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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div class="subpages">< <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a></bdi></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/30px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/45px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Parentesi_Quadre.svg/60px-Parentesi_Quadre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="75" data-file-height="100"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><b>This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">pronunciation key</a> for <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> transcriptions of Lebanese Arabic on Wikipedia.</b><div style="font-size: 90%;">It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Lebanese Arabic in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Help_talk:IPA/Lebanese_Arabic" title="Help talk:IPA/Lebanese Arabic">talk page</a> first.</div><div style="font-size: 90%;">For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Help:IPA</a>. For the distinction between <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ ]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ /</span> and ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> </span>⟩, see <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Brackets_and_transcription_delimiters" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters</a>.</div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><div style="white-space: nowrap;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="H:IPA-APC-LB"></span><span id="H:IPALA"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:IPA-APC-LB&redirect=no">H:IPA-APC-LB</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:IPALA&redirect=no">H:IPALA</a></span></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Lebanese Arabic</div> <p>Throughout Wikipedia, the pronunciation of words is indicated by means of the <b><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a></b> (<b>IPA</b>). The following tables list the IPA symbols used for <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Arabic" title="Lebanese Arabic">Lebanese Arabic</a> words and pronunciations. Please note that several of these symbols are used in ways that are specific to Wikipedia and differ from those used by dictionaries. </p><p>If the IPA symbols are not displayed properly by your browser, see the <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English#See_also" title="Help:IPA/English">links below</a>. </p><p>Wikipedia transcriptions for Lebanese Arabic vowels may be either more general and abstract, using only the symbols from the first column (primary vowel), or more detailed and precise, using the symbols from the second column (variants, allophones); see <a href="/wiki/Narrow_versus_broad_transcription" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow versus broad transcription">narrow versus broad transcription</a>. In narrower transcription, if the "variants, allophones" column shows two vowels joined by a tilde (as in <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back unrounded vowel">ʌ</a></span>, for example), the first one should be used on Wikipedia — even if the second is slightly closer to the sound being transcribed. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1119456059">.mw-parser-output .tocnumber{display:none}.mw-parser-output #toc ul,.mw-parser-output .toc ul{line-height:1.5em;list-style:none;margin:.3em 0 0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist #toc ul ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist .toc ul ul{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1097603156">.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-align-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .horizontal-toc-align-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output 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.hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist horizontal-toc"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Key" data-mw-thread-id="h-Key"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Key"></span>Key<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Key"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Lebanese_Arabic&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Key"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="background: none"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">Consonants</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>IPA </th> <th>English<br/>approximation </th> <th>Arabic<br/>letter/symbol </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td><i><b>b</b>ee</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="ب">ب</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span> </td> <td><i><b>d</b>ash</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="د">د</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Pharyngealization" title="Pharyngealization">dˤ</a></span> </td> <td>emphatic <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a>/</span>, no equivalent </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="ض">ض</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span> </td> <td><i><b>f</b>ather</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81" class="mw-redirect" title="ف">ف</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> </td> <td><i><b>h</b>e</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ه">ه</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiceless pharyngeal fricative">ħ</a></span> </td> <td><b>h</b>ad, <i>but <a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_consonant" title="Pharyngeal consonant">pharyngeal</a></i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="ح">ح</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td> <td><i><b>k</b>in</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%83" class="mw-redirect" title="ك">ك</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td><i><b>l</b>eaf</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%84" class="mw-redirect" title="ل">ل</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td><i><b>m</b>e</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85" class="mw-redirect" title="م">م</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td><i><b>n</b>o</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%86" class="mw-redirect" title="ن">ن</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span> </td> <td>Spanish <i>pe<b>r</b>o</i>, <i>pe<b>rr</b>o</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="ر">ر</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> </td> <td><i><b>s</b>ee</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="ث">ث</a> ,<a href="/wiki/%D8%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="س">س</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-interdentals_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interdentals-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Pharyngealization" title="Pharyngealization">sˤ</a></span> </td> <td>emphatic <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>/</span>, no equivalent </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="ص">ص</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span> </td> <td><i><b>sh</b>e</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="ش">ش</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> </td> <td><i><b>t</b>ick</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="ة">ة</a> ,<a