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searchaux" style="display:none">One of the minor Upanishads of Hinduism</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#FFC569;">Maha Upanishad</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FourArmedVishnuPandyaDynasty8-9thCentury.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/FourArmedVishnuPandyaDynasty8-9thCentury.jpg/250px-FourArmedVishnuPandyaDynasty8-9thCentury.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/FourArmedVishnuPandyaDynasty8-9thCentury.jpg/375px-FourArmedVishnuPandyaDynasty8-9thCentury.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/FourArmedVishnuPandyaDynasty8-9thCentury.jpg/500px-FourArmedVishnuPandyaDynasty8-9thCentury.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1211" data-file-height="1634" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The text discusses Narayana (<a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></th><td class="infobox-data">महा</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Mahā</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title means</th><td class="infobox-data">Great<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Vaishnava<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Linked <a href="/wiki/Veda" class="mw-redirect" title="Veda">Veda</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETinoco199689_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETinoco199689-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chapters</th><td class="infobox-data">6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Verses</th><td class="infobox-data">549<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Philosophy</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vaishnavism" title="Vaishnavism">Vaishnavism</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <i><b>Maha Upanishad</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit language">Sanskrit</a>: <span lang="sa">महा उपनिषद्</span>, <a href="/wiki/IAST" class="mw-redirect" title="IAST">IAST</a>: Mahā Upaniṣad) is a Sanskrit text and is one of the minor <a href="/wiki/Upanishad" class="mw-redirect" title="Upanishad">Upanishads</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997557,_561–567_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997557,_561–567-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETinoco199687–89_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETinoco199687–89-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The text is classified as a <a href="/wiki/Samanya_Upanishads" title="Samanya Upanishads">Samanya Upanishad</a>. </p><p>The text exists in two versions, one attached to the <a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a> in some anthologies,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997566–567_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997566–567-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and another attached to the <a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETinoco199687–89_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETinoco199687–89-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Atharvaveda version is shorter, and in prose.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799–801_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799–801-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Samaveda version is partly in poetic verses.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Vaishnava Upanishad describes <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> as the highest being, and above Brahma.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997779–782,_799–801_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997779–782,_799–801-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both groups of texts, however, use reverential words of all Hindu gods, and assert them to be the same <a href="/wiki/Atman_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atman (Hinduism)">Atman</a>-<a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997779–782,_799–801_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997779–782,_799–801-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Upanishad presents a syncretism of Vaishnava and <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> ideas, and is notable for its teaching of <i>"<a href="/wiki/Vasudhaiva_Kutumbakam" title="Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam">Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam</a>"</i>, or "the world is one family".<sup id="cite_ref-jeffreymoses12_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jeffreymoses12-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-robinseelan143_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-robinseelan143-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maha_Upanishad&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The date or author of Maha Upanishad is unknown, but Deussen considers it to be the most ancient of Vaishnava Upanishads attached to the Atharvaveda.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799_with_footnotes_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799_with_footnotes-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Manuscripts of this text are also found titled as Mahopanishad.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Telugu language <a href="/wiki/Anthology" title="Anthology">anthology</a> of 108 Upanishads of the <a href="/wiki/Muktika" class="mw-redirect" title="Muktika">Muktika</a> canon, narrated by <a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a> to <a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a>, it is listed at number 61.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997556–557_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997556–557-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the collection of Upanishads under the title <i>Oupanekhat</i>, put together by Sultan Mohammed <a href="/wiki/Dara_Shikhoh" class="mw-redirect" title="Dara Shikhoh">Dara Shikhoh</a> in 1656, consisting of a <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> translation of 50 Upanishads and who prefaced it as the best book on religion, the Maha is listed at number 16.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997558–59_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997558–59-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dara Shikoh's collection was in the same order as found in Upanishad anthologies popular in north India. In the 52 Upanishads version of Colebrook this Upanishad is listed at 9.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997561_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997561-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Bibliothica Indica edition of Narayana the Upanishad is also listed at 9 in his list of 52 Upanishads popular in South India.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997564–65_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997564–65-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contents">Contents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maha_Upanishad&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Contents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Upanishad presents <a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a> as the highest being, above <a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a> principles, above Shiva, and above Brahma.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This Upanishadic text competes with Shaiva Upanishads, such as the <a href="/wiki/Atharvashikha_Upanishad" title="Atharvashikha Upanishad">Atharvashikha Upanishad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atharvashiras_Upanishad" title="Atharvashiras Upanishad">Atharvashiras Upanishad</a>, which asserts Shiva as higher than Vishnu and Brahma.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997779,_799_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997779,_799-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both groups, however, use profusely reverential words in describing all three – Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva (or Maheshvara, Rudra), and identify them as manifestations of the same universal <a href="/wiki/Atman_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atman (Hinduism)">Atman</a>-<a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a> (ultimate reality).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997779–782,_799–801_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997779–782,_799–801-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:32%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #FFE0BB;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><b>The world is a family</b> </p> <div class="poem"> <p>One is a relative, the other stranger, <br /> say the small minded.