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Rudolf Hess - Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi

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<span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tidlige liv</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tidlige_liv-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hess_og_nazismen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hess_og_nazismen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Hess og nazismen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hess_og_nazismen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2._verdenskrig" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2._verdenskrig"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>2. verdenskrig</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2._verdenskrig-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retsopgør" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retsopgør"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Retsopgør</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retsopgør-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hess&#039;_sygdom_og_død" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hess&#039;_sygdom_og_død"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Hess' sygdom og død</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hess&#039;_sygdom_og_død-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kilder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kilder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Kilder</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kilder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_henvisninger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_henvisninger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Eksterne henvisninger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_henvisninger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul indholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rudolf Hess</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikel på et andet sprog. Tilgængelig på 67 sprog" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-67" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">67 sprog</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%81_%D9%87%D8%B3" title="رودلف هس – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رودلف هس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%81_%D9%87%D8%B3" title="رودلف هس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رودلف هس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Рудольф Гес – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рудольф Гес" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Рудолф Хес – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рудолф Хес" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – catalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – tjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84" title="Гесс Рудольф – tjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гесс Рудольф" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_He%C3%9F" title="Rudolf Heß – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rudolf Heß" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%86_%CE%95%CF%82_(%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82)" title="Ρούντολφ Ες (πολιτικός) – græsk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρούντολφ Ες (πολιτικός)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="græsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_He%C3%9F" title="Rudolf Heß – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rudolf Heß" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolph_Hess" title="Rudolph Hess – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Rudolph Hess" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%81_%D9%87%D8%B3" title="رودلف هس – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رودلف هس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – galicisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A3_%D7%94%D7%A1" title="רודולף הס – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רודולף הס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_He%C3%9F" title="Rudolf Heß – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rudolf Heß" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_He%C3%9F" title="Rudolf Heß – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rudolf Heß" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%AC%D6%86_%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BD" title="Ռուդոլֆ Հեսս – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռուդոլֆ Հեսս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%83%BB%E3%83%98%E3%82%B9" title="ルドルフ・ヘス – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルドルフ・ヘス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A4_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="რუდოლფ ჰესი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რუდოლფ ჰესი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EB%8F%8C%ED%94%84_%ED%97%A4%EC%8A%A4" title="루돌프 헤스 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루돌프 헤스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolphus_Hess" title="Rudolphus Hess – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Rudolphus Hess" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C5%ABdolfs_Hess" title="Rūdolfs Hess – lettisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Rūdolfs Hess" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Рудолф Хес – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рудолф Хес" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BE%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="റുഡോൾഫ് ഹെസ് – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റുഡോൾഫ് ഹെസ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – malajisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – occitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_He%C3%9F" title="Rudolf