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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-研究歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#研究歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>研究歷史</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-研究歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-部件分類" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#部件分類"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>部件分類</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-部件分類-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关部件分類子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-部件分類-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-依筆畫數" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#依筆畫數"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>依筆畫數</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-依筆畫數-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-獨立成字與否" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#獨立成字與否"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>獨立成字與否</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-獨立成字與否-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-依構字級次" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#依構字級次"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>依構字級次</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-依構字級次-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-結構關係" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#結構關係"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>結構關係</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-結構關係-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关結構關係子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-結構關係-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-單獨" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#單獨"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>單獨</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-單獨-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-對分" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#對分"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>對分</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-對分-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-包圍" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#包圍"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>包圍</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-包圍-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-重疊" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#重疊"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>重疊</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-重疊-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-複合" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#複合"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>複合</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-複合-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註譯" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註譯"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>註譯</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註譯-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參考</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15911848" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><p><b>漢字部件</b>，又名<b>漢字構件</b>，是<a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="漢字">漢字</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2" title="字形">字形</a>結構的基本單元，具有組配漢字的功能。<sup id="cite_ref-hkbu_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hkbu-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>其由<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%86%E7%95%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="筆畫">筆畫</a>構成，介於筆畫與<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E9%A6%96" title="部首">部首</a>二者之間。<sup id="cite_ref-coolch_a_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coolch_a-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>其研究雖然古代已有人進行，但在手寫時代並未受到重視。一直要到現代<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%A7%91%E6%8A%80" class="mw-redirect" title="資訊科技">資訊科技</a>發展，漢字找不到適當基本單元進行<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="數位化">數位化</a>，開放字集的漢字被迫以英文字母的層級（封閉字集）進行數位化，致使缺字問題重重，尤其是古籍數位化有數萬缺字，累次進行曠日費時的審核，還是緩不濟急。因此解構漢字的研究才開始受到重視。 </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral,#EFEFEF);text-align:center;font-size:small;color: inherit;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-top-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="漢字"><img alt="漢字" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Chinese_characters_logo.svg/260px-Chinese_characters_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Chinese_characters_logo.svg/390px-Chinese_characters_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Chinese_characters_logo.svg/520px-Chinese_characters_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="177" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="width:260px"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93%E9%A3%8E%E6%A0%BC" title="汉字字体风格">汉字字体风格</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B6%E6%96%87" title="陶文">陶文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E9%AA%A8%E6%96%87" title="甲骨文">甲骨文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E6%96%87" title="金文">金文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87_(%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97)" title="古文 (文字)">古文</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87_(%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97)" title="古文 (文字)">蝌蚪文</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E9%BC%93%E6%96%87" title="石鼓文">石鼓文</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%80%E6%96%87" title="籀文">籀文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E8%9F%B2%E6%9B%B8" title="鳥蟲書">鳥蟲書</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AF%86%E4%B9%A6" title="篆书">篆书</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%AF%86" title="大篆">大篆</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E7%AF%86" title="小篆">小篆</a>）<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%B6%E4%B9%A6" title="隶书">隶书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B7%E4%B9%A6" title="楷书">楷书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%8C%E4%B9%A6" title="行书">行书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%89%E4%B9%A6" title="草书">草书</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%A9%E5%AD%97" title="崩字">崩字</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%86%E4%B9%A6" title="漆书">漆书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%B9%A6%E6%B3%95" title="中国书法">书法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9B%E7%99%BD%E6%9B%B8" title="飛白書">飛白書</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background:#BCBCBC;"> <ul><li>印刷字体风格 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%95%E7%89%88%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" title="雕版印刷">雕版</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%BB%E5%AD%97%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="活字印刷">活字</a></li></ul></li></ul></div> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%BF%E5%AE%8B%E9%AB%94" title="仿宋體">仿宋體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E4%BD%93" title="宋体">宋体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%91%E4%BD%93_(%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93)" title="黑体 (字体)">黑体</a></li></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="width:260px"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2" title="字形">字形</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%94%E7%94%BB" title="笔画">笔画</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%86%E9%A0%86" title="筆順">筆順</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%8F%E6%97%81" title="偏旁">偏旁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%9B%B8" title="六書">六書</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E9%A6%96" title="部首">部首</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="汉字结构">汉字结构</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E9%AB%94" title="合體">合體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E9%AB%94" title="獨體">獨體</a>）</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">部件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%97%E5%AD%97" title="俗字">俗字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%82%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%97" title="异体字">异体字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E9%9F%B3%E5%AD%97" title="多音字">多音字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E5%81%87%E5%AD%97" title="通假字">通假字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E5%80%9F%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="假借字">假借字</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%B8%E8%AE%8A" title="隸變">隸變</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%B6%E5%AE%9A" title="隶定">隶定</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E4%BB%8A%E5%AD%97" title="古今字">古今字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E5%83%BB%E5%AD%97" title="生僻字">生僻字</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background:var(--background-color-disabled,#BCBCBC);color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E5%90%8C%E6%BA%90%E8%A9%9E" title="漢字同源詞">同源字</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B3%E6%96%87%E8%AA%AA" title="右文說">右文說</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%82%E4%B9%89%E8%AF%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="同形异义词">同形异义词</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background:var(--background-color-disabled,#BCBCBC);color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83" title="汉字规范">汉字规范和标准</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AC%E5%AD%97" title="本字">本字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E7%BB%8F" title="石经">石经</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2" title="舊字形">舊字形</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2" title="新字形">新字形</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E8%A1%A8" title="通用规范汉字表">通用规范汉字表</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AD%97%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E5%AD%97%E9%AB%94" title="國字標準字體">國字標準字體</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%AD%97%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2%E8%A1%A8" title="常用字字形表">常用字字形表</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="width:260px"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%9C%88" title="漢字文化圈">漢字文化</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="规范汉字">陸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%AD%97%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2%E8%A1%A8" title="常用字字形表">港</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E5%AD%97%E5%AD%97%E5%BD%A2%E8%A1%A8" title="常用字字形表">澳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="臺灣漢字">台</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8A%A0%E5%9D%A1%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="新加坡漢字">新</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="日本汉字">日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="朝鮮漢字">朝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%84%92%E5%AD%97" title="儒字">越</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="琉球漢字">琉</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background:var(--background-color-disabled,#BCBCBC);color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%97" title="方言字">方言字</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%B5%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97" title="粵語字">粵語字