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</a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Minor Upanishad of Hinduism</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#FFC569;">Paramahamsa Parivrajaka</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sadhu_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Sadhu_1.jpg/250px-Sadhu_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="379" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Sadhu_1.jpg/375px-Sadhu_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Sadhu_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="396" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The text discusses renunciation and the life of wandering ascetic</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></th><td class="infobox-data">परमहम्स परिव्रजक</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title means</th><td class="infobox-data">Wandering supreme swan (soul)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">14th or 15th century CE</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a> and Adi Narayana</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">Sannyasa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Linked <a href="/wiki/Veda" class="mw-redirect" title="Veda">Veda</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chapters</th><td class="infobox-data">8<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257–265_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257–265-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Philosophy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <i><b>Paramahamsa Parivrajaka Upanishad</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">परमहम्स परिव्रजक उपनिस्हद्</span>), is a medieval era Sanskrit text and a minor Upanishad of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>. It is one of the 31 Upanishads attached to the <a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and classified as one of the 19 <a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">Sannyasa</a> Upanishads.<sup id="cite_ref-Tinoco_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tinoco-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992x–xi_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992x–xi-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The text is one of the late additions to the Hindu corpus of Upanishads, dated to the 2nd millennium of the common era, and was probably composed in the 14th or 15th century CE.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle19928-9_with_footnotes_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle19928-9_with_footnotes-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The text is notable for mentioning Sannyasa in the context of Varna (classes), and describing ascetics (Hamsas) as wandering birds picking up food wherever they can find it, <i>Paramahamsas</i> (highest ascetics) begging and accepting food and water from all four castes without discrimination, a description similar to one found in Ashrama Upanishad.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261–265_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261–265-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The text is also notable for the details it provides about the medieval tradition of renunciation in South Asia, and asserting that wandering Hindu mendicant after renunciation is ethical, dedicated to the study of <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a>, and established in the path of <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257–265_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257–265-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Telugu <a href="/wiki/Anthology" title="Anthology">anthology</a> of 108 Upanishads of the <a href="/wiki/Muktika" class="mw-redirect" title="Muktika">Muktika</a> canon, narrated by <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a> to <a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a>, this Upanishad is listed at number 66.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussenBedekarPalsule1997556–57_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussenBedekarPalsule1997556–57-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The text is also known as <i><b>Paramahamsaparivrajaka Upanishad</b></i> and <i><b>Paramahamsaparivrajakopnishad</b></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meaning_of_the_title">Meaning of the title</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramahamsa_Parivrajaka_Upanishad&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Meaning of the title"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The literal meaning of <a href="/wiki/Paramahamsa" title="Paramahamsa">Paramahamsa</a> is "supreme swan" and Parivarjaka means "wandering". In Indian tradition, states <a href="/wiki/Paul_Deussen" title="Paul Deussen">Paul Deussen</a>, Hamsa (swan) symbolizes the "migrating soul" or <a href="/wiki/Reincarnation" title="Reincarnation">reincarnating</a> <a href="/wiki/Soul" title="Soul">soul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussenBedekarPalsule1997963_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussenBedekarPalsule1997963-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> these words are prefixed to the Upanishad, connoting knowledge about the "wandering supreme soul (swan)".<sup id="cite_ref-Deussen1997_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deussen1997-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chronology">Chronology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramahamsa_Parivrajaka_Upanishad&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Chronology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The text is a late addition to the corpus of Upanishads. It was composed after most Sannyasa Upanishads because it refers to them, and is from the 2nd millennium CE, states Sprockhoff.<sup id="cite_ref-sprockhoff_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sprockhoff-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was probably composed in the 14th or 15th century CE, during the Islamic Sultanate period of <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sprockhoff_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sprockhoff-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle19928-9_with_footnotes_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle19928-9_with_footnotes-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramahamsa_Parivrajaka_Upanishad&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Upanishad is presented as a discourse between Brahma – the creator who is called "Grandfather", and Brahma's father Adi Narayana.<sup id="cite_ref-Ramanathan_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ramanathan-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The text asserts that they have learnt from Adi Narayana about <a href="/wiki/Varna_(Hinduism)" title="Varna (Hinduism)">Varna</a>-dharma (classes),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ashrama_(stage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashrama (stage)">Ashrama</a>-dharma (stages of life), and respective duties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257-258_with_footnotes_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257-258_with_footnotes-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Brahma asks Adi Narayana to now teach about the wandering <i>Paramahamsa</i>, who is qualified, wanderer's characteristics, wanderer's state and relationship.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257-258_with_footnotes_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257-258_with_footnotes-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The text is structured into eight prose chapters.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257–265_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257–265-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It includes fragments of texts from many other Samnyasa Upanishads, as well older non-Vedic and Vedic texts. Many of the ideas found in this text repeat those found in Upanishads composed earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257_with_footnotes_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257_with_footnotes-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contents">Contents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramahamsa_Parivrajaka_Upanishad&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Contents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flying_high_(12384944473).