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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crew_and_key_Mission_Control_personnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crew_and_key_Mission_Control_personnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Crew and key Mission Control personnel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crew_and_key_Mission_Control_personnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Call_signs_and_mission_insignia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Call_signs_and_mission_insignia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Call signs and mission insignia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Call_signs_and_mission_insignia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Training_and_preparation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Training_and_preparation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Training and preparation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Training_and_preparation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lunar_landing_capability" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lunar_landing_capability"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4.1</span> <span>Lunar landing capability</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lunar_landing_capability-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mission_highlights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mission_highlights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Mission highlights</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Mission_highlights-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Mission highlights subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Mission_highlights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Launch_and_outbound_trip" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Launch_and_outbound_trip"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Launch and outbound trip</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Launch_and_outbound_trip-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lunar_orbit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lunar_orbit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Lunar orbit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lunar_orbit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arrival_and_initial_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arrival_and_initial_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Arrival and initial operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arrival_and_initial_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_flight_of_Snoopy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_flight_of_Snoopy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>The flight of <i>Snoopy</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_flight_of_Snoopy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_Earth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_Earth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Return to Earth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Return_to_Earth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hardware_disposition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hardware_disposition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Hardware disposition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hardware_disposition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Apollo 10</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 54 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-54" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">54 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Apollo 10" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88_10" title="أبولو 10 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبولو 10" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollon_10" title="Apollon 10 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Apollon 10" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE_10" title="Аполо 10 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аполо 10" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Apollo 10" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Apollo 10" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Apollo 10" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Apollo 10" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Apollo 10" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Apollo 10" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Apollo 10" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CE%BB%CF%89%CE%BD_10" title="Απόλλων 10 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Απόλλων 10" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apolo_10" title="Apolo 10 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Apolo 10" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Apollo 10" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Apollo 10" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88_%DB%B1%DB%B0" title="آپولو ۱۰ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آپولو ۱۰" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Apollo 10" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Apollo 10" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%8F%B4%EB%A1%9C_10%ED%98%B8" title="아폴로 10호 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아폴로 10호" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B_10" title="अपोलो 10 – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अपोलो 10" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Apollo 10" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Apollo 10" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Apollo 10" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95_10" title="אפולו 10 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אפולו 10" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD_10" title="Аполлон 10 – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аполлон 10" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10 – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Apollo 10" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Apollo 10" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%9310" title="Apollo–10 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Apollo–10" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8B_10" title="അപ്പോളോ 10 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="അപ്പോളോ 10" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF_%E1%81%81%E1%81%80" title="အပိုလို ၁၀ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အပိုလို ၁၀" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Apollo 10" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9D%E3%83%AD10%E5%8F%B7" title="アポロ10号 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アポロ10号" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Apollo 10" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B_10" title="ਅਪੋਲੋ 10 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਪੋਲੋ 10" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88_%DB%B1%DB%B0" title="اپولو ۱۰ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اپولو ۱۰" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Apollo 10" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Apollo 10" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Apollo 10" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD-10" title="Аполлон-10 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аполлон-10" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D_10" title="ඇපලෝ 10 – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඇපලෝ 10" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Apollo 10" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Apollo 10" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Apollo 10" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Second crewed mission to orbit the Moon</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1089065853">.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight{width:25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight .infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title">Apollo 10</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_10_Lunar_Module.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Apollo_10_Lunar_Module.jpg/260px-Apollo_10_Lunar_Module.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Apollo_10_Lunar_Module.jpg/390px-Apollo_10_Lunar_Module.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Apollo_10_Lunar_Module.jpg/520px-Apollo_10_Lunar_Module.jpg 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="634" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Apollo 10's <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Lunar Module</a>, <i>Snoopy</i>, approaches the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_command_and_service_module" title="Apollo command and service module">Command and Service Module</a> <i>Charlie Brown</i> for redocking</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data">Crewed lunar orbital CSM/LM flight (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_missions#Alphabetical_mission_types" title="List of Apollo missions">F</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>CSM: 1969-043A<sup id="cite_ref-summary_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-summary-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li>LM: 1969-043C</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">SATCAT <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>CSM: 3941</li><li>LM: 3948</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">8 days, 3 minutes, 23 seconds</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spacecraft</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_command_and_service_module" title="Apollo command and service module">Apollo CSM</a>-106</li><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">LM</a>-4</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>CSM: <a href="/wiki/North_American_Rockwell" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Rockwell">North American Rockwell</a></li><li>LM: <a href="/wiki/Grumman" title="Grumman">Grumman</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch mass</th><td class="infobox-data">42,775 kg<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing mass</th><td class="infobox-data">4,945 kilograms (10,901 lb)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Crew</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Crew size</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Members</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_P._Stafford" title="Thomas P. Stafford">Thomas P. Stafford</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/John_Young_(astronaut)" title="John Young (astronaut)">John W. Young</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Cernan" title="Gene Cernan">Eugene A. Cernan</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Callsign</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>CSM: <i>Charlie Brown</i></li><li>LM: <i>Snoopy</i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">May 18, 1969, 16:49:00<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart">1969-05-18UTC16:49Z</span>)</span> UTC<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rocket</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saturn_V" title="Saturn V">Saturn V</a> SA-505</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39B" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B">Kennedy LC-39B</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">End of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Recovered by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/USS_Princeton_(CV-37)" title="USS Princeton (CV-37)">USS <i>Princeton</i></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing date</th><td class="infobox-data">May 26, 1969, 16:52:23<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">1969-05-26UTC16:52:24Z</span>)</span> UTC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Landing site</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Apollo_10&params=15_2_S_164_39_W_type:event&title=Apollo+10+splashdown"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">15°2′S</span> <span class="longitude">164°39′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">15.033°S 164.650°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-15.033; -164.650</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">Apollo 10 splashdown</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Orbital parameters</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Selenocentric_orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Selenocentric orbit">Selenocentric</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Periselene altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">109.6 kilometers (59.2 nmi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Aposelene altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">113.0 kilometers (61.0 nmi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1.2 degrees</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2 hours</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;"><a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Lunar</a> orbiter</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spacecraft component</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Apollo_command_and_service_module" title="Apollo command and service module">Command and service module</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Orbital insertion</th><td class="infobox-data">May 21, 1969, 20:44:54 UTC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Orbital departure</th><td class="infobox-data">May 24, 1969, 10:25:38 UTC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Orbits</th><td class="infobox-data">31</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;"><a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Lunar</a> orbiter</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spacecraft component</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Lunar Module</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Orbits</th><td class="infobox-data">4 (while solo)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Orbital parameters</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Periselene altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">14.4 kilometers (7.8 nmi)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Docking with LM</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Docking date</th><td class="infobox-data">May 18, 1969, 20:06:36 UTC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Undocking date</th><td class="infobox-data">May 22, 1969, 19:00:57 UTC</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;">Docking with LM Ascent Stage</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Docking date</th><td class="infobox-data">May 23, 1969, 03:11:02 UTC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Undocking date</th><td class="infobox-data">May 23, 1969, 05:13:36 UTC</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo-10-LOGO.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Apollo-10-LOGO.png/180px-Apollo-10-LOGO.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Apollo-10-LOGO.png/270px-Apollo-10-LOGO.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Apollo-10-LOGO.png/360px-Apollo-10-LOGO.png 2x" data-file-width="4788" data-file-height="5112" /></a></span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Apollo_10_Prime_Crew_-_GPN-2000-001163.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/The_Apollo_10_Prime_Crew_-_GPN-2000-001163.jpg/220px-The_Apollo_10_Prime_Crew_-_GPN-2000-001163.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/The_Apollo_10_Prime_Crew_-_GPN-2000-001163.jpg/330px-The_Apollo_10_Prime_Crew_-_GPN-2000-001163.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/The_Apollo_10_Prime_Crew_-_GPN-2000-001163.jpg/440px-The_Apollo_10_Prime_Crew_-_GPN-2000-001163.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7578" data-file-height="5667" /></a></span><br />Left to right: <a href="/wiki/Gene_Cernan" title="Gene Cernan">Cernan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_P._Stafford" title="Thomas P. Stafford">Stafford</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Young_(astronaut)" title="John Young (astronaut)">Young</a><div class="" style="width:100%; text-align:center; border-top:1px #aaa solid"><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo program</a></div><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/Apollo_9" title="Apollo 9">Apollo 9</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a> →</div></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Apollo 10</b> (May 18–26, 1969) was the fourth <a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">human spaceflight</a> in the United States' <a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo program</a> and the second to orbit the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>, the mission's operator, described it as a "dress rehearsal" for the first <a href="/wiki/Moon_landing" title="Moon landing">Moon landing</a> (<a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a>, two months later<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPress_Kit1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPress_Kit1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). It was designated an <a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_missions#Alphabetical_mission_types" title="List of Apollo missions">"F"<span class="nowrap"> </span>mission</a>, intended to test all <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">spacecraft</a> components and procedures short of actual descent and landing. </p><p>After the spacecraft reached lunar orbit, astronaut <a href="/wiki/John_Young_(astronaut)" title="John Young (astronaut)">John Young</a> remained in the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Command_and_Service_Module" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo Command and Service Module">Command and Service Module</a> (CSM) while astronauts <a href="/wiki/Thomas_P._Stafford" title="Thomas P. Stafford">Thomas Stafford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gene_Cernan" title="Gene Cernan">Gene Cernan</a> flew the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module</a> (LM) to within 14.4 kilometers (7.8 nmi) of the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_surface" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar surface">lunar surface</a>, the point at which powered descent for landing would begin on a landing mission. After four orbits they rejoined Young in the CSM and, after the CSM completed its 31st orbit of the Moon, they returned safely to Earth. </p><p>While NASA had considered attempting the first crewed lunar landing on Apollo 10, mission planners ultimately decided that it would be prudent to have a practice flight to hone the procedures and techniques. The crew encountered some problems during the flight: <a href="/wiki/Pogo_oscillations" class="mw-redirect" title="Pogo oscillations">pogo oscillations</a> during the launch phase and a brief, uncontrolled tumble of the LM ascent stage in lunar orbit during its solo flight. However, the mission accomplished its major objectives. Stafford and Cernan observed and photographed Apollo 11's planned landing site in the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Tranquility" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea of Tranquility">Sea of Tranquility</a>. Apollo 10 spent 61 hours and 37 minutes orbiting the Moon, for about eight hours of which Stafford and Cernan flew the LM apart from Young in the CSM, and about eight days total in space. Additionally, Apollo 10 set the record for the highest speed attained by a crewed vehicle: 39,897 km/h (11.08 km/s or 24,791 mph) on May 26, 1969, during the return from the Moon. </p><p>The mission's <a href="/wiki/Call_sign" title="Call sign">call signs</a> were the names of the <i><a href="/wiki/Peanuts" title="Peanuts">Peanuts</a></i> characters <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Brown" title="Charlie Brown">Charlie Brown</a> for the CSM and <a href="/wiki/Snoopy" title="Snoopy">Snoopy</a> for the LM, who became Apollo 10's semi-official mascots.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Peanuts</i> creator <a href="/wiki/Charles_Schulz" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Schulz">Charles Schulz</a> also drew mission-related artwork for NASA.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Framework">Framework</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_10&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Framework"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_10&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a fuller overview of this subject, see <a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo program</a>.</div> <p>By 1967, NASA had devised a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_missions#Alphabetical_mission_types" title="List of Apollo missions">list of mission types</a>, designated by letters, that needed to be flown before a landing attempt, which would be the "G" mission. The early uncrewed flights were considered "A" or "B" missions, while <a href="/wiki/Apollo_7" title="Apollo 7">Apollo 7</a>, the crewed-flight test of the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Command_and_Service_Module" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo Command and Service Module">Command and Service Module</a> (CSM), was the "C" mission. The first crewed orbital test of the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Lunar Module</a> (LM) was accomplished on <a href="/wiki/Apollo_9" title="Apollo 9">Apollo 9</a>, the "D" mission. <a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">Apollo 8</a>, flown to the Moon's orbit without an LM, was considered a "C-prime" mission, but its success gave NASA the confidence to skip the "E" mission, which would have tested the full Apollo spacecraft in medium or high Earth orbit. Apollo 10, the dress rehearsal for the lunar landing, was to be the "F" mission.<sup id="cite_ref-drew_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drew-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooks234–235_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooks234–235-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>NASA considered skipping the "F" mission as well and attempting the first lunar landing on Apollo 10. Some with the agency advocated this, feeling it senseless to bring astronauts so close to the lunar surface, only to turn away. Although the lunar module intended for Apollo 10 was too heavy to perform the lunar mission, the one intended for <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a> could be substituted by delaying Apollo 10 a month from its May 1969 planned launch.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaikin151–152_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaikin151–152-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> NASA official <a href="/wiki/George_Mueller_(engineer)" title="George Mueller (engineer)">George Mueller</a> favored a landing attempt on <span class="nowrap">Apollo 10</span>; he was known for his aggressive approach to moving the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo program</a> forward.<sup id="cite_ref-Hamish_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamish-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Director of Flight Operations <a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher C. Kraft">Christopher C. Kraft</a> and others opposed this, feeling that new procedures would have to be developed for a rendezvous in lunar orbit and that NASA had incomplete information regarding the Moon's <a href="/wiki/Mass_concentration_(astronomy)" title="Mass concentration (astronomy)">mass concentrations</a>, which might throw off the spacecraft's trajectory. Lieutenant General <a href="/wiki/Samuel_C._Phillips" title="Samuel C. Phillips">Sam Phillips</a>, the Apollo Program Manager, listened to the arguments on both sides and decided that having a dress rehearsal was crucial.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaikin151–152_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaikin151–152-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crew_and_key_Mission_Control_personnel">Crew and key Mission Control personnel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_10&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Crew and key Mission Control personnel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:150px;"><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Position</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width:200px;">Astronaut </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Commander (CDR) </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_P._Stafford" title="Thomas P. Stafford">Thomas P. Stafford</a><br />Third spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Command Module Pilot (CMP) </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/John_Young_(astronaut)" title="John Young (astronaut)">John W. Young</a><br />Third spaceflight </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lunar Module Pilot (LMP) </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Eugene_A._Cernan" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene A. Cernan">Eugene A. Cernan</a><br />Second spaceflight </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>On November 13, 1968, NASA announced the crew members of Apollo 10.<sup id="cite_ref-drew_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drew-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thomas P. Stafford, the commander, was 38 years old at the time of the mission. A 1952 graduate of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy" title="United States Naval Academy">Naval Academy</a>, he was commissioned in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a>. Selected for the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_2" title="NASA Astronaut Group 2">second group of astronauts</a> in 1962, he flew as pilot of <a href="/wiki/Gemini_6A" title="Gemini 6A">Gemini 6A</a> (1965) and command pilot of <a href="/wiki/Gemini_9A" title="Gemini 9A">Gemini 9A</a> (1966).