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id="toc-Cosmetic_requirements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pitam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pitam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span><i>Pitam</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pitam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pitam_preservation_technique" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pitam_preservation_technique"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span><i>Pitam</i> preservation technique</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pitam_preservation_technique-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Purity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Purity</span> </div> </a> <button 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Customs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Customs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Customs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle External links subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Video" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Video</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Etrog</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" 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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrog" title="Etrog – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Etrog" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrog" title="Etrog – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Etrog" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrog" title="Etrog – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Etrog" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrog" title="Etrog – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Etrog" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrogo" title="Etrogo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Etrogo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrog" title="Etrog – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Etrog" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrog" title="Etrog – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Etrog" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC" title="اتروج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اتروج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utrujah" title="Utrujah – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Utrujah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adamseple_(frukt)" title="Adamseple (frukt) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Adamseple (frukt)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrog" title="Etrog – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Etrog" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrog" title="Etrog – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Etrog" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etrog" title="Etrog – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Etrog" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q254872#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Edible fruit cultivar</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Etrog_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Etrog (disambiguation)">Etrog (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Etrog5812.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Etrog5812.jpg/220px-Etrog5812.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="378" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Etrog5812.jpg/330px-Etrog5812.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Etrog5812.jpg/440px-Etrog5812.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1551" data-file-height="2662" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/Greek_citron" title="Greek citron">Israeli <i>etrog</i></a>, with <i>pitam</i> and <i>gartel</i> (ridge around the center)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Etrog</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">אֶתְרוֹג</span>, plural: <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">etrogim</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Hebrew" title="Ashkenazi Hebrew">Ashkenazi Hebrew</a>: <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">esrog</i></span>, plural: <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">esrogim</i></span>) is the yellow <a href="/wiki/Citron" title="Citron">citron</a> (<i>Citrus medica</i>) used by Jews during the weeklong holiday of <a href="/wiki/Sukkot" title="Sukkot">Sukkot</a> as one of the <a href="/wiki/Four_species" title="Four species">four species</a>. Together with the <i><a href="/wiki/Lulav" title="Lulav">lulav</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hadass" title="Hadass">hadass</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Aravah_(Sukkot)" title="Aravah (Sukkot)">aravah</a></i>, the <i>etrog</i> is taken in hand and held or waved during specific portions of the holiday prayers. Special care is often given to selecting an <i>etrog</i> for the performance of the Sukkot holiday rituals.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etrog&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanization of the Hebrew</a> as <i>etrog</i> from <a href="/wiki/Sephardi_Hebrew" title="Sephardi Hebrew">Sephardi Hebrew</a> is widely used. The <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Hebrew" title="Ashkenazi Hebrew">Ashkenazi Hebrew</a> pronunciation is <i>esrog</i> or <i>esrig</i>. It has been <a href="/wiki/Transliterated" class="mw-redirect" title="Transliterated">transliterated</a> as <i>etrog</i> or <i>ethrog</i> in scholarly works.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hebrew word is thought to derive from the <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> name for the fruit, <i>wādrang</i>, which first appears in the <a href="/wiki/Vendidad" title="Vendidad">Vendidad</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoster201824_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoster201824-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Related words are Persian <i>turunj</i> (<span title="Persian-language text"><span lang="fa" dir="rtl">ترنج</span></span>) and Aramaic <span title="Jewish Babylonian Aramaic (ca. 200-1200 CE)-language text"><span lang="tmr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">אַתְרוּגָּא</span>‎</span></span> <i>ʾaṯruggā</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has also made its way into <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a> as <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">.mw-parser-output .script-arabic{font-family:"Scheherazade New","SF Arabic",Amiri,"Noto Naskh Arabic","Droid Arabic Naskh","Noto Sans Arabic","Sakkal Majalla","Harmattan","Arabic Typesetting","Arabic Transparent","Times New Roman",Arial,Calibri,"Microsoft Sans Serif","Segoe UI",serif,sans-serif;font-weight:normal}</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">أُتْرُجَّةِ</span>‎ <i>utrujjah</i> notably in a <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> collected in the <i><a href="/wiki/Sahih_Muslim" title="Sahih Muslim">Sahih Muslim</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A rare Aramaic form, <i>etronga</i> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">אתרונגא</span>‎), is significant because it retains the <a href="/wiki/Alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar nasal">alveolar nasal</a> sound (as indicated by the <i><a href="/wiki/Nun_(letter)" title="Nun (letter)">nun</a></i>) of <i>wādrang</i>, also observable in the English word '<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/orange" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:orange">orange</a>'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoster201825_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoster201825-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etrog&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ADFF2F"><a href="/wiki/Citron" title="Citron">Citron</a> <a href="/wiki/Variety_(botany)" title="Variety (botany)">varieties</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:3_etrog.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/3_etrog.JPG/200px-3_etrog.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/3_etrog.JPG/300px-3_etrog.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/3_etrog.JPG/400px-3_etrog.JPG 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="336" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#FFFFE0"> <a href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">Acidic</a>-pulp varieties</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balady_citron" title="Balady citron">Balady citron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamante_citron" title="Diamante citron">Diamante citron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_citron" title="Greek citron">Greek citron</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#FFFFE0"> Non-<a href="/wiki/Acid" title="Acid">acidic</a> varieties</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corsican_citron" title="Corsican citron">Corsican citron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_citron" title="Moroccan citron">Moroccan citron</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#FFFFE0"> Pulpless varieties</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddha%27s_hand" title="Buddha's hand">Fingered citron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_citron" title="Yemenite citron">Yemenite citron</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#FFFFE0"> Citron <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_(biology)" title="Hybrid (biology)">hybrids</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bizzarria" title="Bizzarria">Bizzarria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_citron" title="Florentine citron">Florentine citron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabbad" title="Kabbad">Kabbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumia_(citrus)" title="Lumia (citrus)">Lumia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompia" title="Pompia">Pompia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponderosa_lemon" title="Ponderosa lemon">Ponderosa lemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangpur_(fruit)" title="Rangpur (fruit)">Rangpur lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhobs_el_Arsa" title="Rhobs el Arsa">Rhobs el Arsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rough_lemon" title="Rough lemon">Rough lemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkamer_lemon" title="Volkamer lemon">Volkamer lemon</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#FFFFE0"> Related articles</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_taxonomy" title="Citrus taxonomy">Citrus taxonomy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Etrog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succade" title="Succade">Succade</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Citron_varieties" title="Template:Citron varieties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Citron_varieties" title="Template talk:Citron varieties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Citron_varieties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Citron varieties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Citrus_taxonomy#Citrons" title="Citrus taxonomy">Citrus taxonomy § Citrons</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">Modern Hebrew</a>, <i>etrog</i> is the name for any <a href="/wiki/Variety_(botany)" title="Variety (botany)">variety</a> or form of citron, whether kosher for the ritual or not. In general usage, though, the word is often reserved to refer only to those varieties and specimens used ritually as one of the <a href="/wiki/Four_species" title="Four species">four species</a>. Some <a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">taxonomic</a> experts, like <a href="/wiki/Robert_Willard_Hodgson" title="Robert Willard Hodgson">Hodgson</a> and others, have mistakenly treated <i>etrog</i> as one <a href="/wiki/Greek_citron" title="Greek citron">specific variety</a> of citron.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The various <a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethnic_divisions" title="Jewish ethnic divisions">Jewish rites</a> utilize different varieties, according to their tradition or the decision of their respective <i><a href="/wiki/Posek" title="Posek">posek</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biblical_references">Biblical references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etrog&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Biblical references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> On the first day you shall take the fruit of majestic trees, branches of palm trees, boughs of leafy trees, and willows of the brook; and you shall rejoice before the Lord your God for seven days. </p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/Leviticus" class="mw-redirect" title="Leviticus">Leviticus</a> 23:40, New Revised Standard Version</cite></div></blockquote> <p>While the biblical phrase <i>peri eitz hadar</i> (<span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">פְּרִי עֵץ הָדָר</span></span>) (translated above as "fruit of majestic trees") may be interpreted or translated in a number of ways, the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> derives that the phrase refers to the etrog. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:254px;max-width:254px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_7435_menorah_in_maon_mosaic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Original mosaic of ancient Maon Synagogue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/PikiWiki_Israel_7435_menorah_in_maon_mosaic.jpg/250px-PikiWiki_Israel_7435_menorah_in_maon_mosaic.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/PikiWiki_Israel_7435_menorah_in_maon_mosaic.jpg/375px-PikiWiki_Israel_7435_menorah_in_maon_mosaic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/PikiWiki_Israel_7435_menorah_in_maon_mosaic.jpg/500px-PikiWiki_Israel_7435_menorah_in_maon_mosaic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Original mosaic of ancient <a href="/wiki/Maon_Synagogue" title="Maon Synagogue">Maon Synagogue</a> (before the 6th century CE), depicting <i>etrogim</i> at the base of a <a href="/wiki/Menorah_(Temple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Menorah (Temple)">menorah</a>.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_28228_Mosaic_in_Or_Torah_synagogue.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Replica of Maon Mosaic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/PikiWiki_Israel_28228_Mosaic_in_Or_Torah_synagogue.JPG/250px-PikiWiki_Israel_28228_Mosaic_in_Or_Torah_synagogue.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/PikiWiki_Israel_28228_Mosaic_in_Or_Torah_synagogue.JPG/375px-PikiWiki_Israel_28228_Mosaic_in_Or_Torah_synagogue.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/PikiWiki_Israel_28228_Mosaic_in_Or_Torah_synagogue.JPG/500px-PikiWiki_Israel_28228_Mosaic_in_Or_Torah_synagogue.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Replica of Maon Mosaic in <a href="/wiki/Or_Torah_Synagogue" title="Or Torah Synagogue">Or Torah Synagogue</a>. A similar replica is placed at the yard of <a href="/wiki/Yad_Ben_Zvi" title="Yad Ben Zvi">Yad Ben Zvi</a>.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ancient_synagogue_in_Beth_Alpha_901_(7112818305).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ancient Mosaic of Beth Alpha Synagogue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ancient_synagogue_in_Beth_Alpha_901_%287112818305%29.jpg/250px-Ancient_synagogue_in_Beth_Alpha_901_%287112818305%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ancient_synagogue_in_Beth_Alpha_901_%287112818305%29.jpg/375px-Ancient_synagogue_in_Beth_Alpha_901_%287112818305%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Ancient_synagogue_in_Beth_Alpha_901_%287112818305%29.jpg/500px-Ancient_synagogue_in_Beth_Alpha_901_%287112818305%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Ancient Mosaic of <a href="/wiki/Beth_Alpha" title="Beth Alpha">Beth Alpha</a> Synagogue, depicting etrog alongside a <a href="/wiki/Lulav" title="Lulav">lulav</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shofar" title="Shofar">shofar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Menorah_(Temple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Menorah (Temple)">menora</a>.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hammat054.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Musaic of ancient Hamat Tiberias Synagogue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Hammat054.jpg/250px-Hammat054.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Hammat054.jpg/375px-Hammat054.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Hammat054.jpg/500px-Hammat054.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The four species near a <a href="/wiki/Shofar" title="Shofar">Shofar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Menorah_(Temple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Menorah (Temple)">Menorah</a>, also found in the ancient <a href="/wiki/Hamat_Tiberias" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamat Tiberias">Hamat Tiberias</a> Synagogue.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Segment_of_synagogue_mosaic_floor_from_Tiberias_at_Eretz_Israel_Museum_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ancient mosaic of Tiberian Synagogue" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Segment_of_synagogue_mosaic_floor_from_Tiberias_at_Eretz_Israel_Museum_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg/250px-Segment_of_synagogue_mosaic_floor_from_Tiberias_at_Eretz_Israel_Museum_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Segment_of_synagogue_mosaic_floor_from_Tiberias_at_Eretz_Israel_Museum_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg/375px-Segment_of_synagogue_mosaic_floor_from_Tiberias_at_Eretz_Israel_Museum_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Segment_of_synagogue_mosaic_floor_from_Tiberias_at_Eretz_Israel_Museum_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg/500px-Segment_of_synagogue_mosaic_floor_from_Tiberias_at_Eretz_Israel_Museum_in_Tel_Aviv.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Ancient mosaic of Tiberian Synagogue, today in <a href="/wiki/Eretz_Israel_Museum" title="Eretz Israel Museum">Eretz Israel Museum</a>.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Barkokhba-silver-tetradrachm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bar Kokhba silver coins" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Barkokhba-silver-tetradrachm.jpg/250px-Barkokhba-silver-tetradrachm.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Barkokhba-silver-tetradrachm.jpg/375px-Barkokhba-silver-tetradrachm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Barkokhba-silver-tetradrachm.jpg/500px-Barkokhba-silver-tetradrachm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="424" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Simon_bar_Kokhba" title="Simon bar Kokhba">Bar Kokhba</a> silver coins depicting <a href="/wiki/Lulav" title="Lulav">lulav</a> and etrog.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lulav_and_etrog_on_coin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Replica of another coin of Bar Kokhba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Lulav_and_etrog_on_coin.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="247" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="226" data-file-height="223" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Replica of a coin of <a href="/wiki/First_Jewish-Roman_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Jewish-Roman War">The First Jewish-Roman War</a> depicting <i>lulav</i> and two <i>etrogim</i>.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:252px;max-width:252px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bar_Kochba_coins.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bar Kokhba silver coins" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Bar_Kochba_coins.jpg/250px-Bar_Kochba_coins.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Bar_Kochba_coins.jpg/375px-Bar_Kochba_coins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/53/Bar_Kochba_coins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="210" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Simon_bar_Kokhba" title="Simon bar Kokhba">Bar Kokhba</a> silver coins depicting <i>lulav</i> and <i>etrog</i>.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>In modern Hebrew, <i>hadar</i> refers to the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Citrus" title="Citrus">Citrus</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Nachmanides" title="Nachmanides">Nachmanides</a> (1194 – c. 1270) suggests that the word was the original Hebrew name for the citron.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> According to this view, the word <i>etrog</i> was introduced over time and adapted from <a href="/wiki/Aramaic" title="Aramaic">Aramaic</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> name for the citron fruit, <i>itranj</i> (اترنج), mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> literature, is also adapted from Aramaic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_cultivation">Historical cultivation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etrog&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Historical cultivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Etrogim</i> were extensively cultivated in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a> at the time of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second Temple</a>, and images of <i>etrogim</i> are found at many archaeological sites of that era, including mosaics at the <a href="/wiki/Maon_Synagogue" title="Maon Synagogue">Maon Synagogue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beth_Alpha" title="Beth Alpha">Beth Alpha</a> Synagogue, and <a href="/wiki/Hamat_Tiberias" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamat Tiberias">Hamat Tiberias</a> Synagogue. At all of those sites, the <i>etrog</i> is depicted alongside other important religious symbols, like the <i><a href="/wiki/Shofar" title="Shofar">shofar</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Menorah_(Temple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Menorah (Temple)">menorah</a></i>. The <i>etrog</i> is also found on numerous <a href="/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_Revolt_coinage" class="mw-redirect" title="Bar Kokhba Revolt coinage">Bar Kokhba coins</a>. </p><p>Archaeological evidence for Citrus fruits is limited, as neither seeds nor pollen are likely to be routinely recovered in archaeology.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest evidence of <i>etrogim</i> in Israel is the 2012 discovery of citron pollen from the second century BCE in excavations at the <a href="/wiki/Ramat_Rachel" title="Ramat Rachel">Ramat Rachel</a> site.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_diaspora">In diaspora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etrog&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In diaspora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(70_CE)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)">fall of Jerusalem in 70 CE</a>, exiled Jews planted citron orchards wherever the climate allowed: in Southern Europe (<a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Diamante_citron" title="Diamante citron">Italy</a>) as well as in North Africa and <a href="/wiki/Yemenite_citron" title="Yemenite citron">Asia Minor</a>. Jews who settled north of the warmer citron-growing areas depended on imported <i>etrogim</i>, which caused much anxiety given the dangers and uncertainties of sea travel. By the seventeenth century, some of the most popular sources for <i>etrogim</i> were the islands of <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Corfu</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Since the late 1850s, the <i>Fruit of the Goodly Tree Association</i> in <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a> represented <i>etrog</i> farmers who marketed their crops to Jews in Europe. Some Jewish communities still preferred citrons from Italy, Greece, Morocco, or Yemen, but many Jews seeking citrons turned back to <i>Eretz Yisrael</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">land of Israel</a>. </p><p>American Jews continue to import the majority of their holiday <i>etrogim</i> from <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, except during <a href="/wiki/Shmita" title="Shmita">shmita</a> when there are <a href="/wiki/Halacha" class="mw-redirect" title="Halacha">halachic</a> complications in exporting the produce of Israel. The only commercial grower of etrogs in the United States is John Kirkpatrick, the former chairman of the Citrus Research Board, on a ranch in the town of <a href="/wiki/Exeter,_California" title="Exeter, California">Exeter</a> in the <a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_Valley" title="San Joaquin Valley">San Joaquin Valley</a> of California. Kirkpatrick, who is not Jewish, began growing etrogs in 1980 following a phone call with Yisroel Weisberger, an employee at a Judaica store in Brooklyn. In 1995, Weisberger's brother, Yaakov Shlomo Rothberg, became involved in the operation and has since become Kirkpatrick's business partner. As of 2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Etrog&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Kirkpatrick has 250 etrog trees and produces 3,000 suitable etrogs per year, with 9,000 that do not qualify due to halakhic requirements.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While there are other growers in California, such as Inga Dorosz and David Sleeth in the town of <a href="/wiki/Gorda,_California" title="Gorda, California">Gorda</a> near Big Sur, these are not rabbinically supervised and are therefore not kosher.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cosmetic_requirements">Cosmetic requirements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etrog&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cosmetic requirements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pitam"><i>Pitam</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etrog&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Pitam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Etrog_diagram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Etrog_diagram.jpg/150px-Etrog_diagram.