<br /> The entire world is a family, <br /> live the magnanimous.<br /> <br /> Be detached,<br /> be magnanimous,<br /> lift up your mind, enjoy<br /> the fruit of Brahmanic freedom. </p> </div> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—<i>Maha Upanishad</i> 6.71–75<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000षष्ठोऽध्यायः_७१-_७५,_Quote:_अयं_बन्धुरयं_नेति_गणना_लघुचेतसाम्_।_उदारचरितानां_तु_वसुधैव_कुटुम्बकम्_॥_भावाभावविनिर्मुक्तं_जरामरणवर्जितम्_।_प्रशान्तकलनारभ्यं_नीरागं_पदमाश्रय_॥_एषा_ब्राह्मी_स्थितिः_स्वच्छा_निष्कामा_विगतामया_।_आदाय_विहरन्नेवं_सङ्कटेषु_न_मुह्यति_॥_(...)_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000षष्ठोऽध्यायः_७१-_७५,_Quote:_अयं_बन्धुरयं_नेति_गणना_लघुचेतसाम्_।_उदारचरितानां_तु_वसुधैव_कुटुम्बकम्_॥_भावाभावविनिर्मुक्तं_जरामरणवर्जितम्_।_प्रशान्तकलनारभ्यं_नीरागं_पदमाश्रय_॥_एषा_ब्राह्मी_स्थितिः_स्वच्छा_निष्कामा_विगतामया_।_आदाय_विहरन्नेवं_सङ्कटेषु_न_मुह्यति_॥_(...)-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jeffreymoses12_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jeffreymoses12-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>The text references and uses fragments of <a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedic</a> hymns, such as from <a href="/wiki/Taittiriya_Brahmana" class="mw-redirect" title="Taittiriya Brahmana">Taittiriya Brahmana</a> section 2.2 and <a href="/wiki/Shatapatha_Brahmana" title="Shatapatha Brahmana">Shatapatha Brahmana</a> section 6.1, but reformulates them in the image of Vishnu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He as Brahman is the origin of the universe, asserts the text, from whom arose <a href="/wiki/Purusha" title="Purusha">Purusha</a>, Atman and <a href="/wiki/Prakriti" class="mw-redirect" title="Prakriti">Prakriti</a> (nature, substances, body) of <a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a> philosophy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799–781_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799–781-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the last two concepts, the Upanishad uses the term <i>Tejas</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799–781_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799–781-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thereafter, from Narayana, arose Shiva and Brahma, the <a href="/wiki/Om" title="Om">Om</a>, the cosmic chants and songs, the meters of literature, then the Vedas. The text shares some verses with another Vaishnava text – the <a href="/wiki/Mahanarayana_Upanishad" title="Mahanarayana Upanishad">Mahanarayana Upanishad</a>, and a Shaiva Upanishad – the <a href="/wiki/Atharvashiras_Upanishad" title="Atharvashiras Upanishad">Atharvashiras</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799–781_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799–781-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The longer version of the text, which is attached to Samaveda, includes the shorter version as first part and then presents more text. It goes on to describe the path to liberation and bliss as one of realizing one's soul, of Brahman as knowledge and Vishnu.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000द्वितीयोऽध्यायः_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000द्वितीयोऽध्यायः-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A liberated person is <i><a href="/wiki/Jivanmukta" title="Jivanmukta">Jivanmukta</a></i>, states the text, and is characterized by one who is untouched whether joy or grief befalls him, doesn't get angry at anyone or anything, neither is mean to anyone nor fears anyone, is free from desire and non-desire, is introverted and likes his own company, is silent and without arrogance, acts without envy or agitation, is detached and functions without cravings, is quiet and calm, active and full in spirit.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000द्वितीयोऽध्यायः_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000द्वितीयोऽध्यायः-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is self-restrained, driven by inquiry, in company of good people, studies the <a href="/wiki/Shastra" title="Shastra">Shastras</a>, asks, "Who am I? How did <a href="/wiki/Samsara" class="mw-redirect" title="Samsara">Samsara</a> develop?"<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000चतुर्थोऽध्यायः_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000चतुर्थोऽध्यायः-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The drink of immortality for him, states the Upanishad, is his delight in the Self (soul, <a href="/wiki/Atman_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atman (Hinduism)">Atman</a>), experiencing the joy of his own inner awareness and nature.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000चतुर्थोऽध्यायः_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000चतुर्थोऽध्यायः-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glimpses_of_the_new_Parliament_Building,_in_New_Delhi_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Glimpses_of_the_new_Parliament_Building%2C_in_New_Delhi_%282%29.jpg/220px-Glimpses_of_the_new_Parliament_Building%2C_in_New_Delhi_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Glimpses_of_the_new_Parliament_Building%2C_in_New_Delhi_%282%29.jpg/330px-Glimpses_of_the_new_Parliament_Building%2C_in_New_Delhi_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Glimpses_of_the_new_Parliament_Building%2C_in_New_Delhi_%282%29.jpg/440px-Glimpses_of_the_new_Parliament_Building%2C_in_New_Delhi_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Vasudhaiva_Kutumbakam" title="Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam">"world is a family" verse</a> of <i>Maha Upanishad</i> is engraved in the entrance hall of the Parliament Of <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sshah449_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sshah449-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The Vishnu-focussed text is notable for describing <a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Trident" title="Trident">trident</a> holding one, states Deussen, who possesses beauty, truth, chastity, austerity, renunciation, intelligence and mastery.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997780_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997780-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Upanishad is oft-quoted ancient text for the credo, <i>"<a href="/wiki/Vasudhaiva_Kutumbakam" title="Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam">Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam</a>"</i> (Sanskrit: वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम्), or "the world constitutes but one family".<sup id="cite_ref-jeffreymoses12_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jeffreymoses12-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-robinseelan143_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-robinseelan143-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This verse of <i>Maha Upanishad</i> is engraved in the entrance hall of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_India" title="Parliament of India">parliament of India</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sshah449_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sshah449-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The text has been influential in the major Hindu literature that followed it. The popular <a href="/wiki/Bhagavata_Purana" title="Bhagavata Purana">Bhagavata Purana</a>, composed sometime between 500 CE and 1000 CE, the most translated of the <a href="/wiki/Purana" class="mw-redirect" title="Purana">Purana</a> genre of literature in Hinduism,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheridan19861–16_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESheridan19861–16-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for example, calls the <i>Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam</i> adage of the <i>Maha Upanishad</i>, as the "loftiest <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedantic</a> thought".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBadlani2008184_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBadlani2008184-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This adage, according to Chung Tan, influenced the Chinese culture and is an example of "dynamics of boundarylessness of a Himalaya Sphere phenomenon, viz. Chinese culture with Indian input".