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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American mayor (1644–c. 1707)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the theologian, see <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Bayard_(theologian)" title="Nicholas Bayard (theologian)">Nicholas Bayard (theologian)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Nicholas Bayard</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">Mayor of New York City</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1685–1686</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Minvielle" title="Gabriel Minvielle">Gabriel Minvielle</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Stephanus_Van_Cortlandt" title="Stephanus Van Cortlandt">Stephanus Van Cortlandt</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1644<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart bday">1644</span>)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Alphen,_South_Holland" title="Alphen, South Holland">Alphen</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_of_Holland" title="County of Holland">Holland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">United Provinces of the Netherlands</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1707 or 1709<br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_America" title="British America">British America</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Judith Varleth<br /></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(after <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="23 May 1666">1666</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relations</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Stuyvesant" title="Peter Stuyvesant">Peter Stuyvesant</a> (uncle)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Bayard" title="Stephen Bayard">Stephen Bayard</a> (grandson)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nicholas Bayard</b> (c. 1644–1707 or 1709) was a government official and slave trader in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_New_York" title="Province of New York">colonial New York</a>. Bayard served as the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_New_York_City" title="Mayor of New York City">mayor of New York City</a> from 1685 to 1686. He is historically most notable for being <a href="/wiki/Peter_Stuyvesant" title="Peter Stuyvesant">Peter Stuyvesant</a>'s nephew and for being a prominent member of the <a href="/wiki/Bayard_family" title="Bayard family">Bayard family</a>, which remained prominent in <a href="/wiki/History_of_New_York_City" title="History of New York City">New York City history</a> into the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-NYLPC_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYLPC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Bayard&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bayard was born in <a href="/wiki/Alphen_aan_den_Rijn" title="Alphen aan den Rijn">Alphen</a>, Holland, the son of a <a href="/wiki/Huguenot" class="mw-redirect" title="Huguenot">Huguenot</a> refugee. His parents were Samuel Bayard (c. 1615–c. 1647) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann_Stuyvesant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ann Stuyvesant (page does not exist)">Ann Stuyvesant</a> (1613–1683), the sister of Governor <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Stuyvesant" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrus Stuyvesant">Petrus Stuyvesant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bulloch1919_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bulloch1919-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 1647, he accompanied his widowed mother to America. Three other children, Balthazar (who married Maria Lockerman in 1664), Petrus (who married Blandina Kierstede in 1674) and Catharine (who married William De Meyer), also arrived in <a href="/wiki/New_Amsterdam" title="New Amsterdam">New Amsterdam</a>. His Aunt Judith Bayard (c. 1615–1687), the sister of Samuel Bayard, married Director General Stuyvesant, and thus there was a double relationship between the families.<sup id="cite_ref-Bulloch1919_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bulloch1919-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Bayard&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1664, Stuyvesant, whose patronage supported Bayard's career, appointed him clerk of the Common Council, and soon afterward became private secretary to Stuyvesant and received the additional appointment of surveyor of the province. After the re-conquest of New York by the Dutch in 1672, Bayard became secretary of the province. Under the second English regime, in 1685, when <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dongan,_2nd_Earl_of_Limerick" title="Thomas Dongan, 2nd Earl of Limerick">Thomas Dongan, 2nd Earl of Limerick</a>, was governor, Bayard was mayor of New York; prior to 1680, New York mayors served one-year terms but thereafter they served two-year terms, with few exceptions. Bayard was one of the exceptions and served only one year. As a member of the governor's council, Bayard drew up the <a href="/wiki/Dongan_Charter" title="Dongan Charter">Dongan Charter</a> that was granted in 1686. </p><p>In 1688, he received, at the head of the regiment of militia of which he was colonel, the restored but cordially detested Governor <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Andros" title="Edmund Andros">Edmund Andros</a>. As one of the three resident members of the governor's council, and commander-in-chief of the militia of the province, he was the object of popular hatred during <a href="/wiki/Leisler%27s_Rebellion" title="Leisler's Rebellion">Leisler's Rebellion</a>, and fled to Albany to escape assassination. Returning to attend an only son on his sickbed, he was arrested and briefly imprisoned. He was released upon the arrival of the new governor, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Sloughter" title="Henry Sloughter">Henry Sloughter</a>, who put down the rebellion and sat on the Common Council. </p><p>A <i>Narrative of an Attempt made by the French of Canada upon the Mohaque's Country,</i> by Colonel Bayard and his friend Lieut.