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New Jewel Movement — Wikipédia

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</nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">New Jewel Movement</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 14 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moviment_New_Jewel" title="Moviment New Jewel – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Moviment New Jewel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jewel_Movement" title="New Jewel Movement – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="New Jewel Movement" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jewel_Movement" title="New Jewel Movement – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="New Jewel Movement" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimiento_New_Jewel" title="Movimiento New Jewel – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Movimiento New Jewel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerakan_New_Jewel" title="Gerakan New Jewel – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gerakan New Jewel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jewel_Movement" title="New Jewel Movement – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="New Jewel Movement" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimento_New_Jewel" title="Movimento New Jewel – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Movimento New Jewel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5,_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Новый совместный поход за благосостояние, образование и освобождение – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Новый совместный поход за благосостояние, образование и освобождение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokret_New_Jewel" title="Pokret New Jewel – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pokret New Jewel" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5,_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%92%D0%B5%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Нови заједнички подухват за благостање, образовање и ослобођење – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нови заједнички подухват за благостање, образовање и ослобођење" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jewel_Movement" title="New Jewel Movement – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="New Jewel Movement" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeni_M%C3%BCcevher_Hareketi" title="Yeni Mücevher Hareketi – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yeni Mücevher Hareketi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F_%D1%83_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%96_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F,_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Спільні зусилля у галузі соціального забезпечення, освіти та визволення – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Спільні зусилля у галузі соціального забезпечення, освіти та визволення" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%AE%9D%E7%9F%B3%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="新宝石运动 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="新宝石运动" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1267080#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/New_Jewel_Movement" title="Voir le contenu de la page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l&#039;encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive large"><div class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#E1E1E1;color:#000"><div>Mouvement Nouveau JEWEL</div></div><table><caption style="color:#000;text-align:center;background-color:#E1E1E1">Histoire</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">Fondation</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p571"><time class="nowrap date-lien" datetime="1973-03-11" data-sort-value="1973-03-11"><a href="/wiki/11_mars" title="11 mars">11</a> <a href="/wiki/Mars_1973" title="Mars 1973">mars</a> <a href="/wiki/1973" title="1973">1973</a></time><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1267080?uselang=fr#P571" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Dissolution</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p576"><time datetime="1983" data-sort-value="1983" class="date-lien"><a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a></time><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1267080?uselang=fr#P576" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="color:#000;text-align:center;background-color:#E1E1E1">Cadre</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">Type</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p31"><a href="/wiki/Parti_politique" title="Parti politique">Parti politique</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1267080?uselang=fr#P31" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Siège</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p159">Heiliger Georg<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1267080?uselang=fr#P159" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Pays</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p17"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Flag_of_Grenada.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/20px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/30px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/40px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Grenade_(pays)" title="Grenade (pays)">Grenade</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1267080?uselang=fr#P17" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="color:#000;text-align:center;background-color:#E1E1E1">Organisation</caption><tbody><tr class=""><th scope="row">Président</th><td class=""><div> <span class="wd_p488"><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bishop" title="Maurice Bishop">Maurice Bishop</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1267080?uselang=fr#P488" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row">Idéologie</th><td class=""><div> <a href="/wiki/Communisme" title="Communisme">Communisme</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Marxisme-l%C3%A9ninisme" title="Marxisme-léninisme">Marxisme-léninisme</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Socialisme_r%C3%A9volutionnaire" title="Socialisme révolutionnaire">Socialisme révolutionnaire</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Populisme_de_gauche" title="Populisme de gauche">Populisme de gauche</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Panafricanisme" title="Panafricanisme">Panafricanisme</a><br /><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9colonisation" title="Décolonisation">Décolonisation</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar noprint bordered navigation-not-searchable" style="border-top:1px solid #E1E1E1"><span class="plainlinks" style="text-align:left"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Jewel_Movement&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=0">modifier</a> - <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Jewel_Movement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=0">modifier le code</a> - <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1267080" class="extiw" title="d:Q1267080">modifier Wikidata</a></span><span style="text-align:right"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Infobox_Organisation2" title="Documentation du modèle"><img alt="Documentation du modèle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></p></div> <p>Le <i><b><span class="lang-en" lang="en">New Joint Endeavor for Welfare, Education, and Liberation</span></b></i> (Nouvel effort commun pour le bien-être, l'éducation et la libération) ou <i><b><span class="lang-en" lang="en">New Jewel Movement</span></b></i> (Nouveau mouvement bijou) est un parti politique <a href="/wiki/Marxisme-l%C3%A9ninisme" title="Marxisme-léninisme">marxiste-léniniste</a> <a href="/wiki/Grenade_(%C3%AEle)" title="Grenade (île)">grenadin</a> fondé en 1973 par <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bishop" title="Maurice Bishop">Maurice Bishop</a>. Après avoir pris le pouvoir en 1979, les dirigeants du NJM créent le <a href="/wiki/Gouvernement_populaire_r%C3%A9volutionnaire_de_la_Grenade" class="mw-redirect" title="Gouvernement