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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Physical_chemistry_of_water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_chemistry_of_water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Physical chemistry of water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_chemistry_of_water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses_of_water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses_of_water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Uses of water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses_of_water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dihydrogen_monoxide_parody" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dihydrogen_monoxide_parody"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Dihydrogen monoxide parody</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dihydrogen_monoxide_parody-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origin_of_the_Earth's_water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_of_the_Earth's_water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Origin of the Earth's water</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Origin_of_the_Earth's_water-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Origin of the Earth's water subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Origin_of_the_Earth's_water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_weirdness_of_water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_weirdness_of_water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>The weirdness of water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_weirdness_of_water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_in_the_universe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_in_the_universe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Water in the universe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_in_the_universe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origin_of_water_on_Earth:_possibilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin_of_water_on_Earth:_possibilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Origin of water on Earth: possibilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_of_water_on_Earth:_possibilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_vapor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_vapor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Water vapor</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_vapor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liquid_water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liquid_water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Liquid water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liquid_water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Frozen_water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frozen_water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Frozen water</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frozen_water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Related pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Related_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Other websites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Water</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 271 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-271" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">271 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water" title="Water – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Water" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasser" title="Wasser – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Wasser" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%8D%E1%88%83" title="ውሃ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ውሃ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%A6ter" title="Wæter – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Wæter" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D3%A1%D1%8B" title="Аӡы – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аӡы" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="ماء – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ماء" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augua" title="Augua – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Augua" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܡܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80" title="Ջուր – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ջուր" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%C3%A2" title="Apâ – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Apâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="পানী – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="পানী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agua" title="Agua – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Agua" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipi" title="Nipi – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Nipi" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="पानी – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पानी" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y" title="Y – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Y" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8A%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Лъим – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Лъим" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uma" title="Uma – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Uma" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su" title="Su – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Su" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88" title="سو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toya" title="Toya – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Toya" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji" title="Ji – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Ji" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="পানি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পানি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banyu" title="Banyu – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Banyu" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BAi" title="Chúi – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chúi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banyu" title="Banyu – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Banyu" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D1%8B%D1%83" title="Һыу – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һыу" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вада – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вада" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вада – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Вада" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="पानी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पानी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubig" title="Tubig – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tubig" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wota" title="Wota – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Wota" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вода" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wossa" title="Wossa – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Wossa" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8D" title="ཆུ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཆུ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voda" title="Voda – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Voda" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dour" title="Dour – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dour" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Уһан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Уһан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aigua" title="Aigua – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Aigua" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Шыв – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Шыв" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubig" title="Tubig – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tubig" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voda" title="Voda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Voda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5nom" title="Hånom – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Hånom" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agwa" title="Agwa – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Agwa" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mvura" title="Mvura – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mvura" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acqua" title="Acqua – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Acqua" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%B5r" title="Dŵr – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dŵr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vand" title="Vand – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Vand" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7" title="ما – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ما" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%A1hci" title="Čáhci – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Čáhci" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasser" title="Wasser – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Wasser" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasser" title="Wasser – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wasser" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8A%DE%AC%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ފެން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ފެން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3" title="Tó – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tó" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B3da" title="Wóda – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Wóda" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF" title="पानि – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="पानि" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesi" title="Vesi – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vesi" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%8C" title="Νερό – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νερό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua" title="Aqua – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Aqua" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water" title="Water – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Water" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Ведь – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ведь" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agua" title="Agua – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Agua" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akvo" title="Akvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Akvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agua" title="Agua – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Agua" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ur" title="Ur – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ur" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%A8" title="آب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paani" title="Paani – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Paani" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatn" title="Vatn – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Vatn" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eau" title="Eau – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Eau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetter" title="Wetter – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wetter" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndiyam" title="Ndiyam – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Ndiyam" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aghe" title="Aghe – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Aghe" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uisce" title="Uisce – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Uisce" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ushtey" title="Ushtey – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ushtey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uisge" title="Uisge – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Uisge" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auga" title="Auga – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Auga" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Хий – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Хий" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="水" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maa%C4%A9" title="Maaĩ – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Maaĩ" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%88" title="آو – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="آو" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A3%E0%AB%80" title="પાણી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પાણી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%89" title="𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍉" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95" title="उदक – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="उदक" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAi" title="Súi – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Súi" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%BC" title="물 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwa" title="Ruwa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ruwa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80" title="Ջուր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջուր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2" title="जल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woda" title="Woda – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Woda" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voda" title="Voda – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Voda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquo" title="Aquo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Aquo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mmiri" title="Mmiri – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Mmiri" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danum" title="Danum – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Danum" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air" title="Air – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Air" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua" title="Aqua – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Aqua" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua" title="Aqua – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Aqua" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%83%E1%92%AA%E1%96%85" title="ᐃᒪᖅ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐃᒪᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Дон – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Дон" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanzi" title="Amanzi – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Amanzi" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amanzi" title="Amanzi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Amanzi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatn" title="Vatn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Vatn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acqua" title="Acqua – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Acqua" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banyu" title="Banyu – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Banyu" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C9%A9m" title="Lɩm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Lɩm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ನೀರು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನೀರು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danum" title="Danum – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Danum" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="წყალი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წყალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A0_%DB%8C%D8%A7_%D8%A2%D8%A8" title="پونؠ یا آب – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="پونؠ یا آب" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83" title="Су – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Су" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowr" title="Dowr – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Dowr" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazi" title="Amazi – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Amazi" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maji" title="Maji – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Maji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maza" title="Maza – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Maza" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dlo" title="Dlo – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Dlo" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilo" title="Dilo – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Dilo" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Av" title="Av – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Av" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D1%83" title="Суу – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Суу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88ga" title="Èga – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Èga" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agua" title="Agua – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Agua" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%89%E0%BB%8D%E0%BA%B2" title="ນ້ໍາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ນ້ໍາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iudi%C5%86s" title="Iudiņs – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Iudiņs" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua" title="Aqua – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aqua" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%AAdens" title="Ūdens – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ūdens" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waasser" title="Waasser – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Waasser" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%B4" title="Яд – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Яд" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanduo" title="Vanduo – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vanduo" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86goa" title="Ægoa – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Ægoa" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water" title="Water – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Water" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A1i" title="Mái – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mái" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acua" title="Acua – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Acua" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vezi" title="Vezi – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Vezi" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/djacu" title="djacu – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="djacu" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazzi" title="Amazzi – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Amazzi" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqua" title="Aqua – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Aqua" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADz" title="Víz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Víz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="पानी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="पानी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вода" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rano" title="Rano – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Rano" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82" title="ജലം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജലം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wai" title="Wai – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Wai" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="पाणी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पाणी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="წყარი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="წყარი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87" title="ميه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ميه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D9%88" title="ئو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ئو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air" title="Air – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Air" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1" title="ꯏꯁꯤꯡ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯁꯤꯡ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aia" title="Aia – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Aia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C5%ABi" title="Cūi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cūi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auga" title="Auga – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Auga" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Ведь – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ведь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81" title="Ус – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ус" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1" title="ရေ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရေ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atl" title="Atl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Atl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wai" title="Wai – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Wai" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water" title="Water – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Water" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woater" title="Woater – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Woater" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="पानी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पानी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%83" title="लः – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लः" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="水" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acqua" title="Acqua – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Acqua" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%96%DF%8C" title="ߖߌ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߖߌ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8" title="Хи – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weeder" title="Weeder – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Weeder" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worta" title="Worta – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Worta" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vann" title="Vann – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vann" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatn" title="Vatn – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vatn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieau" title="Ieau – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Ieau" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiga" title="Aiga – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Aiga" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%B3" title="ଜଳ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଜଳ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishaan" title="Bishaan – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Bishaan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suv" title="Suv – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Suv" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80" title="ਪਾਣੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਾਣੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasser" title="Wasser – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Wasser" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanum" title="Nanum – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Nanum" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DD%A8%DB%8C" title="پاݨی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پاݨی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awa" title="Awa – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Awa" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%87" title="اوبه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اوبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waata" title="Waata – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Waata" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%80" title="ទឹក – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ទឹក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ieu" title="Ieu – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Ieu" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva" title="Eva – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Eva" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wara" title="Wara – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Wara" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water" title="Water – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Water" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woda" title="Woda – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Woda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81gua" title="Água – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Água" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suw" title="Suw – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Suw" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suv" title="Suv – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Suv" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasser" title="Wasser – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Wasser" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Apă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaku" title="Yaku – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yaku" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Вода" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вода" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%83" title="Уу – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Уу" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/nanum" title="nanum – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="nanum" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vai" title="Vai – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Vai" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="जलम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="जलम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9C" title="ᱫᱟᱜ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱫᱟᱜ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DD%A8%DB%8C" title="پاݨی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="پاݨی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aba" title="Aba – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Aba" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watter" title="Watter – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Watter" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qsiya" title="Qsiya – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Qsiya" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woater" title="Woater – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Woater" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metsi" title="Metsi – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Metsi" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uji" title="Uji – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Uji" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acqua_(v%C3%ACppita)" title="Acqua (vìppita) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Acqua (vìppita)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%BD%E0%B6%BA" title="ජලය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජලය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%BB%D9%8A" title="پاڻي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پاڻي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voda" title="Voda – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Voda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voda" title="Voda – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Voda" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Вода" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woda" title="Woda – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Woda" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyo" title="Biyo – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Biyo" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%88" title="ئاو – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئاو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Вода" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voda" title="Voda – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Voda" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cai" title="Cai – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Cai" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesi" title="Vesi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vesi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatten" title="Vatten – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vatten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubig" title="Tubig – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tubig" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="நீர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நீர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aman" title="Aman – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Aman" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aman" title="Aman – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aman" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83" title="Су – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Су" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%BC%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89" title="ၼမ်ႉ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၼမ်ႉ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%80%99sya" title="’sya – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="’sya" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81" title="నీరు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నీరు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3" title="น้ำ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="น้ำ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piu" title="Piu – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Piu" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1" title="Об – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Об" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vai" title="Vai – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Vai" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8E%B9" title="ᎠᎹ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᎹ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahpe" title="Mahpe – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Mahpe" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ನೀರ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ನೀರ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su" title="Su – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Su" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suw" title="Suw – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Suw" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nsuo" title="Nsuo – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Nsuo" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1sa%CC%B1khwot" title="A̱sa̱khwot – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱sa̱khwot" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%83" title="Ву – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Ву" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вода" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="پانی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پانی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%87" title="سۇ – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سۇ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raemx" title="Raemx – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Raemx" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80cua" title="Àcua – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Àcua" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vezi" title="Vezi – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vezi" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc" title="Nước – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nước" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vat" title="Vat – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Vat" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesi" title="Vesi – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vesi" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiwe_(tchimeye)" title="Aiwe (tchimeye) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Aiwe (tchimeye)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="水" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woater" title="Woater – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Woater" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubig" title="Tubig – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tubig" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndox" title="Ndox – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Ndox" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="水" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mati" title="Mati – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Mati" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="וואסער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="וואסער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omi" title="Omi – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Omi" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="水" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awe" title="Awe – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Awe" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ondou" title="Ondou – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Ondou" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4" title="水 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="水" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mun%CC%84" title="Mun̄ – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Mun̄" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aek" title="Aek – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Aek" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buek" title="Buek – West Coast Bajau" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Buek" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="West Coast Bajau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A8r" title="Aèr – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Aèr" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dga mw-list-item"><a href="https://dga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C9%94" title="Koɔ – Dagaare" lang="dga" hreflang="dga" data-title="Koɔ" data-language-autonym="Dagaare" data-language-local-name="Dagaare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagaare</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waig" title="Waig – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Waig" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fon mw-list-item"><a href="https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%ACn" title="Sìn – Fon" lang="fon" hreflang="fon" data-title="Sìn" data-language-autonym="Fɔ̀ngbè" data-language-local-name="Fon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fɔ̀ngbè</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ai" title="Ai – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Ai" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uwai" title="Uwai – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Uwai" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F" title="ⴰⵎⴰⵏ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵎⴰⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q283#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671799">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For water in its <a href="/wiki/Solid" title="Solid">solid state</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">ice</a>.</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9671799"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For water in its <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a> state, see <a href="/wiki/Water_vapour" class="mw-redirect" title="Water vapour">water vapour</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9828364">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox"> <caption>Water (<span class="chemf nowrap">H<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span>O</span>) </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:H2O_2D_labelled.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The water molecule has this basic geometric structure"><img alt="The water molecule has this basic geometric structure" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/H2O_2D_labelled.svg/150px-H2O_2D_labelled.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/H2O_2D_labelled.svg/225px-H2O_2D_labelled.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/H2O_2D_labelled.svg/300px-H2O_2D_labelled.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="borderless" style="text-align:center"> <table border="0" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border-right:1px solid #aaa;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Water-3D-balls.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Ball-and-stick model of a water molecule"><img alt="Ball-and-stick model of a water molecule" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Water-3D-balls.png/100px-Water-3D-balls.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Water-3D-balls.png/150px-Water-3D-balls.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Water-3D-balls.png/200px-Water-3D-balls.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="747" /></a><figcaption>Ball-and-stick model of a water molecule</figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Water_molecule_3D.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Space filling model of a water molecule"><img alt="Space filling model of a water molecule" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Water_molecule_3D.svg/100px-Water_molecule_3D.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Water_molecule_3D.svg/150px-Water_molecule_3D.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Water_molecule_3D.svg/200px-Water_molecule_3D.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="515" /></a><figcaption>Space filling model of a water molecule</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:2px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2006-02-13_Drop_before_impact.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A drop of water falling towards water in a glass"><img alt="A drop of water falling towards water in a glass" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/2006-02-13_Drop_before_impact.jpg/264px-2006-02-13_Drop_before_impact.jpg" decoding="async" width="264" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/2006-02-13_Drop_before_impact.jpg/396px-2006-02-13_Drop_before_impact.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/2006-02-13_Drop_before_impact.jpg/528px-2006-02-13_Drop_before_impact.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1516" data-file-height="752" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Names </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature" title="Chemical nomenclature">IUPAC name</a> <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">water, oxidane</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Other names <div style="max-width:22em; word-wrap:break-word; padding-left:1.7em;">Hydrogen hydroxide (HH or HOH), hydrogen oxide, dihydrogen monoxide (DHMO) (systematic name<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), hydrogen monoxide, dihydrogen oxide, hydric acid, hydrohydroxic acid, hydroxic acid, hydrol,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> μ-oxido dihydrogen, κ<sup>1</sup>-hydroxyl hydrogen(0)</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Identifiers </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></div> </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8662964">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>7732-18-5<sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">3D model (<a href="/w/index.php?title=JSmol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSmol (not yet started)">JSmol</a>)</div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="chemapps.stolaf.edu (3D interactive model)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chemapps.stolaf.edu/jmol/jmol.php?model=O">Interactive image</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beilstein_database" title="Beilstein database">Beilstein Reference</a> </td> <td>3587155 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ChEBI&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ChEBI (not yet started)">ChEBI</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=15377">CHEBI:15377</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ChEMBL&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ChEMBL (not yet started)">ChEMBL</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.ebi.ac.uk"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembldb/index.php/compound/inspect/ChEMBL1098659">ChEMBL1098659</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=ChemSpider&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ChemSpider (not yet started)">ChemSpider</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="www.chemspider.com"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.937.html">937</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/ECHA_InfoCard" class="mw-redirect" title="ECHA InfoCard"><span title="echa.europa.eu">ECHA InfoCard</span></a> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.028.902">100.028.902</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gmelin_database&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gmelin database (not yet started)">Gmelin Reference</a> </td> <td>117 </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=PubChem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PubChem (not yet started)">PubChem</a> <abbr title="Compound ID">CID</abbr></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/962">962</a></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=RTECS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTECS (not yet started)">RTECS number</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>ZC0110000</li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unique_Ingredient_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unique Ingredient Identifier (not yet started)">UNII</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="fdasis.nlm.nih.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdasis.nlm.nih.gov/srs/srsdirect.jsp?regno=059QF0KO0R">059QF0KO0R</a></span><sup> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span></sup></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CompTox_Chemicals_Dashboard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (not yet started)">CompTox Dashboard</a> <span style="font-weight:normal">(<abbr title="U.S. Environmental Protection Agency">EPA</abbr>)</span></div> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="comptox.epa.gov"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID6026296">DTXSID6026296</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q283#P3117" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li></ul></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: center; font-size: 95%;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-size: 100%; text-align: left; text-align:left; font-weight:normal; background:transparent;"><div><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simplified_molecular-input_line-entry_system&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simplified molecular-input line-entry system (not yet started)">SMILES</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="font-size: 105%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; text-align: left; list-style: none none; margin-left: 0; word-break:break-all;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><div style="border-top:1px solid #ccc; padding:0.2em 0 0.2em 1.6em; word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;">O</div></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Properties </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">Chemical formula</a></div> </td> <td><span class="chemf nowrap">H<span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span>O</span>  </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Molar_mass" title="Molar mass">Molar mass</a> </td> <td>18.01528(33) g/mol    </td></tr> <tr> <td>Appearance </td> <td>White crystal-like solid, almost colorless liquid with a hint of blue, colorless gas </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Odor" title="Odor">Odor</a> </td> <td>None </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a> </td> <td>Liquid:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiddick1970Table_of_Physical_Properties,_Water_0b._pg_67-8_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERiddick1970Table_of_Physical_Properties,_Water_0b._pg_67-8-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />0.9998396 g/mL at 0 °C<br />0.9970474 g/mL at 25 °C<br />0.961893 g/mL at 95 °C<br />Solid:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELide2003Properties_of_Ice_and_Supercooled_Water_in_Section_6_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELide2003Properties_of_Ice_and_Supercooled_Water_in_Section_6-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /> 0.9167 g/ml at 0 °C </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a> </td> <td>0.00 °C (32.00 °F; 273.15 K) <sup id="cite_ref-VSMOW_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VSMOW-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">Boiling point</a> </td> <td>99.98 °C (211.96 °F; 373.13 K) <sup id="cite_ref-nistbp_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nistbp-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VSMOW_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VSMOW-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Aqueous_solution" title="Aqueous solution">Solubility in water</a></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Properties_of_water#Cohesion" class="mw-redirect" title="Properties of water">N/A</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Solubility" title="Solubility">Solubility</a> </td> <td>Poorly soluble in <a href="/wiki/Haloalkane" title="Haloalkane">haloalkanes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aliphatic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aliphatic (not yet started)">aliphatic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aromatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Aromatic">aromatic</a> hydrocarbons, <a href="/wiki/Ether" class="mw-redirect" title="Ether">ethers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-chemister_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chemister-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Improved solubility in <a href="/wiki/Carboxylate" title="Carboxylate">carboxylates</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcohols&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alcohols (not yet started)">alcohols</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketones&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ketones (not yet started)">ketones</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Amines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amines (not yet started)">amines</a>. Miscible with <a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">methanol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Propanol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Propanol (not yet started)">propanol</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isopropanol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isopropanol (not yet started)">isopropanol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acetone" title="Acetone">acetone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Glycerol" title="Glycerol">glycerol</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=1,4-dioxane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1,4-dioxane (not yet started)">1,4-dioxane</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrahydrofuran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetrahydrofuran (not yet started)">tetrahydrofuran</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulfolane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulfolane (not yet started)">sulfolane</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acetaldehyde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acetaldehyde (not yet started)">acetaldehyde</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimethylformamide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimethylformamide (not yet started)">dimethylformamide</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimethoxyethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimethoxyethane (not yet started)">dimethoxyethane</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dimethyl_sulfoxide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dimethyl sulfoxide (not yet started)">dimethyl sulfoxide</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acetonitrile" title="Acetonitrile">acetonitrile</a>. Partially miscible with <a href="/wiki/Diethyl_ether" title="Diethyl ether">Diethyl ether</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Methyl_Ethyl_Ketone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methyl Ethyl Ketone (not yet started)">Methyl Ethyl Ketone</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dichloromethane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dichloromethane (not yet started)">Dichloromethane</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ethyl_Acetate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ethyl Acetate (not yet started)">Ethyl Acetate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">Bromine</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vapor_pressure" title="Vapor pressure">Vapor pressure</a> </td> <td>3.1690 kilopascals or 0.031276 