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composition</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: waste composition"> <meta name="keywords" content="waste composition"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="waste composition"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 5139</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: waste composition</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5139</span> Municipal Solid Waste Generation Trend in the Metropolitan Cities of the Muslim World </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzaneh%20Fakheri%20Raof">Farzaneh Fakheri Raof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdolkhalegh%20vadian"> Abdolkhalegh vadian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the most important environmental issues in developing countries is municipal solid waste management. In this context, knowledge of the quantity and composition of solid waste provides the basic information for the optimal management of solid waste. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the impact of economic, social and cultural factors on generation trend of solid waste, however, few of these have addressed the role of religion in the matter. The present study is a field investigation on generation trend of solid waste in Mashhad, a metropolitan city in northeastern Iran. Accordingly, the religious rituals, quantity and composition of municipal solid waste were considered as independent and dependent variables, respectively. For this purpose, the quantity of the solid waste was initially determined. Afterwards, they were classified into 12 groups using the relevant standard methods. The results showed that the production rate of the municipal solid waste was 1,507 tons per day. Composing 65.2% of the whole; the organic materials constitute the largest share of the total municipal solid waste in Mashhad. The obtained results also revealed that there is a positive relationship between waste generation and the months of religious ceremonies so that the greatest amount of waste generated in the city was reported from Ramadan (as a religious month) in a way that it was significantly different from other months. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=municipal%20solid%20waste" title=" municipal solid waste"> municipal solid waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=religious%20months" title=" religious months"> religious months</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20composition" title=" waste composition"> waste composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20waste" title=" organic waste"> organic waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30335/municipal-solid-waste-generation-trend-in-the-metropolitan-cities-of-the-muslim-world" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30335.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">513</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5138</span> Solid Waste Generation, Composition and Potentiality of Waste to Resource Recovery in Narayanganj City Corporation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Jisan%20Ahmed">Md. Jisan Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Taher"> M. A. Taher</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the cities in Bangladesh that is developing the fastest is Narayanganj City Corporation. In 2011, the municipality of Narayanganj was transformed into a city corporation, with 27 wards combining Kadamrasul Municipality, Siddhirganj Municipality, and Narayanganj Town. It is also one of Bangladesh's most important industrial centers in Bangladesh. Narayanganj City Corporation (NCC), which has had high development growth, is also generating more solid waste on a high per-capita basis. Because of the increasing rate of population expansion, business activity, industrial development, and fast urbanization, NCC is today creating more waste than ever before. The enormous amount of solid garbage produced in NCC is currently causing air pollution, soil contamination, water pollution, drainage system blockages, and an unpleasant urban environment. The study aimed to find out the amount of solid waste produced per day in NCC by exploring the waste composition and potentiality of resource recovery from the produced solid waste. This study considered household surveys, polythene bag surveys, questionnaire surveys in commercial and industrial sectors, KIIs, FGDs, and lab tests to identify the total amount of waste generated in NCC with waste composition and potentiality for energy recovery from the generated waste. This study has explored that NCC is producing about 922 tons of solid waste per day from households, commercial activities, and industrial sectors where the existing waste collection rate by NCC authority is only about 50% of total generated waste. This study has also explored that about 75% of daily-produced solid waste is perishable with comparatively high moisture content whereas 18 % and 7% are non-perishable and hazardous. It is also explored that there is no resource recovery plant for solid waste management in NCC. On the other hand, this study has explored that the calorific value of the produced solid waste favors resource recovery like waste to electricity. The generated solid waste composition is also in favor of waste-to-biogas, and waste-to-compost fertilizer production. This study has advocated that initiatives need to develop a solid waste management plant in NCC for resource recovery from solid waste. This research may provide a quick overview of the rate of solid waste generation, its composition, and the potential for resource recovery from solid waste in Bangladesh's metropolitan regions. It can also provide information and knowledge to other trash departments in different cities and municipalities in Bangladesh. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20waste" title="solid waste">solid waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20composition" title=" waste composition"> waste composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title=" waste management"> waste management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resource%20recovery%20from%20solid%20waste" title=" resource recovery from solid waste"> resource recovery from solid waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192179/solid-waste-generation-composition-and-potentiality-of-waste-to-resource-recovery-in-narayanganj-city-corporation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192179.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">21</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5137</span> Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Composition and Generation in Nablus City, Palestine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Issam%20A.%20Al-Khatib">Issam A. Al-Khatib</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to achieve a significant reduction of waste amount flowing into landfills, it is important to first understand the composition of the solid municipal waste generated. Hence a detailed analysis of municipal solid waste composition has been conducted in Nablus city. The aim is to provide data on the potential recyclable fractions in the actual waste stream, with a focus on the plastic fraction. Hence, waste-sorting campaigns were conducted on mixed waste containers from five districts in Nablus city. The districts vary in terms of infrastructure and average income. The target is to obtain representative data about the potential quantity and quality of household plastic waste. The study has measured the composition of municipal solid waste collected/ transported by Nablus municipality. The analysis was done by categorizing the samples into eight primary fractions (organic and food waste, paper and cardboard, glass, metals, textiles, plastic, a fine fraction (<10 mm), and others). The study results reveal that the MSW stream in Nablus city has a significant bio- and organic waste fraction (about 68% of the total MSW). The second largest fraction is paper and cardboard (13.6%), followed by plastics (10.1%), textiles (3.2%), glass (1.9%), metals (1.8%), a fine fraction (0.5%), and other waste (0.3%). After this complete and detailed characterization of MSW collected in Nablus and taking into account the content of biodegradable organic matter, the composting could be a solution for the city of Nablus where the surrounding areas of Nablus city have agricultural activities and could be a natural outlet to the compost product. Different waste management options could be practiced in the future in addition to composting, such as energy recovery and recycling, which result in a greater possibility of reducing substantial amounts that are disposed of at landfills. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=developing%20countries" title="developing countries">developing countries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composition" title=" composition"> composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recyclable" title=" recyclable"> recyclable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste." title=" waste."> waste.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162206/municipal-solid-waste-msw-composition-and-generation-in-nablus-city-palestine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162206.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">90</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5136</span> Analysis of Solid Waste Management Practices and the Implications for Human Health and the Environment: A Case Study of Kayamandi Informal Settlement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Iyobosa%20Asemota">Peter Iyobosa Asemota</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study on solid waste management practices addressed aspects of environmental and health impacts resulting from poor management of solid waste. The study was occasioned by the observed rate and volume of illegal and indiscriminate dumping of solid waste materials especially in informal settlements. The main focus of this study was to establish the impact of waste management practices on human health and the environment. The study, therefore, presents a critical analysis of the state of solid waste management in the study area and the implications for human health and the environment. The study was carried out in Kayamandi informal settlement within Stellenbosch municipality. The sustainable management of solid waste is very important in order to minimize the environmental and public health risks associated with improper solid waste management. There is no denying the fact that the problems of waste management will become critical as time goes on because of improper and inefficient waste management practices. Towns and cities exhibit the burdens of waste management which is a characteristics feature of most African cities. The study critically assess the implementation of waste management practices by the residents of the informal settlement; identify the factors affecting management issues in the operation of solid waste management system by the municipality; identify factors militating against the implementation of waste management policies and legislation. Furthermore, a waste assessment study was carried out to assess the generation; composition of the waste stream and also determine the attitudes and behavior of the residents with regard to waste management practices. Findings from the study revealed that Kayamandi is not different from other informal settlements with regards to waste management. People are of the opinion that solid waste management is the sole responsibility of municipal authorities and as such, the government should be responsible for bearing the cost of solid waste management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title="environment">environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste" title=" waste"> waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20composition" title=" waste composition"> waste composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20stream" title=" waste stream"> waste stream</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy" title=" policy"> policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20categories" title=" waste categories"> waste categories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sanitary%20landfill" title=" sanitary landfill"> sanitary landfill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20collection" title=" waste collection"> waste collection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20solid%20waste%20management" title=" integrated solid waste management "> integrated solid waste management </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20014/analysis-of-solid-waste-management-practices-and-the-implications-for-human-health-and-the-environment-a-case-study-of-kayamandi-informal-settlement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20014.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">695</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5135</span> Proposal of Solidification/Stabilisation Process of Chosen Hazardous Waste by Cementation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bozena%20Dohnalkova">Bozena Dohnalkova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a part of the project solving which is dedicated to the identification of the hazardous waste with the most critical production within the Czech Republic with the aim to study and find the optimal composition of the cement matrix that will ensure maximum content disposal of chosen hazardous waste. In the first stage of project solving – which represents this paper – a specific hazardous waste was chosen, its properties were identified and suitable solidification agents were chosen. Consequently solidification formulas and testing methodology was proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cementation" title="cementation">cementation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solidification" title=" solidification"> solidification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste" title=" waste"> waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binder" title=" binder "> binder </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30145/proposal-of-solidificationstabilisation-process-of-chosen-hazardous-waste-by-cementation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30145.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5134</span> The Pyrolysis of Leather and Textile Waste in Carbonised Materials as an Element of the Circular Economy Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maciej%20%C5%BBycki">Maciej Życki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Kowalik-klimczak"> Anna Kowalik-klimczak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monika%20%C5%81o%C5%BCy%C5%84ska"> Monika Łożyńska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wioletta%20Barszcz"> Wioletta Barszcz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jolanta%20Drabik%20Anna%20Kowalik-klimczak"> Jolanta Drabik Anna Kowalik-klimczak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rapidly changing fashion trends generate huge amounts of leather and textile waste globally. The complexity of these types of waste makes recycling difficult in economic terms. Pyrolysis is suggested for this purpose, which transforms heterogeneous and complex waste into added-value products e.g. active carbons and soil fertilizer. The possibility of using pyrolysis for the valorization of leather and textile waste has been analyzed in this paper. In the first stage, leather and textile waste were subjected to TG/DTG thermogravimetric and DSC calorimetric analysis. These analyses provided basic information about thermochemical transformations and degradation rates during the pyrolysis of these types of waste and enabled the selection of the pyrolysis temperature. In the next stage, the effect of gas type using pyrolysis was investigated on the physicochemical properties, composition, structure, and formation of the specific surfaces of carbonized materials produced by means of a thermal treatment without oxygen access to the reaction chamber. These studies contribute some data about the thermal management and pyrolytic processing of leather and textile waste into useful carbonized materials, according to the circular economy model. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis" title="pyrolysis">pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leather%20and%20textiles%20waste" title=" leather and textiles waste"> leather and textiles waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composition%20and%20structure%20of%20carbonized%20materials" title=" composition and structure of carbonized materials"> composition and structure of carbonized materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=valorisation%20of%20waste" title=" valorisation of waste"> valorisation of waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circular%20economy%20model" title=" circular economy model"> circular economy model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194644/the-pyrolysis-of-leather-and-textile-waste-in-carbonised-materials-as-an-element-of-the-circular-economy-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194644.