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mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1893_en_science" title="1893 en science – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1893 en science" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1893_%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A2" title="1893 במדע – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1893 במדע" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1893_a_tudom%C3%A1nyban" title="1893 a tudományban – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1893 a tudományban" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%BE_1893_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Науката во 1893 година – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Науката во 1893 година" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitenskaps%C3%A5ret_1893" title="Vitenskapsåret 1893 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vitenskapsåret 1893" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitskap_i_1893" title="Vitskap i 1893 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vitskap i 1893" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1893_na_ci%C3%AAncia" title="1893 na ciência – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1893 na ciência" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1893_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B2_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="1893 год в науке – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1893 год в науке" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetenskaps%C3%A5ret_1893" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Overview of the events of 1893 in science</div> <table class="infobox"> <tbody><tr> <th style="font-size:larger;"> <table style="width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; width:15%;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_science" title="List of years in science">List of years in science</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; width:15%;">(<a href="/wiki/Table_of_years_in_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Table of years in science">table</a>) </td></tr></tbody></table> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_by_year" title="Category:Science by year">…</a> <a href="/wiki/1883_in_science" title="1883 in science">1883</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_in_science" title="1884 in science">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1885_in_science" title="1885 in science">1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1886_in_science" title="1886 in science">1886</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1887_in_science" title="1887 in science">1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_in_science" title="1888 in science">1888</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1889_in_science" title="1889 in science">1889</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1890_in_science" title="1890 in science">1890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1891_in_science" title="1891 in science">1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_in_science" title="1892 in science">1892</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1893</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894_in_science" title="1894 in science">1894</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1895_in_science" title="1895 in science">1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_in_science" title="1896 in science">1896</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1897_in_science" title="1897 in science">1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1898_in_science" title="1898 in science">1898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_science" title="1899 in science">1899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_science" title="1900 in science">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1901_in_science" title="1901 in science">1901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1902_in_science" title="1902 in science">1902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1903_in_science" title="1903 in science">1903</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:Science_by_year" title="Category:Science by year">…</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1893_in_art" title="1893 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_in_archaeology" title="1893 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_in_architecture" title="1893 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_in_literature" title="1893 in literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_in_music" title="1893 in music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1893_in_philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1893 in philosophy (page does not exist)">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Science</a></li></ul> </div><i><a href="/wiki/Category:1893" title="Category:1893">+...</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1893 in science</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <div style="float:left;"><a href="/wiki/1892_in_science" title="1892 in science">1892</a></div><div style="float:right;"><a href="/wiki/1894_in_science" title="1894 in science">1894</a></div></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Fields</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1893_in_archaeology" title="1893 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Technology</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_sustainable_energy_research_2020_to_the_present" title="Timeline of sustainable energy research 2020 to the present">Sustainable energy research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_transportation_technology#19st_century" title="Timeline of transportation technology">Transportation technology</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Social sciences</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_psychology#1890s" title="Timeline of psychology">Psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_governance_and_policy_studies_2020%E2%80%93present&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of governance and