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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pershing_Square,_Manhattan&params=40_45_07.6_N_73_58_39.6_W_scale:10000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°45′07.6″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°58′39.6″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.752111°N 73.977667°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.752111; -73.977667</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Plaza in Manhattan, New York</div> <p> <span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pershing_Square,_Manhattan&params=40_45_07.6_N_73_58_39.6_W_scale:10000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°45′07.6″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°58′39.6″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.752111°N 73.977667°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.752111; -73.977667</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Park_Avenue_Viaduct_Pershing_Square_from_west.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Park_Avenue_Viaduct_Pershing_Square_from_west.jpg/300px-Park_Avenue_Viaduct_Pershing_Square_from_west.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Park_Avenue_Viaduct_Pershing_Square_from_west.jpg/450px-Park_Avenue_Viaduct_Pershing_Square_from_west.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Park_Avenue_Viaduct_Pershing_Square_from_west.jpg/600px-Park_Avenue_Viaduct_Pershing_Square_from_west.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3219" data-file-height="2082" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_Viaduct" title="Park Avenue Viaduct">Park Avenue Viaduct</a> over <a href="/wiki/42nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="42nd Street (Manhattan)">42nd Street</a>, under which is Pershing Square; the green sign in the center of the bridge says "Pershing Square". <a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Grand Central Terminal">Grand Central Terminal</a> is on the center and left.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pershing_Square.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pershing_Square.jpg/300px-Pershing_Square.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pershing_Square.jpg/450px-Pershing_Square.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Pershing_Square.jpg/600px-Pershing_Square.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="809" /></a><figcaption>Pershing Square as originally proposed in 1919, showing (from L) a never-built replacement for the <a href="/wiki/Murray_Hill_Hotel_(Park_Avenue)" class="mw-redirect" title="Murray Hill Hotel (Park Avenue)">Murray Hill Hotel</a>, the Belmont Hotel, the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Manhattan" title="Hotel Manhattan">Hotel Manhattan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Biltmore_Hotel" title="New York Biltmore Hotel">Biltmore Hotel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Grand Central Terminal">Grand Central Terminal</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Hyatt_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Hyatt New York">Hotel Commodore</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Pershing Square</b> is a public plaza in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, located where <a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue" title="Park Avenue">Park Avenue</a> and <a href="/wiki/42nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="42nd Street (Manhattan)">42nd Street</a> intersect in front of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Grand Central Terminal">Grand Central Terminal</a>. The main roadway of Park Avenue crosses over 42nd Street on the <a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_Viaduct" title="Park Avenue Viaduct">Park Avenue Viaduct</a>, also known as the Pershing Square Viaduct. Two <a href="/wiki/Frontage_road" title="Frontage road">service roads</a>, one northbound and one southbound, connect 42nd Street with the main roadway of Park Avenue, at 40th Street. </p><p>Pershing Square was named after <a href="/wiki/John_J._Pershing" title="John J. Pershing">John J. Pershing</a> in 1919. The name was originally supposed to apply to the block bounded by Park Avenue, <a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue" title="Lexington Avenue">Lexington Avenue</a>, 41st Street, and 42nd Street. Three buildings were ultimately developed on the block in the 1920s: the <a href="/wiki/Pershing_Square_Building" title="Pershing Square Building">Pershing Square Building</a>, <a href="/wiki/110_East_42nd_Street" title="110 East 42nd Street">110 East 42nd Street</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Chanin_Building" title="Chanin Building">Chanin Building</a>. Subsequently, the name applied to the service roads of the Park Avenue Viaduct. A tourist information center under the viaduct, at Pershing Square, was built in 1939; it was later reconfigured to be a store and then a restaurant. The service roads between 42nd and 41st Streets were converted into a pedestrian public plaza in 2018. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pershing_Square,_Manhattan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The square is named after <a href="/wiki/John_J._Pershing" title="John J. Pershing">General John J. Pershing</a>, and was originally intended to be an open plaza in Pershing's honor occupying the entire block between 41st Street, <a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue" title="Park Avenue">Park Avenue</a>, <a href="/wiki/42nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="42nd Street (Manhattan)">42nd Street</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue" title="Lexington Avenue">Lexington Avenue</a>. Until 1885, Steuben Street—named for <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">Revolutionary War</a> general <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Wilhelm_von_Steuben" title="Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben">Baron von Steuben</a>—ran diagonally across the block. The Grand Union Hotel was built on the northwestern corner of the block in 1883.<sup id="cite_ref-NYCL_(1980)_p._4_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCL_(1980)_p._4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eastern part of the block contained the Manhattan Storage Warehouse, which was built in 1882.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hotel was condemned via <a href="/wiki/Eminent_domain" title="Eminent domain">eminent domain</a> in 1914, and it was subsequently demolished to make way for the construction of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Grand_Central%E2%80%9342nd_Street_station" title="Grand Central–42nd Street station">Grand Central–42nd Street station</a>, which ran diagonally below the site.<sup id="cite_ref-NYCL_(1980)_p._4_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCL_(1980)_p._4-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shortly after the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_Viaduct" title="Park Avenue Viaduct">Park Avenue Viaduct</a> in 1919, the area at the bottom of the viaduct was renamed for Pershing.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The former Grand Union Hotel space was proposed for use as an open plaza<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a three-story memorial called "Victory Hall".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The idea of a victory hall was opposed by <a href="/wiki/Fiorello_H._La_Guardia" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiorello H. La Guardia">Fiorello H. La Guardia</a>, president of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Board_of_Aldermen" title="New York City Board of Aldermen">New York City Board of Aldermen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Transit Commission attempted to sell the building site in May 1920 for $2.8 million (equal to $32.3 million in 2023),<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but no one placed a bid.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 1920, a realty consortium headed by investor Henry Mandel bought the Grand Union site.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mandel gave the <a href="/wiki/Bowery_Savings_Bank" title="Bowery Savings Bank">Bowery Savings Bank</a> the center part of the Pershing Square block, which would be developed into an office building at <a href="/wiki/110_East_42nd_Street" title="110 East 42nd Street">110 East 42nd Street</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NYCL_p._7_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCL_p._7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> completed in 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BDE-Open-1923_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BDE-Open-1923-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The western part of the site became the <a href="/wiki/Pershing_Square_Building" title="Pershing Square Building">Pershing Square Building</a>, also completed in 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The eastern part, which contained the storage warehouse, was redeveloped into the <a href="/wiki/Chanin_Building" title="Chanin Building">Chanin Building</a>, which opened in 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "Pershing Square" name subsequently applied to the service roads of the Park Avenue Viaduct between 40th and 42nd streets.