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">7</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5133</span> The Potential for Recycling Household Wastes Generated from the Residential Areas of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asaolu%20Olugbenga%20Stephen">Asaolu Olugbenga Stephen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afolabi%20Olusegun%20Temitope"> Afolabi Olusegun Temitope</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lack of proper solid waste management is one of the main causes of environmental pollution and degradation in many cities, especially in developing countries. The aim of this study was to estimate the quantity of waste generated per capita per day, determine the composition and identify the potentials for recycling of waste generated. Characterization of wastes from selected households in the residential areas was done for over a 7 day period. The weight of each sorted category of waste was recorded in a structured database that calculated the proportion of each waste component. The results indicated that 85.4% of the sampled waste characterized was found to be recyclable; with an estimated average waste generated of 1.82kg/capita/day. The various solid waste fractions were organic (64.6%), plastics (15.6%), metals (9.2%), glass materials (1.6%) and unclassified (8.9%). It was concluded from this study that a large proportion of the waste generated from OAU campus residential area was recyclable and that there is a need to enact policy on waste recycling within the university campus. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title="recycling">recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=household%20wastes" title=" household wastes"> household wastes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential" title=" residential"> residential</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20waste%20management" title=" solid waste management"> solid waste management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35534/the-potential-for-recycling-household-wastes-generated-from-the-residential-areas-of-obafemi-awolowo-university-ile-ife" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35534.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5132</span> Co-Pyrolysis of Olive Pomace with Plastic Wastes and Characterization of Pyrolysis Products</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Merve%20Sogancioglu">Merve Sogancioglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esra%20Yel"> Esra Yel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ferda%20Tartar"> Ferda Tartar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nihan%20Canan%20Iskender"> Nihan Canan Iskender</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Waste polyethylene (PE) is classified as waste low density polyethylene (LDPE) and waste high density polyethylene (HDPE) according to their densities. Pyrolysis of plastic waste may have an important role in dealing with the enormous amounts of plastic waste produced all over the world, by decreasing their negative impact on the environment. This waste may be converted into economically valuable hydrocarbons, which can be used both as fuels and as feed stock in the petrochemical industry. End product yields and properties depend on the plastic waste composition. Pyrolytic biochar is one of the most important products of waste plastics pyrolysis. In this study, HDPE and LDPE plastic wastes were co-pyrolyzed together with waste olive pomace. Pyrolysis runs were performed at temperature 700°C with heating rates of 5°C/min. Higher pyrolysis oil and gas yields were observed by the using waste olive pomace. The biochar yields of HDPE- olive pomace and LDPEolive pomace were 6.37% and 7.26% respectively for 50% olive pomace doses. The calorific value of HDPE-olive pomace and LDPE-olive pomace of pyrolysis oil were 8350 and 8495 kCal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochar" title="biochar">biochar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-pyrolysis" title=" co-pyrolysis"> co-pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20plastic" title=" waste plastic"> waste plastic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20olive%20pomace" title=" waste olive pomace"> waste olive pomace</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43077/co-pyrolysis-of-olive-pomace-with-plastic-wastes-and-characterization-of-pyrolysis-products" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43077.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5131</span> Health Care Waste Management Practices in Liberia: An Investigative Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Emery%20David%20Jr.">V. Emery David Jr.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Wenchao"> J. Wenchao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Mmereki"> D. Mmereki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20John"> Y. John</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Heriniaina"> F. Heriniaina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Healthcare waste management continues to present an array of challenges for developing countries, and Liberia is of no exception. There is insufficient information available regarding the generation, handling, and disposal of health care waste. This face serves as an impediment to healthcare management schemes. The specific objective of this study is to present an evaluation of the current health care management practices in Liberia. It also presented procedures, techniques used, methods of handling, transportation, and disposal methods of wastes as well as the quantity and composition of health care waste. This study was conducted as an investigative case study, covering three different health care facilities; a hospital, a health center, and a clinic in Monrovia, Montserrado County. The average waste generation was found to be 0-7kg per day at the clinic and health center and 8-15kg per/day at the hospital. The composition of the waste includes hazardous and non-hazardous waste i.e. plastic, papers, sharps, and pathological elements etc. Nevertheless, the investigation showed that the healthcare waste generated by the surveyed healthcare facilities were not properly handled because of insufficient guidelines for separate collection, and classification, and adequate methods for storage and proper disposal of generated wastes. This therefore indicates that there is a need for improvement within the healthcare waste management system to improve the existing situation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disposal" title="disposal">disposal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthcare%20waste" title=" healthcare waste"> healthcare waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Montserrado%20County" title=" Montserrado County"> Montserrado County</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monrovia" title=" Monrovia"> Monrovia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42925/health-care-waste-management-practices-in-liberia-an-investigative-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42925.