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETan201563_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETan201563-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maha_Upanishad&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atmabodha_Upanishad" title="Atmabodha Upanishad">Atmabodha Upanishad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maithili_Maha_Upanishad" title="Maithili Maha Upanishad">Maithili Maha Upanishad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Atharvashiras_Upanishad" title="Atharvashiras Upanishad">Atharvashiras Upanishad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Upanishad" title="Narayana Upanishad">Narayana Upanishad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nrisimha_Tapaniya_Upanishad" title="Nrisimha Tapaniya Upanishad">Nrisimha Tapaniya Upanishad</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maha_Upanishad&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeussen1997">Deussen 1997</a>, p. 799.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETinoco199689-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETinoco199689_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTinoco1996">Tinoco 1996</a>, p. 89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AG Krishna Warrier (1953), Maha Upanishad, Theosophical Society, Madras, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.advaita.it/library/mahaupanishad.htm">Online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997557,_561–567-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997557,_561–567_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeussen1997">Deussen 1997</a>, pp. 557, 561–567.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETinoco199687–89-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETinoco199687–89_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETinoco199687–89_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTinoco1996">Tinoco 1996</a>, pp. 87–89.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997566–567-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997566–567_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeussen1997">Deussen 1997</a>, pp. 566–567.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799–801-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799–801_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeussen1997">Deussen 1997</a>, pp. 799–801.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Max_Muller" class="mw-redirect" title="Max Muller">Max Muller</a>, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gAc-AAAAcAAJ">Alphabetisches Verzeichniss der Upanishads</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft: ZDMG, Volume 19, page 151</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHattangadi2000">Hattangadi 2000</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997779–782,_799–801-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997779–782,_799–801_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997779–782,_799–801_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997779–782,_799–801_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeussen1997">Deussen 1997</a>, pp. 779–782, 799–801.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jeffreymoses12-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jeffreymoses12_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jeffreymoses12_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jeffreymoses12_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeffrey Moses (2002), Oneness, Random House Publishing, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-345457633" title="Special:BookSources/0-345457633">0-345457633</a>, page 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-robinseelan143-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-robinseelan143_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-robinseelan143_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Robin Seelan (2015), Deconstructing Global Citizenship (Editors: Hassan Bashir and Phillips Gray), Routledge, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1498502580" title="Special:BookSources/978-1498502580">978-1498502580</a>, page 143</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BP Singh and <a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a> XIV Bstan-ʼdzin-rgya-mtsho (2008), Bahudhā and the Post 9/11 World, Oxford University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195693553" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195693553">978-0195693553</a>, page 51</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799_with_footnotes-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799_with_footnotes_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeussen1997">Deussen 1997</a>, pp. 799 with footnotes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vedic Literature, Volume 1, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2YIoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PAPA498">A Descriptive Catalogue of the Sanskrit Manuscripts</a></i>, p. PA498, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>, Government of Tamil Nadu, Madras, India, pages 291, 498–499</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997556–557-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997556–557_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeussen1997">Deussen 1997</a>, pp. 556–557.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997558–59-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997558–59_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeussen1997">Deussen 1997</a>, pp. 558–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997561-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997561_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeussen1997">Deussen 1997</a>, p. 561.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997564–65-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997564–65_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeussen1997">Deussen 1997</a>, pp. 564–65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997779,_799-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997779,_799_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeussen1997">Deussen 1997</a>, pp. 779, 799.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000षष्ठोऽध्यायः_७१-_७५,_Quote:_अयं_बन्धुरयं_नेति_गणना_लघुचेतसाम्_।_उदारचरितानां_तु_वसुधैव_कुटुम्बकम्_॥_भावाभावविनिर्मुक्तं_जरामरणवर्जितम्_।_प्रशान्तकलनारभ्यं_नीरागं_पदमाश्रय_॥_एषा_ब्राह्मी_स्थितिः_स्वच्छा_निष्कामा_विगतामया_।_आदाय_विहरन्नेवं_सङ्कटेषु_न_मुह्यति_॥_(...)-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000षष्ठोऽध्यायः_७१-_७५,_Quote:_अयं_बन्धुरयं_नेति_गणना_लघुचेतसाम्_।_उदारचरितानां_तु_वसुधैव_कुटुम्बकम्_॥_भावाभावविनिर्मुक्तं_जरामरणवर्जितम्_।_प्रशान्तकलनारभ्यं_नीरागं_पदमाश्रय_॥_एषा_ब्राह्मी_स्थितिः_स्वच्छा_निष्कामा_विगतामया_।_आदाय_विहरन्नेवं_सङ्कटेषु_न_मुह्यति_॥_(...)_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHattangadi2000">Hattangadi 2000</a>, p. षष्ठोऽध्यायः ७१- ७५, Quote: अयं बन्धुरयं नेति गणना लघुचेतसाम् । उदारचरितानां तु वसुधैव कुटुम्बकम् ॥ भावाभावविनिर्मुक्तं जरामरणवर्जितम् । प्रशान्तकलनारभ्यं नीरागं पदमाश्रय ॥ एषा ब्राह्मी स्थितिः स्वच्छा निष्कामा विगतामया । आदाय विहरन्नेवं सङ्कटेषु न मुह्यति ॥ (...).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799–781-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799–781_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799–781_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997799–781_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeussen1997">Deussen 1997</a>, pp. 799–781.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AG Krishna Warrier (1953), <i>Maha Upanishad</i>, Theosophical Society, Madras, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.advaita.it/library/mahaupanishad.htm">Online</a>, Verse II.1–11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000द्वितीयोऽध्यायः-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000द्वितीयोऽध्यायः_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000द्वितीयोऽध्यायः_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHattangadi2000">Hattangadi 2000</a>, p. द्वितीयोऽध्यायः.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AG Krishna Warrier (1953), <i>Maha Upanishad</i>, Theosophical Society, Madras, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.advaita.it/library/mahaupanishad.htm">Online</a>, Verse II.42–62</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AG Krishna Warrier (1953), <i>Maha Upanishad</i>, Theosophical Society, Madras, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.advaita.it/library/mahaupanishad.htm">Online</a>, Verse IV.1–24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000चतुर्थोऽध्यायः-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000चतुर्थोऽध्यायः_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHattangadi2000चतुर्थोऽध्यायः_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHattangadi2000">Hattangadi 2000</a>, p. चतुर्थोऽध्यायः.