C18.324,4.498,17.257,4,16.077,4c-2.266,0-4.103,1.837-4.103,4.103 c0,0.322,0.036,0.635,0.106,0.935C8.67,8.867,5.647,7.234,3.623,4.751C3.27,5.357,3.067,6.062,3.067,6.814 c0,1.424,0.724,2.679,1.825,3.415c-0.673-0.021-1.305-0.206-1.859-0.513c0,0.017,0,0.034,0,0.052c0,1.988,1.414,3.647,3.292,4.023 c-0.344,0.094-0.707,0.144-1.081,0.144c-0.264,0-0.521-0.026-0.772-0.074c0.522,1.63,2.038,2.816,3.833,2.85 c-1.404,1.1-3.174,1.756-5.096,1.756c-0.331,0-0.658-0.019-0.979-0.057c1.816,1.164,3.973,1.843,6.29,1.843 c7.547,0,11.675-6.252,11.675-11.675c0-0.178-0.004-0.355-0.012-0.531C20.985,7.47,21.68,6.747,22.23,5.924z"></path></svg> </span> <span class="hidden"> twitter </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="mailto:acampbell@publicintegrity.org"> <span> <svg width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none" /><path d="M20 4H4c-1.1 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L2 18c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V6c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 14H4V8l8 5 8-5v10zm-8-7L4 6h16l-8 5z" /></svg> </span> <span class="hidden"> email </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-author-profile is-style-center text-size-small avatar-left"> <div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-author-profile__avatar"> <figure style="border-radius: 50%; height: 72px; width: 72px;"> <a href="https://publicintegrity.org/author/ashley-clarke/"> <img data-recalc-dims="1" alt='Ashley Clarke smiles.' src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/cropped-Ashley-Clarke-scaled-1.jpg?resize=72%2C72&ssl=1" srcset='https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/cropped-Ashley-Clarke-scaled-1-144x144.jpg 2x' class='avatar avatar-72 photo' height="72" width="72" /> </a> </figure> </div> <div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-author-profile__bio"> <h3> <a href="https://publicintegrity.org/author/ashley-clarke/"> Ashley Clarke </a> </h3> <ul class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-author-profile__social-links"> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/Ash__tag__"> <span> <svg width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M22.23,5.924c-0.736,0.326-1.527,0.547-2.357,0.646c0.847-0.508,1.498-1.312,1.804-2.27 c-0.793,0.47-1.671,0.812-2.606,0.996C18.324,4.498,17.257,4,16.077,4c-2.266,0-4.103,1.837-4.103,4.103 c0,0.322,0.036,0.635,0.106,0.935C8.67,8.867,5.647,7.234,3.623,4.751C3.27,5.357,3.067,6.062,3.067,6.814 c0,1.424,0.724,2.679,1.825,3.415c-0.673-0.021-1.305-0.206-1.859-0.513c0,0.017,0,0.034,0,0.052c0,1.988,1.414,3.647,3.292,4.023 c-0.344,0.094-0.707,0.144-1.081,0.144c-0.264,0-0.521-0.026-0.772-0.074c0.522,1.63,2.038,2.816,3.833,2.85 c-1.404,1.1-3.174,1.756-5.096,1.756c-0.331,0-0.658-0.019-0.979-0.057c1.816,1.164,3.973,1.843,6.29,1.843 c7.547,0,11.675-6.252,11.675-11.675c0-0.178-0.004-0.355-0.012-0.531C20.985,7.47,21.68,6.747,22.23,5.924z"></path></svg> </span> <span class="hidden"> twitter </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="mailto:aclarke@publicintegrity.org"> <span> <svg width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none" /><path d="M20 4H4c-1.1 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L2 18c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V6c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 14H4V8l8 5 8-5v10zm-8-7L4 6h16l-8 5z" /></svg> </span> <span class="hidden"> email </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-author-profile is-style-center text-size-small avatar-left"> <div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-author-profile__avatar"> <figure style="border-radius: 50%; height: 72px; width: 72px;"> <a href="https://publicintegrity.org/author/melissa-hellmann/"> <img data-recalc-dims="1" alt='Avatar photo' src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/cropped-Melissa-Hellmann-scaled-1.jpg?resize=72%2C72&ssl=1" srcset='https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/cropped-Melissa-Hellmann-scaled-1-144x144.jpg 2x' class='avatar avatar-72 photo' height="72" width="72" /> </a> </figure> </div> <div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-author-profile__bio"> <h3> <a href="https://publicintegrity.org/author/melissa-hellmann/"> Melissa Hellmann </a> </h3> <ul class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-author-profile__social-links"> <li> <a href="mailto:MHellmann@publicintegrity.org"> <span> <svg width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none" /><path d="M20 4H4c-1.1 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L2 18c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V6c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 14H4V8l8 5 8-5v10zm-8-7L4 6h16l-8 5z" /></svg> </span> <span class="hidden"> email </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-author-profile is-style-center text-size-small avatar-left"> <div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-author-profile__avatar"> <figure style="border-radius: 50%; height: 72px; width: 72px;"> <a href="https://publicintegrity.org/author/jamie-smith-hopkins/"> <img data-recalc-dims="1" alt='Avatar photo' src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/cropped-Jamie-Smith-Hopkins-scaled-1.jpg?resize=72%2C72&ssl=1" srcset='https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/cropped-Jamie-Smith-Hopkins-scaled-1-144x144.jpg 2x' class='avatar avatar-72 photo' height="72" width="72" /> </a> </figure> </div> <div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-author-profile__bio"> <h3> <a href="https://publicintegrity.org/author/jamie-smith-hopkins/"> Jamie Smith Hopkins </a> </h3> <ul class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-author-profile__social-links"> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/jsmithhopkins"> <span> <svg