policy studies 2020–present (page does not exist)">Governance and policy studies</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/1893_in_paleontology" title="1893 in paleontology"><b>Paleontology</b></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Cretaceous%E2%80%93Paleogene_extinction_event_research#2020s" title="Timeline of Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event research">Dinosaurs' extinction</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Extraterrestrial environment</th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Terrestrial environment</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_tornado_research#1890s" title="History of tornado research">Tornado research</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Other/related</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1893_in_birding_and_ornithology" title="1893 in birding and ornithology">Birding/ornithology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_in_literature" title="1893 in literature">Literature</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_cosmological_theories" title="Timeline of cosmological theories">Timeline of cosmological theories</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_open_letters_by_academics" title="List of open letters by academics">List of open letters by academics</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/History_of_technology#By_type" title="History of technology">History of technology by type</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_timelines#Science" title="List of timelines">List of science timelines</a></i></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Science_year_nav" title="Template:Science year nav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Science_year_nav" title="Template talk:Science year nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Science_year_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Science year nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The year <b>1893 in <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a></b> and <a href="/wiki/Technology" title="Technology">technology</a> involved some significant events, listed below. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biology">Biology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1893_in_science&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>July 11 – <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dkichi_Mikimoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Kōkichi Mikimoto">Kōkichi Mikimoto</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, develops the method to seed and grow cultured <a href="/wiki/Pearl" title="Pearl">pearls</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Luke_Bolley" title="Henry Luke Bolley">Henry Luke Bolley</a> discovers a method of treating <a href="/wiki/Smut_(fungus)" title="Smut (fungus)">smut</a> with <a href="/wiki/Formaldehyde" title="Formaldehyde">formaldehyde</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1893_in_science&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Goldschmidt" title="Hans Goldschmidt">Hans Goldschmidt</a> discovers the <a href="/wiki/Thermite" title="Thermite">thermite</a> reaction.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagai_Nagayoshi" title="Nagai Nagayoshi">Nagai Nagayoshi</a> synthesizes <a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">methamphetamine</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ephedrine" title="Ephedrine">ephedrine</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Werner" title="Alfred Werner">Alfred Werner</a> discovers the octahedral structure of cobalt complexes, thus establishing the field of <a href="/wiki/Coordination_chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordination chemistry">coordination chemistry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Earth_sciences">Earth sciences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1893_in_science&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Earth sciences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Suess" title="Eduard Suess">Eduard Suess</a> postulates the former existence of the <a href="/wiki/Tethys_Ocean" title="Tethys Ocean">Tethys Sea</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exploration">Exploration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1893_in_science&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Exploration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Kingsley" title="Mary Kingsley">Mary Kingsley</a> lands in <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a> on the first of her journeys through <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> in the interests of <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_history" title="Natural history">natural history</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mathematics">Mathematics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1893_in_science&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mathematics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._J._Sylvester" class="mw-redirect" title="J. J. Sylvester">J. J. Sylvester</a> poses what becomes known as the <a href="/wiki/Sylvester%E2%80%93Gallai_theorem" title="Sylvester–Gallai theorem">Sylvester–Gallai theorem</a> in geometry.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Geometric_Exercises_in_Paper_Folding" title="Geometric Exercises in Paper Folding">Geometric Exercises in Paper Folding</a></i> by T. Sundara Row is first published in <a href="/wiki/Madras" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras">Madras</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medicine">Medicine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1893_in_science&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>July 9 – <a href="/wiki/Daniel_H._Williams" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel H. Williams">Daniel H. Williams</a> completes the first successful <a href="/wiki/Open_heart_surgery" class="mw-redirect" title="Open heart surgery">open heart surgery</a>.