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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Memberships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memberships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Music-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Music subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Marches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operettas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operettas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Operettas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operettas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hobbies,_writing,_and_recording" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hobbies,_writing,_and_recording"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Hobbies, writing, and recording</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hobbies,_writing,_and_recording-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-John_Philip_Sousa_Award" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#John_Philip_Sousa_Award"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>John Philip Sousa Award</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-John_Philip_Sousa_Award-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Music_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Music sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Archives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7" title="جون فيليب سوزا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جون فيليب سوزا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BF_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Джон Філіп Суза – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Джон Філіп Суза" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="John Philip Sousa" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="John Philip Sousa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="John Philip Sousa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="John Philip Sousa" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="John Philip Sousa" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="John Philip Sousa" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CF%89%CE%BD_%CE%A6%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B9%CF%80_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%B6%CE%B1" title="Τζων Φίλιπ Σούζα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζων Φίλιπ Σούζα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="John Philip Sousa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="John Philip Sousa" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="John Philip Sousa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%BE_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7" title="جان فیلیپ سوزا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جان فیلیپ سوزا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="John Philip Sousa" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A1%B4_%ED%95%84%EB%A6%BD_%EC%88%98%EC%9E%90" title="존 필립 수자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="존 필립 수자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D5%96%D5%AB%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%BA_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A6%D5%A1" title="Ջոն Ֆիլիպ Սուզա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջոն Ֆիլիպ Սուզա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="John Philip Sousa" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="John Philip Sousa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="John Philip Sousa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%96%D7%94" title="ג'ון פיליפ סוזה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'ון פיליפ סוזה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannes_Philippus_Sousa" title="Ioannes Philippus Sousa – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ioannes Philippus Sousa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="John Philip Sousa" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7" title="جون فيليب سوزا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جون فيليب سوزا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="John Philip Sousa" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B6" title="ジョン・フィリップ・スーザ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジョン・フィリップ・スーザ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="John Philip Sousa" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Sousa" title="John Sousa – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="John Sousa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="John Philip Sousa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="John Philip Sousa" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B0,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BF" title="Суза, Джон Филип – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Суза, Джон Филип" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="John Philip Sousa" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="John Philip Sousa" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="John Philip Sousa" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa" title="John Philip Sousa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="John Philip Sousa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American composer and conductor (1854–1932)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"John Sousa" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/John_Souza" title="John Souza">John Souza</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">John Philip Sousa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Philip_Sousa_in_1922.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Sousa facing slightly right in head-and-shoulders portrait" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/John_Philip_Sousa_in_1922.jpg/220px-John_Philip_Sousa_in_1922.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/John_Philip_Sousa_in_1922.jpg/330px-John_Philip_Sousa_in_1922.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/John_Philip_Sousa_in_1922.jpg/440px-John_Philip_Sousa_in_1922.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1778" data-file-height="2288" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Sousa in 1922</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1854-11-06</span>)</span>November 6, 1854<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 6, 1932<span style="display:none">(1932-03-06)</span> (aged 77)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Reading,_Pennsylvania" title="Reading, Pennsylvania">Reading, Pennsylvania</a>, U.S.</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Cemetery" title="Congressional Cemetery">Congressional Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">"The (American) March King"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_marches_by_John_Philip_Sousa" title="List of marches by John Philip Sousa">Composing military marches</a></li><li>Helping develop the <a href="/wiki/Sousaphone" title="Sousaphone">sousaphone</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_John_Philip_Sousa" title="List of compositions by John Philip Sousa">Full list</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Jane van Middlesworth Bellis</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="December 30, 1879">1879</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-weight:bold;">Military career</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Marine_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Marine Corps">U.S. Marine Corps</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(USMC)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Navy">U.S. Navy</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(USN)</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1868–1875, 1880–1892 <span style="font-size:85%;">(USMC)</span></li><li>1917–1918 <span style="font-size:85%;">(USN)</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_major_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergeant major (United States)">Sergeant major</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(USMC)</span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_commander_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant commander (United States)">Lieutenant commander</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(USN)</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Band" title="United States Marine Band">United States Marine Band</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_Naval_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Lakes Naval Station">Great Lakes Naval Station Band</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Philip_Sousa-Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="John Philip Sousa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/John_Philip_Sousa-Signature.svg/150px-John_Philip_Sousa-Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/John_Philip_Sousa-Signature.svg/225px-John_Philip_Sousa-Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/John_Philip_Sousa-Signature.svg/300px-John_Philip_Sousa-Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="504" data-file-height="81" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>John Philip Sousa</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">SOO</span>-zə, <span style="font-size:90%">SOO</span>-sə</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Portuguese:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[ˈso(w)zɐ]</a></span>; November 6, 1854 – March 6, 1932) was an American composer and conductor of the late <a href="/wiki/Romantic_music" title="Romantic music">Romantic era</a> known primarily for American military <a href="/wiki/March_(music)" title="March (music)">marches</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is known as "The March King" or the "American March King", to distinguish him from his British counterpart <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_J._Alford" title="Kenneth J. Alford">Kenneth J. Alford</a>. Among Sousa's best-known marches are "<a href="/wiki/The_Stars_and_Stripes_Forever" title="The Stars and Stripes Forever">The Stars and Stripes Forever</a>" (National March of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States of America</a>), "<a href="/wiki/Semper_Fidelis_(march)" title="Semper Fidelis (march)">Semper Fidelis</a>" (official march of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a>), "<a href="/wiki/The_Liberty_Bell_(march)" title="The Liberty Bell (march)">The Liberty Bell</a>", "<a href="/wiki/The_Thunderer" title="The Thunderer">The Thunderer</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post_(march)" title="The Washington Post (march)">The Washington Post</a>". </p><p>Sousa began his career playing violin and studying music theory and composition under John Esputa and George Felix Benkert. Sousa's father enlisted him in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Band" title="United States Marine Band">United States Marine Band</a> as an apprentice in 1868. Sousa left the band in 1875, and over the next five years, he performed as a violinist and learned to conduct. In 1880, Sousa rejoined the Marine Band and served there for 12 years as director. In 1892 he left the Marine Band and organized the civilian Sousa Band. From 1880 until his death, Sousa focused exclusively on conducting and writing music. He aided in the development of the <a href="/wiki/Sousaphone" title="Sousaphone">sousaphone</a>, a large brass instrument similar to the <a href="/wiki/Helicon_(instrument)" title="Helicon (instrument)">helicon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tuba" title="Tuba">tuba</a>. </p><p>Upon the United States joining <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Sousa was awarded a wartime commission of lieutenant to lead the Naval Reserve Band in Illinois. He then returned to conduct the Sousa Band until his death in 1932. In the 1920s, Sousa was promoted to the permanent rank of lieutenant commander in the naval reserve. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Philip_Sousa&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sousa_birthplace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Sousa_birthplace.jpg/170px-Sousa_birthplace.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Sousa_birthplace.jpg/255px-Sousa_birthplace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Sousa_birthplace.jpg/340px-Sousa_birthplace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Sousa's birthplace on G St., S.E. in Washington, D.C.</figcaption></figure> <p>John Philip Sousa was born in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, the third of 10 children of João António de Sousa (John Anthony Sousa) (September 22, 1824 – April 27, 1892), who was born in Spain to Portuguese parents, and his wife Maria Elisabeth Trinkhaus (May 20, 1826 – August 25, 1908), who was German and from <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Bavaria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JPSOUSA_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPSOUSA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sousa began his music education under the tuition of John Esputa Sr., who taught him <a href="/wiki/Solfeggio" class="mw-redirect" title="Solfeggio">solfeggio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBierley197328–29_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBierley197328–29-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this was short-lived due to the teacher's frequent bad temper.