width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M22.23,5.924c-0.736,0.326-1.527,0.547-2.357,0.646c0.847-0.508,1.498-1.312,1.804-2.27 c-0.793,0.47-1.671,0.812-2.606,0.996C18.324,4.498,17.257,4,16.077,4c-2.266,0-4.103,1.837-4.103,4.103 c0,0.322,0.036,0.635,0.106,0.935C8.67,8.867,5.647,7.234,3.623,4.751C3.27,5.357,3.067,6.062,3.067,6.814 c0,1.424,0.724,2.679,1.825,3.415c-0.673-0.021-1.305-0.206-1.859-0.513c0,0.017,0,0.034,0,0.052c0,1.988,1.414,3.647,3.292,4.023 c-0.344,0.094-0.707,0.144-1.081,0.144c-0.264,0-0.521-0.026-0.772-0.074c0.522,1.63,2.038,2.816,3.833,2.85 c-1.404,1.1-3.174,1.756-5.096,1.756c-0.331,0-0.658-0.019-0.979-0.057c1.816,1.164,3.973,1.843,6.29,1.843 c7.547,0,11.675-6.252,11.675-11.675c0-0.178-0.004-0.355-0.012-0.531C20.985,7.47,21.68,6.747,22.23,5.924z"></path></svg> </span> <span class="hidden"> twitter </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="mailto:jhopkins@publicintegrity.org"> <span> <svg width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none" /><path d="M20 4H4c-1.1 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L2 18c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V6c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 14H4V8l8 5 8-5v10zm-8-7L4 6h16l-8 5z" /></svg> </span> <span class="hidden"> email </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-author-profile is-style-center text-size-small avatar-left"> <div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-author-profile__avatar"> <figure style="border-radius: 50%; height: 72px; width: 72px;"> <a href="https://publicintegrity.org/author/maya-srikrishnan/"> <img data-recalc-dims="1" alt='Avatar photo' src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/cropped-Maya-Srikrishnan-scaled-1.jpg?resize=72%2C72&ssl=1" srcset='https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/cropped-Maya-Srikrishnan-scaled-1-144x144.jpg 2x' class='avatar avatar-72 photo' height="72" width="72" /> </a> </figure> </div> <div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-author-profile__bio"> <h3> <a href="https://publicintegrity.org/author/maya-srikrishnan/"> Maya Srikrishnan </a> </h3> <ul class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-author-profile__social-links"> <li> <a href="mailto:msrikrishnan@publicintegrity.org"> <span> <svg width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none" /><path d="M20 4H4c-1.1 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L2 18c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V6c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 14H4V8l8 5 8-5v10zm-8-7L4 6h16l-8 5z" /></svg> </span> <span class="hidden"> email </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"><div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-author-profile is-style-center text-size-small avatar-left"> <div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-author-profile__avatar"> <figure style="border-radius: 50%; height: 72px; width: 72px;"> <a href="https://publicintegrity.org/author/joe-yerardi/"> <img data-recalc-dims="1" alt='Avatar photo' src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/cropped-Joe-Yerardi-scaled-1.jpg?resize=72%2C72&ssl=1" srcset='https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/cropped-Joe-Yerardi-scaled-1-144x144.jpg 2x' class='avatar avatar-72 photo' height="72" width="72" /> </a> </figure> </div> <div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-author-profile__bio"> <h3> <a href="https://publicintegrity.org/author/joe-yerardi/"> Joe Yerardi </a> </h3> <ul class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-author-profile__social-links"> <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/JoeYerardi"> <span> <svg width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M22.23,5.924c-0.736,0.326-1.527,0.547-2.357,0.646c0.847-0.508,1.498-1.312,1.804-2.27 c-0.793,0.47-1.671,0.812-2.606,0.996C18.324,4.498,17.257,4,16.077,4c-2.266,0-4.103,1.837-4.103,4.103 c0,0.322,0.036,0.635,0.106,0.935C8.67,8.867,5.647,7.234,3.623,4.751C3.27,5.357,3.067,6.062,3.067,6.814 c0,1.424,0.724,2.679,1.825,3.415c-0.673-0.021-1.305-0.206-1.859-0.513c0,0.017,0,0.034,0,0.052c0,1.988,1.414,3.647,3.292,4.023 c-0.344,0.094-0.707,0.144-1.081,0.144c-0.264,0-0.521-0.026-0.772-0.074c0.522,1.63,2.038,2.816,3.833,2.85 c-1.404,1.1-3.174,1.756-5.096,1.756c-0.331,0-0.658-0.019-0.979-0.057c1.816,1.164,3.973,1.843,6.29,1.843 c7.547,0,11.675-6.252,11.675-11.675c0-0.178-0.004-0.355-0.012-0.531C20.985,7.47,21.68,6.747,22.23,5.924z"></path></svg> </span> <span class="hidden"> twitter </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="mailto:jyerardi@publicintegrity.org"> <span> <svg width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none" /><path d="M20 4H4c-1.1 0-1.99.9-1.99 2L2 18c0 1.1.9 2 2 2h16c1.1 0 2-.9 2-2V6c0-1.1-.9-2-2-2zm0 14H4V8l8 5 8-5v10zm-8-7L4 6h16l-8 5z" /></svg> </span> <span class="hidden"> email </span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div></div></div><script type="text/javascript">//## toolTips('.classtoolTips14','<span style="font-weight: 400;">A tax or tax system where wealthier people pay a greater percentage of their income than poorer people. The federal system is progressive. The opposite of a progressive tax is a regressive one. </span>'); ##]]</script> </div> </article> </div> </main> </section> </div> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer"> <div class="footer-branding"> <div class="wrapper"> <style>.site-header .custom-logo{height: 52px;max-height: 261px;max-width: 600px;width: 253px;}@media (max-width: 781px){.site-header .custom-logo{max-width: 175px;max-height: 36px;}}@media (min-width: 782px){.h-stk:not(.h-sub) .site-header .custom-logo{max-height: 82px;max-width: 400px;}.h-sub .site-header .custom-logo{max-width: 200px;max-height: 41px;}}@media (max-width: 1199px) and (min-width: 782px){.h-stk.h-cl:not(.h-sub) .site-header .custom-logo{max-width: 100%;width: auto;}}</style><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home"><img width="1270" height="261" src="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?fit=1270%2C261&ssl=1" class="custom-logo" alt="Center for Public Integrity" decoding="async" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?w=1270&ssl=1 1270w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?resize=300%2C62&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?resize=1024%2C210&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?resize=768%2C158&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?resize=1200%2C247&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?resize=400%2C82&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?resize=706%2C145&ssl=1 706w, https://i0.wp.com/publicintegrity.