</li> <li>October 5 – <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Medical_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Johns Hopkins Medical School">Johns Hopkins Medical School</a> opens in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Kraepelin" title="Emil Kraepelin">Emil Kraepelin</a> introduces the concept of <i><a href="/wiki/Dementia_praecox" title="Dementia praecox">dementia praecox</a></i> in the <a href="/wiki/Classification_of_mental_disorders" title="Classification of mental disorders">classification of mental disorders</a>, distinguishing it from <a href="/wiki/Mood_disorder" title="Mood disorder">mood disorder</a> in his <i>Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie</i> (4th edition).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81d%C3%A1m_Politzer" title="Ádám Politzer">Ádám Politzer</a> describes <a href="/wiki/Otosclerosis" title="Otosclerosis">otosclerosis</a> for the first time.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Bekhterev" title="Vladimir Bekhterev">Vladimir Bekhterev</a> describes <a href="/wiki/Ankylosing_spondylitis" title="Ankylosing spondylitis">Ankylosing spondylitis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physics">Physics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1893_in_science&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Physics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wilhelm Wien</a> formulates <a href="/wiki/Wien%27s_displacement_law" title="Wien's displacement law">Wien's displacement law</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technology">Technology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1893_in_science&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>January 2 – <a href="/wiki/Webb_C._Ball" title="Webb C. Ball">Webb C. Ball</a> introduces <a href="/wiki/Railroad_chronometer" title="Railroad chronometer">railroad chronometers</a> which become the general railroad timepiece standards in North America.</li> <li>February 1 – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a> finishes construction of the first <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">motion picture</a> studio in <a href="/wiki/West_Orange,_New_Jersey" title="West Orange, New Jersey">West Orange, New Jersey</a>.</li> <li>February 11 – <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_Csonka" title="János Csonka">János Csonka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Don%C3%A1t_B%C3%A1nki" title="Donát Bánki">Donát Bánki</a> apply for a <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Carburetor" title="Carburetor">carburetor</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Csonka_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Csonka-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>February 23 – <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Diesel" title="Rudolf Diesel">Rudolf Diesel</a> receives a patent for the <a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">diesel engine</a>. In this year he also publishes his treatise <i>Theorie und Konstruktion eines rationellen Wärmemotors zum Ersatz der Dampfmaschine und der heute bekannten Verbrennungsmotoren</i>.</li> <li>February 28 – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Goodrich_Acheson" title="Edward Goodrich Acheson">Edward Goodrich Acheson</a> patents the method for making the abrasive <a href="/wiki/Silicon_carbide" title="Silicon carbide">silicon carbide</a> powder.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>May 9 – Edison's 1½ inch system of <a href="/wiki/Kinetoscope" title="Kinetoscope">Kinetoscope</a> is first demonstrated in public at the Brooklyn Institute.</li> <li>May – William Scherzer (dies July 20) files a patent for his design of <a href="/wiki/Bascule_bridge" title="Bascule bridge">rolling lift bridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>June 21 – The first <a href="/wiki/Ferris_Wheel_(1893)" title="Ferris Wheel (1893)">Ferris Wheel</a> opens to the public at the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition" title="World's Columbian Exposition">World's Columbian Exposition</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>July 12 – Prototype of Diesel's <a href="/wiki/Motor_250/400" title="Motor 250/400">Motor 250/400</a> (150/400) completed;<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> first run August 10 (on petrol).<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>July 25 – Completion of the <a href="/wiki/Corinth_Canal" title="Corinth Canal">Corinth Canal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>August 17 – <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Maybach" title="Wilhelm Maybach">Wilhelm Maybach</a> patents the <a href="/wiki/Spray_nozzle" title="Spray nozzle">spray nozzle</a> <a href="/wiki/Carburetor" title="Carburetor">carburetor</a> in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Csonka_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Csonka-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Refinery for <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Coast_Borax_Company" title="Pacific Coast Borax Company">Pacific Coast Borax Company</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alameda,_California" title="Alameda, California">Alameda, California</a>, designed by <a href="/wiki/Ernest_L._Ransome" title="Ernest L. Ransome">Ernest L. Ransome</a>, is the first major <a href="/wiki/Reinforced_concrete" title="Reinforced concrete">reinforced concrete</a> building in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The first <a href="/wiki/Sousaphone" title="Sousaphone">sousaphone</a> is built by <a href="/wiki/J._W._Pepper_%26_Son" title="J. W. Pepper & Son">James Welsh Pepper</a> at the request of bandmaster <a href="/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa">John Philip Sousa</a> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1893_in_science&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copley_Medal" title="Copley Medal">Copley Medal</a>: <a href="/wiki/George_Gabriel_Stokes" class="mw-redirect" title="George Gabriel Stokes">George Gabriel Stokes</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wollaston_Medal" title="Wollaston Medal">Wollaston Medal</a> for Geology: <a href="/wiki/Nevil_Story_Maskelyne" title="Nevil Story Maskelyne">Nevil Story Maskelyne</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1893_in_science&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>February 3 – <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Julia" title="Gaston Julia">Gaston Julia</a> (died <a href="/wiki/1978_in_science" title="1978 in science">1978</a>), <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a> <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a>.