atm<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELide2003Vapor_Pressure_of_Water_From_0_to_370°_C_in_Sec._6_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELide2003Vapor_Pressure_of_Water_From_0_to_370°_C_in_Sec._6-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acid_dissociation_constant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acid dissociation constant (not yet started)">Acidity</a> (p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub>) </td> <td>13.995<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELide2003Chapter_8:_Dissociation_Constants_of_Inorganic_Acids_and_Bases_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELide2003Chapter_8:_Dissociation_Constants_of_Inorganic_Acids_and_Bases-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeingärtner_et_al.201613_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeingärtner_et_al.201613-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acid_dissociation_constant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acid dissociation constant (not yet started)">Basicity</a> (p<i>K</i><sub>b</sub>) </td> <td>13.995 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conjugate_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conjugate acid (not yet started)">Conjugate acid</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydronium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydronium (not yet started)">Hydronium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conjugate_base&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conjugate base (not yet started)">Conjugate base</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hydroxide" title="Hydroxide">Hydroxide</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thermal_conductivity" title="Thermal conductivity">Thermal conductivity</a> </td> <td>0.6065 W/(m·K)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Refractive_index" class="mw-redirect" title="Refractive index">Refractive index</a> (<i>n</i><sub>D</sub>)</div> </td> <td>1.3330 (20 °C)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELide20038—Concentrative_Properties_of_Aqueous_Solutions:_Density,_Refractive_Index,_Freezing_Point_Depression,_and_Viscosity_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELide20038—Concentrative_Properties_of_Aqueous_Solutions:_Density,_Refractive_Index,_Freezing_Point_Depression,_and_Viscosity-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Viscosity" title="Viscosity">Viscosity</a> </td> <td>0.890 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Poise_(unit)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poise (unit) (not yet started)">cP</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELide20036.186_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELide20036.186-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Structure </th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_structure" title="Crystal structure">Crystal structure</a></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">Hexagonal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Molecular_symmetry" title="Molecular symmetry">Point group</a></div> </td> <td>C<sub>2v</sub> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Molecular_geometry" title="Molecular geometry">Molecular shape</a></div> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bent_(chemistry)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bent (chemistry) (not yet started)">Bent</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dipole#Molecular_dipoles" title="Dipole">Dipole moment</a></div> </td> <td>1.8546 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Debye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Debye (not yet started)">D</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELide20039—Dipole_Moments_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELide20039—Dipole_Moments-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center" style="border: 1px solid #C0C090; background-color: #F8EABA; margin-bottom: 3px;" colspan="2">Thermochemistry </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_enthalpy_change_of_formation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standard enthalpy change of formation (not yet started)">Std enthalpy of<br />formation</a> Δ<sub>f</sub><i>H</i><sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>298</sub> </td> <td>−285.83 ± 0.04 kJ/mol<sup id="cite_ref-chemister_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chemister-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nist_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nist-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Standard_molar_entropy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Standard molar entropy (not yet started)">Standard molar<br />entropy</a> <i>S</i><sup><s>o</s></sup><sub>298</sub> </td> <td>69.95 ± 0.03 J/(mol·K)<sup id="cite_ref-nist_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nist-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Specific_heat_capacity" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific heat capacity">Specific heat capacity</a>, <i>C</i> </td> <td>75.385 ± 0.05 J/(mol·K)<sup id="cite_ref-nist_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nist-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th align="center" style="border: 1px solid #C0C090; background-color: #F8EABA; margin-bottom: 3px;" colspan="2">Hazards </th></tr> <tr> <td>Main <a href="/w/index.php?title=Worker_safety_and_health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Worker safety and health (not yet started)">hazards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Drowning" title="Drowning">Drowning</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Avalanche" title="Avalanche">Avalanche</a> (as snow) <p><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_intoxication&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Water intoxication (not yet started)">Water intoxication</a> <br />(see also <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dihydrogen_monoxide_parody&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dihydrogen monoxide parody (not yet started)">Dihydrogen monoxide parody</a>) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704" title="NFPA 704">NFPA 704</a> </td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="position: relative; height: 85px; width: 75px;"> <div style="position: absolute; height: 75px; width: 75px;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NFPA_704.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/75px-NFPA_704.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/113px-NFPA_704.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/150px-NFPA_704.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> </p> </div> <div title="Flammability" style="background: transparent; width: 75px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 15px; font-size: large;"><span class="abbr" style="color: black;" title="Flammability 0. Will not burn. (e.g., water)">0</span></div> <div title="Health" style="background: transparent; width: 37.5px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 33px; font-size: large;"><span class="abbr" style="color: black;" title="Health 0. Exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible material. (e.g., sodium chloride)">0</span></div> <div title="Reactivity" style="background: transparent; width: 37.5px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 33px; left: 37.5px; font-size: large;"><span class="abbr" style="color: black;" title="Reactivity 0. Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. (e.g., liquid nitrogen)">0</span></div> <div title="Other hazards" style="background: transparent; width: 75px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 52px; font-size: small;"> </div> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Flash_point" title="Flash point">Flash point</a> </td> <td>Non-flammable </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Related compounds </th></tr> <tr> <td>Other <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">cations</a> </td> <td>{{{value}}} </td></tr> <tr> <td>Related {{{label}}} </td> <td>{{{value}}} </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background:#f8eaba;"><div style="margin:0 auto; text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their <a href="/wiki/Standard_state" title="Standard state">standard state</a> (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).</div></div> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f8eaba; border-top:2px solid transparent;"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/12px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/18px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/24px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> <span class="reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ComparePages&rev1=477162647&page2=Water">verify</a></span> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation (not yet started)">what is</a> <sup><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="check" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/7px-Yes_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/11px-Yes_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Yes_check.svg/14px-Yes_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="☒" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/7px-X_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/11px-X_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/X_mark.svg/14px-X_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">N</span></sup> ?) </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f8eaba; border-top:2px solid transparent;"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Chemical_infobox#References" title="Wikipedia:Chemical infobox">Infobox references</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f8eaba;"> <td style="width:40%; max-height:1px; border-top:2px solid transparent; border-right:1px solid transparent;"> </td> <td style="width:60%; max-height:1px; border-top:2px solid transparent; border-left:1px solid transparent;"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iceberg_with_hole_near_Sandersons_Hope_2007-07-28_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Iceberg_with_hole_near_Sandersons_Hope_2007-07-28_2.jpg/220px-Iceberg_with_hole_near_Sandersons_Hope_2007-07-28_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Iceberg_with_hole_near_Sandersons_Hope_2007-07-28_2.jpg/330px-Iceberg_with_hole_near_Sandersons_Hope_2007-07-28_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Iceberg_with_hole_near_Sandersons_Hope_2007-07-28_2.jpg/440px-Iceberg_with_hole_near_Sandersons_Hope_2007-07-28_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1176" /></a><figcaption>Water in three <a href="/wiki/States_of_matter" title="States of matter">states</a>: <a href="/wiki/Liquid" title="Liquid">liquid</a> (including the clouds, which are <a href="/wiki/Aerosol" title="Aerosol">aerosols</a>), <a href="/wiki/Solid" title="Solid">solid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">ice</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Water_vapour" class="mw-redirect" title="Water vapour">water vapour</a>)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Water</b> (<span class="chemf nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">H</a><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:1em;font-size:80%;text-align:left"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline">2</sub></span><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">O</a></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Transparent" class="mw-redirect" title="Transparent">transparent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taste" title="Taste">tasteless</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smell" class="mw-disambig" title="Smell">odourless</a>, and almost always <a href="/wiki/Colour" title="Colour">colourless</a> <a href="/wiki/Chemical_substance" title="Chemical substance">chemical substance</a> and covers about 71% of <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>'s surface. </p><p>No known <a href="/wiki/Life" title="Life">life</a> can live without it. Water is important for our life.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has to be qualified a bit. There are some forms of life which can survive without it, but cannot <a href="/wiki/Reproduction" title="Reproduction">reproduce</a> without it. Since reproduction is a central part of life, it is clear that water is essential for an organism to survive and reproduce. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">Lakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">oceans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sea" title="Sea">seas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/River" title="River">rivers</a> are made of water. <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">Precipitation</a> is water that falls from <a href="/wiki/Cloud" title="Cloud">clouds</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Sky" title="Sky">sky</a>. It may be <a href="/wiki/Rain" title="Rain">rain</a> if it is liquid, or it may be snow or ice <a href="/wiki/Freezing" title="Freezing">frozen</a> if it is cold. When water gets below 0 °C (32 °F), it <a href="/wiki/Freeze" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeze">freezes</a> and becomes <a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">ice</a>, the frozen kind of water. If water gets very hot (above 100 °C (212 °F), it <a href="/wiki/Boiling" title="Boiling">boils</a> and becomes <a href="/wiki/Steam" title="Steam">steam</a> or <a href="/wiki/Water_vapor" title="Water vapor">water vapor</a>. </p><p>There is a cycle called; the <a href="/wiki/Water_cycle" title="Water cycle">water cycle</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_chemistry_of_water">Physical chemistry of water</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: Physical chemistry of water" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Physical chemistry of water"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Water is a <a href="/wiki/Fluid" title="Fluid">fluid</a>. Water is the only <a href="/wiki/Chemical_substance" title="Chemical substance">chemical substance</a> on Earth that exists naturally in three <a href="/wiki/States_of_matter" title="States of matter">states</a>. There are over 40 <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/anomaly" class="extiw" title="wikt:anomaly">anomalies</a> (strange things) about water.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike most other liquids such as alcohol or oil, when water <a href="/wiki/Freezing" title="Freezing">freezes</a>, it expands by about 9%.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This expansion can cause pipes to break if the water inside them freezes. </p><p>Water is a <a href="/wiki/Molecule" title="Molecule">molecule</a> made of two <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">hydrogen</a> <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atoms</a> and one <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> atom. Its <a href="/wiki/Chemical_formula" title="Chemical formula">chemical formula</a> is H<sub>2</sub>O. Like other liquids, water has a <a href="/wiki/Surface_tension" title="Surface tension">surface tension</a>, so a little water can make drops on a surface, rather than always spreading out to wet the surface.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Things having something to do with water may have "hydro" or "aqua" in their name, such as <a href="/wiki/Hydropower" title="Hydropower">hydropower</a> or <a href="/wiki/Aquarium" title="Aquarium">aquarium</a>, from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> names for water. It is also called the "universal solvent", because it dissolves many other <a href="/wiki/Chemical_compound" title="Chemical compound">compounds</a>. </p><p>In small amounts, water appears to have no color but in large amounts (such as seas or lakes), it has a very light blue color. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses_of_water">Uses of water</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Uses of water" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Uses of water"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animals</a> (including <a href="https://simple.wiktionary.org/wiki/people" class="extiw" title="wikt:people">people</a>) are mostly water inside, and must drink water to live. It gives a <a href="/wiki/Media" class="mw-disambig" title="Media">medium</a> for <a href="/wiki/Chemical_reaction" title="Chemical reaction">chemical reactions</a> to take place, and is the main part of <a href="/wiki/Blood_plasma" title="Blood plasma">blood</a>. It keeps the <a href="/wiki/Body_temperature" class="mw-redirect" title="Body temperature">body temperature</a> the same by <a href="/wiki/Sweat" title="Sweat">sweating</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Skin" title="Skin">skin</a>. Water helps blood carry <a href="/wiki/Nutrient" title="Nutrient">nutrients</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Stomach" title="Stomach">stomach</a> to all parts of the body to keep the body alive. Water also helps the blood carry <a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">oxygen</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Lung" title="Lung">lungs</a> to the body. <a href="/wiki/Saliva" title="Saliva">Saliva</a>, which helps animals and people digest food, is mostly water. Water helps make <a href="/wiki/Urine" title="Urine">urine</a>. Urine helps remove bad <a href="/wiki/Chemical" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical">chemicals</a> from the body. The human body is between 60% and 70% water, but this value differs with age; i.e. a foetus is 95% water inside. </p><p>Water is the main component of <a href="/wiki/Drink" title="Drink">drinks</a> like <a href="/wiki/Milk" title="Milk">milk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juice" title="Juice">juice</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wine</a>. Each type of drink also has other things that add <a href="/wiki/Flavor" title="Flavor">flavor</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nutrient" title="Nutrient">nutrients</a>, things like <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a>, and sometimes <a href="/wiki/Alcohol" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Alcohol">alcohol</a>. Water that a person can drink is called "potable water" (or "drinking water"). The water in oceans is <a href="/wiki/Salt_water" title="Salt water">salt water</a>, but lakes and rivers usually have <a href="/wiki/Fresh_water" title="Fresh water">unsalted water</a>. Only about 3% of all the water on earth is fresh water. The rest is salt water.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Water_drop_animation_enhanced_small.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/Water_drop_animation_enhanced_small.gif" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>Drop of water falling from a faucet.</figcaption></figure> <p>Many places, including cities and <a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">deserts</a>, don't have as much water as people want. They build <a href="/wiki/Aqueduct" title="Aqueduct">aqueducts</a> to bring water there. </p><p>Though people can survive a few months without food, they can only survive for a day or two without water. A few <a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">desert</a> animals can get enough water from their food, but the others must drink. Water has no smell, taste, or color. </p><p>Water is also used for recreational purposes, <i>see <a href="/wiki/List_of_water_sports" title="List of water sports">list of water sports</a></i>. </p><p>Water is used as both the coolant and the <a href="/wiki/Neutron_moderator" title="Neutron moderator">neutron moderator</a> in most <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_reactor" title="Nuclear reactor">nuclear reactors</a>. This may be ordinary water (called light water in the nuclear industry) or <a href="/wiki/Heavy_water" title="Heavy water">heavy water</a>. </p><p>Water is also used for washing a lot of objects. <a href="/wiki/Good_(economics)" title="Good (economics)">Goods</a>, <a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">services</a> and people are transported to other <a href="/wiki/Country" title="Country">countries</a> in <a href="/wiki/Watercraft" title="Watercraft">watercrafts</a> on bodies of water. </p><p>Water is used in <a href="/wiki/Chemical_reaction" title="Chemical reaction">chemical reactions</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Solvent" title="Solvent">solvent</a> or <a href="/wiki/Reagent" title="Reagent">reactant</a>. Water is also used in <a href="/wiki/Firefighting" title="Firefighting">fire fighting</a>. Water is also used for <a href="/wiki/Cooking" title="Cooking">cooking</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dihydrogen_monoxide_parody">Dihydrogen monoxide parody</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: Dihydrogen monoxide parody" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Dihydrogen monoxide parody"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The dihydrogen monoxide <a href="/wiki/Parody" title="Parody">parody</a> involves calling water by the unfamiliar chemical name "dihydrogen monoxide" (DHMO) and listing some of its harmful effects in an alarming way. Some examples include talking about how "it causes burning, suffocation and corrosion," when it is actually just talking about hot water, drowning and rust. Sometimes the parody calls for it to be banned and/or labelled as dangerous. </p><p>The prank works because it takes advantage of people's misunderstanding. Calling water by an unfamiliar name and making it sound like a harmful chemical can make people think it is dangerous. </p><p>"Dihydrogen monoxide" is an alternative chemical name for water, but nobody uses it. The word "dihydrogen" means two hydrogens, and "monoxide" means one oxygen. The chemical formula of water has two hydrogens and one oxygen. </p><p>The parody gained most of its popularity in the 1990s, when a 14-year-old named Nathan Zohner collected anti-DHMO petitions for a science project about gullibility. Zohner fooled a lot of people, which has led to his project being used in lessons about critical thinking and the scientific method. </p><p>The website DHMO.org is a joke website which lists the harmful effects of water (DHMO), answers questions, and calls for it to be banned, among other things. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_of_the_Earth's_water"><span id="Origin_of_the_Earth.27s_water"></span>Origin of the Earth's water</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Origin of the Earth's water" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Origin of the Earth's water"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_weirdness_of_water">The weirdness of water</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: The weirdness of water" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: The weirdness of water"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A BBC short item explains that every molecule on <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a> has existed for <a href="/wiki/1,000,000,000" title="1,000,000,000">billions</a> of years, and all of them came from elsewhere. Water is alien because it arrived on <a href="/wiki/Asteroids" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteroids">asteroids</a> and <a href="/wiki/Comets" class="mw-redirect" title="Comets">comets</a>. It is the second most common molecule in the <a href="/wiki/Universe" title="Universe">universe</a>. It is made of two very light elements. Ice floating on water is also an oddity, caused by the nature of water to expand and drop in density when it freezes. Also, hot water can freeze faster than cold, and both this effect and it's causes are still the source of scientific debate and study today. Molecules of water can move up against the force of <a href="/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity">gravity</a> (that is due to surface <a href="/wiki/Adhesion" title="Adhesion">adhesion</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_in_the_universe">Water in the universe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Water in the universe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Water in the universe"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Band_5_ALMA_receiver.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Band_5_ALMA_receiver.jpg/220px-Band_5_ALMA_receiver.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Band_5_ALMA_receiver.jpg/330px-Band_5_ALMA_receiver.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Band_5_ALMA_receiver.jpg/440px-Band_5_ALMA_receiver.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3598" data-file-height="2491" /></a><figcaption>Band 5 <a href="/wiki/Atacama_Large_Millimeter_Array" title="Atacama Large Millimeter Array">ALMA</a> receiver is an instrument specifically designed to detect water in the universe.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Much of the universe's water is produced as a by-product of <a href="/wiki/Star_formation" title="Star formation">star formation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 22 July 2011, a report described the discovery of a gigantic cloud of water vapor containing "140 trillion times more water than the Earth's oceans combined" around a <a href="/wiki/Quasar" title="Quasar">quasar</a> 12 billion light years from Earth. According to the researchers, the "discovery shows that water has been prevalent in the universe for nearly its entire existence".<sup id="cite_ref-Clavin_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clavin-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-water_vapor_cloud_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-water_vapor_cloud-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Water has been detected in <a href="/wiki/Interstellar_cloud" title="Interstellar cloud">interstellar clouds</a> in our <a href="/wiki/Galaxy" title="Galaxy">galaxy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Water probably exists in abundance in other galaxies, too. Its components, hydrogen and oxygen, are among the most abundant elements in the universe. Most other <a href="/wiki/Planetary_system" title="Planetary system">planetary systems</a> may have similar ingredients. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin_of_water_on_Earth:_possibilities">Origin of water on Earth: possibilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Origin of water on Earth: possibilities" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Origin of water on Earth: possibilities"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>We do not know exactly how the Earth came to have so much water. It is everywhere in the Universe, but it is uncommon for a place to have so much. The reasoning is like this: every element (except hydrogen and some <a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">helium</a>) has been formed in stars. Therefore, oxygen was originally formed in stars. The formation of water is not a problem: it is <a href="/wiki/Exothermic" class="mw-redirect" title="Exothermic">exothermic</a>, so forming the molecule from its atoms does not need outside energy. But to explain why the Earth has so much compared to, for example, <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>, is not easy. It is an undecided problem in <a href="/wiki/Planetary_geology" title="Planetary geology">planetary geology</a>. </p><p>For a while, people thought Earth’s water did not come from the planet’s region of the <a href="/wiki/Protoplanetary_disk" title="Protoplanetary disk">protoplanetary disk</a>. Instead, it was thought that water and other <a href="/wiki/Volatiles" title="Volatiles">volatiles</a> must have been delivered to Earth from the outer Solar System later in its history. But hydrogen inside the Earth did play some role in the formation of the ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two ideas may each be partly right. Water was delivered to Earth by impacts from icy <a href="/wiki/Planetesimal" title="Planetesimal">planetesimals</a> (<a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroids</a>) in the outer edges of the <a href="/wiki/Asteroid_belt" title="Asteroid belt">asteroid belt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> How much is not known. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_vapor">Water vapor</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: Water vapor" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Water vapor"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Water vapor (or water vapour) is the gas form of water. It is found in: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_the_Sun" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmosphere of the Sun">Atmosphere of the Sun</a>: this has tiny amounts of water.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Mercury" title="Atmosphere of Mercury">Atmosphere of Mercury</a>: it is composed of 3.4% of water. <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury (planet)</a> has large amounts of water in its <a href="/wiki/Exosphere" title="Exosphere">exosphere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Venus" title="Atmosphere of Venus">Atmosphere of Venus</a>: It is composed of 0.002% of water.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Earth" title="Atmosphere of Earth">Atmosphere of Earth</a>: It is composed of 0.4% of water all over the <a href="/wiki/Atmosphere" title="Atmosphere">atmosphere</a>. There is usually around 1–4% of water at the <a href="/wiki/Surface" title="Surface">surface</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>. Water vapor is also found in the extremely thin atmosphere of the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a> in small amounts.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Mars" title="Atmosphere of Mars">Atmosphere of Mars</a>: It is composed of 0.03% of water.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Ceres" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmosphere of Ceres">Atmosphere of Ceres</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Jupiter" title="Atmosphere of Jupiter">Atmosphere of Jupiter</a>: It is composed of 0.0004% <a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">ice</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also water in its moon <a href="/wiki/Europa_(moon)" title="Europa (moon)">Europa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Saturn" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmosphere of Saturn">Atmosphere of Saturn</a>: It is has water in the form of ice. <a href="/wiki/Enceladus_(moon)" title="Enceladus (moon)">Enceladus</a> is composed of 91% of ice and ice is also in <a href="/wiki/Dione_(moon)" title="Dione (moon)">Dione's</a> exosphere.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Uranus" title="Atmosphere of Uranus">Atmosphere of Uranus</a>: Ice is found in small amounts.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Neptune" class="mw-redirect" title="Atmosphere of Neptune">Atmosphere of Neptune</a>: Ice is also found deep in the atmosphere of Neptune.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The atmosphere of <a href="/wiki/Extrasolar_planet" title="Extrasolar planet">extrasolar planets</a> such as <a href="/wiki/HD_189733_b" title="HD 189733 b">HD 189733 b</a> and <a href="/wiki/HD_209458_b" title="HD 209458 b">HD 209458 b</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tau_Bo%C3%B6tis_b" title="Tau Boötis b">Tau Boötis b</a>, <a href="/wiki/HAT-P-11b" title="HAT-P-11b">HAT-P-11b</a>, <a href="/wiki/XO-1b" title="XO-1b">XO-1b</a>, <a href="/wiki/WASP-12b" title="WASP-12b">WASP-12b</a>, <a href="/wiki/WASP-17b" title="WASP-17b">WASP-17b</a>, and <a href="/wiki/WASP-19b" title="WASP-19b">WASP-19b</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_atmosphere" title="Stellar atmosphere">Stellar atmospheres</a>: Water vapor is found in giant hot stars such as <a href="/wiki/Betelgeuse" title="Betelgeuse">Betelgeuse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mu_Cephei" title="Mu Cephei">Mu Cephei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antares" title="Antares">Antares</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arcturus" title="Arcturus">Arcturus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liquid_water">Liquid water</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Change section: Liquid water" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Liquid water"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Liquid water is found on <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>. It covers about 71% of the <a href="/wiki/Surface" title="Surface">surface</a> of the Earth. Liquid water is sometimes found in small amounts on <a href="/wiki/Mars" title="Mars">Mars</a>. Scientists believe that liquid water is in the moons <a href="/wiki/Enceladus_(moon)" title="Enceladus (moon)">Enceladus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titan_(moon)" title="Titan (moon)">Titan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Europa_(moon)" title="Europa (moon)">Europa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ganymede_(moon)" title="Ganymede (moon)">Ganymede</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Frozen_water">Frozen water</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Change section: Frozen water" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Frozen water"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The frozen form of water (ice) is found in: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Polar_Cap_of_Mars_during_Martian_South_summer_2000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/South_Polar_Cap_of_Mars_during_Martian_South_summer_2000.jpg/220px-South_Polar_Cap_of_Mars_during_Martian_South_summer_2000.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/South_Polar_Cap_of_Mars_during_Martian_South_summer_2000.jpg/330px-South_Polar_Cap_of_Mars_during_Martian_South_summer_2000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/South_Polar_Cap_of_Mars_during_Martian_South_summer_2000.jpg/440px-South_Polar_Cap_of_Mars_during_Martian_South_summer_2000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1690" data-file-height="1234" /></a><figcaption>South polar ice cap of Mars during Martian summer in the year 2000</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Mars: Water ice is found at the <a href="/wiki/North_Pole" title="North Pole">north</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Pole" title="South Pole">south poles</a> of Mars.