<sup id="cite_ref-NYCL_(1980)_p._5_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCL_(1980)_p._5-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viaduct_space_and_closure_to_traffic">Viaduct space and closure to traffic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pershing_Square,_Manhattan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Viaduct space and closure to traffic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The space under the viaduct between 41st and 42nd streets was originally used as a trolley barn.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1938, the city announced that it would build a tourist information center within that space in advance of the <a href="/wiki/1939_New_York_World%27s_Fair" title="1939 New York World's Fair">1939 New York World's Fair</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city subsequently built a steel and glass-brick structure under the center arch of the viaduct.<sup id="cite_ref-NPS_p._4_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS_p._4-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYCL_(1980)_p._6_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCL_(1980)_p._6-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The structure, located at 90 East 42nd Street,<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> opened in December 1939 and was initially used to provide tourist information.<sup id="cite_ref-fednyc2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fednyc2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the space was used by <a href="/wiki/United_Service_Organizations" title="United Service Organizations">United Service Organizations</a>, and after the war, became an outpost of the New York Convention and Visitors Bureau.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building had become an unemployment office by the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-NPS_p._4_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NPS_p._4-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYCL_(1980)_p._6_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCL_(1980)_p._6-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As early as 1987, the Grand Central Partnership had proposed closing the western leg of Pershing Square, which was lightly used.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunlap_2013_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunlap_2013-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two years later, the partnership proposed turning the space under the viaduct, at the time a discount store, into a restaurant. Pershing Square would also be closed to traffic between 41st and 42nd streets.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, the space was occupied by discount retailer North Pole Stores, which relocated elsewhere in March 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Grand Central Partnership decided to go forward with the restaurant-conversion project in 1993. However, the project had experienced difficulties because <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_5" title="Manhattan Community Board 5">Manhattan Community Board 5</a> was opposed to the partnership's plan to close the adjacent block of Park Avenue, and the city had requested that the project undergo a lengthy <a href="/wiki/Zoning" title="Zoning">zoning</a> procedure called the <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Land_Use_Review_Procedure" title="Uniform Land Use Review Procedure">Uniform Land Use Review Procedure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The community board opposed the closure because, between <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Seventh Avenue (Manhattan)">Seventh Avenue</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Second Avenue (Manhattan)">Second Avenue</a>, the only opportunity for eastbound traffic on 42nd Street to make a right turn was at Park Avenue.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By mid-1995, the section of Park Avenue between 41st and 42nd streets was closed to traffic every weekday between 11 a.m. and 3 p.m., and office workers began eating lunch there.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 1995, the city and the Grand Central Partnership unveiled plans to spend $2 million restoring the space under the viaduct and leasing it as a restaurant, as well as closing part of Pershing Square.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pershing Square Cafe signed a lease at the space in 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The operator of the renovated space, Michael O'Keeffe, placed so much attention to the renovation of the space that the project's costs increased to $5 million, and the cafe's opening date was pushed back by several months. The details in the cafe included slot-headed screws, the only ones available when the viaduct was built; chairs and electric cords imported from Paris, and a hand-rubbed paint scheme. The entrance of the cafe was placed at 42nd Street, while the kitchen was located near the 41st Street section of the viaduct.<sup id="cite_ref-jn199908153_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jn199908153-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_5" title="Manhattan Community Board 5">Manhattan Community Board 5</a> recommended in 2009 that the service roads between 41st and 42nd streets be closed and turned into a public pedestrian plaza.<sup id="cite_ref-Manhattan_Community_Board_Five_2020_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manhattan_Community_Board_Five_2020-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Design_and_Construction" title="New York City Department of Design and Construction">New York City Department of Design and Construction</a> (DDC) announced in 2013 that it would spend $2 million to permanently close the western roadway (which carried southbound traffic) and convert it into a plaza with asphalt-and-concrete blocks, a <a href="/wiki/Rain_garden" title="Rain garden">rain garden</a>, and terraces. The project would be designed by Quennell Rothschild & Partners.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunlap_2013_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunlap_2013-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project commenced in 2018<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the western plaza opened in May 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-Davenport_2021_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davenport_2021-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The DDC began converting the eastern roadway into a plaza in December 2021; at the time, the project was to be completed in October 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Murray_Hill_Neighborhood_Association,_New_York_City,_New_York_2023_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Murray_Hill_Neighborhood_Association,_New_York_City,_New_York_2023-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pershing_Square,_Manhattan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_restaurants_in_New_York_City" title="List of restaurants in New York City">List of restaurants in New York City</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pershing_Square,_Manhattan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NYCL_(1980)_p._4-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_(1980)_p._4_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_(1980)_p._4_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLandmarks_Preservation_Commission1980">Landmarks Preservation Commission 1980</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1927/06/22/archives/chanins-will-build-12000000-tower-52story-office-building-will-rise.html">"Chanins Will Build $12,000,000 Tower; 52-Story Office Building Will Rise in Lexington Avenue, Between 41st and 42d"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. June 22, 1927. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200228030317/https://www.nytimes.com/1927/06/22/archives/chanins-will-build-12000000-tower-52story-office-building-will-rise.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 28, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Chanins+Will+Build+%2412%2C000%2C000+Tower%3B+52-Story+Office+Building+Will+Rise+in+Lexington+Avenue%2C+Between+41st+and+42d&rft.date=1927-06-22&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1927%2F06%2F22%2Farchives%2Fchanins-will-build-12000000-tower-52story-office-building-will-rise.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031148_053_45.pdf">"The Passing of Old Hotels"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide</i>. Vol. 93, no. 2407. May 5, 1914. p. 818. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191020000103/https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031148_053_45.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 20, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">columbia.edu</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Real+Estate+Record%3A+Real+Estate+Record+and+Builders%27+Guide&rft.atitle=The+Passing+of+Old+Hotels&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=2407&rft.pages=818&rft.date=1914-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frerecord.library.columbia.edu%2Fpdf_files%2Fldpd_7031148_053_45.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1918/12/03/archives/name-street-for-pershing-space-in-front-of-grand-central-becomes.html">"Name Street For Pershing; Space in Front of Grand Central Becomes Pershing Square"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. December 3, 1918. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191020001550/https://www.nytimes.com/1918/12/03/archives/name-street-for-pershing-space-in-front-of-grand-central-becomes.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Name+Street+For+Pershing%3B+Space+in+Front+of+Grand+Central+Becomes+Pershing+Square.&rft.date=1918-12-03&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1918%2F12%2F03%2Farchives%2Fname-street-for-pershing-space-in-front-of-grand-central-becomes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1919/02/09/archives/plan-to-create-new-public-square-on-east-fortysecond-street.html">"Plan To Create New Public Square On East Forty-second Street"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. February 9, 1919. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191020001548/https://www.nytimes.com/1919/02/09/archives/plan-to-create-new-public-square-on-east-fortysecond-street.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Plan+To+Create+New+Public+Square+On+East+Forty-second+Street&rft.date=1919-02-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1919%2F02%2F09%2Farchives%2Fplan-to-create-new-public-square-on-east-fortysecond-street.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1919/06/13/archives/plans-for-victory-hall-board-of-estimate-to-consider-proposed.html">"Plans for Victory Hall; Board of Estimate to Consider Proposed Pershing Square Building"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. June 13, 1919. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191020001546/https://www.nytimes.com/1919/06/13/archives/plans-for-victory-hall-board-of-estimate-to-consider-proposed.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Plans+for+Victory+Hall%3B+Board+of+Estimate+to+Consider+Proposed+Pershing+Square+Building.&rft.date=1919-06-13&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1919%2F06%2F13%2Farchives%2Fplans-for-victory-hall-board-of-estimate-to-consider-proposed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1920/02/10/archives/assails-victory-hall-plan-laguardia-opposes-proposed-site-in.html">"Assails Victory Hall Plan; LaGuardia Opposes Proposed Site in Pershing Square"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. February 10, 1920. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191020001548/https://www.nytimes.com/1920/02/10/archives/assails-victory-hall-plan-laguardia-opposes-proposed-site-in.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Assails+Victory+Hall+Plan%3B+LaGuardia+Opposes+Proposed+Site+in+Pershing+Square.&rft.date=1920-02-10&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1920%2F02%2F10%2Farchives%2Fassails-victory-hall-plan-laguardia-opposes-proposed-site-in.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031148_065_47.pdf">"Grand Union Hotel Site To Be Sold at Auction This Week"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide</i>. Vol. 105, no. 21. May 22, 1920. p. 673 – via <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">columbia.edu</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Real+Estate+Record%3A+Real+Estate+Record+and+Builders%27+Guide&rft.atitle=Grand+Union+Hotel+Site+To+Be+Sold+at+Auction+This+Week&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=673&rft.date=1920-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frerecord.library.columbia.edu%2Fpdf_files%2Fldpd_7031148_065_47.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1920/05/27/archives/victory-hall-site-draws-no-buyers-upset-price-of-2800000-for-grand.html">"Victory Hall Site Draws No Buyers; Upset Price of $2,800,000 for Grand Union Hotel Plot, Costing City $4,221,000, Ignored"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. May 27, 1920. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191020022238/https://www.nytimes.com/1920/05/27/archives/victory-hall-site-draws-no-buyers-upset-price-of-2800000-for-grand.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Victory+Hall+Site+Draws+No+Buyers%3B+Upset+Price+of+%242%2C800%2C000+for+Grand+Union+Hotel+Plot%2C+Costing+City+%244%2C221%2C000%2C+Ignored&rft.date=1920-05-27&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1920%2F05%2F27%2Farchives%2Fvictory-hall-site-draws-no-buyers-upset-price-of-2800000-for-grand.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031148_065_48.pdf">"Grand Union Hotel Site Goes Begging at Auction Sale"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide</i>. Vol. 105, no. 22. May 29, 1920. p. 708. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191020022233/https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031148_065_48.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 20, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">columbia.edu</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Real+Estate+Record%3A+Real+Estate+Record+and+Builders%27+Guide&rft.atitle=Grand+Union+Hotel+Site+Goes+Begging+at+Auction+Sale&rft.volume=105&rft.issue=22&rft.pages=708&rft.date=1920-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frerecord.library.columbia.edu%2Fpdf_files%2Fldpd_7031148_065_48.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1920/07/21/archives/bids-2900000-for-grand-union-site-henry-mandel-offers-upset-city.html">"Bids $2,900,000 for Grand Union Site; Henry Mandel Offers Upset City Price for Valuable Pershing Square Plot"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. July 21, 1920. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191020022235/https://www.nytimes.com/1920/07/21/archives/bids-2900000-for-grand-union-site-henry-mandel-offers-upset-city.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Bids+%242%2C900%2C000+for+Grand+Union+Site%3B+Henry+Mandel+Offers+Upset+City+Price+for+Valuable+Pershing+Square+Plot&rft.date=1920-07-21&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1920%2F07%2F21%2Farchives%2Fbids-2900000-for-grand-union-site-henry-mandel-offers-upset-city.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031148_066_6.pdf">"Builders Buy Grand Union Site"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Real Estate Record: Real Estate Record and Builders' Guide</i>. Vol. 106, no. 6. August 7, 1920. p. 787. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191020022234/https://rerecord.library.columbia.edu/pdf_files/ldpd_7031148_066_6.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 20, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 11,</span> 2020</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University" title="Columbia University">columbia.edu</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Real+Estate+Record%3A+Real+Estate+Record+and+Builders%27+Guide&rft.atitle=Builders+Buy+Grand+Union+Site&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=787&rft.date=1920-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frerecord.library.columbia.edu%2Fpdf_files%2Fldpd_7031148_066_6.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCL_p._7-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_p._7_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2556.pdf">"Pershing Square Building"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission</a>. November 25, 2016. p. 7<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pershing+Square+Building&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=New+York+City+Landmarks+Preservation+Commission&rft.date=2016-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fs-media.nyc.gov%2Fagencies%2Flpc%2Flp%2F2556.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1923/06/24/archives/move-202000000-in-crowded-streets-train-of-armored-cars-machine.html">"Move $202,000,000 In Crowded Streets; Train of Armored Cars, Machine Guns Bristling, Transfers the Bowery Bank's Wealth"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. June 24, 1923. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191028193344/https://www.nytimes.com/1923/06/24/archives/move-202000000-in-crowded-streets-train-of-armored-cars-machine.