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/cropped-logo.png?fit=1270%2C261&ssl=1&w=370 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1270px) 100vw, 1270px" /></a> <nav class="social-navigation" aria-label="Social Links Menu"> <ul id="menu-social-links-2" class="social-links-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-102676"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.facebook.com/publici/"><span class="screen-reader-text">Facebook Page</span><svg class="svg-icon" width="0" height="0" aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 2C6.5 2 2 6.5 2 12c0 5 3.7 9.1 8.4 9.9v-7H7.9V12h2.5V9.8c0-2.5 1.5-3.9 3.8-3.9 1.1 0 2.2.2 2.2.2v2.5h-1.3c-1.2 0-1.6.8-1.6 1.6V12h2.8l-.4 2.9h-2.3v7C18.3 21.1 22 17 22 12c0-5.5-4.5-10-10-10z"></path></svg></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-102677"><a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/publicintegrity"><span class="screen-reader-text">Twitter</span><svg class="svg-icon" width="0" height="0" aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M22.23,5.924c-0.736,0.326-1.527,0.547-2.357,0.646c0.847-0.508,1.498-1.312,1.804-2.27 c-0.793,0.47-1.671,0.812-2.606,0.996C18.324,4.498,17.257,4,16.077,4c-2.266,0-4.103,1.837-4.103,4.103 c0,0.322,0.036,0.635,0.106,0.935C8.67,8.867,5.647,7.234,3.623,4.751C3.27,5.357,3.067,6.062,3.067,6.814 c0,1.424,0.724,2.679,1.825,3.415c-0.673-0.021-1.305-0.206-1.859-0.513c0,0.017,0,0.034,0,0.052c0,1.988,1.414,3.647,3.292,4.023 c-0.344,0.094-0.707,0.144-1.081,0.144c-0.264,0-0.521-0.026-0.772-0.074c0.522,1.63,2.038,2.816,3.833,2.85 c-1.404,1.1-3.174,1.756-5.096,1.756c-0.331,0-0.658-0.019-0.979-0.057c1.816,1.164,3.973,1.843,6.29,1.843 c7.547,0,11.675-6.252,11.675-11.675c0-0.178-0.004-0.355-0.012-0.531C20.985,7.47,21.68,6.747,22.23,5.924z"></path></svg></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-102679"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/29637/"><span class="screen-reader-text">Linkedin</span><svg class="svg-icon" width="0" height="0" aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M19.7,3H4.3C3.582,3,3,3.582,3,4.3v15.4C3,20.418,3.582,21,4.3,21h15.4c0.718,0,1.3-0.582,1.3-1.3V4.3 C21,3.582,20.418,3,19.7,3z M8.339,18.338H5.667v-8.59h2.672V18.338z M7.004,8.574c-0.857,0-1.549-0.694-1.549-1.548 c0-0.855,0.691-1.548,1.549-1.548c0.854,0,1.547,0.694,1.547,1.548C8.551,7.881,7.858,8.574,7.004,8.574z M18.339,18.338h-2.669 v-4.177c0-0.996-0.017-2.278-1.387-2.278c-1.389,0-1.601,1.086-1.601,2.206v4.249h-2.667v-8.59h2.559v1.174h0.037 c0.356-0.675,1.227-1.387,2.526-1.387c2.703,0,3.203,1.779,3.203,4.092V18.338z"></path></svg></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-102678"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.instagram.com/publicintegrity/"><span class="screen-reader-text">Instagram</span><svg class="svg-icon" width="0" height="0" aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12,4.622c2.403,0,2.688,0.009,3.637,0.052c0.877,0.04,1.354,0.187,1.671,0.31c0.42,0.163,0.72,0.358,1.035,0.673 c0.315,0.315,0.51,0.615,0.673,1.035c0.123,0.317,0.27,0.794,0.31,1.671c0.043,0.949,0.052,1.234,0.052,3.637 s-0.009,2.688-0.052,3.637c-0.04,0.877-0.187,1.354-0.31,1.671c-0.163,0.42-0.358,0.72-0.673,1.035 c-0.315,0.315-0.615,0.51-1.035,0.673c-0.317,0.123-0.794,0.27-1.671,0.31c-0.949,0.043-1.233,0.052-3.637,0.052 s-2.688-0.009-3.637-0.052c-0.877-0.04-1.354-0.187-1.671-0.31c-0.42-0.163-0.72-0.358-1.035-0.673 c-0.315-0.315-0.51-0.615-0.673-1.035c-0.123-0.317-0.27-0.794-0.31-1.671C4.631,14.688,4.622,14.403,4.622,12 s0.009-2.688,0.052-3.637c0.04-0.877,0.187-1.354,0.31-1.671c0.163-0.42,0.358-0.72,0.673-1.035 c0.315-0.315,0.615-0.51,1.035-0.673c0.317-0.123,0.794-0.27,1.671-0.31C9.312,4.631,9.597,4.622,12,4.622 M12,3 C9.556,3,9.249,3.01,8.289,3.054C7.331,3.098,6.677,3.25,6.105,3.472C5.513,3.702,5.011,4.01,4.511,4.511 c-0.5,0.5-0.808,1.002-1.038,1.594C3.25,6.677,3.098,7.331,3.054,8.289C3.01,9.249,3,9.556,3,12c0,2.444,0.01,2.751,0.054,3.711 c0.044,0.958,0.196,1.612,0.418,2.185c0.23,0.592,0.538,1.094,1.038,1.594c0.5,0.5,1.002,0.808,1.594,1.038 c0.572,0.222,1.227,0.375,2.185,0.418C9.249,20.99,9.556,21,12,21s2.751-0.01,3.711-0.054c0.958-0.044,1.612-0.196,2.185-0.418 c0.592-0.23,1.094-0.538,1.594-1.038c0.5-0.5,0.808-1.002,1.038-1.594c0.222-0.572,0.375-1.227,0.418-2.185 C20.99,14.751,21,14.444,21,12s-0.01-2.751-0.054-3.711c-0.044-0.958-0.196-1.612-0.418-2.185c-0.23-0.592-0.538-1.094-1.038-1.594 c-0.5-0.5-1.002-0.808-1.594-1.038c-0.572-0.222-1.227-0.375-2.185-0.418C14.751,3.01,14.444,3,12,3L12,3z M12,7.378 c-2.552,0-4.622,2.069-4.622,4.622S9.448,16.622,12,16.622s4.622-2.069,4.622-4.622S14.552,7.378,12,7.378z M12,15 c-1.657,0-3-1.343-3-3s1.343-3,3-3s3,1.343,3,3S13.657,15,12,15z M16.804,6.116c-0.596,0-1.08,0.484-1.08,1.08 s0.484,1.08,1.08,1.08c0.596,0,1.08-0.484,1.08-1.08S17.401,6.116,16.804,6.116z"></path></svg></a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-121579"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.tiktok.com/@centerforpublicintegrity"><span