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> John Young, the command module pilot, was 38 years old and a <a href="/wiki/Commander_(United_States)#Naval" title="Commander (United States)">commander</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a> at the time of Apollo 10. A 1952 graduate of <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Tech" title="Georgia Tech">Georgia Tech</a> who entered the Navy after graduation and became a test pilot in 1959, he was selected as a Group 2 astronaut alongside Stafford. He flew in <a href="/wiki/Gemini_3" title="Gemini 3">Gemini 3</a> with <a href="/wiki/Gus_Grissom" title="Gus Grissom">Gus Grissom</a> in 1965, becoming the first American not of the <a href="/wiki/Mercury_Seven" title="Mercury Seven">Mercury Seven</a> to fly in space. Young thereafter commanded <a href="/wiki/Gemini_10" title="Gemini 10">Gemini 10</a> (1966), flying with <a href="/wiki/Michael_Collins_(astronaut)" title="Michael Collins (astronaut)">Michael Collins</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland471_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland471-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPress_Kit69–70_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPress_Kit69–70-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eugene Cernan, the lunar module pilot, was a <span class="nowrap">35-year-old</span> commander in the Navy at the time of Apollo 10. A 1952 graduate of <a href="/wiki/Purdue_University" title="Purdue University">Purdue University</a>, he entered the Navy after graduation. Selected for the <a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Group_3" title="NASA Astronaut Group 3">third group of astronauts</a> in 1963, Cernan flew with Stafford on Gemini 9A before his assignment to Apollo 10.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPress_Kit71–72_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPress_Kit71–72-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With five prior flights among them, the Apollo 10 crew was the most experienced to reach space until the <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a> era,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStafford_&_Cassutt545_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStafford_&_Cassutt545-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the first American space mission whose crew were all spaceflight veterans.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland279_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland279-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The backup crew for Apollo 10 was <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Cooper" title="Gordon Cooper">L. Gordon Cooper Jr</a> as commander, <a href="/wiki/Donn_F._Eisele" title="Donn F. Eisele">Donn F. Eisele</a> as command module pilot, and <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Mitchell" title="Edgar Mitchell">Edgar D. Mitchell</a> as lunar module pilot. By the normal crew rotation in place during Apollo, Cooper, Eisele, and Mitchell would have flown on <a href="/wiki/Apollo_13" title="Apollo 13">Apollo 13</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Cooper and Eisele never flew again. <a href="/wiki/Deke_Slayton" title="Deke Slayton">Deke Slayton</a>, Director of Flight Crew Operations, felt that Cooper did not train as hard as he could have. Eisele was blackballed because of incidents during Apollo 7, which he had flown as CMP and which had seen conflict between the crew and ground controllers; he had also been involved in a messy divorce. Slayton only assigned the two as backups because he had few veteran astronauts available.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlayton_&_Cassutt236_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlayton_&_Cassutt236-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cooper and Eisele were replaced by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Shepard" title="Alan Shepard">Alan Shepard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Roosa" title="Stuart Roosa">Stuart Roosa</a> respectively. Feeling they needed additional training time, <a href="/wiki/George_Mueller_(NASA)" class="mw-redirect" title="George Mueller (NASA)">George Mueller</a> rejected the Apollo 13 crew. The crew was switched to <a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">Apollo 14</a>, which saw Shepard and Mitchell walk on the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlayton_&_Cassutt236_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlayton_&_Cassutt236-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For projects <a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Mercury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a>, a prime and a backup crew had been designated, but for Apollo, a third group of astronauts, known as the support crew, was also designated. Slayton created the support crews early in the Apollo program on the advice of McDivitt, who would lead Apollo 9. McDivitt believed that, with preparation going on in facilities across the U.S., meetings that needed a member of the flight crew would be missed. Support crew members were to assist as directed by the mission commander.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESlayton_&_Cassutt184_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESlayton_&_Cassutt184-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Usually low in seniority, they assembled the mission's rules, <a href="/wiki/Flight_plan" title="Flight plan">flight plan</a>, and checklists, and kept them updated.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooks261_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooks261-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For Apollo 10, they were <a href="/wiki/Joe_Engle" title="Joe Engle">Joe Engle</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Irwin" title="James Irwin">James Irwin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Duke" title="Charles Duke">Charles Duke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland256_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland256-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Flight_controller#Flight_director" title="Flight controller">Flight directors</a> were <a href="/wiki/Gerry_Griffin" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerry Griffin">Gerry Griffin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glynn_Lunney" title="Glynn Lunney">Glynn Lunney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milt_Windler" class="mw-redirect" title="Milt Windler">Milt Windler</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pete_Frank" title="Pete Frank">Pete Frank</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland236_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland236-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flight directors during Apollo had a one-sentence job description: "The flight director may take any actions necessary for crew safety and mission success."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Flight_controller#CAPCOM" title="Flight controller">CAPCOMs</a> were Duke, Engle, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Lousma" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Lousma">Jack Lousma</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bruce_McCandless_II" title="Bruce McCandless II">Bruce McCandless II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland256_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland256-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Call_signs_and_mission_insignia">Call signs and mission insignia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_10&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Call signs and mission insignia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stafford_and_Snoopy.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Stafford_and_Snoopy.jpeg/220px-Stafford_and_Snoopy.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Stafford_and_Snoopy.jpeg/330px-Stafford_and_Snoopy.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Stafford_and_Snoopy.jpeg/440px-Stafford_and_Snoopy.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="672" /></a><figcaption>En route to launch, Stafford touches a "Snoopy" doll</figcaption></figure> <p>The command module was given the call sign "Charlie Brown" and the lunar module the call sign "Snoopy". These were taken from the characters in the comic strip, <i><a href="/wiki/Peanuts" title="Peanuts">Peanuts</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Brown" title="Charlie Brown">Charlie Brown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Snoopy" title="Snoopy">Snoopy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland256_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland256-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These names were chosen by the astronauts with the approval of <a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Schulz" title="Charles M. Schulz">Charles Schulz</a>, the strip's creator,<sup id="cite_ref-snoop_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snoop-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who was uncertain it was a good idea, since Charlie Brown was always a failure.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrench_&_Burgess1348_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrench_&_Burgess1348-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The choice of names was deemed undignified by some at NASA, as were the choices for Apollo 9's CM and LM ("Gumdrop" and "Spider"). Public relations chief <a href="/wiki/Julian_Scheer" title="Julian Scheer">Julian Scheer</a> urged a change for the lunar landing mission.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooks301–302_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooks301–302-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But for Apollo 10, according to Cernan, "The P.R.-types lost this one big-time, for everybody on the planet knew the klutzy kid and his adventuresome beagle, and the names were embraced in a public relations bonanza."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECernan1156_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECernan1156-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apollo 11's call signs were "Columbia" for the command module and "Eagle" for the lunar module.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland280_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland280-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Snoopy, Charlie Brown's dog, was chosen for the call sign of the lunar module since it was to "snoop" around the landing site, with Charlie Brown given to the command module as Snoopy's companion.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Snoopy had been associated for some time with the space program, with workers who performed in an outstanding manner awarded silver "<a href="/wiki/Silver_Snoopy_award" title="Silver Snoopy award">Snoopy pins</a>", and Snoopy posters were seen at NASA facilities, with the cartoon dog having traded in his <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> aviator's headgear for a space helmet.<sup id="cite_ref-snoop_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snoop-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stafford stated that, given the pins, "the choice of Snoopy [as call sign] was a way of acknowledging the contributions of the hundreds of thousands of people who got us there".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStafford_&_Cassutt547_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStafford_&_Cassutt547-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use of the dog was also appropriate since, in the comic strip, Snoopy had journeyed to the Moon the year before, thus defeating, according to Schulz, "the Americans, the Russians, and that stupid cat next door".<sup id="cite_ref-snoop_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snoop-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_10_Flown_Silver_Robbins_Medallion_(SN-70).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Apollo_10_Flown_Silver_Robbins_Medallion_%28SN-70%29.jpg/220px-Apollo_10_Flown_Silver_Robbins_Medallion_%28SN-70%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Apollo_10_Flown_Silver_Robbins_Medallion_%28SN-70%29.jpg/330px-Apollo_10_Flown_Silver_Robbins_Medallion_%28SN-70%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Apollo_10_Flown_Silver_Robbins_Medallion_%28SN-70%29.jpg/440px-Apollo_10_Flown_Silver_Robbins_Medallion_%28SN-70%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3592" data-file-height="1914" /></a><figcaption>Apollo 10 space-flown silver <a href="/wiki/NASA_space-flown_Robbins_medallions_of_the_Apollo_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA space-flown Robbins medallions of the Apollo missions">Robbins medallion</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The shield-shaped mission insignia shows a large, three-dimensional <a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numeral</a> X sitting on the Moon's surface, in Stafford's words, "to show that we had left our mark". Although it did not land on the Moon, the prominence of the number represents the contributions the mission made to the Apollo program. A CSM circles the Moon as an LM ascent stage flies up from its low pass over the lunar surface with its engine firing. The Earth is visible in the background. On the mission patch, a wide, light blue border carries the word APOLLO at the top and the crew names around the bottom. The patch is trimmed in gold. The insignia was designed by Allen Stevens of <a href="/wiki/Rockwell_International" title="Rockwell International">Rockwell International</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Training_and_preparation">Training and preparation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_10&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Training and preparation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_members_of_the_Apollo_10_prime_crew_participate_in_simulation_activity.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Two_members_of_the_Apollo_10_prime_crew_participate_in_simulation_activity.jpg/220px-Two_members_of_the_Apollo_10_prime_crew_participate_in_simulation_activity.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Two_members_of_the_Apollo_10_prime_crew_participate_in_simulation_activity.jpg/330px-Two_members_of_the_Apollo_10_prime_crew_participate_in_simulation_activity.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Two_members_of_the_Apollo_10_prime_crew_participate_in_simulation_activity.jpg/440px-Two_members_of_the_Apollo_10_prime_crew_participate_in_simulation_activity.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4506" data-file-height="2711" /></a><figcaption>Stafford (right) and Cernan in the lunar module simulator, April 1969</figcaption></figure><p> Apollo 10, the "F" mission or dress rehearsal for the lunar landing, had as its primary objectives to demonstrate crew, space vehicle and mission support facilities performance during a crewed mission to lunar orbit, and to evaluate the performance of the lunar module there. In addition, it was to attempt photography of Apollo Landing Site 2 (ALS-2) in the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Tranquillity" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea of Tranquillity">Sea of Tranquillity</a>, the contemplated landing site for Apollo 11.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland256,_285_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland256,_285-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Stafford, </p><blockquote><p>Our flight was to take the first lunar module to the moon. We would take the lunar module, go down to within about ten miles above the moon, nine miles above the mountains, radar map, photo map, pick out the first landing site, do the first rendezvous around the moon, pick out some future landing sites, and come home.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrench_&_Burgess1337–1338_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrench_&_Burgess1337–1338-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Apollo 10 was to adhere as closely as possible to the plans for Apollo 11, including its trajectory to and from lunar orbit, the timeline of mission events, and even the angle of the Sun at ALS-2. However, no landing was to be attempted.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPress_Kit2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPress_Kit2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ALS-1, given that number because it was the furthest to the east of the candidate sites,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and also located in the Sea of Tranquility, had been extensively photographed by Apollo 8 astronauts; at the suggestion of scientist-astronaut <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Schmitt" title="Harrison Schmitt">Harrison Schmitt</a>, the launch of Apollo 10 had been postponed a day so ALS-2 could be photographed under proper conditions. ALS-2 was chosen as the lunar landing site since it was relatively smooth, of scientific interest, and ALS-1 was deemed too far to the east.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilhelms189–192_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilhelms189–192-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, when Apollo 10's launch date was announced on January 10, 1969, it was shifted from its placeholder date of May 1 to May 17, rather than to May 16. On March 17, 1969, the launch was slipped one day to May 18, to allow for a better view of ALS-3, to the west of ALS-2.<sup id="cite_ref-drew_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drew-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another deviation from the plans for Apollo 11 was that Apollo 10 was to spend an additional day in lunar orbit once the CSM and LM rendezvoused; this was to allow time for additional testing of the LM's systems, as well as for photography of possible future Apollo landing sites.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPress_Kit6,_8_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPress_Kit6,_8-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Apollo 10 astronauts undertook five hours of formal training for each hour of the mission's eight-day duration. This was in addition to the normal mission preparations such as technical briefings, pilot meetings and study. They took part in the testing of the CSM at the <a href="/wiki/Downey,_California" title="Downey, California">Downey</a>, California, facility of its manufacturer, <a href="/wiki/North_American_Rockwell" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Rockwell">North American Rockwell</a>, and of the LM at <a href="/wiki/Grumman" title="Grumman">Grumman</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bethpage,_New_York" title="Bethpage, New York">Bethpage</a>, New York. They visited <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a>, Massachusetts, for briefings on the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Guidance_Computer" title="Apollo Guidance Computer">Apollo Guidance Computer</a> at the <a href="/wiki/MIT_Instrumentation_Lab" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT Instrumentation Lab">Massachusetts Institute of Technology Instrumentation Laboratory</a>. They each spent more than 300 hours in simulators of the CM or LM at the <a href="/wiki/Manned_Spacecraft_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Manned Spacecraft Center">Manned Spacecraft Center</a> (MSC) in Houston and at <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> (KSC) in Florida. To train for the high-acceleration conditions they would experience in returning to Earth's atmosphere, they endured MSC's centrifuge.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPress_Kit65_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPress_Kit65-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lunar_landing_capability">Lunar landing capability</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_10&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Lunar landing capability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders floatright"> <caption>Comparison of LM weights </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Component </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2">Apollo 10 LM-4 </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2">Apollo 11 LM-5 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col"><abbr title="pound (mass)">lb</abbr> </th> <th scope="col"><abbr title="kilogram">kg</abbr> </th> <th scope="col">lb </th> <th scope="col">kg </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Descent stage dry<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff2004276–277_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff2004276–277-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td style="text-align:right;">4,703 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,133</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,483 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,033 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Descent stage propellant<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff2004295_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff2004295-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td style="text-align:right;">18,219 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,264</td> <td style="text-align:right;">18,184 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,248 </td></tr> <tr style="font-weight: bold; background-color: #EAECF0;"> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: bold;">Descent stage subtotal </th> <td style="text-align:right;">22,922 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,397</td> <td style="text-align:right;">22,667 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,282 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Ascent stage dry<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff2004276–277_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff2004276–277-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td style="text-align:right;">4,781 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,169</td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,804 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,179 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Ascent stage propellant<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff2004296_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff2004296-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td style="text-align:right;">2,631 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,193</td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,238 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,376 </td></tr> <tr style="font-weight: bold; background-color:#EAECF0;"> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: bold;">Ascent stage subtotal </th> <td style="text-align:right;">7,412 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,362</td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,042 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,555 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Equipment </th> <td style="text-align:right;">401 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">182</td> <td style="text-align:right;">569 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">258 </td></tr> <tr style="font-weight: bold; background-color:#EAECF0;"> <th scope="row" style="font-weight: bold;">Total<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff2004276–277_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff2004276–277-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td style="text-align:right;">30,735 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13,941</td> <td style="text-align:right;">33,278 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15,095 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>While Apollo 10 was meant to follow the procedures of a lunar landing mission to the point of powered descent, Apollo 10's LM was not capable of landing and returning to lunar orbit. The ascent stage was loaded with the amount of <a href="/wiki/Aerozine_50" title="Aerozine 50">fuel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_tetroxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrogen tetroxide">oxidizer</a> it would have had remaining if it had lifted off from the surface and reached the altitude at which the Apollo 10 ascent stage fired; this was only about half the total amount required for lift off and rendezvous with the CSM. The mission-loaded LM weighed 13,941 kilograms (30,735 lb), compared to 15,095 kilograms (33,278 lb) for the Apollo 11 LM which made the first landing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff2004276–277_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff2004276–277-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, the software necessary to guide the LM to a landing was not available at the time of Apollo 10.<sup id="cite_ref-Hamish_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamish-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Craig Nelson wrote in his book <i>Rocket Men</i> that NASA took special precaution to ensure Stafford and Cernan would not attempt to make the first landing. Nelson quoted Cernan as saying "A lot of people thought about the kind of people we were: 'Don't give those guys an opportunity to land, 'cause they might!' So the ascent module, the part we lifted off the lunar surface with, was short-fueled. The fuel tanks weren't full. So had we literally tried to land on the Moon, we couldn't have gotten off."<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mueller, NASA's Associate Administrator for Manned Space Flight, stated, </p><blockquote><p>There had been some speculation about whether or not the crew might have landed, having gotten so close. They might have wanted to, but it was impossible for that lunar module to land. It was an early design that was too heavy for a lunar landing, or, to be more precise, too heavy to be able to complete the ascent back to the command module. It was a test module, for the dress rehearsal only, and that was the way it was used.