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flying_high_%2812384944473%29.jpg/260px-Flying_high_%2812384944473%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flying_high_%2812384944473%29.jpg/390px-Flying_high_%2812384944473%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flying_high_%2812384944473%29.jpg/520px-Flying_high_%2812384944473%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="2916" /></a><figcaption>The phrase "Paramahamsa Parivrajaka" means "wandering highest <a href="/wiki/Hamsa_(bird)" title="Hamsa (bird)">Hamsa</a> (swan, goose)".</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="When_to_renounce">When to renounce</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramahamsa_Parivrajaka_Upanishad&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: When to renounce"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Man begins his adult life with three longings (son, wealth and heavenly world), asserts the text, and to pursue these he resorts to selfishness, egotism and other latent impulses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257-258_with_footnotes_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257-258_with_footnotes-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With time, wisdom dawns on him, and he seeks meaning and liberation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257-258_with_footnotes_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257-258_with_footnotes-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is the time to renounce. Like, <a href="/wiki/Jabala_Upanishad" title="Jabala Upanishad">Jabala Upanishad</a>, the Paramahamsa Parivrajaka Upanishad asserts that anyone can renounce, at any time, either after sequentially completing studentship, householder life and retirement, or directly after Vedic studies, or from household life, or retirement, married or never married.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle199275–76,_257-258_with_footnotes_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle199275–76,_257-258_with_footnotes-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He must feel disgust or detachment from the ways of the world, state the text, and feel the human longing for a way for total and permanent happiness.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle199275–76,_257-258_with_footnotes_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle199275–76,_257-258_with_footnotes-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once this detachment is in him, he should renounce and seek the life of wandering <i>Hamsa</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle199275–76,_257-258_with_footnotes_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle199275–76,_257-258_with_footnotes-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Upanishad adds that the renouncer should inform his family and friends, declare his intent, persuade and obtain cheerful approval of his father, mother, wife, son, relatives, and those who live immediately next to him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle199275–76,_257-258_with_footnotes_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle199275–76,_257-258_with_footnotes-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If he is a teacher, states the text, he should also get the cheerful consent of his pupils.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle199275–76,_257-258_with_footnotes_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle199275–76,_257-258_with_footnotes-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="How_to_renounce">How to renounce</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramahamsa_Parivrajaka_Upanishad&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: How to renounce"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Upanishad states in chapter 2 that while some people do Prajapati rituals before commencing on renunciation, they should not. Instead, they should remember and make oblations to the fire of vital breath and three elements (Sattva (goodness), Rajas (energy) and Tamas (darkness)).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992258-259_with_footnotes_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992258-259_with_footnotes-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The text then repeats the teachings of Jabala Upanishad, with the change that anyone who wants to renounce should get the sacred fire from his village, or from a <a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a> for the offering.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992258-259_with_footnotes_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992258-259_with_footnotes-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The seeker of renunciation then inhales from this fire (Agni) while reciting the following hymn:<sup id="cite_ref-Ramanathan_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ramanathan-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>'Oh Fire, this (vital breath) is your source; as you are born at the proper time (of the year) you put on effulgence. Knowing him (the Atman, your ultimate source) may you merge (with the Prana, your source). May you increase our wealth (of transcendent knowledge)'. So reciting the mantra he shall smell the fire. This is the source of fire, the vital air. May you go to the Prana, may you go to your source. Svaha.<sup id="cite_ref-Ramanathan_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ramanathan-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Alternatively, he may do this without the fire obtained from his village or Brahmin, and just use water, or just do it mentally or orally with "I renounce" if he feels he is in mortal danger.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992258-259_with_footnotes_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992258-259_with_footnotes-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After that, he may go into war and die as a hero, or stop eating, or drown, or enter a fire, or proceed on the great journey. He can also proceed instead on the path of the Paramhamsa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992258-259_with_footnotes_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992258-259_with_footnotes-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For a life of a <i>Hamsa</i> monk, states the text, he should renounce by remembering the <a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a>, cutting his topknot tuft of hair, cutting the sacred thread he wears, throw all this into the water before him, undress and say, "Om, I have renounced, I have renounced, I have renounced, Om!". Then he must say, "I give safety to all beings! Svaha!".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992259-260_with_footnotes_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992259-260_with_footnotes-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thereafter, he leaves, heading towards north, remembering "Om, I am <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a>, Om <i>Tat tvam asi</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992259-260_with_footnotes_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992259-260_with_footnotes-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This method is repeated, for a different context, in chapter 4 of the text.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992260-261_with_footnotes_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992260-261_with_footnotes-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The renouncer then wears an old garment, or bark and antelope skin and proceeds on the journey of renunciation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992260-261_with_footnotes_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992260-261_with_footnotes-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taking_leave_from_the_family">Taking leave from the family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramahamsa_Parivrajaka_Upanishad&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Taking leave from the family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The renouncer gets together with wife, son and family, then offer the Shraddha oblation to himself in front of them, states the text.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008_15-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992259-261_with_footnotes_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992259-261_with_footnotes-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then he turns towards his children, if he is a teacher towards his students, if he has no children or students then himself. He announces that he is giving away his Vedic and secular abilities to them, as well as his fourteen faculties, and everything he possesses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992259-261_with_footnotes_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992259-261_with_footnotes-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then, states the text, he declares to them, "You are Brahma! You are the sacrifice!" and then he leaves everything, leaves everyone, and parts company.