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E8%AA%9E%E5%AD%97" title="閩語字">閩語字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%AF%AD%E5%AD%97" title="吴语字">吴语字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%B7%9D%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%97" title="四川方言字">四川方言字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E4%BA%AC%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80%E5%AD%97" title="南京方言字">南京方言字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E5%80%9F%E9%9F%B3" title="閩南語漢字借音">閩南語借音漢字</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="客家話正音正字" data-lang-code="hak" data-lang-name="客家话" data-foreign-title="客家話正音正字"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1%E6%AD%A3%E9%9F%B3%E6%AD%A3%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="客家話正音正字（页面不存在）">客家話正音正字</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">客家话</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%A9%B1%E6%AD%A3%E9%9F%B3%E6%AD%A3%E5%AD%97" class="extiw" title="hak:客家話正音正字"><span lang="hak" dir="auto">客家話正音正字</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%AE%A2%E5%AE%B6%E8%AA%9E%E6%9B%B8%E5%AF%AB%E6%8E%A8%E8%96%A6%E7%94%A8%E5%AD%97" title="臺灣客家語書寫推薦用字">臺灣客家語書寫推薦用字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E9%96%A9%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="台閩漢字">台閩漢字</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%8F%B0%E8%AA%9E%E6%8E%A8%E8%96%A6%E7%94%A8%E5%AD%97" title="臺灣台語推薦用字">字</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E9%96%A9%E5%8D%97%E8%AA%9E%E7%94%A8%E8%A9%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="台灣閩南語用詞（页面不存在）">詞</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background-color: var(--background-color-disabled,#BCBCBC);color: inherit;"> <ul><li>中文<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E7%AE%80%E5%8C%96" title="汉字简化">汉字简化</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E7%B0%A1%E5%8C%96%E7%88%AD%E8%AB%96" title="漢字簡化爭論">爭論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%81%E7%B0%A1%E8%BD%89%E6%8F%9B" title="繁簡轉換">繁简转换</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B9%81%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%97" title="繁体字">繁体字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%97" title="简化字">简化字</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E7%AE%80%E5%8C%96%E6%96%B9%E6%A1%88" title="汉字简化方案">汉字简化方案</a>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E7%AE%80%E5%AD%97" title="二简字">二简字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%80%E4%BD%93%E5%AD%97" title="简体字">简笔字</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background-color: var(--background-color-disabled,#BCBCBC);color: inherit;">日本<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E8%AF%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AD%97%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="国语国字问题">国语国字问题</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E5%AD%97%E9%AB%94" title="舊字體">舊字體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%AD%97%E4%BD%93" title="新字体">新字体</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%93%B4%E5%BC%B5%E6%96%B0%E5%AD%97%E9%AB%94" title="擴張新字體">擴張新字體</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%B6%E7%94%A8%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="當用漢字">當用漢字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%B8%E7%94%A8%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="常用漢字">常用漢字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E9%9F%B3%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E4%B9%A6%E5%86%99%E8%A7%84%E5%88%99" title="同音汉字书写规则">同音汉字书写规则</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="日本汉字">日本汉字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%AD%A6%E8%81%94%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="全学联汉字">全学联汉字</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background-color: var(--background-color-disabled,#BCBCBC);color: inherit;">韩国国语国字问题</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AD%97" title="韩国国字">韩国国字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="朝鮮漢字">朝鮮漢字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E6%96%87%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E7%94%A8%E5%9F%BA%E7%A4%8E%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" title="漢文教育用基礎漢字">漢文教育用基礎漢字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8F%E8%AE%80" title="吏讀">吏讀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%89%E6%9C%AD" title="鄉札">鄉札</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E8%A8%A3_(%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E)" title="口訣 (朝鮮語)">口訣</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="width:260px"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">衍生文字</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background:var(--background-color-disabled,#BCBCBC);color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%9E%E9%9F%B3%E8%BD%89%E9%8C%84" title="語音轉錄">语音转录</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A8%E9%9F%B3%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="注音符号">注音符号</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%98%E8%AF%9D%E5%90%88%E5%A3%B0%E5%AD%97%E6%AF%8D" title="官话合声字母">官话合声字母</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%8E%A8%E6%88%90%E5%AD%97%E6%B3%95" title="三推成字法">三推成字法</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%93%AF%E6%96%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="瓯文（页面不存在）">瓯文</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background:var(--background-color-disabled,#BCBCBC);color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E5%AD%97" title="合字">合字</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E6%96%87" title="合文">合文</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%B3%E7%A7%98%E5%AD%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="讳秘字（页面不存在）">讳秘字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%99%E5%A4%A9%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="则天文字">则天文字</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background:var(--background-color-disabled,#BCBCBC);color: inherit;">民族文字</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E4%B9%A6" title="女书">女书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%82%88%E5%83%B3%E7%AB%B9%E4%B9%A6" title="傈僳竹书">傈僳竹书</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E5%9D%97%E4%BE%97%E5%AD%97" title="方块侗字">方块侗字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B9%E5%9D%97%E5%A3%AE%E5%AD%97" title="方块壮字">方块壮字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E4%BE%9D%E6%97%8F%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="布依族古文字">方块布依字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%83%B0%E6%96%87" title="僰文">僰文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A1%E4%BD%AC%E5%AD%97" title="仡佬字">仡佬字</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background:var(--background-color-disabled,#BCBCBC);color: inherit;">历史文字</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E6%96%87" title="契丹文">契丹文</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%97" title="契丹大字">大字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%91%E4%B8%B9%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%97" title="契丹小字">小字</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F%E6%96%87" title="女真文">女真文</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%97" title="女真大字">大字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E7%9C%9F%E6%96%87" title="女真文">小字</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%8F%E6%96%87" title="西夏文">西夏文</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background:var(--background-color-disabled,#BCBCBC);color: inherit;">域外文字</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D_(%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97)" title="假名 (文字)">假名</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%AC%E8%91%89%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" title="萬葉假名">萬葉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%B3%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" title="平假名">平</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%87%E5%81%87%E5%90%8D" title="片假名">片</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E6%96%87" title="琉球文">琉球国字头</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A3%E8%A8%A3_(%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E8%AA%9E)" title="口訣 (朝鮮語)">口訣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8F%E8%AE%80" title="吏讀">吏讀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%89%E6%9C%AD" title="鄉札">鄉札</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AD%97" title="韩国国字">韩国国字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%83%E5%AD%97" title="喃字">喃字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B2%B1%E5%96%83%E5%AD%97" title="岱喃字">岱喃字</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="width:260px"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">字音</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%80" title="音讀">音讀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%9D%E9%AE%AE%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%9F%B3" title="朝鮮漢字音">朝鮮漢字音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%89%E7%90%83%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97%E9%9F%B3" title="琉球汉字音">琉球汉字音</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background-color: var(--background-color-disabled,#BCBCBC);color: inherit;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%B6%8A%E8%AF%8D" title="汉越词">汉越词</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%BC%A2%E8%B6%8A%E8%AA%9E" title="古漢越語">古漢越語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%83%E9%9F%B3" title="喃音">喃音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E8%B6%8A%E9%9F%B3" title="漢越音">漢越音</a></li></ul> <div style="font-size:90%;line-height:140%;background-color: var(--background-color-disabled,#BCBCBC);color: inherit;">日本漢字音</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%9F%B3_(%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%9F%B3)" title="古音 (日本漢字音)">古音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E9%9F%B3" title="吳音">吳音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E9%9F%B3" title="漢音">漢音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E6%BC%A2%E9%9F%B3" title="新漢音">新漢音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E9%9F%B3" title="宋音">宋音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E9%9F%B3" title="唐音">唐音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%85%A3%E7%94%A8%E9%9F%B3" title="慣用音">慣用音</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%9F%B3%E7%9A%84%E8%81%B2%E8%AA%BF" title="日本漢字音的聲調">聲調</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%AE%80#日語音讀" title="音讀">音讀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%93%E8%AE%80#日语中的訓讀" title="訓讀">訓讀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E7%AE%B1%E8%AE%80%E6%B3%95" title="重箱讀法">重箱讀法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%AF%E6%A1%B6%E8%AE%80%E6%B3%95" title="湯桶讀法">湯桶讀法</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="width:260px"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="信息技术">信息技术</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%97%A5%E9%9F%93%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E8%A1%A8%E6%84%8F%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97" title="中日韓統一表意文字">統一碼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF" title="中文输入技术">中文输入技术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E8%BE%93%E5%85%A5%E6%B3%95" title="中文输入法">中文输入法</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="width:260px"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">其他</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E8%A9%9E" title="漢字詞">漢字詞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AF%E5%88%A5%E5%AD%97" title="錯別字">錯別字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8F%90%E7%AC%94%E5%BF%98%E5%AD%97" title="提笔忘字">提笔忘字</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A2%E9%99%A4%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E8%AB%96" title="廢除漢字論">廢除漢字論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E5%BE%A9%E6%B4%BB" title="漢字復活">漢字復活</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%97%E8%AC%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="字謎">字謎</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="font-weight:normal"> <span