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<div id="gooSearch"> <script async src="https://cse.google.com/cse.js?cx=6a091aba9f3e1fba3"></script> <div class="gcse-searchbox-only"></div> </div> <div id="content"> <div> <h1> <a href="temperature-d_291.html"> Temperature </a> </h1> <h2> Introduction to temperature - including Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin and Rankine definitions - and an online temperature converter. </h2> <div id="adSlotDoc1" class="noPrint"> <div>  <div id="adngin-doc1-0"></div> </div> </div> <div> <p>Temperature (sometimes called thermodynamic temperature) is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system. Temperature is the degree of " <i> hotness </i> " ( or " <i> coldness </i> ") - a measure of the <em> heat intensity </em> . The most common symbol or abbreviation for temperature is <strong> T </strong>.</p> <p>When two objects of different temperatures are in contact - the warmer object becomes colder while the colder object becomes warmer. This means that heat flows from the warmer to the colder object.</p> <h3>Temperature Converter</h3> <p>Convert between <i> °C (Celsius), °F (Fahrenheit), K (Kelvin) </i> and <i> °R (Rankine) </i> with the calculator below:</p> <form action="#" id="temperature0" name="temperature0"> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><label> <input id="temperature_value" size="5" type="number" value="0" > <i> Temperature </i> </label></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><label> <input checked="checked" name="temperature_unit" type="radio" value="degC" > <i> °C </i> </label></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><label> <input name="temperature_unit" type="radio" value="degF" > <i> °F </i> </label></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><label> <input name="temperature_unit" type="radio" value="degK" > <i> K </i> </label></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><label> <input name="temperature_unit" type="radio" value="degR" > <i> °R </i> </label></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><input id="temperature_calculate3" type="button" value="Convert!" ></p> </form> <p id="result0" style="padding-left: 30px;"></p>  <table class="small"><caption>Temperature Units</caption> <thead> <tr> <td><strong> Rankine </strong></td> <td><strong> Kelvin </strong></td> <td><strong> Fahrenheit </strong></td> <td><strong> Celsius </strong></td> </tr> <tr> <td><strong> °R </strong></td> <td><strong> K </strong></td> <td><strong> °F </strong></td> <td><strong> C </strong></td> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>-459.67</td> <td>-273.15</td> </tr> <tr> <td>100</td> <td>55.56</td> <td>-359.67</td> <td>-217.59</td> </tr> <tr> <td>180</td> <td>100</td> <td>-279.67</td> <td>-173.15</td> </tr> <tr> <td>459.67</td> <td>255.37</td> <td>0</td> <td>-17.78</td> </tr> <tr> <td>491.67</td> <td>273.15</td> <td>32</td> <td>0</td> </tr> <tr> <td>559.67</td> <td>310.93</td> <td>100</td> <td>37.78</td> </tr> <tr> <td>671.67</td> <td>373.15</td> <td>212</td> <td>100</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <ul> <li><a class="homeScreen" href="shortcut-webpage-homescreen-desktop-d_2230.html"> Make a Shortcut to this Calculator on Your Home Screen? </a></li> </ul> <h3>Temperature Converter - Web App</h3> <p>Add the <a href="http://apps.engineeringtoolbox.com/temperature-converter-a_1.html" title="Temperature Converter Web App"> Temperature Converter Web App </a> to your mobile device or desktop. The App is saved in your browser and works offline automatically after first visit.</p> <div id="adInContent1" class="noPrint"> <div>  <div id="adngin-incontent1-0"></div> </div> </div> <h3>Degree Celsius (°C) and Degree Fahrenheit (°F)</h3> <p>A thermometer can help us determine how cold or hot a substance is. Temperature is in most of the world measured and reported in <em> degrees Celsius ( <i> °C </i> ). </em> In the U.S. it is common to report temperature in <em> degrees Fahrenheit ( <i> °F </i> ) </em> . In the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales the temperatures where ice melts (water freezes) and water boils are used as reference points.</p> <ul> <li>In the Celsius scale the freezing point of water is defined as <i> 0 °C </i> and the boiling point is defined as <i> 100 °C </i></li> <li>In the Fahrenheit scale the water freezes at <i> 32 °F </i> and boils at <i> 212 °F </i></li> </ul> <p>In the Celsius scale there are <i> 100 degrees </i> between the freezing point and the boiling point of water compared to <i> 180 degrees </i> in the Fahrenheit scale. This means that <i> 1 °C = 1.8 °F </i> (check the section about temperature differences below).