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AG Krishna Warrier (1953), <i>Maha Upanishad</i>, Theosophical Society, Madras, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.advaita.it/library/mahaupanishad.htm">Online</a>, Verses IV.34–39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sshah449-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sshah449_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sshah449_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">S Shah and V Ramamoorthy (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1_u7BAAAQBAJ&q=449&pg=PA449">Soulful Corporations</a>, Springer Science, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8132212744" title="Special:BookSources/978-8132212744">978-8132212744</a>, page 449</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997780-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDeussen1997780_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeussen1997">Deussen 1997</a>, p. 780.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">AG Krishna Warrier (1953), <i>Maha Upanishad</i>, Theosophical Society, Madras, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.advaita.it/library/mahaupanishad.htm">Online</a>, Verse VI.71–72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESheridan19861–16-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESheridan19861–16_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSheridan1986">Sheridan 1986</a>, pp. 1–16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBadlani2008184-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBadlani2008184_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBadlani2008">Badlani 2008</a>, p. 184.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETan201563-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETan201563_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTan2015">Tan 2015</a>, p. 63.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maha_Upanishad&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadlani2008" class="citation book cs1">Badlani, Hiro G. (September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VCdWXWk6nEcC"><i>Hinduism: Path of the Ancient Wisdom</i></a>. iUniverse. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-595-70183-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-595-70183-4"><bdi>978-0-595-70183-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hinduism%3A+Path+of+the+Ancient+Wisdom&rft.pub=iUniverse&rft.date=2008-09&rft.isbn=978-0-595-70183-4&rft.aulast=Badlani&rft.aufirst=Hiro+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVCdWXWk6nEcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaha+Upanishad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeussen1997" class="citation book cs1">Deussen, Paul (1 January 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XYepeIGUY0gC&pg=PA665"><i>Sixty Upanishads of the Veda</i></a>. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1467-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-208-1467-7"><bdi>978-81-208-1467-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sixty+Upanishads+of+the+Veda&rft.pub=Motilal+Banarsidass+Publishers&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-208-1467-7&rft.aulast=Deussen&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXYepeIGUY0gC%26pg%3DPA665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaha+Upanishad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeussen2010" class="citation book cs1">Deussen, Paul (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=k_Bea7AXHY4C&pg=PA26"><i>The Philosophy of the Upanishads</i></a>. Oxford University Press (Reprinted by Cosimo). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61640-239-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61640-239-6"><bdi>978-1-61640-239-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Philosophy+of+the+Upanishads&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+%28Reprinted+by+Cosimo%29&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-61640-239-6&rft.aulast=Deussen&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk_Bea7AXHY4C%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaha+Upanishad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHattangadi2000" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hattangadi, Sunder (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sanskritdocuments.org/doc_upanishhat/maha.pdf">"महोपनिषत् (<i>Maha Upanishad</i>)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Sanskrit)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D+%28Maha+Upanishad%29&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Hattangadi&rft.aufirst=Sunder&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsanskritdocuments.org%2Fdoc_upanishhat%2Fmaha.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaha+Upanishad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheridan1986" class="citation book cs1">Sheridan, Daniel (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qrtYYTjYFY8C"><i>The Advaitic Theism of the Bhāgavata Purāṇa</i></a>. Columbia: South Asia Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-208-0179-2" title="Special:BookSources/81-208-0179-2"><bdi>81-208-0179-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Advaitic+Theism+of+the+Bh%C4%81gavata+Pur%C4%81%E1%B9%87a&rft.place=Columbia&rft.pub=South+Asia+Books&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=81-208-0179-2&rft.aulast=Sheridan&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqrtYYTjYFY8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaha+Upanishad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTan2015" class="citation book cs1">Tan, Chung (1 January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gjm6CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA63"><i>Himalaya Calling</i></a>. World Scientific. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-938134-60-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-938134-60-9"><bdi>978-1-938134-60-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Himalaya+Calling&rft.pub=World+Scientific&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-938134-60-9&rft.aulast=Tan&rft.aufirst=Chung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGjm6CgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaha+Upanishad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTinoco1996" class="citation book cs1">Tinoco, Carlos Alberto (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7xoNEM63hZEC&pg=PA89"><i>Upanishads</i></a>. IBRASA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-85-348-0040-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-85-348-0040-2"><bdi>978-85-348-0040-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Upanishads&rft.pub=IBRASA&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-85-348-0040-2&rft.aulast=Tinoco&rft.aufirst=Carlos+Alberto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7xoNEM63hZEC%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaha+Upanishad" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output 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<li><a href="/wiki/Karma" title="Karma">Karma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%E1%B9%83s%C4%81ra" title="Saṃsāra">Saṃsāra</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puru%E1%B9%A3%C4%81rtha" title="Puruṣārtha">Puruṣārthas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dharma" title="Dharma">Dharma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artha" title="Artha">Artha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kama" title="Kama">Kama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">Moksha</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_in_religion#Hindu_ethics" title="Ethics in religion">Niti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahimsa" title="Ahimsa">Ahimsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achourya" title="Achourya">Asteya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aparigraha" class="mw-redirect" title="Aparigraha">Aparigraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacarya" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmacarya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya" title="Satya">Satya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%81na" title="Dāna">Dāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperance_(virtue)#Hinduism" title="Temperance (virtue)">Damah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compassion#Hinduism" title="Compassion">Dayā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akrodha" title="Akrodha">Akrodha</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_philosophy" title="Hindu philosophy">Schools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Āstika</a>: <a href="/wiki/Samkhya" title="Samkhya">Samkhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyaya" title="Nyaya">Nyaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisheshika" title="Vaisheshika">Vaisheshika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%ABm%C4%81%E1%B9%83s%C4%81" title="Mīmāṃsā">Mīmāṃsā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dvaita_Vedanta" title="Dvaita Vedanta">Dvaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Advaita_Vedanta" title="Advaita