style="color:var(--color-error,#FF0000);">注意</span>：本條目可能有部分字元無法顯示，若遇此情況請參閱<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unicode%E6%93%B4%E5%B1%95%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Unicode擴展漢字">Wikipedia:Unicode擴展漢字</a>。</td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="Template:汉字"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="Template talk:汉字"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%B1%89%E5%AD%97" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:汉字"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="研究歷史"><span id=".E7.A0.94.E7.A9.B6.E6.AD.B7.E5.8F.B2"></span>研究歷史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：研究歷史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>字典部首研究 </p> <ul><li>東漢（約121年）《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AA%AA%E6%96%87%E8%A7%A3%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="說文解字">說文解字</a>》，<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%B1%E6%85%8E" title="許慎">許慎</a>。計540部首。</li> <li>南梁（約543年）《<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%89%E7%AF%87" title="玉篇">玉篇</a>》，顧野王。計542部首。</li> <li>遼代（約997年）《<a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%8D%E9%BE%95%E6%89%8B%E9%8F%A1" title="龍龕手鏡">龍龕手鏡</a>》，釋行均。計242部首。</li> <li>清代（約1716年）《<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%86%99%E5%AD%97%E5%85%B8" title="康熙字典">康熙字典</a>》，張玉書、陳廷敬。計<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E7%86%99%E9%83%A8%E9%A6%96" title="康熙部首">214部首</a>。</li> <li>1994年《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E5%AD%97%E6%B5%B7" title="中华字海">中华字海</a>》，冷玉龙、韦一心。計210部首。</li> <li>2014年《汉字海》，蓝德康、松岡榮志。計266部首。</li></ul> <p>漢字部件研究 </p> <ul><li>南宋（約1161年）《六書略》《七音略》，<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E6%A8%B5" title="鄭樵">鄭樵</a>。分870聲母、330形母，計1200部件。</li> <li>1982《中文字根孳乳表稿》，周何。分869聲母、265形母，計1134部件。（依據<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E4%BA%A4%E6%8F%9B%E7%A2%BC" title="中文資訊交換碼">中文資訊交換碼</a>第二集的22394字的字集整理）</li> <li>1996《现代汉字部件探究》，费锦昌。計384部件。</li> <li>1997《信息处理用<a href="/wiki/GB13000" class="mw-redirect" title="GB13000">GB13000</a>.1字符集汉字部件规范》，中国国家语委。分393組，計560部件。</li> <li>2003《基础教学用现代汉语常用字部件规范》，中国国家语委。分461組，計540部件。</li> <li>2009《现代常用部件及部件名称规范》，中国国家语委。分441組，計514部件。</li></ul> <p>漢字網站部件 </p> <ul><li>1998年：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cns11643.gov.tw/">全字庫</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20221112180717/https://www.cns11643.gov.tw/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）。計517部件。</li> <li>2006年：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yedict.com/">字海網</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220915145329/http://www.yedict.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）。計242部件。</li> <li>2012年：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/">小學堂</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20211231142529/https://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）。正體字計441部件、簡化字計367部件。</li> <li>2017年：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kaom.net/font_display_bujian.php">古音小鏡</a>。計5355部件。</li> <li>2018年：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fgwang.blogspot.com/">WFG部件檢索</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220927232511/https://fgwang.blogspot.com/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）。分22組，計676部件。</li> <li>2020年：<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jigen.net/">字源</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20221101134056/https://jigen.net/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）。計958部件。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="部件分類"><span id=".E9.83.A8.E4.BB.B6.E5.88.86.E9.A1.9E"></span>部件分類</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：部件分類"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="依筆畫數"><span id=".E4.BE.9D.E7.AD.86.E7.95.AB.E6.95.B8"></span>依筆畫數</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：依筆畫數"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>單筆部件：該部件只由單一筆畫構成。如「一」、「乙」等。</li> <li>複筆部件：該部件由兩個及以上筆畫構成。如「人」、「木」等。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="獨立成字與否"><span id=".E7.8D.A8.E7.AB.8B.E6.88.90.E5.AD.97.E8.88.87.E5.90.A6"></span>獨立成字與否</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：獨立成字與否"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>成字部件：可獨立成字（<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E9%AB%94%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="獨體字">獨體字</a>）的部件。如「鯉」中的「魚」等。<sup id="cite_ref-hkbu_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hkbu-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>非成字部件：一般情況下不稱之為字的部件。其常和其他部件構成<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E9%AB%94%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="合體字">合體字</a>。如「同」中的「冂」等。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="依構字級次"><span id=".E4.BE.9D.E6.A7.8B.E5.AD.97.E7.B4.9A.E6.AC.A1"></span>依構字級次</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：依構字級次"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>當將一個字拆成不同部件時，會依層次將其拆分為各級部件。