CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Gustaf Wrede - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"4d330334-1026-43c3-b816-06e37e47c476","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Gustaf_Wrede","wgTitle":"Gustaf Wrede","wgCurRevisionId":1275550651,"wgRevisionId":1275550651,"wgArticleId":48888586,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)","Use dmy dates from August 2019","Pages using infobox person with multiple parents","Articles with hCards","20th-century Finnish businesspeople","1889 births","1958 deaths","Valmet","Technische Universität Darmstadt alumni"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Gustaf_Wrede","wgRelevantArticleId":48888586,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q20253444","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false, "wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents", "ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Gustaf_Wrede.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1629"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Gustaf_Wrede.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1086"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="869"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Gustaf Wrede - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustaf_Wrede"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Wrede&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustaf_Wrede"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Gustaf_Wrede rootpage-Gustaf_Wrede skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Gustaf+Wrede" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Gustaf+Wrede" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Gustaf+Wrede" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Gustaf+Wrede" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Early_years_and_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_years_and_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Early years and studies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_years_and_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kullervo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kullervo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Kullervo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kullervo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dalsbruk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dalsbruk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dalsbruk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dalsbruk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Petsamon_Nikkeli" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Petsamon_Nikkeli"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Petsamon Nikkeli</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Petsamon_Nikkeli-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Valmet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Valmet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Valmet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Valmet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_career_and_organisational_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_career_and_organisational_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Political career and organisational activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_career_and_organisational_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Character" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Character"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Character</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Character-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sources-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sources subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gustaf Wrede</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 2 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-2" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">2 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustaf_Woldemar_Wrede" title="Gustaf Woldemar Wrede – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gustaf Woldemar Wrede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustaf_W._Wrede" title="Gustaf W. Wrede – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gustaf W. Wrede" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20253444#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Wrede" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Gustaf_Wrede" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Wrede"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Wrede&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Wrede&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Wrede"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Wrede&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Wrede&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Gustaf_Wrede" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Gustaf_Wrede" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Wrede&oldid=1275550651" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Wrede&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Gustaf_Wrede&id=1275550651&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGustaf_Wrede"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGustaf_Wrede"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Gustaf_Wrede&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Wrede&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gustaf_Wrede" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q20253444" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;">Freiherr</div><div class="fn">Gustaf Woldemar Wrede af Elimä</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gustaf_Wrede.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Gustaf_Wrede.