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href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="উইকিপিডিয়া:বাংলা ভাষায় ম্যান্ডারিন চীনা শব্দের প্রতিবর্ণীকরণ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইকিপিডিয়া:বাংলা ভাষায় ম্যান্ডারিন চীনা শব্দের প্রতিবর্ণীকরণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:%D8%A2%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86" title="راهنما:آی‌پی‌ای/ماندارین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راهنما:آی‌پی‌ای/ماندارین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:IPA_for_Mandarin" title="विकिपीडिया:IPA for Mandarin – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विकिपीडिया:IPA for Mandarin" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa_Mandarin" title="Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa Mandarin – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bantuan:IPA/Bahasa Mandarin" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:IPA_kanggo_Basa_Mandarin" title="Wikipédia:IPA kanggo Basa Mandarin – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Wikipédia:IPA kanggo Basa Mandarin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiuto:AFI/Mandarin" title="Aiuto:AFI/Mandarin – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Aiuto:AFI/Mandarin" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%9C%D0%A4%D0%90_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Википедија:МФА за кинески јазик – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Википедија:МФА за кинески јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:IPA_for_Mandarin" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:IPA for Mandarin – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:IPA for Mandarin" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%88_IPA" title="ਮਦਦ:ਮੰਦਾਰਿਨ ਲਈ IPA – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਦਦ:ਮੰਦਾਰਿਨ ਲਈ IPA" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Help:IPA/Mandarin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA:%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AC%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86" title="معاونت:بین الاقوامی اصواتی ابجدیہ برائے مینڈارن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="معاونت:بین الاقوامی اصواتی ابجدیہ برائے مینڈارن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87" title="Help:现代标准汉语国际音标 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Help:现代标准汉语国际音标" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87" class="extiw" title="zh:Help:现代标准汉语国际音标">the corresponding article</a> in Chinese</b>. <i><small>(June 2023)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHelp:%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E9%9F%B3%E6%A0%87&sl=zh&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the Chinese article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Consider <b><a href="/wiki/Template:Expand_Chinese#Topics_and_categorization" title="Template:Expand Chinese">adding a topic</a></b> to this template: there are already 314 articles in the <a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_translation_from_Chinese_Wikipedia" title="Category:Articles needing translation from Chinese Wikipedia">main category</a>, and specifying<code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|topic=</code> will aid in categorization.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Chinese Wikipedia article at [[:zh:Help:现代标准汉语国际音标]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|zh|Help:现代标准汉语国际音标}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Help_talk:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help talk:IPA/Mandarin">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/30px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/45px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/60px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="100"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">pronunciation key</a> for <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> transcriptions of Mandarin on Wikipedia.</b><div style="font-size: 90%;">It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Mandarin in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Help_talk:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help talk:IPA/Mandarin">talk page</a> first.</div><div style="font-size: 90%;">For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><div style="white-space: nowrap;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="H:IPA-CMN"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:IPA-CMN&redirect=no">H:IPA-CMN</a></span></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Mandarin</div> <p>The charts below show the way in which the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a> represents <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a> pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA" title="Template:IPA">IPA</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>, <a href="/wiki/Template:IPA" title="Template:IPA">Template:IPA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation#Entering_IPA_characters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters</a>. </p><p>See <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese_phonology" title="Standard Chinese phonology">Standard Chinese phonology</a> for more detail on the sounds of Mandarin Chinese. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1119456059">.mw-parser-output .tocnumber{display:none}.mw-parser-output #toc ul,.mw-parser-output .toc ul{line-height:1.5em;list-style:none;margin:.3em 0 0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist #toc ul ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist .toc ul ul{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1097603156">.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-align-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-align-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-align-center{clear:none}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-align-center .toc{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-clear-right{clear:right}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-clear-left{clear:left}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-clear-both{clear:both}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-clear-none{clear:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist horizontal-toc"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/></div> <table style="background: none"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">Consonants</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th> <th>Chinese example</th> <th>English approximation </th></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">ɕ</a></span></big> </td> <td>x </td> <td>hs </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄒ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/3a\/Mandarin_Chinese-x-%E6%99%93.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese-x-%E6%99%93.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hans\">\u6653<\/span><\/span>\/<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hant\">\u66c9<\/span><\/span>\/xi\u01ceo"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese-x-\u6653.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/Mandarin_Chinese-x-%E6%99%93.wav/Mandarin_Chinese-x-%E6%99%93.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">晓</span></span>/<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">曉</span></span>/xiǎo</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese-x-%E6%99%93.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese-x-晓.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><b>sh</b>eep,<sup id="cite_ref-palatal_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palatal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but more <a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">y-like</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span></big> </td> <td colspan="2">f </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄈ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/92\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-f-%E9%9D%9E.