Heß – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rudolf Heß" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – rumænsk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumænsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81,_%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84" title="Гесс, Рудольф – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гесс, Рудольф" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_He%C3%9F" title="Rudolf Heß – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rudolf Heß" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84_%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Рудолф Хес – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рудолф Хес" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="god artikel"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9F_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AA" title="รูด็อล์ฟ เฮ็ส – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รูด็อล์ฟ เฮ็ส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%84_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81" title="Рудольф Гесс – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рудольф Гесс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%81_%DB%81%D8%B3" title="رودلف ہس – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رودلف ہس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E6%96%AF" title="鲁道夫·赫斯 – wu-kinesisk" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="鲁道夫·赫斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A3%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A4_%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="რუდოლფ ჰესი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="რუდოლფ ჰესი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%93%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%A3_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%A1" title="רודאלף העס – jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="רודאלף העס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E6%96%AF" title="鲁道夫·赫斯 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鲁道夫·赫斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Rudolf Hess – min-kinesisk" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Rudolf Hess" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min-kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E9%81%93%E5%A4%AB%E8%B5%AB%E6%96%AF" title="魯道夫赫斯 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="魯道夫赫斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q75866#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Redigér sproglinks" class="wbc-editpage">Redigér links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerum"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hess" title="Se indholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskussion:Rudolf_Hess" rel="discussion" title="Diskussion om indholdet på siden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ændr sprogvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">dansk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hess"><span>Læs</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Hess&amp;veaction=edit" title="Redigér denne side [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigér</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Hess&amp;action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Hess&amp;action=history" title="Tidligere versioner af denne side [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideværktøjer"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Værktøjer" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Værktøjer</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Værktøjer</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flyt til sidebjælken</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere muligheder" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hess"><span>Læs</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Hess&amp;veaction=edit" title="Redigér denne side [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Redigér</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Hess&amp;action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne side [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kildekode</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Hess&amp;action=history"><span>Se historik</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Hvad_linker_hertil/Rudolf_Hess" title="Liste med alle sider som henviser hertil [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Hvad henviser hertil</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Relaterede_%C3%A6ndringer/Rudolf_Hess" rel="nofollow" title="Seneste ændringer af sider som denne side henviser til [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Beslægtede ændringer</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=da&amp;campaign=dk" title="Upload filer [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload fil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:Specialsider" title="Liste over alle specialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Hess&amp;oldid=11875745" title="Permanent link til denne version af denne side"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Hess&amp;action=info" title="Yderligere oplysninger om denne side"><span>Sideinformation</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:Citer&amp;page=Rudolf_Hess&amp;id=11875745&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information om, hvordan man kan citere denne side"><span>Referer til denne side</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fda.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRudolf_Hess"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciel:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fda.