href="/wiki/%D8%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="ت">ت</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref--t_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note--t-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Pharyngealization" title="Pharyngealization">tˤ</a></span> </td> <td>emphatic <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a>/</span>, no equivalent </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="ط">ط</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span> </td> <td>Scottish English <i>lo<b>ch</b>;</i><br/>Spanish <i><b>j</b>ota;</i><br/>German <i>Ba<b>ch</b></i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="خ">خ</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a></span> </td> <td>Spanish <i>fue<b>g</b>o</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="غ">غ</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span> </td> <td><i><b>z</b>oo</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="ذ">ذ</a> ,<a href="/wiki/%D8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ز">ز</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-interdentals_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interdentals-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Pharyngealization" title="Pharyngealization">zˤ</a></span> </td> <td>emphatic <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>/</span>, no equivalent </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="ص">ص</a> ,<a href="/wiki/%D8%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="ظ">ظ</a></span></span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-interdentals_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interdentals-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a></span> </td> <td><i>vi<b>si</b>on</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="ج">ج</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> </td> <td><i>uh<b>-</b>oh, Hawai<b>'</b>i</i><br/>(<a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">glottal stop</a>) </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ق">ق</a> ,<a href="/wiki/%D8%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="ء">ء</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-q_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-q-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiced pharyngeal fricative">ʕ</a></span> </td> <td>no equivalent<br/>(<a href="/wiki/Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiced pharyngeal fricative">voiced pharyngeal fricative</a> or approximant) </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="ع">ع</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Semivowels </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td><i><b>y</b>es</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="ي">ي</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> </td> <td><i><b>w</b>e</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88" class="mw-redirect" title="و">و</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Marginal consonants </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a></span> </td> <td><i><b>th</b>in</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="ث">ث</a></span></span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-interdentals_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interdentals-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a></span> </td> <td><i><b>th</b>e</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="ذ">ذ</a></span></span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-interdentals_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interdentals-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Pharyngealization" title="Pharyngealization">ðˤ</a></span> </td> <td>emphatic /<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a></span>/, no equivalent </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="ظ">ظ</a></span></span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-interdentals_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interdentals-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a></span> </td> <td>close to English <i><b>c</b>ondo</i>, <i><b>c</b>lass</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ق">ق</a></span></span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-q_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-q-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">Non-native consonants </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">g</a></span> </td> <td><i><b>g</b>a<b>gg</b>le</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%83" class="mw-redirect" title="ك">ك</a> ,<a href="/wiki/%D8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="ج">ج</a> ,<a href="/wiki/%D8%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="غ">غ</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><i><b>p</b>ack</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="ب">ب</a> ,<a href="/wiki/%D9%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="پ">پ</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span> </td> <td><b>v</b>al<b>v</b>e </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%81" class="mw-redirect" title="ف">ف</a> ,<a href="/wiki/%DA%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="ڤ">ڤ</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="vertical-align: top;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">Vowels</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">IPA </th> <th rowspan="2">English<br/>approximation </th> <th rowspan="2">Arabic letter/symbol </th> <th rowspan="2">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th>Primary vowel </th> <th>Variants, <a href="/wiki/Allophone" title="Allophone">allophones</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Monophthong" title="Monophthong">Monophthongs</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span>, <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a></span>, <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back unrounded vowel">ʌ</a></span> </td> <td><i>b<b>a</b>d;</i> <i>p<b>a</b>lm</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar">ــَـ</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fathah" class="mw-redirect" title="Fathah">fathah</a>,<br/><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="ة">ة</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref--t_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note--t-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-a_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span>, <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a></span> </td> <td><i>happ<b>y</b>;</i> French <i>caf<b>é</b>;</i> <i>k<b>i</b>t</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar">ــِـ</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kasrah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kasrah">kasrah</a>,<br/><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="ة">ة</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref--t_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note--t-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-tenselax_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tenselax-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span>, <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a></span> </td> <td><i>haird<b>o</b>;</i> <i>carg<b>o</b>;</i> <i>p<b>u</b>t,</i> <i>f<b>oo</b>t</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar">ــُـ</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dammah" class="mw-redirect" title="Dammah">dammah</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-tenselax_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tenselax-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></span>, all of the above<sup id="cite_ref-schwa-pron_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schwa-pron-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>butt<b>o</b>n, lov<b>a</b>ble </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar">ـْـ</span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sukun" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukun">sukun</a> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-schwa_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schwa-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">eː</a></span> </td> <td>Drawn-out <i>m<b>eh</b>,</i> Scottish <i>m<b>ay</b></i> </td> <td rowspan="3"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="ا">ا</a></span></span> </td> <td rowspan="3"><sup id="cite_ref-alif_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alif-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">aː</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æː</a></span>, <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">aː</a></span> </td> <td><i>b<b>a</b>d;</i><br/>American English <i>br<b>ah</b></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑː</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑː</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back unrounded vowel">ʌː</a></span>, <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open back rounded vowel">ɒː</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔː</a></span> </td> <td><i>br<b>a</b>;</i> <i>l<b>aw</b>yer,</i> <i>b<b>ow</b>l</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">iː</a></span> </td> <td><i>mach<b>i</b>ne</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="ي">ي</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">uː</a></span> </td> <td><i>r<b>u</b>le</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88" class="mw-redirect" title="و">و</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">eː</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">eː</a></span>, <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td>Drawn-out <i>m<b>eh</b>;</i> <i>m<b>ay</b></i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><a href="/wiki/Fatha" class="mw-disambig" title="Fatha">ي</a></span></span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-diphthongs_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diphthongs-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">oː</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">oː</a></span>, <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> </td> <td><i>st<b>o</b>ry</i>; <i>g<b>oa</b>l</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88" class="mw-redirect" title="و">و</a></span></span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-diphthongs_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diphthongs-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Diphthong" title="Diphthong">Diphthongs</a> <small>(vowel+glide)</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span>, <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td>Close to <i>l<b>igh</b>t;</i> <i>f<b>a</b>ce</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><a href="/wiki/Fatha" class="mw-disambig" title="Fatha">ـَي</a></span></span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-diphthongs_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diphthongs-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span>, <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span> </td> <td>Close to <i><b>ou</b>t;</i> <i>g<b>oa</b>t</i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar"><a href="/wiki/Fatha" class="mw-disambig" title="Fatha">ـَو</a></span></span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-diphthongs_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-diphthongs-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="5">Distinct word-final vowels </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">-<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> </td> <td><i>happ<b>y</b></i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">(ـ<a href="/wiki/%D8%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="ة">ة</a>) ,ـ<a href="/wiki/%D9%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="ي">ي</a></span></span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">-<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span> </td> <td>French <i>caf<b>é</b></i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">(ـ<a href="/wiki/%D9%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="ي">ي</a>) ,ـ<a href="/wiki/%D8%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="ة">ة</a></span></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">-<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span> </td> <td><i>haird<b>o</b></i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ـوا ,ـ<a href="/wiki/%D9%88" class="mw-redirect" title="و">و</a></span></span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">-<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span> </td> <td><i>carg<b>o</b></i> </td> <td><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ـ<a href="/wiki/%D9%87" class="mw-redirect" title="ه">ه</a> ,ـ<a href="/wiki/%D9%88" class="mw-redirect" title="و">و</a></span></span> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet#Suprasegmentals" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">Suprasegmentals</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA</a> </th> <th>Examples </th> <th colspan="2">Explanation </th></tr> <tr> <td>ˈa </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈkiːwi]</span> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">كيوي</span></span> ("kiwi") </td> <td colspan="2">Indicates that the following syllable is stressed. </td></tr> <tr> <td>a<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Length_(phonetics)" title="Length (phonetics)">ː</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[kiːs]</span> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">كيس</span></span> ("bag") </td> <td colspan="2">Indicates that the preceding vowel is long. </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Specific cases </th></tr> <tr> <th style="width: 100px;">Arabic<br/>letter/symbol </th> <th style="width: 140px;">Examples </th> <th style="width: 140px;">Explanation </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84" class="mw-redirect" title="ال">ال</a></span></span> ("the") </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[lˈhɪnde]</span> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الهندي</span></span> ("the Indian") </td> <td rowspan="2">The definite article <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84" class="mw-redirect" title="ال">ال</a></span></span> consists of a single consonant in its own syllable at the beginning of a word. Its default form is [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span>], but it <a href="/wiki/Assimilation_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Assimilation (linguistics)">assimilates</a> to a following <a href="/wiki/Coronal_consonant" title="Coronal consonant">coronal consonant</a>, namely any of [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Pharyngealization" title="Pharyngealization">tˤ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Pharyngealization" title="Pharyngealization">dˤ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Pharyngealization" title="Pharyngealization">sˤ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Pharyngealization" title="Pharyngealization">zˤ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a></span>]. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[zˈzeːn]</span> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الزين</span></span> ("the beauty") </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Lebanese_Arabic&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>If your browser does not display IPA symbols, you probably need to install a font that includes the IPA. Good free IPA fonts include <a href="/wiki/Gentium" title="Gentium">Gentium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charis_SIL" title="Charis SIL">Charis SIL</a> (more complete); a monospaced font is <a href="/wiki/Everson_Mono" title="Everson Mono">Everson Mono</a> which is complete; download links can be found on those pages.</li> <li>For a guide to adding pronunciations to Wikipedia articles, see the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA" title="Template:IPA">IPA</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template.</li> <li>For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation#Entering_IPA_characters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">Help:IPA/Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Egyptian_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Egyptian Arabic">Help:IPA/Egyptian Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hejazi_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Hejazi Arabic">Help:IPA/Hejazi Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tunisian_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Tunisian Arabic">Help:IPA/Tunisian Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Lebanese_Arabic_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Lebanese Arabic IPA">Category:Pages with Lebanese Arabic IPA</a> (68)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Lebanese_Arabic&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-interdentals-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-interdentals_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-interdentals_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-interdentals_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-interdentals_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-interdentals_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-interdentals_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="ظ">ظ</a> ,<a href="/wiki/%D8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="ذ">ذ</a> ,<a href="/wiki/%D8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="ث">ث</a></span></span> represent <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a>]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a>]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[zˤ]</span>, respectively, except in certain words borrowed from <a href="/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic" title="Modern Standard Arabic">Modern Standard Arabic</a>, where they represent <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a>]</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a>]</span>, and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ðˤ]</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note--t-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref--t_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref--t_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref--t_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The letter <span class="nowrap">⟨<span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D8%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="ة">ة</a></span></span>⟩</span> appears <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">at the end of a word</a>, indicating that it is <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_number#Singular_versus_plural" title="Grammatical number">singular</a> and <a href="/wiki/Feminine_gender" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminine gender">feminine</a>. It represents the sound [-t] when the word is grammatically <a href="/wiki/Construct_state" title="Construct state">possessed by something</a>. Otherwise, the letter only represents a vowel that varies between [<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">a</span>~<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɑ</span>] and [<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">e</span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span>]. In broad transcription, use /<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span>/ following an <a href="/wiki/Emphatic_consonant" title="Emphatic consonant">emphatic consonant</a> or any of /<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiceless pharyngeal fricative">ħ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiced pharyngeal fricative">ʕ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span>/, <b>except</b> following /iːr/, in which case use /<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span>/. Also use /<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span>/ after all other consonants. In narrow transcription, follow the same rules, except use [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a></span>] after an <a href="/wiki/Emphatic_consonant" title="Emphatic consonant">emphatic consonant</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-q-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-q_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-q_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Original */<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a></span>/ <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%82" class="mw-redirect" title="ق">ق</a></span></span> continues to be pronounced as /<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a></span>/ by the <a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Druze" title="Lebanese Druze">Lebanese Druze</a>, but speakers in the rest of the country exhibit this pronunciation only marginally and mostly in proper nouns like <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">/qur.ʔaːn/ "Qur'an"</a>. In all other words, despite occasional regional variation, its most-standard pronunciation is /<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span>/. Therefore, transcribe as /<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a></span>/ in such proper nouns and in terms pertaining to the Druze, and as /<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span>/ otherwise.