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 28, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Move+%24202%2C000%2C000+In+Crowded+Streets%3B+Train+of+Armored+Cars%2C+Machine+Guns+Bristling%2C+Transfers+the+Bowery+Bank%27s+Wealth&rft.date=1923-06-24&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1923%2F06%2F24%2Farchives%2Fmove-202000000-in-crowded-streets-train-of-armored-cars-machine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BDE-Open-1923-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BDE-Open-1923_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bklyn.newspapers.com/clip/38056567/">"Bowery Savings Opens New Home"</a>. <i>Brooklyn Daily Eagle</i>. June 22, 1923. p. 22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2019</span> – via Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brooklyn+Daily+Eagle&rft.atitle=Bowery+Savings+Opens+New+Home&rft.pages=22&rft.date=1923-06-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbklyn.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F38056567%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:7_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeward1924" class="citation news cs1">Seward, Anne (June 22, 1924). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1924/06/22/archives/banking-one-flight-up-new-city-business-feature.html">"Banking, One Flight up, New City Business Feature"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191027161107/https://www.nytimes.com/1924/06/22/archives/banking-one-flight-up-new-city-business-feature.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 27, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Banking%2C+One+Flight+up%2C+New+City+Business+Feature&rft.date=1924-06-22&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Seward&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1924%2F06%2F22%2Farchives%2Fbanking-one-flight-up-new-city-business-feature.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1929/01/30/archives/walker-at-opening-of-chanin-building-other-officials-visit-tallest.html">"Walker at Opening of Chanin Building; Other Officials Visit Tallest Skyscraper in the Midtown Section"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. January 30, 1929. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200228030319/https://www.nytimes.com/1929/01/30/archives/walker-at-opening-of-chanin-building-other-officials-visit-tallest.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 28, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Walker+at+Opening+of+Chanin+Building%3B+Other+Officials+Visit+Tallest+Skyscraper+in+the+Midtown+Section&rft.date=1929-01-30&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1929%2F01%2F30%2Farchives%2Fwalker-at-opening-of-chanin-building-other-officials-visit-tallest.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCL_(1980)_p._5-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYCL_(1980)_p._5_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLandmarks_Preservation_Commission1980">Landmarks Preservation Commission 1980</a>, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin1995" class="citation news cs1">Martin, Douglas (November 16, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/16/nyregion/plan-for-pershing-square-would-yield-new-park.html">"Plan for Pershing Square Would Yield New Park"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Plan+for+Pershing+Square+Would+Yield+New+Park&rft.date=1995-11-16&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F11%2F16%2Fnyregion%2Fplan-for-pershing-square-would-yield-new-park.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52980935/">"Information Aid for World's Fair"</a>. <i>New York Daily News</i>. December 19, 1938. p. 279<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2020</span> – via newspapers.com <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Information+Aid+for+World%27s+Fair&rft.pages=279&rft.date=1938-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F52980935%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NPS_p._4-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NPS_p._4_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NPS_p._4_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://s3.amazonaws.com/NARAprodstorage/lz/electronic-records/rg-079/NPS_NY/83001726.pdf">"Historic Structures Report: Park Avenue Viaduct"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 7,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Al+Fresco+Dining+Facing+Grand+Central%3F&rft.date=1993-08-22&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Slatin&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1993%2F08%2F22%2Frealestate%2Fal-fresco-dining-facing-grand-central.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dunlap_2013-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dunlap_2013_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dunlap_2013_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunlap2013" class="citation web cs1">Dunlap, David W. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Plan+for+Pershing+Square+Would+Yield+New+Park&rft.date=1995-11-16&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F11%2F16%2Fnyregion%2Fplan-for-pershing-square-would-yield-new-park.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothstein1997" class="citation news cs1">Rothstein, Mervyn (May 14, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/14/nyregion/restaurant-to-fill-niche-under-park-ave-viaduct.html">"Restaurant to Fill Niche Under Park Ave. Viaduct"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 6,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Restaurant+to+Fill+Niche+Under+Park+Ave.+Viaduct&rft.date=1997-05-14&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Rothstein&rft.aufirst=Mervyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1997%2F05%2F14%2Fnyregion%2Frestaurant-to-fill-niche-under-park-ave-viaduct.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jn199908153-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jn199908153_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarner1999" class="citation news cs1">Varner, Bill (August 15, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52980219/">"Cafe to call attention to Pershing Square"</a>. <i>The Journal-News</i>. p. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2020</span> – via newspapers.com <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal-News&rft.atitle=Cafe+to+call+attention+to+Pershing+Square&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1999-08-15&rft.aulast=Varner&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F52980219%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manhattan_Community_Board_Five_2020-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Manhattan_Community_Board_Five_2020_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cb5.org/cb5m/resolutions/2020-february/resolution_115e5034d307a38/">"Planned capital improvements at the Pershing Square East plaza on Park Avenue between 41st and 42nd Streets"</a>. <i>Manhattan Community Board Five</i>. February 13, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 13,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Manhattan+Community+Board+Five&rft.atitle=Planned+capital+improvements+at+the+Pershing+Square+East+plaza+on+Park+Avenue+between+41st+and+42nd+Streets&rft.date=2020-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cb5.org%2Fcb5m%2Fresolutions%2F2020-february%2Fresolution_115e5034d307a38%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarerkar2018" class="citation web cs1">Warerkar, Tanay (February 16, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ny.curbed.com/2018/2/16/17020862/pedestrian-plaza-grand-central-midtown-east">"Busy block near Grand Central Terminal will transform into a pedestrian plaza"</a>. <i>Curbed NY</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Curbed+NY&rft.atitle=Busy+block+near+Grand+Central+Terminal+will+transform+into+a+pedestrian+plaza&rft.date=2018-02-16&rft.aulast=Warerkar&rft.aufirst=Tanay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fny.curbed.com%2F2018%2F2%2F16%2F17020862%2Fpedestrian-plaza-grand-central-midtown-east&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davenport_2021-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Davenport_2021_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavenport2021" class="citation web cs1">Davenport, Emily (April 15, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amny.com/news/three-new-sculptures-by-new-york-city-artist-installed-at-pershing-square-plaza/">"Three new sculptures by New York City artist installed at Pershing Square Plaza"</a>. <i>amNewYork</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=amNewYork&rft.atitle=Three+new+sculptures+by+New+York+City+artist+installed+at+Pershing+Square+Plaza&rft.date=2021-04-15&rft.aulast=Davenport&rft.aufirst=Emily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amny.com%2Fnews%2Fthree-new-sculptures-by-new-york-city-artist-installed-at-pershing-square-plaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Murray_Hill_Neighborhood_Association,_New_York_City,_New_York_2023-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Murray_Hill_Neighborhood_Association,_New_York_City,_New_York_2023_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.murrayhillnyc.org/common/news/articles/article-detail.cfm?QID=11845&clientID=11037&topicID=0">"Pershing Square Plaza East Reconstruction Project (HWPLZ015M)"</a>. <i>The Murray Hill Neighborhood Association</i>. May 13, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Murray+Hill+Neighborhood+Association&rft.atitle=Pershing+Square+Plaza+East+Reconstruction+Project+%28HWPLZ015M%29&rft.date=2023-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.murrayhillnyc.org%2Fcommon%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Farticle-detail.cfm%3FQID%3D11845%26clientID%3D11037%26topicID%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Sources</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandmarks_Preservation_Commission1980" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1127.pdf">"Park Avenue Viaduct"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission</a>. September 23, 1980.