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="190" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1889-07-28</span>)</span>28 July 1889<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Lepp%C3%A4virta" title="Leppävirta">Leppävirta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland" title="Grand Duchy of Finland">Grand Duchy of Finland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">17 February 1959<span style="display:none">(1959-02-17)</span> (aged 69)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Vantaa" title="Vantaa">Helsingin maalaiskunta</a>, Finland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Darmstadt" title="Technische Universität Darmstadt">Technische Universität Darmstadt</a>,B.Eng</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Employers</th><td class="infobox-data org"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Automobile_Company" title="Jackson Automobile Company">Jackson Automobile Company</a> (1912–1914)</li> <li>Åbo Jernmanufaktur ock Waggonfabrik (1914–1919)</li> <li>Tykö bruks Ab (1920–1921)</li> <li>Ab Dalsbruk (1922–1940)</li> <li>Suomen Pultti ja Konetehdas Oy (1924–1934)</li> <li>Suomen Lasitehdas (1935–1946)</li> <li>Petsamon Nikkeli Oy (1940–1945)</li> <li>Ares Oy (1945–1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valmet" title="Valmet">Valmet</a> Oy (1954–1958)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>Ebba née Tollet (1915–1919)</li> <li>Karin Sophie née Andelin (1920–1946)</li> <li>Asta née Örtengren (1948 →)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carolus_Wrede" title="Carolus Wrede">Carolus Wrede</a> and<br />Siri née Söderhjelm</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>Memorial Medal for <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">War of Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_White_Rose_of_Finland" title="Order of the White Rose of Finland">Commander of the White Rose of Finland</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Dannebrog" title="Order of the Dannebrog">Commander of Dannebrog</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Cross_of_Liberty" title="Order of the Cross of Liberty">Cross of Liberty, 3rd Class</a> (1940)</li> <li>Memorial Medal for <a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Cross_of_Liberty" title="Order of the Cross of Liberty">Medal of Liberty, 2nd Class</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Cross_of_Liberty" title="Order of the Cross of Liberty">Cross of Liberty, 2nd Class</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Lion_of_Finland" title="Order of the Lion of Finland">of the Order of the Lion of Finland, 1st class</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_White_Rose_of_Finland" title="Order of the White Rose of Finland">Commander of the White Rose of Finland, 1st class</a> (1956)<sup id="cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Gustaf Woldemar Wrede af Elimä</b> (28 July 1889 – 17 February 1958) was a Finnish <a href="/wiki/Freiherr" title="Freiherr">Freiherr</a>, engineer and businessman. He is best known for his contribution to Finnish <a href="/wiki/Tractor" title="Tractor">tractor</a> production. </p><p>Wrede was born to influential Finnish industrialist Wrede family; his father <a href="/wiki/Freiherr" title="Freiherr">Freiherr</a> <a href="/wiki/Carolus_Wrede" title="Carolus Wrede">Carolus Wrede</a> worked as manager in number of Finnish engineering companies. Due to his background, Wrede got a good education and subsequently a good position in his father's company, in which he designed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kullervo_(tractor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kullervo (tractor) (page does not exist)">Kullervo</a> tractor. </p><p>As manager of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalsbruk_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalsbruk (company) (page does not exist)">Ab Dalsbruk</a> Wrede grew a hardy manager who saved the company from closure and developed the production. During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> Wrede led the <a href="/wiki/Nickel_mine" title="Nickel mine">nickel mining</a> company <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petsamon_Nikkeli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petsamon Nikkeli (page does not exist)">Petsamon Nikkeli</a> Oy. After the war he led the <a href="/wiki/Metal_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Metal industry">metal industry</a> production for <a href="/wiki/Finnish_war_reparations_to_the_Soviet_Union" title="Finnish war reparations to the Soviet Union">war reparations to the Soviet Union</a>. As manager of <a href="/wiki/Valmet" title="Valmet">Valmet</a>, Wrede participated in developing of <a href="/wiki/Valmet_tractor" title="Valmet tractor">Valmet tractors</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_years_and_studies">Early years and studies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Wrede&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early years and studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wrede's parents were <a href="/wiki/Freiherr" title="Freiherr">Freiherr</a>, manager <a href="/wiki/Carolus_Wrede" title="Carolus Wrede">Carolus Wrede</a> and Siri née Söderhjelm.<sup id="cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His nickname within the family was <i>Dutta</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zilliacus:_s.63-81_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zilliacus:_s.63-81-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The affluent Wrede family had been involved in industrial development for generations already. Carolus Wrede was the main owner of engineering companies <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%85bo_Jernmanufaktur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Åbo Jernmanufaktur (page does not exist)">Åbo Jernmanufaktur</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%85bo_Waggonfabrik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Åbo Waggonfabrik (page does not exist)">Åbo Waggonfabrik</a>. It was rather natural, that also Gustaf Wrede became oriented to engineering. He studied eight grades in <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish-speaking</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gymnasiet_L%C3%A4rkan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gymnasiet Lärkan (page does not exist)">Nya svenska läroverket</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>. In 1907 he started studies in <a href="/wiki/Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Darmstadt" title="Technische Universität Darmstadt">Technische Universität Darmstadt</a> in <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a> where he graduated in 1911 as Mechanical Engineer.