-Colonel Charles Lodowick was published in London in 1693.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bayard was a <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the colonial history of the United States">slaveholder</a> and owner of <a href="/wiki/Slave_ship" title="Slave ship">slave ships</a> throughout much of his adult life. According to Alan J. Singer, he </p> <blockquote><p>was the mayor of New York City under the English from 1685 to 1686 and a nephew of Dutch colonial superintendent Peter Stuyvesant, the largest private slaveholder in the Dutch colony.</p></blockquote> <p>Samuel was a member of the colonial assembly and related through marriage to the prominent slaveholding <a href="/wiki/Van_Cortlandt_family" title="Van Cortlandt family">Van Cortlandt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Van_Rensselaer_(family)" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Rensselaer (family)">Van Rensselaer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Schuyler_family" title="Schuyler family">Schuyler</a> families. Nicholas and then Samuel owned and operated <a href="/wiki/Sugar_mills" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugar mills">sugar mills</a> processing slave-produced commodities in the city. The Bayards' owned stakes in at least eight <a href="/wiki/Slave_ship" title="Slave ship">slave-trading ships</a>. There are Bayard Streets in lower Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Staten Island, and in the <a href="/wiki/Westchester_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Westchester County">Westchester County</a> towns of <a href="/wiki/New_Rochelle" class="mw-redirect" title="New Rochelle">New Rochelle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Larchmont,_New_York" title="Larchmont, New York">Larchmont</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aside from his sizeable farm in the "Out Ward" of New York, Bayard received a license from the notoriously corrupt Governor <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Fletcher" title="Benjamin Fletcher">Benjamin Fletcher</a> in 1694 to buy 4,000 acres along the <a href="/wiki/Schoharie_Creek" title="Schoharie Creek">Schoharie Creek</a> from the Indians, for some £100. When Fletcher chartered his staunch ally's purchase in 1695, the original 4,000 acres became a tract forty miles long and thirty miles broad on both sides of the Schoharie Creek, some 768,000 acres, the Manor of Kingsfield. The Indians were unhappy and repudiated the deal. They found an ally in <a href="/wiki/Richard_Coote,_1st_Earl_of_Bellomont" title="Richard Coote, 1st Earl of Bellomont">Governor Bellomont</a>, who replaced Fletcher in 1697 and revoked some of Fletcher's most outrageous land grants, including Bayard's. Colonel Bayard did not relinquish his claim on these lands and went to London to clear his title before the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_Trade" title="Board of Trade">Lords of Trade</a>. </p><p>Accused in 1702 of high treason before Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/William_Atwood" title="William Atwood">William Atwood</a>, on the basis of a remonstrance signed by him and others, as libelous, he was sentenced to death;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but after the death of the New York governor and the removal of Atwood on a corruption charge, the proceedings were annulled by an order in council, and he was reinstated in his property and honors. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Bayard&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_Arms_of_Samuel_Bayard.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Coat_of_Arms_of_Samuel_Bayard.svg/150px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Samuel_Bayard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Coat_of_Arms_of_Samuel_Bayard.svg/225px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Samuel_Bayard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Coat_of_Arms_of_Samuel_Bayard.svg/300px-Coat_of_Arms_of_Samuel_Bayard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="369" /></a><figcaption>Coat of Arms of Nicholas Bayard</figcaption></figure> <p>On 23 May 1666, he married Judith Verlet or Varleth, daughter of Casper Varleth whose brother Nicholas Varleth was Ambassador to Virginia from New Amsterdam. Together, they were the parents of:<sup id="cite_ref-Bulloch1919_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bulloch1919-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Samuel Bayard (1669–1746), a member of the Colonial Assembly who married Margaretta Van Cortlandt (b. 1674), daughter of <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Van_Cortlandt" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen Van Cortlandt">Stephen Van Cortlandt</a> and his wife, Gertruj Schuyler, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Philip_Pieterse_Schuyler" title="Philip Pieterse Schuyler">Philip Pieterse Schuyler</a>, and established the <a href="/wiki/Bayard_family" title="Bayard family">Bayard family</a> in colonial New York, on 12 March 1696.