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Park+Avenue+Viaduct&rft.pub=New+York+City+Landmarks+Preservation+Commission&rft.date=1980-09-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fs-media.nyc.gov%2Fagencies%2Flpc%2Flp%2F1127.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APershing+Square%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pershing_Square,_Manhattan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Manhattan_streets" title="Template talk:Manhattan streets"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Manhattan_streets" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Manhattan streets"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Streets_of_Manhattan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Streets_in_Manhattan" title="Category:Streets in Manhattan">Streets</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioners%27_Plan_of_1811" title="Commissioners' Plan of 1811">Commissioners' Plan of 1811</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_eponymous_streets_in_New_York_City" title="List of eponymous streets in New York City">List of eponymous streets in New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan" title="List of numbered streets in Manhattan">List of numbered streets in Manhattan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North–south</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major avenues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="First Avenue (Manhattan)">1st Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Second Avenue (Manhattan)">2nd Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Avenue" title="Third Avenue">3rd Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue" title="Lexington Avenue">Lexington Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue" title="Park Avenue">Park Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Avenue" title="Madison Avenue">Madison Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">5th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Avenue" title="Sixth Avenue">6th Av (Av of the Americas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenox_Avenue" title="Lenox Avenue">Lenox Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Seventh Avenue (Manhattan)">7th Av (Fashion Av)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)">8th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Ninth Avenue (Manhattan)">9th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Tenth Avenue (Manhattan)">10th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eleventh Avenue (Manhattan)">11th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Highway" title="West Side Highway">12th Av</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Financial District, Manhattan">Financial District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Street_(Manhattan)" title="South Street (Manhattan)">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Pearl Street (Manhattan)">Pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Broad Street (Manhattan)">Broad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Street_(Manhattan)" title="William Street (Manhattan)">William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassau_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Nassau Street (Manhattan)">Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Alley" title="Theatre Alley">Theatre Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehall_Street" title="Whitehall Street">Whitehall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Canyon of Heroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Street_(Manhattan)" title="State Street (Manhattan)">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="West Street">West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lower_East_Side" title="Lower East Side">Lower East Side</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Street" title="Allen Street">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Street" title="Allen Street">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baxter_Street_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baxter Street (Manhattan)">Baxter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Market_Place" title="Centre Market Place">Centre Market Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowery" title="Bowery">Bowery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Centre Street (Manhattan)">Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Division Street (Manhattan)">Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrystie_Street" title="Chrystie Street">Chrystie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coenties_Slip" title="Coenties Slip">Coenties Slip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldridge_Street" title="Eldridge Street">Eldridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Elizabeth Street (Manhattan)">Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_Street" title="Essex Street">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forsyth_Street" title="Forsyth Street">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Street" title="Lafayette Street">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doyers_Street" title="Doyers Street">Doyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivington_Street" title="Rivington Street">Rivington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludlow_Street" title="Ludlow Street">Ludlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mott_Street" title="Mott Street">Mott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulberry_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Mulberry Street (Manhattan)">Mulberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchard_Street" title="Orchard Street">Orchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Row_(Manhattan)" title="Park Row (Manhattan)">Park Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Spring Street (Manhattan)">Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Cherry Street (Manhattan)">Cherry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lower_West_Side,_Manhattan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower West Side, Manhattan">Lower West Side</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cortlandt_Alley" title="Cortlandt Alley">Cortlandt Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Street_and_Trinity_Place" title="Church Street and Trinity Place">Trinity Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Street_and_Trinity_Place" title="Church Street and Trinity Place">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Street" title="Greenwich Street">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Hudson Street (Manhattan)">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jones_Street" title="Jones Street">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacDougal_Street" title="MacDougal Street">MacDougal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patchin_Place" title="Patchin Place">Patchin Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Street" title="Sullivan Street">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Gay Street (Manhattan)">Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thompson_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Thompson Street (Manhattan)">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varick_Street" title="Varick Street">Varick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Washington Street (Manhattan)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Broadway" title="West Broadway">W Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Broadway" title="West Broadway">LaGuardia Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weehawken_Street" title="Weehawken Street">Weehawken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Highway" title="West Side Highway">West Side Hwy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Bank Street (Manhattan)">Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Thirteenth Avenue (Manhattan)">13th