<sup id="cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Wrede's sister Siri married <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wahlforss" title="Wilhelm Wahlforss">Wilhelm Wahlforss</a>, who later became an influential businessman. Wrede and Wahlforss worked both as colleagues and later they both lead large competing engineering companies.<sup id="cite_ref-Zilliacus:_s.63-81_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zilliacus:_s.63-81-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kullervo">Kullervo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Wrede&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Kullervo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kullervo_tractor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Kullervo_tractor.jpg/240px-Kullervo_tractor.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Kullervo_tractor.jpg/360px-Kullervo_tractor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Kullervo_tractor.jpg/480px-Kullervo_tractor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Kullervo tractor ploughing.</figcaption></figure> <p>Carolus Wrede's companies produced <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_machinery" title="Agricultural machinery">agricultural machinery</a> and he became interested in <a href="/wiki/Tractor" title="Tractor">tractors</a>, as he saw a big market potential in <a href="/wiki/Russian_Plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Plain">Russian Plains</a> where fields reached as far as eye can see. Right after his studies Gustaf Wrede to United States to learn more about <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry" title="Automotive industry">vehicle production</a>. He worked for a number of <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Automotive industry in the United States">automotive companies</a> in 1911–1912. During 1912–1914 he worked as <a href="/wiki/Chief_engineer" title="Chief engineer">chief engineer</a> for <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Automobile_Company" title="Jackson Automobile Company">Jackson Automobile Company</a> in <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>, where he focused on learning tractor technology. In 1914 Wrede returned to Finland and became Chief Engineer of Åbo Jernmanufaktur, where he started to develop a tractor. The <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, which started shortly after, slowed down the development work; the factory was completely stopped during <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">Civil War</a> in 1918. The new tractor was finally introduced in the following autumn. In the meantime, <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Finnish Declaration of Independence">Finland had become an independent state</a> and the prominent Russian market was closed. However, the market of <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a> looked promising. <a href="/wiki/Serial_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial production">Serial production</a> of Wrede's tractor named <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kullervo_(tractor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kullervo (tractor) (page does not exist)">Kullervo</a> started in 1919. Kullervo was produced in two variants of different <a href="/wiki/Engine_power" title="Engine power">engine outputs</a>. The stronger, 30-<a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">hp</a> version was originally intended for the Russian export. The smaller, 15-hp model was designed for domestic market. While the construction was modern, Kullervo was not sales success; despite government <a href="/wiki/Subsidy" title="Subsidy">subsidies</a>, American <a href="/wiki/Fordson" title="Fordson">Fordson</a> ruled the Finnish market. Production ceased in 1924, until when just 300 units were sold.<sup id="cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1920–1922 Wrede worked as general manager in another agricultural machinery producer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tyk%C3%B6_bruks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tykö bruks (page does not exist)">Tykö bruks</a> Ab.<sup id="cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dalsbruk">Dalsbruk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Wrede&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dalsbruk"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dalsbruk_-_Kolugnarna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Dalsbruk_-_Kolugnarna.jpg/240px-Dalsbruk_-_Kolugnarna.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Dalsbruk_-_Kolugnarna.jpg/360px-Dalsbruk_-_Kolugnarna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Dalsbruk_-_Kolugnarna.jpg/480px-Dalsbruk_-_Kolugnarna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>Old coal furnaces in Dalsbruk.