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Earth and the Moon: It is mainly found as <a href="/wiki/Ice_sheet" title="Ice sheet">ice sheets</a> on Earth and in <a href="/wiki/Crater" title="Crater">craters</a> and volcanic rocks in the Moon.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Jupiter's moons: It is found on Europa, Ganymede and <a href="/wiki/Callisto_(moon)" title="Callisto (moon)">Callisto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Saturn: It is found in the <a href="/wiki/Planetary_ring" title="Planetary ring">planetary rings</a> of Saturn. It is also found in Titan and Enceladus.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluto" title="Pluto">Pluto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charon_(moon)" title="Charon (moon)">Charon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comet" title="Comet">Comets</a> and other objects in the <a href="/wiki/Kuiper_belt" title="Kuiper belt">Kuiper belt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oort_cloud" title="Oort cloud">Oort cloud</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_pages">Related pages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Change section: Related pages" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Related pages"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9467161">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake" title="Lake">Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Life_timeline" title="Template:Life timeline">Life timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Nature_timeline" title="Template:Nature timeline">Nature timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pond" title="Pond">Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rain" title="Rain">Rain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River" title="River">River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea" title="Sea">Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam" title="Steam">Steam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_cycle" title="Water cycle">Water cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterway" title="Waterway">Waterway</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180924023206/http://www.iun.edu/~cpanhd/C101webnotes/chemical-nomenclature/bimolcmpds.html">"naming molecular compounds"</a>. <i>www.iun.edu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iun.edu/~cpanhd/C101webnotes/chemical-nomenclature/bimolcmpds.html">the original</a> on 24 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 October</span> 2018</span>. <q>Sometimes these compounds have generic or common names (e.g., H2O is "water") and they also have systematic names (e.g., H2O, dihydrogen monoxide).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iun.edu&rft.atitle=naming+molecular+compounds&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iun.edu%2F~cpanhd%2FC101webnotes%2Fchemical-nomenclature%2Fbimolcmpds.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hydrol">"Definition of Hydrol"</a></span>. Merriam-Webster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Definition+of+Hydrol&rft.pub=Merriam-Webster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fhydrol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERiddick1970Table_of_Physical_Properties,_Water_0b._pg_67-8-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERiddick1970Table_of_Physical_Properties,_Water_0b._pg_67-8_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRiddick1970">Riddick 1970</a>, Table of Physical Properties, Water 0b. pg 67-8.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFRiddick1970 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELide2003Properties_of_Ice_and_Supercooled_Water_in_Section_6-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELide2003Properties_of_Ice_and_Supercooled_Water_in_Section_6_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLide2003">Lide 2003</a>, Properties of Ice and Supercooled Water in Section 6.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFLide2003 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nistbp-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nistbp_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C7732185&Mask=FFFF&Units=SI">Water</a> in Linstrom, Peter J.; Mallard, William G. (eds.); <i>NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69</i>, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg (MD), <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://webbook.nist.gov">http://webbook.nist.gov</a> (retrieved 2016-5-27)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chemister-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-chemister_7-0">6.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-chemister_7-1">6.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFAnatolievich" class="citation web cs1">Anatolievich, Kiper Ruslan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140602200111/http://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&id=1">"Properties of substance: water"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&id=1">the original</a> on 2014-06-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Properties+of+substance%3A+water&rft.aulast=Anatolievich&rft.aufirst=Kiper+Ruslan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchemister.ru%2FDatabase%2Fproperties-en.php%3Fdbid%3D1%26id%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELide2003Vapor_Pressure_of_Water_From_0_to_370°_C_in_Sec._6-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELide2003Vapor_Pressure_of_Water_From_0_to_370°_C_in_Sec._6_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLide2003">Lide 2003</a>, Vapor Pressure of Water From 0 to 370° C in Sec. 6.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFLide2003 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELide2003Chapter_8:_Dissociation_Constants_of_Inorganic_Acids_and_Bases-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELide2003Chapter_8:_Dissociation_Constants_of_Inorganic_Acids_and_Bases_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLide2003">Lide 2003</a>, Chapter 8: Dissociation Constants of Inorganic Acids and Bases.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFLide2003 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeingärtner_et_al.201613-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeingärtner_et_al.201613_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeingärtner_et_al.2016">Weingärtner et al. 2016</a>, p. 13.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFWeingärtner_et_al.2016 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160214222524/http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Core/Organic_Chemistry/Fundamentals/What_is_the_pKa_of_water%3F">"What is the pKa of Water"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Davis" title="University of California, Davis">University of California, Davis</a>. 2015-08-09. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Core/Organic_Chemistry/Fundamentals/What_is_the_pKa_of_water%3F">the original</a> on 2016-02-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+the+pKa+of+Water&rft.pub=University+of+California%2C+Davis&rft.date=2015-08-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchemwiki.ucdavis.edu%2FCore%2FOrganic_Chemistry%2FFundamentals%2FWhat_is_the_pKa_of_water%253F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSilversteinHeller2017" class="citation journal cs1">Silverstein, Todd P.; Heller, Stephen T. (17 April 2017). "pKa Values in the Undergraduate Curriculum: What Is the Real pKa of Water?". <i>Journal of Chemical Education</i>. <b>94</b> (6): 690–695. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JChEd..94..690S">2017JChEd..94..690S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Facs.jchemed.6b00623">10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00623</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0021-9584">0021-9584</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Chemical+Education&rft.atitle=pKa+Values+in+the+Undergraduate+Curriculum%3A+What+Is+the+Real+pKa+of+Water%3F&rft.volume=94&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=690-695&rft.date=2017-04-17&rft.issn=0021-9584&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Facs.jchemed.6b00623&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017JChEd..94..690S&rft.aulast=Silverstein&rft.aufirst=Todd+P.&rft.au=Heller%2C+Stephen+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFRamiresCastroNagasakaNagashima1995" class="citation journal cs1">Ramires, Maria L. V.; Castro, Carlos A. Nieto de; Nagasaka, Yuchi; Nagashima, Akira; Assael, Marc J.; Wakeham, William A. (1995-05-01). "Standard Reference Data for the Thermal Conductivity of Water". <i>Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data</i>. <b>24</b> (3): 1377–1381. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1995JPCRD..24.1377R">1995JPCRD..24.1377R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1063%2F1.555963">10.1063/1.555963</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0047-2689">0047-2689</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Physical+and+Chemical+Reference+Data&rft.atitle=Standard+Reference+Data+for+the+Thermal+Conductivity+of+Water&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=1377-1381&rft.date=1995-05-01&rft.issn=0047-2689&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.555963&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1995JPCRD..24.1377R&rft.aulast=Ramires&rft.aufirst=Maria+L.+V.&rft.au=Castro%2C+Carlos+A.+Nieto+de&rft.au=Nagasaka%2C+Yuchi&rft.au=Nagashima%2C+Akira&rft.au=Assael%2C+Marc+J.&rft.au=Wakeham%2C+William+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELide20038—Concentrative_Properties_of_Aqueous_Solutions:_Density,_Refractive_Index,_Freezing_Point_Depression,_and_Viscosity-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELide20038—Concentrative_Properties_of_Aqueous_Solutions:_Density,_Refractive_Index,_Freezing_Point_Depression,_and_Viscosity_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLide2003">Lide 2003</a>, 8—Concentrative Properties of Aqueous Solutions: Density, Refractive Index, Freezing Point Depression, and Viscosity.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFLide2003 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELide20036.186-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELide20036.186_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLide2003">Lide 2003</a>, 6.186.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFLide2003 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELide20039—Dipole_Moments-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELide20039—Dipole_Moments_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLide2003">Lide 2003</a>, 9—Dipole Moments.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfn error: no target: CITEREFLide2003 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nist-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nist_18-0">16.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nist_18-1">16.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-nist_18-2">16.2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C7732185&Mask=FFFF&Units=SI">Water</a> in Linstrom, Peter J.; Mallard, William G. (eds.); <i>NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69</i>, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg (MD), <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://webbook.nist.gov">http://webbook.nist.gov</a> (retrieved 2014-06-01)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/background.html">"United Nations"</a>. Un.org. 2005-03-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-07-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Nations&rft.pub=Un.org&rft.date=2005-03-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fwaterforlifedecade%2Fbackground.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fathersergio.wordpress.com/2006/01/29/forty-one-anomalies-of-water/">"Forty-one anomalies of water « Fairy LoRe"</a>. <i>fathersergio.wordpress.com</i>. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 1,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fathersergio.wordpress.com&rft.atitle=Forty-one+anomalies+of+water+%C2%AB+Fairy+LoRe&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffathersergio.wordpress.com%2F2006%2F01%2F29%2Fforty-one-anomalies-of-water%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/8a.html">"8(a) Physical Properties of Water"</a>. <i>physicalgeography.net</i>. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2011</span>. <q>pan</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=physicalgeography.net&rft.atitle=8%28a%29+Physical+Properties+of+Water&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.physicalgeography.net%2Ffundamentals%2F8a.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110828165031/http://www.mountainnature.com/Geology/Erosion.htm">"Understanding the processes of erosion"</a>. <i>mountainnature.com</i>. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mountainnature.com/geology/erosion.htm">the original</a> on August 28, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mountainnature.com&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+processes+of+erosion&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mountainnature.com%2Fgeology%2Ferosion.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110808093427/http://www.iapws.org/faq1/freeze.htm">"iapws.org"</a>. 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iapws.org/faq1/freeze.htm">the original</a> on August 8, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=iapws.org&rft.date=2000&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iapws.org%2Ffaq1%2Ffreeze.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160603233926/https://www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/liquids-and-solids-11/liquid-properties-85/surface-tension-376-6402/">"Surface tension is a contractive tendency of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force"</a>. Boundless. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/liquids-and-solids-11/liquid-properties-85/surface-tension-376-6402/">the original</a> on June 3, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 25,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Surface+tension+is+a+contractive+tendency+of+the+surface+of+a+liquid+that+allows+it+to+resist+an+external+force.&rft.pub=Boundless&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boundless.com%2Fchemistry%2Ftextbooks%2Fboundless-chemistry-textbook%2Fliquids-and-solids-11%2Fliquid-properties-85%2Fsurface-tension-376-6402%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131214091601/http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/earthwherewater.html">"Percentage of water"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/earthwherewater.html">the original</a> on 2013-12-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Percentage+of+water&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fga.water.usgs.gov%2Fedu%2Fearthwherewater.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070715121554/http://www.cdli.ca/CITE/water.htm">"Fresh water percentage (2)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cdli.ca/CITE/water.htm">the original</a> on 2007-07-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-12-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fresh+water+percentage+%282%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdli.ca%2FCITE%2Fwater.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jha, Alok 2019. Why water is one of the weirdest things in the universe. <i>BBC News</i> Ideas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.bbc.com/ideas/videos/why-water-is-one-of-the-weirdest-things-in-the-uni/p06y2c9k?playlist=universal-wonders">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann15059/">"ALMA greatly improves capacity to search for water in universe"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150723070436/http://www.eso.org/public/announcements/ann15059/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ALMA+greatly+improves+capacity+to+search+for+water+in+universe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eso.org%2Fpublic%2Fannouncements%2Fann15059%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Melnick, Gary, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and Neufeld, David, <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> quoted in: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000116054013/http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/1998/04.23/DiscoverofWater.html">"Discover of water vapor near Orion nebula suggests possible origin of H<sub>2</sub>0 in Solar System"</a>. The Harvard University Gazette. 