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5130</span> Liquid Fuel Production via Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Oil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malee%20Santikunaporn">Malee Santikunaporn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neera%20Wongtyanuwat"> Neera Wongtyanuwat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Channarong%20Asavatesanupap"> Channarong Asavatesanupap</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pyrolysis of waste oil is an effective process to produce high quality liquid fuels. In this work, pyrolysis experiments of waste oil over Y zeolite were carried out in a semi-batch reactor under a flow of nitrogen at atmospheric pressure and at different reaction temperatures (350-450 <sup>o</sup>C). The products were gas, liquid fuel, and residue. Only liquid fuel was further characterized for its composition and properties by using gas chromatography, thermogravimetric analyzer, and bomb calorimeter. Experimental results indicated that the pyrolysis reaction temperature significantly affected both yield and composition distribution of pyrolysis oil. An increase in reaction temperature resulted in increased fuel yield, especially gasoline fraction. To obtain high amount of fuel, the optimal reaction temperature should be higher than 350 <sup>o</sup>C. A presence of Y zeolite in the system enhanced the cracking activity. In addition, the pyrolysis oil yield is proportional to the catalyst quantity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gasoline" title="gasoline">gasoline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diesel" title=" diesel"> diesel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pyrolysis" title=" pyrolysis"> pyrolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20oil" title=" waste oil"> waste oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y%20zeolite" title=" Y zeolite"> Y zeolite</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93363/liquid-fuel-production-via-catalytic-pyrolysis-of-waste-oil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93363.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5129</span> Management of Municipal Solid Waste in Baghdad, Iraq</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayad%20Sleibi%20Mustafa">Ayad Sleibi Mustafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Abdulkadhim%20Mohsin"> Ahmed Abdulkadhim Mohsin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Layth%20Noori%20Ali"> Layth Noori Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The deterioration of solid waste management in Baghdad city is considered as a great challenge in terms of human health and environment. Baghdad city is divided into thirteen districts which are distributed on both Tigris River banks. The west bank is Al-Karkh and the east bank is Al-Rusafa. Municipal Solid Waste Management is one of the most complicated problems facing the environment in Iraq. Population growth led to increase waste production and more load of the waste to the limited capacity infrastructure. The problems of municipal solid waste become more serious after the war in 2003. More waste is disposed in underground landfills in Baghdad with little or no concern for both human health and environment. The results showed that the total annually predicted solid waste is increasing for the period 2015-2030. Municipal solid waste in 2030 will be 6,427,773 tons in Baghdad city according to the population growth rate of 2.4%. This increase is estimated to be approximately 30%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=municipal%20solid%20waste" title="municipal solid waste">municipal solid waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20waste%20composition%20and%20characteristics" title=" solid waste composition and characteristics"> solid waste composition and characteristics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Baghdad%20city" title=" Baghdad city"> Baghdad city</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20health" title=" human health"> human health</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73797/management-of-municipal-solid-waste-in-baghdad-iraq" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5128</span> Solid Waste Characterization and Recycling Potential in Hawassa University, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hunachew%20Beyene%20Mengesha">Hunachew Beyene Mengesha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biruck%20Desalegn%20Yirsaw"> Biruck Desalegn Yirsaw</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Owing to the dramatic expansion of universities in Ethiopia, understanding the composition and nature of solid waste at the source of generation plays an important role in designing a program for an integrated waste management program. In this study, we report the quantity, quality and recycling potential of the waste generated in the three campuses of the Hawassa University, Southern Ethiopia. A total of 3.5 tons of waste was generated per day in the three campuses of the university. More than 95% of the waste constituents were with potential to be recovered. It was a lesson from the study that there was no source reduction, recycling, composting, proper land filling or incineration practices in-place. The considerably high waste generation associated with the expansion of educational programs in the university appears worthwhile requiring implementation of programs for an integrated solid waste management to minimize health risk to humans and reduce environmental implications as a result of improper handling and disposal of wastes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hawassa%20University" title="Hawassa University">Hawassa University</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=integrated%20solid%20waste%20management" title=" integrated solid waste management"> integrated solid waste management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20waste%20generation" title=" solid waste generation"> solid waste generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20management" title=" energy management"> energy management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title=" waste management"> waste management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3446/solid-waste-characterization-and-recycling-potential-in-hawassa-university-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3446.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5127</span> Recycled Aggregates from Construction and Demolition Waste Suitable for Concrete Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimira%20Vytlacilova">Vladimira Vytlacilova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study presents the latest research trend in the discipline of construction and demolition (C&D) waste management in Czech Republic. The results of research interest exhibit an increasing research interest in C&D waste management practices in recent years. Construction and demolition waste creates a major portion of total solid waste production in the world and most of it is used in landfills, for reclamation or landscaping all the time. The quality of recycled aggregates for use in concrete construction depends on recycling practices. Classifications, composition and contaminants influence the mechanical-physical properties as well as environmental risks related to its utilization. The second part of contribution describes properties of fibre reinforced concrete with the full replacement of natural aggregate by recycled one (concrete or masonry rubble). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20and%20demolition%20waste" title="construction and demolition waste">construction and demolition waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibre%20reinforced%20concrete" title=" fibre reinforced concrete"> fibre reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycled%20aggregate" title=" recycled aggregate"> recycled aggregate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title=" waste management"> waste management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60420/recycled-aggregates-from-construction-and-demolition-waste-suitable-for-concrete-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5126</span> An Investigation of Foam Glass Production from Sheet Glass Waste and SiC Foaming Agent</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aylin%20Sahin">Aylin Sahin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Recep%20Artir"> Recep Artir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustafa%20Kara"> Mustafa Kara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Foam glass is a remarkable material with having incomparable properties like low weight, rigidity, high thermal insulation capacity and porous structure. In this study, foam glass production was investigated with using glass powder from sheet glass waste and SiC powder as foaming agent. Effects of SiC powders and sintering temperatures on foaming process were examined. It was seen that volume expansions (%), cellular structures and pore diameters of obtained foam glass samples were highly depending on composition ratios and sintering temperature. The study showed that various foam glass samples having with homogenous closed porosity, low weight and low thermal conductivity were achieved by optimizing composition ratios and sintering temperatures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foam%20glass" title="foam glass">foam glass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foaming" title=" foaming"> foaming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20glass" title=" waste glass"> waste glass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon%20carbide" title=" silicon carbide"> silicon carbide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69062/an-investigation-of-foam-glass-production-from-sheet-glass-waste-and-sic-foaming-agent" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/69062.