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008_15-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992259-261_with_footnotes_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992259-261_with_footnotes-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="What_the_renouncer_does">What the renouncer does</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramahamsa_Parivrajaka_Upanishad&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: What the renouncer does"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:33em; ; color: #202122;background-color: #FFE0BB;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><b>Sannyasi ethics</b> </p> <div class="poem"> <p>He is truthful. He is celibate. He is non-possessive. He is non-violent.<br /> He forsakes anger, greed, delusion, conceit, deceit and arrogance.<br /> He forsakes indignation, pride, impatience, hate, selfishness and the like. </p> </div> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="right-aligned" style="">— <i>Paramahamsa Parivrajaka Upanishad</i> Chapter 4<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <p>The Upanishad dedicates the largest portion of its text describing the characteristics of the wandering Paramahamsa.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008_15-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261–265_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261–265-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The wandering Paramahamsa, states the text, studies <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> and is established in the path of <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a>. He recites Om, he is selfless yet fixed in his Self (soul). He is of pure mind, detached, learning always.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261–262_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261–262-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is, asserts the text, always reflecting on the meaning of the Upanishads.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261–262_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261–262-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has no attachments to anything, internal or external. No enmity crosses his mind, he begs food from all classes (<i>varna</i>), he is happy if he finds something to eat and he is equally happy if he does not.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008_15-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261–265_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261–265-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His hand is his begging bowl,<sup id="cite_ref-Pandit1987_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pandit1987-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he looks lean, he wanders alone for eight months, asserts the text, stays at one place during the monsoons.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261–262_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261–262-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He always sleeps on the ground, he does not shave, he avoids cities, he avoids women, he looks always distant and concealed, he meditates states chapter 5 of the text.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008_15-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261–265_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261–265-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chapter 6 describes the nature of Om sound praising it to be the same as Brahman, while chapter 7 states that man does not need rituals or external religious symbols if his mind, translates <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Olivelle" title="Patrick Olivelle">Patrick Olivelle</a>, is set on the "non-dual knowledge of self".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992264–265_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992264–265-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That knowledge is his sacred string, meditation is his topknot tuft of hair, the inner journey is his purificatory ritual and ring.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992264–265_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992264–265-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Paramahamsa wanderer is rare, asserts the Upanishad.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008_15-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992264–265_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992264–265-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is the man of the <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a>, whose mind is one with Brahman, he is always satisfied with whatever he gets, neither respect nor disrespect bothers him, nor do pleasure or sorrow.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992264–265_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992264–265-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He does not pay homage to anything or anyone, nor does he expect homage from anything or anyone.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992264–265_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992264–265-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"> <div class="poem"> <p><b>The nature of Paramahamsa Parivrajaka</b><br /> <br /> (...) He endures rebuke, wrath and mockery. He makes no distinction between the superior and the inferior, he does not perceive anything as different from himself. </p> </div> <div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Paramahamsa Parivrajaka Upanishad, Chapter 8<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008_15-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992265_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992265-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>He does not utter Svaha, he is not occupied with mantras nor tantric rites.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008_15-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992264–265_26-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992264–265-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gods are not the subject of his meditation. The wandering Paramahamsa is, translates Olivelle, "a mass of non-dual consciousness characterized by being, consciousness and bliss".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008_15-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992264–265_26-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992264–265-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramahamsa_Parivrajaka_Upanishad&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Shraddha oblation is an oblation of the children to dead ancestors in Hindu tradition.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The purificatory ring is a ring made from a type of long grass and worn on the fourth finger, during certain rituals and rites of passage in Hindu traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992264_with_footnote_17_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992264_with_footnote_17-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramahamsa_Parivrajaka_Upanishad&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257–265-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257–265_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257–265_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257–265_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlivelle1992">Olivelle 1992</a>, pp. 257–265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFarquhar1920" class="citation cs2">Farquhar, John Nicol (1920), <i>An outline of the religious literature of India</i>, H. Milford, Oxford university press, p. 364, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-208-2086-X" title="Special:BookSources/81-208-2086-X"><bdi>81-208-2086-X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+outline+of+the+religious+literature+of+India&rft.pages=364&rft.pub=H.+Milford%2C+Oxford+university+press&rft.date=1920&rft.isbn=81-208-2086-X&rft.aulast=Farquhar&rft.aufirst=John+Nicol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParamahamsa+Parivrajaka+Upanishad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tinoco-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tinoco_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTinoco1997" class="citation book cs1">Tinoco, Carlos Alberto (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7xoNEM63hZEC&pg=PA87"><i>Upanishads</i></a>. IBRASA. p. 87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-85-348-0040-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-85-348-0040-2"><bdi>978-85-348-0040-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Upanishads&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=IBRASA&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-85-348-0040-2&rft.aulast=Tinoco&rft.aufirst=Carlos+Alberto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7xoNEM63hZEC%26pg%3DPA87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParamahamsa+Parivrajaka+Upanishad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992x–xi-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992x–xi_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlivelle1992">Olivelle 1992</a>, pp. x–xi.