class="screen-reader-text">TikTok</span><svg class="svg-icon" width="0" height="0" aria-hidden="true" role="img" viewBox="0 0 24 24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M20.3,10.1c-0.2,0-0.3,0-0.5,0c-1.8,0-3.4-0.9-4.4-2.4c0,3.7,0,7.9,0,8c0,3.3-2.6,5.9-5.9,5.9s-5.9-2.6-5.9-5.9s2.6-5.9,5.9-5.9c0.1,0,0.2,0,0.4,0v2.9c-0.1,0-0.2,0-0.4,0c-1.7,0-3,1.4-3,3s1.4,3,3,3s3.1-1.3,3.1-3c0-0.1,0-13.6,0-13.6h2.8c0.3,2.5,2.3,4.5,4.8,4.6V10.1z" /></svg></a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <aside class="widget-area footer-widgets" role="complementary" aria-label="Footer"> <div class="wrapper"> <section id="block-5" class="widget widget_block"><div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"><div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"><ul class="wp-block-list"><li><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/about/">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/about/board-of-directors/">Board of Directors</a></li> <li><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/archive/">Archive</a></li> <li><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://publicintegrity.org/about/center-documents/">Public Integrity documents</a></li></ul> <ul class="wp-block-social-links has-icon-background-color is-layout-flex wp-block-social-links-is-layout-flex"><li style="background-color: #FFFFFF; " class="wp-social-link wp-social-link-facebook has-white-background-color wp-block-social-link"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/publici" class="wp-block-social-link-anchor"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M12 2C6.5 2 2 6.5 2 12c0 5 3.7 9.1 8.4 9.9v-7H7.9V12h2.5V9.8c0-2.5 1.5-3.9 3.8-3.9 1.1 0 2.2.2 2.2.2v2.5h-1.3c-1.2 0-1.6.8-1.6 1.6V12h2.8l-.4 2.9h-2.3v7C18.3 21.1 22 17 22 12c0-5.5-4.5-10-10-10z"></path></svg><span class="wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text">Facebook</span></a></li> <li style="background-color: #FFFFFF; " class="wp-social-link wp-social-link-twitter has-white-background-color wp-block-social-link"><a href="https://twitter.com/publicintegrity" class="wp-block-social-link-anchor"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M22.23,5.924c-0.736,0.326-1.527,0.547-2.357,0.646c0.847-0.508,1.498-1.312,1.804-2.27 c-0.793,0.47-1.671,0.812-2.606,0.996C18.324,4.498,17.257,4,16.077,4c-2.266,0-4.103,1.837-4.103,4.103 c0,0.322,0.036,0.635,0.106,0.935C8.67,8.867,5.647,7.234,3.623,4.751C3.27,5.357,3.067,6.062,3.067,6.814 c0,1.424,0.724,2.679,1.825,3.415c-0.673-0.021-1.305-0.206-1.859-0.513c0,0.017,0,0.034,0,0.052c0,1.988,1.414,3.647,3.292,4.023 c-0.344,0.094-0.707,0.144-1.081,0.144c-0.264,0-0.521-0.026-0.772-0.074c0.522,1.63,2.038,2.816,3.833,2.85 c-1.404,1.1-3.174,1.756-5.096,1.756c-0.331,0-0.658-0.019-0.979-0.057c1.816,1.164,3.973,1.843,6.29,1.843 c7.547,0,11.675-6.252,11.675-11.675c0-0.178-0.004-0.355-0.012-0.531C20.985,7.47,21.68,6.747,22.23,5.924z"></path></svg><span class="wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text">Twitter</span></a></li> <li style="background-color: #FFFFFF; " class="wp-social-link wp-social-link-linkedin has-white-background-color wp-block-social-link"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/center-for-public-integrity/" class="wp-block-social-link-anchor"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M19.7,3H4.3C3.582,3,3,3.582,3,4.3v15.4C3,20.418,3.582,21,4.3,21h15.4c0.718,0,1.3-0.582,1.3-1.3V4.3 C21,3.582,20.418,3,19.7,3z M8.339,18.338H5.667v-8.59h2.672V18.338z M7.004,8.574c-0.857,0-1.549-0.694-1.549-1.548 c0-0.855,0.691-1.548,1.549-1.548c0.854,0,1.547,0.694,1.547,1.548C8.551,7.881,7.858,8.574,7.004,8.574z M18.339,18.338h-2.669 v-4.177c0-0.996-0.017-2.278-1.387-2.278c-1.389,0-1.601,1.086-1.601,2.206v4.249h-2.667v-8.59h2.559v1.174h0.037 c0.356-0.675,1.227-1.387,2.526-1.387c2.703,0,3.203,1.779,3.203,4.092V18.338z"></path></svg><span class="wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text">LinkedIn</span></a></li> <li style="background-color: #FFFFFF; " class="wp-social-link wp-social-link-instagram has-white-background-color wp-block-social-link"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/publicintegrity/" class="wp-block-social-link-anchor"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false"><path d="M12,4.622c2.403,0,2.688,0.009,3.637,0.052c0.877,0.04,1.354,0.187,1.671,0.31c0.42,0.163,0.72,0.358,1.035,0.673 c0.315,0.315,0.51,0.615,0.673,1.035c0.123,0.317,0.27,0.794,0.31,1.671c0.043,0.949,0.052,1.234,0.052,3.637 s-0.009,2.688-0.052,3.637c-0.04,0.877-0.187,1.354-0.31,1.671c-0.163,0.42-0.358,0.72-0.673,1.035 c-0.315,0.315-0.615,0.51-1.035,0.673c-0.317,0.123-0.794,0.27-1.671,0.31c-0.949,0.043-1.233,0.052-3.637,0.052 s-2.688-0.009-3.637-0.052c-0.877-0.04-1.354-0.187-1.671-0.31c-0.42-0.163-0.72-0.358-1.035-0.673 c-0.315-0.315-0.51-0.615-0.673-1.035c-0.123-0.317-0.27-0.794-0.31-1.671C4.631,14.688,4.622,14.403,4.622,12 s0.009-2.688,0.052-3.637c0.04-0.877,0.187-1.354,0.31-1.671c0.163-0.42,0.358-0.72,0.673-1.035 c0.315-0.315,0.615-0.51,1.035-0.673c0.317-0.123,0.794-0.27,1.671-0.31C9.312,4.631,9.597,4.622,12,4.622 M12,3 C9.556,3,9.249,3.01,8.289,3.054C7.331,3.098,6.677,3.25,6.105,3.472C5.513,3.702,5.011,4.01,4.511,4.511 c-0.5,0.5-0.808,1.002-1.038,1.594C3.25,6.677,3.098,7.331,3.054,8.289C3.01,9.249,3,9.556,3,12c0,2.444,0.01,2.751,0.054,3.711 c0.044,0.958,0.196,1.612,0.418,2.185c0.23,0.592,0.538,1.094,1.038,1.594c0.5,0.5,1.002,0.808,1.594,1.038 c0.572,0.222,1.227,0.375,2.185,0.418C9.249,20.99,9.556,21,12,21s2.751-0.01,3.711-0.054c0.958-0.044,1.612-0.196,2.185-0.418 c0.592-0.23,1.094-0.538,1.594-1.038c0.5-0.5,0.808-1.002,1.038-1.594c0.222-0.572,0.375-1.227,0.418-2.185 C20.99,14.751,21,14.444,21,12s-0.01-2.751-0.054-3.711c-0.044-0.958-0.196-1.612-0.418-2.185c-0.23-0.592-0.538-1.094-1.038-1.594 c-0.5-0.5-1.002-0.808-1.594-1.038c-0.572-0.222-1.227-0.375-2.185-0.418C14.751,3.01,14.444,3,12,3L12,3z