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Bayard_Farm">The Bayard Farm</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Bayard&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Bayard Farm"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many historic buildings in <a href="/wiki/SoHo" class="mw-redirect" title="SoHo">SoHo</a> and elsewhere in lower Manhattan stand on land formerly belonging to his Bayard Farm. This includes <a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Street_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sullivan Street (Manhattan)">Sullivan Street</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYLPC_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYLPC-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The old Bayard house, erected in 1751 by a later Nicholas Bayard, stood on the west side of The <a href="/wiki/Bowery" title="Bowery">Bowery</a> near present-day Broome Street,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in a farm originally of some two hundred acres; the house and its house-lot were purchased in 1798, and converted by a Frenchman named Delacroix into a new site for his popular resort, known as "<a href="/wiki/New_York_Vauxhall_Gardens" title="New York Vauxhall Gardens">Vauxhall Gardens</a>." The only other residences within sight in pre-Revolutionary days were the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_De_Lancey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert De Lancey (page does not exist)">Robert De Lancey</a> mansion, on the east side of the Bowery, and Peter Stuyvesant's seat to the north. Not far distant rose "Bayard's Mount", fortified as "Bunker's Hill" in the early stage of the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Descendants">Descendants</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Bayard&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Descendants"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Through his son Samuel, he was the grandfather of: </p> <ul><li>Nicholas Bayard, who married Elizabeth Rynders (b. 1673), granddaughter of <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Leisler" title="Jacob Leisler">Jacob Leisler</a>, on July 3, 1729;</li> <li>Gertrude Bayard, who married <a href="/wiki/Peter_Kemble" title="Peter Kemble">Peter Kemble</a> (1704-1789), a prominent New Jersey businessman and politician; and</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Bayard" title="Stephen Bayard">Stephen Bayard</a>, who married Alida Vetch, and served as the 39th Mayor of New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-Bulloch1919_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bulloch1919-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>He was the great-grandfather of: </p> <ul><li>Nicholas Bayard (b. 1736), who married Catharine Livingston (1743–1775), daughter of <a href="/wiki/Peter_Van_Brugh_Livingston" title="Peter Van Brugh Livingston">Peter Van Brugh Livingston</a> (1710–1792) and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Alexander" title="Mary Alexander">Mary Alexander</a>, on April 20, 1762<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and</li> <li>Judith Bayard, who married <a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Van_Rensselaer" title="Jeremiah Van Rensselaer">Jeremiah Van Rensselaer</a> (1738–1810), son of <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Van_Rensselaer" title="Johannes Van Rensselaer">Johannes Van Rensselaer</a> (1708–1793) and <a href="/wiki/Livingston_family" title="Livingston family">Engeltie "Angelica" Livingston</a> (1698–1746/47) in 1760.<sup id="cite_ref-Bulloch1919_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bulloch1919-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Bayard&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Notes</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NYLPC-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYLPC_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYLPC_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303204509/http://www.neighborhoodpreservationcenter.org/db/bb_files/116-SULLIVAN-STREET.pdf">"Landmarks Preservation Commission LP-0645"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neighborhoodpreservationcenter.org/db/bb_files/116-SULLIVAN-STREET.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-03-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Landmarks+Preservation+Commission+LP-0645&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neighborhoodpreservationcenter.org%2Fdb%2Fbb_files%2F116-SULLIVAN-STREET.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Bayard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161025154956/http://www.thehistorybox.com/ny_city/society/printerfriendly/nycity_society_bios_colonial_article0005.htm">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Biographical Sketches of Wealthy Men of the Colonial Era in New York"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehistorybox.com/ny_city/society/printerfriendly/nycity_society_bios_colonial_article0005.htm">the original</a> on 2016-10-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-11-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22Biographical+Sketches+of+Wealthy+Men+of+the+Colonial+Era+in+New+York%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehistorybox.com%2Fny_city%2Fsociety%2Fprinterfriendly%2Fnycity_society_bios_colonial_article0005.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Bayard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bulloch1919-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bulloch1919_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bulloch1919_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bulloch1919_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bulloch1919_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bulloch1919_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBulloch1919" class="citation book cs1">Bulloch, Joseph Gaston Baillie (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XQc7AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA3"><i>A History and Genealogy of the Families of Bayard, Houstoun of Georgia: And the Descent of the Bolton Family from Assheton, Byron and Hulton of Hulton Park, by Joseph Gaston Baillie Bulloch ...</i></a> J. H. Dony, printer. p. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+and+Genealogy+of+the+Families+of+Bayard%2C+Houstoun+of+Georgia%3A+And+the+Descent+of+the+Bolton+Family+from+Assheton%2C+Byron+and+Hulton+of+Hulton+Park%2C+by+Joseph+Gaston+Baillie+Bulloch+...