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-f-%E9%9D%9E.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hans\">\u975e<\/span><\/span>\/f\u0113i"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-f-\u975e.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/92/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-f-%E9%9D%9E.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-f-%E9%9D%9E.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">非</span></span>/fēi</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-f-%E9%9D%9E.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-f-非.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><b>f</b>an </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span></big> </td> <td colspan="2">y-/-i- </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄧ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a8\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-y-%E7%89%99.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-y-%E7%89%99.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hans\">\u7259<\/span><\/span>\/y\u00e1"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-y-\u7259.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-y-%E7%89%99.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-y-%E7%89%99.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">牙</span></span>/yá</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-y-%E7%89%99.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-y-牙.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><b>y</b>es </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span></big> </td> <td>g </td> <td>k </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄍ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/94\/Mandarin_Chinese-g-%E5%B9%B2.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese-g-%E5%B9%B2.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hans\">\u5e72<\/span><\/span>\/g\u0101n"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese-g-\u5e72.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/94/Mandarin_Chinese-g-%E5%B9%B2.wav/Mandarin_Chinese-g-%E5%B9%B2.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">干</span></span>/gān</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese-g-%E5%B9%B2.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese-g-干.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">s<b>k</b>in </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kʰ</span></big> </td> <td>k </td> <td>k' </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄎ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-5" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/4\/4f\/Mandarin_Chinese-k-%E5%8F%A3-pronunciation.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese-k-%E5%8F%A3-pronunciation.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hans\">\u53e3<\/span><\/span>\/k\u01d2u"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese-k-\u53e3-pronunciation.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4f/Mandarin_Chinese-k-%E5%8F%A3-pronunciation.wav/Mandarin_Chinese-k-%E5%8F%A3-pronunciation.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">口</span></span>/kǒu</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese-k-%E5%8F%A3-pronunciation.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese-k-口-pronunciation.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><b>k</b>in </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span></big> </td> <td colspan="2">l </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄌ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-6" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/27\/Mandarin_Chinese-l-%E6%9D%A5-pronunciation.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese-l-%E6%9D%A5-pronunciation.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hans\">\u6765<\/span><\/span>\/<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hant\">\u4f86<\/span><\/span>\/l\u00e1i"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese-l-\u6765-pronunciation.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/27/Mandarin_Chinese-l-%E6%9D%A5-pronunciation.wav/Mandarin_Chinese-l-%E6%9D%A5-pronunciation.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">来</span></span>/<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">來</span></span>/lái</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese-l-%E6%9D%A5-pronunciation.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese-l-来-pronunciation.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><b>l</b>eaf </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span></big> </td> <td colspan="2">m </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄇ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-7" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a1\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-m-%E6%98%8E.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-m-%E6%98%8E.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hans\">\u660e<\/span><\/span>\/m\u00edng"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-m-\u660e.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-m-%E6%98%8E.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-m-%E6%98%8E.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">明</span></span>/míng</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-m-%E6%98%8E.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-m-明.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><b>m</b>oon </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span></big> </td> <td colspan="2">n </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄋ，ㄣ，ㄢ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-8" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/60\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-n-%E6%B3%A5.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-n-%E6%B3%A5.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hans\">\u6ce5<\/span><\/span>\/n\u00ed"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-n-\u6ce5.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-n-%E6%B3%A5.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-n-%E6%B3%A5.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">泥</span></span>/ní</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-n-%E6%B3%A5.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-n-泥.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><b>n</b>oo<b>n</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span></big> </td> <td colspan="2">-ng </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄥ，ㄤ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-9" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/6d\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-j-%E6%B1%9F.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-j-%E6%B1%9F.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hans\">\u6c5f<\/span><\/span>\/ji\u0101ng"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-j-\u6c5f.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6d/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-j-%E6%B1%9F.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-j-%E6%B1%9F.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">江</span></span>/jiāng</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-j-%E6%B1%9F.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-j-江.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">so<b>ng</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span></big> </td> <td>b </td> <td>p </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄅ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-10" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/95\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-b-%E5%B8%AE.