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Equipment">Equipment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_10&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The descent stage of the LM was delivered to KSC on October 11, 1968, and the ascent stage arrived five days later. They were mated on November 2. The <a href="/wiki/Apollo_command_and_service_module#Service_module_(SM)" title="Apollo command and service module">Service Module</a> (SM) and <a href="/wiki/Apollo_command_and_service_module#Command_module_(CM)" title="Apollo command and service module">Command Module</a> (CM) arrived on November 24 and were mated two days later. Portions of the <a href="/wiki/Saturn_V" title="Saturn V">Saturn V</a> launch vehicle arrived during November and December 1968, and the complete launch vehicle was erected in the <a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Assembly_Building" title="Vehicle Assembly Building">Vehicle Assembly Building</a> (VAB) on December 30. After being tested in an altitude chamber, the CSM was placed atop the launch vehicle on February 6, 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland257_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland257-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The completed space vehicle was rolled out to <a href="/wiki/Launch_Complex_39B" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch Complex 39B">Launch Complex 39B</a> on March 11, 1969—the fact that it had been assembled in the VAB's High Bay 2 (the first time it had been used) required the <a href="/wiki/Crawler-transporter" title="Crawler-transporter">crawler</a> to exit the rear of the VAB before looping around the building and joining the main <a href="/wiki/Crawlerway" title="Crawlerway">crawlerway</a>, proceeding to the launch pad.<sup id="cite_ref-roll_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roll-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This rollout, using <a href="/wiki/Mobile_launcher_platform#Mobile_Launcher_Platform-3" title="Mobile launcher platform">Mobile Launch Platform-3</a> (MLP-3),<sup id="cite_ref-drew_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drew-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> happened eight days after the launch of Apollo 9, while that mission was still in orbit.<sup id="cite_ref-roll_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roll-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">launch vehicle</a> for Apollo 10 was a Saturn V, designated AS-505,<sup id="cite_ref-background_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-background-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the fifth flight-ready Saturn V to be launched and the third to take astronauts to orbit.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report14-1_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report14-1-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Saturn V differed from that used on Apollo 9 in having a lower dry weight (without propellant) in its first two stages, with a significant reduction to the interstage joining them. Although the S-IVB third stage was slightly heavier, all three stages could carry a greater weight of propellant, and the <a href="/wiki/S-II" title="S-II">S-II</a> second stage generated more thrust than that of Apollo 9.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPress_Kit55_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPress_Kit55-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Apollo spacecraft for the Apollo 10 mission was composed of Command Module 106 (CM-106), Service Module 106 (SM-106, together with the CM known as CSM-106), Lunar Module 4 (LM-4), a spacecraft-lunar module adapter (SLA), numbered as SLA-13A, and a launch escape system.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPress_Kit38_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPress_Kit38-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hardware_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hardware-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The SLA was a mating structure joining the Instrument Unit on the S-IVB stage of the Saturn V launch vehicle and the CSM, and acted as a housing for the LM, while the <a href="/wiki/Launch_Escape_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch Escape System">Launch Escape System</a> (LES) contained rockets to propel the CM to safety if there was an aborted launch.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPress_Kit38_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPress_Kit38-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At about 76.99 metric tons, Apollo 10 would be the heaviest spacecraft to reach orbit to that point.<sup id="cite_ref-drew_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drew-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mission_highlights">Mission highlights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_10&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mission highlights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo-10-Lancering.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Apollo-10-Lancering.jpg/170px-Apollo-10-Lancering.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Apollo-10-Lancering.jpg/255px-Apollo-10-Lancering.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Apollo-10-Lancering.jpg/340px-Apollo-10-Lancering.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3508" data-file-height="5152" /></a><figcaption>Launch of Apollo 10 on May 18, 1969</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Launch_and_outbound_trip">Launch and outbound trip</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_10&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Launch and outbound trip"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Apollo 10 launched from KSC on May 18, 1969, at 12:49:00 EDT (16:49:00 UT), at the start of a 4.5-hour <a href="/wiki/Launch_window" title="Launch window">launch window</a>. The launch window was timed to secure optimal lighting conditions at Apollo Landing Site 2 at the time of the LM's closest approach to the site days later. The launch followed a countdown that had begun at 21:00:00 EDT on May 16 (01:00:00 <a href="/wiki/Universal_Time" title="Universal Time">UT</a> on May 17). Because preparations for Apollo 11 had already begun at Pad 39A, Apollo 10 launched from Pad 39B, becoming the only Apollo flight to launch from that pad<sup id="cite_ref-launch_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-launch-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the only one to be controlled from its Firing Room 3.<sup id="cite_ref-Hamish_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamish-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Problems that arose during the countdown were dealt with during the built-in holds, and did not delay the mission.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland256_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland256-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the day before launch, Cernan had been <a href="/wiki/Traffic_stop" title="Traffic stop">stopped for speeding</a> while returning from a final visit with his wife and child. Lacking identification and under orders to tell no one who he was, Cernan later attested in his autobiography that he had feared being arrested. Launch pad leader <a href="/wiki/Gunther_Wendt" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunther Wendt">Gunther Wendt</a>, who had pulled over nearby after recognizing Cernan, explained the situation to the police officer, who then released Cernan despite the officer's skepticism that Cernan was an astronaut.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECernan238–239_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECernan238–239-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_10_Mission_Control.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Apollo_10_Mission_Control.jpg/220px-Apollo_10_Mission_Control.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Apollo_10_Mission_Control.jpg/330px-Apollo_10_Mission_Control.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Apollo_10_Mission_Control.jpg/440px-Apollo_10_Mission_Control.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3870" data-file-height="2452" /></a><figcaption>Mission Control in Houston during an Apollo 10 telecast</figcaption></figure> <p>The crew experienced a somewhat rough ride on the way to orbit due to <a href="/wiki/Pogo_oscillation" title="Pogo oscillation">pogo oscillations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECernan201–202_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECernan201–202-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 12 minutes after liftoff, the spacecraft entered a <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">low Earth orbit</a> with a high point of 185.79 kilometers (100.32 nautical miles) and a low point of 184.66 kilometers (99.71 nautical miles).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff2004286_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff2004286-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All appeared to be normal during the systems review period in Earth orbit, and the crew restarted the <a href="/wiki/S-IVB" title="S-IVB">S-IVB</a> third stage to achieve <a href="/wiki/Trans-lunar_injection" title="Trans-lunar injection">trans-lunar injection</a> (TLI) and send them towards the Moon. The vehicle shook again while executing the TLI burn, causing Cernan to be concerned that they might have to abort. However, the TLI burn was completed without incident.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECernan203–204_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECernan203–204-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Young then performed the <a href="/wiki/Transposition,_docking,_and_extraction" title="Transposition, docking, and extraction">transposition, docking, and extraction</a> maneuver, separating the CSM from the S-IVB stage, turning around, and docking its nose to the top of the lunar module (LM), before separating from the S-IVB. Apollo 10 was the first mission to carry a <a href="/wiki/Color_television" title="Color television">color television</a> camera inside the spacecraft, and mission controllers in Houston watched as Young performed the maneuver. Soon thereafter, the large television audience was treated to color views of the Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooks303–304_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooks303–304-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One problem that was encountered was that the <a href="/wiki/Mylar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mylar">mylar</a> cover of the CM's hatch had pulled loose, spilling quantities of fiberglass insulation into the tunnel, and then into both the CM and LM.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMission_Report9–4,_9–8_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMission_Report9–4,_9–8-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The S-IVB was fired by ground command and sent into solar orbit with a period of 344.88 days.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland260_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland260-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The crew settled in for the voyage to the Moon. They had a light workload, and spent much of their time studying the flight plan or sleeping. They made five more television broadcasts back to Earth, and were informed that more than a billion people had watched some part of their activities.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooks304–306_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooks304–306-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 1969, the crew would accept a special <a href="/wiki/Emmy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmy Award">Emmy Award</a> on behalf of the first four Apollo crews for their television broadcasts from space.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One slight course correction was necessary;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooks304–306_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooks304–306-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> this occurred at 26:32:56.8 into the mission and lasted 7.1 seconds. This aligned Apollo 10 with the trajectory Apollo 11 was expected to take.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland260_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland260-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One issue the crew encountered was bad-tasting food, as Stafford apparently used a double dose of chlorine in their drinking water, which had to be placed in their dehydrated food to reconstitute it.<sup id="cite_ref-drew_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drew-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lunar_orbit">Lunar orbit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_10&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Lunar orbit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_10_Lunar_Orbit_Profile.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Apollo_10_Lunar_Orbit_Profile.png/300px-Apollo_10_Lunar_Orbit_Profile.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="344" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Apollo_10_Lunar_Orbit_Profile.png/450px-Apollo_10_Lunar_Orbit_Profile.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Apollo_10_Lunar_Orbit_Profile.png/600px-Apollo_10_Lunar_Orbit_Profile.png 2x" data-file-width="826" data-file-height="948" /></a><figcaption>Lunar orbit profile of the Apollo 10 mission, as artist-depicted in the NASA press kit for the mission</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arrival_and_initial_operations">Arrival and initial operations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_10&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Arrival and initial operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At 75:55:54 into the mission, 176.1 kilometers (95.1 nautical miles) above the far side of the Moon, the CSM's <a href="/wiki/Service_propulsion_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Service propulsion system">service propulsion system</a> (SPS) engine was fired for 356.1 seconds to slow the spacecraft into a lunar orbit of 314.8 by 111.5 kilometers (170.0 by 60.2 nautical miles). This was followed, after two orbits of the Moon, with a 13.9-second firing of the SPS to circularize the orbit to 113.0 by 109.6 kilometers (61.0 by 59.2 nautical miles) at 80:25:08.1.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland260_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland260-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within the first couple of hours after the initial lunar orbit insertion burn and following the circularization burn, the crew turned to tracking planned landmarks on the surface below to record observations and take photographs. In addition to ALS-1, ALS-2, and ALS-3, the crew of Apollo 10 observed and photographed features on the near and far sides of the Moon, including the craters <a href="/wiki/Coriolis_(crater)" title="Coriolis (crater)">Coriolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_(crater)" title="King (crater)">King</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Papaleksi_(crater)" title="Papaleksi (crater)">Papaleksi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after the circularization burn, the crew partook in a scheduled half-hour color-television broadcast with descriptions and video transmissions of views of the lunar surface below.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff200472–79_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff200472–79-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About an hour after the second burn, the LM crew of Stafford and Cernan entered the LM to check out its systems.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland260_61-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland260-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were met with a blizzard of fiberglass particles from the earlier problem, which they cleaned up with a vacuum cleaner as best they could. Stafford had to help Cernan remove smaller bits from his hair and eyebrows.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaikin156_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaikin156-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stafford later commented that Cernan looked like he just came out of a <a href="/wiki/Chicken_coop" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken coop">chicken coop</a>, and that the particles made them itch and got into the air conditioning system, and they were scraping it off the filter screens for the rest of the mission.<sup id="cite_ref-Hamish_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hamish-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was merely an annoyance, but the particles may have gotten into the docking ring joining the two craft and caused it to misalign slightly. Mission Control determined that this was still within safe limits.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrench_&_Burgess1374–1376_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrench_&_Burgess1374–1376-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_flight_of_Snoopy">The flight of <i>Snoopy</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_10&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The flight of Snoopy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AS10-34-5158_-_Apollo_10_-_Apollo_10_Mission_image_-_Landing_Site_2_-_NARA_-_16682380.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/AS10-34-5158_-_Apollo_10_-_Apollo_10_Mission_image_-_Landing_Site_2_-_NARA_-_16682380.jpg/220px-AS10-34-5158_-_Apollo_10_-_Apollo_10_Mission_image_-_Landing_Site_2_-_NARA_-_16682380.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/AS10-34-5158_-_Apollo_10_-_Apollo_10_Mission_image_-_Landing_Site_2_-_NARA_-_16682380.jpg/330px-AS10-34-5158_-_Apollo_10_-_Apollo_10_Mission_image_-_Landing_Site_2_-_NARA_-_16682380.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/AS10-34-5158_-_Apollo_10_-_Apollo_10_Mission_image_-_Landing_Site_2_-_NARA_-_16682380.jpg/440px-AS10-34-5158_-_Apollo_10_-_Apollo_10_Mission_image_-_Landing_Site_2_-_NARA_-_16682380.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="4176" /></a><figcaption>Photograph of ALS-2 taken by Apollo 10</figcaption></figure> <p>After Stafford and Cernan checked out <i>Snoopy</i>, they returned to <i>Charlie Brown</i> for a rest. Then they re-entered <i>Snoopy</i> and undocked it from the CSM at 98:29:20.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff200472–79_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff200472–79-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Young, who remained in the CSM, became the first person to fly solo in lunar orbit.<sup id="cite_ref-Neal_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neal-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After undocking, Stafford and Cernan deployed the LM's landing gear and inspected the LM's systems. The CSM performed an 8.3-second burn with its RCS thrusters to separate itself from the LM by about 30 feet, after which Young visually inspected the LM from the CSM. The CSM performed another separation burn, this time separating the two spacecraft by about 3.7 kilometers (2 nautical miles).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff200472–79_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff200472–79-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The LM crew then performed the descent orbit insertion maneuver by firing their descent engine for 27.4 seconds at 99:46:01.6, and tested their craft's landing radar as they approached the 15,000-meter (50,000-foot) altitude where the subsequent Apollo 11 mission would begin powered descent to land on the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland259–260_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland259–260-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Previously, the LM's landing radar had only been tested under terrestrial conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPress_Kit8_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPress_Kit8-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the LM executed these maneuvers, Young monitored the location and status of the LM from the CSM, standing by to rescue the LM crew if necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaikin158_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaikin158-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cernan and Stafford surveyed ALS-2, coming within 15.6 kilometers (8.4 nautical miles) of the surface at a point 15 degrees to its east, then performed a phasing burn at 100:58:25.93, thrusting for just under 40 seconds to allow a second pass at ALS-2, when the craft came within 14.4 kilometers (7.8 nautical miles) of the Moon, its closest approach.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland259–260_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland259–260-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reporting on his observations of the site from the LM's low passes, Stafford indicated that ALS-2 seemed smoother than he had expected<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaikin158_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaikin158-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and described its appearance as similar to the desert surrounding <a href="/wiki/Blythe,_California" title="Blythe, California">Blythe</a>, California;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilhelms191_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilhelms191-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but he observed that Apollo 11 could face rougher terrain downrange if it approached off-target.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaikin158_71-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaikin158-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Based upon Apollo 10's observations from relatively low altitude, NASA mission planners became comfortable enough with ALS-2 to confirm it as the target site for Apollo 11.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilhelms192_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilhelms192-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AS10-34-5087.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/AS10-34-5087.jpg/220px-AS10-34-5087.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/AS10-34-5087.jpg/330px-AS10-34-5087.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/AS10-34-5087.jpg/440px-AS10-34-5087.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="916" /></a><figcaption>LM <i>Snoopy</i> containing Stafford and Cernan, as inspected by Young after separation from <i>Charlie Brown</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The next action was to prepare to separate the LM ascent stage from the descent stage, to jettison the descent stage, and fire the <a href="/wiki/Ascent_Propulsion_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascent Propulsion System">Ascent Propulsion System</a> to return the ascent stage towards the CSM. As Stafford and Cernan prepared to do so, the LM began to gyrate out of control.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaikin159_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaikin159-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alarmed, Cernan exclaimed, "Son of a bitch!" into a <a href="/wiki/Hot_mic" title="Hot mic">hot mic</a> being broadcast live, which, combined with other language used by the crew during the mission, generated some complaints back on Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stafford discarded the descent stage about five seconds after the tumbling began<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff200472–79_65-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff200472–79-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and fought to regain control manually, suspecting that there might have been an "open thruster", or a thruster stuck firing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECernan218_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECernan218-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He did so in time to orient the spacecraft to rejoin <i>Charlie Brown</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaikin159_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaikin159-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The problem was traced to a switch controlling the mode of the abort guidance system; it was to be moved as part of the procedure, but both of the crew members switched it, thus returning it to the original position. Had they fired <i>Snoopy</i> in the wrong direction, they might have missed the rendezvous with <i>Charlie Brown</i> or crashed into the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrench_&_Burgess1385–1391_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrench_&_Burgess1385–1391-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once Stafford had regained control of the LM ascent stage, which took about eight seconds,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaikin159_74-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaikin159-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the pair fired the ascent engine at the lowest point of the LM's orbit, mimicking the <a href="/wiki/Orbital_insertion" class="mw-redirect" title="Orbital insertion">orbital insertion</a> maneuver after launch from the lunar surface in a later landing mission. <i>Snoopy</i> coasted on that trajectory for about an hour before firing the engine once more to further fine-tune its approach to <i>Charlie Brown</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff200472–79_65-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff200472–79-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Apollo_10_Earthrise.ogv/220px--Apollo_10_Earthrise.