</p> <p>Values can be converted between the two temperature units by using the equations:</p> <blockquote> <p><em> T(°F) = 1.8 T(°C) + 32                           (1) </em></p> <p><em> T(°C) = (T(°F) - 32)/1.8                         (2) </em></p> <p><em> where </em></p> <p><em> T(°C)= temperature (°C ) </em></p> <p><em> T(°F)= temperature (°F) </em></p> </blockquote> <p class="center"><a href="https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/docs/documents/291/celcius_versus_fahrenheit.pdf" title="Celcius to Fahrenheit Chart"> <img alt="Temperature - Celsius versus Fahrenheit diagram" height="1056" src="https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/docs/documents/291/celcius-fahrenheit-diagram.png" title="Temperature - Celsius versus Fahrenheit diagram" width="567" > </a></p> <div id="adInContent2" class="noPrint"> <div>  <div id="adngin-incontent2-0"></div> </div> </div> <h3>Celsius vs. Fahrenheit</h3> <div class="center"> <table class="x-small"><caption>Celsius vs. Fahrenheit</caption> <thead> <tr><th colspan="2">Temperature</th></tr> <tr><th><em> <sup>o</sup>C </em></th><th><em> <sup>o</sup>F </em></th></tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 50%;">-20</td> <td style="width: 50%;">-4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>-15</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>-10</td> <td>14</td> </tr> <tr> <td>-5</td> <td>23</td> </tr> <tr> <td>0</td> <td>32</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5</td> <td>41</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10</td> <td>50</td> </tr> <tr> <td>15</td> <td>59</td> </tr> <tr> <td>20</td> <td>68</td> </tr> <tr> <td>25</td> <td>77</td> </tr> <tr> <td>30</td> <td>86</td> </tr> <tr> <td>35</td> <td>95</td> </tr> <tr> <td>40</td> <td>104</td> </tr> <tr> <td>45</td> <td>113</td> </tr> <tr> <td>50</td> <td>122</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p><b> Example </b> : A patient with SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) has a temperature of 106 °F. What is the temperature in Celsius?</p> <blockquote> <p><i> T(°C) = (106 °F - 32)/1.8   = <span style="text-decoration: underline;"> 41.1 </span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;"> <i> ° </i> C </span> </i></p> </blockquote> <h3>Temperature Conversion Table - <sup>o</sup>C vs °F</h3> <p class="center"><a href="https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/docs/documents/291/temperature_conversion_chart.pdf" title="temperature conversion table chart"> <img alt="Temperature - Celsius vs Fahrenheit conversion table" height="259" src="https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/docs/documents/291/temperature_conversion_chart.png" title="Temperature - Celsius vs Fahrenheit conversion table" width="200" > </a></p> <h3>Temperature Difference - or Temperature Change - degree Celsius versus degree Fahrenheit</h3> <p>Note that for <span style="text-decoration: underline;"> temperature difference </span> (change) - as used in <a href="copper-pipe-heat-loss-d_19.html" title="Copper pipe - heat loss diagram "> heat loss diagrams </a></p> <ul> <li><em> 1 degree Celsius of <span style="text-decoration: underline;"> temperature difference </span> <strong> equals </strong> 1.8 degree Fahrenheit of <span style="text-decoration: underline;"> temperature difference </span> </em></li> </ul> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><em> ΔT(°C) = ΔT(°F) / 1.8 (3) <br > </em></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><em> ΔT(°F) = 1.8 ΔT(°C) (4) <br > </em></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><em> where </em></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><em> ΔT(°F) = temperature difference (°F) </em></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><em> ΔT(°C) = temperature difference (°C) <br > <br > </em></p> <p><strong> Example </strong> <em> : </em> Water is cooled from 100°C to 60°C. What is the temperature difference in °F?</p> <p>Temperature difference in degrees Celsius:</p> <p><i> ΔT(°C) = 100 °C < - 60 °C = 40 C ° </i></p> <p>Note that °C is used for actual temperatures (temperature relative to 273.15 K) and C° is used for temperature differences.