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBierley197328–29_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBierley197328–29-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sousa's real music education began in 1861 or 1862 as a pupil of John Esputa Jr., the son of his previous teacher under whom Sousa studied violin, piano, flute, several brass instruments, and singing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBierley197328–29_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBierley197328–29-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Esputa shared his father's bad temper, and the relationship between teacher and pupil was often strained, but Sousa progressed very rapidly and was also found to have <a href="/wiki/Perfect_pitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Perfect pitch">perfect pitch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBierley197328–29_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBierley197328–29-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, Sousa wrote his first composition, "An Album Leaf", but Esputa dismissed it as "bread and cheese", and the composition was subsequently lost.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBierley197328–29_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBierley197328–29-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sousa's father was a trombonist in the Marine Band, and he enlisted Sousa in the United States Marine Corps as an apprentice at age 13 to keep him from joining a circus band.<sup id="cite_ref-Biography_of_John_Philip_Sousa_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biography_of_John_Philip_Sousa-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year, Sousa began studying music under George Felix Benkert.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBierley197332_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBierley197332-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sousa was enlisted under a minority enlistment, meaning that he would not be discharged until his 21st birthday. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Philip_Sousa&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1893sousaband.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/1893sousaband.jpg/220px-1893sousaband.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/1893sousaband.jpg/330px-1893sousaband.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/1893sousaband.jpg/440px-1893sousaband.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2826" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Sousa and his newly formed civilian band, 1893</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1868,<sup id="cite_ref-NavyMem_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NavyMem-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sousa enlisted in the Marine Corps at age 13 as an apprentice musician (his rank listed as "boy").<sup id="cite_ref-JPSOUSA_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPSOUSA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sousa completed his apprenticeship and left the Marine Corps 1875.<sup id="cite_ref-NavyMem_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NavyMem-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then began performing on the violin and joined a theatrical pit orchestra where he learned to conduct.<sup id="cite_ref-DWS_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWS-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sousa returned to the Marine Band as its head in 1880 and remained as its conductor until 1892. During this period, Sousa led the Marine Band through its development into the country's premier military band.<sup id="cite_ref-JPSOUSA_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPSOUSA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NavyMem_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NavyMem-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He led "The President's Own" band under five presidents from <a href="/wiki/Rutherford_B._Hayes" title="Rutherford B. Hayes">Rutherford B. Hayes</a> to <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a>. Sousa's band played at the <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_James_A._Garfield" title="Inauguration of James A. Garfield">inaugural balls of James A. Garfield</a> in 1881 and <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Benjamin_Harrison" title="Inauguration of Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison in 1889</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 1892, Sousa requested a discharge from the Marine Corps to pursue a financially promising civilian career as a band leader.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He conducted a farewell concert at the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> on July 30, 1892, and was discharged from the Marine Corps the next day.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Sousa organized The Sousa Band the year that he left the Marine Band, and it toured from 1892 to 1931 and performed at 15,623 concerts,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBierley2006_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBierley2006-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both in America and internationally,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including at the <a href="/wiki/Exposition_Universelle_(1900)" title="Exposition Universelle (1900)">World Exposition</a> in Paris and at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Hall" title="Royal Albert Hall">Royal Albert Hall</a> in London.<sup id="cite_ref-JPSOUSA_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPSOUSA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Paris, the Sousa Band marched through the streets to the <a href="/wiki/Arc_de_Triomphe" title="Arc de Triomphe">Arc de Triomphe</a>, one of only eight parades that the band marched in during its 40 years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBierley200646_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBierley200646-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_Post.ogg" title="File:Washington Post.ogg">"The Washington Post"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="160" data-mwtitle="Washington_Post.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a4/Washington_Post.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a4/Washington_Post.ogg/Washington_Post.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">The United States Marine Band performs "<a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post_(march)" title="The Washington Post (march)">The Washington Post</a>"</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>Sousa was commissioned as a lieutenant in the Naval Reserve on May 31, 1917, shortly after the United States declared war on Germany and entered <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. He was 62 years old, the mandatory retirement age for Navy officers. During the war, Sousa led the Navy Band at the <a href="/wiki/Naval_Station_Great_Lakes" title="Naval Station Great Lakes">Great Lakes Naval Station</a> near Chicago,<sup id="cite_ref-JPSOUSA_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPSOUSA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and he donated all of his naval salary except a token $1 per month to the Sailors' and Marines' Relief Fund.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sousa was discharged from active duty after the <a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_I" class="mw-redirect" title="End of World War I">end of the war</a> in November 1918 and returned to conducting his own band. In the early 1920s, Sousa was promoted to lieutenant commander in the Naval Reserve but did not return to active duty. He frequently wore his Navy uniform during performances for the remainder of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-NavyMem_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NavyMem-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For his service during the war, Sousa received the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I_Victory_Medal_(United_States)" title="World War I Victory Medal (United States)">World War I Victory Medal</a> and was elected as a Veteran Companion of the <a href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_Foreign_Wars" title="Military Order of Foreign Wars">Military Order of Foreign Wars</a>. He was also a member of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Athletic_Club" title="New York Athletic Club">New York Athletic Club</a> and Post 754 of the <a href="/wiki/American_Legion" title="American Legion">American Legion</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Philip_Sousa&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On December 30, 1879, Sousa married Jane van Middlesworth Bellis (February 22, 1862 – March 11, 1944), who was descended from Adam Bellis who served in the New Jersey troops during the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War" title="American Revolutionary War">American Revolutionary War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JPSOUSA_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPSOUSA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had three children: John Jr. (April 1, 1881 – May 18, 1937), Jane Priscilla (August 7, 1882 – October 28, 1958), and Helen (January 21, 1887 – October 14, 1975).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 15, 1881, the "March King" was initiated into <a href="/wiki/Freemasonry" title="Freemasonry">Freemasonry</a> by Hiram Lodge No. 10 (Now Hiram-Takoma Lodge No. 10) in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, where Sousa remained an active member until his death in 1932. Among other Masonic honors, Sousa was named the Honorary Band Leader of the Temple Band of Almas Shriners, the DC-based Chapter of <a href="/wiki/Shriners" title="Shriners">Shriners International</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Scottish_Rite_Journal_1997_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scottish_Rite_Journal_1997-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of his compositions were for the organization, including the <a href="/wiki/Nobles_of_the_Mystic_Shrine_(march)" title="Nobles of the Mystic Shrine (march)">"Nobles of the Mystic Shrine" March</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Phillip_Sousa_Grave_memorial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/John_Phillip_Sousa_Grave_memorial.jpg/220px-John_Phillip_Sousa_Grave_memorial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/John_Phillip_Sousa_Grave_memorial.jpg/330px-John_Phillip_Sousa_Grave_memorial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/John_Phillip_Sousa_Grave_memorial.jpg/440px-John_Phillip_Sousa_Grave_memorial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1241" data-file-height="1039" /></a><figcaption>Annual military observances at Sousa's Grave</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Philip_Sousa_Grave_Washington_DC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/John_Philip_Sousa_Grave_Washington_DC.jpg/170px-John_Philip_Sousa_Grave_Washington_DC.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/John_Philip_Sousa_Grave_Washington_DC.jpg/255px-John_Philip_Sousa_Grave_Washington_DC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/John_Philip_Sousa_Grave_Washington_DC.jpg/340px-John_Philip_Sousa_Grave_Washington_DC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>Sousa's grave at <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Cemetery" title="Congressional Cemetery">Congressional Cemetery</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In his later years, Sousa lived in <a href="/wiki/Sands_Point,_New_York" title="Sands Point, New York">Sands Point, New York</a>. On March 6, 1932, he died of heart failure at age 77 in his room at the <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraham Lincoln Hotel">Abraham Lincoln Hotel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Reading,_Pennsylvania" title="Reading, Pennsylvania">Reading, Pennsylvania</a>. Sousa had conducted a rehearsal of "<a href="/wiki/The_Stars_and_Stripes_Forever" title="The Stars and Stripes Forever">The Stars and Stripes Forever</a>" the day before with the Ringgold Band as its guest conductor.<sup id="cite_ref-N.Y._Times_1932_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-N.Y._Times_1932-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sousa is buried at <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Cemetery" title="Congressional Cemetery">Congressional Cemetery</a> in Washington, D.C.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Every year on November 6, the Marine Band performs <i>Semper Fidelis</i> at Sousa's grave. His house <a href="/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa_House" title="John Philip Sousa House">Wildbank</a> has been designated as a National Historic Landmark, although it remains a private home and is not open to the public.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sousa has surviving descendants today; one of his great-grandsons, John Philip Sousa IV, works as a political activist for the Republican Party.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors">Honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Philip_Sousa&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sousa was decorated with the palms of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Public_Instruction_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Public Instruction (Portugal)">Order of Public Instruction</a> of Portugal and the <a href="/wiki/Ordre_des_Palmes_acad%C3%A9miques" title="Ordre des Palmes académiques">Order of Academic Palms</a> of France. He also received the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Victorian_Medal" title="Royal Victorian Medal">Royal Victorian Medal</a> from <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="King Edward VII">King Edward VII</a> of the United Kingdom in December 1901 for conducting a private birthday concert for <a href="/wiki/Queen_Alexandra" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Alexandra">Queen Alexandra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Inductees_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inductees-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1922, Sousa accepted the invitation of the national chapter to become an honorary member of <a href="/wiki/Kappa_Kappa_Psi" title="Kappa Kappa Psi">Kappa Kappa Psi</a>, the national honorary band fraternity.