Av</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Village,_Manhattan" title="East Village, Manhattan">East Village</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gramercy_Park" title="Gramercy Park">Gramercy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_D_(Manhattan)" title="Avenue D (Manhattan)">Ave D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_C_(Manhattan)" title="Avenue C (Manhattan)">Ave C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_B_(Manhattan)" title="Avenue B (Manhattan)">Ave B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_A_(Manhattan)" title="Avenue A (Manhattan)">Ave A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_A_(Manhattan)" title="Avenue A (Manhattan)">Asser Levy Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko_Place" title="Taras Shevchenko Place">Shevchenko Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue" title="Lexington Avenue">Irving Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue" title="Park Avenue">4th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue" title="Park Avenue">Union Square E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue" title="Park Avenue">Park Av S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Place_(Manhattan)" title="University Place (Manhattan)">University Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Place_(Manhattan)" title="University Place (Manhattan)">Union Square W</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beekman_Place" title="Beekman Place">Beekman Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_Avenue_and_Sutton_Place" title="York Avenue and Sutton Place">Sutton Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_Viaduct" title="Park Avenue Viaduct">Park Av Viaduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_Tunnel_(roadway)" title="Park Avenue Tunnel (roadway)">Park Av Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_Avenue" title="Vanderbilt Avenue">Vanderbilt Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockefeller Plaza">Rockefeller Plz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6%C2%BD_Avenue" title="6½ Avenue">6½ Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Great White Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shubert_Alley" title="Shubert Alley">Shubert Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyer_Avenue" title="Dyer Avenue">Dyer Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Boulevard" title="Hudson Boulevard">Hudson Blvd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Upper_East_Side" title="Upper East Side">Upper East</a> / <a href="/wiki/Upper_West_Side" title="Upper West Side">Upper West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_B_(Manhattan)" title="Avenue B (Manhattan)">East End Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_Avenue_and_Sutton_Place" title="York Avenue and Sutton Place">York Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">Museum Mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Drive_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="East Drive (Manhattan)">East Dr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_Drive_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Center Drive (Manhattan)">Center Dr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Drive_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="West Drive (Manhattan)">West Dr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)">Central Park W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Ninth Avenue (Manhattan)">Columbus Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Tenth Avenue (Manhattan)">Amsterdam Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eleventh Avenue (Manhattan)">West End Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Drive_(Manhattan)" title="Riverside Drive (Manhattan)">Riverside Dr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a> / <a href="/wiki/Washington_Heights,_Manhattan" title="Washington Heights, Manhattan">Wash. Hts.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pleasant_Avenue" title="Pleasant Avenue">Pleasant Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenox_Avenue" title="Lenox Avenue">Lenox Av (Malcolm X Blvd)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Seventh Avenue (Manhattan)">Powell Blvd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)">Douglass Blvd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morningside_Drive_(Manhattan)" title="Morningside Drive (Manhattan)">Morningside Dr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audubon_Avenue" title="Audubon Avenue">Audubon Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas_Avenue" title="St. Nicholas Avenue">St. Nicholas Av (Duarte Blvd)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Avenue" title="Claremont Avenue">Claremont Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Washington_Avenue" title="Fort Washington Avenue">Ft. Washington Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabrini_Boulevard" title="Cabrini Boulevard">Cabrini Blvd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvan_Place" title="Sylvan Place">Sylvan Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_F._Tiemann#Legacy" title="Daniel F. Tiemann">Tiemann Pl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East–west</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Financial District, Manhattan">Financial District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Bridge Street (Manhattan)">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Stone Street (Manhattan)">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketfield_Street" title="Marketfield Street">Marketfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Beaver Street (Manhattan)">Beaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_Place_(Manhattan)" title="Exchange Place (Manhattan)">Exchange Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albany_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Albany Street (Manhattan)">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Liberty Street (Manhattan)">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortlandt_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Cortlandt Street (Manhattan)">Cortlandt St/Wy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiden_Lane_(Manhattan)" title="Maiden Lane (Manhattan)">Maiden La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dey_Street" title="Dey Street">Dey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Fulton Street (Manhattan)">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesey_Street" title="Vesey Street">Vesey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Ann Street (Manhattan)">Ann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Downtown</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spruce_Street" title="Spruce Street">Spruce</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Street" title="Roosevelt Street">Roosevelt</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambers_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Chambers Street (Manhattan)">Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="East Broadway (Manhattan)">E Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Henry Street (Manhattan)">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Madison Street (Manhattan)">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Cherry Street (Manhattan)">Cherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worth_Street" title="Worth Street">Worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Moore_Street" title="North Moore Street">N Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broome_Street" title="Broome Street">Broome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Canal Street (Manhattan)">Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hester_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Hester Street (Manhattan)">Hester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Grand Street (Manhattan)">Grand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delancey_Street" title="Delancey Street">Delancey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanton_Street" title="Stanton Street">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Street" title="Houston Street">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandam_Street" title="Vandam Street">Vandam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleecker_Street" title="Bleecker Street">Bleecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Bond Street (Manhattan)">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Jones_Street" title="Great Jones Street">Great Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="4th Street (Manhattan)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waverly_Place" title="Waverly Place">Waverly Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waverly_Place" title="Waverly Place">Washington Square N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astor_Place" title="Astor Place">Astor Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Mews" title="Washington Mews">Washington