M12,7.378 c-2.552,0-4.622,2.069-4.622,4.622S9.448,16.622,12,16.622s4.622-2.069,4.622-4.622S14.552,7.378,12,7.378z M12,15 c-1.657,0-3-1.343-3-3s1.343-3,3-3s3,1.343,3,3S13.657,15,12,15z M16.804,6.116c-0.596,0-1.08,0.484-1.08,1.08 s0.484,1.08,1.08,1.08c0.596,0,1.08-0.484,1.08-1.08S17.401,6.116,16.804,6.116z"></path></svg><span class="wp-block-social-link-label screen-reader-text">Instagram</span></a></li></ul> <p></p></div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow" style="flex-basis:50%"><p style="font-size:1.5em"><strong><em>Investigating the systems and circumstances that contribute to inequality. </em></strong></p></div></div></section> </div> </aside> <div class="site-info"> <div class="wrapper site-info-contain"> <span class="copyright">© 2024 Center for Public Integrity</span> <a target="_blank" href="https://newspack.com/" class="imprint"> Powered by Newspack </a> <a class="privacy-policy-link" href="https://publicintegrity.org/about/privacy-policy-and-terms-of-use%ef%bb%bf/" rel="privacy-policy">Privacy Policy and Terms of Use</a> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <script defer id="bilmur" data-provider="wpcloud" data-service="newspack" src="https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/js/bilmur.min.js?m=202448"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> var inboxs = new Array(); inboxs['hidezeronumberitem'] = "yes"; inboxs['selectors'] = '.tooltips_list > span'; inboxs['navitemdefaultsize'] = '12px'; inboxs['navitemselectedsize'] = '14px'; inboxs['number'] = "no"; jQuery(document).ready(function () { jQuery('.member_directory_table').directory(inboxs); jQuery('.navitem').css('font-size','12px'); }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function () { jQuery('.tooltips_table_items .tooltips_table_title .tooltipsall').each (function() { disabletooltipforclassandidSinglei = jQuery(this).text(); jQuery(this).replaceWith(disabletooltipforclassandidSinglei); }) }) </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function () { jQuery('.tooltips_table_items .tooltips_table_content .tooltipsall').each (function() { disabletooltipforclassandidSinglei = jQuery(this).html(); jQuery(this).replaceWith(disabletooltipforclassandidSinglei); }) }) </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function () { jQuery('.tooltips_table_items .tooltips_table_title .tooltipsall').each (function() { disabletooltipforclassandidSinglei = jQuery(this).text(); jQuery(this).replaceWith(disabletooltipforclassandidSinglei); }) }) </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function () { jQuery('.tooltips_table_items .tooltips_table_content .tooltipsall').each (function() { disabletooltipforclassandidSinglei = jQuery(this).html(); jQuery(this).replaceWith(disabletooltipforclassandidSinglei); }) }) </script><script type="text/javascript"> var inboxs = new Array(); inboxs['language'] = "en"; inboxs['hidezeronumberitem'] = "no"; inboxs['navitemselectedsize'] = '18px'; inboxs['selectors'] = '.tooltips_list > span'; inboxs['navitemdefaultsize'] = '12px'; inboxs['number'] = "yes"; jQuery(document).ready(function () { jQuery('.tooltips_directory').directory(inboxs); jQuery('.navitem').css('font-size','12px'); }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function () { jQuery('h1 .tooltipsall').each (function() { disabletooltipinhtmltagSinglei = jQuery(this).html(); jQuery(this).replaceWith(disabletooltipinhtmltagSinglei); }) }) jQuery(document).ready(function () { jQuery('h2 .tooltipsall').each (function() { disabletooltipinhtmltagSinglei = jQuery(this).html(); jQuery(this).replaceWith(disabletooltipinhtmltagSinglei); }) }) jQuery(document).ready(function () { jQuery('h3 .tooltipsall').each (function() { disabletooltipinhtmltagSinglei = jQuery(this).html(); jQuery(this).replaceWith(disabletooltipinhtmltagSinglei); }) }) jQuery(document).ready(function () { jQuery('h4 .tooltipsall').each (function() { disabletooltipinhtmltagSinglei = jQuery(this).html(); jQuery(this).replaceWith(disabletooltipinhtmltagSinglei); }) }) jQuery(document).ready(function () { jQuery('h5 .tooltipsall').each (function() { disabletooltipinhtmltagSinglei = jQuery(this).html(); jQuery(this).replaceWith(disabletooltipinhtmltagSinglei); }) }) jQuery(document).ready(function () { jQuery('h6 .tooltipsall').each (function() { disabletooltipinhtmltagSinglei = jQuery(this).html(); jQuery(this).replaceWith(disabletooltipinhtmltagSinglei); }) }) </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function () { jQuery('.tooltips_table_items .tooltips_table_title .tooltipsall').each (function() { disabletooltipforclassandidSinglei = jQuery(this).text(); jQuery(this).replaceWith(disabletooltipforclassandidSinglei); }) }) </script><script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function () { jQuery('.tooltips_table_items .tooltips_table_content .tooltipsall').each (function() { disabletooltipforclassandidSinglei = jQuery(this).html(); jQuery(this).replaceWith(disabletooltipforclassandidSinglei); }) }) </script> <script type="module"> import { Workbox } from "https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/pwa\/wp-includes\/js\/workbox-v7.3.0\/workbox-window.prod.js"; if ( 'serviceWorker' in navigator ) { window.wp = window.wp || {}; window.wp.serviceWorkerWindow = new Workbox( "https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/wp.serviceworker", {"scope":"\/"} ); window.wp.serviceWorkerWindow.register(); } </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='newspack-blocks-carousel-css' href='https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-blocks/dist/carousel/view.css?ver=4.4.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='newspack-blocks-homepage-articles-css' href='https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-blocks/dist/homepage-articles/view.css?ver=4.4.