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FRudolf_Hess"><span>Download QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Organisation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Organisation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Organisation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt_Wikipedia"><span>Kontakt Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Wikimedia-Danmark" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopædi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="da" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11833479">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .infobox{width:22em}.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output 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.infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data div{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 130%;"><span class="fn">Rudolf Hess</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1987-0313-507,_Rudolf_Hess.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1987-0313-507%2C_Rudolf_Hess.jpg/220px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1987-0313-507%2C_Rudolf_Hess.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1987-0313-507%2C_Rudolf_Hess.jpg/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1987-0313-507%2C_Rudolf_Hess.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1987-0313-507%2C_Rudolf_Hess.jpg/440px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-1987-0313-507%2C_Rudolf_Hess.jpg 2x" data-file-width="546" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Rudolf Hess</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11833479"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender">Stellvertreter des Führers<br />Førerens stedfortræder</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><b>Embedsperiode</b><br /><a href="/wiki/21._april" title="21. april">21. april</a> <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>&#160;–&#32;<a href="/wiki/21._maj" title="21. maj">21. maj</a> <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11833479"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Foregående</th><td class="infobox-data">Ingen, posten oprettet</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span style="white-space:nowrap">Efterfulgt af</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Martin Bormann</a><br /><small>(Som chef for Parteikanzlei)</small></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:lavender">Personlige detaljer</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Født</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/26._april" title="26. april">26. april</a> <a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypten" title="Egypten">Egypten</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Død</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/17._august" title="17. august">17. august</a> <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a> (93&#160;år)<br /><a href="/wiki/Spandau" title="Spandau">Spandau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vesttyskland" title="Vesttyskland">Vesttyskland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dødsårsag</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kv%C3%A6lning" title="Kvælning">Kvælning</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Gravsted</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Nords%C3%B8en" title="Nordsøen">Nordsøen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wunsiedel" title="Wunsiedel">Wunsiedel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fulde navn</th><td class="infobox-data">Rudolf Walter Richard Hess</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationalitet</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">Tysker</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Politisk&#160;parti</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NSDAP" title="NSDAP">Det Nationalsocialistiske Tyske Arbejderparti</a> (NSDAP)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ægtefælle(r)</th><td class="infobox-data">Ilse Pröhl</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Børn</th><td class="infobox-data">Wolf Rüdiger Hess</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mor</th><td class="infobox-data">Clara Münch<small></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Far</th><td class="infobox-data">Fritz Hess<small></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Uddannelses&#173;sted</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit%C3%A4t_M%C3%BCnchen" title="Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München">Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lutheranisme" title="Lutheranisme">Lutheranisme</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Underskrift</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Rudolf_Hess_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Rudolf_Hess_Signature.svg/128px-Rudolf_Hess_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Rudolf_Hess_Signature.svg/192px-Rudolf_Hess_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Rudolf_Hess_Signature.svg/256px-Rudolf_Hess_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="124" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right; font-size: 90%"><small>Informationen kan være hentet fra <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="d:">Wikidata</a>.</small><br /><div style="text-align: right;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75866" title="d:Q75866"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Wikidata-logo_S.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo_S.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Wikidata-logo_S.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo_S.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Wikidata-logo_S.