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1932, he was initiated as an honorary member of <a href="/wiki/Phi_Mu_Alpha_Sinfonia" title="Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia">Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia</a>, a national fraternity for men in music, by the fraternity's Alpha Xi chapter at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois">University of Illinois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Philip_Sousa_1940_Issue-2c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/John_Philip_Sousa_1940_Issue-2c.jpg/170px-John_Philip_Sousa_1940_Issue-2c.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/John_Philip_Sousa_1940_Issue-2c.jpg/255px-John_Philip_Sousa_1940_Issue-2c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/John_Philip_Sousa_1940_Issue-2c.jpg/340px-John_Philip_Sousa_1940_Issue-2c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="689" /></a><figcaption>US Postage stamp, 1940</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <a href="/wiki/Liberty_ship" title="Liberty ship">Liberty ship</a> <a href="/wiki/SS_John_Philip_Sousa" title="SS John Philip Sousa">SS <i>John Philip Sousa</i></a> was named in Sousa's honor. The Marine Band possesses the ship's bell, using it in performances of the "Liberty Bell March".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1952, <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">20th Century Fox</a> honored Sousa in their Technicolor feature film <i><a href="/wiki/Stars_and_Stripes_Forever_(film)" title="Stars and Stripes Forever (film)">Stars and Stripes Forever</a></i> with <a href="/wiki/Clifton_Webb" title="Clifton Webb">Clifton Webb</a> portraying him. It was loosely based on Sousa's memoirs <i>Marching Along</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1987, an act of Congress named "The Stars and Stripes Forever" as the national march of the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, a <a href="/wiki/Sousa_(crater)" title="Sousa (crater)">crater</a> on the planet Mercury was named in Sousa's honor. He was posthumously enshrined in the <a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Fame_for_Great_Americans" title="Hall of Fame for Great Americans">Hall of Fame for Great Americans</a> in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-JPSOUSA_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPSOUSA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Memberships">Memberships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Philip_Sousa&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Memberships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sousa was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Sons_of_the_Revolution" title="Sons of the Revolution">Sons of the Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Military_Order_of_Foreign_Wars" title="Military Order of Foreign Wars">Military Order of Foreign Wars</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_Legion" title="American Legion">American Legion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freemasons" class="mw-redirect" title="Freemasons">Freemasons</a>, and the Society of Artists and Composers. He was also a member of the Salmagundi, Players, Musicians, New York Athletic, Lambs, Army and Navy and the Gridiron clubs of Washington. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music">Music</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Philip_Sousa&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_John_Philip_Sousa" title="List of compositions by John Philip Sousa">List of compositions by John Philip Sousa</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-audio-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Philip_Sousa_-_U.S._Marine_Band_-_Semper_Fidelis_March.ogg" title="File:John Philip Sousa - U.S. Marine Band - Semper Fidelis March.ogg">"Semper Fidelis"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="256" data-mwtitle="John_Philip_Sousa_-_U.S._Marine_Band_-_Semper_Fidelis_March.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/John_Philip_Sousa_-_U.S._Marine_Band_-_Semper_Fidelis_March.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/John_Philip_Sousa_-_U.S._Marine_Band_-_Semper_Fidelis_March.ogg/John_Philip_Sousa_-_U.S._Marine_Band_-_Semper_Fidelis_March.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Sousa's "<a href="/wiki/Semper_Fidelis_(march)" title="Semper Fidelis (march)">Semper Fidelis</a>", the official march of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a>, performed by the U.S. Marine Band in June 1909.</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:USMC_stars_stripes_forever.ogg" title="File:USMC stars stripes forever.ogg">"The Stars and Stripes Forever"</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="216" data-mwtitle="USMC_stars_stripes_forever.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/USMC_stars_stripes_forever.ogg/USMC_stars_stripes_forever.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/USMC_stars_stripes_forever.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">The United States Marine Band performs "<a href="/wiki/The_Stars_and_Stripes_Forever" title="The Stars and Stripes Forever">The Stars and Stripes Forever</a>", the national march of the United States</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Air_Force_Band_-_John_Philip_Sousa_-_The_Gladiator_March.ogg" title="File:U.S. Air Force Band - John Philip Sousa - The Gladiator March.ogg">The Gladiator March</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_3" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="169" data-mwtitle="U.S._Air_Force_Band_-_John_Philip_Sousa_-_The_Gladiator_March.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/U.S._Air_Force_Band_-_John_Philip_Sousa_-_The_Gladiator_March.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/U.S._Air_Force_Band_-_John_Philip_Sousa_-_The_Gladiator_March.ogg/U.S._Air_Force_Band_-_John_Philip_Sousa_-_The_Gladiator_March.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">"<a href="/wiki/The_Gladiator_March" title="The Gladiator March">The Gladiator March</a>", Sousa's first hit.</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:King_Cotton.ogg" title="File:King Cotton.ogg">King Cotton</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_4" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="178" data-mwtitle="King_Cotton.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/34/King_Cotton.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/King_Cotton.ogg/King_Cotton.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">"<a href="/wiki/King_Cotton_(march)" title="King Cotton (march)">King Cotton</a>", an 1895 Sousa military march.</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Gallant_Seventh.ogg" title="File:The Gallant Seventh.ogg">The Gallant Seventh</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_5" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="202" data-mwtitle="The_Gallant_Seventh.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/The_Gallant_Seventh.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/The_Gallant_Seventh.ogg/The_Gallant_Seventh.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">"<a href="/wiki/The_Gallant_Seventh" title="The Gallant Seventh">The Gallant Seventh</a>", was in the 1920s and is distinguished as his only march with two breakstrains.</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Thunderer.ogg" title="File:The Thunderer.ogg">The Thunderer</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_6" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="148" data-mwtitle="The_Thunderer.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/The_Thunderer.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/The_Thunderer.ogg/The_Thunderer.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Sousa's "<a href="/wiki/The_Thunderer" title="The Thunderer">The Thunderer</a>" (1889), performed in 1896 by the United States Marine Band</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Manhattan_Beach.ogg" title="File:Manhattan Beach.ogg">Manhattan Beach</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_7" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="138" data-mwtitle="Manhattan_Beach.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Manhattan_Beach.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8b/Manhattan_Beach.ogg/Manhattan_Beach.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">"<a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Beach_(march)" title="Manhattan Beach (march)">Manhattan Beach</a>", a commemorative march by John Philip Sousa.</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Hands_Across_the_Sea.ogg" title="File:Hands Across the Sea.ogg">Hands Across the Sea</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_8" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="182" data-mwtitle="Hands_Across_the_Sea.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Hands_Across_the_Sea.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/52/Hands_Across_the_Sea.ogg/Hands_Across_the_Sea.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Sousa's "<a href="/wiki/Hands_Across_the_Sea_(march)" title="Hands Across the Sea (march)">Hands Across the Sea</a>" (1899), performed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy_Band" title="United States Navy Band">United States Navy Band</a></div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Fairest_of_the_Fair.ogg" title="File:The Fairest of the Fair.ogg">The Fairest of the Fair</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_9" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="222" data-mwtitle="The_Fairest_of_the_Fair.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/92/The_Fairest_of_the_Fair.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/The_Fairest_of_the_Fair.ogg/The_Fairest_of_the_Fair.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Sousa's "<a href="/wiki/Fairest_of_the_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairest of the Fair">Fairest of the Fair</a>" (1908), performed by the United States Navy Band</div></div><hr /><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Minnesota_March_by_John_Philip_Sousa_(1927)_performed_by_the_U.S._Marine_Band.ogg" title="File:The Minnesota March by John Philip Sousa (1927) performed by the U.S. Marine Band.ogg">The Minnesota March</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_10" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="222" data-mwtitle="The_Minnesota_March_by_John_Philip_Sousa_(1927)_performed_by_the_U.S._Marine_Band.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/44/The_Minnesota_March_by_John_Philip_Sousa_%281927%29_performed_by_the_U.S._Marine_Band.ogg/The_Minnesota_March_by_John_Philip_Sousa_%281927%29_performed_by_the_U.S._Marine_Band.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/The_Minnesota_March_by_John_Philip_Sousa_%281927%29_performed_by_the_U.S._Marine_Band.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">"<a href="/wiki/The_Minnesota_March" title="The Minnesota March">The Minnesota March</a>" (1927), performed by the United States Marine Band.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing these files? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>Sousa wrote over 130 marches, 15 <a href="/wiki/Operetta" title="Operetta">operettas</a>, 5 <a href="/wiki/Overture" title="Overture">overtures</a>, 11 <a href="/wiki/Suite_(music)" title="Suite (music)">suites</a>, 24 dances, 28 fantasies, and countless arrangements of nineteenth-century western European symphonic works.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marches">Marches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Philip_Sousa&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Marches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_marches_by_John_Philip_Sousa" title="List of marches by John Philip Sousa">List of marches by John Philip Sousa</a></div> <p>Sousa wrote over 130 marches, published by Harry Coleman of Philadelphia, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Fischer_Music" title="Carl Fischer Music">Carl Fischer Music</a>, the <a href="/wiki/John_Church_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="John Church Company">John Church Company</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Sam_Fox_Publishing_Company" title="Sam Fox Publishing Company">Sam Fox Publishing Company</a>, the last association beginning in 1917 and continuing until his death.