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='newspack-blocks-author-profile-css' href='https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-blocks/dist/author-profile/view.css?ver=4.4.0' media='all' /> <style id='core-block-supports-inline-css'>.wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-1{justify-content:flex-start;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-2{justify-content:center;}.wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-3{justify-content:center;}.wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-4{justify-content:center;}.wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-5{justify-content:center;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-2{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-6{justify-content:center;}.wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-7{justify-content:center;}.wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-8{justify-content:center;}.wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-9{justify-content:center;}.wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-10{justify-content:center;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-4{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-5{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-6{flex-wrap:nowrap;}.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7{flex-wrap:nowrap;}</style> <script id="newspack-reader-activation-js-extra"> var newspack_ras_config = {"auth_intention_cookie":"np_auth_intention","cid_cookie":"newspack-cid","authenticated_email":"","otp_auth_action":"np_otp_auth","account_url":"https:\/\/publicintegrity.org\/my-account\/"}; var newspack_reader_data = {"store_prefix":"np_reader_1_","is_temporary":"","reader_activity":[]}; </script> <script src="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-plugin/dist/reader-activation.js?ver=5.8.1" id="newspack-reader-activation-js" async data-amp-plus-allowed type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <script id="newspack-reader-auth-js-extra"> var newspack_reader_auth_labels = {"invalid_email":"Please enter a valid email address.","invalid_password":"Please enter a password.","blocked_popup":"The popup has been blocked. Allow popups for the site and try again.","login_canceled":"Login canceled."}; </script> <script src="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-plugin/dist/reader-auth.js?ver=5.8.1" id="newspack-reader-auth-js" async data-amp-plus-allowed type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill.min.js" id="wp-polyfill-js"></script> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/js/dist/url.min.js" id="wp-url-js"></script> <script id="newspack-popups-criteria-js-extra" type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"> var newspackPopupsCriteria = {"is_non_preview_user":"","config":{"articles_read":{"matchingFunction":"range","matchingAttribute":"articles_read"},"articles_read_in_session":{"matchingFunction":"range","matchingAttribute":"articles_read_in_session"},"favorite_categories":{"matchingFunction":"list__in","matchingAttribute":"favorite_categories"},"user_account":{"matchingFunction":"default","matchingAttribute":"user_account"},"newsletter":{"matchingFunction":"default","matchingAttribute":"newsletter"},"subscribed_lists":{"matchingFunction":"list__in","matchingAttribute":"newsletter_subscribed_lists"},"not_subscribed_lists":{"matchingFunction":"list__not_in","matchingAttribute":"newsletter_subscribed_lists"},"donation":{"matchingFunction":"default","matchingAttribute":"donation"},"active_subscriptions":{"matchingFunction":"list__in","matchingAttribute":"active_subscriptions"},"not_active_subscriptions":{"matchingFunction":"list__not_in","matchingAttribute":"active_subscriptions"},"sources_to_match":{"matchingFunction":"list__in","matchingAttribute":"referrer"},"sources_to_exclude":{"matchingFunction":"list__not_in","matchingAttribute":"referrer"}}}; </script> <script src="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-popups/includes/../dist/criteria.js?ver=1732562351" id="newspack-popups-criteria-js" defer type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <script id="newspack-popups-view-js-extra" type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"> var newspack_popups_view = {"debug":"","segments":{"3747":{"criteria":[{"criteria_id":"newsletter","value":"non-subscribers"},{"criteria_id":"donation","value":"non-donors"}],"priority":0}},"donor_landing_page":"34388"}; </script> <script src="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-popups/includes/../dist/view.js?ver=1732562351" id="newspack-popups-view-js" type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script id="wp-i18n-js-after"> wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); </script> <script src="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-parsely/build/loader.js?ver=b681bb9905652ac12735" id="wp-parsely-loader-js" defer></script> <script data-parsely-site="publicintegrity.org" src="https://cdn.parsely.com/keys/publicintegrity.org/p.js?ver=3.17.0" id="parsely-cfg" defer></script> <script id="newspack-amp-fallback-js-extra"> var newspackScreenReaderText = {"open_search":"Open Search","close_search":"Close Search","expand_comments":"Expand Comments","collapse_comments":"Collapse Comments","show_order_details":"Show details","hide_order_details":"Hide details","open_dropdown_menu":"Open dropdown menu","close_dropdown_menu":"Close dropdown menu","is_amp":""}; </script> <script src="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/themes/newspack-theme/js/dist/amp-fallback.js?ver=2.3.0" id="newspack-amp-fallback-js" type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <script id="newspack-menu-accessibility-js-extra"> var newspackScreenReaderText = {"open_search":"Open Search","close_search":"Close Search","expand_comments":"Expand Comments","collapse_comments":"Collapse Comments","show_order_details":"Show details","hide_order_details":"Hide details","open_dropdown_menu":"Open dropdown menu","close_dropdown_menu":"Close dropdown menu","is_amp":""}; </script> <script src="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/themes/newspack-theme/js/dist/menu-accessibility.js?ver=2.3.0" id="newspack-menu-accessibility-js" type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <script id="perfmatters-lazy-load-js-before"> window.lazyLoadOptions={elements_selector:"img[data-src],.perfmatters-lazy,.perfmatters-lazy-css-bg",thresholds:"0px 0px",class_loading:"pmloading",class_loaded:"pmloaded",callback_loaded:function(element){if(element.tagName==="IFRAME"){if(element.classList.contains("pmloaded")){if(typeof window.jQuery!