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo_S.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>&#160;<small>&#91;<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75866" class="extiw" title="d:Q75866"> redigér på Wikidata</a> ]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/15px-Confusion_colour.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/23px-Confusion_colour.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Confusion_colour.svg/30px-Confusion_colour.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <i>Ikke at forveksle med <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_H%C3%B6ss" class="mw-redirect" title="Rudolf Höss">Rudolf Höss</a>.</i></dd></dl> <p><b>Rudolf Walter Richard Hess</b> (født <a href="/wiki/26._april" title="26. april">26. april</a> <a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a>, død <a href="/wiki/17._august" title="17. august">17. august</a> <a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a>) var en <a href="/wiki/Tyskland" title="Tyskland">tysk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nazisme" title="Nazisme">nationalsocialistisk</a> <a href="/wiki/Politiker" title="Politiker">politiker</a> fra <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>-<a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>, der var <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitlers</a> stedfortræder fra <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a>-<a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tidlige_liv">Tidlige liv</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Hess&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Redigér afsnit: Tidlige liv" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Hess&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Tidlige liv"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rudolf Hess blev født i <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> i <a href="/wiki/Egypten" title="Egypten">Egypten</a> som søn af en velhavende forretningsmand Fritz Hess og Clara Hess. </p><p>Familien flyttede til Tyskland, hvor Hess kom i skole. Faderen håbede på, at hans søn ville følge i hans fodspor, men den unge Hess drømte om at blive <a href="/wiki/Astronom" title="Astronom">astronom</a>, men det modsatte faderen sig, og den unge Hess kom i handelslære i <a href="/wiki/Hamborg" title="Hamborg">Hamborg</a>. </p><p>Da <a href="/wiki/1._verdenskrig" title="1. verdenskrig">1. verdenskrig</a> brød ud i <a href="/wiki/August" title="August">august</a> <a href="/wiki/1914" title="1914">1914</a>, meldte han sig til det 7. bayerske artilleriregiment og blev sendt til <a href="/wiki/Vestfronten" title="Vestfronten">Vestfronten</a>. Han kom til at gøre tjeneste ved infanteriet og deltog bl.a. i <a href="/wiki/Slaget_ved_Verdun" title="Slaget ved Verdun">kampene ved Verdun</a>. </p><p>I slutningen af sommeren <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>, verdenskrigens sidste år, meldte han sig ind i det tyske luftvåben og gik i gang med en uddannelse som jagerpilot. Men inden uddannelsen var færdiggjort, sluttede krigen den <a href="/wiki/11._november" title="11. november">11. november</a> <a href="/wiki/1918" title="1918">1918</a>. Han opnåede rang af <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B8jtnant" title="Løjtnant">løjtnant</a>. </p><p>Efter krigens afslutning bosatte han sig i <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnchen" title="München">München</a> og læste <a href="/wiki/Historie" title="Historie">historie</a> og <a href="/wiki/%C3%98konomi" title="Økonomi">økonomi</a> på universitetet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hess_og_nazismen">Hess og nazismen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Hess&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Redigér afsnit: Hess og nazismen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Hess&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Hess og nazismen"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I <a href="/wiki/Marts" title="Marts">marts</a> <a href="/wiki/1919" title="1919">1919</a> meldte den 24-årige Hess sig ind i en bande af krigsveteraner fra det højreradikale miljø. Han mødte Adolf Hitler til et politisk møde i 1920 i en ølstue; det gjorde så stort indtryk på ham, at han meldte sig ind i hans parti og siden fulgte ham. </p><p>Han deltog i <a href="/wiki/November" title="November">november</a> <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a> i det fejlslagne kupforsøg i München, og han marcherede her i første geled med Hitler og <a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%B6hm" title="Ernst Röhm">Ernst Röhm</a>. Han blev som Hitler anholdt og idømt 18 måneders fængsel, der skulle afsones i Landsbergfængslet. Her nedskrev han efter Hitlers diktat bogen <i><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a></i>, som skulle blive Tysklands mest udbredte værk. </p><p>Da Hitler i <a href="/wiki/1933" title="1933">1933</a> blev udnævnt til Tysklands rigs<a href="/wiki/Kansler" title="Kansler">kansler</a> og fik magten i Tyskland, blev Hess gjort til rigsminister uden portefølje og udnævnt til Hitlers stedfortræder, en tom titel. To år senere begik han den fejl at ansætte <a href="/wiki/Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Martin Bormann</a> som sin stabschef. Bormann gik nemlig straks i gang med at udhule Hess' magt og blev med tiden mere magtfuld end Hess selv. </p><p>Hess havde kun ét ønske – at tjene sin fører og blive en magtfuld og respekteret topnazist. Men det mislykkedes gennem <a href="/wiki/1930%27erne" title="1930&#39;erne">1930'erne</a> takket været Bormann. Hess kendte udmærket til styrets grusomheder. Det var ham, der fjernede general <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Mieth" title="Friedrich Mieth">Friedrich Mieth</a>, der nedbrød hærens moral ved foran sine officerer at tale mod <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS</a>' aktiviteter ved Østfronten. Hess modtog klager over <a href="/wiki/Eutanasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Eutanasi">eutanasi</a>-drabene på handikappede, men nøjedes med at sende klagerne videre til <a href="/wiki/Himmler" class="mw-redirect" title="Himmler">Himmlers</a> kontor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2._verdenskrig">2. verdenskrig</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Hess&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Redigér afsnit: 2. verdenskrig" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Hess&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: 2. verdenskrig"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Da <a href="/wiki/2._verdenskrig" title="2. verdenskrig">2. verdenskrig</a> brød ud i <a href="/wiki/September" title="September">september</a> <a href="/wiki/1939" title="1939">1939</a>, udnævnte Hitler det <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe_(Wehrmacht)" title="Luftwaffe (Wehrmacht)">tyske luftvåbens</a> øverstbefalende, rigsmarskal <a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a>, til sin stedfortræder, så Hess var nu kun nr. 3 i partiet. </p><p>Ved <a href="/wiki/Slaget_om_Frankrig" title="Slaget om Frankrig">Frankrigs fald</a> i <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a> prøvede Hitler på alle måder at overtale <a href="/wiki/Storbritannien" title="Storbritannien">Storbritannien</a> til at slutte fred, men briterne stod fast. De ville kæmpe til det sidste, og nu så Hess en mulighed for at få anerkendelse: Han fløj til Storbritannien for at forhandle med briterne om fred mellem Storbritannien og Tyskland. </p><p>Den <a href="/wiki/10._maj" title="10. maj">10. maj</a> <a href="/wiki/1941" title="1941">1941</a> fløj han mod <a href="/wiki/Skotland" title="Skotland">Skotland</a>. Han navigerede ved hjælp af <a href="/wiki/Kalundborg_Radiofonistation" title="Kalundborg Radiofonistation">radiosenderne i Kalundborg</a>. Hans mål var hertugen af <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(Skotland)" title="Hamilton (Skotland)">Hamiltons</a> gods nær den skotske by <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>. Han mente, at de kunne mødes med <a href="/wiki/George_6._af_Det_Forenede_Kongerige" class="mw-redirect" title="George 6. af Det Forenede Kongerige">Kong George</a> og få overtalt <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a> til at slutte fred med Tyskland. </p><p>Da Hess landede (han sprang ud med faldskærm for at undgå at blive skudt ned af engelske jagere), prøvede han at nå Hamiltons gods, men blev fanget af den britiske Home Guard. Hans mission mislykkedes. Churchill var ikke interesseret i at slutte fred med Tyskland. Hitler blev rasende over flugten, og han betegnede den som <a href="/wiki/Forr%C3%A6deri" title="Forræderi">forræderi</a> begået af en sindssyg person. Hess blev frataget alle sine hverv, og Bormann blev udnævnt som hans efterfølger. Det er dog kommet frem at Hitler kunne have været interesseret i at slutte fred, men ikke officielt ville stå ved Hess' mislykkede operation.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Dog er det vanskeligt at tolke på Hitlers udtalelser under krisemødet, da flugten var under udførelse, om han beundrede Hess's handling og evne til at gennemføre den i almindelighed, eller håbede at missionens mål ville kunne opfyldes. </p><p>Hess blev overført til <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a> og siden flyttet til Mytchett Place i Aldershot (Surrey), hvor han forsøgte selvmord ved at springe ud over balkonen. Han blev derfor flyttet til Maindiff Court Hospital i Wales, hvor han forsøgte et dårligt tilrettelagt selvmord og måtte sys med to sting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retsopgør"><span id="Retsopg.C3.B8r"></span>Retsopgør</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Hess&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Redigér afsnit: Retsopgør" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Hess&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Retsopgør"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Defendants_in_the_dock_at_the_Nuremberg_Trials.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Defendants_in_the_dock_at_the_Nuremberg_Trials.jpg/220px-Defendants_in_the_dock_at_the_Nuremberg_Trials.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Defendants_in_the_dock_at_the_Nuremberg_Trials.jpg/330px-Defendants_in_the_dock_at_the_Nuremberg_Trials.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Defendants_in_the_dock_at_the_Nuremberg_Trials.jpg/440px-Defendants_in_the_dock_at_the_Nuremberg_Trials.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2944" data-file-height="2274" /></a><figcaption>Rudolf Hess ses her som nummer to fra venstre på forreste række ved krigsforbryderdomstolen i Nürnberg</figcaption></figure> <p>Da krigen var slut, og Tyskland og store dele af <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> lå i ruiner, havde <a href="/wiki/USA" title="USA">USA</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, Frankrig og <a href="/wiki/Sovjetunionen" title="Sovjetunionen">Sovjetunionen</a> aftalt at oprette en international domstol med henblik på retsforfølgning af krigsforbrydere. Et resultat var <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCrnbergprocessen" title="Nürnbergprocessen">Nürnbergprocessen</a>, hvor 21 topnazister kom for retten og blev dømt til døden eller fik lange fængselsdomme. Hess blev kendt skyldig i følgende anklagepunkter: </p> <ul><li>Forbrydelser mod freden</li> <li>Deltagelse i sammensværgelse om at begå forbrydelser mod freden.