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.harvard.edu/gazette/1998/04.23/DiscoverofWater.html">the original</a> on 16 January 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Discover+of+water+vapor+near+Orion+nebula+suggests+possible+origin+of+H%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E0+in+Solar+System&rft.date=1998&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.harvard.edu%2Fgazette%2F1998%2F04.23%2FDiscoverofWater.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jhu.edu/news_info/news/home98/apr98/clouds.html">"Space cloud holds enough water to fill Earth's oceans 1 million times"</a>. Headlines@Hopkins, JHU. 9 April 1998. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071109171410/http://www.jhu.edu/news_info/news/home98/apr98/clouds.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Space+cloud+holds+enough+water+to+fill+Earth%27s+oceans+1+million+times&rft.date=1998-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jhu.edu%2Fnews_info%2Fnews%2Fhome98%2Fapr98%2Fclouds.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clavin-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Clavin_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFClavinBuis2011" class="citation web cs1">Clavin, Whitney; Buis, Alan (22 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/topics/universe/features/universe20110722.html">"Astronomers find largest, most distant reservoir of water"</a>. NASA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724063244/http://www.nasa.gov/topics/universe/features/universe20110722.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astronomers+find+largest%2C+most+distant+reservoir+of+water&rft.pub=NASA&rft.date=2011-07-22&rft.aulast=Clavin&rft.aufirst=Whitney&rft.au=Buis%2C+Alan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Ftopics%2Funiverse%2Ffeatures%2Funiverse20110722.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-water_vapor_cloud-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-water_vapor_cloud_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2011" class="citation web cs1">Staff (22 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/12400-universe-biggest-oldest-cloud-water.html">"Astronomers find largest, oldest mass of water in Universe"</a>. Space.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111029230319/http://www.space.com/12400-universe-biggest-oldest-cloud-water.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Astronomers+find+largest%2C+oldest+mass+of+water+in+Universe&rft.pub=Space.com&rft.date=2011-07-22&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F12400-universe-biggest-oldest-cloud-water.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFBova2009" class="citation book cs1">Bova, Ben (13 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m1gfe459yygC&pg=PA90"><i>Faint Echoes, Distant Stars: the science and politics of finding life beyond Earth</i></a>. Zondervan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-185448-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-185448-4"><bdi>978-0-06-185448-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Faint+Echoes%2C+Distant+Stars%3A+the+science+and+politics+of+finding+life+beyond+Earth&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=2009-10-13&rft.isbn=978-0-06-185448-4&rft.aulast=Bova&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm1gfe459yygC%26pg%3DPA90&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMondayApril_12019" class="citation web cs1">Monday, Nola Taylor Redd | Published; April 1; 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://astronomy.com/magazine/2019/04/where-did-earths-water-come-from">"Where did Earths water come from"</a>. <i>Astronomy.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Astronomy.com&rft.atitle=Where+did+Earths+water+come+from&rft.aulast=Monday&rft.aufirst=Nola+Taylor+Redd+%7C+Published&rft.au=April+1&rft.au=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fastronomy.com%2Fmagazine%2F2019%2F04%2Fwhere-did-earths-water-come-from&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|last3=</code> has numeric name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#numeric_names" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pepin, Robert O. 1991. On the origin and early evolution of terrestrial planet atmospheres and meteoritic volatiles. <i>Icarus</i> <b>92</b> (1): 2–79. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/001910359190036S?via%3Dihub">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSolankiLivingstonAyres1994" class="citation journal cs1">Solanki, S. K.; Livingston, W.; Ayres, T. (1994-01-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.263.5143.64">"New light on the heart of darkness of the Solar chromosphere"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>263</b> (5143): 64–66. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994Sci...263...64S">1994Sci...263...64S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.263.5143.64">10.1126/science.263.5143.64</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17748350">17748350</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27696504">27696504</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=New+light+on+the+heart+of+darkness+of+the+Solar+chromosphere&rft.volume=263&rft.issue=5143&rft.pages=64-66&rft.date=1994-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A27696504%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1994Sci...263...64S&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.263.5143.64&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17748350&rft.aulast=Solanki&rft.aufirst=S.+K.&rft.au=Livingston%2C+W.&rft.au=Ayres%2C+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org%2Flookup%2Fdoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.263.5143.64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100406034624/http://www.planetary.org/news/2008/0703_MESSENGER_Scientists_Astonished_to.html">"MESSENGER Scientists 'astonished' to find water in Mercury's thin atmosphere - Planetary News | The Planetary Society"</a>. 2010-04-06. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.planetary.org/news/2008/0703_MESSENGER_Scientists_Astonished_to.html">the original</a> on 2010-04-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MESSENGER+Scientists+%27astonished%27+to+find+water+in+Mercury%27s+thin+atmosphere+-+Planetary+News+%7C+The+Planetary+Society&rft.date=2010-04-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.planetary.org%2Fnews%2F2008%2F0703_MESSENGER_Scientists_Astonished_to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFthe_SPICAV/SOIR_teamBertauxVandaeleKorablev2007" class="citation journal cs1">the SPICAV/SOIR team; Bertaux, Jean-Loup; Vandaele, Ann-Carine; Korablev, Oleg; Villard, E.; Fedorova, A.; Fussen, D.; Quémerais, E.; Belyaev, D. (November 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/articles/nature05974">"A warm layer in Venus' cryosphere and high-altitude measurements of HF, HCl, H2O and HDO"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>450</b> (7170): 646–649. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007Natur.450..646B">2007Natur.450..646B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature05974">10.1038/nature05974</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836">0028-0836</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18046397">18046397</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4421875">4421875</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=A+warm+layer+in+Venus%27+cryosphere+and+high-altitude+measurements+of+HF%2C+HCl%2C+H2O+and+HDO&rft.volume=450&rft.issue=7170&rft.pages=646-649&rft.date=2007-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4421875%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007Natur.450..646B&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature05974&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18046397&rft.au=the+SPICAV%2FSOIR+team&rft.au=Bertaux%2C+Jean-Loup&rft.au=Vandaele%2C+Ann-Carine&rft.au=Korablev%2C+Oleg&rft.au=Villard%2C+E.&rft.au=Fedorova%2C+A.&rft.au=Fussen%2C+D.&rft.au=Qu%C3%A9merais%2C+E.&rft.au=Belyaev%2C+D.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fnature05974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSridharanAhmedPratim_DasSreelatha2010" class="citation journal cs1">Sridharan, R.; Ahmed, S.M.; Pratim Das, Tirtha; Sreelatha, P.; Pradeepkumar, P.; Naik, Neha; Supriya, Gogulapati (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0032063310000693">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Direct' evidence for water (H2O) in the sunlit lunar ambience from CHACE on MIP of Chandrayaan I"</a>. <i>Planetary and Space Science</i>. <b>58</b> (6): 947–950. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010P&SS...58..947S">2010P&SS...58..947S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pss.2010.02.013">10.1016/j.pss.2010.02.013</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Planetary+and+Space+Science&rft.atitle=%27Direct%27+evidence+for+water+%28H2O%29+in+the+sunlit+lunar+ambience+from+CHACE+on+MIP+of+Chandrayaan+I&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=947-950&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.pss.2010.02.013&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010P%26SS...58..947S&rft.aulast=Sridharan&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Ahmed%2C+S.M.&rft.au=Pratim+Das%2C+Tirtha&rft.au=Sreelatha%2C+P.&rft.au=Pradeepkumar%2C+P.&rft.au=Naik%2C+Neha&rft.au=Supriya%2C+Gogulapati&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0032063310000693&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFRapp,_Donald,_1934-2013" class="citation book cs1">Rapp, Donald, 1934- (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/819571505"><i>Use of extraterrestrial resources for human space missions to Moon or Mars</i></a>. Berlin: Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-642-32762-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-642-32762-9"><bdi>978-3-642-32762-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/819571505">819571505</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Use+of+extraterrestrial+resources+for+human+space+missions+to+Moon+or+Mars&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F819571505&rft.isbn=978-3-642-32762-9&rft.au=Rapp%2C+Donald%2C+1934-&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F819571505&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFKüppersO’RourkeBockelée-MorvanZakharov2014" class="citation journal cs1">Küppers, Michael; O’Rourke, Laurence; Bockelée-Morvan, Dominique; Zakharov, Vladimir; Lee, Seungwon; von Allmen, Paul; Carry, Benoît; Teyssier, David; Marston, Anthony (January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/articles/nature12918">"Localized sources of water vapour on the dwarf planet (1) Ceres"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>505</b> (7484): 525–527. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Natur.505..525K">2014Natur.505..525K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature12918">10.1038/nature12918</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836">0028-0836</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24451541">24451541</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4448395">4448395</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Localized+sources+of+water+vapour+on+the+dwarf+planet+%281%29+Ceres&rft.volume=505&rft.issue=7484&rft.pages=525-527&rft.date=2014-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4448395%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014Natur.505..525K&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature12918&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24451541&rft.aulast=K%C3%BCppers&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=O%E2%80%99Rourke%2C+Laurence&rft.au=Bockel%C3%A9e-Morvan%2C+Dominique&rft.au=Zakharov%2C+Vladimir&rft.au=Lee%2C+Seungwon&rft.au=von+Allmen%2C+Paul&rft.au=Carry%2C+Beno%C3%AEt&rft.au=Teyssier%2C+David&rft.au=Marston%2C+Anthony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fnature12918&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFAtreyaWong2005" class="citation journal cs1">Atreya, Sushil K.; Wong, Ah-San (January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11214-005-1951-5">"Coupled clouds and chemistry of the giant planets— a case for multiprobes"</a>. <i>Space Science Reviews</i>. <b>116</b> (1–2): 121–136. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005SSRv..116..121A">2005SSRv..116..121A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11214-005-1951-5">10.1007/s11214-005-1951-5</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hdl_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hdl (identifier) (not yet started)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42%2F43766">2027.42/43766</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0038-6308">0038-6308</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:31037195">31037195</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Space+Science+Reviews&rft.atitle=Coupled+clouds+and+chemistry+of+the+giant+planets%E2%80%94+a+case+for+multiprobes&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=121-136&rft.date=2005-01&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027.42%2F43766&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A31037195%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005SSRv..116..121A&rft.issn=0038-6308&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11214-005-1951-5&rft.aulast=Atreya&rft.aufirst=Sushil+K.&rft.au=Wong%2C+Ah-San&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2F10.1007%2Fs11214-005-1951-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201107170659/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=3983">"Hubble sees evidence of water vapor at Jupiter moon"</a>. <i>NASA/JPL</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=3983">the original</a> on 2020-11-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA%2FJPL&rft.atitle=Hubble+sees+evidence+of+water+vapor+at+Jupiter+moon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fnews%2Fnews.php%3Ffeature%3D3983&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFHansen2006" class="citation journal cs1">Hansen, C. J. 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B. 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W.; Blake, Geoffrey A. (2014-02-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2041-8205/783/2/L29">"Near-IR direct detection of water vapor in Tau Bootis b"</a>. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. <b>783</b> (2): L29. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1402.0846">1402.0846</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ApJ...783L..29L">2014ApJ...783L..29L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1088%2F2041-8205%2F783%2F2%2FL29">10.1088/2041-8205/783/2/L29</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2041-8205">2041-8205</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8463125">8463125</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&rft.atitle=Near-IR+direct+detection+of+water+vapor+in+Tau+Bootis+b&rft.volume=783&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=L29&rft.date=2014-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8463125%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014ApJ...783L..29L&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1402.0846&rft.issn=2041-8205&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1088%2F2041-8205%2F783%2F2%2FL29&rft.aulast=Lockwood&rft.aufirst=Alexandra+C.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+John+A.&rft.au=Bender%2C+Chad+F.&rft.au=Carr%2C+John+S.&rft.au=Barman%2C+Travis&rft.au=Richert%2C+Alexander+J.+W.&rft.au=Blake%2C+Geoffrey+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiopscience.iop.org%2Farticle%2F10.1088%2F2041-8205%2F783%2F2%2FL29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201207034845/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4306">"NASA telescopes find clear skies and water vapor on exoplanet"</a>. <i>NASA/JPL</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4306">the original</a> on 2020-12-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA%2FJPL&rft.atitle=NASA+telescopes+find+clear+skies+and+water+vapor+on+exoplanet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fnews%2Fnews.php%3Ffeature%3D4306&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_47-0">45.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:0_47-1">45.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFHanslmeier,_Arnold.2011" class="citation book cs1">Hanslmeier, Arnold. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/670074794"><i>Water in the universe</i></a>. Dordrecht: Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-481-9984-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-481-9984-6"><bdi>978-90-481-9984-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/670074794">670074794</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Water+in+the+universe&rft.place=Dordrecht&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F670074794&rft.isbn=978-90-481-9984-6&rft.au=Hanslmeier%2C+Arnold.