</li> <li>February 24 – <a href="/wiki/Tokushichi_Mishima" title="Tokushichi Mishima">Tokushichi Mishima</a> (died <a href="/wiki/1975_in_science" title="1975 in science">1975</a>), Japanese inventor and metallurgist.</li> <li>April 29 – <a href="/wiki/Harold_Urey" title="Harold Urey">Harold Urey</a> (died <a href="/wiki/1981_in_science" title="1981 in science">1981</a>), <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> winner of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Nobel Prize in Chemistry</a>.</li> <li>April 30 – <a href="/wiki/Roy_Chadwick" title="Roy Chadwick">Roy Chadwick</a> (died <a href="/wiki/1947_in_science" title="1947 in science">1947</a>), <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a> <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraft designer">aircraft designer</a>.</li> <li>June 13 – <a href="/wiki/Alan_Arnold_Griffith" title="Alan Arnold Griffith">Alan A. Griffith</a> (died <a href="/wiki/1963_in_science" title="1963 in science">1963</a>), English <a href="/wiki/Stress_(mechanics)" title="Stress (mechanics)">stress</a> engineer.</li> <li>August 5 – <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Camm" title="Sydney Camm">Sydney Camm</a> (died <a href="/wiki/1966_in_science" title="1966 in science">1966</a>), English <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraft designer">aircraft designer</a>.</li> <li>August 15 – <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Comrie" title="Leslie Comrie">Leslie Comrie</a> (died <a href="/wiki/1950_in_science" title="1950 in science">1950</a>), <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomer</a> and computing pioneer.</li> <li>August 24 – <a href="/wiki/Haim_Ernst_Wertheimer" title="Haim Ernst Wertheimer">Haim Ernst Wertheimer</a> (died <a href="/wiki/1978_in_science" title="1978 in science">1978</a>), <a href="/wiki/German_Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="German Jew">German Jewish</a> <a href="/wiki/Biochemist" title="Biochemist">biochemist</a>.</li> <li>August 25 – <a href="/wiki/Henry_Trendley_Dean" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Trendley Dean">Henry Trendley Dean</a> (died <a href="/wiki/1962_in_science" title="1962 in science">1962</a>), American dental researcher.</li> <li>September 16 – <a href="/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi" title="Albert Szent-Györgyi">Albert Szent-Györgyi</a> (died <a href="/wiki/1986_in_science" title="1986 in science">1986</a>), <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarian people">Hungarian</a> <a href="/wiki/Physiologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiologist">physiologist</a>, winner of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a>.</li> <li>October 23 – <a href="/wiki/Ernst_%C3%96pik" title="Ernst Öpik">Ernst Öpik</a> (died <a href="/wiki/1985_in_science" title="1985 in science">1985</a>), <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonian</a> astronomer and <a href="/wiki/Astrophysicist" class="mw-redirect" title="Astrophysicist">astrophysicist</a>.</li> <li>November 3 – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Adelbert_Doisy" title="Edward Adelbert Doisy">Edward Adelbert Doisy</a> (died <a href="/wiki/1986_in_science" title="1986 in science">1986</a>), American <a href="/wiki/Biochemist" title="Biochemist">biochemist</a>, winner of the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine</a>.</li> <li>December 3 – <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Pelikan" title="Wilhelm Pelikan">Wilhelm Pelikan</a> (died <a href="/wiki/1981_in_science" title="1981 in science">1981</a>), <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austrian</a> chemist.</li> <li>December 14 – <a href="/wiki/Alf_Lysholm" title="Alf Lysholm">Alf Lysholm</a> (died <a href="/wiki/1973_in_science" title="1973 in science">1973</a>), <a href="/wiki/Swedes" title="Swedes">Swedish</a> <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Mechanical engineer">mechanical engineer</a>.</li> <li>December – <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Gabritschevsky" title="Eugène Gabritschevsky">Eugène Gabritschevsky</a> (died <a href="/wiki/1979_in_science" title="1979 in science">1979</a>), <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> <a href="/wiki/Biologist" title="Biologist">biologist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Artist" title="Artist">artist</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deaths">Deaths</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1893_in_science&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Deaths"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>January 2 – <a href="/wiki/John_Obadiah_Westwood" class="mw-redirect" title="John Obadiah Westwood">John Obadiah Westwood</a> (born <a href="/wiki/1805_in_science" title="1805 in science">1805</a>), <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a> <a href="/wiki/Entomologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Entomologist">entomologist</a>.</li> <li>January 7 – <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stefan" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Stefan">Jožef Stefan</a> (born <a href="/wiki/1835_in_science" title="1835 in science">1835</a>), <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenian</a> <a href="/wiki/Physicist" title="Physicist">physicist</a> and mathematician.</li> <li>March 3 – <a href="/wiki/Orlando_Whistlecraft" title="Orlando Whistlecraft">Orlando Whistlecraft</a> (died <a href="/wiki/1810_in_science" title="1810 in science">1810</a>), English <a href="/wiki/Meteorologist" title="Meteorologist">meteorologist</a>.</li> <li>August 16 – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Martin_Charcot" title="Jean-Martin Charcot">Jean-Martin Charcot</a> (born <a href="/wiki/1825_in_science" title="1825 in science">1825</a>), French <a href="/wiki/Neurology" title="Neurology">neurologist</a>.