</li></ul> <p>I sit afsluttende indlæg i Nürnberg var Hess stadig helt og fuldt Hitlers mand: "<i>Jeg fik gennem mange år af mit liv lov til at arbejde for den største søn, mit folk i løbet af sin tusindårige historie har frembragt. Selv om jeg kunne, ville jeg ikke fjerne den tid fra mit liv. Jeg er lykkelig over at vide, at jeg har gjort min pligt mod mit folk – min pligt som tysker, som nationalsocialist, som en loyal tilhænger af Føreren. Jeg fortryder intet...</i>" Dommerne havde indtil den udtalelse hældt til en frifindelse pga. at Hess under det meste af retssagen fremstod mentalt utilregnelig. Nogen mener at Hess netop med udtalelsen havde håbet på at overbevise dommerne netop at han var mentalt utilregnelig. </p><p>Dommen blev fængsel på livstid i <a href="/wiki/Spandau-f%C3%A6ngslet" title="Spandau-fængslet">Spandau-fængslet</a> i <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, hvor han sad til sin død i 1987. Andre af de dømte sad også i fængslet, men flere af dem blev løsladt på grund af svigtende helbred. Fra <a href="/wiki/1966" title="1966">1966</a> var Hess den eneste fange, og mange arbejdede for hans løsladelse. Churchill mente, at Hess var blevet mere et psykiatrisk tilfælde end et kriminelt. Men Sovjetunionen modsatte sig en løsladelse. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hess'_sygdom_og_død"><span id="Hess.27_sygdom_og_d.C3.B8d"></span>Hess' sygdom og død</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Hess&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Redigér afsnit: Hess&#039; sygdom og død" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Hess&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Hess&#039; sygdom og død"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Rudolf_Hess_-_extracto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/Rudolf_Hess_-_extracto.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="178" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="178" /></a><figcaption>Rudolf Hess i sin celle</figcaption></figure> <p>Den 8. juli 1986 blev Hess ført fra Spandau-fængslet i Vestberlin til et engelsk militærhospital. Han var blevet ramt af et hjerteanfald, men kunne få dage efter vende tilbage til Spandau-fængslet. Han var stærkt svækket mentalt og døde 93 år gammel efter <a href="/wiki/Selvmord" title="Selvmord">selvmord</a> ved <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A6ngning" title="Hængning">hængning</a> efter 46 års fængsling. </p><p>Rudolf Hess er siden blevet kultfigur for det nynazistiske miljø, og myterne om hans flugt til Storbritannien og specielt om hans død er talrige. </p><p>Hess er kædet sammen med Rudolf Steiners <a href="/wiki/Antroposofi" title="Antroposofi">Antroposofi</a>. Som sværmer for <a href="/wiki/Okkultismen" class="mw-redirect" title="Okkultismen">okkultismen</a> og det oversanselige skulle Hess være inspireret af <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner" title="Rudolf Steiner">Rudolf Steiner</a>, og han optrådte som beskytter af <a href="/wiki/Steinerskole" class="mw-redirect" title="Steinerskole">Steinerskolerne</a>. </p><p>Hess blev i første omgang begravet i <a href="/wiki/Wunsiedel" title="Wunsiedel">Wunsiedel</a>, men i 2011 er graven, som følge af nynazistiske, heltedyrkende demonstrationer, på lokalbefolkningens foranledning blevet sløjfet og Hess' jordiske rester kremeret og spredt i Nordsøen. Gravstenen, med indskriften "Ich hab's gewagt" (Jeg har vovet det) blev knust. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kilder">Kilder</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Hess&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Redigér afsnit: Kilder" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Hess&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Kilder"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11780210">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bt.dk/nyheder/hitler-oenskede-at-slutte-fred-med-england-i-1941">Hitler ønskede at slutte fred med England i 1941 – Nyheder – BT.dk</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r11752076">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFBBC_News2011" class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14232768">"Top Nazi Rudolf Hess exhumed from 'pilgrimage' grave"</a>. BBC News. 21. juli 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Hentet 27. februar 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Top+Nazi+Rudolf+Hess+exhumed+from+%27pilgrimage%27+grave&amp;rft.date=2011-07-21&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-14232768&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fda.wikipedia.org%3ARudolf+Hess" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_henvisninger">Eksterne henvisninger</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Hess&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Redigér afsnit: Eksterne henvisninger" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redigér</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Hess&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Eksterne henvisninger"><span>rediger kildetekst</span></a><span 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href="/w/index.php?title=Skabelondiskussion:Hitlers_kabinet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Skabelondiskussion:Hitlers kabinet (ikke skrevet endnu)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Hitlers_kabinet" title="Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Hitlers kabinet"><abbr title="Rediger denne skabelon" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hitlers_kabinet(30._januar_1933_–_30._april_1945)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Regeringen_Adolf_Hitler&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Regeringen Adolf Hitler (ikke skrevet endnu)">Hitlers kabinet</a><br /><span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%"><span style="font-weight:normal;">(30. januar 1933 – 30. april 1945)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tyske_kanslere" title="Tyske kanslere">Kansler</a> og <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BChrer" class="mw-redirect" title="Führer">Führer</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Papen" title="Franz von Papen">Franz von Papen (uafh.