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle19928-9_with_footnotes-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle19928-9_with_footnotes_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle19928-9_with_footnotes_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlivelle1992">Olivelle 1992</a>, pp. 8-9 with footnotes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carl Olson (1997), The Indian Renouncer and Postmodern Poison: A Cross-cultural Encounter, P Lang, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0820430225" title="Special:BookSources/978-0820430225">978-0820430225</a>, pages 19-20</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261–265-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261–265_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261–265_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261–265_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261–265_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlivelle1992">Olivelle 1992</a>, pp. 261–265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussenBedekarPalsule1997556–57-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussenBedekarPalsule1997556–57_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeussenBedekarPalsule1997">Deussen, Bedekar & Palsule 1997</a>, pp. 556–57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussenBedekarPalsule1997963-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussenBedekarPalsule1997963_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeussenBedekarPalsule1997">Deussen, Bedekar & Palsule 1997</a>, p. 963.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Deussen1997-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Deussen1997_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeussen1997" class="citation book cs1">Deussen, Paul (1 January 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XYepeIGUY0gC"><i>Sixty Upanishads of the Veda</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 753. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1467-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1467-7"><bdi>978-81-208-1467-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sixty+Upanishads+of+the+Veda&rft.pages=753&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1467-7&rft.aulast=Deussen&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXYepeIGUY0gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParamahamsa+Parivrajaka+Upanishad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sprockhoff-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sprockhoff_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sprockhoff_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Joachim Friedrich Sprockhoff (1976), "Saṃnyāsa: Quellenstudien zur Askese im Hinduismus", Volume 42, Issue 2, pages 11-34, Sections on PpU (in German)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ramanathan-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ramanathan_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ramanathan_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ramanathan_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamanathan" class="citation web cs1">Ramanathan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.celextel.org/upanishads/atharva_veda/paramahamsaparivrajaka.html">"Paramahamsa-Parivrajaka Upanishad"</a>. Vedanta Spiritual Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Paramahamsa-Parivrajaka+Upanishad&rft.pub=Vedanta+Spiritual+Library&rft.au=Ramanathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.celextel.org%2Fupanishads%2Fatharva_veda%2Fparamahamsaparivrajaka.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParamahamsa+Parivrajaka+Upanishad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlivelle1992">Olivelle 1992</a>, p. 257.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257-258_with_footnotes-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257-258_with_footnotes_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257-258_with_footnotes_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257-258_with_footnotes_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257-258_with_footnotes_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlivelle1992">Olivelle 1992</a>, pp. 257-258 with footnotes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008_15-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008_15-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008_15-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008_15-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008_15-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008_15-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008_15-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008_15-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2008_15-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHattangadi2008">Hattangadi 2008</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257_with_footnotes-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992257_with_footnotes_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlivelle1992">Olivelle 1992</a>, pp. 257 with footnotes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle199275–76,_257-258_with_footnotes-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle199275–76,_257-258_with_footnotes_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle199275–76,_257-258_with_footnotes_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle199275–76,_257-258_with_footnotes_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle199275–76,_257-258_with_footnotes_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle199275–76,_257-258_with_footnotes_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlivelle1992">Olivelle 1992</a>, pp. 75–76, 257-258 with footnotes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992258-259_with_footnotes-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992258-259_with_footnotes_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992258-259_with_footnotes_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992258-259_with_footnotes_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992258-259_with_footnotes_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlivelle1992">Olivelle 1992</a>, pp. 258-259 with footnotes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992259-260_with_footnotes-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992259-260_with_footnotes_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992259-260_with_footnotes_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlivelle1992">Olivelle 1992</a>, pp. 259-260 with footnotes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992260-261_with_footnotes-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992260-261_with_footnotes_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992260-261_with_footnotes_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlivelle1992">Olivelle 1992</a>, pp. 260-261 with footnotes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992259-261_with_footnotes-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992259-261_with_footnotes_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992259-261_with_footnotes_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992259-261_with_footnotes_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlivelle1992">Olivelle 1992</a>, pp. 259-261 with footnotes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlivelle1992">Olivelle 1992</a>, p. 261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261–262-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261–262_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261–262_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992261–262_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlivelle1992">Olivelle 1992</a>, pp. 261–262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pandit1987-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pandit1987_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPandit1987" class="citation book cs1">Pandit, Madhav Pundalik (November 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=di0KAQAAMAAJ"><i>Traditions in mysticism</i></a>. Oriental University Press. p. 