</p> <p>Temperature difference in degrees Fahrenheit calculated by using <em> (1) </em></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><i> 100 °C = 1.8 (100 °C ) + 32 = 212 °F </i></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><i> 60 °C = 1.8 (60 °C ) + 32 = 140 °F </i></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><i> ΔT (°F) = 212°F - 140 °F = <span style="text-decoration: underline;"> 72 °F </span> <br > </i></p> <p>Temperature difference in degrees Fahrenheit calculated by using <em> (3) </em></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><i> ΔT (°F) = 1.8 (40 C ° ) = <span style="text-decoration: underline;"> 72 </span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;"> °F </span> </i></p> <h4>Temperature Difference Converter</h4> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><label> <input id="temperature_value_difference" size="5" type="number" value="0" > <i> Temperature Difference </i> </label></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><label> <input checked="checked" name="temperature_unit_difference" type="radio" value="degC" > <i> C° </i> </label></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><label> <input name="temperature_unit_difference" type="radio" value="degF" > <i> °F </i> </label></p> <p style="padding-left: 30px;"><input id="temperature_calculate_difference" type="button" value="Convert!" ></p> <p id="result1" style="padding-left: 30px;"></p> <h3>Kelvin - K</h3> <p>Another scale (common in science) is Kelvin, or the <b> Absolute Temperature Scale </b> . On the Kelvin scale the coldest temperature possible, <i> -273 °C </i>, has a value of <i> 0 Kelvin </i> ( <i> 0 K </i> ) and is called <b> the absolute zero. </b> Units on the Kelvin scale are called Kelvins ( <i> K </i> ) and no degree symbol is used. <br > Because there are no lower temperatures than <i> 0 K </i> - the Kelvin scale does not have negative numbers.</p> <p>The Kelvin has the same incremental scale as the Celsius scale and one unit Kelvin is equal in size to one unit Celsius:</p> <blockquote> <p><em> 1 unit Kelvin  = 1 unit °C </em></p> <p><em> ΔT(°K) = ΔT(°C)                                (5) </em></p> </blockquote> <p>To calculate a Kelvin temperature, add 273 to the Celsius temperature:</p> <blockquote> <p><em> T(K) = T(°C) + 273.15                        (6) </em></p> </blockquote> <p><b> Example: </b> What is the normal body temperature of <i> 37 <sup>o</sup>C </i> in the Kelvin scale?</p> <blockquote> <p><i> T(K) = T( °C) + 273.15 = 37 °C + 273.15 = <span style="text-decoration: underline;"> 310.15 </span> <span style="text-decoration: underline;"> K <br > <br > </span> </i></p> </blockquote> <h3>Degree Rankine - R</h3> <p>In the English system the absolute temperature is in degrees Rankine <b> (R) </b>, not in Fahrenheit:</p> <blockquote> <p><em> T(°R) = 1.8*T(K)                                 (7) </em></p> <p><em> T(°R) = 1.8*(T(°C)+273.15) </em></p> <p><em> T(°R) = T(°F) + 459.67                      (8) </em></p> <p><em> ΔT(°R) = ΔT(°F)                                (9) </em></p> </blockquote> <h3>Celcius to Fahrenheit Converter (and vice versa)</h3> <p><a href="https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/docs/documents/291/celsius_fahrenheit.pdf" target="_blank" title="Celsius to Fahrenheit converter"> <img alt="Celsius to Fahrenheit converter" height="900" src="https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/docs/documents/291/celsius_fahrenheit.png" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" title="Celsius to Fahrenheit converter" width="600" > </a></p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/docs/documents/291/celsius_fahrenheit.pdf" target="_blank" title="Celsius to Fahrenheit converter"> Download and print Celsius to Fahrenheit Converter! </a></p> </div> <div id="adSlotDoc2" class="noPrint"> <div>  <div id="adngin-doc2-0"></div> </div> </div> <h2> Related Topics </h2> <ul> <li> <h3> <a href="si-units-engineering-t_19.html" title="SI imperial unit converter uscs properties pressure measurement gages"> Basics </a> </h3> Basic engineering data. 