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="34" data-mwtitle="Apollo_10_Earthrise.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Apollo_10_Earthrise.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/Apollo_10_Earthrise.ogv/Apollo_10_Earthrise.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/Apollo_10_Earthrise.ogv/Apollo_10_Earthrise.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/Apollo_10_Earthrise.ogv/Apollo_10_Earthrise.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/Apollo_10_Earthrise.ogv/Apollo_10_Earthrise.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/Apollo_10_Earthrise.ogv/Apollo_10_Earthrise.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Apollo_10_Earthrise.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="853" data-height="480" /></video></span><figcaption>Earthrise video captured by Apollo 10 crew</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Snoopy</i> rendezvoused with and re-docked with <i>Charlie Brown</i> at 106:22:02, just under eight hours after undocking.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff200472–79_65-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff200472–79-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The docking was telecast live in color from the CSM.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once Cernan and Stafford had re-entered <i>Charlie Brown</i>, <i>Snoopy</i> was sealed off and separated from <i>Charlie Brown.</i> The rest of the LM's ascent-stage engine fuel was burned to send it on a trajectory past the Moon and into a <a href="/wiki/Heliocentric_orbit" title="Heliocentric orbit">heliocentric orbit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nasa_apollo10_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nasa_apollo10-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-disposition_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-disposition-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was the only Apollo LM to meet this fate. The Apollo 11 ascent stage would be left in lunar orbit to crash randomly, while ascent stages of later Apollo mission (12, 14, 15 and 17) were steered into the Moon to obtain readings from <a href="/wiki/Seismometers" class="mw-redirect" title="Seismometers">seismometers</a> placed nearby on the surface, with two exceptions: Apollo 13's ascent stage, which the crew used as a "life boat" to get safely back to Earth before releasing it to burn up in Earth's atmosphere, and <a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">Apollo 16</a>'s, which NASA lost control of after jettison.<sup id="cite_ref-disposition_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-disposition-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Return_to_Earth">Return to Earth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_10&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Return to Earth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_10_Helicopter_Recovery_-_GPN-2000-001143.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Apollo_10_Helicopter_Recovery_-_GPN-2000-001143.jpg/220px-Apollo_10_Helicopter_Recovery_-_GPN-2000-001143.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Apollo_10_Helicopter_Recovery_-_GPN-2000-001143.jpg/330px-Apollo_10_Helicopter_Recovery_-_GPN-2000-001143.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Apollo_10_Helicopter_Recovery_-_GPN-2000-001143.jpg/440px-Apollo_10_Helicopter_Recovery_-_GPN-2000-001143.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3011" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Helicopter_66" title="Helicopter 66">Helicopter 66</a> post-splashdown crew recovery operations in the Pacific Ocean</figcaption></figure> <p>After ejecting the LM ascent stage, the crew slept and performed photography and observation of the lunar surface from orbit. Though the crew located 18 landmarks on the surface and took photographs of various surface features, crew fatigue necessitated the cancellation of two scheduled television broadcasts. Thereafter, the main Service Propulsion System engine of the CSM re-ignited for about 2.5 minutes to set Apollo 10 on a trajectory towards Earth, achieving such a trajectory at 137:39:13.7. As it departed lunar orbit, Apollo 10 had orbited the Moon 31 times over the span of about 61 hours and 37 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff200472–79_65-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff200472–79-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During their journey back to Earth, the crew performed some observational activities which included star-Earth horizon sightings for navigation. The crew also performed a scheduled test to gauge the reflectivity of the CSM's <a href="/wiki/Directional_antenna" title="Directional antenna">high-gain antenna</a> and broadcast six television transmissions of varying durations to show views inside the spacecraft and of the Earth and Moon from the crew's vantage point.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff200472–79_65-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff200472–79-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cernan reported later that he and his crewmates became the first to "successfully shave in space" during the return trip, using a <a href="/wiki/Safety_razor" title="Safety razor">safety razor</a> and thick <a href="/wiki/Shaving_cream" title="Shaving cream">shaving gel</a>, as such items had been deemed a safety hazard and prohibited on earlier flights.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECernan220_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECernan220-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The crew fired the engine of the CSM for the only mid-course-correction burn required during the return trip at 188:49:58, a few hours before separation of the CM from the SM. The burn lasted about 6.7 seconds.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff200472–79_65-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff200472–79-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As the spacecraft rapidly approached Earth on the final day of the mission, the Apollo 10 crew traveled faster than any humans before or since, relative to Earth: 39,897 km/h (11.08 km/s or 24,791 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is because the return trajectory was designed to take only 42 hours rather than the normal 56.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStafford_&_Cassutt458_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStafford_&_Cassutt458-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Apollo 10 crew also traveled farther than any humans before or since from their (Houston) homes: 408,950 kilometers (220,820 nmi) (though the Apollo 13 crew was 200 km farther away from Earth as a whole).<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At 191:33:26, the CM (which contained the crew) separated from the SM in preparation for <a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_reentry" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmospheric reentry">reentry</a>, which occurred about 15 minutes later at 191:48:54.5.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff200472–79_65-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff200472–79-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Splashdown_(spacecraft_landing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Splashdown (spacecraft landing)">Splashdown</a> of the CM occurred about 15 minutes after reentry in the Pacific Ocean about 740 kilometres (400 nmi) east of <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a> on May 26, 1969, at 16:52:23 UTC and mission elapsed time 192:03:23.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff200472–79_65-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff200472–79-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The astronauts were recovered by <a href="/wiki/USS_Princeton_(CV-37)" title="USS Princeton (CV-37)">USS <i>Princeton</i></a>. They spent about four hours aboard, during which they took a congratulatory phone call from President <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-clear_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clear-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As they had not made contact with the lunar surface, Apollo 10's crew were not required to <a href="/wiki/Mobile_quarantine_facility" title="Mobile quarantine facility">quarantine</a> like the first landing crews would be.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECernan222_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECernan222-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were flown to <a href="/wiki/Pago_Pago_International_Airport" title="Pago Pago International Airport">Pago Pago International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tafuna,_American_Samoa" title="Tafuna, American Samoa">Tafuna</a> for a greeting reception, before boarding a <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-141_Starlifter" title="Lockheed C-141 Starlifter">C-141</a> cargo plane to <a href="/wiki/Ellington_Air_Force_Base" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellington Air Force Base">Ellington Air Force Base</a> near <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-clear_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clear-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_10&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Orbital operations and the solo maneuvering of the LM in partial descent to the lunar surface paved the way for the successful Apollo 11 lunar landing by demonstrating the capabilities of the mission hardware and systems. The crew demonstrated that the checkout procedures of the LM and initial descent and rendezvous could be accomplished within the allotted time, that the communication systems of the LM were sufficient, that the rendezvous and landing radars of the LM were operational in lunar orbit, and that the two spacecraft could be adequately monitored by personnel on Earth. Additionally, the precision of lunar orbital navigation improved with Apollo 10 and, combined with data from Apollo 8, NASA expected that it had achieved a level of precision sufficient to execute the first crewed lunar landing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff200472–79_65-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff200472–79-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After about two weeks of Apollo 10 data analysis, a NASA flight readiness team cleared Apollo 11 to proceed with its scheduled July 1969 flight.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 16, 1969, the next Saturn V to launch carried the astronauts of Apollo 11: <a href="/wiki/Neil_Armstrong" title="Neil Armstrong">Neil Armstrong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin" title="Buzz Aldrin">Buzz Aldrin</a>, and Michael Collins. On July 20, Armstrong and Aldrin landed on the Moon, and four days later the three astronauts returned to Earth, fulfilling <a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a>'s challenge to Americans to land astronauts on the Moon and return them safely to Earth by the end of the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 1969, Stafford replaced <a href="/wiki/Alan_Shepard" title="Alan Shepard">Alan Shepard</a> as <a href="/wiki/Chief_Astronaut" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Astronaut">Chief Astronaut</a>, and then became deputy director of Flight Crew Operations under Deke Slayton.<sup id="cite_ref-drew_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drew-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his memoirs, Stafford wrote that he could have put his name back in the flight rotation, but wanted managerial experience.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStafford_&_Cassutt469_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStafford_&_Cassutt469-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1972, Stafford was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general" title="Brigadier general">brigadier general</a> and assigned to command the American portion of the <a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz_Test_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo–Soyuz Test Project">Apollo–Soyuz Test Project</a>, which flew in July 1975. He commanded the <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Flight_Test_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Force Flight Test Center">Air Force Flight Test Center</a> at <a href="/wiki/Edwards_Air_Force_Base" title="Edwards Air Force Base">Edwards Air Force Base</a> in California, and retired in November 1979 as a <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general" title="Lieutenant general">lieutenant general</a>. Young commanded the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">Apollo 16</a> lunar landing mission flown in April 1972. From 1974 to 1987, Young served as Chief Astronaut, commanding the <a href="/wiki/STS-1" title="STS-1">STS-1</a> (1981) and <a href="/wiki/STS-9" title="STS-9">STS-9</a> (1983) Space Shuttle missions in April 1981 and November 1983, respectively, and retired from NASA's Astronaut Corps in 2004. Gene Cernan commanded the final Apollo lunar mission, Apollo 17, flown in December 1972. Cernan retired from NASA and the Navy as a <a href="/wiki/Captain_(United_States_O-6)" title="Captain (United States O-6)">captain</a> in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-drew_7-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drew-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Neal_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neal-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrench_&_Burgess1397_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrench_&_Burgess1397-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hardware_disposition">Hardware disposition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_10&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Hardware disposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_10_Command_Module_(Science_Museum_-_London)_(Closer_Vie).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Apollo_10_Command_Module_%28Science_Museum_-_London%29_%28Closer_Vie%29.jpg/220px-Apollo_10_Command_Module_%28Science_Museum_-_London%29_%28Closer_Vie%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Apollo_10_Command_Module_%28Science_Museum_-_London%29_%28Closer_Vie%29.jpg/330px-Apollo_10_Command_Module_%28Science_Museum_-_London%29_%28Closer_Vie%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Apollo_10_Command_Module_%28Science_Museum_-_London%29_%28Closer_Vie%29.jpg/440px-Apollo_10_Command_Module_%28Science_Museum_-_London%29_%28Closer_Vie%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Command module at London's <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum,_London" title="Science Museum, London">Science Museum</a> (August 2023)</figcaption></figure> <p>The Smithsonian has been accountable for the command module <i>Charlie Brown</i> since 1970. The spacecraft was on display in several countries until it was placed on loan to the <a href="/wiki/Science_Museum_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Museum (London)">London Science Museum</a> in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Charlie Brown'</i>s SM was jettisoned just before re-entry and burned up in the Earth's atmosphere, its remnants scattering in the Pacific Ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff200472–79_65-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff200472–79-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After <a href="/wiki/Translunar_injection" class="mw-redirect" title="Translunar injection">translunar injection</a>, the Saturn V's S-IVB third stage was accelerated past Earth <a href="/wiki/Escape_velocity" title="Escape velocity">escape velocity</a> to become <a href="/wiki/Space_debris" title="Space debris">space debris</a>; as of 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apollo_10&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, it remains in a heliocentric orbit.<sup id="cite_ref-ha20130923_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ha20130923-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ascent stage of the Lunar Module <i>Snoopy</i> was jettisoned into a heliocentric orbit. <i>Snoopy'</i>s ascent stage orbit was not tracked after 1969, and its whereabouts were unknown. In 2011, a group of amateur astronomers in the UK started a project to search for it. In June 2019, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Royal Astronomical Society">Royal Astronomical Society</a> announced a possible rediscovery of <i>Snoopy</i>, determining that small Earth-crossing asteroid 2018 AV<sub>2</sub> is likely to be the spacecraft with "98%" certainty.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the only once-crewed spacecraft known to still be in outer space without a crew.<sup id="cite_ref-snoopysearch_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snoopysearch-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-snoopysearch2_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snoopysearch2-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Snoopy's</i> descent stage was jettisoned in lunar orbit; its current location is unknown, though it may have eventually crashed into the Moon as a result of orbital decay.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Phil Stooke, a <a href="/wiki/Planetary_science" title="Planetary science">planetary scientist</a> who studied the lunar crash sites of the LM's ascent stages, wrote that the descent stage "crashed at an unknown location",<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and another source stated that the descent stage "eventually impact(ed) within a few degrees of the equator on the near side".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaunius_&_Johnston104–105_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaunius_&_Johnston104–105-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richard Orloff and <a href="/wiki/David_M._Harland" title="David M. Harland">David M. Harland</a>, in their sourcebook on Apollo, stated that "the descent stage was left in the low orbit, but perturbations by '<a href="/wiki/Mass_concentration_(astronomy)" title="Mass concentration (astronomy)">mascons</a>' would have caused this to decay, sending the stage to crash onto the lunar surface".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland261_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland261-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Images">Images</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_10&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed" style="text-align:left"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ap10-KSC-68C-7912.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The S-IC first stage in the VAB"><img alt="The S-IC first stage in the VAB" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Ap10-KSC-68C-7912.jpg/260px-Ap10-KSC-68C-7912.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Ap10-KSC-68C-7912.jpg/390px-Ap10-KSC-68C-7912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Ap10-KSC-68C-7912.jpg/520px-Ap10-KSC-68C-7912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1269" data-file-height="1611" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/S-IC" title="S-IC">S-IC</a> first stage in the VAB</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 278.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 276.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ap10-KSC-69PC-110.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apollo 10 during rollout"><img alt="Apollo 10 during rollout" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ap10-KSC-69PC-110.jpg/415px-Ap10-KSC-69PC-110.jpg" decoding="async" width="277" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ap10-KSC-69PC-110.jpg/622px-Ap10-KSC-69PC-110.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ap10-KSC-69PC-110.jpg/829px-Ap10-KSC-69PC-110.jpg 2x" data-file-width="965" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Apollo 10 during rollout</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_10_Prime_Crew_-_GPN-2000-001501.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The crew poses with their launch vehicle; left to right, Cernan, Young, Stafford."><img alt="The crew poses with their launch vehicle; left to right, Cernan, Young, Stafford." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Apollo_10_Prime_Crew_-_GPN-2000-001501.jpg/260px-Apollo_10_Prime_Crew_-_GPN-2000-001501.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Apollo_10_Prime_Crew_-_GPN-2000-001501.jpg/390px-Apollo_10_Prime_Crew_-_GPN-2000-001501.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Apollo_10_Prime_Crew_-_GPN-2000-001501.jpg/520px-Apollo_10_Prime_Crew_-_GPN-2000-001501.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3665" data-file-height="4650" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The crew poses with their launch vehicle; left to right, Cernan, Young, Stafford.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 314.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 312.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_10_Stafford_and_Cernan_in_White_Room.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crew boarding the command module before launch"><img alt="Crew boarding the command module before launch" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Apollo_10_Stafford_and_Cernan_in_White_Room.jpg/469px-Apollo_10_Stafford_and_Cernan_in_White_Room.jpg" decoding="async" width="313" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Apollo_10_Stafford_and_Cernan_in_White_Room.jpg/703px-Apollo_10_Stafford_and_Cernan_in_White_Room.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Apollo_10_Stafford_and_Cernan_in_White_Room.jpg/938px-Apollo_10_Stafford_and_Cernan_in_White_Room.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5056" data-file-height="3560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Crew boarding the command module before launch</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_10_earthrise.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apollo 10 view of Earthrise"><img alt="Apollo 10 view of Earthrise" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Apollo_10_earthrise.jpg/330px-Apollo_10_earthrise.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Apollo_10_earthrise.jpg/495px-Apollo_10_earthrise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Apollo_10_earthrise.jpg/660px-Apollo_10_earthrise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="4096" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Apollo 10 view of Earthrise</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_10_command_module.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="CSM Charlie Brown"><img alt="CSM Charlie Brown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Apollo_10_command_module.jpg/331px-Apollo_10_command_module.jpg" decoding="async" width="221" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Apollo_10_command_module.jpg/497px-Apollo_10_command_module.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Apollo_10_command_module.jpg 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">CSM <i>Charlie Brown</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_10_Lunar_Module_Rendezvous.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apollo Lunar Module Snoopy about to dock with the command module"><img alt="Apollo Lunar Module Snoopy about to dock with the command module" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Apollo_10_Lunar_Module_Rendezvous.jpg/330px-Apollo_10_Lunar_Module_Rendezvous.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Apollo_10_Lunar_Module_Rendezvous.jpg/495px-Apollo_10_Lunar_Module_Rendezvous.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Apollo_10_Lunar_Module_Rendezvous.jpg/660px-Apollo_10_Lunar_Module_Rendezvous.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2457" data-file-height="2457" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Apollo Lunar Module <i>Snoopy</i> about to dock with the command module</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 216px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 214px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Necho_crater_as10-33-4989.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Necho crater on the far side of the Moon"><img alt="Necho crater on the far side of the Moon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Necho_crater_as10-33-4989.jpg/321px-Necho_crater_as10-33-4989.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Necho_crater_as10-33-4989.jpg/482px-Necho_crater_as10-33-4989.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Necho_crater_as10-33-4989.jpg/642px-Necho_crater_as10-33-4989.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2604" data-file-height="2676" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Necho_(crater)" title="Necho (crater)">Necho</a> crater on the far side of the Moon</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 221.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 219.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AS10-30-4365_Swirls_near_Firsov_crater.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="High-albedo swirls within unnamed crater east of Firsov"><img alt="High-albedo swirls within unnamed crater east of Firsov" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/AS10-30-4365_Swirls_near_Firsov_crater.jpg/329px-AS10-30-4365_Swirls_near_Firsov_crater.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/AS10-30-4365_Swirls_near_Firsov_crater.jpg/494px-AS10-30-4365_Swirls_near_Firsov_crater.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/AS10-30-4365_Swirls_near_Firsov_crater.jpg/659px-AS10-30-4365_Swirls_near_Firsov_crater.