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-b-%E5%B8%AE.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hans\">\u5e2e<\/span><\/span>\/<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hant\">\u5e6b<\/span><\/span>\/b\u0101ng"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-b-\u5e2e.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/95/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-b-%E5%B8%AE.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-b-%E5%B8%AE.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">帮</span></span>/<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">幫</span></span>/bāng</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-b-%E5%B8%AE.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-b-帮.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">s<b>p</b>an </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">pʰ</span></big> </td> <td>p </td> <td>p' </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄆ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-11" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a3\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-p-%E6%BB%82.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-p-%E6%BB%82.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hans\">\u6ec2<\/span><\/span>\/p\u00e1ng"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-p-\u6ec2.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-p-%E6%BB%82.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-p-%E6%BB%82.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">滂</span></span>/páng</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-p-%E6%BB%82.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-p-滂.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><b>p</b>an </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex fricative">ʐ</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-r_sym_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-r_sym-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></big> </td> <td>r- </td> <td>j </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄖ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-12" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/71\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E6%97%A5.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E6%97%A5.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hans\">\u65e5<\/span><\/span>\/r\u00ec"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-\u65e5.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/71/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E6%97%A5.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E6%97%A5.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">日</span></span>/rì</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E6%97%A5.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-日.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">plea<b>s</b>ure, but with <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">tongue curled or pulled back</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span></big> </td> <td colspan="2">s </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄙ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-13" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f4\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E7%A7%81.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E7%A7%81.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hans\">\u79c1<\/span><\/span>\/s\u012b"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-\u79c1.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E7%A7%81.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E7%A7%81.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">私</span></span>/sī</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E7%A7%81.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-私.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><b>s</b>ame </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex fricative">ʂ</a></span></big> </td> <td colspan="2">sh </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄕ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-14" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/98\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E7%9F%A2.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E7%9F%A2.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hans\">\u77e2<\/span><\/span>\/sh\u01d0"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-\u77e2.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/98/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E7%9F%A2.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E7%9F%A2.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">矢</span></span>/shǐ</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E7%9F%A2.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-矢.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><b>sh</b>ow, but without lip rounding and with <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">tongue curled or pulled back</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span></big> </td> <td>d </td> <td>t </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄉ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-15" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b6\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-d-%E7%AB%AF.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-d-%E7%AB%AF.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hans\">\u7aef<\/span><\/span>\/du\u0101n"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-d-\u7aef.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-d-%E7%AB%AF.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-d-%E7%AB%AF.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">端</span></span>/duān</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-d-%E7%AB%AF.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-d-端.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">s<b>t</b>op </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tʰ</span></big> </td> <td>t </td> <td>t' </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄊ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-16" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/02\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-t-%E9%80%8F.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-t-%E9%80%8F.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hans\">\u900f<\/span><\/span>\/t\u00f2u"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-t-\u900f.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/02/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-t-%E9%80%8F.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-t-%E9%80%8F.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">透</span></span>/tòu</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-t-%E9%80%8F.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-t-透.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><b>t</b>op </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate">tɕ</a></span></big> </td> <td>j </td> <td>ch </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄐ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-17" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/53\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-j-%E5%8F%AB.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-j-%E5%8F%AB.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hans\">\u53eb<\/span><\/span>\/ji\u00e0o"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-j-\u53eb.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/53/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-j-%E5%8F%AB.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-j-%E5%8F%AB.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">叫</span></span>/jiào</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-j-%E5%8F%AB.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-j-叫.