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5125</span> Analyzing Irbid’s Food Waste as Feedstock for Anaerobic Digestion</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Assal%20E.%20Haddad">Assal E. Haddad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Food waste samples from Irbid were collected from 5 different sources for 12 weeks to characterize their composition in terms of four food categories; rice, meat, fruits and vegetables, and bread. Average food type compositions were 39% rice, 6% meat, 34% fruits and vegetables, and 23% bread. Methane yield was also measured for all food types and was found to be 362, 499, 352, and 375 mL/g VS for rice, meat, fruits and vegetables, and bread, respectively. A representative food waste sample was created to test the actual methane yield and compare it to calculated one. Actual methane yield (414 mL/g VS) was greater than the calculated value (377 mL/g VS) based on food type proportions and their specific methane yield. This study emphasizes the effect of the types of food and their proportions in food waste on the final biogas production. Findings in this study provide representative methane emission factors for Irbid’s food waste, which represent as high as 68% of total Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Irbid, and also indicate the energy and economic value within the solid waste stream in Irbid. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food%20waste" title="food waste">food waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20waste%20management" title=" solid waste management"> solid waste management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anaerobic%20digestion" title=" anaerobic digestion"> anaerobic digestion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methane%20yield" title=" methane yield"> methane yield</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84663/analyzing-irbids-food-waste-as-feedstock-for-anaerobic-digestion" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84663.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">204</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5124</span> Preparation and Characterization of Road Base Material Based on Kazakhstan Production Waste</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20K.%20Kaidarova">K. K. Kaidarova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ye.%20K.%20Aibuldinov"> Ye. K. Aibuldinov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zh.%20B.%20Iskakova"> Zh. B. Iskakova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Zh.%20Alzhanova"> G. Zh. Alzhanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Zh.%20Zayrova"> S. Zh. Zayrova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, the existing road infrastructure of Kazakhstan needs the reconstruction of existing highways and the construction of new roads. The solution to this problem can be achieved by replacing traditional building materials with industrial waste, which in their chemical and mineralogical composition are close to natural raw materials and can partially or completely replace some natural binding materials in road construction. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to develop building materials based on the red sludge of the Pavlodar aluminum plant, blast furnace slag of the Karaganda Metallurgical Plant, lime production waste of the Pavlodar Aluminum Plant as a binder for natural loam. Changes in physical and mechanical properties were studied for uniaxial compression strength, linear expansion coefficient, water resistance, and frost resistance of the samples. Nine mixtures were formed with different percentages of these wastes 1-20:25:4; 2-20:25:6; 3-20:25:8; 4-30:30:4; 5-30:30:6; 6-30:30:8; 7-40:35:4; 8-40:35:6; 9-40:35:8 and the mixture identifier were labeled based on the waste content and composition number. The results of strength measurement during uniaxial compression of the samples showed an almost constant increase in strength and amounted to 0.67–3.56 MPa after three days and 3.33–7.38 MPa after 90 days. This increase in compressive strength is a consequence of the addition of lime and becomes more pronounced over time. The water resistance of the developed materials after 90 days was 7.12 MPa, and the frost resistance for the same period was 7.35 MPa. The maximum values of strength determination were shown by a sample of the composition 9-40:35:8. The study of the mineral composition showed that there was no contamination with heavy metals or dangerous substances. It was determined that road materials made of red sludge, blast furnace slag, lime production waste, and natural loam mixture could be used due to their strength indicators and environmental characteristics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=production%20waste" title="production waste">production waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uniaxial%20compression" title=" uniaxial compression"> uniaxial compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20resistance%20of%20materials" title=" water resistance of materials"> water resistance of materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frost%20resistance%20of%20samples" title=" frost resistance of samples"> frost resistance of samples</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165638/preparation-and-characterization-of-road-base-material-based-on-kazakhstan-production-waste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5123</span> Management Options and Life Cycle Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste in Madinah, KSA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelkader%20T.%20Ahmed">Abdelkader T. Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayed%20E.%20Alluqmani"> Ayed E. Alluqmani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The population growth in the KSA beside the increase in the urbanization level and standard of living improvement have resulted in the rapid growth of the country’s Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generation. Municipalities are managing the MSW system in the KSA by collecting and getting rid of it by dumping it in nearest open landfill sites. Solid waste management is one of the main critical issues considered worldwide due to its significant impact on the environment and the public health. In this study, municipal solid waste (MSW) generation, composition and collection of Madinah city, as one of largest cities in KSA, were examined to provide an overview of current state of MSW management, an analysis of existing problem in MSW management, and recommendations for improving the waste treatment and management system in this area. These recommendations would be not specific to Madinah region, but also would be applied to other cities in KSA or any other regions with similar features. The trend of waste generation showed that current waste generation would be increased as much as two to three folds in 2030. Approximately 25% of total generated waste is disposed to a sanitary landfill, while 75% is sent to normal dumpsites. This study also investigated the environmental impacts of MSW through the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of waste generations and related processes. LCA results revealed that among the seven scenarios, recycling and composting are the best scenario for the solid waste management in Madinah and similar regions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=municipal%20solid%20waste" title="municipal solid waste">municipal solid waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20recycling%20and%20land-filling" title=" waste recycling and land-filling"> waste recycling and land-filling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title=" waste management"> waste management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67144/management-options-and-life-cycle-assessment-of-municipal-solid-waste-in-madinah-ksa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67144.