</li> <li>September 1 – <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Jenyns" title="Leonard Jenyns">Leonard Jenyns</a> (born <a href="/wiki/1800_in_science" title="1800 in science">1800</a>), English natural historian.</li> <li>November 6 - <a href="/wiki/Justin_Beno%C3%AEt" title="Justin Benoît">Justin Benoît</a>, (born <a href="/wiki/1813_in_science" title="1813 in science">1813</a>), French surgeon and anatomist<sup id="cite_ref-Léonore_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Léonore-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>December 4 – <a href="/wiki/John_Tyndall" title="John Tyndall">John Tyndall</a> (born <a href="/wiki/1820_in_science" title="1820 in science">1820</a>), <a href="/wiki/British_people" title="British people">British</a> physicist.</li> <li>December 6 – <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Wolf" title="Rudolf Wolf">Rudolf Wolf</a> (born <a href="/wiki/1816_in_science" title="1816 in science">1816</a>), <a href="/wiki/Swiss_people" title="Swiss people">Swiss</a> astronomer.</li> <li>December 25 – <a href="/wiki/Marie_Durocher" title="Marie Durocher">Marie Durocher</a> (born <a href="/wiki/1809_in_science" title="1809 in science">1809</a>), Brazilian obstetrician and physician.</li> <li>December 28 – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Spruce" title="Richard Spruce">Richard Spruce</a> (born <a href="/wiki/1817_in_science" title="1817 in science">1817</a>), English <a href="/wiki/Botanist" class="mw-redirect" title="Botanist">botanist</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1893_in_science&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goldschmidt, H. (13 March 1895). <i>Verfahren zur Herstellung von Metallen oder Metalloiden oder Legierungen derselben</i> ("Process for the production of metals or metalloids or alloys of the same"). Deutsche Reichs Patent no. 96317.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1913/werner-bio.html">"Alfred Werner: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913"</a>. <i>Nobel Lectures, Chemistry 1901–1921</i>. Elsevier Publishing Company. 1966<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-03-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nobel+Lectures%2C+Chemistry+1901%E2%80%931921&rft.atitle=Alfred+Werner%3A+The+Nobel+Prize+in+Chemistry+1913&rft.date=1966&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fchemistry%2Flaureates%2F1913%2Fwerner-bio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1893+in+science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSylvester1893" class="citation journal cs1">Sylvester, J. J. (1893). "Mathematical question 11851". <i>The Educational Times</i>. <b>46</b> (383): 156.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Educational+Times&rft.atitle=Mathematical+question+11851&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=383&rft.pages=156&rft.date=1893&rft.aulast=Sylvester&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1893+in+science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBechterew1893" class="citation journal cs1">Bechterew, W. (1893). "Steifigkeit der Wirbelsaule und ihre Verkrummung als besondere Erkrankungsform". <i>Neurologisches Centralblatt</i>. <b>12</b>: 426–434.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neurologisches+Centralblatt&rft.atitle=Steifigkeit+der+Wirbelsaule+und+ihre+Verkrummung+als+besondere+Erkrankungsform&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=426-434&rft.date=1893&rft.aulast=Bechterew&rft.aufirst=W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1893+in+science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">10891/1893, issued 3 May 1894.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Csonka-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Csonka_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Csonka_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrudeau1990" class="citation web cs1">Trudeau, Terence (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csonkamuzeum.hu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=117&Itemid=149">"The Work and Life of John Csonka"</a>. Csonka János Emlékmúzeum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-01-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Work+and+Life+of+John+Csonka&rft.pub=Csonka+J%C3%A1nos+Eml%C3%A9km%C3%BAzeum&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Trudeau&rft.aufirst=Terence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csonkamuzeum.hu%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D117%26Itemid%3D149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1893+in+science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Acheson, G. (1893) <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US492767">U.S. patent 492,767</a></span> <i>Production of artificial crystalline carbonaceous material</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US511713">U.S. patent 511,713</a></span> granted December 26, 1893. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_American_Engineering_Record1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Historic_American_Engineering_Record" class="mw-redirect" title="Historic American Engineering Record">Historic American Engineering Record</a> (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120302023639/http://lcweb2.loc.gov/pnp/habshaer/ma/ma1200/ma1232/data/ma1232data.pdf"><i>New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad, Fort Point Channel Rolling Lift Bridge (Scherzer Rolling Lift Bridge)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. HAER, MA-35. Washington, DC. pp. 7–8. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/pnp/habshaer/ma/ma1200/ma1232/data/ma1232data.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2012-03-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-02-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York%2C+New+Haven+%26+Hartford+Railroad%2C+Fort+Point+Channel+Rolling+Lift+Bridge+%28Scherzer+Rolling+Lift+Bridge%29&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.series=HAER%2C+MA-35&rft.pages=7-8&rft.date=1984&rft.au=Historic+American+Engineering+Record&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flcweb2.loc.gov%2Fpnp%2Fhabshaer%2Fma%2Fma1200%2Fma1232%2Fdata%2Fma1232data.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1893+in+science" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1992" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Norman D. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SkFQ5tgWKfEC&q=Ferris+wheels:+an+illustrated+history"><i>Ferris wheels: an illustrated history</i></a>. Popular Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780879725327" title="Special:BookSources/9780879725327"><bdi>9780879725327</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ferris+wheels%3A+an+illustrated+history&rft.pub=Popular+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780879725327&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Norman+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSkFQ5tgWKfEC%26q%3DFerris%2Bwheels%3A%2Ban%2Billustrated%2Bhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1893+in+science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeehan" class="citation web cs1">Meehan, Patrick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130118143455/http://www.hydeparkhistory.org/newsletter.html">"The Big Wheel"</a>. Hyde Park Historical Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hydeparkhistory.org/newsletter.html">the original</a> on 2013-01-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-10-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Big+Wheel&rft.pub=Hyde+Park+Historical+Society&rft.aulast=Meehan&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hydeparkhistory.org%2Fnewsletter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1893+in+science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSass1962" class="citation book cs1">Sass, Friedrich (1962). <i>Geschichte des deutschen Verbrennungsmotorenbaus von 1860 bis 1918</i>. Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer. p. 435. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-662-11843-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-662-11843-6"><bdi>978-3-662-11843-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geschichte+des+deutschen+Verbrennungsmotorenbaus+von+1860+bis+1918&rft.place=Berlin%3B+Heidelberg&rft.pages=435&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1962&rft.isbn=978-3-662-11843-6&rft.aulast=Sass&rft.aufirst=Friedrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1893+in+science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDiesel1913" class="citation book cs1">Diesel, Rudolf (1913). <i>Die Entstehung des Dieselmotors</i>. Berlin: Springer. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-642-64940-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-642-64940-0"><bdi>978-3-642-64940-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+Entstehung+des+Dieselmotors&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1913&rft.isbn=978-3-642-64940-0&rft.aulast=Diesel&rft.aufirst=Rudolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1893+in+science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120328044804/http://www.aedik.gr/frontend/articles.php?cid=44&scid=51">"Η αντίστροφη μέτρηση"</a>. Διώρυγα Κορίνθου. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aedik.gr/frontend/articles.php?cid=44&scid=51">the original</a> on 2012-03-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-11-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%CE%97+%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CF%83%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%B7+%CE%BC%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7&rft.pub=%CE%94%CE%B9%CF%8E%CF%81%CF%85%CE%B3%CE%B1+%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%BF%CF%85&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aedik.gr%2Ffrontend%2Farticles.php%3Fcid%3D44%26scid%3D51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1893+in+science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Engineering News</i> <b>29</b> (16 February 1893) pp. 162–163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBierley2006" class="citation book cs1">Bierley, Paul E. (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780252031472"><i>The Incredible Band of John Philip Sousa</i></a></span>. Champaign: University of Illinois Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780252031472/page/55">55</a>–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-03147-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-03147-2"><bdi>978-0-252-03147-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Incredible+Band+of+John+Philip+Sousa&rft.place=Champaign&rft.pages=55-&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-252-03147-2&rft.aulast=Bierley&rft.aufirst=Paul+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780252031472&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1893+in+science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal">"Copley Medal | British scientific award"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Copley+Medal+%7C+British+scientific+award&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2FCopley-Medal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1893+in+science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Léonore-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Léonore_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr">"Notice no. LH/181/49"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Base_L%C3%A9onore" title="Base Léonore">Base Léonore</a></i> (in French).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Base+L%C3%A9onore&rft.atitle=Notice+no.+LH%2F181%2F49&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leonore.archives-nationales.culture.gouv.fr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1893+in+science" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1893_in_science&oldid=1229408048">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1893_in_science&oldid=1229408048</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1893_in_science" title="Category:1893 in science">1893 in science</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:19th_century_in_science" title="Category:19th century in science">19th century in science</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1890s_in_science" title="Category:1890s in science">1890s in science</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 June 2024, at 17:01<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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