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of his more well-known marches include: </p> <ul><li>"Review" (1873) (Sousa's first published march)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Gladiator_March" title="The Gladiator March">The Gladiator March</a>" (1886)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Semper_Fidelis_(march)" title="Semper Fidelis (march)">Semper Fidelis</a>" (1888) (Official March of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">United States Marine Corps</a>)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post_(march)" title="The Washington Post (march)">The Washington Post</a>" (1889)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Thunderer" title="The Thunderer">The Thunderer</a>" (1889)</li> <li>"The Loyal Legion March" (1890)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/High_School_Cadets" class="mw-redirect" title="High School Cadets">High School Cadets</a>" (1890)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Liberty_Bell_(march)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty Bell (march)">The Liberty Bell</a>" (1893) (later used as the credits theme for <a href="/wiki/Monty_Python%27s_Flying_Circus" title="Monty Python's Flying Circus">Monty Python's Flying Circus</a> TV series)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Beach_(march)" title="Manhattan Beach (march)">Manhattan Beach March</a>" (1893)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/King_Cotton_(march)" title="King Cotton (march)">King Cotton</a>" (1895)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Stars_and_Stripes_Forever" title="The Stars and Stripes Forever">Stars and Stripes Forever</a>" (1896) (National March of the United States)<sup id="cite_ref-national_march_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-national_march-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/El_Capitan_(march)" class="mw-redirect" title="El Capitan (march)">El Capitan</a>" (1896)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hands_Across_the_Sea_(march)" title="Hands Across the Sea (march)">Hands Across the Sea</a>" (1899)</li> <li>"Hail to the Spirit of Liberty" March (1900)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Invincible_Eagle" title="The Invincible Eagle">The Invincible Eagle</a>" (1901) (dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Pan-American_Exposition" title="Pan-American Exposition">Pan-American Buffalo Exposition</a>) (Interim <a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">United States Space Force</a> Anthem)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Imperial_Edward" title="Imperial Edward">Imperial Edward</a>" March (1902) Dedicated to <a href="/wiki/King_Edward_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="King Edward VII">King Edward VII</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fairest_of_the_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairest of the Fair">Fairest of the Fair</a>" (1908)</li> <li>"Glory of the Yankee Navy" (1909)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Columbia%27s_Pride" title="Columbia's Pride">Columbia's Pride</a>" (1914)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/U.S._Field_Artillery" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Field Artillery">U.S. Field Artillery</a>" (1917) (modified version "<a href="/wiki/The_Army_Goes_Rolling_Along" title="The Army Goes Rolling Along">The Army Goes Rolling Along</a>" is the official song of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-AR_220-90_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AR_220-90-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Anchor_and_Star" title="Anchor and Star">Anchor & Star</a>" (1918) Dedicated "To the U.S. Navy"<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Who's Who in Navy Blue" (1920) (composed at the request of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Naval_Academy" title="United States Naval Academy">United States Naval Academy</a> class of 1920 and dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Tamanend" title="Tamanend">Tamanend</a>, a bronze reproduction of the figurehead of the U.S.S. <i>Delaware</i> that occupies a key place at the Academy)<sup id="cite_ref-Tamanend_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tamanend-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Gallant_Seventh" title="The Gallant Seventh">The Gallant Seventh</a>" (1922)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Dauntless_Battalion" title="The Dauntless Battalion">The Dauntless Battalion</a>" (1922) Dedicated "To Col. Hyatt, the Faculty and Cadets of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Military_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Military College">Pennsylvania Military College</a>" (Now Widener University in <a href="/wiki/Chester,_Pennsylvania" title="Chester, Pennsylvania">Chester, PA</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Nobles of the Mystic Shrine" (1923)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Black_Horse_Troop" title="The Black Horse Troop">The Black Horse Troop</a>" (1924) (written in honor of Troop A, 107th Cavalry, Ohio National Guard).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"Pride of the Wolverines" (1926)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Minnesota_March" title="The Minnesota March">The Minnesota March</a>" (1927) Dedicated to "The faculty and students of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-:02_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>"New Mexico March" (1928)</li> <li>"Salvation Army March" (1930) (dedicated to the Salvation Army's 50th anniversary in the U.S.)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_11" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Sousa1930RoyalWelshFusiliersPremiere.ogv/220px--Sousa1930RoyalWelshFusiliersPremiere.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="35" data-mwtitle="Sousa1930RoyalWelshFusiliersPremiere.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Sousa1930RoyalWelshFusiliersPremiere.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/Sousa1930RoyalWelshFusiliersPremiere.ogv/Sousa1930RoyalWelshFusiliersPremiere.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/Sousa1930RoyalWelshFusiliersPremiere.ogv/Sousa1930RoyalWelshFusiliersPremiere.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Sousa1930RoyalWelshFusiliersPremiere.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bb/Sousa1930RoyalWelshFusiliersPremiere.ogv/Sousa1930RoyalWelshFusiliersPremiere.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption>Sousa conducts the public premiere of his march "<a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Welch_Fusiliers_(march)" title="The Royal Welch Fusiliers (march)">The Royal Welch Fusiliers</a>" on May 12, 1930 at the White House<sup id="cite_ref-:03_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Sousa wrote marches for several American universities, including the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Minnesota" title="University of Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Illinois">University of Illinois</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nebraska_system" title="University of Nebraska system">University of Nebraska</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kansas_State_University" title="Kansas State University">Kansas State University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marquette_University" title="Marquette University">Marquette University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pennsylvania Military College (<a href="/wiki/Widener_University" title="Widener University">Widener University</a>), and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operettas">Operettas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Philip_Sousa&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Operettas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_operettas_by_John_Philip_Sousa" title="List of operettas by John Philip Sousa">List of operettas by John Philip Sousa</a></div> <p>Sousa wrote many notable operettas, including: </p> <ul><li><i>Désirée</i> (1883), libretto by Edward M. Taber</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_Capitan_(operetta)" title="El Capitan (operetta)">El Capitan</a></i> (1896), libretto by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Klein" title="Charles Klein">Charles Klein</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Charlatan_(operetta)" title="The Charlatan (operetta)">The Charlatan</a></i> (1898), also known as <i>The Mystical Miss</i>, book by Charles Klein and lyrics by Sousa<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Chris and the Wonderful Lamp</i> (1899), libretto by <a href="/wiki/Glen_MacDonough" title="Glen MacDonough">Glen MacDonough</a></li></ul> <p>Marches and waltzes have been derived from many of these stage-works. Sousa also composed the music for six operettas that were either unfinished or not produced: <i>The Devils' Deputy</i>, <i>Florine</i>, <i>The Irish Dragoon</i>, <i>Katherine</i>, <i>The Victory</i>, and <i>The Wolf</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, Sousa wrote a march based on themes from <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Sullivan" title="Gilbert and Sullivan">Gilbert and Sullivan</a>'s comic opera <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mikado" title="The Mikado">The Mikado</a></i>, the elegant overture <i>Our Flirtations</i>, several musical suites, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He frequently added Sullivan opera overtures or other Sullivan pieces to his concerts.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sousa was quoted saying, "My religion lies in my composition."<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hobbies,_writing,_and_recording"><span id="Hobbies.2C_writing.2C_and_recording"></span>Hobbies, writing, and recording</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Philip_Sousa&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Hobbies, writing, and recording"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sousa ranked as one of the all-time great <a href="/wiki/Trapshooting" class="mw-redirect" title="Trapshooting">trapshooters</a> and was enshrined in the Trapshooting Hall of Fame.<sup id="cite_ref-trapshootHOF_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trapshootHOF-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He organized the first national trapshooting organization, a forerunner to today's <a href="/wiki/Amateur_Trapshooting_Association" title="Amateur Trapshooting Association">Amateur Trapshooting Association</a> (ATA). He also wrote numerous articles about trapshooting.<sup id="cite_ref-trapshootHOF_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trapshootHOF-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a regular competitor representing the Navy in trapshooting competitions, particularly against the Army. Records indicate that Sousa registered more than 35,000 targets during his shooting career.<sup id="cite_ref-Inductees_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inductees-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Let me say that just about the sweetest music to me is when I call, 'pull,' the old gun barks, and the referee in perfect key announces, 'dead'."<sup id="cite_ref-trapshootHOF_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trapshootHOF-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Sousa's 1902 novella <i>The Fifth String</i>, a virtuoso violinist makes a deal with the Devil for a magic violin with five strings. The first four strings excite the emotions of Pity, Hope, Love, and Joy, but the fifth string, made from the hair of Eve, will cause the player's death once played. The violinist wins the love of the woman he desires, but out of jealous suspicion, she commands him to play the death string, which he does.<sup id="cite_ref-Sousa1902_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sousa1902-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sousa published <i>Pipetown Sandy</i> in 1905, which includes a satirical poem titled "The Feast of the Monkeys".<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote a 40,000-word story entitled "The Transit of Venus" in 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sousa also wrote the booklet "A manual for trumpet and drum", published by the <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Drums" title="Ludwig Drums">Ludwig Drum Company</a> with advice for playing drums and trumpet. An early version of the trumpet solo to "Semper Fidelis" was included in this volume.<sup id="cite_ref-Sousa1985_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sousa1985-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The marching brass bass or <a href="/wiki/Sousaphone" title="Sousaphone">sousaphone</a> is a modified <a href="/wiki/Helicon_(instrument)" title="Helicon (instrument)">helicon</a> created in 1893 by Philadelphia instrument maker <a href="/wiki/J.W._Pepper_%26_Son" class="mw-redirect" title="J.W. Pepper & Son">J. W. Pepper</a> at Sousa's request, using several of his suggestions in its design. Sousa wanted a <a href="/wiki/Tuba" title="Tuba">tuba</a> that could sound upward and over the band whether its player was seated or marching. <a href="/wiki/C.G._Conn" class="mw-redirect" title="C.G. Conn">C.G. Conn</a> recreated the instrument in 1898, and this was the model that Sousa preferred to use.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elcapitansheet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Elcapitansheet.jpg/170px-Elcapitansheet.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Elcapitansheet.jpg/255px-Elcapitansheet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Elcapitansheet.jpg/340px-Elcapitansheet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="468" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/El_Capitan_(operetta)" title="El Capitan (operetta)">Sheet music cover</a>, 1896</figcaption></figure> <p>Sousa held a very low opinion of the emerging recording industry. He derided recordings as "canned music", a reference to the early wax <a href="/wiki/Cylinder_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Cylinder record">cylinder records</a> that came in can-like cylindrical cardboard boxes. He argued to a congressional hearing in 1906: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>These talking machines are going to ruin the artistic development of music in this country. When I was a boy... in front of every house in the summer evenings, you would find young people together singing the songs of the day or old songs. Today you hear these infernal machines going night and day. We will not have a vocal cord left. The vocal cord will be eliminated by a process of evolution, as was the tail of man when he came from the ape.</p></blockquote> <p>Sousa's antipathy to recording was such that he very rarely conducted his band when it was being recorded.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, the band made numerous recordings, the earliest being issued on cylinders by several companies, followed by many recordings on discs by the <a href="/wiki/Berliner_Gramophone" title="Berliner Gramophone">Berliner Gramophone</a> Company and its successor, the <a href="/wiki/Victor_Talking_Machine_Company" title="Victor Talking Machine Company">Victor Talking Machine Company</a> (later <a href="/wiki/RCA_Records" title="RCA Records">RCA Victor</a>). The Berliner recordings were conducted by Henry Higgins (one of Sousa's cornet soloists) and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Pryor" title="Arthur Pryor">Arthur Pryor</a> (Sousa's trombone soloist and assistant conductor).