Mews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuyvesant_Street" title="Stuyvesant Street">Stuyvesant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacDougal_Street" title="MacDougal Street">Macdougal Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Street_and_St._Mark%27s_Place" title="8th Street and St. Mark's Place">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Street_and_St._Mark%27s_Place" title="8th Street and St. Mark's Place">St. Mark's Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Avenue" title="Greenwich Avenue">Greenwich Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Street" title="Christopher Street">Christopher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Charles Street (Manhattan)">Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="14th Street (Manhattan)">14th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="23rd Street (Manhattan)">23rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="34th Street (Manhattan)">34th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="42nd Street (Manhattan)">42nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott_Way" title="George Abbott Way">45th (George Abbott Way)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="47th Street (Manhattan)">47th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="50th Street (Manhattan)">50th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_Street_(Manhattan)" title="51st Street (Manhattan)">51st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="52nd Street (Manhattan)">52nd (Swing Alley / St of Jazz)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53rd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="53rd Street (Manhattan)">53rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/54th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="54th Street (Manhattan)">54th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="55th Street (Manhattan)">55th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="57th Street (Manhattan)">57th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="59th Street (Manhattan)">59th (Central Park S)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Manhattan" title="Upper Manhattan">Uptown</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/66th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="66th Street (Manhattan)">66th / Peter Jennings Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="72nd Street (Manhattan)">72nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/74th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="74th Street (Manhattan)">74th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/79th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="79th Street (Manhattan)">79th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/85th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="85th Street (Manhattan)">85th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/86th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="86th Street (Manhattan)">86th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/89th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="89th Street (Manhattan)">89th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/93rd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="93rd Street (Manhattan)">93rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/95th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="95th Street (Manhattan)">95th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/96th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="96th Street (Manhattan)">96th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/110th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="110th Street (Manhattan)">110th (Cathedral Pkwy / Central Park N)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/116th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="116th Street (Manhattan)">116th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/125th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="125th Street (Manhattan)">125th (Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astor_Row" title="Astor Row">130th (Astor Row)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/132nd_Street_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="132nd Street (Manhattan)">132nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/133rd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="133rd Street (Manhattan)">133rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas_Historic_District" title="St. Nicholas Historic District">139th (Strivers' Row)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/145th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="145th Street (Manhattan)">145th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/155th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="155th Street (Manhattan)">155th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogardus_Place" title="Bogardus Place">Bogardus Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyckman_Street" title="Dyckman Street">Dyckman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_Lafayette" title="Plaza Lafayette">Plaza Lafayette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intersections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Circles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Circle" title="Columbus Circle">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington_Circle" title="Duke Ellington Circle">Duke Ellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass_Circle" title="Frederick Douglass Circle">Frederick Douglass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Squares</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chatham_Square" title="Chatham Square">Chatham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Square" title="Cooper Square">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duarte_Square" title="Duarte Square">Duarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duffy_Square" title="Duffy Square">Duffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foley_Square" title="Foley Square">Foley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramercy_Park" title="Gramercy Park">Gramercy Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_Plaza_(Manhattan)" title="Grand Army Plaza (Manhattan)">Grand Army Plz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_Square_(Manhattan)" title="Hanover Square (Manhattan)">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herald_Square" title="Herald Square">Herald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Park" title="St. John's Park">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Square_Park" title="Jackson Square Park">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Square,_Manhattan" title="Lincoln Square, Manhattan">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_and_Madison_Square_Park" title="Madison Square and Madison Square Park">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulry_Square" title="Mulry Square">Mulry</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pershing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrosino_Square" title="Petrosino Square">Petrosino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Square" title="Sherman Square">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuyvesant_Square" title="Stuyvesant Square">Stuyvesant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tompkins_Square_Park" title="Tompkins Square Park">Tompkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Square,_Manhattan" title="Union Square, Manhattan">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdi_Square" title="Verdi Square">Verdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Park" title="Washington Square Park">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuccotti_Park" title="Zuccotti Park">Zuccotti Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate streets no longer in existence.