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2395" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Albedo" title="Albedo">High-albedo</a> swirls within unnamed crater east of <a href="/wiki/Firsov_(crater)" title="Firsov (crater)">Firsov</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_10&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_the_Moon" title="List of artificial objects on the Moon">List of artificial objects on the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">List of missions to the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vehicle_speed_records" title="List of vehicle speed records">List of vehicle speed records</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_10&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The role of the backup crew was to train and be prepared to fly in the event something happened to the prime crew.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Backup crews, according to the rotation, were assigned as the prime crew three missions after their assignment of backups.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The five candidate sites for the first lunar landing, ALS-1 through ALS-5, were numbered from the easternmost to the westernmost. See <a href="#CITEREFPress_Kit">Press Kit</a>, p. 37</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_10&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-summary-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-summary_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029/Apollo_10a_Summary.htm">"Apollo 10 summary"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apollo+10+summary&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2FSP-4029%2FApollo_10a_Summary.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+10" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-043A">"Apollo 10"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA_Space_Science_Data_Coordinated_Archive" title="NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive">NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive</a> (NSSDCA)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apollo+10&rft.pub=NASA+Space+Science+Data+Coordinated+Archive+%28NSSDCA%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fnmc%2Fspacecraft%2Fdisplay.action%3Fid%3D1969-043A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+10" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=1969-043A"><i>Apollo 10</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/NASA_Space_Science_Data_Coordinated_Archive" title="NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive">NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive</a> (NSSDCA)<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 29,</span> 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Apollo+10&rft.pub=NASA+Space+Science+Data+Coordinated+Archive+%28NSSDCA%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fnmc%2Fspacecraft%2Fdisplay.action%3Fid%3D1969-043A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+10" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPress_Kit1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPress_Kit1_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPress_Kit">Press Kit</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010619231200/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/mirrors/images/images/pao/AS10/10075138.jpg">"Replicas of Snoopy and Charlie Brown decorate top of console in MCC"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. May 28, 1969. NASA Photo ID: S69-34314. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.ksc.nasa.gov/mirrors/images/images/pao/AS10/10075138.jpg">the original</a> on June 19, 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Replicas+of+Snoopy+and+Charlie+Brown+decorate+top+of+console+in+MCC&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=1969-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscience.ksc.nasa.gov%2Fmirrors%2Fimages%2Fimages%2Fpao%2FAS10%2F10075138.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+10" class="Z3988"></span> Photo description available <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.ksc.nasa.gov/mirrors/images/images/pao/AS10/10075138.htm">here</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211005150651/https://science.ksc.nasa.gov/mirrors/images/images/pao/AS10/10075138.htm">Archived</a> October 5, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinnon2014" class="citation web cs1">McKinnon, Mika (April 30, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gizmodo.com/snoopy-the-astrobeagle-nasas-mascot-for-safety-1570066950">"Snoopy the Astrobeagle, NASA's Mascot for Safety"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gizmodo" title="Gizmodo">Gizmodo</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gizmodo&rft.atitle=Snoopy+the+Astrobeagle%2C+NASA%27s+Mascot+for+Safety&rft.date=2014-04-30&rft.aulast=McKinnon&rft.aufirst=Mika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgizmodo.com%2Fsnoopy-the-astrobeagle-nasas-mascot-for-safety-1570066950&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+10" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-drew-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-drew_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drew_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drew_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drew_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drew_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drew_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drew_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drew_7-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaPage2019" class="citation web cs1">LaPage, Andrew (May 29, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drewexmachina.com/2019/05/29/apollo-10-the-adventure-of-charlie-brown-snoopy//">"Apollo 10: The Adventure of Charlie Brown and Snoopy"</a>. <i>Drew ex Machina</i> (Blog)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 11,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drew+ex+Machina&rft.atitle=Apollo+10%3A+The+Adventure+of+Charlie+Brown+and+Snoopy&rft.date=2019-05-29&rft.aulast=LaPage&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drewexmachina.com%2F2019%2F05%2F29%2Fapollo-10-the-adventure-of-charlie-brown-snoopy%2F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+10" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooks234–235-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooks234–235_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrooks">Brooks</a>, pp. 234–235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChaikin151–152-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaikin151–152_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChaikin151–152_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChaikin">Chaikin</a>, pp. 151–152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hamish-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hamish_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hamish_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hamish_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hamish_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindsay" class="citation web cs1">Lindsay, Hamish. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://honeysucklecreek.net/msfn_missions/Apollo_10_mission/hl_apollo10.html">"Apollo 10"</a>. Colin Hackellar<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Apollo+10&rft.pub=Colin+Hackellar&rft.aulast=Lindsay&rft.aufirst=Hamish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhoneysucklecreek.net%2Fmsfn_missions%2FApollo_10_mission%2Fhl_apollo10.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+10" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/atoms/files/stafford_thomas.pdf">"Thomas P. Stafford, Lieutenant General, U.S. Air Force (Ret.) NASA astronaut (former)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_Space_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center">Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Finding+spacecraft+impacts+on+the+Moon&rft.pub=The+Planetary+Society&rft.date=2017-02-20&rft.aulast=Stooke&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.planetary.org%2Fblogs%2Fguest-blogs%2F2017%2F0207-finding-spacecraft-impacts-on-the-moon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+10" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaunius_&_Johnston104–105-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaunius_&_Johnston104–105_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaunius_&_Johnston">Launius & Johnston</a>, pp. 104–105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland261-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOrloff_&_Harland261_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOrloff_&_Harland">Orloff & Harland</a>, p. 261.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_10&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMission_Report" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a410/A10_MissionReport.pdf"><i>Apollo 10 Mission Report</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Scientific and Technical Information Branch, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. 1969. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/a410/A10_MissionReport.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Apollo+10+Mission+Report&rft.pub=Scientific+and+Technical+Information+Branch%2C+NASA&rft.date=1969&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hq.nasa.gov%2Falsj%2Fa410%2FA10_MissionReport.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+10" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPress_Kit" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a410/A10_PressKit.pdf"><i>Apollo 10 Press Kit</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. May 7, 1969. Release No. 69-68. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://history.nasa.gov/alsj/a410/A10_PressKit.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Apollo+10+Press+Kit&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=1969-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2Falsj%2Fa410%2FA10_PressKit.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+10" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooks" class="citation book cs1">Brooks, Courtney G.; Grimwood, James M.; Swenson, Loyd S. Jr. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4205.pdf"><i>Chariots for Apollo: A History of Manned Lunar Spacecraft</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA History Series. Scientific and Technical Information Branch, <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-46756-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-46756-6"><bdi>978-0-486-46756-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/79001042">79001042</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4664449">4664449</a>. NASA SP-4205. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4205.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chariots+for+Apollo%3A+A+History+of+Manned+Lunar+Spacecraft&rft.series=NASA+History+Series&rft.pub=Scientific+and+Technical+Information+Branch%2C+NASA&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4664449&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F79001042&rft.isbn=978-0-486-46756-6&rft.aulast=Brooks&rft.aufirst=Courtney+G.&rft.au=Grimwood%2C+James+M.&rft.au=Swenson%2C+Loyd+S.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2FSP-4205.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+10" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCernan" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gene_Cernan" title="Gene Cernan">Cernan, Gene</a>; <a href="/wiki/Donald_A._Davis" title="Donald A. Davis">Davis, Don</a> (2009) [1999]. <i>The Last Man on the Moon: Astronaut Eugene Cernan and America's Race in Space</i> (10th anniversary edition ebook ed.). <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Griffin</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-26351-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-26351-5"><bdi>978-0-312-26351-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/321015054">321015054</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Man+on+the+Moon%3A+Astronaut+Eugene+Cernan+and+America%27s+Race+in+Space&rft.edition=10th+anniversary+edition+ebook&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Griffin&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F321015054&rft.isbn=978-0-312-26351-5&rft.aulast=Cernan&rft.aufirst=Gene&rft.au=Davis%2C+Don&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+10" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChaikin" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Chaikin" title="Andrew Chaikin">Chaikin, Andrew</a> (1995) [1994]. <a href="/wiki/A_Man_on_the_Moon" title="A Man on the Moon"><i>A Man on the Moon: The Voyages of the Apollo Astronauts</i></a>. Foreword by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Hanks" title="Tom Hanks">Tom Hanks</a>. <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-024146-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-024146-4"><bdi>978-0-14-024146-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/611666234">611666234</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Man+on+the+Moon%3A+The+Voyages+of+the+Apollo+Astronauts&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F611666234&rft.isbn=978-0-14-024146-4&rft.aulast=Chaikin&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+10" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrench_&_Burgess" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Francis_French_(author)" title="Francis French (author)">French, Francis</a>; <a href="/wiki/Colin_Burgess_(author)" title="Colin Burgess (author)">Burgess, Colin</a> (2007). <i>In the Shadow of the Moon: a Challenging Journey to Tranquility, 1965-1969</i> (eBook ed.). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nebraska_Press" title="University of Nebraska Press">University of Nebraska Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-1128-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8032-1128-5"><bdi>978-0-8032-1128-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/539472915">539472915</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Shadow+of+the+Moon%3A+a+Challenging+Journey+to+Tranquility%2C+1965-1969&rft.edition=eBook&rft.pub=University+of+Nebraska+Press&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F539472915&rft.isbn=978-0-8032-1128-5&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=Francis&rft.au=Burgess%2C+Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+10" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlenday_2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Glenday" class="mw-redirect" title="Craig Glenday">Glenday, Craig</a>, ed. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/guinnessworldrec00vari"><i>Guinness World Records 2010</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Bantam_Books" title="Bantam Books">Bantam Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-553-59337-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-553-59337-2"><bdi>978-0-553-59337-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/436030244">436030244</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guinness+World+Records+2010&rft.pub=Bantam+Books&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F436030244&rft.isbn=978-0-553-59337-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fguinnessworldrec00vari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+10" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaunius_&_Johnston" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_D._Launius" title="Roger D. Launius">Launius, Roger D.</a>; Johnston, Andrew K. (2009). <i>Smithsonian Atlas of Space Exploration</i>. Bunker Hill Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-156526-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-156526-7"><bdi>978-0-06-156526-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/883606901">883606901</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Smithsonian+Atlas+of+Space+Exploration&rft.pub=Bunker+Hill+Publishing&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F883606901&rft.isbn=978-0-06-156526-7&rft.aulast=Launius&rft.aufirst=Roger+D.&rft.au=Johnston%2C+Andrew+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+10" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Nelson" class="citation book cs1">Nelson, Craig (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780670021031"><i>Rocket Men: The Epic Story of the First Men on the Moon</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Viking_Press" title="Viking Press">Viking</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-02103-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-02103-1"><bdi>978-0-670-02103-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1336245311">1336245311</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rocket+Men%3A+The+Epic+Story+of+the+First+Men+on+the+Moon&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1336245311&rft.isbn=978-0-670-02103-1&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780670021031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+10" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrloff2004" class="citation book cs1">Orloff, Richard W. (2004) [First published 2000]. "Apollo by the Numbers: A Statistical Reference". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029.pdf"><i>NASA History Division, Office of Policy and Plans</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. NASA History Series. <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-16-050631-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-16-050631-4"><bdi>978-0-16-050631-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/00061677">00061677</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/651892628">651892628</a>. NASA SP-2000-4029. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4029.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Apollo+by+the+Numbers%3A+A+Statistical+Reference&rft.btitle=NASA+History+Division%2C+Office+of+Policy+and+Plans&rft.series=NASA+History+Series&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F651892628&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F00061677&rft.isbn=978-0-16-050631-4&rft.aulast=Orloff&rft.aufirst=Richard+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.nasa.gov%2FSP-4029.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+10" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrloff_&_Harland" class="citation book cs1">Orloff, Richard W.; <a href="/wiki/David_M._Harland" title="David M. Harland">Harland, David M.</a> (2006). <i>Apollo: The Definitive Sourcebook</i>. Praxis Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-30043-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-30043-6"><bdi>978-0-387-30043-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/315797584">315797584</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Apollo%3A+The+Definitive+Sourcebook&rft.pub=Praxis+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F315797584&rft.isbn=978-0-387-30043-6&rft.aulast=Orloff&rft.aufirst=Richard+W.&rft.au=Harland%2C+David+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+10" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlayton_&_Cassutt" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Deke_Slayton" title="Deke Slayton">Slayton, Donald K. "Deke"</a>; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cassutt" title="Michael Cassutt">Cassutt, Michael</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z8vl46GV2JYC&pg=PA236"><i>Deke! U.S. Manned Space: From Mercury to the Shuttle</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Tor_Books" title="Tor Books">Forge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-85503-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-85503-1"><bdi>978-0-312-85503-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1301427286">1301427286</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Deke%21+U.S.+Manned+Space%3A+From+Mercury+to+the+Shuttle&rft.pub=Forge&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1301427286&rft.isbn=978-0-312-85503-1&rft.aulast=Slayton&rft.aufirst=Donald+K.+%22Deke%22&rft.au=Cassutt%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz8vl46GV2JYC%26pg%3DPA236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+10" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStafford_&_Cassutt" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_P._Stafford" title="Thomas P. Stafford">Stafford, Thomas</a>; <a href="/wiki/Michael_Cassutt" title="Michael Cassutt">Cassutt, Michael</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BqdqBgAAQBAJ&q=We+Have+Capture"><i>We Have Capture</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithsonian Institution Press">Smithsonian Institution Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58834-070-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58834-070-2"><bdi>978-1-58834-070-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/539191452">539191452</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=We+Have+Capture&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution+Press&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F539191452&rft.isbn=978-1-58834-070-2&rft.aulast=Stafford&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Cassutt%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBqdqBgAAQBAJ%26q%3DWe%2BHave%2BCapture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+10" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilhelms" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Don_Wilhelms" title="Don Wilhelms">Wilhelms, Don E.</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lpi.usra.edu/publications/books/rockyMoon/"><i>To a Rocky Moon: A Geologist's History of Lunar Exploration</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Arizona_Press" title="University of Arizona Press">University of Arizona Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8165-1065-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8165-1065-8"><bdi>978-0-8165-1065-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/488684300">488684300</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+a+Rocky+Moon%3A+A+Geologist%27s+History+of+Lunar+Exploration&rft.pub=University+of+Arizona+Press&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F488684300&rft.isbn=978-0-8165-1065-8&rft.aulast=Wilhelms&rft.aufirst=Don+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lpi.usra.edu%2Fpublications%2Fbooks%2FrockyMoon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApollo+10" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apollo_10&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Apollo_10" class="extiw" title="commons:Apollo 10"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Apollo 10</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020415044235/http://www.astronautix.com/flights/apollo10.htm">"Apollo 10"</a> at Encyclopedia Astronautica</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/">NSSDC Master Catalog</a> at NASA</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/afj/ap10fj/index.html">Apollo 10 Flight Journal</a></li></ul> <p><b>NASA reports</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4009/cover.htm"><i>The Apollo Spacecraft: A Chronology</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171209084600/http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4009/cover.htm">Archived</a> December 9, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> NASA, NASA SP-4009</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/apsr/apsr.htm">"Apollo Program Summary Report"</a> (PDF), NASA, JSC-09423, April 1975</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4012/vol3/table2.38.htm">"Table 2-38. Apollo 10 Characteristics"</a> from NASA Historical Data Book: Volume III: Programs and Projects 1969–1978 by Linda Neuman Ezell, NASA History Series (1988)</li></ul> <p><b>Multimedia</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Jsc-519Apollo10-toSortOutTheUnknowns.wmv">Apollo 10: "To Sort Out the Unknowns"</a></i> Official NASA/JSC documentary film, JSC-519 (1969)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Apollo1016mmOnboardFilm1">Apollo 10 16mm onboard film part 1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/Apollo1016mmOnboardFilm2">part 2</a> raw footage taken from Apollo 10 at the Internet Archive</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jsc.nasa.gov/history/mission_trans/apollo10.htm">Mission Transcripts: Apollo 10</a> at NASA's <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson_Space_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center">Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.ksc.nasa.gov/mirrors/images/html/as10.htm">Images from Apollo 10</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517124831/http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/mirrors/images/html/as10.htm">Archived</a> May 17, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at NASA's <a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190830171304/http://www.apollotv.net/">Apollo launch and mission videos</a> at ApolloTV.net</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Apollo_program" title="Template:Apollo program"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Apollo_program" title="Template talk:Apollo program"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Apollo_program" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Apollo program"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Apollo_program491" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo program</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_missions" title="List of Apollo missions">List of missions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canceled_Apollo_missions" title="Canceled Apollo missions">canceled missions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">List of Apollo astronauts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch complexes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Launch_Complex_34" title="Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 34">Launch Complex 34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Launch_Complex_37" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Canaveral Launch Complex 37">Launch Complex 37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39">Launch Complex 39</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39A" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39B" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39B">B</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="15" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Apollo_program.