</figcaption></figure> <p>Wrede was recruited to lead <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dalsbruk_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalsbruk (company) (page does not exist)">Ab Dalsbruk</a> in 1922; Dalsbruk produced basic ironware products, such as <a href="/wiki/Bar_iron" class="mw-redirect" title="Bar iron">bar iron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chain" title="Chain">chain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nail_(fastener)" title="Nail (fastener)">nails</a>. Finland was in economical upswing and Wrede started an investment programme. Despite intense price competition, the company's <a href="/wiki/Order_book" title="Order book">order book</a> was in a good level. In January 1924 Dalsbruk became part of <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">German</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wuppermann_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wuppermann (company) (page does not exist)">Wuppermann</a> company, which secured its financial status giving security to investments; the most important ones were a new <a href="/wiki/Foundry" title="Foundry">foundry</a> and modern <a href="/wiki/Rolling_mill" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolling mill">rolling mill</a>. The Wuppermann family had high expectations for potential of the Dalsbruk factory and invested on it total 23.5 million <a href="/wiki/Finnish_mark" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish mark">Finnish marks</a>. The youngest son of the owning family Gerhard Wuppermann was appointed deputy director.<sup id="cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Already in 1926 the company started to have problems; it was hit by <a href="/wiki/Recession" title="Recession">recession</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">strike</a> that took for over two months from June until August. Problems continued in the following year, when Dalsbruk was in strike and <a href="/wiki/Lockout_(industry)" title="Lockout (industry)">lockout</a> for total seven months. When this was over, the economic cycle had turned worse. Dalsbruk operated then just four days per week and the number of shifts was cut down. Wuppermann family had to fund the operations by <a href="/wiki/Bill_of_exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill of exchange">bills of exchange</a>. The company still owned large areas of land which was eventually sold; this reduced the need for money borrowed. In 1929 the company debt reached 5.5 million marks and in addition Wuppermann family had taken debt for Dalsbruk for 10.5 million. The Wuppermanns decided to run down operations in Dalsbruk in a hygienic manner. In September 1930 the family gave Dalsbruk shares to Wrede, whose task was now to make the tough decisions. Salaries were cut, chain and nail production was sold and headcount was reduced. As the Finnish government changed its tariff policy more favourable, Wrede managed to press the losses down in 1930–1931. Abandoning of <a href="/wiki/Gold_standard" title="Gold standard">gold standard</a> in autumn 1931 and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Devaluation" title="Devaluation">devaluation</a> improved Dalsbruk's competitiveness. On the other hand, following collapse of international raw material bar <a href="/wiki/Cartel" title="Cartel">cartel</a>, competition had become more intense and prices dropped.<sup id="cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1932 Dalsbruk got a large order for <a href="/wiki/Train_wheel" title="Train wheel">train wheels</a> and axles from the <a href="/wiki/VR_Group" title="VR Group">State Railways</a>, which led to immediate improvement; prices had stabilised, the factory was saved, Wrede had become its owner and paid compensation to Wuppermann family for continuation of operations. Wrede continued investing on the Dalsbruk.<sup id="cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before Dalsbruk, Wrede had succeeded in his life mainly because of his <a href="/wiki/Finnish_nobility" title="Finnish nobility">noble</a> background and wealthy family. The experience he gained as manager had a major impact on the rest of his life and toughened him to perform in his later duties.<sup id="cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1939 he sold his Dalsbruk shares to <a href="/wiki/W%C3%A4rtsil%C3%A4" title="Wärtsilä">Wärtsilä</a> Group, a company led by his brother-in-law, Wilhelm Wahlforss.<sup id="cite_ref-Zilliacus:_s.138-149_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zilliacus:_s.138-149-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During 1924–1934 Wrede led Suomen Pultti ja Konetehdas Oy and in 1935–1946 he worked as manager of Suomen Lasitehdas.<sup id="cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a> broke out in 1939, Wrede was appointed the acting manager of Wärtsilä Group in the meantime when Wahlforss travelled abroad to negotiate about war material purchasing.<sup id="cite_ref-Zilliacus:_s.151-166_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zilliacus:_s.151-166-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Petsamon_Nikkeli">Petsamon Nikkeli</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Wrede&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Petsamon Nikkeli"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PetsamoMines.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/PetsamoMines.jpg/240px-PetsamoMines.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/PetsamoMines.jpg/360px-PetsamoMines.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/PetsamoMines.jpg/480px-PetsamoMines.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1377" data-file-height="859" /></a><figcaption>Petsamo nickel mine in the 1930s.