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Etrog_diagram.jpg/225px-Etrog_diagram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Etrog_diagram.jpg/300px-Etrog_diagram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1788" data-file-height="2941" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of the <a href="/wiki/Halacha" class="mw-redirect" title="Halacha">Halachic</a> properties of an etrog</figcaption></figure> <p>A <i>pitam</i> or <i>pitom</i> (Hebrew: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">פיטום</span>‎; plural <i>pitamim</i>) is composed of a style (Hebrew: "<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">דַד</span>‎" <i>dad</i>), and a <a href="/wiki/Carpel" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpel">stigma</a> (Hebrew: "<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">שׁוֹשַׁנְתָּא</span>‎" <i>shoshanta</i>), and usually falls off during the growing process. An <i>etrog</i> with an intact <i>pitam</i> is considered especially valuable, but varieties that naturally shed their <i>pitam</i> during growth are also considered kosher. When only the stigma breaks off, even post-harvest, the citron can still be considered kosher as long as part of the style has remained attached. If the whole <i>pitam</i>, i.e. the stigma and style, are unnaturally broken off in their entirety, the <i>etrog</i> is not kosher for ritual use. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pitam_preservation_technique"><i>Pitam</i> preservation technique</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etrog&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Pitam preservation technique"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many more <i>pitamim</i> are preserved today due to an <a href="/wiki/Auxin" title="Auxin">auxin</a> discovered by <a href="/wiki/Eliezer_E._Goldschmidt" title="Eliezer E. Goldschmidt">Eliezer E. Goldschmidt</a>, emeritus professor of horticulture at the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew University">Hebrew University</a>. While working with the <a href="/wiki/Picloram" title="Picloram">picloram</a> hormone in a citrus orchard, he unexpectedly discovered that some of the <a href="/wiki/Valencia_orange" title="Valencia orange">Valencia oranges</a> found nearby had perfectly preserved <i>pitamim</i>. Citrus fruits, other than an <i>etrog</i> or citron hybrid like the <a href="/wiki/Bergamot_orange" title="Bergamot orange">bergamot</a>, usually do not preserve their <i>pitam</i>. On the occasions that they do, their <i>pitamim</i> tend to be dry, sunken and very fragile. In Goldschmidt's observation, the <i>pitamim</i> were all fresh and solid like those of the <a href="/wiki/Morocco_Citron" class="mw-redirect" title="Morocco Citron">Moroccan</a> or Greek citron varieties. </p><p>Experimenting with picloram in a laboratory, Goldschmidt eventually found the correct "dose" to achieve the desired effect: one droplet<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="how does a droplet compare to a drop? (December 2014)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> of the chemical in three million drops of water.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (October 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purity">Purity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etrog&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Purity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In order for a citron to be kosher, it must be neither <a href="/wiki/Grafting" title="Grafting">grafted</a> nor <a href="/wiki/Plant_breeding" title="Plant breeding">hybridized</a> with any other species. Only a few traditional varieties are therefore used. To ensure that no grafting is performed, preferred plantations are kept under strict rabbinical <a href="/wiki/Hechsher" title="Hechsher">supervision</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genetic_research">Genetic research</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etrog&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Genetic research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Citron_Balady_Etrog_Simanim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Citron_Balady_Etrog_Simanim.jpg/220px-Citron_Balady_Etrog_Simanim.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Citron_Balady_Etrog_Simanim.jpg/330px-Citron_Balady_Etrog_Simanim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Citron_Balady_Etrog_Simanim.jpg/440px-Citron_Balady_Etrog_Simanim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1846" data-file-height="2097" /></a><figcaption>Cross section of the Balady citron showing the signs for purity.</figcaption></figure> <p>The citron varieties traditionally used as <i>etrog</i> are the <a href="/wiki/Diamante_citron" title="Diamante citron">Diamante citron</a> from Italy, the <a href="/wiki/Greek_citron" title="Greek citron">Greek citron</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Balady_citron" title="Balady citron">Balady citron</a> from Israel, the <a href="/wiki/Moroccan_citron" title="Moroccan citron">Moroccan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yemenite_citron" title="Yemenite citron">Yemenite citrons</a>. </p><p>A general DNA study was conducted by Eliezer E. Goldschmidt and colleagues which tested and positively identified twelve famous <a href="/wiki/Accession_number_(bioinformatics)" title="Accession number (bioinformatics)">accessions</a> of citron for purity and being genetically related.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Fingered_Citron" class="mw-redirect" title="Fingered Citron">fingered</a> and <a href="/wiki/Florentine_citron" title="Florentine citron">Florentine citrons</a>, although they are also citron varieties or maybe <a href="/wiki/Plant_sexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant sexuality">hybrids</a>, are not used for the ritual. The <a href="/wiki/Corsican_citron" title="Corsican citron">Corsican citron</a> fell into disfavor but has recently been reintroduced for ritual use. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Selection_and_cultivation">Selection and cultivation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etrog&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Selection and cultivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to the above, there are rabbinical indicators used to distinguish pure <i>etrogim</i> from possible hybrids. These traditional indicators have been preserved by continuous <a href="/wiki/Artificial_selection" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial selection">selection</a> performed by professional farmers.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most accepted indicators are: 1) a pure <i>etrog</i> has a thick rind, contrasting with its sparing pulp <a href="/wiki/Endocarp" class="mw-redirect" title="Endocarp">segments</a> which are also almost dry, 2) the outer surface of an <i>etrog</i> is ribbed and warted, and 3) the <i>etrog</i> <a href="/wiki/Peduncle_(botany)" title="Peduncle (botany)">peduncle</a> is somewhat buried inward. By contrast, a lemon or different citron hybrid is missing one or all of the specifications.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A later and not as widely accepted indicator is the orientation of the seed. In a pure <i>etrog</i>, the seeds are oriented vertically, unless crowded by neighboring seeds; in lemons and hybrids, the seeds are oriented horizontally even when they are not crowded.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>etrog</i> is typically grown from cuttings that are two to four years old. The tree begins to bear fruit about four years after planting the cuttings.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the tree is germinated from <a href="/wiki/Plant_propagation" title="Plant propagation">seed</a>, it will not bear fruit for about seven years, and there may be some <a href="/wiki/Citrus_fruit_growing" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrus fruit growing">genetic change</a> to the tree or fruit.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Customs">Customs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etrog&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Customs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EtrogC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/EtrogC.jpg/220px-EtrogC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/EtrogC.jpg/330px-EtrogC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/EtrogC.jpg/440px-EtrogC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2413" data-file-height="1632" /></a><figcaption>On the right: An etrog (<a href="/wiki/Citron" title="Citron">citron</a>) next to its etrog carrier</figcaption></figure> <p>To protect the <i>etrog</i> during the holiday, it is traditionally wrapped in silky flax fibers and stored in a special decorative box, often made from silver.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the holiday, eating the <i>etrog</i> or <i>etrog</i> jam is considered a <i><a href="/wiki/Segula_(Kabbalah)" title="Segula (Kabbalah)">segula</a></i> (efficacious remedy) for a woman to have an easy childbirth.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A common Ashkenazi custom is to save the <i>etrog</i> until <a href="/wiki/Tu_BiShvat" title="Tu BiShvat">Tu BiShvat</a> and eat it in candied form or as <a href="/wiki/Succade" title="Succade">succade</a>, while offering prayers that the worshipper merit a beautiful <i>etrog</i> next Sukkot.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some families make jam or liqueur out of the <i>etrog</i> or make a <a href="/wiki/Pomander" title="Pomander">pomander</a> by inserting <a href="/wiki/Cloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloves">cloves</a> into the skin for use as <i><a href="/wiki/Besamim" class="mw-redirect" title="Besamim">besamim</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/Havdalah" title="Havdalah">havdalah</a> ceremony after <a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a>. </p><p><i>Etrogim</i> grown in Israel are not classified as food and are therefore not recommended to be eaten due to the large amount of pesticides used in their agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etrog&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_9435_Rabbi_Bergman_examines_a_students_citron.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rabbi Bergman re-examines an etrog for a student"><img alt="Rabbi Bergman re-examines an etrog for a student" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/PikiWiki_Israel_9435_Rabbi_Bergman_examines_a_students_citron.jpg/120px-PikiWiki_Israel_9435_Rabbi_Bergman_examines_a_students_citron.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/PikiWiki_Israel_9435_Rabbi_Bergman_examines_a_students_citron.jpg/180px-PikiWiki_Israel_9435_Rabbi_Bergman_examines_a_students_citron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/PikiWiki_Israel_9435_Rabbi_Bergman_examines_a_students_citron.jpg/240px-PikiWiki_Israel_9435_Rabbi_Bergman_examines_a_students_citron.jpg 2x" data-file-width="437" data-file-height="328" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rabbi Bergman re-examines an etrog for a student</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rabbi_dov.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rabbi Dov Landau inspecting an etrog"><img alt="Rabbi Dov Landau inspecting an etrog" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Rabbi_dov.jpg/99px-Rabbi_dov.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Rabbi_dov.jpg/149px-Rabbi_dov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Rabbi_dov.jpg/198px-Rabbi_dov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="635" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Dov_Landau" class="mw-redirect" title="Dov Landau">Dov Landau</a> inspecting an etrog</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Etrog_at_the_Market_of_the_4_Species_at_Bnei_Brak.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Balady citron in Bnei Berak market"><img alt="Balady citron in Bnei Berak market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Etrog_at_the_Market_of_the_4_Species_at_Bnei_Brak.jpg/120px-Etrog_at_the_Market_of_the_4_Species_at_Bnei_Brak.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Etrog_at_the_Market_of_the_4_Species_at_Bnei_Brak.jpg/180px-Etrog_at_the_Market_of_the_4_Species_at_Bnei_Brak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Etrog_at_the_Market_of_the_4_Species_at_Bnei_Brak.jpg/240px-Etrog_at_the_Market_of_the_4_Species_at_Bnei_Brak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2543" data-file-height="1691" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Balady citron in <a href="/wiki/Bnei_Berak" class="mw-redirect" title="Bnei Berak">Bnei Berak</a> market</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_Etrog.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Yanova etrog for sale"><img alt="Yanova etrog for sale" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Yellow_Etrog.jpg/120px-Yellow_Etrog.