="undefined"){if(jQuery.fn.fitVids){jQuery(element).parent().fitVids()}}}}}};window.addEventListener("LazyLoad::Initialized",function(e){var lazyLoadInstance=e.detail.instance;});function perfmattersLazyLoadYouTube(e){var t=document.createElement("iframe"),r="ID?";r+=0===e.dataset.query.length?"":e.dataset.query+"&",r+="autoplay=1",t.setAttribute("src",r.replace("ID",e.dataset.src)),t.setAttribute("frameborder","0"),t.setAttribute("allowfullscreen","1"),t.setAttribute("allow","accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture"),e.replaceChild(t,e.firstChild)} </script> <script async src="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins/perfmatters/js/lazyload.min.js?ver=2.3.6" id="perfmatters-lazy-load-js"></script> <script src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202448.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" data-wp-strategy="defer" type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <script id="jetpack-stats-js-after"> _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"201594328\",\"post\":\"121177\",\"tz\":\"-5\",\"srv\":\"publicintegrity.org\",\"hp\":\"atomic\",\"ac\":\"6\",\"amp\":\"0\",\"j\":\"1:14.1-a.7\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "201594328", "121177" ]); </script> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/js/dist/dom-ready.min.js" id="wp-dom-ready-js"></script> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/js/dist/a11y.min.js" id="wp-a11y-js"></script> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.1/wp-includes/js/dist/escape-html.min.js" id="wp-escape-html-js"></script> <script src="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-blocks/dist/carousel/view.js?ver=38c0dbd12488d105fca0" id="newspack-blocks-carousel-js" type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <script src="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-blocks/dist/homepage-articles/view.js?ver=592020a10b4ff0d8d3fd" id="newspack-blocks-homepage-articles-js" type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <script src="https://publicintegrity.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-blocks/dist/author-profile/view.js?ver=3a85466990d5c12216af" id="newspack-blocks-author-profile-js" type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <script> /(trident|msie)/i.test(navigator.userAgent)&&document.getElementById&&window.addEventListener&&window.addEventListener("hashchange",function(){var t,e=location.hash.substring(1);/^[A-z0-9_-]+$/.test(e)&&(t=document.getElementById(e))&&(/^(?:a|select|input|button|textarea)$/i.test(t.tagName)||(t.tabIndex=-1),t.focus())},!1); </script> <script id="perfmatters-delayed-scripts-js">const pmDelayClick=false;const pmDelayTimer=setTimeout(pmTriggerDOMListener,10*1000);const pmUserInteractions=["keydown","mousedown","mousemove","wheel","touchmove","touchstart","touchend"],pmDelayedScripts={normal:[],defer:[],async:[]},jQueriesArray=[],pmInterceptedClicks=[];var pmDOMLoaded=!1,pmClickTarget="";function pmTriggerDOMListener(){"undefined"!=typeof pmDelayTimer&&clearTimeout(pmDelayTimer),pmUserInteractions.forEach(function(e){window.removeEventListener(e,pmTriggerDOMListener,{passive:!0})}),document.removeEventListener("visibilitychange",pmTriggerDOMListener),"loading"===document.readyState?document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",pmTriggerDelayedScripts):pmTriggerDelayedScripts()}async function pmTriggerDelayedScripts(){pmDelayEventListeners(),pmDelayJQueryReady(),pmProcessDocumentWrite(),pmSortDelayedScripts(),pmPreloadDelayedScripts(),await pmLoadDelayedScripts(pmDelayedScripts.normal),await pmLoadDelayedScripts(pmDelayedScripts.defer),await pmLoadDelayedScripts(pmDelayedScripts.async),await pmTriggerEventListeners(),document.querySelectorAll("link[data-pmdelayedstyle]").forEach(function(e){e.setAttribute("href",e.getAttribute("data-pmdelayedstyle"))}),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("perfmatters-allScriptsLoaded")),pmWaitForPendingClicks().then(()=>{pmReplayClicks()})}function pmDelayEventListeners(){let e={};function t(t,n){function r(n){return e[t].delayedEvents.indexOf(n)>=0?"perfmatters-"+n:n}e[t]||(e[t]={originalFunctions:{add:t.addEventListener,remove:t.removeEventListener},delayedEvents:[]},t.addEventListener=function(){arguments[0]=r(arguments[0]),e[t].originalFunctions.add.apply(t,arguments)},t.removeEventListener=function(){arguments[0]=r(arguments[0]),e[t].originalFunctions.remove.apply(t,arguments)}),e[t].delayedEvents.push(n)}function n(e,t){let n=e[t];Object.defineProperty(e,t,{get:n||function(){},set:function(n){e["perfmatters"+t]=n}})}t(document,"DOMContentLoaded"),t(window,"DOMContentLoaded"),t(window,"load"),t(window,"pageshow"),t(document,"readystatechange"),n(document,"onreadystatechange"),n(window,"onload"),n(window,"onpageshow")}function pmDelayJQueryReady(){let e=window.jQuery;Object.defineProperty(window,"jQuery",{get:()=>e,set(t){if(t&&t.fn&&!jQueriesArray.includes(t)){t.fn.ready=t.fn.init.prototype.ready=function(e){pmDOMLoaded?e.bind(document)(t):document.addEventListener("perfmatters-DOMContentLoaded",function(){e.bind(document)(t)})};let n=t.fn.on;t.fn.on=t.fn.init.prototype.on=function(){if(this[0]===window){function e(e){return e=(e=(e=e.split(" ")).map(function(e){return"load"===e||0===e.indexOf("load.")