&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=J.+H.+Dony%2C+printer&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Bulloch&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Gaston+Baillie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXQc7AAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Bayard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A facsimile, with an introduction by Adelaide R. Haase, was published in New York, 1903.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinger2018" class="citation web cs1">Singer, Alan J. (3 September 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorkalmanack.com/2018/09/new-york-streets-named-for-slave-traders/">"New York Streets Named for Slave Traders"</a>. <i>New York Almanack</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Almanack&rft.atitle=New+York+Streets+Named+for+Slave+Traders&rft.date=2018-09-03&rft.aulast=Singer&rft.aufirst=Alan+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorkalmanack.com%2F2018%2F09%2Fnew-york-streets-named-for-slave-traders%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Bayard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jones_Howell" title="Thomas Jones Howell">Thomas Jones Howell</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Cobbett" title="William Cobbett">William Cobbett</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Jardine_(barrister)" title="David Jardine (barrister)">David Jardine</a>, eds. <i>A complete collection of state trials and proceedings for high treason</i>, <b>14</b> 1816, <i>s.v.</i> no. 421.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Its drive, "Bayard's Lane" lay nearly along present-day Broome Street. Hugh Entwistle McAtamney, <i>Cradle Days of New York: (1609-1825),</i> (1909:159).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.surnameguide.com/bayard/nicholas_bayard_genealogy2.htm">"Nicholas Bayard Genealogy"</a>. <i>www.surnameguide.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.surnameguide.com&rft.atitle=Nicholas+Bayard+Genealogy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.surnameguide.com%2Fbayard%2Fnicholas_bayard_genealogy2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANicholas+Bayard" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Willett" title="Thomas Willett">T. Willett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Delavall" title="Thomas Delavall">Delavall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Willett" title="Thomas Willett">T. Willett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Steenwyk" title="Cornelius Steenwyk">Van Steenwyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Delavall" title="Thomas Delavall">Delavall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_Nicoll" title="Matthias Nicoll">Nicoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lawrence_(New_York_politician)" title="John Lawrence (New York politician)">J. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dervall" title="William Dervall">Dervall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_De_Mayer" title="Nicholas De Mayer">De Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanus_Van_Cortlandt" title="Stephanus Van Cortlandt">S. Van Cortlandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Delavall" title="Thomas Delavall">Delavall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Rombouts" title="Francis Rombouts">Rombouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Dyre" title="William Dyre">Dyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Steenwyk" title="Cornelius Steenwyk">Van Steenwyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Minvielle" title="Gabriel Minvielle">Minvielle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">N. Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanus_Van_Cortlandt" title="Stephanus Van Cortlandt">S. Van Cortlandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Delanoy" title="Peter Delanoy">Delanoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lawrence_(New_York_politician)" title="John Lawrence (New York politician)">J. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_de_Peyster" title="Abraham de Peyster">A. de Peyster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lodwik" title="Charles Lodwik">Lodwik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Merritt_(mayor)" title="William Merritt (mayor)">Merritt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_de_Peyster" title="Johannes de Peyster">J. de Peyster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Provost" title="David Provost">Provost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_De_Riemer" title="Isaac De Riemer">De Riemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Noell" title="Thomas Noell">Noell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_French" title="Phillip French">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Peartree" title="William Peartree">Peartree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Wilson" title="Ebenezer Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Van_Cortlandt" title="Jacobus Van Cortlandt">J. Van Cortlandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Heathcote" title="Caleb Heathcote">Heathcote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Johnstone_(mayor)" title="John Johnstone (mayor)">Johnstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Van_Cortlandt" title="Jacobus Van Cortlandt">J. Van Cortlandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Walters_(mayor)" title="Robert Walters (mayor)">Walters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Jansen_(mayor)" title="Johannes Jansen (mayor)">Jansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lurting" title="Robert Lurting">Lurting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Richard" title="Paul Richard">Richard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cruger" title="John Cruger">Cruger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Bayard" title="Stephen