119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7465-0072-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7465-0072-9"><bdi>978-0-7465-0072-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Traditions+in+mysticism&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Oriental+University+Press&rft.date=1987-11&rft.isbn=978-0-7465-0072-9&rft.aulast=Pandit&rft.aufirst=Madhav+Pundalik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ddi0KAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParamahamsa+Parivrajaka+Upanishad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992264–265-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992264–265_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992264–265_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992264–265_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992264–265_26-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992264–265_26-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992264–265_26-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992264–265_26-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlivelle1992">Olivelle 1992</a>, pp. 264–265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992264_with_footnote_17-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992264_with_footnote_17_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlivelle1992">Olivelle 1992</a>, pp. 264 with footnote 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992265-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlivelle1992265_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlivelle1992">Olivelle 1992</a>, p. 265.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paramahamsa_Parivrajaka_Upanishad&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeussenBedekarPalsule1997" class="citation book cs1">Deussen, Paul; Bedekar, V.M.; Palsule, G.B. (1 January 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XYepeIGUY0gC&pg=PA757"><i>Sixty Upanishads of the Veda</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1467-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1467-7"><bdi>978-81-208-1467-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sixty+Upanishads+of+the+Veda&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1467-7&rft.aulast=Deussen&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Bedekar%2C+V.M.&rft.au=Palsule%2C+G.B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXYepeIGUY0gC%26pg%3DPA757&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParamahamsa+Parivrajaka+Upanishad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHattangadi2008" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hattangadi, Sunder (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_upanishhat/paramahansaparivrAjaka.pdf">"परमहंसपरिव्राजकोपनिषत् (Paramahamsa Parivrajaka Upanishad)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Sanskrit)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D+%28Paramahamsa+Parivrajaka+Upanishad%29&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Hattangadi&rft.aufirst=Sunder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsanskritdocuments.org%2Fdoc_upanishhat%2FparamahansaparivrAjaka.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParamahamsa+Parivrajaka+Upanishad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlivelle1992" class="citation book cs1">Olivelle, Patrick (1992). <i>The Samnyasa Upanisads</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195070453" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195070453"><bdi>978-0195070453</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Samnyasa+Upanisads&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0195070453&rft.aulast=Olivelle&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParamahamsa+Parivrajaka+Upanishad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlivelle1993" class="citation book cs1">Olivelle, Patrick (1993). <i>The Asrama System</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195083279" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195083279"><bdi>978-0195083279</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Asrama+System&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0195083279&rft.aulast=Olivelle&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AParamahamsa+Parivrajaka+Upanishad" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HinduSwastika.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HinduSwastika.svg/14px-HinduSwastika.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HinduSwastika.svg/21px-HinduSwastika.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HinduSwastika.svg/28px-HinduSwastika.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="145" /></a></span> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Hinduism_terms" title="Glossary of Hinduism terms">Glossary</a></li> <li>Index</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of Hinduism">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Hinduism_terms" title="Glossary of Hinduism terms">Concepts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishvara" title="Ishvara">Ishvara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80tman_(Hinduism)" title="Ātman (Hinduism)">Atman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_(religion)" title="Maya (religion)">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra" title="Saṃsāra">Saṃsāra</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puru%E1%B9%A3%C4%81rtha" title="Puruṣārtha">Puruṣārthas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artha" title="Artha">Artha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_religion#Hindu_ethics" title="Ethics in religion">Niti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achourya" title="Achourya">Asteya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aparigraha" class="mw-redirect" title="Aparigraha">Aparigraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacarya" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmacarya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Damah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassion#Hinduism" title="Compassion">Dayā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrodha" title="Akrodha">Akrodha</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Āstika</a>: <a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Nāstika</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Charvaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Hindu "Om" symbol"><img alt="Hindu "Om" symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg/100px-Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg/150px-Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg/200px-Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="507" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Texts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aruti" title="Śruti">Śruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Smṛti">Smṛti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_chant" title="Vedic chant">Samhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmana" title="Brahmana">Brahmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranyaka" title="Aranyaka">Aranyaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aitareya_Upanishad" title="Aitareya Upanishad">Aitareya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaushitaki_Upanishad" title="Kaushitaki Upanishad">Kaushitaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihadaranyaka_Upanishad" title="Brihadaranyaka Upanishad">Brihadaranyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isha_Upanishad" title="Isha Upanishad">Isha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taittiriya_Upanishad" title="Taittiriya Upanishad">Taittiriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katha_Upanishad" title="Katha Upanishad">Katha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitrayaniya_Upanishad" title="Maitrayaniya Upanishad">Maitrayaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shvetashvatara_Upanishad" title="Shvetashvatara Upanishad">Shvetashvatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandogya_Upanishad" title="Chandogya Upanishad">Chandogya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kena_Upanishad" title="Kena Upanishad">Kena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundaka_Upanishad" title="Mundaka Upanishad">Mundaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandukya_Upanishad" title="Mandukya Upanishad">Mandukya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prashna_Upanishad" title="Prashna Upanishad">Prashna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Upaveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Upaveda">Upavedas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_martial_arts" title="Indian martial