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-a_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Broad transcription should use /<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span>/ exclusively. Narrow transcription should instead use [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a></span>] when either immediately after an <a href="/wiki/Emphatic_consonant" title="Emphatic consonant">emphatic consonant</a> or anywhere before one in the same word.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tenselax-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tenselax_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tenselax_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Except word-finally, there is no functional phonemic distinction between "tense" [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span>] and their "lax" counterparts [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a></span>], and for some speakers they are in free variation. Broad transcription should use /<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span>/ exclusively. Narrow transcription can use [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span>] invariably before the semivowels [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span>] and in light syllables, but [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a></span>] in stressed and heavy/superheavy syllables. If a consonant-final word ends in an unstressed syllable containing /<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span>/, however, use [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span>] in narrow transcription rather than [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a></span>].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schwa-pron-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-schwa-pron_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Assimilation_(phonology)" title="Assimilation (phonology)">Assimilates</a> to nearby consonants and vowels.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-schwa-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-schwa_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Epenthesis" title="Epenthesis">Inserted</a> sometimes to break up a <a href="/wiki/Consonant_cluster" title="Consonant cluster">cluster of two consonants</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Syllabic_coda" class="mw-redirect" title="Syllabic coda">end of a syllable</a>, creating an extra syllable that can never be stressed. Prefer not to transcribe, as in <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">برد</span></span> /bard/ "cold", but if the intent is to match an English transliteration that represents it, then use parentheses as in <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">برد</span></span> /bar(ə)d/.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alif-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-alif_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(The pronunciation of <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="ا">"long <i>a</i>"</a> in a given context varies greatly from region to region, so if a word can be demonstrated to have a common pronunciation in violation of the following guidelines, record it as well.) The default pronunciation is /<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">eː</a></span>/ [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">eː</a></span>]. In broad transcription, use /<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">aː</a></span>/ when directly adjacent to an <a href="/wiki/Emphatic_consonant" title="Emphatic consonant">emphatic consonant</a> or /<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span>/, as well as when anywhere before an <a href="/wiki/Emphatic_consonant" title="Emphatic consonant">emphatic consonant</a> in the same word, and lastly when immediately following any of /<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiceless pharyngeal fricative">ħ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiced pharyngeal fricative">ʕ</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span>/. In narrow transcription, follow the same rules, except use [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑː</a></span>] in the same proximities of an <a href="/wiki/Emphatic_consonant" title="Emphatic consonant">emphatic consonant</a> and [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æː</a></span>] after [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span>]. (The pronunciation /<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open back rounded vowel">ɒː</a></span>~<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔː</a></span>/ is a regional variant of /<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑː</a></span>/).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-diphthongs-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-diphthongs_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-diphthongs_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-diphthongs_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-diphthongs_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">In Lebanese Arabic, the original Arabic diphthongs */<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span>/ are typically preserved in all syllables that are not word-final. In word-final <a href="/wiki/Closed_syllable" class="mw-redirect" title="Closed syllable">closed syllables</a>, they are only rarely (and/or regionally) conserved, instead resulting in the monophthongs /<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">eː</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">oː</a></span>/ in "standard" speech. In both cases, certain speakers may substitute /<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> <span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span>/, but this should not be favored in transcription.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Only appears in monosyllables like <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">شِي</span></span> /ʃ<b>i(ː)</b>/ "something" as an alternative realization of /-iː/, as well as traditionally in various suffixes spelled with <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ـ<a href="/wiki/%D9%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="ي">ي</a></span></span>: the verbal second-person-feminine conjugational suffix seen in <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">تَعِي</span></span> /taʕ<b>i</b>/ "come! (feminine)", the first-person possessive enclitic seen in <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">كتَابِي</span></span> /kteːb<b>i</b>/ "my book", the <a href="/wiki/Nisba" class="mw-disambig" title="Nisba">nisba</a> suffix as in <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">لِبنانِي</span></span> /libneːn<b>i</b>/ "Lebanese", and others. The latter set of examples is merged by many speakers into -e, however. Therefore, transcribe with both, as in <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">لِبنانِي</span></span> /libneːne, -ni/.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Only appears in monosyllables like <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">شُو</span></span> /ʃ<b>u(ː)</b>/ "what" as an alternative realization of /-uː/, as well as traditionally in the verbal third-person-plural conjugational suffix: <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">إِجُوا</span></span> /ʔiʒ<b>u</b>/ "they came". The latter is merged by many speakers into /-o/ as seen below, however. Therefore, transcribe with both, as in <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">إِجُوا</span></span> /ʔiʒu, -o/.