</figcaption></figure> <p>Wrede got an offer for manager position in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Petsamon_Nikkeli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Petsamon Nikkeli (page does not exist)">Petsamon Nikkeli</a> Oy in <a href="/wiki/Pechengsky_District" title="Pechengsky District">Petsamo</a> 1940, right after the Winter War. He took the challenging position and sold his Dalsbruk shares. The company management had recently decided to invest on <a href="/wiki/Kolosjoki" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolosjoki">Kolosjoki</a> mine and Wrede led the construction project determinedly. The mine was in focal point in global politics: Petsamon Nikkeli belonged to British <a href="/wiki/Mond_Nickel_Company" title="Mond Nickel Company">Mond Nickel Company</a> which wanted to close the mine when the Finnish-German relations started to improve during the <a href="/wiki/Interim_Peace" title="Interim Peace">Interim Peace</a>. In response, the Finnish government took the mine under its control. Mining began in 1940 and the nickel was sold to <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a> for low price. <a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Continuation War</a> between Finland and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> began in 1941. Wrede worked under high pressure negotiating about deliveries and other conditions with the German customers. In addition to the company, Wrede led the community grown around the mine. Due to political conditions, Wrede had to leave the mine in September 1944; he placed the company keys on his office desk before he left. Subsequently, Petsamo was ceded to Soviet Union in <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Armistice" title="Moscow Armistice">Moscow Armistice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Valmet">Valmet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Wrede&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Valmet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valmet_tractors_Kiv%C3%A4%C3%A4ritehdas_in_1950s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Valmet_tractors_Kiv%C3%A4%C3%A4ritehdas_in_1950s.jpg/240px-Valmet_tractors_Kiv%C3%A4%C3%A4ritehdas_in_1950s.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Valmet_tractors_Kiv%C3%A4%C3%A4ritehdas_in_1950s.jpg/360px-Valmet_tractors_Kiv%C3%A4%C3%A4ritehdas_in_1950s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Valmet_tractors_Kiv%C3%A4%C3%A4ritehdas_in_1950s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="266" /></a><figcaption>New <a href="/wiki/Valmet_tractor" title="Valmet tractor">Valmet tractors</a> at <a href="/wiki/Valtion_Kiv%C3%A4%C3%A4ritehdas" title="Valtion Kivääritehdas">State Rifle Factory</a> in the 1950s.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the war Wrede was called to lead engineering industry production in <a href="/wiki/Finnish_war_reparations_to_the_Soviet_Union" title="Finnish war reparations to the Soviet Union">Delegation of War Reparation Industry (Soteva)</a>, where he worked in 1944–1952. In 1945–1951 he worked as manager of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ares_(company)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ares (company) (page does not exist)">Ares Oy</a>. He was nominated to lead <a href="/wiki/Valmet" title="Valmet">Valmet</a> but the left-wing member of the board resisted the idea. Situation changed in the 1950s after Finland had paid off the war reparations – Valmet fell into crisis, as it had to find new lines of business and start working in free market. The company needed an experienced and determined leader, and Wrede became selected new manager of Valmet in 1954 after nomination by <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4in%C3%B6_Tanner" title="Väinö Tanner">Väinö Tanner</a>. Valmet had been formed by putting together a number of companies, many of them experienced in <a href="/wiki/Defence_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence industry">defence industry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was the most significant domestic competitor of the other leading Finnish engineering company Wärtsilä Group − managed by Wrede's brother-in-law.<sup id="cite_ref-Zilliacus:_s.63-81_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zilliacus:_s.63-81-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When seeking for a new direction, <a href="/wiki/Valmet_tractor" title="Valmet tractor">Valmet had started producing tractors</a>. Wrede had a passion to the subject, originating from his youth, and he participated actively on tractor designing. Finnish agriculture mechanised rapidly in the 1950s and Valmet tractors gained a strong foothold in the domestic market.<sup id="cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gustaf Wrede died at his home in <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigstedt_Manor" title="Königstedt Manor">Königstedt Manor</a> in February 1958 after suffering of cancer.<sup id="cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career_and_organisational_activities">Political career and organisational activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Wrede&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Political career and organisational activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During 1937–1940 Wrede was chairman of the Finnish Metal Industry Employers' Association. He was board member in Employers' Central Association in 1932–1933, 1937–1943 and 1955–1956 and chairman in 1941–1942.<sup id="cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1935–1940 Wrede was chairman of <a href="/wiki/Dragsfj%C3%A4rd" title="Dragsfjärd">Dragsfjärd</a> municipal council.<sup id="cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Character">Character</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Wrede&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Character"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wrede was regarded as proficient engineer. As a manager Wrede was an old school industrialist who rather built connections than oriented on marketing. There are number of examples when Wrede rather approached politicians instead of competing in open market.<sup id="cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Wrede&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wrede was married for three times. A 1915 started marriage with Ebba née Tollet ended in divorce in 1919. He got married again in 1920 to Karin Sophie née Andelin in 1920 and the couple divorced in 1946. In 1948 Wrede married Asta née Örtengren; this marriage lasted until Wrede's death.