?"perfmatters-jquery-load":e})).join(" ")}"string"==typeof arguments[0]||arguments[0]instanceof String?arguments[0]=e(arguments[0]):"object"==typeof arguments[0]&&Object.keys(arguments[0]).forEach(function(t){delete Object.assign(arguments[0],{[e(t)]:arguments[0][t]})[t]})}return n.apply(this,arguments),this},jQueriesArray.push(t)}e=t}})}function pmProcessDocumentWrite(){let e=new Map;document.write=document.writeln=function(t){var n=document.currentScript,r=document.createRange();let a=e.get(n);void 0===a&&(a=n.nextSibling,e.set(n,a));var i=document.createDocumentFragment();r.setStart(i,0),i.appendChild(r.createContextualFragment(t)),n.parentElement.insertBefore(i,a)}}function pmSortDelayedScripts(){document.querySelectorAll("script[type=pmdelayedscript]").forEach(function(e){e.hasAttribute("src")?e.hasAttribute("defer")&&!1!==e.defer?pmDelayedScripts.defer.push(e):e.hasAttribute("async")&&!1!==e.async?pmDelayedScripts.async.push(e):pmDelayedScripts.normal.push(e):pmDelayedScripts.normal.push(e)})}function pmPreloadDelayedScripts(){var e=document.createDocumentFragment();[...pmDelayedScripts.normal,...pmDelayedScripts.defer,...pmDelayedScripts.async].forEach(function(t){var n=t.getAttribute("src");if(n){var r=document.createElement("link");r.href=n,"module"==t.getAttribute("data-perfmatters-type")?r.rel="modulepreload":(r.rel="preload",r.as="script"),e.appendChild(r)}}),document.head.appendChild(e)}async function pmLoadDelayedScripts(e){var t=e.shift();return t?(await pmReplaceScript(t),pmLoadDelayedScripts(e)):Promise.resolve()}async function pmReplaceScript(e){return await pmNextFrame(),new Promise(function(t){let n=document.createElement("script");[...e.attributes].forEach(function(e){let t=e.nodeName;"type"!==t&&("data-perfmatters-type"===t&&(t="type"),n.setAttribute(t,e.nodeValue))}),e.hasAttribute("src")?(n.addEventListener("load",t),n.addEventListener("error",t)):(n.text=e.text,t()),e.parentNode.replaceChild(n,e)})}async function pmTriggerEventListeners(){pmDOMLoaded=!0,await pmNextFrame(),document.dispatchEvent(new Event("perfmatters-DOMContentLoaded")),await pmNextFrame(),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("perfmatters-DOMContentLoaded")),await pmNextFrame(),document.dispatchEvent(new Event("perfmatters-readystatechange")),await pmNextFrame(),document.perfmattersonreadystatechange&&document.perfmattersonreadystatechange(),await pmNextFrame(),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("perfmatters-load")),await pmNextFrame(),window.perfmattersonload&&window.perfmattersonload(),await pmNextFrame(),jQueriesArray.forEach(function(e){e(window).trigger("perfmatters-jquery-load")});let e=new Event("perfmatters-pageshow");e.persisted=window.pmPersisted,window.dispatchEvent(e),await pmNextFrame(),window.perfmattersonpageshow&&window.perfmattersonpageshow({persisted:window.pmPersisted})}async function pmNextFrame(){return new Promise(function(e){requestAnimationFrame(e)})}function pmReplayClicks(){window.removeEventListener("touchstart",pmTouchStartHandler,{passive:!0}),window.removeEventListener("mousedown",pmTouchStartHandler),pmInterceptedClicks.forEach(e=>{e.target.outerHTML===pmClickTarget&&e.target.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent("click",{view:e.view,bubbles:!0,cancelable:!0}))})}function pmWaitForPendingClicks(){return new Promise(e=>{window.pmIsClickPending?pmPendingClickFinished=e:e()})}function pmPendingClickStarted(){window.pmIsClickPending=!0}function pmPendingClickFinished(){window.pmIsClickPending=!1}function pmClickHandler(e){e.target.removeEventListener("click",pmClickHandler),pmRenameDOMAttribute(e.target,"pm-onclick","onclick"),pmInterceptedClicks.push(e),e.preventDefault(),e.stopPropagation(),e.stopImmediatePropagation(),pmPendingClickFinished()}function pmTouchStartHandler(e){"HTML"!==e.target.tagName&&(pmClickTarget||(pmClickTarget=e.target.outerHTML),window.addEventListener("touchend",pmTouchEndHandler),window.addEventListener("mouseup",pmTouchEndHandler),window.addEventListener("touchmove",pmTouchMoveHandler,{passive:!0}),window.addEventListener("mousemove",pmTouchMoveHandler),e.target.addEventListener("click",pmClickHandler),pmRenameDOMAttribute(e.target,"onclick","pm-onclick"),pmPendingClickStarted())}function pmTouchMoveHandler(e){window.removeEventListener("touchend",pmTouchEndHandler),window.removeEventListener("mouseup",pmTouchEndHandler),window.removeEventListener("touchmove",pmTouchMoveHandler,{passive:!0}),window.removeEventListener("mousemove",pmTouchMoveHandler),e.target.removeEventListener("click",pmClickHandler),pmRenameDOMAttribute(e.target,"pm-onclick","onclick"),pmPendingClickFinished()}function pmTouchEndHandler(e){window.removeEventListener("touchend",pmTouchEndHandler),window.removeEventListener("mouseup",pmTouchEndHandler),window.removeEventListener("touchmove",pmTouchMoveHandler,{passive:!0}),window.removeEventListener("mousemove",pmTouchMoveHandler)}function pmRenameDOMAttribute(e,t,n){e.hasAttribute&&e.hasAttribute(t)&&(event.target.setAttribute(n,event.target.getAttribute(t)),event.target.removeAttribute(t))}window.pmIsClickPending=!1,window.addEventListener("pageshow",e=>{window.pmPersisted=e.persisted}),pmUserInteractions.forEach(function(e){window.addEventListener(e,pmTriggerDOMListener,{passive:!0})}),pmDelayClick&&(window.addEventListener("touchstart",pmTouchStartHandler,{passive:!0}),window.addEventListener("mousedown",pmTouchStartHandler)),document.addEventListener("visibilitychange",pmTriggerDOMListener);</script></body> </html>