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Yellow_Etrog.jpg/180px-Yellow_Etrog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Yellow_Etrog.jpg/240px-Yellow_Etrog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yanova etrog for sale</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%9A_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9A_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cross section of Diamante citron, to check for genetic purity"><img alt="Cross section of Diamante citron, to check for genetic purity" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%9A_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9A_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94.jpg/120px-%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%9A_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9A_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%9A_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9A_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94.jpg/180px-%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%9A_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9A_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%9A_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9A_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94.jpg/240px-%D7%97%D7%AA%D7%9A_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9A_%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94.jpg 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="507" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cross section of Diamante citron, to check for genetic purity</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yanove_Fruit.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mature fruit of Yanover etrog"><img alt="Mature fruit of Yanover etrog" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Yanove_Fruit.jpg/120px-Yanove_Fruit.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Yanove_Fruit.jpg/180px-Yanove_Fruit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Yanove_Fruit.jpg/240px-Yanove_Fruit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mature fruit of Yanover etrog</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braverman_68.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cross section of Braverman etrog"><img alt="Cross section of Braverman etrog" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braverman_68.jpg/120px-Braverman_68.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braverman_68.jpg/180px-Braverman_68.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Braverman_68.jpg/240px-Braverman_68.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1332" data-file-height="1158" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cross section of Braverman etrog</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Teimani.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cross section in Yemenite citron"><img alt="Cross section in Yemenite citron" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Teimani.JPG/120px-Teimani.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Teimani.JPG/180px-Teimani.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Teimani.JPG/240px-Teimani.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cross section in Yemenite citron</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OrdangCross.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cross section of Greek citron"><img alt="Cross section of Greek citron" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/OrdangCross.jpg/120px-OrdangCross.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/OrdangCross.jpg/180px-OrdangCross.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/OrdangCross.jpg/240px-OrdangCross.jpg 2x" data-file-width="497" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cross section of Greek citron</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kibilevitz_cross.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Cross section of Balady citron"><img alt="Cross section of Balady citron" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Kibilevitz_cross.JPG/120px-Kibilevitz_cross.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Kibilevitz_cross.JPG/180px-Kibilevitz_cross.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Kibilevitz_cross.JPG/240px-Kibilevitz_cross.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2702" data-file-height="2284" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cross section of Balady citron</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MoroccanWSeeds.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cross section of a Moroccan citron"><img alt="Cross section of a Moroccan citron" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/MoroccanWSeeds.jpg/78px-MoroccanWSeeds.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/MoroccanWSeeds.jpg/117px-MoroccanWSeeds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/MoroccanWSeeds.jpg/156px-MoroccanWSeeds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="579" data-file-height="887" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cross section of a Moroccan citron</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Two_citrons.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Yemenite citron (left) and a Balady citron (right)"><img alt="Yemenite citron (left) and a Balady citron (right)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Two_citrons.JPG/120px-Two_citrons.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Two_citrons.JPG/180px-Two_citrons.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Two_citrons.JPG/240px-Two_citrons.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="1965" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yemenite citron (left) and a Balady citron (right)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Citron_(8448513463).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cross section of variety etrog citron, and in fingered citron."><img alt="Cross section of variety etrog citron, and in fingered citron." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Citron_%288448513463%29.jpg/120px-Citron_%288448513463%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Citron_%288448513463%29.jpg/180px-Citron_%288448513463%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Citron_%288448513463%29.jpg/240px-Citron_%288448513463%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Cross section of <a href="/wiki/Variety_etrog" class="mw-redirect" title="Variety etrog">variety etrog</a> citron, and in fingered citron.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Etrog_without_Pitom.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Diamante citron without pitam"><img alt="Diamante citron without pitam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Etrog_without_Pitom.jpg/82px-Etrog_without_Pitom.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Etrog_without_Pitom.jpg/123px-Etrog_without_Pitom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Etrog_without_Pitom.jpg/164px-Etrog_without_Pitom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="771" data-file-height="1129" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Diamante citron without <i>pitam</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Etrog_with_Pitom.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Diamante citron with pitam"><img alt="Diamante citron with pitam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Etrog_with_Pitom.jpg/75px-Etrog_with_Pitom.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Etrog_with_Pitom.jpg/113px-Etrog_with_Pitom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Etrog_with_Pitom.jpg/150px-Etrog_with_Pitom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="1115" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Diamante citron with <i>pitam</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sukot_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inspecting an etrog for flaws"><img alt="Inspecting an etrog for flaws" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Sukot_1.jpg/120px-Sukot_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Sukot_1.jpg/180px-Sukot_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Sukot_1.jpg/240px-Sukot_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inspecting an etrog for flaws</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Etrog1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inspecting a Yemenite citron"><img alt="Inspecting a Yemenite citron" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Etrog1.jpg/87px-Etrog1.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Etrog1.jpg/131px-Etrog1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Etrog1.jpg/175px-Etrog1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1756" data-file-height="2409" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inspecting a Yemenite citron</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Etrog_plants_at_kfar_chabad_with_growing_etrogs.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Shmita in Kefar Chabad, orchard left untended"><img alt="Shmita in Kefar Chabad, orchard left untended" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Etrog_plants_at_kfar_chabad_with_growing_etrogs.JPG/90px-Etrog_plants_at_kfar_chabad_with_growing_etrogs.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Etrog_plants_at_kfar_chabad_with_growing_etrogs.JPG/135px-Etrog_plants_at_kfar_chabad_with_growing_etrogs.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Etrog_plants_at_kfar_chabad_with_growing_etrogs.JPG/180px-Etrog_plants_at_kfar_chabad_with_growing_etrogs.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shmita in <a href="/wiki/Kefar_Chabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Kefar Chabad">Kefar Chabad</a>, orchard left untended</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Etrog_plants_at_kfar_chabad.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Young plants in Kefar Chabad"><img alt="Young plants in Kefar Chabad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Etrog_plants_at_kfar_chabad.JPG/90px-Etrog_plants_at_kfar_chabad.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Etrog_plants_at_kfar_chabad.JPG/135px-Etrog_plants_at_kfar_chabad.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Etrog_plants_at_kfar_chabad.JPG/180px-Etrog_plants_at_kfar_chabad.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Young plants in Kefar Chabad</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Etrog_temani_33.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Yemenite citron on tree"><img alt="Yemenite citron on tree" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Etrog_temani_33.JPG/120px-Etrog_temani_33.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Etrog_temani_33.JPG/180px-Etrog_temani_33.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Etrog_temani_33.JPG/240px-Etrog_temani_33.JPG 2x" data-file-width="733" data-file-height="492" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Yemenite citron on tree</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Etrog01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Etrog covered with cloves"><img alt="Etrog covered with cloves" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Etrog01.jpg/120px-Etrog01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Etrog01.jpg/180px-Etrog01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Etrog01.jpg/240px-Etrog01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2136" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Etrog covered with cloves</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_U.S._Embassy_Tel_Aviv_-_Sukkot2011No.029.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Four species market in Tel Aviv"><img alt="Four species market in Tel Aviv" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flickr_-_U.S._Embassy_Tel_Aviv_-_Sukkot2011No.029.jpg/120px-Flickr_-_U.S._Embassy_Tel_Aviv_-_Sukkot2011No.029.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flickr_-_U.S._Embassy_Tel_Aviv_-_Sukkot2011No.029.jpg/180px-Flickr_-_U.S._Embassy_Tel_Aviv_-_Sukkot2011No.029.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flickr_-_U.S._Embassy_Tel_Aviv_-_Sukkot2011No.029.jpg/240px-Flickr_-_U.S._Embassy_Tel_Aviv_-_Sukkot2011No.029.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="799" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Four_species" title="Four species">Four species</a> market in Tel Aviv</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_15578_etrog.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pitam close-up"><img alt="Pitam close-up" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/PikiWiki_Israel_15578_etrog.jpg/120px-PikiWiki_Israel_15578_etrog.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/PikiWiki_Israel_15578_etrog.jpg/180px-PikiWiki_Israel_15578_etrog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/PikiWiki_Israel_15578_etrog.jpg/240px-PikiWiki_Israel_15578_etrog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Pitam</i> close-up</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Etrogflower.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Etrog blossom"><img alt="Etrog blossom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Etrogflower.jpg/107px-Etrogflower.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Etrogflower.jpg/160px-Etrogflower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Etrogflower.jpg/214px-Etrogflower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="247" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Etrog blossom</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:V05p261002_Etrog.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Etrog tree from Jewish Encyclopedia"><img alt="Etrog tree from Jewish Encyclopedia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/V05p261002_Etrog.jpg/77px-V05p261002_Etrog.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/V05p261002_Etrog.jpg/115px-V05p261002_Etrog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/V05p261002_Etrog.jpg/154px-V05p261002_Etrog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="329" data-file-height="513" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Etrog tree from <i><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Encyclopedia">Jewish Encyclopedia</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_(GPO)_-_An_Etrog.