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><b>ch</b>eap,<sup id="cite_ref-palatal_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-palatal-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but more <a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">y-like</a> (without lip rounding) </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tɕʰ</span></big> </td> <td>q </td> <td>ch' </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄑ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-18" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a9\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-q-%E5%8E%BB.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-q-%E5%8E%BB.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hans\">\u53bb<\/span><\/span>\/q\u00f9"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-q-\u53bb.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a9/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-q-%E5%8E%BB.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-q-%E5%8E%BB.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">去</span></span>/qù</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-q-%E5%8E%BB.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-q-去.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">Above, but with a <a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">strong burst of breath</a> (aspiration) </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate">ts</a></span></big> </td> <td>z </td> <td>ts </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄗ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-19" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/ed\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-z-%E5%AD%90.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-z-%E5%AD%90.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hans\">\u5b50<\/span><\/span>\/z\u01d0"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-z-\u5b50.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-z-%E5%AD%90.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-z-%E5%AD%90.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">子</span></span>/zǐ</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-z-%E5%AD%90.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-z-子.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">ou<b>ts</b>et </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tsʰ</span></big> </td> <td>c </td> <td>ts' </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄘ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-20" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f0\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E6%AD%A4.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E6%AD%A4.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hans\">\u6b64<\/span><\/span>\/c\u01d0"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-\u6b64.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E6%AD%A4.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E6%AD%A4.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">此</span></span>/cǐ</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-%E6%AD%A4.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-此.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">le<b>t's h</b>elp </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiceless retroflex affricate">ʈʂ</a></span></big> </td> <td>zh </td> <td>ch </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄓ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-21" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/ff\/Mandarin_Chinese-zh-%E4%B9%8B.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese-zh-%E4%B9%8B.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh\">\u4e4b\/zh\u012b<\/span><\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese-zh-\u4e4b.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/ff/Mandarin_Chinese-zh-%E4%B9%8B.wav/Mandarin_Chinese-zh-%E4%B9%8B.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">之/zhī</span></span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese-zh-%E4%B9%8B.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese-zh-之.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><b>ch</b>eer, but without lip rounding and with <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">tongue curled or pulled back</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʈʂʰ</span></big> </td> <td>ch </td> <td>ch' </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄔ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-22" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c0\/Mandarin_Chinese-ch-%E5%90%83-pronunciation.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese-ch-%E5%90%83-pronunciation.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh\">\u5403\/ch\u012b<\/span><\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese-ch-\u5403-pronunciation.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/Mandarin_Chinese-ch-%E5%90%83-pronunciation.wav/Mandarin_Chinese-ch-%E5%90%83-pronunciation.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">吃/chī</span></span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese-ch-%E5%90%83-pronunciation.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese-ch-吃-pronunciation.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">Above, but with a <a href="/wiki/Aspirated_consonant" title="Aspirated consonant">strong burst of breath</a> (aspiration) </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span></big> </td> <td colspan="2">w-/-u- </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄨ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-23" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/ed\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-w-%E6%88%91.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-w-%E6%88%91.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hans\">\u6211<\/span><\/span>\/w\u01d2"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-w-\u6211.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/ed/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-w-%E6%88%91.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-w-%E6%88%91.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">我</span></span>/wǒ</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-w-%E6%88%91.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-w-我.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><b>w</b>ater </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span></big> </td> <td colspan="2">h </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄏ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-24" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/3d\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-h-%E7%81%AB.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-h-%E7%81%AB.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hans\">\u706b<\/span><\/span>\/hu\u01d2"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-h-\u706b.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3d/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-h-%E7%81%AB.wav/Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-h-%E7%81%AB.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">火</span></span>/huǒ</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese_pronunciation-h-%E7%81%AB.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese pronunciation-h-火.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">lo<b>ch</b> (Scottish English) </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93palatal_approximant" title="Voiced labial–palatal approximant">ɥ</a></span></big> </td> <td>yu-/-ü-<sup id="cite_ref-v_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-v-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>yü-/-ü- </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄩ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-25" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/d\/d0\/Mandarin_Chinese-%C3%BC-%E6%9C%88-pronunciation.