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of the Apollo program"><img alt="Emblem of the Apollo program" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Apollo_program.svg/70px-Apollo_program.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Apollo_program.svg/105px-Apollo_program.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Apollo_program.svg/140px-Apollo_program.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="619" data-file-height="619" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ground facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center#Gemini_and_Apollo_(1965-1975)" title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center">Mission Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Canaveral_Space_Force_Station" title="Cape Canaveral Space Force Station">Cape Kennedy Air Force Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crawler-transporter" title="Crawler-transporter">Crawler-transporter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manned_Space_Flight_Network" title="Manned Space Flight Network">Manned Space Flight Network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Launch vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Joe_II" title="Little Joe II">Little Joe II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_(rocket_family)" title="Saturn (rocket family)">Saturn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_I" title="Saturn I">Saturn I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_IB" title="Saturn IB">Saturn IB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_V" title="Saturn V">Saturn V</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spacecraft and rover</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_(spacecraft)" title="Apollo (spacecraft)">Apollo spacecraft</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_command_and_service_module" title="Apollo command and service module">Command and Service Module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Lunar Module</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uncrewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AS-101" title="AS-101">AS-101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AS-102" title="AS-102">AS-102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AS-201" title="AS-201">AS-201</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AS-202" title="AS-202">AS-202</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_4" title="Apollo 4">Apollo 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_5" title="Apollo 5">Apollo 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_6" title="Apollo 6">Apollo 6</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Crewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_1" title="Apollo 1">Apollo 1</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_7" title="Apollo 7">Apollo 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">Apollo 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_9" title="Apollo 9">Apollo 9</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Apollo 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">Apollo 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_13" title="Apollo 13">Apollo 13</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">Apollo 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">Apollo 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">Apollo 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">Apollo 17</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Saturn<br />development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_I_SA-1" title="Saturn I SA-1">Saturn-Apollo 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_I_SA-2" title="Saturn I SA-2">SA-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_I_SA-3" title="Saturn I SA-3">SA-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_I_SA-4" title="Saturn I SA-4">SA-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_I_SA-5" title="Saturn I SA-5">SA-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AS-203" title="AS-203">AS-203</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_4" title="Apollo 4">Apollo 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_6" title="Apollo 6">Apollo 6</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apollo_abort_modes" title="Apollo abort modes">Abort tests</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Joe_II_Qualification_Test_Vehicle" title="Little Joe II Qualification Test Vehicle">QTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pad_Abort_Test_1" title="Pad Abort Test 1">Pad Abort Test-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-001" title="A-001">A-001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-002" title="A-002">A-002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-003" title="A-003">A-003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pad_Abort_Test_2" title="Pad Abort Test 2">Pad Abort Test-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A-004" title="A-004">A-004</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pegasus_(satellite)" title="Pegasus (satellite)">Pegasus</a> flights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AS-103" title="AS-103">AS-103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AS-104" title="AS-104">AS-104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AS-105" title="AS-105">AS-105</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apollo 8 specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Earthrise" title="Earthrise">Earthrise</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8_Genesis_reading" title="Apollo 8 Genesis reading">Genesis reading</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apollo 11 specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Command_module_Columbia" title="Command module Columbia">Command Module <i>Columbia</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Module_Eagle" title="Lunar Module Eagle">Lunar Module <i>Eagle</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tranquility_Base" title="Tranquility Base">Tranquility Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_(lunar_crater)" title="Double (lunar crater)">Double crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_West_(lunar_crater)" title="Little West (lunar crater)">Little West crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_goodwill_messages" title="Apollo 11 goodwill messages">Goodwill messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_lunar_sample_display" title="Apollo 11 lunar sample display">Lunar sample displays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_missing_tapes" title="Apollo 11 missing tapes">Missing tapes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_anniversaries" title="Apollo 11 anniversaries">Anniversaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_50th_Anniversary_commemorative_coins" title="Apollo 11 50th Anniversary commemorative coins">50th Anniversary commemorative coins</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_in_popular_culture" title="Apollo 11 in popular culture">In popular culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apollo 12 specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mare_Cognitum#Statio_Cognitum" title="Mare Cognitum">Statio Cognitum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_3" title="Surveyor 3">Surveyor 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_(crater)" title="Surveyor (crater)">Surveyor crater</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bench_Crater_meteorite" title="Bench Crater meteorite">Bench Crater meteorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J002E3" title="J002E3">J002E3</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moon_Museum" title="Moon Museum">Moon Museum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reports_of_Streptococcus_mitis_on_the_Moon" title="Reports of Streptococcus mitis on the Moon">Reports of <i>Streptococcus mitis</i> on the Moon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apollo 13 specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houston,_we_have_a_problem" title="Houston, we have a problem">"Houston, we've had a problem"</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apollo 14 specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modular_Equipment_Transporter" title="Modular Equipment Transporter">Modular Equipment Transporter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fra_Mauro_formation" title="Fra Mauro formation">Fra Mauro formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Bertha_(lunar_sample)" title="Big Bertha (lunar sample)">Big Bertha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_tree" title="Moon tree">Moon tree</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apollo 15 specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journey_of_Apollo_15_to_the_Moon" title="Journey of Apollo 15 to the Moon">Journey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15_operations_on_the_Lunar_surface" title="Apollo 15 operations on the Lunar surface">Lunar operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_operations_of_Apollo_15" title="Solo operations of Apollo 15">Solo operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_of_Apollo_15_to_Earth" title="Return of Apollo 15 to Earth">Return to Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadley%E2%80%93Apennine" title="Hadley–Apennine">Hadley–Apennine</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fallen_Astronaut" title="Fallen Astronaut">Fallen Astronaut</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genesis_Rock" title="Genesis Rock">Genesis Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Scott_(lunar_sample)" title="Great Scott (lunar sample)">Great Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadley_Rille_meteorite" title="Hadley Rille meteorite">Hadley Rille meteorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seatbelt_basalt" title="Seatbelt basalt">Seatbelt basalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15_postal_covers_incident" title="Apollo 15 postal covers incident">Postal covers incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apollo 16 specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Muley" title="Big Muley">Big Muley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apollo 17 specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Marble" title="The Blue Marble">The Blue Marble</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurus%E2%80%93Littrow" title="Taurus–Littrow">Taurus–Littrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tracy%27s_Rock" title="Tracy's Rock">Tracy's Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nansen-Apollo_(crater)" title="Nansen-Apollo (crater)">Nansen-Apollo crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorty_(crater)" title="Shorty (crater)">Shorty crater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17_lunar_sample_display" title="Apollo 17 lunar sample display">Lunar sample display</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_basalt_70017" title="Lunar basalt 70017">Lunar basalt 70017</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troctolite_76535" title="Troctolite 76535">Troctolite 76535</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALSE" title="ALSE">Apollo Lunar Sounder Experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe,_Fi,_Fo,_Fum,_and_Phooey" title="Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey">Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Applications_Program" title="Apollo Applications Program">Post-Apollo</a><br />capsule use</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Skylab_2" title="Skylab 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab_3" title="Skylab 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab_4" title="Skylab 4">4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Apollo–Soyuz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_orbit_rendezvous" title="Lunar orbit rendezvous">Lunar orbit rendezvous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_and_missing_Moon_rocks" title="Stolen and missing Moon rocks">Stolen and missing Moon rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-party_evidence_for_Apollo_Moon_landings" title="Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings">Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>Symbol <sup>†</sup> indicates failure or partial failure</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spacecraft_missions_to_the_Moon302" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Moon_spacecraft" title="Template:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Moon_spacecraft" title="Template talk:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Moon_spacecraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spacecraft_missions_to_the_Moon302" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">Spacecraft missions</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_the_Moon" title="Exploration of the Moon">Exploration</a><br />programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">Lunar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program" title="Lunar Precursor Robotic Program">Lunar Precursor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">Chang'e</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISRO" title="ISRO">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan_programme" title="Chandrayaan programme">Chandrayaan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Space_and_Astronautical_Science" title="Institute of Space and Astronautical Science">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Japanese Lunar Exploration Program">Japanese Lunar Exploration Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Aerospace_Research_Institute" title="Korea Aerospace Research Institute">South Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Korean Lunar Exploration Program">Korean Lunar Exploration Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_crewed_lunar_programs" title="Soviet crewed lunar programs">Crewed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_programme" title="Luna programme">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_programme" title="Lunokhod programme">Lunokhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Active<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/THEMIS#ARTEMIS" title="THEMIS">ARTEMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAPSTONE" title="CAPSTONE">CAPSTONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danuri" title="Danuri">Danuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao 1 and 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">Tiandu-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICUBE-Q" title="ICUBE-Q">ICUBE-Q</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Landers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Ghost_Mission_1" title="Blue Ghost Mission 1">Blue Ghost Mission 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_2" title="Hakuto-R Mission 2">Hakuto-R Mission 2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Rovers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2">Yutu-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_2" title="Hakuto-R Mission 2">TENACIOUS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Flybys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArgoMoon" title="ArgoMoon">ArgoMoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Past<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Crewed landings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">12</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">14</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">List of Apollo astronauts</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">Apollo 8</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">10</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_I" title="Artemis I">Artemis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-1" title="Chandrayaan-1">Chandrayaan-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-3" title="Chandrayaan-3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementine_(spacecraft)" title="Clementine (spacecraft)">Clementine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_35" title="Explorer 35">Explorer 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_49" title="Explorer 49">49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiten_(spacecraft)" title="Hiten (spacecraft)">Hiten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LADEE" title="LADEE">LADEE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Microsatellites" title="Chang'e 4">Longjiang-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_10" title="Luna 10">Luna 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_11" title="Luna 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_12" title="Luna 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_14" title="Luna 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_19" title="Luna 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_22" title="Luna 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_1" title="Lunar Orbiter 1">Lunar Orbiter 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_2" title="Lunar Orbiter 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_3" title="Lunar Orbiter 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_4" title="Lunar Orbiter 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_5" title="Lunar Orbiter 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Prospector" title="Lunar Prospector">Lunar Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15#Lunar_subsatellite" title="Apollo 15">PFS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16#Lunar_subsatellite_PFS-2" title="Apollo 16">PFS-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1">SMART-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">SELENE (Kaguya, Okina, Ouna)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_that_impacted_the_Moon" title="Category:Spacecraft that impacted the Moon">Impactors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LCROSS" title="LCROSS">LCROSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_2" title="Luna 2">Luna 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Impact_Probe" title="Moon Impact Probe">Moon Impact Probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_4" title="Ranger 4">Ranger 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_6" title="Ranger 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_7" title="Ranger 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_8" title="Ranger 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_9" title="Ranger 9">9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing" title="Moon landing">Landers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module</a></i> ×6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_9" title="Luna 9">Luna 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_13" title="Luna 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_17" title="Luna 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_20" title="Luna 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_21" title="Luna 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_23" title="Luna 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_1" title="Surveyor 1">Surveyor 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_3" title="Surveyor 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_5" title="Surveyor 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_6" title="Surveyor 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_7" title="Surveyor 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-3" title="Chandrayaan-3">Chandrayaan-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EagleCam" class="mw-redirect" title="EagleCam">EagleCam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-1" title="IM-1">IM-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">SLIM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_rover" title="Lunar rover">Rovers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">Apollo 15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_1" title="Lunokhod 1">Lunokhod 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_2" title="Lunokhod 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yutu_(rover)" title="Yutu (rover)">Yutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-2)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)">Pragyan 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-3)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-3)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon#Lunar_Excursion_Vehicle_1" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">LEV-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon#Lunar_Excursion_Vehicle_2" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">LEV-2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sora-Q" title="Sora-Q">Sora-Q</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">Jinchan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Sample-return_mission" title="Sample-return mission">Sample return</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">12</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">14</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16">Luna 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_20" title="Luna 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Failed landings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beresheet" title="Beresheet">Beresheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Lunar_Mission" title="Emirates Lunar Mission">Emirates Lunar Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_1" title="Hakuto-R Mission 1">Hakuto-R M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_5" title="Luna 5">Luna 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_7" title="Luna 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_8" title="Luna 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_15" title="Luna 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_18" title="Luna 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_25" title="Luna 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMOTENASHI" title="OMOTENASHI">OMOTENASHI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_2" title="Surveyor 2">Surveyor 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_4" title="Surveyor 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2#Vikram_lander" title="Chandrayaan-2">Vikram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" title="Peregrine Mission One">Peregrine Mission One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Lunar_flybys" title="Category:Lunar flybys">Flybys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Memorial_Moon_Mission" title="Manfred Memorial Moon Mission">4M</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_13" title="Apollo 13">Apollo 13</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotail" title="Geotail">Geotail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_project" title="Galileo project">Galileo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cometary_Explorer" title="International Cometary Explorer">ICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Microsatellites" title="Chang'e 4">Longjiang-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_1" title="Luna 1">Luna 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_3" title="Luna 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_4" title="Luna 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_6" title="Luna 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Hydrogen_Mapper" title="Lunar Polar Hydrogen Mapper">LunaH-Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Flashlight" title="Lunar Flashlight">Lunar Flashlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_IceCube" title="Lunar IceCube">Lunar IceCube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LunIR" title="LunIR">LunIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_10" title="Mariner 10">Mariner 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_Asteroid_Scout" title="Near-Earth Asteroid Scout">NEA Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_4" title="Pioneer 4">Pioneer 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_5" title="Ranger 5">Ranger 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">TESS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_(spacecraft)" title="Wind (spacecraft)">Wind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_3" title="Zond 3">Zond 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_5" title="Zond 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_6" title="Zond 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_7" title="Zond 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_8" title="Zond 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAS-22" title="PAS-22">PAS-22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Planned<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_II" title="Artemis II">II</a></i> (2026)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_III" title="Artemis III">III</a></i> (2027)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_IV" title="Artemis IV">IV</a></i> (2028)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_V" title="Artemis V">V</a></i> (2030)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IM-2" title="IM-2">IM-2</a> (2025) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Trailblazer" title="Lunar Trailblazer">Lunar Trailblazer</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_26" title="Luna 26">26</a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_27" title="Luna 27">27</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_28" title="Luna 28">28</a> (2030)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 29 (page does not exist)">29</a> (2030s)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 30 (page does not exist)">30</a> (2030s)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_31&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 31 (page does not exist)">31</a> (2030s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">CLEP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_7" title="Chang'e 7">Chang'e 