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Man in Mea Shearim inspecting etrog"><img alt="Man in Mea Shearim inspecting etrog" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_An_Etrog.jpg/103px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_An_Etrog.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_An_Etrog.jpg/155px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_An_Etrog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_An_Etrog.jpg/207px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_An_Etrog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1672" data-file-height="1938" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Man in <a href="/wiki/Mea_Shearim" title="Mea Shearim">Mea Shearim</a> inspecting etrog</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gartel.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Moroccan etrog with prominent gartel"><img alt="Moroccan etrog with prominent gartel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gartel.JPG/76px-Gartel.JPG" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gartel.JPG/115px-Gartel.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Gartel.JPG/153px-Gartel.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1092" data-file-height="1711" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Moroccan etrog with prominent <i>gartel</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:THE_HOLIDAY_OF_SUCCOT_IN_JERUSALEM.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="At Western wall"><img alt="At Western wall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/THE_HOLIDAY_OF_SUCCOT_IN_JERUSALEM.jpg/80px-THE_HOLIDAY_OF_SUCCOT_IN_JERUSALEM.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/THE_HOLIDAY_OF_SUCCOT_IN_JERUSALEM.jpg/120px-THE_HOLIDAY_OF_SUCCOT_IN_JERUSALEM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/THE_HOLIDAY_OF_SUCCOT_IN_JERUSALEM.jpg/160px-THE_HOLIDAY_OF_SUCCOT_IN_JERUSALEM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="334" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">At <a href="/wiki/Western_wall" class="mw-redirect" title="Western wall">Western wall</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Laubh%C3%BCttenfest.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="German painting"><img alt="German painting" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Laubh%C3%BCttenfest.jpg/120px-Laubh%C3%BCttenfest.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Laubh%C3%BCttenfest.jpg/180px-Laubh%C3%BCttenfest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Laubh%C3%BCttenfest.jpg/240px-Laubh%C3%BCttenfest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1068" data-file-height="695" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">German painting</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_(GPO)_-_Bnei_Brak.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Two Hasidim in Bnei Berak"><img alt="Two Hasidim in Bnei Berak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Bnei_Brak.jpg/80px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Bnei_Brak.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Bnei_Brak.jpg/120px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Bnei_Brak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Bnei_Brak.jpg/160px-Flickr_-_Government_Press_Office_%28GPO%29_-_Bnei_Brak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Two Hasidim in <a href="/wiki/Bnei_Berak" class="mw-redirect" title="Bnei Berak">Bnei Berak</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_227_ks-13-_392_%D7%91%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%AA_%D7%9B%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99_%D7%92%D7%9F-%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Old photo of grower"><img alt="Old photo of grower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/PikiWiki_Israel_227_ks-13-_392_%D7%91%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%AA_%D7%9B%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99_%D7%92%D7%9F-%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C.jpg/82px-PikiWiki_Israel_227_ks-13-_392_%D7%91%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%AA_%D7%9B%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99_%D7%92%D7%9F-%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/PikiWiki_Israel_227_ks-13-_392_%D7%91%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%AA_%D7%9B%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99_%D7%92%D7%9F-%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C.jpg/124px-PikiWiki_Israel_227_ks-13-_392_%D7%91%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%AA_%D7%9B%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99_%D7%92%D7%9F-%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/PikiWiki_Israel_227_ks-13-_392_%D7%91%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%AA_%D7%9B%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99_%D7%92%D7%9F-%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C.jpg/165px-PikiWiki_Israel_227_ks-13-_392_%D7%91%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%AA_%D7%9B%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%9D_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99_%D7%92%D7%9F-%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C.jpg 2x" data-file-width="413" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Old photo of grower</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92_1.png" class="mw-file-description" title="An etrog from many angles"><img alt="An etrog from many angles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92_1.png/120px-%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92_1.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92_1.png/180px-%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92_1.png/240px-%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92_1.png 2x" data-file-width="793" data-file-height="591" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An etrog from many angles</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Etrogschale.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Round silver etrog box"><img alt="Round silver etrog box" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Etrogschale.jpg/120px-Etrogschale.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Etrogschale.jpg/180px-Etrogschale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Etrogschale.jpg/240px-Etrogschale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1676" data-file-height="1102" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Round silver etrog box</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cidra_fruto.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Etrog with half-dried pitam"><img alt="Etrog with half-dried pitam" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Cidra_fruto.JPG/120px-Cidra_fruto.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Cidra_fruto.JPG/180px-Cidra_fruto.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Cidra_fruto.JPG/240px-Cidra_fruto.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Etrog with half-dried <i>pitam</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Citrus_medica_%27Ethrog%27_-_Etrog_citron.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Etrog plants in nursery"><img alt="Etrog plants in nursery" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Citrus_medica_%27Ethrog%27_-_Etrog_citron.jpg/120px-Citrus_medica_%27Ethrog%27_-_Etrog_citron.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Citrus_medica_%27Ethrog%27_-_Etrog_citron.jpg/180px-Citrus_medica_%27Ethrog%27_-_Etrog_citron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Citrus_medica_%27Ethrog%27_-_Etrog_citron.jpg/240px-Citrus_medica_%27Ethrog%27_-_Etrog_citron.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Etrog plants in nursery</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Citrus_medica_leaves.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Etrog leaves"><img alt="Etrog leaves" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Citrus_medica_leaves.jpg/68px-Citrus_medica_leaves.jpg" decoding="async" width="68" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Citrus_medica_leaves.jpg/102px-Citrus_medica_leaves.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Citrus_medica_leaves.jpg/136px-Citrus_medica_leaves.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1904" data-file-height="3364" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Etrog leaves</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cidra_flor.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Citron (etrog) flowers"><img alt="Citron (etrog) flowers" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Cidra_flor.JPG/90px-Cidra_flor.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Cidra_flor.JPG/135px-Cidra_flor.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Cidra_flor.JPG/180px-Cidra_flor.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Citron (etrog) flowers</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Etrog_Box_designed_by_Rabbi_Joseph-Meyer_Elefant_in_the_1950s.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Silver etrog box designed by Rabbi Chaim-Joseph-Meyer Elefant (1897-1976) in the early 1950s"><img alt="Silver etrog box designed by Rabbi Chaim-Joseph-Meyer Elefant (1897-1976) in the early 1950s" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Etrog_Box_designed_by_Rabbi_Joseph-Meyer_Elefant_in_the_1950s.jpg/93px-Etrog_Box_designed_by_Rabbi_Joseph-Meyer_Elefant_in_the_1950s.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Etrog_Box_designed_by_Rabbi_Joseph-Meyer_Elefant_in_the_1950s.jpg/140px-Etrog_Box_designed_by_Rabbi_Joseph-Meyer_Elefant_in_the_1950s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Etrog_Box_designed_by_Rabbi_Joseph-Meyer_Elefant_in_the_1950s.jpg/186px-Etrog_Box_designed_by_Rabbi_Joseph-Meyer_Elefant_in_the_1950s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2822" data-file-height="3633" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Silver etrog box designed by Rabbi Chaim-Joseph-Meyer Elefant (1897-1976) in the early 1950s</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etrog&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_taxonomy" title="Citrus taxonomy">Citrus taxonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ceremonial_art#Sukkot_items" title="Jewish ceremonial art">Etrog box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Auerbach" title="Meir Auerbach">Meir Auerbach</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etrog&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 27em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/in-calabria-rabbis-and-farmers-continue-a-2000-year-old-etrog-tradition/amp/">"In Calabria, rabbis and farmers continue a 2,000-year-old etrog tradition | the Times of Israel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=In+Calabria%2C+rabbis+and+farmers+continue+a+2%2C000-year-old+etrog+tradition+%26%23124%3B+the+Times+of+Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fin-calabria-rabbis-and-farmers-continue-a-2000-year-old-etrog-tradition%2Famp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtrog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lib.ucr.edu/agnic/webber/Vol1/Chapter4.html#acid">The Citrus Industry</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080308005736/http://lib.ucr.edu/agnic/webber/Vol1/Chapter4.html#acid">Archived</a> March 8, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoster201824-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoster201824_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoster2018">Moster (2018)</a>, p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/2012-02-02/ty-article/jerusalem-dig-uncovers-earliest-evidence-of-local-cultivation-of-etrogs/0000017f-e3c2-d568-ad7f-f3ebc5440000">"Jerusalem Dig Uncovers Earliest Evidence of Local Cultivation of Etrogs"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Jerusalem+Dig+Uncovers+Earliest+Evidence+of+Local+Cultivation+of+Etrogs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2F2012-02-02%2Fty-article%2Fjerusalem-dig-uncovers-earliest-evidence-of-local-cultivation-of-etrogs%2F0000017f-e3c2-d568-ad7f-f3ebc5440000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtrog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStetkevych1994" class="citation book cs1">Stetkevych, Suzanne Pinckney (1994). <i>Reorientations: Arabic and Persian poetry</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citrusvariety.ucr.edu/citrus/ethrog.html">the original</a> on 2015-06-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.citrusvariety.ucr.edu&rft.atitle=ethrog&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citrusvariety.ucr.edu%2Fcitrus%2Fethrog.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtrog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFullerCastilloKingwell-BanhamQin2018" class="citation book cs1">Fuller, Dorian Q.; Castillo, Cristina; Kingwell-Banham, Eleanor; Qin, Ling; Weisskopf, Alison (15 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.openedition.org/pcjb/2173"><i>Charred pummelo peel, historical linguistics and other tree crops: Approaches to framing the historical context of early Citrus cultivation in East, South and Southeast Asia</i></a>. Collection du Centre Jean Bérard. Publications du Centre Jean Bérard. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782918887775" title="Special:BookSources/9782918887775"><bdi>9782918887775</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Charred+pummelo+peel%2C+historical+linguistics+and+other+tree+crops%3A+Approaches+to+framing+the+historical+context+of+early+Citrus+cultivation+in+East%2C+South+and+Southeast+Asia&rft.series=Collection+du+Centre+Jean+B%C3%A9rard&rft.pub=Publications+du+Centre+Jean+B%C3%A9rard&rft.date=2018-01-15&rft.isbn=9782918887775&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=Dorian+Q.&rft.au=Castillo%2C+Cristina&rft.au=Kingwell-Banham%2C+Eleanor&rft.au=Qin%2C+Ling&rft.au=Weisskopf%2C+Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.openedition.org%2Fpcjb%2F2173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtrog" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|website=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greenprophet.com/2012/07/ramat-rachel-etrog-tree/">First evidence of the etrog tree in Israel</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/jerusalem-dig-uncovers-earliest-evidence-of-local-cultivation-of-etrogs-1.410505#acid">Jerusalem dig uncovers earliest evidence of local cultivation of etrogs</a></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/community/articles/etrog-man">"America's Only Etrog Farmer Isn't Even Jewish"</a>. <i>Tablet Magazine</i>. 2011-10-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tablet+Magazine&rft.atitle=America%27s+Only+Etrog+Farmer+Isn%27t+Even+Jewish&rft.date=2011-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tabletmag.com%2Fsections%2Fcommunity%2Farticles%2Fetrog-man&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtrog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWall2016" class="citation web cs1">Wall, Alix (2016-10-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jweekly.com/2016/10/14/the-elegant-elusive-etrog-growing-the-symbol-of-sukkot-in-california/">"The elegant, elusive etrog: Growing the symbol of Sukkot in California"</a>. <i>J</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-10-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=J.&rft.atitle=The+elegant%2C+elusive+etrog%3A+Growing+the+symbol+of+Sukkot+in+California&rft.date=2016-10-14&rft.aulast=Wall&rft.aufirst=Alix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjweekly.com%2F2016%2F10%2F14%2Fthe-elegant-elusive-etrog-growing-the-symbol-of-sukkot-in-california%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtrog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldschmidt,_E._E.Leshem,_B.1971" class="citation journal cs1">Goldschmidt, E. E.; Leshem, B. (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2441301">"Style Abscission in the Citron (Citrus medica L.) and Other Citrus Species: Morphology, Physiology, and Chemical Control with Picloram"</a>. <i>American Journal of Botany</i>. <b>58</b> (1): 14–23. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2441301">10.2307/2441301</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2441301">2441301</a> – via JSTOR.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Style+Abscission+in+the+Citron+%28Citrus+medica+L.%29+and+Other+Citrus+Species%3A+Morphology%2C+Physiology%2C+and+Chemical+Control+with+Picloram&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=14-23&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2441301&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2441301%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Goldschmidt%2C+E.+E.&rft.au=Leshem%2C+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2441301&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtrog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/40/7/1963.full.pdf+html">Search Authentic Citron</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190126201137/http://hortsci.ashspublications.org/content/40/7/1963.full.pdf+html">Archived</a> 2019-01-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <ul><li>A brief documentation of this study could be found at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lal.ufl.edu/societies/ISC/gcgn/Appendix_9.PDF">Global Citrus Germplasm Network</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080410153921/http://www.lal.ufl.edu/societies/ISC/gcgn/Appendix_9.PDF">Archived</a> 2008-04-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Article by Professor Goldschmidt, published by <a href="/wiki/Tehumin" title="Tehumin">Tehumin</a>, summer 5741 (1981), booklet 2, p. 144</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter by Rabbi <a href="/wiki/Shmuel_Yehuda_Katzenellenbogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Shmuel Yehuda Katzenellenbogen">Shmuel Yehuda Katzenellenbogen</a> of <a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a> from the mid-16th century, printed in <a href="/wiki/Moses_Isserles" title="Moses Isserles">Teshuvat ha'Remo</a> chapter 126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shiurey Kneseth Hagdola and Olat Shabbat, cited by <a href="/wiki/Magen_Avraham" class="mw-redirect" title="Magen Avraham">Magen Avraham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orach_Chaim" class="mw-redirect" title="Orach Chaim">Orach Chaim</a> chapter 648, comment 23</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chiri, Alfredo. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.att.net/~oc_crfg/alfredo-sep02.htm">Etrog</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050404130602/http://home.att.net/~oc_crfg/alfredo-sep02.htm">Archived</a> April 4, 2005, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071017033439/http://www.sunkist.com/products/growing_packing.asp">"Sunkist Website"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sunkist.com/products/growing_packing.asp">the original</a> on October 17, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sunkist+Website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunkist.com%2Fproducts%2Fgrowing_packing.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtrog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reformjudaism.org/saga-citron">"The Saga of the Citron"</a>. <i>Reform Judaism</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reform+Judaism&rft.atitle=The+Saga+of+the+Citron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freformjudaism.org%2Fsaga-citron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtrog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeisberg2004" class="citation book cs1">Weisberg, Chana (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cCWnRJg9S_IC&q=segulah&pg=PA134"><i>Expecting Miracles: Finding meaning and spirituality in pregnancy through Judaism</i></a>. Urim Publications. p. 134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9657108519" title="Special:BookSources/9657108519"><bdi>9657108519</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Expecting+Miracles%3A+Finding+meaning+and+spirituality+in+pregnancy+through+Judaism&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=Urim+Publications&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9657108519&rft.aulast=Weisberg&rft.aufirst=Chana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcCWnRJg9S_IC%26q%3Dsegulah%26pg%3DPA134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtrog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200301024223/https://www.aish.com/tubshvat/tubshvatinterests/Lchaim_to_the_Trees.asp">"Redirecting..."</a> <i>www.aish.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aish.com/tubshvat/tubshvatinterests/Lchaim_to_the_Trees.asp">the original</a> on 2020-03-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-01-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aish.com&rft.atitle=Redirecting...&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aish.com%2Ftubshvat%2Ftubshvatinterests%2FLchaim_to_the_Trees.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtrog" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite uses generic title (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.srugim.co.il/24682-%d7%96%d7%94%d7%99%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%aa-%d7%9c%d7%9e%d7%a8%d7%95%d7%aa-%d7%94%d7%a1%d7%92%d7%95%d7%9c%d7%95%d7%aa-%d7%9e%d7%a1%d7%95%d7%9b%d7%9f-%d7%9c%d7%90%d7%9b%d7%95%d7%9c-%d7%a8%d7%99%d7%91%d7%aa">"זהירות: למרות הסגולות מסוכן לאכול ריבת אתרוגים"</a>. <i>סרוגים</i> (in Hebrew). 2011-10-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-09-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9D&rft.atitle=%D7%96%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA%3A+%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%A1%D7%92%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9F+%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9C+%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA+%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%9D&rft.date=2011-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.srugim.co.il%2F24682-%25d7%2596%25d7%2594%25d7%2599%25d7%25a8%25d7%2595%25d7%25aa-%25d7%259c%25d7%259e%25d7%25a8%25d7%2595%25d7%25aa-%25d7%2594%25d7%25a1%25d7%2592%25d7%2595%25d7%259c%25d7%2595%25d7%25aa-%25d7%259e%25d7%25a1%25d7%2595%25d7%259b%25d7%259f-%25d7%259c%25d7%2590%25d7%259b%25d7%2595%25d7%259c-%25d7%25a8%25d7%2599%25d7%2591%25d7%25aa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtrog" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoster2018" class="citation book cs1">Moster, David Z. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-73736-2"><i>Etrog: How a Chinese Fruit Became a Jewish Symbol</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-73736-2">10.1007/978-3-319-73736-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-73735-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-73735-5"><bdi>978-3-319-73735-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Etrog%3A+How+a+Chinese+Fruit+Became+a+Jewish+Symbol&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-73736-2&rft.isbn=978-3-319-73735-5&rft.aulast=Moster&rft.aufirst=David+Z.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fbook%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-73736-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEtrog" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etrog&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180406084607/http://www.ultimatecitrus.com/pdf/tncitrus.htm">Citrus Propagation by Ultimate Citrus</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170830044752/http://www.ultimatecitrus.com/pdf/propagation.pdf">Fact Sheet HS-86 June 1994 by the University of Florida</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071105232853/http://faculty.fortlewis.edu/shuler_p/classeswebsites/propagation_2.htm">CROP PROPAGATION II: SEXUAL PROPAGATION</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etrog&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Etrog" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Etrog">Etrog</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citrusvariety.ucr.edu/citrus/ethrog.html">The Citrus Variety Collection</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150608215246/http://www.citrusvariety.ucr.edu/citrus/ethrog.html">Archived</a> 2015-06-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> Riverside</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080410153921/http://www.uoregon.edu/~dfalk/courses/ejud/synagogues_files/image018.jpg">Ancient Treasures and the Dead Sea Scrolls</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewlicious.com/wp-content/uploads/TM/floor1.jpg">Mosaic depicting an <i>etrog</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.exploringeastlondon.co.uk/jc/index.htm">Lulav, Etrog, Shofar and Menorah, 2nd Cent. CE, Ostia Synagogue</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hebrewworld.com/goldSilver3_files/2.jpg">An antique Hebrew coin depicting an <i>etrog</i></a></li> <li>Pictures <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.homecitrusgrowers.co.uk/citrusvarieties/uncommon3.html">homecitrusgrowers.co.uk</a></li> <li>Evyatar Marienberg and David Carpenter, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unc.academia.edu/evyatarm/Papers/1218963/The_Stealing_of_the_Apple_of_Eve_from_the_13th_century_Synagogue_of_Winchester">The Stealing of the "Apple of Eve" from the 13th century Synagogue of Winchester</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, Henri III Fine Rolls Project, Fine of the Month: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://frh3.org.uk/content/month/fm-12-2011.html">December 2011</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geethaskitchen.com/2010/07/citron-etrog-or-esrog-citrus-medica.html">A Huge Etrog-looking Citron in Geetha's Kitchen, amazing photos</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewfaq.org/etrog.htm">Know Your Etrog</a>, website with educational pictures, information how to plant your own tree.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shiratmiriam.com/symbolism-lulav-esrog">The Symbolism of the Lulav and Esrog</a>, various sources explaining the symbolism and meaning of the etrog.