Bayard">S. Bayard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Holland_(mayor)" title="Edward Holland (mayor)">Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cruger_Jr." title="John Cruger Jr.">Cruger Jr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehead_Hicks" title="Whitehead Hicks">Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mathews" title="David Mathews">Mathews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Duane" title="James Duane">Duane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Varick" title="Richard Varick">Varick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Livingston" title="Edward Livingston">Livingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marinus_Willett" title="Marinus Willett">M. Willett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Radcliff" title="Jacob Radcliff">Radcliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeWitt_Clinton" title="DeWitt Clinton">Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ferguson_(New_York_politician)" title="John Ferguson (New York politician)">Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Radcliff" title="Jacob Radcliff">Radcliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadwallader_D._Colden" title="Cadwallader D. Colden">Colden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Allen_(American_politician)" title="Stephen Allen (American politician)">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paulding_Jr." title="William Paulding Jr.">Paulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Hone" title="Philip Hone">Hone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paulding_Jr." title="William Paulding Jr.">Paulding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Bowne" title="Walter Bowne">Bowne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Lee" title="Gideon Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Lawrence" title="Cornelius Lawrence">C. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Clark" title="Aaron Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_L._Varian" title="Isaac L. Varian">Varian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Morris_(mayor)" title="Robert H. Morris (mayor)">Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harper_(publisher)" title="James Harper (publisher)">Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Havemeyer" title="William Frederick Havemeyer">Havemeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_H._Mickle" title="Andrew H. Mickle">Mickle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_V._Brady" title="William V. Brady">Brady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Havemeyer" title="William Frederick Havemeyer">Havemeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Smith_Woodhull" title="Caleb Smith Woodhull">Woodhull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Kingsland" title="Ambrose Kingsland">Kingsland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Aaron_Westervelt" title="Jacob Aaron Westervelt">Westervelt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Wood" title="Fernando Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_F._Tiemann" title="Daniel F. Tiemann">Tiemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Wood" title="Fernando Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Opdyke" title="George Opdyke">Opdyke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Godfrey_Gunther" title="Charles Godfrey Gunther">Gunther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Hoffman" title="John T. Hoffman">Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Coman" title="Thomas Coman">Coman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Oakey_Hall" title="A. Oakey Hall">Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Frederick_Havemeyer" title="William Frederick Havemeyer">Havemeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_B._H._Vance" title="Samuel B. H. Vance">Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Wickham" title="William H. Wickham">Wickham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_Ely_Jr." title="Smith Ely Jr.">Ely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Cooper_(mayor)" title="Edward Cooper (mayor)">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Russell_Grace" title="William Russell Grace">Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Edson" title="Franklin Edson">Edson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Russell_Grace" title="William Russell Grace">Grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abram_Hewitt" title="Abram Hewitt">Hewitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_J._Grant" title="Hugh J. Grant">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Francis_Gilroy" title="Thomas Francis Gilroy">Gilroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Lafayette_Strong" title="William Lafayette Strong">Strong</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_New_York_City.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="New York City Flag"><img alt="New York City Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/75px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/113px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/150px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508327#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508327#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508327#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000073691501">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/34800196">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/150582/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpDTrTfcwkrm7Vb6PHpyd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1025517172">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85088654">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987010649086705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6mw4pgf">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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