<sup id="cite_ref-coolch_a_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coolch_a-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>如「恕」字，上下拆分，得到「恕」字一級部件「如、心」；針對一級部件「如」字左右拆分，得到「恕」字二級部件「女、口」。 </p><p>基礎部件（又稱單純部件或末級部件）是指不能拆分的部件，如上例中「女、口、心」；合成部件（又稱複合部件）則可再拆分，如上例中「如」。 </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="結構關係"><span id=".E7.B5.90.E6.A7.8B.E9.97.9C.E4.BF.82"></span>結構關係</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：結構關係"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>漢字存在一或多個部件，部件間的組合構成了結構關係。<sup id="cite_ref-coolch_e_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-coolch_e-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 漢字字形結構可分為四大類：單獨、對分、包圍、夾擊。而以上四大類可再細分為十小類，附帶複合結構則共存在十一類。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="單獨"><span id=".E5.96.AE.E7.8D.A8"></span>單獨</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：單獨"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>單獨存在：只存在一個部件，即成為<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E9%AB%94%E5%AD%97" class="mw-redirect" title="獨體字">獨體字</a>。如「目」、「方」、「臼」等。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="對分"><span id=".E5.B0.8D.E5.88.86"></span>對分</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：對分"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>左右對分：左右兩個部件排列。如「快」、「橫」、「敏」等。IDS：⿰ （U+2FF0）</li></ul> <ul><li>上下對分：上下兩個部件排列。如「集」、「思」、「昆」等。IDS：⿱ （U+2FF1）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="包圍"><span id=".E5.8C.85.E5.9C.8D"></span>包圍</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：包圍"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>四面包圍：一個部件充分包圍另一部件。如「回」、「團」、「困」等。IDS：⿴ （U+2FF4）</li></ul> <ul><li>上左右三面包圍：一個部件從上、左、右三方向包覆另一部件。如「鳳」、「風」、「問」等。IDS：⿵ （U+2FF5）</li> <li>下左右三面包圍：一個部件從下、左、右三方向包覆另一部件。如「凶」、「函」、「鼎」等。IDS：⿶ （U+2FF6）</li> <li>上左下三面包圍：一個部件從上、左、下三方向包覆另一部件。如「匣」、「匡」、「匠」等。IDS：⿷ （U+2FF7）</li> <li>上左兩面包圍：一個部件從左上向右下包覆另一部件。如「疾」、「反」、「虎」等。IDS：⿸ （U+2FF8）</li> <li>上右兩面包圍：一個部件從右上向左下包覆另一部件。如「勾」、「氧」、「或」等。IDS：⿹ （U+2FF9）</li> <li>左下兩面包圍：一個部件從左下向右上包覆另一部件。如「過」、「超」、「翅」等。IDS：⿺ （U+2FFA）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="重疊"><span id=".E9.87.8D.E7.96.8A"></span>重疊</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：重疊"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>單部件重疊：一個部件居中，其他一個部件重疊。如「玉」、「犬」、「氷」等。IDS：⿻ （U+2FFB）</li></ul> <ul><li>二部件重疊：一個部件居中，其他二個部件重疊。如「夾」、「坐」、「乘」、「乖」、「巫」、「幽」等。IDS：⿻ （U+2FFB）</li></ul> <ul><li>四部件重疊：一個部件居中，其他四個部件重疊。如「爽」、「噩」等。IDS：⿻ （U+2FFB）</li></ul> <p>IDS 未細分重疊結構，一律以 ⿻ 表示。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="複合"><span id=".E8.A4.87.E5.90.88"></span>複合</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：複合"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>左右三層複合：可視為兩次部件左右關係複合。如「傾」、「樹」、「測」等。IDS：⿲ （U+2FF2）</li></ul> <ul><li>上下三層複合：可視為兩次部件上下關係複合。如「三」、「京」、「帶」等。IDS：⿳ （U+2FF3）</li></ul> <ul><li>多層結構複合：可視為多個部件多層關係複合。如「幫」、「駿」、「贏」等。</li></ul> <p>複合字大部分都可拆成多重層的簡單結構。如「漸」字可拆成「氵、斬」兩個部件，作為左右結構的字來看待。（IDS 表示可為三種其中一種：⿲氵車斤 / ⿰氵斬 / ⿰氵⿰車斤。） </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註譯"><span id=".E8.A8.BB.E8.AD.AF"></span>註譯</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：註譯"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hkbu-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hkbu_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hkbu_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alphads10-2.hkbu.edu.hk/~lcprichi/comp_help.html">〈部件連結表〉使用說明</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041109012216/http://alphads10-2.hkbu.edu.hk/~lcprichi/comp_help.html">存檔</a>，存档日期2004-11-09. 二、部件的定義和分類</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-coolch_a-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-coolch_a_2-0"><sup><b>2.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-coolch_a_2-1"><sup><b>2.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://coolch.sce.ntnu.edu.tw/index.php?do=teacher_a">漢字字族教學平台 - 組字教學區 - 部件</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年3月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup> 部件的基本定義與部件級次的定義</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-coolch_e-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-coolch_e_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://coolch.sce.ntnu.edu.tw/index.php?do=teacher_e">漢字字族教學平台 - 組字教學區 - 部件</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2018年3月失效">永久失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup> 結構關係與結構位置規則性</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83"></span>參考</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%A2%E5%AD%97%E9%83%A8%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：參考"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>第一屆中國文字學會學術討論會‧天津 1996年8月25-30日，謝清俊論文： <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sinica.edu.tw/~cdp/paper/1996/19960825_1.htm">電子古籍中的缺字問題</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210227024019/http://www.sinica.edu.tw/~cdp/paper/1996/19960825_1.htm">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li>烏衣行簡易難字、缺字表示法 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://oikasu.blogspot.com/2009/06/blog-post_26.html">[1]</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A4%B1%E6%95%88%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5" title="Wikipedia:失效链接"><span title="自2021年4月失效">失效連結</span></a>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jigen.net/">漢字部件的檢索／Jigen.net - 漢字と古典の総合サイト</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20211231031521/http://jigen.net/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/ccdb/">漢字部件的檢索／漢字古今字資料庫</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20211215162316/https://xiaoxue.iis.sinica.edu.tw/ccdb/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" 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