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href="temperature-d_291.html"> Temperature </a> </label> <input type="number" id="temperature_value2" value="0.0" > <input type="radio" name="temperature_unit2" value="degC" id="temperature_unit2_degC" checked="checked" > <label for="temperature_unit2_degC"> <i><sup>o</sup>C</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="temperature_unit2" id="temperature_unit2_degK" value="degK" > <label for="temperature_unit2_degK"> <i>K</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="temperature_unit2" id="temperature_unit2_degF" value="degF" > <label for="temperature_unit2_degF"> <i><sup>o</sup>F</i> </label> <br > <input type="button" id="temperature_calculate2" value="Convert!" > <div id="resultMenuTemperature"> </div> </blockquote> <br > <blockquote> <label for="length_value2"> <a href="length-units-converter-d_1033.html"> Length </a> </label> <input type="number" id="length_value2" value="1.0" > <input type="radio" name="length_unit2" id="length_unit2_meters" value="meters" checked="checked" > <label for="length_unit2_meters"> <i>m</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="length_unit2" id="length_unit2_kilometers" value="kilometers" > <label for="length_unit2_kilometers"> <i>km</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="length_unit2" id="length_unit2_inches" value="inches" > <label for="length_unit2_inches"> <i>in</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="length_unit2" id="length_unit2_feet" value="feet" > <label for="length_unit2_feet"> <i>ft</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="length_unit2" id="length_unit2_yards" value="yards" > <label for="length_unit2_yards"> <i>yards</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="length_unit2" id="length_unit2_miles" value="miles" > <label for="length_unit2_miles"> <i>miles</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="length_unit2" id="length_unit2_nautical_miles" value="nautical_miles" > <label for="length_unit2_nautical_miles"> <i>naut miles</i> </label> <br > <input type="button" id="length_calculate2" value="Convert!" > <div id="resultMenuLength"> </div> </blockquote> <br > <blockquote> <label for="area_value2"> <a href="area-units-converter-d_2007.html"> Area </a> </label> <input type="number" id="area_value2" value="1.0" > <input type="radio" name="area_unit2" id="area_unit2_square_meters" value="sq.meters" checked="checked" > <label for="area_unit2_square_meters"> <i>m<sup>2</sup></i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="area_unit2" id="area_unit2_square_kilometers" value="sq.kilometers" > <label for="area_unit2_square_kilometers"> <i>km<sup>2</sup></i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="area_unit2" id="area_unit2_square_inches" value="sq.inches" > <label for="area_unit2_square_inches"> <i>in<sup>2</sup></i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="area_unit2" id="area_unit2_square_feet" value="sq.feet" > <label for="area_unit2_square_feet"> <i>ft<sup>2</sup></i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="area_unit2" id="area_unit2_square_miles" value="sq.miles" > <label for="area_unit2_square_miles"> <i>miles<sup>2</sup></i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="area_unit2" id="area_unit2_acres" value="acres" > <label for="area_unit2_acres"> <i>acres</i> </label> <br > <input type="button" id="area_calculate2" value="Convert!" > <div id="resultMenuArea"> </div> </blockquote> <br > <blockquote> <label for="volume_value2"> <a href="volume-units-converter-d_1034.html"> Volume </a> </label> <input type="number" id="volume_value2" value="1.0" > <input type="radio" name="volume_unit2" id="volume_unit2_cubic_meters" value="cubic_meters" checked="checked" > <label for="volume_unit2_cubic_meters"> <i>m<sup>3</sup></i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="volume_unit2" id="volume_unit2_liters" value="liters" > <label for="volume_unit2_liters"> <i>liters</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="volume_unit2" id="volume_unit2_cubic_inches" value="cubic_inches" > <label for="volume_unit2_cubic_inches"> <i>in<sup>3</sup></i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="volume_unit2" id="volume_unit2_cubic_feet" value="cubic_feet" > <label for="volume_unit2_cubic_feet"> <i>ft<sup>3</sup></i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="volume_unit2" id="volume_unit2_us_liquid_gallons" value="us_liquid_gallons" > <label for="volume_unit2_us_liquid_gallons"> <i>us gal</i> </label> <br > <input type="button" id="volume_calculate2" value="Convert!" > <div id="resultMenuVolume"> </div> </blockquote> <br > <blockquote> <label for="weight_value2"> <a href="mass-weight-d_589.html"> Weight </a> </label> <input type="number" id="weight_value2" value="1.0" > <input type="radio" name="weight_unit2" id="weight_unit2_kgf" value="kgf" checked="checked" > <label