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_von_Neurath" title="Konstantin von Neurath">Konstantin von Neurath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Frick" title="Wilhelm Frick">Wilhelm Frick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler" title="Heinrich Himmler">Heinrich Himmler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Ludwig_Schwerin_von_Krosigk" title="Johann Ludwig Schwerin von Krosigk">Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk (uafh.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hugenberg" title="Alfred Hugenberg">Alfred Hugenberg</a> (<a href="/wiki/Deutschnationale_Volkspartei" title="Deutschnationale Volkspartei">DNVP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Schmitt" title="Kurt Schmitt">Kurt Schmitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Schacht" title="Hjalmar Schacht">Hjalmar Schacht (uafh.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Funk" title="Walther Funk">Walther Funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Seldte" title="Franz Seldte">Franz Seldte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_G%C3%BCrtner" title="Franz Gürtner">Franz Gürtner</a> (<a href="/wiki/Deutschnationale_Volkspartei" title="Deutschnationale Volkspartei">DNVP</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Schlegelberger" title="Franz Schlegelberger">Franz Schlegelberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Georg_Thierack" title="Otto Georg Thierack">Otto Georg Thierack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_von_Blomberg" title="Werner von Blomberg">Werner von Blomberg (uafh.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Keitel" title="Wilhelm Keitel">Wilhelm Keitel (uafh.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_von_Eltz-R%C3%BCbenach" title="Paul von Eltz-Rübenach">Paul Freiherr von Eltz-Rübenach (uafh.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Dorpm%C3%BCller" title="Julius Dorpmüller">Julius Dorpmüller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ohnesorge" title="Wilhelm Ohnesorge">Wilhelm Ohnesorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Walther_Darr%C3%A9" title="R. Walther Darré">Richard Walther Darré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Backe" title="Herbert Backe">Herbert Backe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernhard_Rust" title="Bernhard Rust">Bernhard Rust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Todt" title="Fritz Todt">Fritz Todt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Albert Speer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Alfred Rosenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanns_Kerrl" title="Hanns Kerrl">Hanns Kerrl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Muhs" title="Hermann Muhs">Hermann Muhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otto_Meissner" title="Otto Meissner">Otto Meißner (uafh.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Lammers" title="Hans Lammers">Hans Lammers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Martin Bormann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Hermann_Frank" title="Karl Hermann Frank">Karl Hermann Frank</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rudolf Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_R%C3%B6hm" title="Ernst Röhm">Ernst Röhm</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Tysklands_nationalv%C3%A5ben#Nazi-Tyskland" title="Tysklands nationalvåben"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Reichsadler_Deutsches_Reich_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/80px-Reichsadler_Deutsches_Reich_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Reichsadler_Deutsches_Reich_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/120px-Reichsadler_Deutsches_Reich_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Reichsadler_Deutsches_Reich_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/160px-Reichsadler_Deutsches_Reich_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1297" data-file-height="846" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Alle personer var eller blev medlem af <a href="/wiki/NSDAP" title="NSDAP">NSDAP</a>, bortset fra dem der er mærket "uafh." (nominel uafhængig)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752089"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tiltalte_i_Nürnbergprocessen" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:lightsteelblue;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11746895"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-vis"><a href="/wiki/Skabelon:Tiltalte_i_N%C3%BCrnbergprocessen" title="Skabelon:Tiltalte i Nürnbergprocessen"><abbr title="Se denne skabelon" style=";background:lightsteelblue;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-diskussion"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skabelondiskussion:Tiltalte_i_N%C3%BCrnbergprocessen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Skabelondiskussion:Tiltalte i Nürnbergprocessen (ikke skrevet endnu)"><abbr title="Diskuter denne skabelon" style=";background:lightsteelblue;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-rediger"><a href="/wiki/Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Tiltalte_i_N%C3%BCrnbergprocessen" title="Speciel:EditPage/Skabelon:Tiltalte i Nürnbergprocessen"><abbr title="Rediger denne skabelon" style=";background:lightsteelblue;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tiltalte_i_Nürnbergprocessen" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Tiltalte i <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BCrnbergprocessen" title="Nürnbergprocessen">Nürnbergprocessen</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue;">Dødsdømte</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Bormann" title="Martin