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Traditionally and for certain speakers, only appears in loanwords like French-derived /gatˈto/ and /majˈjo/, as well as in the "he" <a href="/wiki/Enclitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Enclitic">enclitic</a> pronoun: <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">كتَابُو</span></span> /kteːb<b>o</b>/ "his book". In both cases, it is misleadingly spelled with <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl"><a href="/wiki/%D9%88" class="mw-redirect" title="و">و</a></span></span> in the Arabic script, but <b>do not</b> take this to mean that it should be transcribed /-<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span>/.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_keys" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar 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class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Adyghe" title="Help:IPA/Adyghe">Adyghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Afrikaans" title="Help:IPA/Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Albanian" title="Help:IPA/Albanian">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Amharic" title="Help:IPA/Amharic">Amharic</a></li> <li>Arabic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">Modern Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Egyptian_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Egyptian Arabic">Egyptian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hejazi_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Hejazi Arabic">Hejazi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tunisian_Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Tunisian Arabic">Tunisian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Armenian" title="Help:IPA/Armenian">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Assamese" title="Help:IPA/Assamese">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Australian_languages" title="Help:IPA/Australian languages">Australian languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Azerbaijani" title="Help:IPA/Azerbaijani">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Basque" title="Help:IPA/Basque">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Belarusian" title="Help:IPA/Belarusian">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bengali" title="Help:IPA/Bengali">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Berber" title="Help:IPA/Berber">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Breton" title="Help:IPA/Breton">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Bulgarian" title="Help:IPA/Bulgarian">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Burmese" title="Help:IPA/Burmese">Burmese</a></li> <li>Catalan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Catalan">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Insular_Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Insular Catalan">Insular</a></li></ul></li> <li>Chinese <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mandarin" title="Help:IPA/Mandarin">Mandarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Cantonese" title="Help:IPA/Cantonese">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Taiwanese_Hokkien" title="Help:IPA/Taiwanese Hokkien">Hokkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Jin_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Jin Chinese">Jin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Wu_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Wu Chinese">Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Xiang_Chinese" title="Help:IPA/Xiang Chinese">Xiang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Corsican" title="Help:IPA/Corsican">Corsican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Czech" title="Help:IPA/Czech">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Danish" title="Help:IPA/Danish">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Dari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">English</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Old_English" title="Help:IPA/Old English">Old English</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol" title="Help:IPA/Emilian-Romagnol">Emilian-Romagnol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Esperanto" title="Help:IPA/Esperanto">Esperanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Estonian" title="Help:IPA/Estonian">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Extremaduran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Fijian" title="Help:IPA/Fijian">Fijian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Finnish" title="Help:IPA/Finnish">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al" title="Help:IPA/Franco-Provençal">Franco-Provençal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Galician" title="Help:IPA/Galician">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Georgian" title="Help:IPA/Georgian">Georgian</a></li> <li>German <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Alemannic_German" title="Help:IPA/Alemannic German">Alemannic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Colognian" title="Help:IPA/Colognian">Colognian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greek" title="Help:IPA/Greek">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Greenlandic" title="Help:IPA/Greenlandic">Greenlandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Gujarati" title="Help:IPA/Gujarati">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Haitian_Creole" title="Help:IPA/Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hawaiian" title="Help:IPA/Hawaiian">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hebrew" title="Help:IPA/Hebrew">Hebrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hmong" title="Help:IPA/Hmong">Hmong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hungarian" title="Help:IPA/Hungarian">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Icelandic" title="Help:IPA/Icelandic">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Igbo" title="Help:IPA/Igbo">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Indonesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inuktitut" title="Help:IPA/Inuktitut">Inuktitut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Inupiaq" title="Help:IPA/Inupiaq">Inupiaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Irish" title="Help:IPA/Irish">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Isan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">Italian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Central_Italian" title="Help:IPA/Central