Vedanta">Advaita</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vishishtadvaita" title="Vishishtadvaita">Vishishtadvaita</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%80stika_and_n%C4%81stika" title="Āstika and nāstika">Nāstika</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charvaka" title="Charvaka">Charvaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Hindu "Om" symbol"><img alt="Hindu "Om" symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg/100px-Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg/150px-Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg/200px-Aum_Om_navy_blue_circle_hollow_coral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="507" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_texts" title="Hindu texts">Texts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Aruti" title="Śruti">Śruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Smṛti">Smṛti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vedas" title="Vedas">Vedas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rigveda" title="Rigveda">Rigveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajurveda" title="Yajurveda">Yajurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaveda" title="Samaveda">Samaveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvaveda" title="Atharvaveda">Atharvaveda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vedic_chant" title="Vedic chant">Samhita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmana" title="Brahmana">Brahmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aranyaka" title="Aranyaka">Aranyaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aitareya_Upanishad" title="Aitareya Upanishad">Aitareya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaushitaki_Upanishad" title="Kaushitaki Upanishad">Kaushitaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihadaranyaka_Upanishad" title="Brihadaranyaka Upanishad">Brihadaranyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isha_Upanishad" title="Isha Upanishad">Isha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taittiriya_Upanishad" title="Taittiriya Upanishad">Taittiriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katha_Upanishad" title="Katha Upanishad">Katha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitrayaniya_Upanishad" title="Maitrayaniya Upanishad">Maitrayaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shvetashvatara_Upanishad" title="Shvetashvatara Upanishad">Shvetashvatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandogya_Upanishad" title="Chandogya Upanishad">Chandogya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kena_Upanishad" title="Kena Upanishad">Kena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundaka_Upanishad" title="Mundaka Upanishad">Mundaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandukya_Upanishad" title="Mandukya Upanishad">Mandukya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prashna_Upanishad" title="Prashna Upanishad">Prashna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Upaveda" class="mw-redirect" title="Upaveda">Upavedas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_martial_arts" title="Indian martial arts">Dhanurveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natya_Shastra" title="Natya Shastra">Natyaveda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple_architecture" title="Hindu temple architecture">Sthapatyaveda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Vedanga" title="Vedanga">Vedanga</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shiksha" title="Shiksha">Shiksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_prosody" title="Sanskrit prosody">Chandas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vy%C4%81kara%E1%B9%87a" title="Vyākaraṇa">Vyākaraṇa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirukta" title="Nirukta">Nirukta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpa_(Vedanga)" title="Kalpa (Vedanga)">Kalpa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jyotisha" class="mw-redirect" title="Jyotisha">Jyotisha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_texts" title="List of Hindu texts">Other</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhagavad_Gita" title="Bhagavad Gita">Bhagavad Gita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agama_(Hinduism)" title="Agama (Hinduism)">Agamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itihasa-Purana" title="Itihasa-Purana">Itihasas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramayana" title="Ramayana">Ramayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahabharata" title="Mahabharata">Mahabharata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puranas" title="Puranas">Puranas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanishads#Classification" title="Upanishads">Minor Upanishads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthashastra" title="Arthashastra">Arthashastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitisara" title="Nitisara">Nitisara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra" title="Dharmaśāstra">Dharmaśāstra</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manusmriti" title="Manusmriti">Manusmriti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81radasm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Nāradasmṛti">Nāradasmṛti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C4%81j%C3%B1avalkya_Sm%E1%B9%9Bti" title="Yājñavalkya Smṛti">Yājñavalkya Smṛti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutra" title="Sutra">Sutras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stotra" title="Stotra">Stotras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subhashita" title="Subhashita">Subhashita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantras_(Hinduism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantras (Hinduism)">Tantras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Vasistha" title="Yoga Vasistha">Yoga Vasistha</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoga_Sutras_of_Patanjali" title="Yoga Sutras of Patanjali">Yoga Sutras of Patanjali</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sangam_literature" title="Sangam literature">Sangam literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tirumurai" title="Tirumurai">Tirumurai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divya_Prabandham" class="mw-redirect" title="Divya Prabandham">Divya Prabandham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirumuruk%C4%81%E1%B9%9F%E1%B9%9Fuppa%E1%B9%ADai" title="Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai">Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruppugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Thiruppugal">Thiruppugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirukkural" class="mw-redirect" title="Thirukkural">Thirukkural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamba_Ramayanam" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamba Ramayanam">Kamba Ramayanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Great_Epics" title="Five Great Epics">Five Great Epics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Greater_Texts" title="Eighteen Greater Texts">Eighteen Greater Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteen_Lesser_Texts" title="Eighteen Lesser Texts">Eighteen Lesser Texts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athichudi" title="Athichudi">Athichudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraiyanar_Akapporul" title="Iraiyanar Akapporul">Iraiyanar Akapporul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abhirami_Antati" class="mw-redirect" title="Abhirami Antati">Abhirami Antati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiruvilaiyadal_Puranam" title="Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam">Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinayagar_Agaval" title="Vinayagar Agaval">Vinayagar Agaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vedarthasamgraha" title="Vedarthasamgraha">Vedarthasamgraha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hindu_deities" title="Hindu deities">Deities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Deva_(Hinduism)" title="Deva (Hinduism)">Gods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trimurti" title="Trimurti">Trimurti</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahma" title="Brahma">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishnu" title="Vishnu">Vishnu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiva" title="Shiva">Shiva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni" title="Agni">Agni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dattatreya" title="Dattatreya">Dattatreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesha" title="Ganesha">Ganesha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanuman" title="Hanuman">Hanuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indra" title="Indra">Indra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartikeya" title="Kartikeya">Kartikeya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna" title="Krishna">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama" title="Rama">Rama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya" title="Surya">Surya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varuna" title="Varuna">Varuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vayu" title="Vayu">Vayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_gods" title="Category:Hindu