for="weight_unit2_kgf"> <i>kg<sub>f</sub></i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="weight_unit2" id="weight_unit2_N" value="N" > <label for="weight_unit2_N"> <i>N</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="weight_unit2" id="weight_unit2_lbf" value="lbf" > <label for="weight_unit2_lbf"> <i>lbf</i> </label> <br > <input type="button" id="weight_calculate2" value="Convert!" > <div id="resultMenuWeight"> </div> </blockquote> <br > <blockquote> <label for="velocity_value2"> <a href="velocity-units-converter-d_1035.html"> Velocity </a> </label> <input type="number" id="velocity_value2" value="1.0" > <input type="radio" name="velocity_unit2" id="velocity_unit2_m_per_s" value="m_per_s" checked="checked" > <label for="velocity_unit2_m_per_s"> <i>m/s</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="velocity_unit2" id="velocity_unit2_km_per_h" value="km_per_h" > <label for="velocity_unit2_km_per_h"> <i>km/h</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="velocity_unit2" id="velocity_unit2_ft_per_min" value="ft_per_min" > <label for="velocity_unit2_ft_per_min"> <i>ft/min</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="velocity_unit2" id="velocity_unit2_ft_per_s" value="ft_per_s" > <label for="velocity_unit2_ft_per_s"> <i>ft/s</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="velocity_unit2" id="velocity_unit2_mph" value="mph" > <label for="velocity_unit2_mph"> <i>mph</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="velocity_unit2" id="velocity_unit2_knots" value="knots" > <label for="velocity_unit2_knots"> <i>knots</i> </label> <br > <input type="button" id="velocity_calculate2" value="Convert!" > <div id="resultMenuVelocity"> </div> </blockquote> <br > <blockquote> <label for="pressure_value2"> <a href="pressure-units-converter-d_569.html"> Pressure </a> </label> <input type="number" id="pressure_value2" value="1.0" > <input type="radio" name="pressure_unit2" id="pressure_unit2_Pa" value="Pa" checked="checked" > <label for="pressure_unit2_Pa"> <i>Pa</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="pressure_unit2" id="pressure_unit2_bar" value="bar" > <label for="pressure_unit2_bar"> <i>bar</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="pressure_unit2" id="pressure_unit2_atmosphere" value="atmosphere" > <label for="pressure_unit2_atmosphere"> <i>atmosphere</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="pressure_unit2" id="pressure_unit2_mmH2O" value="mmH2O" > <label for="pressure_unit2_mmH2O"> <i>mm H<sub>2</sub>O</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="pressure_unit2" id="pressure_unit2_kg_per_cm2" value="kg_per_cm2" > <label for="pressure_unit2_kg_per_cm2"> <i>kg/cm<sup>2</sup></i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="pressure_unit2" id="pressure_unit2_psi" value="psi" > <label for="pressure_unit2_psi"> <i>psi</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="pressure_unit2" id="pressure_unit2_inH2O" value="inH2O" > <label for="pressure_unit2_inH2O"> <i>inches H<sub>2</sub>O</i> </label> <br > <input type="button" id="pressure_calculate2" value="Convert!" > <div id="resultMenuPressure"> </div> </blockquote> <br > <blockquote> <label for="flow_value2"> <a href="flow-units-converter-d_405.html"> Flow </a> </label> <input type="number" id="flow_value2" value="1.0" > <input type="radio" name="flow_unit2" id="flow_unit2_cubic_meters_per_second" value="cubic_meters_per_second" checked="checked" > <label for="flow_unit2_cubic_meters_per_second"> <i>m<sup>3</sup>/s</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="flow_unit2" id="flow_unit2_cubic_meters_per_hour" value="cubic_meters_per_hour" > <label for="flow_unit2_cubic_meters_per_hour"> <i>m<sup>3</sup>/h</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="flow_unit2" id="flow_unit2_us_gallons_per_minute" value="us_gallons_per_minute" > <label for="flow_unit2_us_gallons_per_minute"> <i>US gpm</i> </label> <br > <input type="radio" name="flow_unit2" id="flow_unit2_cubic_feet_per_minute" value="cubic_feet_per_minute" > <label for="flow_unit2_cubic_feet_per_minute"> <i>cfm</i> </label> <br > <input type="button" id="flow_calculate2" value="Convert!" > <div id="resultMenuFlow"> </div> </blockquote> </div> <p id="tstamp"> 11.25.10 </p> <div id="adSlotStickyLeft" class="noPrint"> <div>  <div id="adngin-left1-0"></div> </div> </div> <a href="/amp/temperature-d_291.html" title="amp page"> . 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