arts">Dhanurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natyaveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple_architecture" title="Hindu temple architecture">Sthapatyaveda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vedanga" title="Vedanga">Vedanga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiksha" title="Shiksha">Shiksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_prosody" title="Sanskrit prosody">Chandas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vy%C4%81kara%E1%B9%87a" title="Vyākaraṇa">Vyākaraṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirukta" title="Nirukta">Nirukta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_(Vedanga)" title="Kalpa (Vedanga)">Kalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyotisha">Jyotisha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_texts" title="List of Hindu texts">Other</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)">Agamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads#Classification" title="Upanishads">Minor Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Arthashastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitisara" title="Nitisara">Nitisara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra" title="Dharmaśāstra">Dharmaśāstra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manusmriti" title="Manusmriti">Manusmriti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81radasm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Nāradasmṛti">Nāradasmṛti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%81j%C3%B1avalkya_Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Yājñavalkya Smṛti">Yājñavalkya Smṛti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stotra" title="Stotra">Stotras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhashita" title="Subhashita">Subhashita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantras_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantras (Hinduism)">Tantras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Vasistha" title="Yoga Vasistha">Yoga Vasistha</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras of Patanjali</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sangam_literature" title="Sangam literature">Sangam literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divya_Prabandham" class="mw-redirect" title="Divya Prabandham">Divya Prabandham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumuruk%C4%81%E1%B9%9F%E1%B9%9Fuppa%E1%B9%ADai" title="Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai">Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruppugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruppugal">Thiruppugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirukkural" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirukkural">Thirukkural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamba_Ramayanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamba Ramayanam">Kamba Ramayanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Great_Epics" title="Five Great Epics">Five Great Epics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Greater_Texts" title="Eighteen Greater Texts">Eighteen Greater Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Lesser_Texts" title="Eighteen Lesser Texts">Eighteen Lesser Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athichudi" title="Athichudi">Athichudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraiyanar_Akapporul" title="Iraiyanar Akapporul">Iraiyanar Akapporul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhirami_Antati" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhirami Antati">Abhirami Antati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvilaiyadal_Puranam" title="Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam">Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayagar_Agaval" title="Vinayagar Agaval">Vinayagar Agaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedarthasamgraha" title="Vedarthasamgraha">Vedarthasamgraha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Gods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dattatreya" title="Dattatreya">Dattatreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya" title="Surya">Surya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varuna" title="Varuna">Varuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayu" title="Vayu">Vayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_gods" title="Category:Hindu gods"><i>more</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Goddesses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumi_(goddess)" title="Bhumi (goddess)">Bhumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavidya" title="Mahavidya">Mahavidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrika" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrika">Matrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Hindu_goddess)" title="Sati (Hindu goddess)">Sati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashthi" title="Shashthi">Shashthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_goddesses" title="Category:Hindu goddesses"><i>more</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Worship_in_Hinduism" title="Worship in Hinduism">Worship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murti" title="Murti">Murti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japa" title="Japa">Japa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhajan" title="Bhajan">Bhajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naivedhya" class="mw-redirect" title="Naivedhya">Naivedhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajna" title="Yajna">Yajna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homa_(ritual)" title="Homa (ritual)">Homa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhy%C4%81na_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhyāna in Hinduism">Dhyāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites in India">Tirthatana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sanskara_(rite_of_passage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskara (rite of passage)">Sanskaras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garbhadhana" title="Garbhadhana">Garbhadhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana" title="Pumsavana">Pumsavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana_Simantonayana" title="Pumsavana Simantonayana">Simantonayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatakarma" title="Jatakarma">Jatakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81makara%E1%B9%87a" title="Nāmakaraṇa">Namakarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishkramana" title="Nishkramana">Nishkramana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annaprashana" title="Annaprashana">Annaprashana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chudakarana" title="Chudakarana">Chudakarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnavedha" title="Karnavedha">Karnavedha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidy%C4%81ra%E1%B9%83bha%E1%B9%83" title="Vidyāraṃbhaṃ">Vidyarambha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanayana" title="Upanayana">Upanayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshanta" title="Keshanta">Keshanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritu_Kala_Samskaram" title="Ritu Kala Samskaram">Ritushuddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samavartanam" title="Samavartanam">Samavartanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaah" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivaah">Vivaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antyesti" title="Antyesti">Antyeshti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Varnashrama</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varna_(Hinduism)" title="Varna (Hinduism)">Varna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshatriya" title="Kshatriya">Kshatriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishya" title="Vaishya">Vaishya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shudra" title="Shudra">Shudra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashrama_(stage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashrama (stage)">Ashrama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacarya" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmacarya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grihastha" class="mw-redirect" title="Grihastha">Grihastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanaprastha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanaprastha">Vanaprastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">Sannyasa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_festivals" title="List of Hindu festivals">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Shivaratri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksha_Bandhan" title="Raksha Bandhan">Raksha Bandhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Navaratri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramlila" title="Ramlila">Ramlila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijayadashami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Rama Navami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Janmashtami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pongal_(festival)" title="Pongal (festival)">Pongal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a></li> <li>New Year <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bihu" title="Bihu">Bihu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_Padwa" title="Gudi Padwa">Gudi Padwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahela_Baishakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahela Baishakh">Pahela Baishakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haridwar_Kumbh_Mela" title="Haridwar Kumbh Mela">Haridwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik-Trimbakeshwar_Simhastha" title="Nashik-Trimbakeshwar Simhastha">Nashik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayag_Kumbh_Mela" title="Prayag Kumbh Mela">Prayag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Simhastha" title="Ujjain Simhastha">Ujjain</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra_(Puri)" title="Ratha Yatra (Puri)">Ratha Yatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teej" title="Teej">Teej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasant_Panchami" title="Vasant Panchami">Vasant Panchami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_festivals" title="Template:Hindu festivals">Others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sv%C4%81dhy%C4%81ya" title="Svādhyāya">Svādhyāya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste">Namaste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindi_(decoration)" title="Bindi (decoration)">Bindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilaka" title="Tilaka">Tilaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Related</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindus#Etymology" title="Hindus">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Hindus" title="Lists of Hindus">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">Denominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_law" title="Hindu law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Anti-Hindu sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Hinduism" title="Criticism of Hinduism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_gurus_and_sants" title="List of Hindu gurus and sants">Hindu gurus and sants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_studies" title="Hindu studies">Hindu studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_iconography" title="Hindu iconography">Iconography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites">Pilgrimage sites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites in India">India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_other_religions" title="Hinduism and other religions">Relations with other religions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_Hinduism" title="Baháʼí Faith and Hinduism">Baháʼí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Hinduism" title="Buddhism and Hinduism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Islamic_relations" title="Hindu–Islamic relations">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_and_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jainism and Hinduism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Judaism" title="Hinduism and Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Sikhism" title="Hinduism and Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Theosophy" title="Hinduism and Theosophy">Theosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Hinduism_terms" title="Glossary of Hinduism terms">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_by_country" title="Hinduism by country">Hinduism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temples" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu temples">Hindu temples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_temples" title="List of Hindu temples">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple_architecture" title="Hindu temple architecture">Architecture</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:bold;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Hinduism" title="Outline of Hinduism">Outline</a><br /> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Hinduism" title="Category:Hinduism">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Hinduism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Hinduism">WikiProject</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="16px_The_108_Upanishads" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC66C;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mukhya_Upanishads" title="Template:Mukhya Upanishads"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mukhya_Upanishads" title="Template talk:Mukhya Upanishads"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mukhya_Upanishads" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mukhya Upanishads"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="16px_The_108_Upanishads" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aum_Om_red_dark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Aum_Om_red_dark.svg/16px-Aum_Om_red_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Aum_Om_red_dark.svg/24px-Aum_Om_red_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Aum_Om_red_dark.svg/32px-Aum_Om_red_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span> The 108 <a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isha_Upanishad" title="Isha Upanishad">Isha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kena_Upanishad" title="Kena Upanishad">Kena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katha_Upanishad" title="Katha Upanishad">Katha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prashna_Upanishad" title="Prashna Upanishad">Prashna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundaka_Upanishad" title="Mundaka Upanishad">Mundaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandukya_Upanishad" title="Mandukya Upanishad">Mandukya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taittiriya_Upanishad" title="Taittiriya Upanishad">Taittiriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aitareya_Upanishad" title="Aitareya Upanishad">Aitareya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandogya_Upanishad" title="Chandogya Upanishad">Chandogya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihadaranyaka_Upanishad" title="Brihadaranyaka Upanishad">Brihadaranyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Upanishad" title="Brahma Upanishad">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaivalya_Upanishad" title="Kaivalya Upanishad">Kaivalya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabala_Upanishad" title="Jabala Upanishad">Jabala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shvetashvatara_Upanishad" title="Shvetashvatara Upanishad">Shvetashvatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamsopanishad" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamsopanishad">Hamsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruneya_Upanishad" title="Aruneya Upanishad">Aruneya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garbha_Upanishad" title="Garbha Upanishad">Garbha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Upanishad" title="Narayana Upanishad">Narayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahamsa_Upanishad" title="Paramahamsa Upanishad">Paramahamsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amritabindu_Upanishad" title="Amritabindu Upanishad">Amritabindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amritanada_Upanishad" class="mw-redirect" title="Amritanada Upanishad">Amritanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvashiras_Upanishad" title="Atharvashiras Upanishad">Atharvashiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvashikha_Upanishad" title="Atharvashikha Upanishad">Atharvashikha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitrayaniya_Upanishad" title="Maitrayaniya Upanishad">Maitrayaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaushitaki_Upanishad" title="Kaushitaki Upanishad">Kaushitaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihajjabala_Upanishad" title="Brihajjabala Upanishad">Brihajjabala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nrisimha_Tapaniya_Upanishad" title="Nrisimha Tapaniya Upanishad">Nrisimha Tapaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalagni_Rudra_Upanishad" title="Kalagni Rudra Upanishad">Kalagni Rudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitreya_Upanishad" title="Maitreya