</li> <li>All entries are streets, circles, or squares unless otherwise noted</li> <li><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_address_algorithm" title="Manhattan address algorithm">Manhattan address algorithm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Grand_Central_Terminal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Template:Grand Central Terminal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Template talk:Grand Central Terminal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grand Central Terminal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Grand_Central_Terminal" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Grand Central Terminal">Grand Central Terminal</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agern" title="Agern">Agern</a> (closed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_Apartment" title="Campbell Apartment">Campbell Apartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Broadcast_Center" title="CBS Broadcast Center">CBS Broadcast Center</a> (closed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M42_(sub-basement)" title="M42 (sub-basement)">M42 sub-basement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Concourse" title="Main Concourse">Main Concourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jordan%27s_Steak_House" title="Michael Jordan's Steak House">Michael Jordan's Steak House</a> (closed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Transit_Museum" title="New York Transit Museum">New York Transit Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Oyster_Bar_%26_Restaurant" title="Grand Central Oyster Bar & Restaurant">Oyster Bar and Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_61_(New_York_City)" title="Track 61 (New York City)">Track 61</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Exterior of the terminal building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg/140px-Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg/210px-Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg/280px-Image-Grand_central_Station_Outside_Night_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4726" data-file-height="3805" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GCT_in_Blizzard_of_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Main Concourse, facing east" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/GCT_in_Blizzard_of_2015.jpg/140px-GCT_in_Blizzard_of_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/GCT_in_Blizzard_of_2015.jpg/210px-GCT_in_Blizzard_of_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/GCT_in_Blizzard_of_2015.jpg/280px-GCT_in_Blizzard_of_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1854" data-file-height="1261" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Connections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Madison" title="Grand Central Madison">LIRR terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central%E2%80%9342nd_Street_station" title="Grand Central–42nd Street station">Subway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_station_(IRT_42nd_Street_Branch)" title="Grand Central station (IRT 42nd Street Branch)">Elevated station</a> (former)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal_art" title="Grand Central Terminal art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Art_Galleries" title="Grand Central Art Galleries">Art Galleries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_School_of_Art" title="Grand Central School of Art">School of Art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Terminal_City_(Manhattan)" title="Terminal City (Manhattan)">Terminal City</a><br />and other nearby<br />buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/110_East_42nd_Street" title="110 East 42nd Street">110 East 42nd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/270_Park_Avenue_(1960%E2%80%932021)" title="270 Park Avenue (1960–2021)">270 Park Avenue (1960–2021)</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/270_Park_Avenue_(2021%E2%80%93present)" title="270 Park Avenue (2021–present)">270 Park Avenue (2021–present)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/277_Park_Avenue" title="277 Park Avenue">277 Park Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/383_Madison_Avenue" title="383 Madison Avenue">383 Madison Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/450_Lexington_Avenue" title="450 Lexington Avenue">450 Lexington Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanin_Building" title="Chanin Building">Chanin Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Building" title="Chrysler Building">Chrysler Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Palace" title="Grand Central Palace">Grand Central Palace</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graybar_Building" title="Graybar Building">Graybar Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmsley_Building" title="Helmsley Building">Helmsley Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Marguery" title="Hotel Marguery">Hotel Marguery</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyatt_Grand_Central_New_York" title="Hyatt Grand Central New York">Hyatt Grand Central New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InterContinental_New_York_Barclay_Hotel" title="InterContinental New York Barclay Hotel">InterContinental New York Barclay Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetLife_Building" title="MetLife Building">MetLife Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Biltmore_Hotel" title="New York Biltmore Hotel">New York Biltmore Hotel</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Grand_Central_Place" title="One Grand Central Place">One Grand Central Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Vanderbilt" title="One Vanderbilt">One Vanderbilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_Viaduct" title="Park Avenue Viaduct">Park Avenue Viaduct</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pershing Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pershing_Square_Building" title="Pershing Square Building">Pershing Square Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Hotel_(Manhattan)" title="Roosevelt Hotel (Manhattan)">Roosevelt Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socony%E2%80%93Mobil_Building" title="Socony–Mobil Building">Socony–Mobil Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldorf_Astoria_New_York" title="Waldorf Astoria New York">Waldorf Astoria New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Yale_Club_of_New_York_City" title="The Yale Club of New York City">The Yale Club of New York City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Grand_Central_Terminal" title="History of Grand Central Terminal">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Timeline of Grand Central Terminal">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Side_Access" title="East Side Access">East Side Access</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Penn_Central_Transportation_Co._v._New_York_City" title="Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City">Penn Central Transportation Co. v. New York City</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associated<br />entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argent_Ventures" title="Argent Ventures">Argent Ventures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Partnership" title="Grand Central Partnership">Grand Central Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metro-North_Railroad" title="Metro-North Railroad">Metro-North Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_Rail_Road" title="Long Island Rail Road">Long Island Rail Road</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Central_Railroad" title="New York Central Railroad">New York Central Railroad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York,_New_Haven_and_Hartford_Railroad" title="New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad">New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Wilgus" title="William J. Wilgus">William J. Wilgus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Vanderbilt" title="Cornelius Vanderbilt">Cornelius Vanderbilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_T._Fellheimer" title="Alfred T. Fellheimer">Alfred T. Fellheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradford_Gilbert" title="Bradford Gilbert">Bradford Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Snook" title="John B. Snook">John B. Snook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reed_and_Stem" title="Reed and Stem">Reed and Stem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_and_Wetmore" title="Warren and Wetmore">Warren and Wetmore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kodak_Colorama" title="Kodak Colorama">Colorama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal_in_popular_culture" title="Grand Central Terminal in popular culture">Grand Central Terminal in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Tower" title="Grand Central Tower">Grand Central Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tournament_of_Champions_(squash)" title="Tournament of Champions (squash)">Tournament of Champions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pershing_Square,_Manhattan&oldid=1154676745">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pershing_Square,_Manhattan&oldid=1154676745</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Neighborhoods_in_Manhattan" title="Category:Neighborhoods in Manhattan">Neighborhoods in Manhattan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Squares_in_Manhattan" title="Category:Squares in Manhattan">Squares in Manhattan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Park_Avenue" title="Category:Park Avenue">Park Avenue</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Category:Grand Central Terminal">Grand Central Terminal</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_June_2020" title="Category:Use mdy dates from June 2020">Use mdy dates from June 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 May 2023, at 00:01<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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