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese-%C3%BC-%E6%9C%88-pronunciation.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hans\">\u6708<\/span><\/span>\/yu\u00e8"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese-\u00fc-\u6708-pronunciation.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d0/Mandarin_Chinese-%C3%BC-%E6%9C%88-pronunciation.wav/Mandarin_Chinese-%C3%BC-%E6%9C%88-pronunciation.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">月</span></span>/yuè</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese-%C3%BC-%E6%9C%88-pronunciation.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese-ü-月-pronunciation.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">between <b>w</b>et and <b>y</b>et </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">Vowels</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th> <th>Chinese example</th> <th>English approximation </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">a</a></span></big> </td> <td colspan="2">a </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄚ，ㄢ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">阿，安</span></span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: left;">c<b>a</b>t </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>e</b>r </td> <td><b>ê</b>rh </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄦ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">二，兒（儿）</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a></span></big> </td> <td colspan="2">y<b>a</b>ng/-i<b>a</b>ng </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄤ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">阳</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">f<b>a</b>ther </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></span></big> </td> <td>y<b>a</b>n/-i<b>a</b>n </td> <td>y<b>e</b>n/-i<b>e</b>n </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄧㄢ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">言</span></span> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="text-align: left;">s<b>e</b>t </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">yu<b>a</b>n/-ü<b>a</b>n </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄩㄢ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">元</span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span></big> </td> <td>y<b>e</b>/-i<b>e</b>, yu<b>e</b>/-ü<b>e</b> </td> <td>eh </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄝ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">也，月</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">h<b>e</b>y </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></span></big> </td> <td><b>e</b>n,<sup id="cite_ref-short_form_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-short_form-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>e</b>ng </td> <td><b>ê</b>n, <b>ê</b>ng </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄣ，ㄥ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">本，冷</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;"><b>a</b>top </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/R-colored_vowel" title="R-colored vowel">ɚ</a></span></big> </td> <td>er </td> <td>êrh </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄦ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">二，兒（儿）</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">f<b>urr</b>y<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back unrounded vowel">ɤ</a></span></big> </td> <td>e </td> <td>ê / o<sup id="cite_ref-eo_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eo-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄜ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">厄</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">between b<b>u</b>sh and b<b>u</b>t </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span></big> </td> <td colspan="2">yi/-i </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄧ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">李</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">cit<b>y</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span></big> </td> <td>w<b>o</b>/-u<b>o</b><sup id="cite_ref-py-o_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-py-o-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>/-<b>o</b>u </td> <td>o<sup id="cite_ref-wg-o_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wg-o-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄛ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">果</span></span>，<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">狗</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">st<b>o</b>ry </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɻ̩</span></big> </td> <td>zh<b>i</b>, ch<b>i</b>, sh<b>i</b>, r<b>i</b> </td> <td>ih </td> <td rowspan="2"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄭ</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-rare_sym_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rare_sym-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">之，吃，師（师），日</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">Below, but with <a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">tongue curled or pulled back</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɹ̩</span></big> </td> <td>z<b>i</b>, c<b>i</b>, s<b>i</b> </td> <td>ŭ </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">子，次，私</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">ros<b>e</b>s, cou<b>si</b>n </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span></big> </td> <td colspan="2">wu/-u </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄨ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">土</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">c<b>oo</b>l </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a></span></big> </td> <td>-<b>o</b>ng </td> <td>-<b>u</b>ng </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄨㄥ，ㄩㄥ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">冬，用</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">b<b>oo</b>k </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></span></big> </td> <td>yu/-ü<sup id="cite_ref-v_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-v-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>yü/-ü </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄩ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">雨</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">b<b>ee</b>t, but with the lips rounded as for b<b>oo</b>t </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Diphthong" title="Diphthong">Diphthongs</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">aɪ</span></big> </td> <td colspan="2">ai </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄞ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">艾</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">t<b>i</b>me </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">aʊ</span></big> </td> <td colspan="2">ao </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄠ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">凹</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">c<b>ow</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">eɪ</span></big> </td> <td colspan="2">ei<sup id="cite_ref-short_form_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-short_form-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄟ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">杯</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">f<b>a</b>ce </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">oʊ</span></big> </td> <td colspan="2">ou<sup id="cite_ref-short_form_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-short_form-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄡ</span></span> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">歐（欧）</span></span> </td> <td style="text-align: left;">g<b>oa</b>l </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)" title="Tone (linguistics)">Tones</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th> <th>Chinese example</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Tone_number" title="Tone number">Tone number</a></th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)#Phonetic_notation" title="Tone (linguistics)">á</a></span></big> </td> <td>ā </td> <td>a<sup>1</sup> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄚ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-26" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/fd\/Mandarin_Chinese-%E5%B7%B4-pronunciation.