gods"><i>more</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Devi" title="Devi">Goddesses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tridevi" title="Tridevi">Tridevi</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saraswati" title="Saraswati">Saraswati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakshmi" title="Lakshmi">Lakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parvati" title="Parvati">Parvati</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumi_(goddess)" title="Bhumi (goddess)">Bhumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali" title="Kali">Kali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavidya" title="Mahavidya">Mahavidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrika" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrika">Matrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radha" title="Radha">Radha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rukmini" title="Rukmini">Rukmini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati_(Hindu_goddess)" title="Sati (Hindu goddess)">Sati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakti" title="Shakti">Shakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shashthi" title="Shashthi">Shashthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita" title="Sita">Sita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hindu_goddesses" title="Category:Hindu goddesses"><i>more</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%">Practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Worship_in_Hinduism" title="Worship in Hinduism">Worship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple" title="Hindu temple">Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murti" title="Murti">Murti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puja_(Hinduism)" title="Puja (Hinduism)">Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhakti" title="Bhakti">Bhakti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japa" title="Japa">Japa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhajan" title="Bhajan">Bhajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naivedhya" class="mw-redirect" title="Naivedhya">Naivedhya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajna" title="Yajna">Yajna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homa_(ritual)" title="Homa (ritual)">Homa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapas_(Indian_religions)" title="Tapas (Indian religions)">Tapas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhy%C4%81na_in_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhyāna in Hinduism">Dhyāna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites in India">Tirthatana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Sanskara_(rite_of_passage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskara (rite of passage)">Sanskaras</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garbhadhana" title="Garbhadhana">Garbhadhana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana" title="Pumsavana">Pumsavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumsavana_Simantonayana" title="Pumsavana Simantonayana">Simantonayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatakarma" title="Jatakarma">Jatakarma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C4%81makara%E1%B9%87a" title="Nāmakaraṇa">Namakarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nishkramana" title="Nishkramana">Nishkramana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annaprashana" title="Annaprashana">Annaprashana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chudakarana" title="Chudakarana">Chudakarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karnavedha" title="Karnavedha">Karnavedha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidy%C4%81ra%E1%B9%83bha%E1%B9%83" title="Vidyāraṃbhaṃ">Vidyarambha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upanayana" title="Upanayana">Upanayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshanta" title="Keshanta">Keshanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritu_Kala_Samskaram" title="Ritu Kala Samskaram">Ritushuddhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samavartanam" title="Samavartanam">Samavartanam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivaah" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivaah">Vivaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antyesti" title="Antyesti">Antyeshti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Varnashrama</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Varna_(Hinduism)" title="Varna (Hinduism)">Varna</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmin" title="Brahmin">Brahmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshatriya" title="Kshatriya">Kshatriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaishya" title="Vaishya">Vaishya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shudra" title="Shudra">Shudra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashrama_(stage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashrama (stage)">Ashrama</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brahmacarya" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmacarya">Brahmacharya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grihastha" class="mw-redirect" title="Grihastha">Grihastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanaprastha" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanaprastha">Vanaprastha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sannyasa" title="Sannyasa">Sannyasa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_festivals" title="List of Hindu festivals">Festivals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diwali" title="Diwali">Diwali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holi" title="Holi">Holi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maha_Shivaratri" title="Maha Shivaratri">Shivaratri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raksha_Bandhan" title="Raksha Bandhan">Raksha Bandhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navaratri" title="Navaratri">Navaratri</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Durga_Puja" title="Durga Puja">Durga Puja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramlila" title="Ramlila">Ramlila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vijayadashami" title="Vijayadashami">Vijayadashami</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganesh_Chaturthi" title="Ganesh Chaturthi">Ganesh Chaturthi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Navami" title="Rama Navami">Rama Navami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Janmashtami" title="Krishna Janmashtami">Janmashtami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onam" title="Onam">Onam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pongal_(festival)" title="Pongal (festival)">Pongal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makar_Sankranti" title="Makar Sankranti">Makar Sankranti</a></li> <li>New Year <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bihu" title="Bihu">Bihu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudi_Padwa" title="Gudi Padwa">Gudi Padwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pahela_Baishakh" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahela Baishakh">Pahela Baishakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puthandu" title="Puthandu">Puthandu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaisakhi" title="Vaisakhi">Vaisakhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishu" title="Vishu">Vishu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugadi" title="Ugadi">Ugadi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumbh_Mela" title="Kumbh Mela">Kumbh Mela</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haridwar_Kumbh_Mela" title="Haridwar Kumbh Mela">Haridwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashik-Trimbakeshwar_Simhastha" title="Nashik-Trimbakeshwar Simhastha">Nashik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayag_Kumbh_Mela" title="Prayag Kumbh Mela">Prayag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ujjain_Simhastha" title="Ujjain Simhastha">Ujjain</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ratha_Yatra_(Puri)" title="Ratha