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5122</span> Recycling of Plastic Waste into Composites Using Kaolin as Reinforcement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gloria%20P.%20Manu">Gloria P. Manu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johnson%20K.%20Efavi"> Johnson K. Efavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abu%20Yaya"> Abu Yaya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grace%20K.%20Arkorful"> Grace K. Arkorful</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frank%20Godson"> Frank Godson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Plastics have been used extensively in both food and water packaging and other applications because of their inherent properties of low bulk densities and inertness as well as its low cost. Waste management of these plastics after usage is troubling in Ghana. One way of addressing the environmental problems associated with these plastic wastes is by recycling into useful products such as composites for energy and construction applications using natural or local materials as reinforcement. In this work, composites have been formed from waste low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and kaolin at temperatures as low as 70 ֯C using low-cost solvents like kerosene. Chemical surface modifications have been employed to improve the interfacial bonding resulting in the enhancement of properties of the composites. Kaolin particles of sizes ≤ 90µm were dispersed in the polyethylene matrix. The content of the LDPE was varied between 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 %wt. Results obtained indicated that all the composites exhibited impressive compressive and flexural strengths with the 50%wt. composition having the highest strength. The hardness value of the composites increased as the polyethylene composition reduces and that of the kaolin increased. The average density and water of absorption of the composites were 530kg/m³ and 1.3% respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene" title="polyethylene">polyethylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste" title=" waste"> waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title=" composite"> composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kaolin" title=" kaolin"> kaolin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99421/recycling-of-plastic-waste-into-composites-using-kaolin-as-reinforcement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99421.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5121</span> Waste Management in Africa</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Ekene%20Egwu">Peter Ekene Egwu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Waste management is of critical importance in Africa for reasons related to public health, human dignity, climate resilience and environmental preservation. However, delivering waste management services requires adequate funding, which has generally been lacking in a context where the generation of waste is outpacing the development of waste management infrastructure in most cities. The sector represents a growing percentage of cities’ greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and some of the African cities profiled in this study are now designing waste management strategies with emission reduction in mind. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management%20waste%20material" title="management waste material">management waste material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Africa" title=" Africa"> Africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uses%20of%20new%20technology%20to%20manage%20waste" title=" uses of new technology to manage waste"> uses of new technology to manage waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title=" waste management"> waste management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184334/waste-management-in-africa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184334.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5120</span> Production and Recycling of Construction and Demolition Waste </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vladimira%20Vytlacilova">Vladimira Vytlacilova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recycling of construction and demolition waste (C&DW) and their new reuse in structures is one of the solutions of environmental problems. Construction and demolition waste creates a major portion of total solid waste production in the world and most of it is used in landfills all the time. The paper deals with the situation of the recycling of the building and demolition waste in the Czech Republic during the recent years. The paper is dealing with questions of C&D waste recycling, it also characterizes construction and demolition waste in general, furthermore it analyses production of construction waste and subsequent production of recycled materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Construction%20and%20demolition%20waste" title=" Construction and demolition waste"> Construction and demolition waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Recycled%20rubble" title=" Recycled rubble"> Recycled rubble</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waste%20management" title=" Waste management"> Waste management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9598/production-and-recycling-of-construction-and-demolition-waste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9598.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">303</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5119</span> Recycled Aggregates from Construction and Demolition Waste in the Production of Concrete Blocks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20A.%20Ferriz-Papi">Juan A. Ferriz-Papi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20Thomas"> Simon Thomas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The construction industry generates large amounts of waste, usually mixed, which can be composed of different origin materials, most of them catalogued as non-hazardous. The European Union targets for this waste for 2020 have been already achieved by the UK, but it is mainly developed in downcycling processes (backfilling) whereas upcycling (such as recycle in new concrete batches) still keeps at a low percentage. The aim of this paper is to explore further in the use of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste (CDW) in concrete mixes so as to improve upcycling. A review of most recent research and legislation applied in the UK is developed regarding the production of concrete blocks. As a case study, initial tests were developed with a CDW recycled aggregate sample from a CDW plant in Swansea. Composition by visual inspection and sieving tests of two samples were developed and compared to original aggregates. More than 70% was formed by soil waste from excavation, and the rest was a mix of waste from mortar, concrete, and ceramics with small traces of plaster, glass and organic matter. Two concrete mixes were made with 80% replacement of recycled aggregates and different water/cement ratio. Tests were carried out for slump, absorption, density and compression strength. The results were compared to a reference sample and showed a substantial reduction of quality in both mixes. Despite that, the discussion brings to identify different aspects to solve, such as heterogeneity or composition, and analyze them for the successful use of these recycled aggregates in the production of concrete blocks. The conclusions obtained can help increase upcycling processes ratio with mixed CDW as recycled aggregates in concrete mixes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggregates" title="aggregates">aggregates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20block" title=" concrete block"> concrete block</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20and%20demolition%20waste" title=" construction and demolition waste"> construction and demolition waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79395/recycled-aggregates-from-construction-and-demolition-waste-in-the-production-of-concrete-blocks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79395.