<sup id="cite_ref-smart_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smart-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sousa claimed that he had "never been in the gramophone company's office in my life".<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sousa did conduct a few of the Victor recordings, but most were conducted by Pryor, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_L._Clarke" title="Herbert L. Clarke">Herbert L. Clarke</a>, Edwin H. Clarke, <a href="/wiki/Walter_B._Rogers" title="Walter B. Rogers">Walter B. Rogers</a> (who had also been a cornet soloist with Sousa), <a href="/wiki/Rosario_Bourdon" title="Rosario Bourdon">Rosario Bourdon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josef_Pasternack" title="Josef Pasternack">Josef Pasternack</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Shilkret" title="Nathaniel Shilkret">Nathaniel Shilkret</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-smart_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smart-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Details of the Victor recordings are available in the external link below to the EDVR. </p><p>After the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Electrical_recording" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical recording">electrical recording</a> in 1925 Sousa changed his mind about phonograph records. After a demonstration of the <a href="/wiki/Orthophonic_Victrola" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthophonic Victrola">Orthophonic Victrola</a> on October 6, 1925, at the <a href="/wiki/Waldorf-Astoria_(1893%E2%80%931929)" title="Waldorf-Astoria (1893–1929)">Waldorf-Astoria Hotel</a> he said, "[Gentlemen], that is a band. This is the first time I have ever heard music with any soul to it produced by a mechanical talking machine."<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sousa also appeared with his band in newsreels and on radio broadcasts, beginning with a 1929 nationwide broadcast on <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JPSOUSA_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JPSOUSA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999, "Legacy" Records released some of Sousa's historic recordings on CD.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="John_Philip_Sousa_Award">John Philip Sousa Award</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Philip_Sousa&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: John Philip Sousa Award"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JohnPhilipSousa-Chickering.LOC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/JohnPhilipSousa-Chickering.LOC.jpg/170px-JohnPhilipSousa-Chickering.LOC.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/JohnPhilipSousa-Chickering.LOC.jpg/255px-JohnPhilipSousa-Chickering.LOC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/JohnPhilipSousa-Chickering.LOC.jpg/340px-JohnPhilipSousa-Chickering.LOC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2607" data-file-height="3762" /></a><figcaption>1900 photograph by <a href="/wiki/Elmer_Chickering" title="Elmer Chickering">Elmer Chickering</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Even after his death, Sousa continues to be remembered as "The March King" through the <a href="/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa_Foundation" title="John Philip Sousa Foundation">John Philip Sousa Foundation</a>. The non-profit organization, founded in 1981, recognizes one superior student in marching band for "musicianship, dependability, loyalty, and cooperation."<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The John Philip Sousa Foundation provides awards, scholarships, and projects such as The Sudler Trophy, The Sudler Shield, The Sudler Silver Scroll, The Sudler Flag of Honor, The Historic Roll of Honor, The Sudler Cup, The Hawkins Scholarship, National Young Artists, The National Community Band, and The Junior Honor Band Project.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He won many honorable awards across his lifetime. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Philip_Sousa&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sousa_Archives_and_Center_for_American_Music" title="Sousa Archives and Center for American Music">Sousa Archives and Center for American Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Devereux#225–227_King_St._Academy_of_Music/Riviera_Theatre" title="John Henry Devereux">Academy of Music/Riviera Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bell_(tuba_player)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Bell (tuba player)">William Bell (tuba player)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa_Bridge" title="John Philip Sousa Bridge">John Philip Sousa Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Gilmore" title="Patrick Gilmore">Patrick Gilmore</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Philip_Sousa&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Philip_Sousa&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Sousa">"Sousa"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Sousa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FSousa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/en/definition/Souza,+John+Philip">"Souza, John Philip"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> US English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Souza%2C+John+Philip&rft.btitle=Lexico+US+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fen%2Fdefinition%2FSouza%2C%2BJohn%2BPhilip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2022">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Philip-Sousa">"John Philip Sousa"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia Britannica">Encyclopaedia Britannica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=John+Philip+Sousa&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FJohn-Philip-Sousa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bierley 2001, p. 23, 241.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JPSOUSA-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JPSOUSA_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPSOUSA_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPSOUSA_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPSOUSA_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPSOUSA_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPSOUSA_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPSOUSA_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-JPSOUSA_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_E._Bierley" class="citation web cs1">Paul E. Bierley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://loc.gov/item/ihas.200152755">"Biographies: John Philip Sousa"</a>. Library of Congress.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biographies%3A+John+Philip+Sousa&rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&rft.au=Paul+E.+Bierley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Floc.gov%2Fitem%2Fihas.200152755&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warfield, Patrick. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.immigrantentrepreneurship.org/entry.php?rec=201">"John Philip Sousa."</a> In <i>Immigrant Entrepreneurship: German-American Business Biographies, 1720 to the Present</i>, vol. 4, edited by Jeffrey Fear. German Historical Institute. Last modified May 27, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBierley197328–29-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBierley197328–29_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBierley197328–29_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBierley197328–29_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBierley197328–29_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBierley197328–29_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBierley1973">Bierley 1973</a>, pp. 28–29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biography_of_John_Philip_Sousa-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Biography_of_John_Philip_Sousa_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040810020247/https://www.pbs.org/capitolfourth/sousa.html">"A Biography of John Philip Sousa"</a>. <i>A Capitol Fourth – PBS</i>. Capital Concerts. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/capitolfourth/sousa.html">the original</a> on August 10, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 1,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+Capitol+Fourth+%E2%80%93+PBS&rft.atitle=A+Biography+of+John+Philip+Sousa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fcapitolfourth%2Fsousa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBierley197332-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBierley197332_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBierley1973">Bierley 1973</a>, p. 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NavyMem-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NavyMem_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NavyMem_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NavyMem_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NavyMem_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://navylog.navymemorial.org/sousa-john-3">John Phillips Sousa</a>, United States Navy Memorial.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DWS-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DWS_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111007183007/http://www.dws.org/sousa/learn/timeline">"A Brief Timeline of Sousa's Life"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Wind_Symphony" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas Wind Symphony">Dallas Wind Symphony</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dws.org/sousa/learn/timeline">the original</a> on October 7, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 16,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dallas+Wind+Symphony&rft.atitle=A+Brief+Timeline+of+Sousa%27s+Life&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dws.org%2Fsousa%2Flearn%2Ftimeline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_A._Garfield1989" class="citation web cs1">James A. Garfield (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/124/pres36.html">"Inaugural Addresses of the Presidents of the United States"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110515041028/http://www.bartleby.com/124/pres36.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inaugural+Addresses+of+the+Presidents+of+the+United+States&rft.date=1989&rft.au=James+A.+Garfield&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartleby.com%2F124%2Fpres36.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenjamin_Harrison1989" class="citation web cs1">Benjamin Harrison (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bartleby.com/124/pres38.html">"Inaugural Addresses of the Presidents of the United States"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110515040909/http://www.bartleby.com/124/pres38.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 15, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inaugural+Addresses+of+the+Presidents+of+the+United+States&rft.date=1989&rft.au=Benjamin+Harrison&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartleby.com%2F124%2Fpres38.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1892/08/01/archives/sousa-leaves-the-marine-band.html">"Sousa Leaves the Marine Band"</a></span>. <i>The New-York Times</i>. Vol. XLI, no. 12,772. August 1, 1892. p. 1. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/94976417">94976417</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New-York+Times&rft.atitle=Sousa+Leaves+the+Marine+Band&rft.volume=XLI&rft.issue=12%2C772&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1892-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1892%2F08%2F01%2Farchives%2Fsousa-leaves-the-marine-band.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBierley2006-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBierley2006_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBierley2006">Bierley 2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121215021642/http://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/sousa/aa_sousa_band_1.html">"The Sousa Band"</a>. <i>America's Story</i>. Library of Congress. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/sousa/aa_sousa_band_1.html">the original</a> on December 15, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 1,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=America%27s+Story&rft.atitle=The+Sousa+Band&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americaslibrary.gov%2Faa%2Fsousa%2Faa_sousa_band_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.royalalberthall.com/Overview.aspx?src=CalmView.Performance">Royal Albert Hall Archives</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBierley200646-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBierley200646_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBierley2006">Bierley 2006</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bierley 2001, p. 250.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bierley 2001, p. 78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7HgZAQAAIAAJ&q=%22jane+priscilla+sousa%22+%22Adam+Bellis%22&pg=PA165">"Lineage Book"</a>. Daughters of the American Revolution, 1922. 1922. p. 165<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 13,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lineage+Book&rft.pages=165&rft.pub=Daughters+of+the+American+Revolution%2C+1922&rft.date=1922&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7HgZAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522jane%2Bpriscilla%2Bsousa%2522%2B%2522Adam%2BBellis%2522%26pg%3DPA165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcSherry" class="citation web cs1">McSherry, Jack L. Jr. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spanamwar.com/Sousa.htm">"John Philip Sousa"</a>. <i>The Spanish–American War Centennial Website</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 1,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Spanish%E2%80%93American+War+Centennial+Website&rft.atitle=John+Philip+Sousa&rft.aulast=McSherry&rft.aufirst=Jack+L.+Jr.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spanamwar.com%2FSousa.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scottish_Rite_Journal_1997-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scottish_Rite_Journal_1997_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_E._Bierley1997" class="citation news cs1">Paul E. Bierley (October 28, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themasonictrowel.com/masonic_talk/stb/stbs/97-11.htm">"Biography of John Philip Sousa"</a>. <i>Scottish Rite Journal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051106063442/http://www.themasonictrowel.com/masonic_talk/stb/stbs/97-11.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2005. <q>Paul E. Bierley is a member of Whitehall No. 761, Whitehall, Ohio.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scottish+Rite+Journal&rft.atitle=Biography+of+John+Philip+Sousa&rft.date=1997-10-28&rft.au=Paul+E.+Bierley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themasonictrowel.com%2Fmasonic_talk%2Fstb%2Fstbs%2F97-11.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-N.Y._Times_1932-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-N.Y._Times_1932_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/1106.html">"John Philip Sousa, Band Leader, Dies in Hotel at Reading"</a>. (special edition). <i>The New York Times</i>. March 6, 1932. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180825190500/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/1106.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 25, 2018. <q>His musical education began at 7. He had already made up his mind that he wanted to be a musician, and four years later he won all the medals at the conservatory, the beginning of his collection of decorations, which is said to be the largest in his field in the world. That same year he became a violin soloist.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=John+Philip+Sousa%2C+Band+Leader%2C+Dies+in+Hotel+at+Reading&rft.date=1932-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flearning%2Fgeneral%2Fonthisday%2Fbday%2F1106.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.congressionalcemetery.org/">"Congressionalcemetery.org"</a>. Congressionalcemetery.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Congressionalcemetery.org&rft.pub=Congressionalcemetery.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.congressionalcemetery.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Greenwood1975" class="citation cs2">Richard Greenwood (May 30, 1975), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NHLS/66000532_text"><i>National Register of Historic Places Inventory-Nomination: John Philip Sousa Home</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(pdf)</span>, National Park Service</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places+Inventory-Nomination%3A+John+Philip+Sousa+Home&rft.pub=National+Park+Service&rft.date=1975-05-30&rft.au=Richard+Greenwood&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP%2FGetAsset%2FNHLS%2F66000532_text&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NHLS/66000532_photos"><i>Accompanying photos, exterior, from 1975</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1.09 MB)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarron2016" class="citation news cs1">Barron, James (July 3, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/04/nyregion/john-philip-sousa-iv-with-help-from-a-famous-surname-dabbles-in-politics.html">"John Philip Sousa IV, with Help from a Famous Surname, Dabbles in Politics"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200131083355/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/04/nyregion/john-philip-sousa-iv-with-help-from-a-famous-surname-dabbles-in-politics.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 31, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=John+Philip+Sousa+IV%2C+with+Help+from+a+Famous+Surname%2C+Dabbles+in+Politics&rft.date=2016-07-03&rft.aulast=Barron&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F07%2F04%2Fnyregion%2Fjohn-philip-sousa-iv-with-help-from-a-famous-surname-dabbles-in-politics.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Inductees-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Inductees_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Inductees_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.traphof.org/Inductees/Sousa-John-Phillip.html">"Inductees"</a>. <i>Trapshooting Hall of Fame</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Trapshooting+Hall+of+Fame&rft.atitle=Inductees&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.traphof.org%2FInductees%2FSousa-John-Phillip.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarkovich2006" class="citation web cs1">Markovich, Audrey A. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.marineband.marines.mil&rft.atitle=Anchor+and+Star+March&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marineband.marines.mil%2FAudio-Resources%2FThe-Complete-Marches-of-John-Philip-Sousa%2FAnchor-and-Star-March%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tamanend-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tamanend_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jwpepper.com/2472841.item">"Who's Who in Navy Blue"</a>. Wingert-Jones Music Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2024</span>. <q>Adapted from the U of M Marching Band Centennial Book, Minnesota Hats Off to Thee, ©1992</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Minnesota%3A+College+of+Liberal+Arts&rft.atitle=Minnesota+March&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcla.umn.edu%2Fmusic%2Fensembles%2Fmarching-band%2Fhistory-traditions%2Fschool-songs%2Fminnesota-march&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:03-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:03_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240502223949/https://www.marineband.marines.mil/Audio-Resources/The-Complete-Marches-of-John-Philip-Sousa/The-Royal-Welch-Fusiliers/">"The Royal Welch Fusiliers"</a>. <i>www.marineband.marines.mil</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Student+Organizations+%E2%80%93+Band&rft.pub=Marquette+University&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marquette.edu%2Flibrary%2Farchives%2FSuperA%2FA-8-3_Band.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/charlatancomicop00sous">"Vocal score of <i>The Charlatan</i>"</a>. March 10, 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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National Trapshooting Hall of Fame. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.traphof.org/inductees/sousa_john_philip.htm">the original</a> on May 5, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Philip+Sousa&rft.pub=National+Trapshooting+Hall+of+Fame&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.traphof.org%2Finductees%2Fsousa_john_philip.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sousa1902-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sousa1902_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Philip_Sousa1902" class="citation book cs1">John Philip Sousa (1902). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fifthstring00sousgoog"><i>The fifth string</i></a>. Bowen-Merrill<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 1,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Free+Download+%26+Streaming%3A+Internet+Archive&rft.atitle=Pipetown+Sandy%3A+Sousa%2C+John+Philip%2C+1854%E2%80%931932&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpipetownsandy00sousiala&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041021201305/http://wgpark.com/page.asp?pid=10">"Willow Grove Park"</a>. Wgpark.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wgpark.com/page.asp?pid=10">the original</a> on October 21, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Willow+Grove+Park&rft.pub=Wgpark.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wgpark.com%2Fpage.asp%3Fpid%3D10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sousa1985-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sousa1985_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Philip_Sousa1985" class="citation book cs1">John Philip Sousa (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kE9MAAAAMAAJ"><i>A book of instruction for the field-trumpet and drum: together with the trumpet and drum signals now in use in the Army, Navy and Marine Corps of the United States</i></a>. Ludwig Music Pub. 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Virginia Tech University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.music.vt.edu/musicdictionary/texts/sousaphone.html">the original</a> on October 12, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 1,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Virginia+Tech+Music+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Sousaphone&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.music.vt.edu%2Fmusicdictionary%2Ftexts%2Fsousaphone.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/n79122078/john-philip-sousa/">"John Philip Sousa"</a>. <i>Library of Congress</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&rft.atitle=John+Philip+Sousa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fitem%2Fn79122078%2Fjohn-philip-sousa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-smart-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-smart_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-smart_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Smart, James R., <i>The Sousa Band: A Discography</i>, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., 1970</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSousa2010" class="citation book cs1">Sousa, John Philip (2010). Warfield, Patrick (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bs9NT559O68C&pg=PR30"><i>Six marches</i></a>. 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October 7, 1925. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Music+Machine+Thrills+All+Hearers+At+First+Test+Here&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1925-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1925%2F10%2F07%2Farchives%2Fnew-music-machine-thrills-all-hearers-at-first-test-here-researches.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00000I0GN">"March King: John Philip Sousa Conducts His Own Marches"</a>. <i>Amazon</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220618001638/https://www.amazon.com/March-King-Philip-Conducts-Marches/dp/B00000I0GN/ref=pd_sim_m_title_3">Archived</a> from the original on June 18, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amazon&rft.atitle=March+King%3A+John+Philip+Sousa+Conducts+His+Own+Marches&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB00000I0GN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLovrien" class="citation web cs1">Lovrien, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708171607/http://www.dws.org/sousa/learn/questions/item/what-is-the-john-philip-sousa-award-for-band-students">"What is the John Philip Sousa Award for band students?"</a>. <i>www.dws.org</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dws.org&rft.atitle=What+is+the+John+Philip+Sousa+Award+for+band+students%3F&rft.aulast=Lovrien&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dws.org%2Fsousa%2Flearn%2Fquestions%2Fitem%2Fwhat-is-the-john-philip-sousa-award-for-band-students&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sousafoundation.net/Default.aspx?ID=39">"Sousa Foundation"</a>. <i>www.sousafoundation.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sousafoundation.net&rft.atitle=Sousa+Foundation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sousafoundation.net%2FDefault.aspx%3FID%3D39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Philip_Sousa&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090503011457/http://readingeagle.com/article.aspx?id=20078">75 years after death here, Sousa sells out the Abe – Reading Eagle Newspaper</a></li> <li><i>Congressional hearing</i>: in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ssrn.com/abstract=532882">Copyright's Communication Policy</a> by Professor Tim Woo, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of Virginia</a>, May 2004 – Caution, 560k <a href="/wiki/Portable_Document_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Document Format">PDF</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBierley1973" class="citation book cs1">Bierley, Paul E. (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QcabC2avFLsC"><i>John Philip Sousa: American Phenomenon</i></a> (revised ed.). Alfred Music. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4574-4995-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4574-4995-6"><bdi>978-1-4574-4995-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Philip+Sousa%3A+American+Phenomenon&rft.edition=revised&rft.pub=Alfred+Music&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-1-4574-4995-6&rft.aulast=Bierley&rft.aufirst=Paul+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQcabC2avFLsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBierley2001" class="citation book cs1">Bierley, Paul E. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QcabC2avFLsC"><i>John Philip Sousa: American Phenomenon</i></a>. Alfred Music. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4574-4995-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4574-4995-6"><bdi>978-1-4574-4995-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Philip+Sousa%3A+American+Phenomenon&rft.pub=Alfred+Music&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-4574-4995-6&rft.aulast=Bierley&rft.aufirst=Paul+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQcabC2avFLsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBierley2006" class="citation book cs1">Bierley, Paul E. (2006). <i>The Incredible Band of John Philip Sousa</i>. University of Illinois Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-252-03147-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-252-03147-4"><bdi>0-252-03147-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Incredible+Band+of+John+Philip+Sousa&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-252-03147-4&rft.aulast=Bierley&rft.aufirst=Paul+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJohn+Philip+Sousa" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Philip_Sousa&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Berger, Kenneth W.<i> The March King and His Band : The Story of John Philip Sousa.</i> New York: Exposition Press, 1957.</li> <li>Bierley, Paul E. <i>John Philip Sousa: A Descriptive Catalog of His Works</i>. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1973.</li> <li>Delaplaine, Edward S. <i>John Philip Sousa and the National Anthem.</i> Frederick, MD: Great Southern Press, 1983.</li> <li>Heslip, Malcolm. <i>Nostalgic Happenings in the Three Bands of John Philip Sousa.</i> Westerville, OH: Integrity Press, 1992.</li> <li>Lingg, Ann M. <i>John Philip Sousa.</i> New York: Holt, 1954.</li> <li>Newsom, Jon, ed. <i>Perspectives on John Philip Sousa</i>. Washington: Library of Congress, 1983.</li> <li>Proksch, Bryan, ed. <i>A Sousa Reader: Essays, Interviews, and Clippings</i>. Chicago: GIA, 2017</li> <li>Warfield, Patrick. <i>Making the March King: John Philip Sousa's Washington Years, 1854–1893</i> (University of Illinois Press; 2013) 331 pages; scholarly biography</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_sources">Music sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Philip_Sousa&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Music sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bierley, Paul E. <i>The Works of John Philip Sousa</i> Columbus, OH: Integrity Press, 1984.</li> <li>Sousa, John Philip. Marching Along: Recollections of Men, Women and Music. Edited by Paul E. Bierley. Boston: Hale, Cushman & Flint, 1928, rev. 1994.</li> <li>Sousa, John Philip. National, Patriotic and Typical Airs of All Lands. N.Y.: Da Capo Press, 1977.</li> <li>Sousa, John Philip. Through the Year with Sousa: Excerpts from the Operas, Marches, Miscellaneous Compositions, Novels, Letters, Magazine Articles, Songs, Sayings and Rhymes of John Philip Sousa. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell &, 1910.</li> <li>Warfield, Patrick, ed. (2010). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bs9NT559O68C">John Philip Sousa: Six Marches</a></i>. Music of the United States of America (MUSA) vol 21. Madison, Wisconsin: A-R Editions.</li></ul> <p><i><b>Articles</b></i> </p> <ul><li>Bennett, Jeb. "John Philip Sousa: 100th Anniversary." <i><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Gazette" title="Marine Corps Gazette">Marine Corps Gazette</a></i> 64, no. 10 (1980): 31–34.</li> <li>Bierley, Paul E. "Sousa: America's Greatest Composer?" Musical Journal 25, no. 1 (1967): 83–87.</li> <li>Bierley, Paul E. "Sousa on Programming." Instrumentalist, December 1973.</li> <li>Bierley, Paul E. "Sousa's Mystery March." Instrumentalist, February 1966.</li> <li>Dvorak, Raymond F. "Recollections of Sousa's March Performances." School Musician, Director and Teacher, December 1969.</li> <li>Evenson, Orville. "The March Style of Sousa." Instrumentalist, November 1954.</li> <li>Fennell, Frederick. "Sousa: Still a Somebody." Instrumentalist, March 1982.</li> <li>Gaydos, Jeff. "Stars and Stripes and Sousa Forever!" Bandwagon, June 1980.</li> <li>Goldberg, Isaac. "Sousa." American Mercury 27 (1932): 193–200.</li> <li>Goldman, Richard Franko. "John Philip Sousa." HiFi/Stereo Review 19, no. 1 (1967): 35–47.</li> <li>Gordon, Marjorie M. "John Philip Sousa: A Centennial-Year Salute to the March King." Musical Journal 11, no. 11 (1954): 28–34.</li> <li>Heney, John J. "On the Road with the Sousa Band." School Musician, Director and Teacher, 1976.</li> <li>Howard, George S. "A New Era for Brass: Sousa's Role." Music Journal, January 1966.</li> <li>Intravaia, Lawrence J. "Wind Band Scoring Practices of Gilmore and Sousa." School Musician, Director and Teacher 36, no. 7 (March 1965): 62–63.</li> <li>Larson, Cedric. "John Philip Sousa as an Author." Etude, August 1941.</li> <li>Mangrum, Mary Gailey. "I Remember Sousa." Instrumentalist 24, no. 5 (1969): 38–41.</li> <li>Mangrum, Mary Gailey. "Sousa the Patriot." Instrumentalist 24, no. 6 (1970): 33–35.</li> <li>Marek, George Richard. "John Philip Sousa." HiFi/Musical America 23, no. 11 (1973): 57–61.</li> <li>Mathews, William Smith Babcock. "An Interview with John Philip Sousa." Music: A Monthly Magazine 9 (1896): 487–92.</li> <li>Mayer, Francis N. "John Philip Sousa: His Instrumentation and Scoring." Music Educator's Journal, January 1960.</li> <li>Peterson, O. A. "The Human Side of Sousa." Musical Messenger, May 1916.</li> <li>Pleasants, Henry. "A Look at Sousa: Ormandy and Critics." International Herald Tribune (Paris Edition), December 1969.</li> <li>"Sousa and His Mission." Music: A Monthly Magazine 16 (July 1899): 272–76.</li> <li>"Sousa as He Is." Music: A Monthly Magazine 14 (May 1899).</li> <li>"Sousa's New Marine Band." Musical Courier, November 9, 1892.</li> <li>Stoddard, Hope. "Sousa: Symbol of an Era." International Musician, December 1948.</li> <li>Thomson, Grace F. "Memories of the March King." Musical Journal 22, no. 5 (1964): 27–49.</li> <li>Trimborn, Thomas J. "In the Footsteps of Sousa." Instrumentalist 35, no. 4 (1980): 10–13.</li> <li>Wimbush, Roger. "Sousa at the "Proms"" Monthly Musical Record 68:238–40.</li></ul> <p><i><b>Dissertations</b></i> </p> <ul><li>Bly, Leon Joseph. "The March in American Society." Diss., University of Miami, 1977.</li> <li>Bowie, Gordon W. "R. B. Hall and the Community Bands of Maine." Diss., University of Maine, 1993.</li> <li>Carpenter, Kenneth William. "A History of the United States Marine Band." Diss., University of Iowa, 1971.</li> <li>Church, Charles Fremont. "The Life and Influence of John Philip Sousa." Diss., Ohio State University, 1942.</li> <li>Darling, Matthew H. "A Study and Catalogue of the Solos Composed, Arranged, and Transcribed for Xylophone and Band by John Joseph Heney (1902–1978), Percussionist (1926–31) and Xylophone Soloist (1931) with the John Philip Sousa Band." Diss., University of Arizona, 1998.</li> <li>Hemberger, Glen J. "Selected Songs for Chamber Winds and Soprano: Rediscovering a Forgotten Repertoire of John Philip Sousa." Diss., University of North Texas, 2001.</li> <li>Hester, Michael E. "A Study of the Saxophone Soloists Performing with the John Philip Sousa Band, 1893–1930." Diss., University of Arizona, 1995.</li> <li>Jorgensen, Michael R. "John Philip Sousa's Operetta El Capitan: A Historical, Analytical, and Performance Guide." Diss., Ball State University, 1995.</li> <li>Korzun, Jonathan Nicholas. "The Orchestral Transcriptions for Band of John Philip Sousa: a Description and Analysis." Diss., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1994.</li> <li>Kreitner, Mona Bulpitt. "'A Splendid Group of American Girls': The Women Who Sang with the Sousa Band." Diss., University of Memphis, 2007.</li> <li>Norton, Pauline Elizabeth Hosack. "March Music in Nineteenth Century America." Diss., University of Michigan, 1983.</li> <li>Stacy, William Barney. "John Philip Sousa and His Band Suites." Diss., University of Colorado, 1973.</li> <li>Summers, C. Oland. "The Development of Original Band Scoring from Sousa to Husa." Diss., Ball State University, 1986.</li> <li>Warfield, Patrick. ""Salesman of Americanism, Globetrotter and Musician" the Nineteenth-century John Philip Sousa; 1854–1893." Diss., Indiana University, 2003.</li> <li>Whisler, John A. "The Songs of John Philip Sousa." Diss., Memphis State University, 1975.</li> <li>Wright, Maurice. "The Fifth String: an Opera in One Act." Diss., Columbia University, 1989.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archives">Archives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Philip_Sousa&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Archives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marineband.marines.mil/About/Library-and-Archives/Collections/">John Philip Sousa papers, 1695–1966</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200618022750/https://www.marineband.marines.mil/About/Library-and-Archives/Collections/">Archived</a> June 18, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marineband.marines.mil/">United States Marine Band</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marineband.marines.mil/About/Library-and-Archives/">Library and Archives</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200622104728/https://www.marineband.marines.mil/About/Library-and-Archives/">Archived</a> June 22, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> in Washington, D.C.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.music/eadmus.mu023002">John Philip Sousa Collection</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/collections/john-philip-sousa/about-this-collection/">The March King: John Philip Sousa</a> digital collection, the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.music/eadmus.mu022033">Music of John Philip Sousa and Victor Grabel</a>, and the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.music/eadmus.mu017015.3">Dodrill – Sousa sheet music collection</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.library.illinois.edu/sousa/">The Sousa Archives and Center for American Music.</a> University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2011.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Philip_Sousa&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox 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<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://librivox.org/author/635">Works by John Philip Sousa</a> at <a href="/wiki/LibriVox" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></li> <li><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Sousa,_John_Philip" class="extiw" title="scores:Category:Sousa, John Philip">Free scores by John Philip Sousa</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a> (IMSLP)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102569">John Philip Sousa recordings</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Discography_of_American_Historical_Recordings" title="Discography of American Historical Recordings">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="John_Philip_Sousa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:John_Philip_Sousa" title="Template:John Philip Sousa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:John_Philip_Sousa" title="Template talk:John Philip Sousa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:John_Philip_Sousa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:John Philip Sousa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="John_Philip_Sousa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Philip Sousa</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_John_Philip_Sousa" title="List of compositions by John Philip Sousa">List of compositions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_marches_by_John_Philip_Sousa" title="List of marches by John Philip Sousa">List of marches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_operettas_by_John_Philip_Sousa" title="List of operettas by John Philip Sousa">List of operettas</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Marches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Anchor_and_Star" title="Anchor and Star">Anchor and Star</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Black_Horse_Troop" title="The Black Horse Troop">The Black Horse Troop</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Boy_Scouts_of_America_(march)" title="Boy Scouts of America (march)">Boy Scouts of America</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Columbia%27s_Pride" title="Columbia's Pride">Columbia's Pride</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Dauntless_Battalion" title="The Dauntless Battalion">The Dauntless Battalion</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Fairest_of_the_Fair" title="The Fairest of the Fair">The Fairest of the Fair</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Gallant_Seventh" title="The Gallant Seventh">The Gallant Seventh</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Gladiator_March" title="The Gladiator March">The Gladiator March</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hands_Across_the_Sea_(march)" title="Hands Across the Sea (march)">Hands Across the Sea</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_High_School_Cadets" title="The High School Cadets">The High School Cadets</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Imperial_Edward" title="Imperial Edward">Imperial Edward</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Invincible_Eagle" title="The Invincible Eagle">The Invincible Eagle</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Kansas_Wildcats" title="Kansas Wildcats">Kansas Wildcats</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/King_Cotton_(march)" title="King Cotton (march)">King Cotton</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Liberty_Bell_(march)" title="The Liberty Bell (march)">The Liberty Bell</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Beach_(march)" title="Manhattan Beach (march)">Manhattan Beach</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Minnesota_March" title="The Minnesota March">The Minnesota March</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Nobles_of_the_Mystic_Shrine_(march)" title="Nobles of the Mystic Shrine (march)">Nobles of the Mystic Shrine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Royal_Welch_Fusiliers_(march)" title="The Royal Welch Fusiliers (march)">The Royal Welch Fusiliers</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Semper_Fidelis_(march)" title="Semper