7</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_8" title="Chang'e 8">8</a> (2028)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan_programme" title="Chandrayaan programme">Chandrayaan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-4" title="Chandrayaan-4">4</a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Exploration_Mission" title="Lunar Polar Exploration Mission">5 (LUPEX)</a> (2028)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Korean Lunar Exploration Program">KLEP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Korean_lunar_lander" title="Korean lunar lander">Korean lunar lander</a> (2032)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beresheet_2" title="Beresheet 2">Beresheet 2</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispace_(Japanese_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispace (Japanese company)">ispace M3</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Pathfinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Pathfinder">Lunar Pathfinder</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DESTINY%2B" title="DESTINY+">DESTINY<sup>+</sup></a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cislunar_Explorers" title="Cislunar Explorers">Cislunar Explorers</a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Escape_Explorer" title="Earth Escape Explorer">CU-E<sup>3</sup></a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology#Rovers" title="Astrobotic Technology">MoonRanger</a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argonaut_(lunar_lander)" title="Argonaut (lunar lander)">Argonaut M1</a> (2031)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Research_Station" title="International Lunar Research Station">International Lunar Research Station</a> (2030s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Proposed<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Robotic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Transportation_Systems" title="Planetary Transportation Systems">ALINA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draper_Laboratory#Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Draper Laboratory">Artemis-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)" title="Blue Moon (spacecraft)">Blue Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BOLAS_(spacecraft)" title="BOLAS (spacecraft)">BOLAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garat%C3%A9a-L" title="Garatéa-L">Garatéa-L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISOCHRON_(spacecraft)" title="ISOCHRON (spacecraft)">ISOCHRON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LunaNet" title="LunaNet">LunaNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Crater_Radio_Telescope" title="Lunar Crater Radio Telescope">Lunar Crater Radio Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCandless_Lunar_Lander" title="McCandless Lunar Lander">McCandless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Diver_(spacecraft)" title="Moon Diver (spacecraft)">Moon Diver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Crewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/DSE-Alpha" title="DSE-Alpha">DSE-Alpha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Lunar_Lander" title="Boeing Lunar Lander">Boeing Lunar Lander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Lunar_Lander" title="Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander">Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbital_Station" title="Lunar Orbital Station">Lunar Orbital Station</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Cancelled /<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Altair_(spacecraft)" title="Altair (spacecraft)">Altair</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_1" title="Baden-Württemberg 1">Baden-Württemberg 1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DearMoon_project" title="DearMoon project">#dearMoon project</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Lunar_Explorer" title="European Lunar Explorer">European Lunar Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Lunar_Outpost" title="First Lunar Outpost">First Lunar Outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Network" title="International Lunar Network">International Lunar Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEO_(spacecraft)" title="LEO (spacecraft)">LEO</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/LK_(spacecraft)" title="LK (spacecraft)">LK</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar-A" title="Lunar-A">Lunar-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Lander_(spacecraft)" title="Lunar Lander (spacecraft)">Lunar Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Mission_One" title="Lunar Mission One">Lunar Mission One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Observer_program" title="Planetary Observer program">Lunar Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunokhod 3">Lunokhod 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoonLITE" title="MoonLITE">MoonLITE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoonRise" title="MoonRise">MoonRise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OrbitBeyond" title="OrbitBeyond">OrbitBeyond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Harvest_Moon" title="Project Harvest Moon">Project Harvest Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospector_(spacecraft)" title="Prospector (spacecraft)">Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Prospector_(rover)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resource Prospector (rover)">Resource Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE-2" title="SELENE-2">SELENE-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrselena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrselena">Ukrselena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masten_Space_Systems#XL-1" title="Masten Space Systems">XL-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIPER_(rover)" title="VIPER (rover)">VIPER</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_the_Moon" title="Colonization of the Moon">Colonization of the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Lunar_X_Prize" title="Google Lunar X Prize">Google Lunar X Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lunar_probes" title="List of lunar probes">List of lunar probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">List of missions to the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_the_Moon" title="List of artificial objects on the Moon">List of artificial objects on the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_species_that_have_landed_on_the_Moon" title="List of species that have landed on the Moon">List of species that have landed on the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_resources" title="Lunar resources">Lunar resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe,_Fi,_Fo,_Fum,_and_Phooey" title="Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey">Apollo 17 Moon mice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories" title="Moon landing conspiracy theories">Moon landing conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-party_evidence_for_Apollo_Moon_landings" title="Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings">Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_anniversaries" title="Apollo 11 anniversaries">Apollo 11 anniversaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crewed_lunar_landers" title="List of crewed lunar landers">List of crewed lunar landers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><div> <ul><li>Missions are ordered by launch date. Crewed missions are in <i>italics</i>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_1968Orbital_launches_in_19691970_→535" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launches_in_1969" title="Template:Orbital launches in 1969"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launches_in_1969" title="Template talk:Orbital launches in 1969"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launches_in_1969" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launches in 1969"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_1968Orbital_launches_in_19691970_→535" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/1968_in_spaceflight" title="1968 in spaceflight">← 1968</a></div><a href="/wiki/1969_in_spaceflight" title="1969 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">1969</span></span></span></a><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/1970_in_spaceflight" title="1970 in spaceflight">1970 →</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Venera_5" title="Venera 5">Venera 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venera_6" title="Venera 6">Venera 6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_263&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 263 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 263</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_4" title="Soyuz 4">Soyuz 4</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_5" title="Soyuz 5">Soyuz 5</a></u></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soyuz_7K-L1_No.13L&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soyuz 7K-L1 No.13L (page does not exist)">7K-L1 No.13L</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSO-5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSO-5 (page does not exist)">OSO-5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_7585&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 7585 (page does not exist)">OPS 7585</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_264&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 264 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 264</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=US-A_No.5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="US-A No.5 (page does not exist)">US-A No.5</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isis_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isis 1 (page does not exist)">Isis 1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteor-1_No.11&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteor-1 No.11 (page does not exist)">Meteor-1 No.11</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3890&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3890 (page does not exist)">OPS 3890</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_2644&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 2644 (page does not exist)">OPS 2644</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_III_F-3" title="Intelsat III F-3">Intelsat III F-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_265" title="Kosmos 265">Kosmos 265</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_0757&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 0757 (page does not exist)">OPS 0757</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-8_No.201" title="Luna E-8 No.201">Luna E-8 No.201</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soyuz_7K-L1S_No.3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soyuz 7K-L1S No.3 (page does not exist)">7K-L1S No.3</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariner 6">Mariner 6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_266&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 266 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 266</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESSA-9" title="ESSA-9">ESSA-9</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_267&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 267 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 267</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Apollo_9" title="Apollo 9">Apollo 9</a></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_4248&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 4248 (page does not exist)">OPS 4248</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_268" title="Kosmos 268">Kosmos 268</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_269&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 269 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 269</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_270&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 270 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 270</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_271&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 271 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 271</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_272&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 272 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 272</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OV1-17&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OV1-17 (page does not exist)">OV1-17</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OV1-18&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OV1-18 (page does not exist)">OV1-18</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OV1-19&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OV1-19 (page does not exist)">OV1-19</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbiscal_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbiscal 2 (page does not exist)">Orbiscal 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3722&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3722 (page does not exist)">OPS 3722</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_2285&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 2285 (page does not exist)">OPS 2285</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_273&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 273 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 273</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_274&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 274 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 274</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteor-1_No.12&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteor-1 No.12 (page does not exist)">Meteor-1 No.12</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_2M_No.521" title="Mars 2M No.521">2M No.521</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_7" class="mw-redirect" title="Mariner 7">Mariner 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_275" title="Kosmos 275">Kosmos 275</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_2M_No.522" title="Mars 2M No.522">2M No.522</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_276&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 276 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 276</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_277" title="Kosmos 277">Kosmos 277</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_278&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 278 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 278</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-1_No.16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-1 No.16 (page does not exist)">Molniya-1 No.16</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3148&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3148 (page does not exist)">OPS 3148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbus_3" title="Nimbus 3">Nimbus 3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SECOR_13&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SECOR 13 (page does not exist)">SECOR 13</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_279&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 279 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 279</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_5310&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 5310 (page does not exist)">OPS 5310</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_280&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 280 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 280</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_1101&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 1101 (page does not exist)">OPS 1101</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_1721&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 1721 (page does not exist)">OPS 1721</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_281&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 281 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 281</a></li> <li><u><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Apollo 10</a></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_282&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 282 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 282</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_III_F-4" title="Intelsat III F-4">Intelsat III F-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPS_6909" class="mw-redirect" title="OPS 6909">OPS 6909</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_6911&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 6911 (page does not exist)">OPS 6911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Research_Satellite_29" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Research Satellite 29">ERS-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Research_Satellite_26" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Research Satellite 26">ERS-26</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OV5-9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OV5-9 (page does not exist)">OV5-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_283" title="Kosmos 283">Kosmos 283</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_284&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 284 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 284</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_285" title="Kosmos 285">Kosmos 285</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_1077&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 1077 (page does not exist)">OPS 1077</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OGO-6" class="mw-redirect" title="OGO-6">OGO-6</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luna_E-8-5_No.402" class="mw-redirect" title="Luna E-8-5 No.402">Luna E-8-5 No.402</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_286&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 286 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 286</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_41" title="Explorer 41">Explorer 41</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_287&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 287 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 287</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_288&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 288 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 288</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biosatellite_3" title="Biosatellite 3">Biosatellite 3</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=STV-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="STV-2 (page does not exist)">STV-2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soyuz_7K-L1S_No.5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soyuz 7K-L1S No.5 (page does not exist)">7K-L1S No.5</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_289&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 289 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 289</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_15" title="Luna 15">Luna 15</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_290&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 290 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 290</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-1_No.18&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-1 No.18 (page does not exist)">Molniya-1 No.18</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_1127&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 1127 (page does not exist)">OPS 1127</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=DS-P1-Yu_No.23&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DS-P1-Yu No.23 (page does not exist)">DS-P1-Yu No.23</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3654&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3654 (page does not exist)">OPS 3654</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_III_F-5" title="Intelsat III F-5">Intelsat III F-5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_8285&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 8285 (page does not exist)">OPS 8285</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_291" title="Kosmos 291">Kosmos 291</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_7" title="Zond 7">Zond 7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSO-6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSO-6 (page does not exist)">OSO-6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Package_Attitude_Control_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Package Attitude Control 1 (page does not exist)">PAC-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ATS-5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ATS-5 (page does not exist)">ATS-5</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_292&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 292 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 292</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_293&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 293 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 293</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_294&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 294 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 294</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_295" title="Kosmos 295">Kosmos 295</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_7807&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 7807 (page does not exist)">OPS 7807</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_E" class="mw-redirect" title="Pioneer E">Pioneer E</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Environmental_Research_Satellite_32" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental Research Satellite 32">ERS-32</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_296&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 296 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 296</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_297&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 297 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 297</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_298&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 298 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 298</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_299&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 299 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 299</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=L-4S-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L-4S-4 (page does not exist)">Unnamed</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_3531&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 3531 (page does not exist)">OPS 3531</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_4710&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 4710 (page does not exist)">OPS 4710</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_300" title="Kosmos 300">Kosmos 300</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_301&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 301 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 301</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_7613&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 7613 (page does not exist)">OPS 7613</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NRL_PL-161&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NRL PL-161 (page does not exist)">NRL PL-161</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NRL_PL-162&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NRL PL-162 (page does not exist)">NRL PL-162</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NRL_PL-163&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NRL PL-163 (page does not exist)">NRL PL-163</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NRL_PL-164&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NRL PL-164 (page does not exist)">NRL PL-164</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NRL_PL-176&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NRL PL-176 (page does not exist)">NRL PL-176</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timation_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timation 2 (page does not exist)">Timation 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tempsat_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tempsat 2 (page does not exist)">Tempsat 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOICAL_Cone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SOICAL Cone (page does not exist)">SOICAL Cone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SOICAL_Cylinder&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SOICAL Cylinder (page does not exist)">SOICAL Cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ESRO-1B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ESRO-1B (page does not exist)">ESRO-1B</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteor-1_No.15&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteor-1 No.15 (page does not exist)">Meteor-1 No.15</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_6" title="Soyuz 6">Soyuz 6</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7" title="Soyuz 7">Soyuz 7</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_8" title="Soyuz 8">Soyuz 8</a></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interkosmos_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interkosmos 1 (page does not exist)">Interkosmos 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_302&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 302 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 302</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_303" title="Kosmos 303">Kosmos 303</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_304&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 304 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 304</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_305" title="Kosmos 305">Kosmos 305</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_306&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 306 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 306</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_307" title="Kosmos 307">Kosmos 307</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_8455&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 8455 (page does not exist)">OPS 8455</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_308" title="Kosmos 308">Kosmos 308</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azur_(satellite)" title="Azur (satellite)">Azur</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_309&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 309 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 309</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">Apollo 12</a></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_310&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 310 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 310</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skynet_1A" class="mw-redirect" title="Skynet 1A">Skynet 1A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_311" title="Kosmos 311">Kosmos 311</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_312&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 312 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 312</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soyuz_7K-L1e_No.1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soyuz 7K-L1e No.1 (page does not exist)">7K-L1e No.1</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_313&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 313 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 313</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OPS_6617&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OPS 6617 (page does not exist)">OPS 6617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_314" title="Kosmos 314">Kosmos 314</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_315&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 315 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 315</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_316&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 316 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 316</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_317&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 317 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 317</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interkosmos_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interkosmos 2 (page does not exist)">Interkosmos 2</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=December_1969_Kosmos-3M_launch_failure&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="December 1969 Kosmos-3M launch failure (page does not exist)">Unnamed</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in <u>underline</u>. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in <i>italics</i>. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="NASA578" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:NASA_space_program" title="Template:NASA space program"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:NASA_space_program" title="Template talk:NASA space program"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:NASA_space_program" title="Special:EditPage/Template:NASA space program"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="NASA578" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Space policy of the United States">Policy</a> and history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">History<br />(<a href="/wiki/Creation_of_NASA" title="Creation of NASA">creation</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">NACA</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aeronautics_and_Space_Act" title="National Aeronautics and Space Act">National Aeronautics and Space Act</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Task_Group" title="Space Task Group">Space Task Group</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_O._Paine#National_Commission_on_Space" title="Thomas O. Paine">Paine</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Commission_Report" title="Rogers Commission Report">Rogers</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ride_Report" title="Ride Report">Ride</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Exploration_Initiative" title="Space Exploration Initiative">Space Exploration Initiative</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_Committee" title="Augustine Committee">Augustine</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_United_States#Clinton_administration" title="Space policy of the United States">U.S. National Space Policy</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_on_the_Future_of_the_United_States_Aerospace_Industry" title="Commission on the Future of the United States Aerospace Industry">CFUSAI</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Accident_Investigation_Board" title="Columbia Accident Investigation Board">CAIB</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vision_for_Space_Exploration" title="Vision for Space Exploration">Vision for Space Exploration</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Commission_on_Implementation_of_United_States_Space_Exploration_Policy" title="President's Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy">Aldridge</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Review_of_United_States_Human_Space_Flight_Plans_Committee" title="Review of United States Human Space Flight Plans Committee">Augustine</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrators_and_deputy_administrators_of_NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="List of administrators and deputy administrators of NASA">Administrator and Deputy Administrator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Chief_Scientist" title="NASA Chief Scientist">Chief Scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Astronaut_Corps" title="NASA Astronaut Corps">Astronaut Corps</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Ranks and positions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_Astronaut_Office" title="Chief of the Astronaut Office">Chief</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_NASA" title="Budget of NASA">Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_research" title="NASA research">NASA research</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA_spinoff_technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA spinoff technologies">spinoff technologies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA%2B" title="NASA+">NASA+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_TV" title="NASA TV">NASA TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Social" title="NASA Social">NASA Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_Services_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Launch Services Program">Launch Services Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury_Control_Center" title="Mercury Control Center">Mercury Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manned_Space_Flight_Network" title="Manned Space Flight Network">Manned Space Flight Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center" title="Kennedy Space Center">Kennedy Space Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_Assembly_Building" title="Vehicle Assembly Building">Vehicle Assembly Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_39" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39">Launch Complex 39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Space_Center_Launch_Complex_48" title="Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 48">Launch Complex 48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Launch_Control_Center" title="Launch Control Center">Launch Control Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_and_Checkout_Building" title="Operations and Checkout Building">Operations and Checkout Building</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnson_Space_Center" title="Johnson Space Center">Johnson Space Center</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center" title="Christopher C. Kraft Jr. Mission Control Center">Mission Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Sample_Laboratory_Facility" title="Lunar Sample Laboratory Facility">Lunar Sample Laboratory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Mission_Directorate" title="Science Mission Directorate">Science Mission Directorate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">Human spaceflight</a><br />programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_X-15" title="North American X-15">X-15</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sub-orbital_spaceflight" title="Sub-orbital spaceflight">suborbital</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Mercury" title="Project Mercury">Mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Gemini" title="Project Gemini">Gemini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylab" title="Skylab">Skylab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Apollo–Soyuz</a> (with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet space program</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_program" title="Space Shuttle program">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle%E2%80%93Mir_program" title="Shuttle–Mir program">Shuttle–<i>Mir</i></a> (with <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constellation_program" title="Constellation program">Constellation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station_programme" title="International Space Station programme">International Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Orbital_Transportation_Services" title="Commercial Orbital Transportation Services">Commercial Orbital Transportation Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Crew_Program" title="Commercial Crew Program">Commercial Crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orion_(spacecraft)" title="Orion (spacecraft)">Orion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Robotic_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Robotic spacecraft">Robotic</a> programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hitchhiker_Program" title="Hitchhiker Program">Hitchhiker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_program" title="Mariner program">Mariner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_Mark_II" title="Mariner Mark II">Mariner Mark II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MESUR" title="MESUR">MESUR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Surveyor_%2798" title="Mars Surveyor '98">Mars Surveyor '98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Millennium_Program" title="New Millennium Program">New Millennium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">Lunar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Observer_program" title="Planetary Observer program">Planetary Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viking_program" title="Viking program">Viking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Prometheus" title="Project Prometheus">Project Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Program" title="Mars Exploration Program">Mars Exploration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Living_With_a_Star" title="Living With a Star">Living With a Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program" title="Lunar Precursor Robotic Program">Lunar Precursor Robotic Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Observing_System" title="Earth Observing System">Earth Observing System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Observatories_program" title="Great Observatories program">Great Observatories program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorers_Program" title="Explorers Program">Explorers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_program" title="Voyager program">Voyager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_Program" title="Discovery Program">Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Frontiers_program" title="New Frontiers program">New Frontiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Terrestrial_Probes_program" title="Solar Terrestrial Probes program">Solar Terrestrial Probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">Commercial Lunar Payload Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Innovative_Missions_for_Planetary_Exploration" title="Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration">SIMPLEx</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Individual featured<br /> <a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_missions" title="List of NASA missions">missions</a><br />(human and robotic)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Background_Explorer" title="Cosmic Background Explorer">COBE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Redstone_3" title="Mercury-Redstone 3">Mercury 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercury-Atlas_6" title="Mercury-Atlas 6">Mercury-Atlas 6</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magellan_(spacecraft)" title="Magellan (spacecraft)">Magellan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_10" title="Pioneer 10">Pioneer 10</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_11" title="Pioneer 11">Pioneer 11</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_project" title="Galileo project"><i>Galileo</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Galileo_(spacecraft)" title="Timeline of Galileo (spacecraft)">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GALEX" title="GALEX">GALEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle" title="Space Shuttle">Space Shuttle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_(rover)" title="Sojourner (rover)"><i>Sojourner</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)"><i>Spirit</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LADEE" title="LADEE">LADEE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MESSENGER" title="MESSENGER">MESSENGER</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquarius_(SAC-D_instrument)" title="Aquarius (SAC-D instrument)">Aquarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassini%E2%80%93Huygens" title="Cassini–Huygens"><i>Cassini</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawn_(spacecraft)" title="Dawn (spacecraft)"><i>Dawn</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kepler_space_telescope" title="Kepler space telescope">Kepler space telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)"><i>Opportunity</i> rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Opportunity" title="Timeline of Opportunity">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surface_features_of_Mars_visited_by_Spirit_and_Opportunity" title="List of surface features of Mars visited by Spirit and Opportunity">observed</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramaty_High_Energy_Solar_Spectroscopic_Imager" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager">RHESSI</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/InSight" title="InSight">InSight</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingenuity_(helicopter)" title="Ingenuity (helicopter)"><i>Ingenuity</i> helicopter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ingenuity_flights" title="List of Ingenuity flights">flights</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Currently<br />operating</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter">Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2001_Mars_Odyssey" title="2001 Mars Odyssey">2001 Mars Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/New_Horizons" title="New Horizons">New Horizons</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gehrels_Swift_Observatory" title="Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory"><i>Swift</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THEMIS" title="THEMIS">THEMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Exploration_Rover" title="Mars Exploration Rover">Mars Exploration Rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curiosity_(rover)" title="Curiosity (rover)"><i>Curiosity</i> rover</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_14" title="GOES 14">GOES 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOES_15" title="GOES 15">GOES 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Allen_Probes" title="Van Allen Probes">Van Allen Probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Dynamics_Observatory" title="Solar Dynamics Observatory">Solar Dynamics Observatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juno_(spacecraft)" title="Juno (spacecraft)"><i>Juno</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Mars Science Laboratory">Mars Science Laboratory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_Science_Laboratory" title="Timeline of Mars Science Laboratory">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuSTAR" title="NuSTAR">NuSTAR</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_1" title="Voyager 1">Voyager 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Voyager_2" title="Voyager 2">Voyager 2</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-field_Infrared_Survey_Explorer" title="Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer">WISE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAVEN" title="MAVEN">MAVEN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetospheric_Multiscale_Mission" title="Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission">MMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSIRIS-REx" title="OSIRIS-REx">OSIRIS-REx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_2020" title="Mars 2020">Mars 2020</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Perseverance_(rover)" title="Perseverance (rover)"><i>Perseverance</i> rover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mars_2020" title="Timeline of Mars 2020">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="Timeline of the James Webb Space Telescope">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plankton,_Aerosol,_Cloud,_ocean_Ecosystem" title="Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem">PACE</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europa_Clipper" title="Europa Clipper">Europa Clipper</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Future</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NISAR_(satellite)" title="NISAR (satellite)">NISAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Grace_Roman_Space_Telescope" title="Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope">Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DAVINCI" title="DAVINCI">DAVINCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VERITAS_(spacecraft)" title="VERITAS (spacecraft)">VERITAS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_Communications_and_Navigation_Program" title="Space Communications and Navigation Program">Communications<br />and navigation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near_Earth_Network" title="Near Earth Network">Near Earth Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Network" title="Space Network">Space Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_Deep_Space_Network" title="NASA Deep Space Network">Deep Space Network</a> (<a href="/wiki/Goldstone_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex">Goldstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrid_Deep_Space_Communications_Complex" title="Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex">Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canberra_Deep_Space_Communication_Complex" title="Canberra Deep Space Communication Complex">Canberra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Flight_Operations_Facility" title="Space Flight Operations Facility">Space Flight Operations Facility</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Space_Atomic_Clock" title="Deep Space Atomic Clock">Deep Space Atomic Clock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">NASA lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">Astronauts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_name" title="List of astronauts by name">by name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_astronauts_by_year_of_selection" title="List of astronauts by year of selection">by year</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Gemini_astronauts" title="List of Gemini astronauts">Gemini astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">Apollo astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_crews" title="List of Space Shuttle crews">Space Shuttle crews</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_aircraft" title="List of NASA aircraft">NASA aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_missions" title="List of NASA missions">NASA missions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_uncrewed_NASA_missions" title="List of uncrewed NASA missions">uncrewed missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_missions" title="List of Apollo missions">Apollo missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Space_Shuttle_missions" title="List of Space Shuttle missions">Space Shuttle missions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rockets_of_the_United_States" title="List of rockets of the United States">United States rockets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_cancellations" title="List of NASA cancellations">NASA cancellations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_NASA_cameras_on_spacecraft" title="List of NASA cameras on spacecraft">NASA cameras on spacecraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">NASA images<br />and artwork</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Earthrise" title="Earthrise">Earthrise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Marble" title="The Blue Marble">The Blue Marble</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Family_Portrait_(Voyager)" title="Family Portrait (Voyager)">Family Portrait</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pale_Blue_Dot" title="Pale Blue Dot">Pale Blue Dot</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pillars_of_Creation" title="Pillars of Creation">Pillars of Creation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystic_Mountain" title="Mystic Mountain">Mystic Mountain</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Portrait_(MESSENGER)" title="Family Portrait (MESSENGER)"><i>Solar System Family Portrait</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Day_the_Earth_Smiled" title="The Day the Earth Smiled">The Day the Earth Smiled</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fallen_Astronaut" title="Fallen Astronaut">Fallen Astronaut</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deep_fields" title="List of deep fields">Deep fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_plaque" title="Lunar plaque">Lunar plaques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_plaque" title="Pioneer plaque">Pioneer plaques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voyager_Golden_Record" title="Voyager Golden Record">Voyager Golden Record</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_goodwill_messages" title="Apollo 11 goodwill messages">Apollo 11 goodwill messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_insignia" title="NASA insignia">NASA insignia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_space-flown_Gemini_and_Apollo_medallions" title="NASA space-flown Gemini and Apollo medallions">Gemini and Apollo medallions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_patch" title="Mission patch">Mission patches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hubble_Space_Telescope_anniversary_images" title="List of Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images">Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/We_choose_to_go_to_the_Moon" title="We choose to go to the Moon">We choose to go to the Moon</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8_Genesis_reading" title="Apollo 8 Genesis reading">Apollo 8 Genesis reading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15_postal_covers_incident" title="Apollo 15 postal covers incident">Apollo 15 postal covers incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Mirror_Memorial" title="Space Mirror Memorial">Space Mirror Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Astronaut_Monument" title="The Astronaut Monument">The Astronaut Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_sample_displays" title="Lunar sample displays">Lunar sample displays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moon_rock" title="Moon rock">Moon rocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_and_missing_Moon_rocks" title="Stolen and missing Moon rocks">stolen or missing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Astronaut_Hall_of_Fame" title="United States Astronaut Hall of Fame">U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._space_exploration_history_on_U.S._stamps" title="U.S. space exploration history on U.S. stamps">Space program on U.S. stamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe,_Fi,_Fo,_Fum,_and_Phooey" title="Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey">Apollo 17 Moon mice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_tree" title="Moon tree">Moon tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkeys_and_apes_in_space#United_States" title="Monkeys and apes in space">Other primates in space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NASA_International_Space_Apps_Challenge" title="NASA International Space Apps Challenge">NASA International Space Apps Challenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronauts_Day" title="Astronauts Day">Astronauts Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Astronaut_Day" title="National Astronaut Day">National Astronaut Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikon_NASA_F4" title="Nikon NASA F4">Nikon NASA F4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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