Upanishad">Maitreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subala_Upanishad" title="Subala Upanishad">Subala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshurika_Upanishad" title="Kshurika Upanishad">Kshurika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantrika_Upanishad" title="Mantrika Upanishad">Mantrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvasara_Upanishad" title="Sarvasara Upanishad">Sarvasara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niralamba_Upanishad" title="Niralamba Upanishad">Niralamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shukarahasya_Upanishad" title="Shukarahasya Upanishad">Shukarahasya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrasuchi_Upanishad" title="Vajrasuchi Upanishad">Vajrasuchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejobindu_Upanishad" title="Tejobindu Upanishad">Tejobindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nada_Bindu_Upanishad" class="mw-redirect" title="Nada Bindu Upanishad">Nadabindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhyanabindu_Upanishad" title="Dhyanabindu Upanishad">Dhyanabindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmavidya_Upanishad" title="Brahmavidya Upanishad">Brahmavidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogatattva_Upanishad" title="Yogatattva Upanishad">Yogatattva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmabodha_Upanishad" title="Atmabodha Upanishad">Atmabodha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naradaparivrajaka_Upanishad" title="Naradaparivrajaka Upanishad">Naradaparivrajaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trishikhibrahmana_Upanishad" title="Trishikhibrahmana Upanishad">Trishikhi-brahmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita_Upanishad" title="Sita Upanishad">Sita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogachudamani_Upanishad" title="Yogachudamani Upanishad">Yogachudamani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirvana_Upanishad" title="Nirvana Upanishad">Nirvana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala-brahmana_Upanishad" title="Mandala-brahmana Upanishad">Mandala-brahmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakshinamurti_Upanishad" title="Dakshinamurti Upanishad">Dakshinamurti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharabha_Upanishad" title="Sharabha Upanishad">Sharabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skanda_Upanishad" title="Skanda Upanishad">Skanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanarayana_Upanishad" title="Mahanarayana Upanishad">Mahanarayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advayataraka_Upanishad" title="Advayataraka Upanishad">Advayataraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Rahasya_Upanishad" title="Rama Rahasya Upanishad">Rama Rahasya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_tapaniya_Upanishad" title="Rama tapaniya Upanishad">Ramatapaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasudeva_Upanishad" title="Vasudeva Upanishad">Vasudeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudgala_Upanishad" title="Mudgala Upanishad">Mudgala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandilya_Upanishad" title="Shandilya Upanishad">Shandilya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paingala_Upanishad" title="Paingala Upanishad">Paingala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhikshuka_Upanishad" title="Bhikshuka Upanishad">Bhikshuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Upanishad" title="Maha Upanishad">Maha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sariraka_Upanishad" title="Sariraka Upanishad">Sariraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogashikha_Upanishad" title="Yogashikha Upanishad">Yogashikha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turiyatitavadhuta_Upanishad" title="Turiyatitavadhuta Upanishad">Turiyatita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihat-Sannyasa_Upanishad" title="Brihat-Sannyasa Upanishad">Sannyasa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Paramahamsaparivrajaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshamalika_Upanishad" title="Akshamalika Upanishad">Akshamalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avyakta_Upanishad" title="Avyakta Upanishad">Avyakta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekakshara_Upanishad" title="Ekakshara Upanishad">Ekakshara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_Upanishad" title="Annapurna Upanishad">Annapurna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Upanishad" title="Surya Upanishad">Surya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshi_Upanishad" title="Akshi Upanishad">Akshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adhyatma_Upanishad" title="Adhyatma Upanishad">Adhyatma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundika_Upanishad" title="Kundika Upanishad">Kundika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitri_Upanishad" title="Savitri Upanishad">Savitri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atma_Upanishad" title="Atma Upanishad">Atma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashupatabrahma_Upanishad" title="Pashupatabrahma Upanishad">Pashupatabrahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parabrahma_Upanishad" title="Parabrahma Upanishad">Parabrahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avadhutaka_Upanishad" title="Avadhutaka Upanishad">Avadhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuratapini_Upanishad" title="Tripuratapini Upanishad">Tripuratapini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devi_Upanishad" title="Devi Upanishad">Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura_Upanishad" title="Tripura Upanishad">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathashruti_Upanishad" title="Kathashruti Upanishad">Kathashruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavana_Upanishad" title="Bhavana Upanishad">Bhavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudrahridaya_Upanishad" title="Rudrahridaya Upanishad">Rudrahridaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga-Kundalini_Upanishad" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga-Kundalini Upanishad">Yoga-Kundalini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhasmajabala_Upanishad" title="Bhasmajabala Upanishad">Bhasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudrakshajabala_Upanishad" title="Rudrakshajabala Upanishad">Rudraksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganapati_Atharvashirsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganapati Atharvashirsa">Ganapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darshana_Upanishad" title="Darshana Upanishad">Darshana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarasara_Upanishad" title="Tarasara Upanishad">Tarasara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavakya_Upanishad" title="Mahavakya Upanishad">Mahavakya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancabrahma_Upanishad" title="Pancabrahma Upanishad">Pancabrahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranagnihotra_Upanishad" title="Pranagnihotra Upanishad">Pranagnihotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopala_Tapani_Upanishad" title="Gopala Tapani Upanishad">Gopala-Tapani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Upanishad" title="Krishna Upanishad">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajnavalkya_Upanishad" title="Yajnavalkya Upanishad">Yajnavalkya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varaha_Upanishad" title="Varaha Upanishad">Varaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatyayaniya_Upanishad" title="Shatyayaniya Upanishad">Shatyayaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayagriva_Upanishad" title="Hayagriva Upanishad">Hayagriva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dattatreya_Upanishad" title="Dattatreya Upanishad">Dattatreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Upanishad" title="Garuda Upanishad">Garuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali-Sa%E1%B9%87%E1%B9%AD%C4%81ra%E1%B9%87a_Upani%E1%B9%A3ad" title="Kali-Saṇṭāraṇa Upaniṣad">Kali-Santarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabali_Upanishad" title="Jabali Upanishad">Jabali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saubhagyalakshmi_Upanishad" title="Saubhagyalakshmi Upanishad">Saubhagyalakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarasvati-rahasya_Upanishad" title="Sarasvati-rahasya Upanishad">Sarasvati-rahasya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahvricha_Upanishad" title="Bahvricha Upanishad">Bahvricha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muktik%C4%81" title="Muktikā">Muktikā</a></li></ul> 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