Yatra (Puri)">Ratha Yatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teej" title="Teej">Teej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasant_Panchami" title="Vasant Panchami">Vasant Panchami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Hindu_festivals" title="Template:Hindu festivals">Others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#FFC569;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sv%C4%81dhy%C4%81ya" title="Svādhyāya">Svādhyāya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namaste" title="Namaste">Namaste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bindi_(decoration)" title="Bindi (decoration)">Bindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilaka" title="Tilaka">Tilaka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFC569;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Related</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindus" title="Hindus">Hindus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindus#Etymology" title="Hindus">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Hindus" title="Lists of Hindus">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_denominations" title="Hindu denominations">Denominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_law" title="Hindu law">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Calendar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Anti-Hindu sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Hinduism" title="Criticism of Hinduism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_gurus_and_sants" title="List of Hindu gurus and sants">Hindu gurus and sants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_studies" title="Hindu studies">Hindu studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_iconography" title="Hindu iconography">Iconography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_mythology" title="Hindu mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Nationalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites">Pilgrimage sites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_pilgrimage_sites_in_India" title="Hindu pilgrimage sites in India">India</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_other_religions" title="Hinduism and other religions">Relations with other religions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_and_Hinduism" title="Baháʼí Faith and Hinduism">Baháʼí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_and_Hinduism" title="Buddhism and Hinduism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu%E2%80%93Islamic_relations" title="Hindu–Islamic relations">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jainism_and_Hinduism" class="mw-redirect" title="Jainism and Hinduism">Jainism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Judaism" title="Hinduism and Judaism">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Sikhism" title="Hinduism and Sikhism">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Theosophy" title="Hinduism and Theosophy">Theosophy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Hinduism_terms" title="Glossary of Hinduism terms">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_by_country" title="Hinduism by country">Hinduism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temples" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu temples">Hindu temples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_temples" title="List of Hindu temples">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindu_temple_architecture" title="Hindu temple architecture">Architecture</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#FFC569;;font-weight:bold;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Outline"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/10px-Global_thinking.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/15px-Global_thinking.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Global_thinking.svg/21px-Global_thinking.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Hinduism" title="Outline of Hinduism">Outline</a><br /> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Hinduism" title="Category:Hinduism">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Hinduism" title="Portal:Hinduism">Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Hinduism" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Hinduism">WikiProject</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="16px_The_108_Upanishads" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFC66C;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mukhya_Upanishads" title="Template:Mukhya Upanishads"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mukhya_Upanishads" title="Template talk:Mukhya Upanishads"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mukhya_Upanishads" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mukhya Upanishads"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="16px_The_108_Upanishads" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aum_Om_red_dark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Aum_Om_red_dark.svg/16px-Aum_Om_red_dark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Aum_Om_red_dark.svg/24px-Aum_Om_red_dark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Aum_Om_red_dark.svg/32px-Aum_Om_red_dark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="356" data-file-height="367" /></a></span> The 108 <a href="/wiki/Upanishads" title="Upanishads">Upanishads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isha_Upanishad" title="Isha Upanishad">Isha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kena_Upanishad" title="Kena Upanishad">Kena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katha_Upanishad" title="Katha Upanishad">Katha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prashna_Upanishad" title="Prashna Upanishad">Prashna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundaka_Upanishad" title="Mundaka Upanishad">Mundaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandukya_Upanishad" title="Mandukya Upanishad">Mandukya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taittiriya_Upanishad" title="Taittiriya Upanishad">Taittiriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aitareya_Upanishad" title="Aitareya Upanishad">Aitareya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandogya_Upanishad" title="Chandogya Upanishad">Chandogya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihadaranyaka_Upanishad" title="Brihadaranyaka Upanishad">Brihadaranyaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahma_Upanishad" title="Brahma Upanishad">Brahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaivalya_Upanishad" title="Kaivalya Upanishad">Kaivalya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabala_Upanishad" title="Jabala Upanishad">Jabala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shvetashvatara_Upanishad" title="Shvetashvatara Upanishad">Shvetashvatara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamsopanishad" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamsopanishad">Hamsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruneya_Upanishad" title="Aruneya Upanishad">Aruneya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garbha_Upanishad" title="Garbha Upanishad">Garbha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narayana_Upanishad" title="Narayana Upanishad">Narayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahamsa_Upanishad" title="Paramahamsa Upanishad">Paramahamsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amritabindu_Upanishad" title="Amritabindu Upanishad">Amritabindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amritanada_Upanishad" class="mw-redirect" title="Amritanada Upanishad">Amritanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvashiras_Upanishad" title="Atharvashiras Upanishad">Atharvashiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atharvashikha_Upanishad" title="Atharvashikha Upanishad">Atharvashikha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitrayaniya_Upanishad" title="Maitrayaniya Upanishad">Maitrayaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaushitaki_Upanishad" title="Kaushitaki Upanishad">Kaushitaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihajjabala_Upanishad" title="Brihajjabala Upanishad">Brihajjabala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nrisimha_Tapaniya_Upanishad" title="Nrisimha Tapaniya Upanishad">Nrisimha Tapaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalagni_Rudra_Upanishad" title="Kalagni Rudra Upanishad">Kalagni Rudra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maitreya_Upanishad" title="Maitreya Upanishad">Maitreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subala_Upanishad" title="Subala Upanishad">Subala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kshurika_Upanishad" title="Kshurika