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese-%E5%B7%B4-pronunciation.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh\">\u5df4\/b\u0101<\/span><\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese-\u5df4-pronunciation.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fd/Mandarin_Chinese-%E5%B7%B4-pronunciation.wav/Mandarin_Chinese-%E5%B7%B4-pronunciation.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">巴/bā</span></span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese-%E5%B7%B4-pronunciation.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese-巴-pronunciation.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td>tone 1 </td> <td style="text-align: left;">high level <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[˥]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)#Phonetic_notation" title="Tone (linguistics)">ǎ</a></span></big> </td> <td>á </td> <td>a<sup>2</sup> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄚˊ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-27" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e1\/Mandarin_Chinese-%E6%8B%94.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese-%E6%8B%94.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh-Hans\">\u62d4<\/span><\/span>\/b\u00e1"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese-\u62d4.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e1/Mandarin_Chinese-%E6%8B%94.wav/Mandarin_Chinese-%E6%8B%94.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">拔</span></span>/bá</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese-%E6%8B%94.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese-拔.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td>tone 2 </td> <td style="text-align: left;">mid rising <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[˧˥]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)#Phonetic_notation" title="Tone (linguistics)">à</a></span></big> </td> <td>ǎ </td> <td>a<sup>3</sup> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄚˇ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-28" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/22\/Mandarin_Chinese-third_tone-%E6%8A%8A-pronunciation.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese-third_tone-%E6%8A%8A-pronunciation.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh\">\u628a\/b\u01ce<\/span><\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese-third tone-\u628a-pronunciation.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/22/Mandarin_Chinese-third_tone-%E6%8A%8A-pronunciation.wav/Mandarin_Chinese-third_tone-%E6%8A%8A-pronunciation.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">把/bǎ</span></span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese-third_tone-%E6%8A%8A-pronunciation.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese-third tone-把-pronunciation.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td>tone 3 </td> <td style="text-align: left;">medially, low <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[˩]</span>; initially, mid falling <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[˧˩]</span>; finally, low rising <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[˩˧]</span>; in isolation, dipping <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[˧˩˧]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)#Phonetic_notation" title="Tone (linguistics)">â</a></span></big> </td> <td>à </td> <td>a<sup>4</sup> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄚˋ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-29" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/34\/Mandarin_Chinese-%E7%88%B8-pronunciation.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese-%E7%88%B8-pronunciation.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh\">\u7238\/b\u00e0<\/span><\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese-\u7238-pronunciation.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/34/Mandarin_Chinese-%E7%88%B8-pronunciation.wav/Mandarin_Chinese-%E7%88%B8-pronunciation.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">爸/bà</span></span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese-%E7%88%B8-pronunciation.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese-爸-pronunciation.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td>tone 4 </td> <td style="text-align: left;">high falling <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[˥˩]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><big><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/Tone_(linguistics)#Phonetic_notation" title="Tone (linguistics)">a</a></span></big> </td> <td>a </td> <td>a<sup>0</sup> </td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">˙ㄚ</span></span> </td> <td><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-30" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/5c\/Mandarin_Chinese-fourth_tone-%E5%90%A7-pronunciation.wav\/Mandarin_Chinese-fourth_tone-%E5%90%A7-pronunciation.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span title=\"Chinese-language text\"><span lang=\"zh\">\u5427\/ba<\/span><\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Mandarin Chinese-fourth tone-\u5427-pronunciation.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/Mandarin_Chinese-fourth_tone-%E5%90%A7-pronunciation.wav/Mandarin_Chinese-fourth_tone-%E5%90%A7-pronunciation.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">吧/ba</span></span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandarin_Chinese-fourth_tone-%E5%90%A7-pronunciation.wav" title="File:Mandarin Chinese-fourth tone-吧-pronunciation.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span> </td> <td>tone 0 or 5<br/>(toneless) </td> <td style="text-align: left;">mid <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[˧]</span> after all tones but 4, where it is low <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[˩]</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="7"><b>Note:</b> Pinyin uses three of the same diacritics as IPA but with different values. </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Mandarin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-palatal-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-palatal_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-palatal_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɕ,<span class="wrap"> </span>tɕ,<span class="wrap"> </span>tɕʰ]</span> are always followed by <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[i]</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[j]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[y]</span>, or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɥ]</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-r_sym-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-r_sym_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also transcribed as <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex approximant">ɻ</a></span> in some literature.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-v-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-v_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-v_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>ü</i> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a>/</span>) is spelled <i>u</i> after j, q, x in pinyin since <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a>/</span> cannot occur after them.