<sup id="cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1949 Wrede bought Königstedt Manor for his residence.<sup id="cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Wrede&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZilliacus1984" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Zilliacus" title="Benedict Zilliacus">Zilliacus, Benedict</a> (1984). <i>Wilhelm Wahlforss</i> (in Finnish). Translated from Swedish by Riitta Valajärvi. Porvoo: Oy Wärtsilä Ab. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/951-99541-8-X" title="Special:BookSources/951-99541-8-X"><bdi>951-99541-8-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wilhelm+Wahlforss&rft.place=Porvoo&rft.pub=Oy+W%C3%A4rtsil%C3%A4+Ab&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=951-99541-8-X&rft.aulast=Zilliacus&rft.aufirst=Benedict&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustaf+Wrede" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Wrede&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biografiakeskus:_Gustaf_Wrede_1-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeppinen2007" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Seppinen, Ilkka (30 July 2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kansallisbiografia.fi/kb/artikkeli/1537/">"Wrede, Gustaf (1889–1958)"</a></span>. <i>Kansallisbiografia</i> (in Finnish). Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kansallisbiografia&rft.atitle=Wrede%2C+Gustaf+%281889%E2%80%931958%29&rft.date=2007-07-30&rft.aulast=Seppinen&rft.aufirst=Ilkka&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kansallisbiografia.fi%2Fkb%2Fartikkeli%2F1537%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGustaf+Wrede" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zilliacus:_s.63-81-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zilliacus:_s.63-81_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zilliacus:_s.63-81_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zilliacus:_s.63-81_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zilliacus: <i>Appelassa.</i> pp. 63–81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zilliacus:_s.138-149-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zilliacus:_s.138-149_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zilliacus: <i>Ahven.</i> pp. 138–149.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zilliacus:_s.151-166-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Zilliacus:_s.151-166_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Zilliacus: <i>Myötäinen myrsky.</i> pp. 151–166.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox405" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20253444#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000125078">Finland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Wrede&oldid=1275550651">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Wrede&oldid=1275550651</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_Finnish_businesspeople" title="Category:20th-century Finnish businesspeople">20th-century Finnish businesspeople</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1889_births" title="Category:1889 births">1889 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1958_deaths" title="Category:1958 deaths">1958 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Valmet" title="Category:Valmet">Valmet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Technische_Universit%C3%A4t_Darmstadt_alumni" title="Category:Technische Universität Darmstadt alumni">Technische Universität Darmstadt alumni</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Finnish-language_sources_(fi)" title="Category:CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)">CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2019" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2019">Use dmy dates from August 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_person_with_multiple_parents" title="Category:Pages using infobox person with multiple parents">Pages using infobox person with multiple parents</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 February 2025, at 18:17<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gustaf_Wrede&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gustaf Wrede</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>2 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-5hzb7","wgBackendResponseTime":109,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.283","walltime":"0.362","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2097,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":14016,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3434,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":19872,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 308.156 1 -total"," 41.25% 127.127 1 Template:Infobox_person"," 22.58% 69.588 1 Template:Cite_book"," 19.21% 59.199 1 Template:Authority_control"," 16.68% 51.394 4 Template:Br_separated_entries"," 10.71% 32.994 1 Template:Birth_date"," 8.73% 26.893 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates"," 6.77% 20.850 21 Template:Pluralize_from_text"," 6.01% 18.529 1 Template:Reflist"," 5.08% 15.654 15 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.164","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4867313,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7c99945f4b-nkxsl","timestamp":"20250213181738","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Gustaf Wrede","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gustaf_Wrede","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q20253444","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q20253444","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2015-12-23T00:44:55Z","dateModified":"2025-02-13T18:17:36Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6a\/Gustaf_Wrede.jpg","headline":"Finnish engineer and businessman (1889\u20131958)"}</script> </body> </html>