Bormann">Martin Bormann</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Frank" title="Hans Frank">Hans Frank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Frick" title="Wilhelm Frick">Wilhelm Frick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_G%C3%B6ring" title="Hermann Göring">Hermann Göring</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Jodl" title="Alfred Jodl">Alfred Jodl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Kaltenbrunner" title="Ernst Kaltenbrunner">Ernst Kaltenbrunner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Keitel" title="Wilhelm Keitel">Wilhelm Keitel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim_von_Ribbentrop" title="Joachim von Ribbentrop">Joachim von Ribbentrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg" title="Alfred Rosenberg">Alfred Rosenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Sauckel" title="Fritz Sauckel">Fritz Sauckel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Seyss-Inquart" title="Arthur Seyss-Inquart">Arthur Seyss-Inquart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Streicher" title="Julius Streicher">Julius Streicher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue;">Fængselsstraffe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karl_D%C3%B6nitz" title="Karl Dönitz">Karl Dönitz</a> (10 år)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walther_Funk" title="Walther Funk">Walther Funk</a> (livstid)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rudolf Hess</a> (livstid)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_von_Neurath" title="Konstantin von Neurath">Konstantin von Neurath</a> (15 år)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Raeder" title="Erich Raeder">Erich Raeder</a> (livstid)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldur_von_Schirach" title="Baldur von Schirach">Baldur von Schirach</a> (20 år)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Speer" title="Albert Speer">Albert Speer</a> (20 år)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue;">Frikendt</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Fritzsche" title="Hans Fritzsche">Hans Fritzsche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_von_Papen" title="Franz von Papen">Franz von Papen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Schacht" title="Hjalmar Schacht">Hjalmar Schacht</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:lightsteelblue;">Ikke afgjort</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Krupp_von_Bohlen_und_Halbach" title="Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach">Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Ley" title="Robert Ley">Robert Ley</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="padding:0.5em 0.2em 0.3em; background:lightsteelblue; line-height:1.3em;"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup>&#160;<i><a href="/wiki/In_absentia" title="In absentia">in absentia</a></i></li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup>&#160;Begik selvmord.</li> <li><sup><small>3</small></sup>&#160;Droppet på grund af dårligt helbred.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11759279"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r11752089"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritetsdata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritetsdata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Autoritetsdata" title="Autoritetsdata">Autoritetsdata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/identities/containsVIAFID/64799191">WorldCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/64799191">64799191</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79078096">n79078096</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/000000010858159X">0000 0001 0858 159X</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/11855039X">11855039X</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LIBRIS_(bibliotekskatalog)" title="LIBRIS (bibliotekskatalog)">SELIBR</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//libris.kb.se/auth/361003">361003</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_universitaire_de_documentation" title="Système universitaire de documentation">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idref.fr/027324826">027324826</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119391587">cb119391587</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119391587">(data)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BIBSYS" title="BIBSYS">BIBSYS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ask.bibsys.no/ask/action/result?cmd=&amp;kilde=biblio&amp;cql=bs.autid+%3D+90166938&amp;feltselect=bs.autid">90166938</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationale_parlamentsbibliotek" title="Nationale parlamentsbibliotek">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00620822">00620822</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjekkisk_nationalbibliotek" title="Tjekkisk nationalbibliotek">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=jn20000700704&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">jn20000700704</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaniens_nationalbibliotek" title="Spaniens nationalbibliotek">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&amp;authority_id=XX1022869">XX1022869</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CiNii" title="CiNii">CiNii</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA03916711?l=en">DA03916711</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_Store_Danske_Encyklop%C3%A6di" title="Den Store Danske Encyklopædi">DSD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//denstoredanske.lex.dk/Rudolf_Hess">Rudolf_Hess</a></span></li></ul> 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