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5118</span> Strategies for E-Waste Management: A Literature Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Linh%20Thi%20Truc%20Doan">Linh Thi Truc Doan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yousef%20Amer"> Yousef Amer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sang-Heon%20Lee"> Sang-Heon Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phan%20Nguyen%20Ky%20Phuc"> Phan Nguyen Ky Phuc</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> During the last few decades, with the high-speed upgrade of electronic products, electronic waste (e-waste) has become one of the fastest growing wastes of the waste stream. In this context, more efforts and concerns have already been placed on the treatment and management of this waste. To mitigate their negative influences on the environment and society, it is necessary to establish appropriate strategies for e-waste management. Hence, this paper aims to review and analysis some useful strategies which have been applied in several countries to handle e-waste. Future perspectives on e-waste management are also suggested. The key findings found that, to manage e-waste successfully, it is necessary to establish effective reverse supply chains for e-waste, and raise public awareness towards the detrimental impacts of e-waste. The result of the research provides valuable insights to governments, policymakers in establishing e-waste management in a safe and sustainable manner. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-waste" title="e-waste">e-waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-waste%20management" title=" e-waste management"> e-waste management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling%20regulations" title=" recycling regulations"> recycling regulations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103633/strategies-for-e-waste-management-a-literature-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103633.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">275</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5117</span> Innovate, Educate, and Transform, Tailoring Sustainable Waste Handling Solutions for Nepal’s Small Populated Municipalities: Insights From Chandragiri Municipality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anil%20Kumar%20Baral">Anil Kumar Baral</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research introduces a ground-breaking approach to waste management, emphasizing innovation, education, and transformation. Using Chandragiri Municipality as a case study, the study advocates a shift from traditional to progressive waste management strategies, contributing an inventive waste framework, sustainability advocacy, and a transformative blueprint. The waste composition analysis highlights Chandragiri's representative profile, leading to a comprehensive plan addressing challenges and recommending a transition to a profitable waste treatment model, supported by relevant statistics. The data-driven approach incorporates the official data of waste Composition from Chandragiri Municipality as secondary data and incorporates the primary data from Chandragiri households, ensuring a nuanced perspective. Discussions on implementation, viability, and environmental preservation underscore the dual benefit of sustainability. The study includes a comparative analysis, monitoring, and evaluation framework, examining international relevance and collaboration, and conducting a social and environmental impact assessment. The results indicate the necessity for creative changes in Chandragiri's waste practices, recommending separate treatment centers in wards level rather than Municipal level, composting machines, and a centralized waste treatment plant. Educational reforms involve revising school curricula and awareness campaigns. The transformation's success hinges on reducing waste size, efficient treatment center operation, and ongoing public literacy. The conclusion summarizes key findings, envisioning a future with sustainable waste management practices deeply embedded in the community fabric. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovate" title="innovate">innovate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=educate" title=" educate"> educate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transform" title=" transform"> transform</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=municipality" title=" municipality"> municipality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=method" title=" method"> method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181983/innovate-educate-and-transform-tailoring-sustainable-waste-handling-solutions-for-nepals-small-populated-municipalities-insights-from-chandragiri-municipality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">46</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5116</span> Recovery of Metals from Electronic Waste by Physical and Chemical Recycling Processes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muammer%20Kaya">Muammer Kaya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of various physical and chemical processes for electronic waste (e-waste) recycling, their advantages and shortfalls towards achieving a cleaner process of waste utilization, with especial attention towards extraction of metallic values. Current status and future perspectives of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) recycling are described. E-waste characterization, dismantling/ disassembly methods, liberation and classification processes, composition determination techniques are covered. Manual selective dismantling and metal-nonmetal liberation at – 150 µm at two step crushing are found to be the best. After size reduction, mainly physical separation/concentration processes employing gravity, electrostatic, magnetic separators, froth floatation etc., which are commonly used in mineral processing, have been critically reviewed here for separation of metals and non-metals, along with useful utilizations of the non-metallic materials. The recovery of metals from e-waste material after physical separation through pyrometallurgical, hydrometallurgical or biohydrometallurgical routes is also discussed along with purification and refining and some suitable flowsheets are also given. It seems that hydrometallurgical route will be a key player in the base and precious metals recoveries from e-waste. E-waste recycling will be a very important sector in the near future from economic and environmental perspectives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-waste" title="e-waste">e-waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WEEE" title=" WEEE"> WEEE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20recovery" title=" metal recovery"> metal recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrometallurgy" title=" hydrometallurgy"> hydrometallurgy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pirometallurgy" title=" pirometallurgy"> pirometallurgy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biometallurgy" title=" biometallurgy"> biometallurgy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42536/recovery-of-metals-from-electronic-waste-by-physical-and-chemical-recycling-processes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42536.