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-short_form-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-short_form_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-short_form_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-short_form_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>wei</i>, <i>you</i>/<i>yu</i>, <i>wen</i>/<i>wên</i> are spelled respectively <i>ui</i>, <i>iu</i>, <i>un</i> in Pinyin and Wade-Giles but are pronounced identically when they are preceded by a consonant.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The rhotic vowel also appears in <a href="/wiki/Erhua" title="Erhua">erhua</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eo-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-eo_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This sound is spelled ⟨o⟩ after ⟨k, k', h⟩ in Wade-Giles.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-py-o-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-py-o_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> This sound is spelled ⟨o⟩ after ⟨b, p, m, f⟩ in Pinyin.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wg-o-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wg-o_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Bopo">ㄨㄛ</span></span> is spelled as ⟨o⟩, except for ⟨k, k', h, sh⟩ (as ⟨kuo, k'uo, huo, shuo⟩) in Wade-Giles.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rare_sym-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rare_sym_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This symbol is rarely used and usually omitted during writing.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Voiced continuants (also transcribed <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɨ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɯ]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʐ̩,<span class="wrap"> </span>z̩]</span>) reflecting the character of the preceding consonant<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon.">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Mandarin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDuanmu2007" class="citation book cs1">Duanmu, San (2007). <i>The Phonology of Standard Chinese</i> (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonology+of+Standard+Chinese&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Duanmu&rft.aufirst=San&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FMandarin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeZee2003" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, Wai-Sum; Zee, Eric (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/050A393AF2D3C325E3C6796FE8CA99A3/S0025100303001208a.pdf/standard_chinese_beijing.pdf">"Standard Chinese (Beijing)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>. <b>33</b> (1): 109–112. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100303001208">10.1017/S0025100303001208</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Standard+Chinese+%28Beijing%29&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=109-112&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100303001208&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Wai-Sum&rft.au=Zee%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fservices%2Faop-cambridge-core%2Fcontent%2Fview%2F050A393AF2D3C325E3C6796FE8CA99A3%2FS0025100303001208a.pdf%2Fstandard_chinese_beijing.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FMandarin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLin2007" class="citation book cs1">Lin, Yen-Hwei (2007). <i>The Sounds of Chinese</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sounds+of+Chinese&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.aufirst=Yen-Hwei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHelp%3AIPA%2FMandarin" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Mandarin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Mandarin_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Mandarin IPA">Category:Pages with Mandarin IPA</a> (190)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="External_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-External_links"></span>External links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-External_links"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Mandarin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://project-modelino.com/chinese-phonetic-transcription-converter.php?site_language=english">Chinese Phonetic Transcription Converter</a>—Free Online Tool to convert Chinese Text to Pinyin and International Phonetic Transcription</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Northern_Thai" title="Help:IPA/Northern Thai">Northern Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Norwegian" title="Help:IPA/Norwegian">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Odia" title="Help:IPA/Odia">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Pashto" title="Help:IPA/Pashto">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Piedmontese" title="Help:IPA/Piedmontese">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Punjabi" title="Help:IPA/Punjabi">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Quechua" title="Help:IPA/Quechua">Quechua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">Romanian</a></li> <li><a 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title="Help:IPA/Spanish">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swahili" title="Help:IPA/Swahili">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swedish" title="Help:IPA/Swedish">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sylheti" title="Help:IPA/Sylheti">Sylheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tagalog" title="Help:IPA/Tagalog">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tamil" title="Help:IPA/Tamil">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tatar" title="Help:IPA/Tatar">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Telugu" title="Help:IPA/Telugu">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Thai" title="Help:IPA/Thai">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tibetan" title="Help:IPA/Tibetan">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tigrinya" title="Help:IPA/Tigrinya">Tigrinya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkmen" title="Help:IPA/Turkmen">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ukrainian" title="Help:IPA/Ukrainian">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Uzbek" title="Help:IPA/Uzbek">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Venetian" title="Help:IPA/Venetian">Venetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Vietnamese" title="Help:IPA/Vietnamese">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Walloon" title="Help:IPA/Walloon">Walloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/West_Frisian" title="Help:IPA/West Frisian">West Frisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Xhosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Yiddish" title="Help:IPA/Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Yoruba" title="Help:IPA/Yoruba">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Zhuang" title="Help:IPA/Zhuang">Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Zulu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Conventions_for_English" title="Help:IPA/Conventions for English">IPA conventions for English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects">English dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">Wikipedia pronunciation respelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling_for_English" title="Pronunciation respelling for English">Other English pronunciation respellings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Introductory guides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Introduction" title="Help:IPA/Introduction">For English speakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Manual of Style: Pronunciation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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