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video">Video</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etrog&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Video"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Short <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a> video on growing etrog in Calabria <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.dw.com/en/would-you-pay-200-for-a-piece-of-fruit/video-70797292">[1]</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sukkot" title="Template:Sukkot"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sukkot" title="Template talk:Sukkot"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sukkot" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sukkot"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sukkot_(סֻכּוֹת)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sukkot" title="Sukkot">Sukkot  <span class="nobold">(סֻכּוֹת)</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rituals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sukkah" title="Sukkah">Sukkah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_species" title="Four species">Four species</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lulav" title="Lulav">Lulav</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Etrog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadass" title="Hadass">Hadass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aravah_(Sukkot)" title="Aravah (Sukkot)">Aravah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simchat_Beit_HaShoeivah" title="Simchat Beit HaShoeivah">Simchat Beit HaShoeivah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%27chach" title="S'chach">S'chach</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sukkah_Roofs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sukkot tabernacles"><img alt="Sukkot tabernacles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Sukkah_Roofs.jpg/100px-Sukkah_Roofs.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Sukkah_Roofs.jpg/150px-Sukkah_Roofs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Sukkah_Roofs.jpg/200px-Sukkah_Roofs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1179" data-file-height="780" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related days</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chol_HaMoed" title="Chol HaMoed">Chol HaMoed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoshana_Rabbah" title="Hoshana Rabbah">Hoshana Rabbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shemini_Atzeret" title="Shemini Atzeret">Shemini Atzeret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simchat_Torah" title="Simchat Torah">Simchat Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isru_chag" title="Isru chag">Isru Chag</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Citrus" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Citrus" title="Template:Citrus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Citrus" title="Template talk:Citrus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Citrus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Citrus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Citrus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Citrus" title="Citrus">Citrus</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">True <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_lime" title="Australian lime">Australian and Papuan wild limes group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citron" title="Citron">Citron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_cavaleriei" title="Citrus cavaleriei">Ichang papeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaffir_lime" title="Kaffir lime">Kaffir lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumquat" title="Kumquat">Kumquats group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_orange" title="Mandarin orange">Mandarin orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangshanyegan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangshanyegan">Mangshanyegan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_halimii" title="Citrus halimii">Mountain citron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomelo" title="Pomelo">Pomelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_ryukyuensis" title="Citrus ryukyuensis">Ryukyu mandarin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major <a href="/wiki/Citrus_hybrid" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrus hybrid">hybrids</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grapefruit" title="Grapefruit">Grapefruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon" title="Lemon">Lemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lime_(fruit)" title="Lime (fruit)">Lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_(fruit)" title="Orange (fruit)">Orange</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Citrus_%C3%97_sinensis" title="Citrus × sinensis">sweet orange</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">True and hybrid<br /><a href="/wiki/Cultivar" title="Cultivar">cultivars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_macrophylla" title="Citrus macrophylla">Alemow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amanatsu" title="Amanatsu">Amanatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_lemon" title="Assam lemon">Assam lemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergamot_orange" title="Bergamot orange">Bergamot orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bizzarria" title="Bizzarria">Bizzarria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bitter_orange" title="Bitter orange">Bitter orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_lime" title="Blood lime">Blood lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_orange" title="Blood orange">Blood orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byeonggyul" title="Byeonggyul">Byeonggyul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biasong" class="mw-redirect" title="Biasong">Biasong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cam_s%C3%A0nh" title="Cam sành">Cam sành</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cara_cara_navel" title="Cara cara navel">Cara cara navel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrange" title="Citrange">Citrange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrumelo" title="Citrumelo">Citrumelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementine" title="Clementine">Clementine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coorg_orange" title="Coorg orange">Coorg orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daidai" title="Daidai">Daidai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dekopon" title="Dekopon">Dekopon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Encore%27_mandarin" title="'Encore' mandarin">Encore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_tangerine" title="Fairchild tangerine">Fairchild tangerine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florentine_citron" title="Florentine citron">Florentine citron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_fruit_(citrus)" title="Forbidden fruit (citrus)">Forbidden fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_assamensis" title="Citrus assamensis">Ginger lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haruka_(citrus)" title="Haruka (citrus)">Haruka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassaku" title="Hassaku">Hassaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebesu" title="Hebesu">Hebesu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heen_naran" title="Heen naran">Heen naran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyuganatsu" title="Hyuganatsu">Hyuganatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_lemon" title="Imperial lemon">Imperial lemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_indica" title="Citrus indica">Indian wild orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyokan" title="Iyokan">Iyokan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabara_(citrus)" title="Jabara (citrus)">Jabara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaffa_orange" title="Jaffa orange">Jaffa orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_tangelo" title="Jamaican tangelo">Jamaican tangelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabbad" title="Kabbad">Kabbad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabosu" title="Kabosu">Kabosu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaji_Nemu" title="Kaji Nemu">Kaji Nemu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_gracilis" title="Citrus gracilis">Kakadu lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalpi_(fruit)" title="Kalpi (fruit)">Kalpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanpei" title="Kanpei">Kanpei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawachi_bankan" title="Kawachi bankan">Kawachi bankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_lime" title="Key lime">Key lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_latipes" title="Citrus latipes">Khasi papeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinkoji_unshiu" title="Kinkoji unshiu">Kinkoji unshiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinnow" title="Kinnow">Kinnow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kishu_mikan" title="Kishu mikan">Kishu mikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiyomi" title="Kiyomi">Kiyomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kobayashi_mikan" title="Kobayashi mikan">Kobayashi mikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koji_orange" title="Koji orange">Koji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komikan_(fruit)" title="Komikan (fruit)">Komikan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laraha" title="Laraha">Laraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemonade_fruit" title="Lemonade fruit">Lemonade fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lim%C3%B3n_de_Pica" title="Limón de Pica">Limón de Pica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumia_(citrus)" title="Lumia (citrus)">Lumia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandelo" title="Mandelo">Mandelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandora_(fruit)" title="Mandora (fruit)">Mandora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_macroptera" title="Citrus macroptera">Melanesian papeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melogold" title="Melogold">Melogold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meyer_lemon" title="Meyer lemon">Meyer lemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micrantha_(citrus)" title="Micrantha (citrus)">Micrantha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midknight_Valencia_Orange" title="Midknight Valencia Orange">Midknight Valencia Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murcott_(fruit)" title="Murcott (fruit)">Murcott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_myrtifolia" title="Citrus myrtifolia">Myrtle-leaved orange tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagpur_orange" title="Nagpur orange">Nagpur orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_%C3%97_amblycarpa" title="Citrus × amblycarpa">Nasnaran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_grapefruit" title="New Zealand grapefruit">New Zealand grapefruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cgonkan" title="Ōgonkan">Ōgonkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangelo" title="Orangelo">Orangelo/Chironja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oroblanco" title="Oroblanco">Oroblanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_sweet_lime" title="Palestinian sweet lime">Palestinian sweet lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_lime" title="Persian lime">Persian lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixie_mandarin" title="Pixie mandarin">Pixie mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompia" title="Pompia">Pompia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponderosa_lemon" title="Ponderosa lemon">Ponderosa lemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponkan" title="Ponkan">Ponkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangpur_(fruit)" title="Rangpur (fruit)">Rangpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reikou" title="Reikou">Reikou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhobs_el_Arsa" title="Rhobs el Arsa">Rhobs el Arsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rough_lemon" title="Rough lemon">Rough lemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuyao" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuyao">Samuyao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanbokan" title="Sanbokan">Sanbokan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_unshiu" title="Citrus unshiu">Satsuma mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setoka" title="Setoka">Setoka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangjuan" title="Shangjuan">Shangjuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shonan_Gold" title="Shonan Gold">Shonan Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Red_Valencia" title="Smith Red Valencia">Smith Red Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudachi" title="Sudachi">Sudachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koji_orange#Varieties" title="Koji orange">Suruga yuko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_lemon" title="Sweet lemon">Sweet lemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_limetta" title="Citrus limetta">Sweet limetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangelo" title="Tangelo">Tangelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangerine" title="Tangerine">Tangerine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangor" title="Tangor">Tangor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsunonozomi" title="Tsunonozomi">Tsunonozomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencia_orange" title="Valencia orange">Valencia orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variegated_pink_lemon" title="Variegated pink lemon">Variegated pink lemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volkamer_lemon" title="Volkamer lemon">Volkamer lemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_longispina" title="Citrus longispina">Winged lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X%C3%A3_%C4%90o%C3%A0i_orange" title="Xã Đoài orange">Xã Đoài orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C5%ABk%C5%8D" title="Yūkō">Yūkō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu" title="Yuzu">Yuzu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Citron" title="Citron">Citrons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balady_citron" title="Balady citron">Balady citron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsican_citron" title="Corsican citron">Corsican citron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamante_citron" title="Diamante citron">Diamante citron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingered_citron" class="mw-redirect" title="Fingered citron">Fingered citron/Buddha's hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_citron" title="Greek citron">Greek citron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_citron" title="Moroccan citron">Moroccan citron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_citron" title="Yemenite citron">Yemenite citron</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_orange_varieties" title="Mandarin orange varieties">Mandarin oranges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_reshni" title="Citrus reshni">Cleopatra mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_depressa" title="Citrus depressa">Shīkwāsā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanfengmiju" title="Nanfengmiju">Nanfengmiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachibana_orange" title="Tachibana orange">Tachibana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_x_deliciosa" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrus x deliciosa">Willowleaf orange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Papeda_(citrus)" title="Papeda (citrus)">Papedas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_celebica" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrus celebica">Celebes papeda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_halimii" title="Citrus halimii">Mountain "citron"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_ichangensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrus ichangensis">Ichang papeda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pomelos" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomelos">Pomelos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banpeiyu" title="Banpeiyu">Banpeiyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangyuja" title="Dangyuja">Dangyuja</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kumquat" title="Kumquat">Kumquats</a> group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kumquat species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_hindsii" title="Citrus hindsii">Hong Kong kumquat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_crassifolia" title="Citrus crassifolia">Meiwa kumquat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_margarita" title="Citrus margarita">Oval kumquat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_japonica" title="Citrus japonica">Round kumquat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_obovata" title="Citrus obovata">Jiangsu kumquat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_swinglei" title="Citrus swinglei">Malayan kumquat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kumquat hybrids <br />(<a href="/wiki/Hybrid_name" title="Hybrid name">×</a> <a href="/wiki/Citrofortunella" title="Citrofortunella">Citrofortunella</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calamansi" title="Calamansi">Calamansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrangequat" title="Citrangequat">Citrangequat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limequat" title="Limequat">Limequat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandarinquat" title="Mandarinquat">Mandarinquat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procimequat" title="Procimequat">Procimequat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunquat" title="Sunquat">Sunquat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzuquat" title="Yuzuquat">Yuzuquat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australian_lime" title="Australian lime">Australian<br />and Papuan<br />wild limes group</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Eromocitrus</i> <br /> <small>(former genera)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_glauca" title="Citrus glauca">Desert lime</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Microcitrus</i> <br /> <small>(former genera)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_warburgiana" title="Citrus warburgiana">New Guinea wild lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_australis" title="Citrus australis">Australian round lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_inodora" title="Citrus inodora">Russell River lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_maideniana" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrus maideniana">Maiden's wild lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_garrawayi" title="Citrus garrawayi">Mount White lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_australasica" title="Citrus australasica">Australian finger lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_wintersii" title="Citrus wintersii">Brown River finger lime</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Clymenia_(plant)" title="Clymenia (plant)">Clymenia</a></i> <br /> <small>(former genera)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clymenia_platypoda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clymenia platypoda (page does not exist)">Clymenia platypoda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clymenia_polyandra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clymenia polyandra (page does not exist)">Clymenia polyandra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/False_orange" title="False orange">Oxanthera</a></i> <br /> <small>(former genera)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_oxanthera" title="Citrus oxanthera">Orange-flowered oxanthera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_neocaledonica" title="Citrus neocaledonica">Large-leaf oxanthera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_undulata" title="Citrus undulata">Wavy-leaf oxanthera</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oxanthera_brevipes" title="Oxanthera brevipes">Oxanthera brevipes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Citrus_taxonomy#Trifoliate_orange" title="Citrus taxonomy">Related genera</a><br />(perhaps<br />properly <i>Citrus</i>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Trifoliate_orange" title="Trifoliate orange">Poncirus</a></i>/<a href="/wiki/Trifoliate_orange" title="Trifoliate orange">Trifoliate orange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Drinks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calamansi_juice" class="mw-redirect" title="Calamansi juice">Calamansi juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%ABhai" title="Chūhai">Chūhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao_(liqueur)" title="Curaçao (liqueur)">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_lime_tea" title="Dried lime tea">Dried lime tea (noomi basra)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grapefruit_juice" title="Grapefruit juice">Grapefruit juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemonade" title="Lemonade">Lemonade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limeade" title="Limeade">Limeade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_juice" title="Orange juice">Orange juice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuja-hwachae" title="Yuja-hwachae">Yuja-hwachae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuja_tea" title="Yuja tea">Yuja tea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_citrate" title="Calcium citrate">Calcium citrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citric_acid" title="Citric acid">Citric acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphenyl" title="Biphenyl">Lemonene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limonene" title="Limonene">Limonene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neroli" title="Neroli">Neroli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_flower_water" title="Orange flower water">Orange flower water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_oil" title="Orange oil">Orange oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangeat" class="mw-redirect" title="Orangeat">Orangeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succade" title="Succade">Succade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zest_(ingredient)" title="Zest (ingredient)">Zest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_citrus_diseases" title="List of citrus diseases">Diseases</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_black_spot" title="Citrus black spot">Black spot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_canker" title="Citrus canker">Canker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_tristeza_virus" title="Citrus tristeza virus">CTV/Tristeza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_exocortis" title="Citrus exocortis">Exocortis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_greening_disease" title="Citrus greening disease">Greening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoma_tracheiphila" title="Phoma tracheiphila">Mal secco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phytophthora" title="Phytophthora">Phytophthora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phytophthora_citricola" title="Phytophthora citricola">citricola</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Citrus botanists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clara_H._Hasse" title="Clara H. Hasse">Clara H. Hasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Willard_Hodgson" title="Robert Willard Hodgson">Robert Willard Hodgson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_B._Smithers_Hughes" title="Lena B. Smithers Hughes">Lena B. Smithers Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mabberley" title="David Mabberley">David Mabberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_Rodier" title="Clément Rodier">Clément Rodier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Soost" title="Robert Soost">Robert Soost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Tennyson_Swingle" title="Walter Tennyson Swingle">Walter Tennyson Swingle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dzabur%C5%8D_Tanaka" title="Chōzaburō Tanaka">Chōzaburō Tanaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikuro_Takahashi_(botanist)" title="Ikuro Takahashi (botanist)">Ikuro Takahashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Christoph_Volkamer" title="Johann Christoph Volkamer">Johann Christoph Volkamer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_John_Webber" title="Herbert John Webber">Herbert John Webber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Citrus_Industry" title="The Citrus Industry">The Citrus Industry</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_production" title="Citrus production">Citrus production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_rootstock" title="Citrus rootstock">Citrus rootstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_taxonomy" title="Citrus taxonomy">Citrus taxonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold-hardy_citrus" title="Cold-hardy citrus">Cold-hardy citrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hesperidium" title="Hesperidium">Hesperidium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_citrus" title="Japanese citrus">Japanese citrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_citrus_fruits" title="List of citrus fruits">List of citrus fruits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Orange_Tree" title="Mother Orange Tree">Mother Orange Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangery" title="Orangery">Orangery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Citrus_Experiment_Station" title="University of California Citrus Experiment Station">University of California Citrus Experiment Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Riverside_Citrus_Variety_Collection" title="University of California, Riverside Citrus Variety Collection">University of California, Riverside Citrus Variety Collection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Citrus" title="Category:Citrus">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Citrus_production" title="Category:Citrus production">Production</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Citrus" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Citrus">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Citrus medica <span style="font-style:normal;">var.</span> ethrog</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254872" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q254872">Q254872</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/CIDMT">CIDMT</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a 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