populaire révolutionnaire de la Grenade">Gouvernement populaire révolutionnaire de la Grenade</a>. Le NJM cesse d'exister en 1983 après l'<a href="/wiki/Invasion_de_la_Grenade" title="Invasion de la Grenade">invasion de la Grenade</a> par les <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historique">Historique</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Jewel_Movement&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Historique" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Jewel_Movement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Historique"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origines">Origines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Jewel_Movement&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : Origines" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Jewel_Movement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Origines"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Au cours des années 1970, la situation politique à la Grenade est devenue de plus en plus polarisée et violente. Le <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">New Jewel Mouvement</span></i> (NJM) est officiellement créé le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1973-03-11" data-sort-value="1973-03-11">11 mars 1973</time> en tant qu'alliance du <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Joint Endeavor for Welfare, Education, and Liberation</span></i> (Effort commun pour le bien-être, l'éducation et la libération, JEWEL) et le <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Movement for Assemblies of the People</span></i> (Mouvement pour les assemblées du peuple, MAP)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> dirigé par <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bishop" title="Maurice Bishop">Maurice Bishop</a>. </p><p>Pour les élections générales de 1976, il forme une coalition électorale connue sous le nom d'Alliance populaire avec le <a href="/wiki/Parti_national_grenadien" title="Parti national grenadien">Parti national grenadien</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Parti_populaire_uni" title="Parti populaire uni">Parti populaire uni</a>. Cependant, l'alliance perd au profit du <a href="/wiki/Parti_travailliste_uni_de_Grenade" title="Parti travailliste uni de Grenade">Parti travailliste uni de Grenade</a> au cours d'élections qualifiées de frauduleuses par les observateurs internationaux. À la fin des années 1970, le NJM forme l'Armée de libération nationale (ALN), <span class="need_ref" title="Ce passage nécessite une référence (demandé le mars 2022)." style="cursor:help;">également connue sous le nom de <span class="citation">«&#160;12 apôtres&#160;»</span>.</span><sup class="need_ref_tag" style="padding-left:2px;"><a href="/wiki/Aide:R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence_n%C3%A9cessaire" title="Aide:Référence nécessaire">&#91;réf.&#160;nécessaire&#93;</a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_prise_et_l'exercice_du_pouvoir"><span id="La_prise_et_l.27exercice_du_pouvoir"></span>La prise et l'exercice du pouvoir</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Jewel_Movement&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier la section : La prise et l&#039;exercice du pouvoir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Jewel_Movement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : La prise et l&#039;exercice du pouvoir"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1979-03-09" data-sort-value="1979-03-09">9 mars 1979</time>, le NJM, profitant d'un séjour d'<a href="/wiki/Eric_Gairy" title="Eric Gairy">Eric Gairy</a> à l'étranger, prend le contrôle de la caserne, de la station de radio, des bâtiments gouvernementaux et des commissariats de police du pays. <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bishop" title="Maurice Bishop">Maurice Bishop</a> suspend la constitution et annonce que le NJM forme le <a href="/wiki/Gouvernement_populaire_r%C3%A9volutionnaire_de_la_Grenade" class="mw-redirect" title="Gouvernement populaire révolutionnaire de la Grenade">Gouvernement populaire révolutionnaire de la Grenade</a>, avec lui-même comme Premier ministre. Le NJM se considère alors comme un parti en route vers le communisme, mais pas comme un parti communiste à cause du faible poids de la classe ouvrière dans la société grenadienne et du faible niveau d'éducation <a href="/wiki/Marxisme-L%C3%A9ninisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxisme-Léninisme">marxiste-léniniste</a> de la population. </p><p>Après avoir refusé l'aide des <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a>, le NJM se tourne vers <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> pour aider au développement du pays, en particulier pour la construction de la nouvelle piste de l'<a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9roport_international_Maurice-Bishop" title="Aéroport international Maurice-Bishop">aéroport international de Point Salines</a>. Les techniciens cubains aident aussi au développement et à la formation d'une force de police. Le NJM devient aussi le seul parti officiel, même si le gouvernement révolutionnaire n'écrit pas de nouvelle constitution pour la Grenade. Cette situation et particulièrement le rapprochement avec Cuba inquiète les États-Unis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_division_et_la_fin">La division et la fin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Jewel_Movement&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier la section : La division et la fin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Jewel_Movement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : La division et la fin"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>À partir du début de l'année 1983, le parti se divise avec une fraction intransigeante, menée par <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Coard" title="Bernard Coard">Bernard Coard</a> et de plus en plus critique envers Bishop. Cela aboutit à la division du parti et Coard mène un coup d'état et jette Bishop en prison. Les manifestations populaires obtiennent la libération de Bishop qui dans une tentative pour reprendre le pouvoir est fusillé. Finalement, c'est l'armée qui prend le pouvoir et forme un gouvernement sous la direction d'<a href="/wiki/Hudson_Austin" title="Hudson Austin">Hudson Austin</a>. Les États-Unis lance alors l'<a href="/wiki/Invasion_de_la_Grenade" title="Invasion de la Grenade">invasion de la Grenade</a> et le NJM quitte définitivement la scène politique grenadienne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Jewel_Movement&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier la section : Notes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Jewel_Movement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Nohlen2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Dieter_Nohlen2005"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Dieter Nohlen, <cite class="italique" lang="en">Elections in the Americas&#160;: A data handbook</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr>&#160;1, Oxford, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, <time>2005</time>, 739&#160;<abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-0-19-928357-6" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-0-19-928357-6"><span class="nowrap">978-0-19-928357-6</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr>&#160;302<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Elections+in+the+Americas&amp;rft.place=Oxford&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.stitle=A+data+handbook&amp;rft.aulast=Nohlen&amp;rft.aufirst=Dieter&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.volume=1&amp;rft.pages=302&amp;rft.tpages=739&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-928357-6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ANew+Jewel+Movement"></span></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Jewel_Movement&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Jewel_Movement&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers">Notice dans un dictionnaire ou une encyclopédie généraliste<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1267080?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" 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