Italian">Central</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Japanese" title="Help:IPA/Japanese">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kazakh" title="Help:IPA/Kazakh">Kazakh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Khmer" title="Help:IPA/Khmer">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Korean" title="Help:IPA/Korean">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kurdish" title="Help:IPA/Kurdish">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kyrgyz" title="Help:IPA/Kyrgyz">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lakota" title="Help:IPA/Lakota">Lakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lao" title="Help:IPA/Lao">Lao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latin" title="Help:IPA/Latin">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Latvian" title="Help:IPA/Latvian">Latvian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ligurian" title="Help:IPA/Ligurian">Ligurian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lithuanian" title="Help:IPA/Lithuanian">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Lombard" title="Help:IPA/Lombard">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Luxembourgish" title="Help:IPA/Luxembourgish">Luxembourgish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Macedonian" title="Help:IPA/Macedonian">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malagasy" title="Help:IPA/Malagasy">Malagasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" title="Help:IPA/Malay">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malayalam" title="Help:IPA/Malayalam">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Maltese" title="Help:IPA/Maltese">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Manx" title="Help:IPA/Manx">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/M%C4%81ori" title="Help:IPA/Māori">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marathi" title="Help:IPA/Marathi">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Marshallese" title="Help:IPA/Marshallese">Marshallese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mauritian_Creole" title="Help:IPA/Mauritian Creole">Mauritian Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mayan" title="Help:IPA/Mayan">Mayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mongolian" title="Help:IPA/Mongolian">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese" title="Help:IPA/Astur-Leonese">Mirandese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nahuatl" title="Help:IPA/Nahuatl">Nahuatl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Navajo" title="Help:IPA/Navajo">Navajo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Neapolitan" title="Help:IPA/Neapolitan">Neapolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nepali" title="Help:IPA/Nepali">Nepali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Northern_Thai" title="Help:IPA/Northern Thai">Northern Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Norwegian" title="Help:IPA/Norwegian">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Odia" title="Help:IPA/Odia">Odia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Pashto" title="Help:IPA/Pashto">Pashto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Piedmontese" title="Help:IPA/Piedmontese">Piedmontese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Punjabi" title="Help:IPA/Punjabi">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Quechua" title="Help:IPA/Quechua">Quechua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romanian" title="Help:IPA/Romanian">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Romansh" title="Help:IPA/Romansh">Romansh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sanskrit" title="Help:IPA/Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sardinian" title="Help:IPA/Sardinian">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Help:IPA/Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sicilian" title="Help:IPA/Sicilian">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovak" title="Help:IPA/Slovak">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Slovene" title="Help:IPA/Slovene">Slovene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sorbian" title="Help:IPA/Sorbian">Sorbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swahili" title="Help:IPA/Swahili">Swahili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Swazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Swedish" title="Help:IPA/Swedish">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sylheti" title="Help:IPA/Sylheti">Sylheti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tagalog" title="Help:IPA/Tagalog">Tagalog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Shan_and_Tai_Lue" title="Help:IPA/Shan and Tai Lue">Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">Tajik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tamil" title="Help:IPA/Tamil">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tatar" title="Help:IPA/Tatar">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Telugu" title="Help:IPA/Telugu">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Thai" title="Help:IPA/Thai">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tibetan" title="Help:IPA/Tibetan">Tibetan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Tigrinya" title="Help:IPA/Tigrinya">Tigrinya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish" title="Help:IPA/Turkish">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkmen" title="Help:IPA/Turkmen">Turkmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ukrainian" title="Help:IPA/Ukrainian">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">Urdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Uzbek" title="Help:IPA/Uzbek">Uzbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Venetian" title="Help:IPA/Venetian">Venetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Vietnamese" title="Help:IPA/Vietnamese">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Walloon" title="Help:IPA/Walloon">Walloon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Welsh" title="Help:IPA/Welsh">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/West_Frisian" title="Help:IPA/West Frisian">West Frisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Xhosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Yiddish" title="Help:IPA/Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Yoruba" title="Help:IPA/Yoruba">Yoruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Zhuang" title="Help:IPA/Zhuang">Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Nguni" title="Help:IPA/Nguni">Zulu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comparisons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Conventions_for_English" title="Help:IPA/Conventions for English">IPA conventions for English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects">English dialects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">Wikipedia pronunciation respelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronunciation_respelling_for_English" title="Pronunciation respelling for English">Other English pronunciation respellings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Introductory guides</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Introduction" title="Help:IPA/Introduction">For English speakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Manual of Style: Pronunciation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Lebanese_Arabic&oldid=1250514463">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:IPA/Lebanese_Arabic&oldid=1250514463</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:International_Phonetic_Alphabet_help" title="Category:International Phonetic Alphabet help">International Phonetic Alphabet 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