Upanishad">Kshurika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mantrika_Upanishad" title="Mantrika Upanishad">Mantrika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarvasara_Upanishad" title="Sarvasara Upanishad">Sarvasara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niralamba_Upanishad" title="Niralamba Upanishad">Niralamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shukarahasya_Upanishad" title="Shukarahasya Upanishad">Shukarahasya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vajrasuchi_Upanishad" title="Vajrasuchi Upanishad">Vajrasuchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejobindu_Upanishad" title="Tejobindu Upanishad">Tejobindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nada_Bindu_Upanishad" class="mw-redirect" title="Nada Bindu Upanishad">Nadabindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhyanabindu_Upanishad" title="Dhyanabindu Upanishad">Dhyanabindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brahmavidya_Upanishad" title="Brahmavidya Upanishad">Brahmavidya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogatattva_Upanishad" title="Yogatattva Upanishad">Yogatattva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmabodha_Upanishad" title="Atmabodha Upanishad">Atmabodha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naradaparivrajaka_Upanishad" title="Naradaparivrajaka Upanishad">Naradaparivrajaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trishikhibrahmana_Upanishad" title="Trishikhibrahmana Upanishad">Trishikhi-brahmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sita_Upanishad" title="Sita Upanishad">Sita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogachudamani_Upanishad" title="Yogachudamani Upanishad">Yogachudamani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirvana_Upanishad" title="Nirvana Upanishad">Nirvana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandala-brahmana_Upanishad" title="Mandala-brahmana Upanishad">Mandala-brahmana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakshinamurti_Upanishad" title="Dakshinamurti Upanishad">Dakshinamurti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharabha_Upanishad" title="Sharabha Upanishad">Sharabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skanda_Upanishad" title="Skanda Upanishad">Skanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanarayana_Upanishad" title="Mahanarayana Upanishad">Mahanarayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advayataraka_Upanishad" title="Advayataraka Upanishad">Advayataraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Rahasya_Upanishad" title="Rama Rahasya Upanishad">Rama Rahasya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_tapaniya_Upanishad" title="Rama tapaniya Upanishad">Ramatapaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasudeva_Upanishad" title="Vasudeva Upanishad">Vasudeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudgala_Upanishad" title="Mudgala Upanishad">Mudgala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shandilya_Upanishad" title="Shandilya Upanishad">Shandilya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paingala_Upanishad" title="Paingala Upanishad">Paingala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhikshuka_Upanishad" title="Bhikshuka Upanishad">Bhikshuka</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sariraka_Upanishad" title="Sariraka Upanishad">Sariraka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogashikha_Upanishad" title="Yogashikha Upanishad">Yogashikha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turiyatitavadhuta_Upanishad" title="Turiyatitavadhuta Upanishad">Turiyatita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brihat-Sannyasa_Upanishad" title="Brihat-Sannyasa Upanishad">Sannyasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramahamsa_Parivrajaka_Upanishad" title="Paramahamsa Parivrajaka Upanishad">Paramahamsaparivrajaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshamalika_Upanishad" title="Akshamalika Upanishad">Akshamalika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avyakta_Upanishad" title="Avyakta Upanishad">Avyakta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekakshara_Upanishad" title="Ekakshara Upanishad">Ekakshara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annapurna_Upanishad" title="Annapurna Upanishad">Annapurna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surya_Upanishad" title="Surya Upanishad">Surya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akshi_Upanishad" title="Akshi Upanishad">Akshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adhyatma_Upanishad" title="Adhyatma Upanishad">Adhyatma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kundika_Upanishad" title="Kundika Upanishad">Kundika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savitri_Upanishad" title="Savitri Upanishad">Savitri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atma_Upanishad" title="Atma Upanishad">Atma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashupatabrahma_Upanishad" title="Pashupatabrahma Upanishad">Pashupatabrahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parabrahma_Upanishad" title="Parabrahma Upanishad">Parabrahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avadhutaka_Upanishad" title="Avadhutaka Upanishad">Avadhuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuratapini_Upanishad" title="Tripuratapini Upanishad">Tripuratapini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devi_Upanishad" title="Devi Upanishad">Devi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripura_Upanishad" title="Tripura Upanishad">Tripura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathashruti_Upanishad" title="Kathashruti Upanishad">Kathashruti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhavana_Upanishad" title="Bhavana Upanishad">Bhavana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudrahridaya_Upanishad" title="Rudrahridaya Upanishad">Rudrahridaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga-Kundalini_Upanishad" class="mw-redirect" title="Yoga-Kundalini Upanishad">Yoga-Kundalini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhasmajabala_Upanishad" title="Bhasmajabala Upanishad">Bhasma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudrakshajabala_Upanishad" title="Rudrakshajabala Upanishad">Rudraksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganapati_Atharvashirsa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganapati Atharvashirsa">Ganapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darshana_Upanishad" title="Darshana Upanishad">Darshana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarasara_Upanishad" title="Tarasara Upanishad">Tarasara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahavakya_Upanishad" title="Mahavakya Upanishad">Mahavakya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancabrahma_Upanishad" title="Pancabrahma Upanishad">Pancabrahma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pranagnihotra_Upanishad" title="Pranagnihotra Upanishad">Pranagnihotra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gopala_Tapani_Upanishad" title="Gopala Tapani Upanishad">Gopala-Tapani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krishna_Upanishad" title="Krishna Upanishad">Krishna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yajnavalkya_Upanishad" title="Yajnavalkya Upanishad">Yajnavalkya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varaha_Upanishad" title="Varaha Upanishad">Varaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatyayaniya_Upanishad" title="Shatyayaniya Upanishad">Shatyayaniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayagriva_Upanishad" title="Hayagriva Upanishad">Hayagriva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dattatreya_Upanishad" title="Dattatreya Upanishad">Dattatreya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garuda_Upanishad" title="Garuda Upanishad">Garuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kali-Sa%E1%B9%87%E1%B9%AD%C4%81ra%E1%B9%87a_Upani%E1%B9%A3ad" title="Kali-Saṇṭāraṇa Upaniṣad">Kali-Santarana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabali_Upanishad" title="Jabali Upanishad">Jabali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saubhagyalakshmi_Upanishad" title="Saubhagyalakshmi Upanishad">Saubhagyalakshmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarasvati-rahasya_Upanishad" title="Sarasvati-rahasya Upanishad">Sarasvati-rahasya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahvricha_Upanishad" title="Bahvricha Upanishad">Bahvricha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muktik%C4%81" title="Muktikā">Muktikā</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maha_Upanishad&oldid=1255866436">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maha_Upanishad&oldid=1255866436</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Upanishads" 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