Fidelis (march)">Semper Fidelis</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Stars_and_Stripes_Forever" title="The Stars and Stripes Forever">The Stars and Stripes Forever</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Thunderer" title="The Thunderer">The Thunderer</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Transit_of_Venus_March" title="Transit of Venus March">Transit of Venus March</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/U.S._Field_Artillery_March" title="U.S. Field Artillery March">U.S. Field Artillery March</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post_(march)" title="The Washington Post (march)">The Washington Post</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operettas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chris_and_the_Wonderful_Lamp" title="Chris and the Wonderful Lamp">Chris and the Wonderful Lamp</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9e_(operetta)" class="mw-redirect" title="Désirée (operetta)">Désirée</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El_Capitan_(operetta)" title="El Capitan (operetta)">El Capitan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Charlatan_(operetta)" title="The Charlatan (operetta)">The Charlatan</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Army_Goes_Rolling_Along" title="The Army Goes Rolling Along">The Army Goes Rolling Along</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stars_and_Stripes_(ballet)" title="Stars and Stripes (ballet)">Stars and Stripes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stars_and_Stripes_Forever_(film)" title="Stars and Stripes Forever (film)">Stars and Stripes Forever</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa_House" title="John Philip Sousa House">John Philip Sousa House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa_Baton" title="John Philip Sousa Baton">John Philip Sousa Baton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Honoraria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_March_Competition" title="Armed Forces March Competition">Armed Forces March Competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa_Bridge" title="John Philip Sousa Bridge">John Philip Sousa Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa_Foundation" title="John Philip Sousa Foundation">John Philip Sousa Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa_Junior_High_School_(Bronx)" title="John Philip Sousa Junior High School (Bronx)">John Philip Sousa Junior High School (Bronx)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Philip_Sousa_Junior_High_School" title="John Philip Sousa Junior High School">John Philip Sousa Junior High School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:John_Philip_Sousa" title="Category:John Philip Sousa">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hall_of_Fame_for_Great_Americans_inductees" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hall_of_Fame_for_Great_Americans" title="Template:Hall of Fame for Great Americans"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hall_of_Fame_for_Great_Americans" title="Template talk:Hall of Fame for Great 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title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_James_Audubon" title="John James Audubon">John James Audubon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bancroft" title="George Bancroft">George Bancroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Barton" title="Clara Barton">Clara Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ward_Beecher" title="Henry Ward Beecher">Henry Ward Beecher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Boone" title="Daniel Boone">Daniel Boone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Booth" title="Edwin Booth">Edwin Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Louis Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillips_Brooks" title="Phillips Brooks">Phillips Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cullen_Bryant" title="William Cullen Bryant">William Cullen Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luther_Burbank" title="Luther Burbank">Luther Burbank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Carnegie" title="Andrew Carnegie">Andrew Carnegie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Carver" title="George Washington Carver">George Washington Carver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ellery_Channing" title="William Ellery Channing">William Ellery Channing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rufus_Choate" title="Rufus Choate">Rufus Choate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Henry Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Grover Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Fenimore_Cooper" title="James Fenimore Cooper">James Fenimore Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Cooper" title="Peter Cooper">Peter Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Cushman" title="Charlotte Cushman">Charlotte Cushman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan_Eads" title="James Buchanan Eads">James Buchanan Eads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Alva Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Edwards_(theologian)" title="Jonathan Edwards (theologian)">Jonathan Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Farragut" title="David Farragut">David Farragut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Foster" title="Stephen Foster">Stephen Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Fulton" title="Robert Fulton">Robert Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah_Willard_Gibbs" title="Josiah Willard Gibbs">Josiah W. Gibbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_C._Gorgas" title="William C. Gorgas">William C. Gorgas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_S._Grant" title="Ulysses S. Grant">Ulysses S. Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_Gray" title="Asa Gray">Asa Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Hawthorne" title="Nathaniel Hawthorne">Nathaniel Hawthorne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Henry" title="Joseph Henry">Joseph Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Henry" title="Patrick Henry">Patrick Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Sr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.">Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Wendell_Holmes_Jr." title="Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.">Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hopkins_(educator)" title="Mark Hopkins (educator)">Mark Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elias_Howe" title="Elias Howe">Elias Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Washington Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Jackson" title="Andrew Jackson">Andrew Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Jackson" title="Stonewall Jackson">Thomas J. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Jones" title="John Paul Jones">John Paul Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Kent_(jurist)" title="James Kent (jurist)">James Kent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lanier" title="Sidney Lanier">Sidney Lanier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Lee" title="Robert E. Lee">Robert E. Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wadsworth_Longfellow" title="Henry Wadsworth Longfellow">Henry Wadsworth Longfellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Russell_Lowell" title="James Russell Lowell">James Russell Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Lyon" title="Mary Lyon">Mary Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_MacDowell" title="Edward MacDowell">Edward MacDowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison" title="James Madison">James Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Mann" title="Horace Mann">Horace Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall" title="John Marshall">John Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Fontaine_Maury" title="Matthew Fontaine Maury">Matthew Fontaine Maury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_A._Michelson" title="Albert A. Michelson">Albert A. Michelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Mitchell" title="Maria Mitchell">Maria Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Monroe" title="James Monroe">James Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Morse" title="Samuel Morse">Samuel F. B. Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_T._G._Morton" title="William T. G. Morton">William T. G. Morton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lothrop_Motley" title="John Lothrop Motley">John Lothrop Motley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Newcomb" title="Simon Newcomb">Simon Newcomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Freeman_Palmer" title="Alice Freeman Palmer">Alice Freeman Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Parkman" title="Francis Parkman">Francis Parkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Peabody" title="George Peabody">George Peabody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Penn" title="William Penn">William Penn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Allan_Poe" title="Edgar Allan Poe">Edgar Allan Poe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Reed" title="Walter Reed">Walter Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Theodore Roosevelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Saint-Gaudens" title="Augustus Saint-Gaudens">Augustus Saint-Gaudens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Tecumseh_Sherman" title="William Tecumseh Sherman">William Tecumseh Sherman</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">John Philip Sousa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Story" title="Joseph Story">Joseph Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Beecher_Stowe" title="Harriet Beecher Stowe">Harriet Beecher Stowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Stuart" title="Gilbert Stuart">Gilbert Stuart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvanus_Thayer" title="Sylvanus Thayer">Sylvanus Thayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Henry David Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillian_Wald" title="Lillian Wald">Lillian Wald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Booker T. Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">George Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster" title="Daniel Webster">Daniel Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Westinghouse" title="George Westinghouse">George Westinghouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McNeill_Whistler" title="James McNeill Whistler">James McNeill Whistler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Whitman" title="Walt Whitman">Walt Whitman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_Whitney" title="Eli Whitney">Eli Whitney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Greenleaf_Whittier" title="John Greenleaf Whittier">John Greenleaf Whittier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Willard" title="Emma Willard">Emma Willard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Willard" title="Frances Willard">Frances Willard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Williams" title="Roger Williams">Roger Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodrow_Wilson" title="Woodrow Wilson">Woodrow Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_brothers" title="Wright brothers">Orville Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_brothers" title="Wright brothers">Wilbur Wright</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295935#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295935#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295935#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119291525">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79122078">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb138999412">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb138999412">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00457206">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Sousa, John Philip"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/LO1V168453">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35513452">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mzk2003182603&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX897038">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1261376">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070497281">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90230924">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000036663&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000053657&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201914651">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/jgvz2sf207r9tsc">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810586514505606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007276069705171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000200620">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14231543">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA07719392?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/c4ca9930-556d-470a-b5b9-a25d12aad9e9">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102569">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/980416">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd119291525.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119291525">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/080733700">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10583033">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6qw49mm">SNAC</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6765cgs">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/149454">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>  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