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F670074794&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFGarner2015" class="citation web cs1">Garner, Rob (2015-05-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/hubble-traces-subtle-signals-of-water-on-hazy-worlds">"Hubble Traces Subtle Signals of Water on Hazy Worlds"</a>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=Hubble+Traces+Subtle+Signals+of+Water+on+Hazy+Worlds&rft.date=2015-05-06&rft.aulast=Garner&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fcontent%2Fgoddard%2Fhubble-traces-subtle-signals-of-water-on-hazy-worlds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2015" class="citation web cs1">Anderson, Gina (2015-09-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-confirms-evidence-that-liquid-water-flows-on-today-s-mars">"NASA Confirms Evidence That Liquid Water Flows on Today's Mars"</a>. <i>NASA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA&rft.atitle=NASA+Confirms+Evidence+That+Liquid+Water+Flows+on+Today%27s+Mars&rft.date=2015-09-28&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Gina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasa.gov%2Fpress-release%2Fnasa-confirms-evidence-that-liquid-water-flows-on-today-s-mars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4099">"NASA Space Assets Detect Ocean inside Saturn Moon"</a>. <i>NASA/JPL</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NASA%2FJPL&rft.atitle=NASA+Space+Assets+Detect+Ocean+inside+Saturn+Moon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fnews%2Fnews.php%3Ffeature%3D4099&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFIessStevensonParisiHemingway2014" class="citation journal cs1">Iess, L.; Stevenson, D. J.; Parisi, M.; Hemingway, D.; Jacobson, R. A.; Lunine, J. I.; Nimmo, F.; Armstrong, J. W.; Asmar, S. W. (2014-04-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1250551">"The Gravity Field and Interior Structure of Enceladus"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>344</b> (6179): 78–80. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Sci...344...78I">2014Sci...344...78I</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1250551">10.1126/science.1250551</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24700854">24700854</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:28990283">28990283</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=The+Gravity+Field+and+Interior+Structure+of+Enceladus&rft.volume=344&rft.issue=6179&rft.pages=78-80&rft.date=2014-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A28990283%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014Sci...344...78I&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1250551&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24700854&rft.aulast=Iess&rft.aufirst=L.&rft.au=Stevenson%2C+D.+J.&rft.au=Parisi%2C+M.&rft.au=Hemingway%2C+D.&rft.au=Jacobson%2C+R.+A.&rft.au=Lunine%2C+J.+I.&rft.au=Nimmo%2C+F.&rft.au=Armstrong%2C+J.+W.&rft.au=Asmar%2C+S.+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org%2Flookup%2Fdoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1250551&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFDunaevaKronrodKuskov2016" class="citation journal cs1">Dunaeva, A. N.; Kronrod, V. A.; Kuskov, O. L. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://people.msoe.edu/~tritt/sf/europa.life.html">the original</a> on 2007-06-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Possibility+of+Life+on+Europa&rft.date=2007-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpeople.msoe.edu%2F~tritt%2Fsf%2Feuropa.life.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFBibringLangevinPouletGendrin2004" class="citation journal cs1">Bibring, Jean-Pierre; Langevin, Yves; Poulet, François; Gendrin, Aline; Gondet, Brigitte; Berthé, Michel; Soufflot, Alain; Drossart, Pierre; Combes, Michel (April 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/articles/nature02461">"Perennial water ice identified in the south polar cap of Mars"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>428</b> (6983): 627–630. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004Natur.428..627B">2004Natur.428..627B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature02461">10.1038/nature02461</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836">0028-0836</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15024393">15024393</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4373206">4373206</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Perennial+water+ice+identified+in+the+south+polar+cap+of+Mars&rft.volume=428&rft.issue=6983&rft.pages=627-630&rft.date=2004-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4373206%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004Natur.428..627B&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature02461&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15024393&rft.aulast=Bibring&rft.aufirst=Jean-Pierre&rft.au=Langevin%2C+Yves&rft.au=Poulet%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois&rft.au=Gendrin%2C+Aline&rft.au=Gondet%2C+Brigitte&rft.au=Berth%C3%A9%2C+Michel&rft.au=Soufflot%2C+Alain&rft.au=Drossart%2C+Pierre&rft.au=Combes%2C+Michel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fnature02461&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSPIEGEL2008" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">SPIEGEL, DER (9 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/weltall/versteckt-in-glasperlen-auf-dem-mond-gibt-es-wasser-a-564911.html">"Versteckt in Glasperlen: Auf dem Mond gibt es Wasser - DER SPIEGEL - Wissenschaft"</a>. <i>Der Spiegel</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doi.wiley.com/10.1029/2004JE002244">"Ceres: Evolution and current state"</a>. <i>Journal of Geophysical Research</i>. <b>110</b> (E5): E05009. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005JGRE..110.5009M">2005JGRE..110.5009M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1029%2F2004JE002244">10.1029/2004JE002244</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0148-0227">0148-0227</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129787104">129787104</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Geophysical+Research&rft.atitle=Ceres%3A+Evolution+and+current+state&rft.volume=110&rft.issue=E5&rft.pages=E05009&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1029%2F2004JE002244&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A129787104%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0148-0227&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005JGRE..110.5009M&rft.aulast=McCord&rft.aufirst=Thomas+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdoi.wiley.com%2F10.1029%2F2004JE002244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFThomasParkerMcFaddenRussell2005" class="citation journal cs1">Thomas, P. C.; Parker, J. Wm.; McFadden, L. A.; Russell, C. T.; Stern, S. A.; Sykes, M. V.; Young, E. F. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/articles/nature03938">"Differentiation of the asteroid Ceres as revealed by its shape"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>437</b> (7056): 224–226. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Natur.437..224T">2005Natur.437..224T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature03938">10.1038/nature03938</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0028-0836">0028-0836</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16148926">16148926</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:17758979">17758979</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Differentiation+of+the+asteroid+Ceres+as+revealed+by+its+shape&rft.volume=437&rft.issue=7056&rft.pages=224-226&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A17758979%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005Natur.437..224T&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature03938&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16148926&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=P.+C.&rft.au=Parker%2C+J.+Wm.&rft.au=McFadden%2C+L.+A.&rft.au=Russell%2C+C.+T.&rft.au=Stern%2C+S.+A.&rft.au=Sykes%2C+M.+V.&rft.au=Young%2C+E.+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fnature03938&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSeptember_20052005" class="citation web cs1">September 2005, Bjorn Carey 07 (7 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.space.com/1526-largest-asteroid-fresh-water-earth.html">"Largest asteroid might contain more fresh water than Earth"</a>. <i>Space.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Space.com&rft.atitle=Largest+asteroid+might+contain+more+fresh+water+than+Earth&rft.date=2005-09-07&rft.aulast=September+2005&rft.aufirst=Bjorn+Carey+07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.space.com%2F1526-largest-asteroid-fresh-water-earth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFChang2015" class="citation news cs1">Chang, Kenneth (2015-03-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/13/science/space/suddenly-it-seems-water-is-everywhere-in-solar-system.html">"Suddenly, it seems, water is everywhere in Solar System"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Suddenly%2C+it+seems%2C+water+is+everywhere+in+Solar+System&rft.date=2015-03-12&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Chang&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2015%2F03%2F13%2Fscience%2Fspace%2Fsuddenly-it-seems-water-is-everywhere-in-solar-system.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFKuskovKronrod2005" class="citation journal cs1">Kuskov, O.L.; Kronrod, V.A. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0019103505001806">"Internal structure of Europa and Callisto"</a>. <i>Icarus</i>. <b>177</b> (2): 550–569. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Icar..177..550K">2005Icar..177..550K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.icarus.2005.04.014">10.1016/j.icarus.2005.04.014</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.atitle=Internal+structure+of+Europa+and+Callisto&rft.volume=177&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=550-569&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.icarus.2005.04.014&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005Icar..177..550K&rft.aulast=Kuskov&rft.aufirst=O.L.&rft.au=Kronrod%2C+V.A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0019103505001806&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFShowman1999" class="citation journal cs1">Showman, A. P. (1999-10-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.286.5437.77">"The Galilean Satellites"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>286</b> (5437): 77–84. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.286.5437.77">10.1126/science.286.5437.77</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10506564">10506564</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=The+Galilean+Satellites&rft.volume=286&rft.issue=5437&rft.pages=77-84&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.286.5437.77&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10506564&rft.aulast=Showman&rft.aufirst=A.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org%2Flookup%2Fdoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.286.5437.77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_62-0">60.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-:1_62-1">60.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70170307"><i>The solar system : exploring the planets and their moons from Mercury to Pluto and beyond</i></a>. Sparrow, Giles, 1970-. San Diego, Calif.: Thunder Bay Press. 2006. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59223-579-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-59223-579-4"><bdi>1-59223-579-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70170307">70170307</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+solar+system+%3A+exploring+the+planets+and+their+moons+from+Mercury+to+Pluto+and+beyond&rft.place=San+Diego%2C+Calif.&rft.pub=Thunder+Bay+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70170307&rft.isbn=1-59223-579-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F70170307&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFTobieGrassetLunineMocquet2005" class="citation journal cs1">Tobie, Gabriel; Grasset, Olivier; Lunine, Jonathan I.; Mocquet, Antoine; Sotin, Christophe (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0019103504004269">"Titan's internal structure inferred from a coupled thermal-orbital model"</a>. <i>Icarus</i>. <b>175</b> (2): 496–502. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005Icar..175..496T">2005Icar..175..496T</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.icarus.2004.12.007">10.1016/j.icarus.2004.12.007</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.atitle=Titan%27s+internal+structure+inferred+from+a+coupled+thermal-orbital+model&rft.volume=175&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=496-502&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.icarus.2004.12.007&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005Icar..175..496T&rft.aulast=Tobie&rft.aufirst=Gabriel&rft.au=Grasset%2C+Olivier&rft.au=Lunine%2C+Jonathan+I.&rft.au=Mocquet%2C+Antoine&rft.au=Sotin%2C+Christophe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0019103504004269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFVerbiscerFrenchShowalterHelfenstein2007" class="citation journal cs1">Verbiscer, A.; French, R.; Showalter, M.; Helfenstein, P. (2007-02-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1134681">"Enceladus: Cosmic Graffiti Artist Caught in the Act"</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>315</b> (5813): 815. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007Sci...315..815V">2007Sci...315..815V</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1134681">10.1126/science.1134681</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17289992">17289992</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:21932253">21932253</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Enceladus%3A+Cosmic+Graffiti+Artist+Caught+in+the+Act&rft.volume=315&rft.issue=5813&rft.pages=815&rft.date=2007-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A21932253%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007Sci...315..815V&rft.issn=0036-8075&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1134681&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17289992&rft.aulast=Verbiscer&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=French%2C+R.&rft.au=Showalter%2C+M.&rft.au=Helfenstein%2C+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org%2Flookup%2Fdoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1134681&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFGibbMummaDello_RussoDiSanti2003" class="citation journal cs1">Gibb, E.L.; Mumma, M.J.; Dello Russo, N.; DiSanti, M.A.; Magee-Sauer, K. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S001910350300201X">"Methane in Oort cloud comets"</a>. <i>Icarus</i>. <b>165</b> (2): 391–406. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Icar..165..391G">2003Icar..165..391G</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0019-1035%2803%2900201-X">10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00201-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Icarus&rft.atitle=Methane+in+Oort+cloud+comets&rft.volume=165&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=391-406&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0019-1035%2803%2900201-X&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003Icar..165..391G&rft.aulast=Gibb&rft.aufirst=E.L.&rft.au=Mumma%2C+M.J.&rft.au=Dello+Russo%2C+N.&rft.au=DiSanti%2C+M.A.&rft.au=Magee-Sauer%2C+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS001910350300201X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AWater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724317"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-VSMOW-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-VSMOW_6-0">1.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-VSMOW_6-1">1.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vienna_Standard_Mean_Ocean_Water&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water (not yet started)">Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water</a> (VSMOW), used for calibration, melts at 273.1500089(10) K (0.000089(10) °C, and boils at 373.1339 K (99.9839 °C). Other isotopic compositions melt or boil at slightly different temperatures.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> A commonly quoted value of 15.7 used mainly in organic chemistry for the pK<sub>a</sub> of water is incorrect.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671870">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671876">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r8662964"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Water" class="extiw" title="commons:Water">Water</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Water">Water</a> Citizendium</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://essaydiary.com/essay-on-water-water-essay/">Importance of Water</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210928062806/https://essaydiary.com/essay-on-water-water-essay/">Archived</a> 2021-09-28 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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