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5115</span> Electronic Waste Analysis And Characterization Study: Management Input For Highly Urbanized Cities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jilbert%20Novelero">Jilbert Novelero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oliver%20Mariano"> Oliver Mariano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In a world where technological evolution and competition to create innovative products are at its peak, problems on Electronic Waste (E-Waste) are now becoming a global concern. E-waste is said to be any electrical or electronic devices that have reached the terminal of its useful life. The major issue are the volume and the raw materials used in crafting E-waste which is non-biodegradable and contains hazardous substances that are toxic to human health and the environment. The objective of this study is to gather baseline data in terms of the composition of E-waste in the solid waste stream and to determine the top 5 E-waste categories in a highly urbanized city. Recommendations in managing these wastes for its reduction were provided which may serve as a guide for acceptance and implementation in the locality. Pasig City was the chosen beneficiary of the research output and through the collaboration of the City Government of Pasig and its Solid Waste Management Office (SWMO); the researcher successfully conducted the Electronic Waste Analysis and Characterization Study (E-WACS) to achieve the objectives. E-WACS that was conducted on April 2019 showed that E-waste ranked 4th which comprises the 10.39% of the overall solid waste volume. Out of 345, 127.24kg which is the total daily domestic waste generation in the city, E-waste covers 35,858.72kg. Moreover, an average of 40 grams was determined to be the E-waste generation per person per day. The top 5 E-waste categories were then classified after the analysis. The category which ranked first is the office and telecommunications equipment that contained the 63.18% of the total generated E-waste. Second in ranking was the household appliances category with 21.13% composition. Third was the lighting devices category with 8.17%. Fourth on ranking was the consumer electronics and batteries category which was composed of 5.97% and fifth was the wires and cables category where it comprised the 1.41% of the average generated E-waste samples. One of the recommendations provided in this research is the implementation of the Pasig City Waste Advantage Card. The card can be used as a privilege card and earned points can be converted to avail of and enjoy services such as haircut, massage, dental services, medical check-up, and etc. Another recommendation raised is for the LGU to encourage a communication or dialogue with the technology and electronics manufacturers and distributors and international and local companies to plan the retrieval and disposal of the E-wastes in accordance with the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) policy where producers are given significant responsibilities for the treatment and disposal of post-consumer products. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E-waste" title="E-waste">E-waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E-WACS" title=" E-WACS"> E-WACS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E-waste%20characterization" title=" E-waste characterization"> E-waste characterization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20waste" title=" electronic waste"> electronic waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20waste%20analysis" title=" electronic waste analysis"> electronic waste analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128461/electronic-waste-analysis-and-characterization-study-management-input-for-highly-urbanized-cities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128461.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5114</span> Technologies in Municipal Solid Waste Management in Indian Towns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gargi%20Ghosh">Gargi Ghosh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) is an obligatory function of the local self-government as per the Indian constitution, and this paper gives a glimpse of the system in Indian towns focusing on its present state and use of technology in the system. The paper analyses the MSWM characteristics in 35 towns in the southern state of Karnataka. The lifestyle in these towns was found to be very sustainable with minimal disposal and considerable reuse. Average per capita waste generated in the towns ranged from 300 gm/person to 500 gm/person. The waste collection efficiency varied from 60% to 80%. The waste shows equal share of organic and non-organic waste composition with a low calorific value. Lack of capacity of the municipal body in terms of manpower, assets & knowledge and social consciousness were found to be two major issues in the system. Technical solutions in use in India at present are composting, organic re-reprocessing, bio-methanation, waste to energy etc. The tonnage of waste generated ranged from 8 TPD to 80 TPD. The feasibility of technology has been analysed in the context of the above characteristics. It was found that low calorific value and mixed nature of waste made waste to energy and bio methanation processes unsuitable. Composting – windrow and closed door was found best to treat the bulk of the waste. Organic–re-processors was planned for phase 2 of MSWM program in the towns with effective implementation of segregation at source. GPS and RFID technology was recommended for monitoring the collection process and increasing accountability of the citizens for effective implementation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20waste%20management" title="solid waste management">solid waste management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indian%20towns" title=" Indian towns"> Indian towns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management%20technology" title=" waste management technology"> waste management technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20charateristics" title=" waste charateristics"> waste charateristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60447/technologies-in-municipal-solid-waste-management-in-indian-towns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60447.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">321</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5113</span> Development of Environmentally Clean Construction Materials Using Industrial Waste from Kazakhstan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Galiya%20Zhanzakovna%20Alzhanova">Galiya Zhanzakovna Alzhanova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yelaman%20Kanatovich%20Aibuldinov"> Yelaman Kanatovich Aibuldinov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhanar%20Baktybaevna%20Iskakova"> Zhanar Baktybaevna Iskakova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaziz%20Galymovich%20Abdiyussupov">Gaziz Galymovich Abdiyussupov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Madi%20Toktasynuly%20Omirzak"> Madi Toktasynuly Omirzak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aizhan%20Doldashevna%20Gazizova"> Aizhan Doldashevna Gazizova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The sustainable use of industrial waste has recently increased due to increased environmental problems in landfills. One of the best ways to utilise waste is as a road base material. Industrial waste is a less costly and more efficient way to strengthen local soils than by introducing new additive materials. This study explored the feasibility of utilising red mud, blast furnace slag, and lime production waste to develop environmentally friendly construction materials for stabilising natural loam. Four different ratios of red mud (20, 30, and 40%), blast furnace slag (25, 30, and 35%), lime production waste (4, 6, and 8%), and varied amounts of natural loam were combined to produce nine different mixtures. The results showed that the sample with 40% red mud, 35% blast furnace slag, and 8% lime production waste had the highest strength. The sample's measured compressive strength for 90 days was 7.38 MPa, its water resistance for the same period was 7.12 MPa, and its frost resistance for the same period was 7.35 MP; low linear expansion met the requirements of the Kazakh regulations for first-class building materials. The study of mineral composition showed that there was no contamination with heavy metals or dangerous substances. Road base materials made of red mud, blast furnace slag, lime production waste, and natural loam mix can be employed because of their durability and environmental performance. The chemical and mineral composition of raw materials was determined using X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, and axial compressive strength were examined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blast%20furnace%20slag" title="blast furnace slag">blast furnace slag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lime%20production%20waste" title=" lime production waste"> lime production waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20loam%20stabilizing" title=" natural loam stabilizing"> natural loam stabilizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=red%20mud" title=" red mud"> red mud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20base%20material" title=" road base material"> road base material</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158206/development-of-environmentally-clean-construction-materials-using-industrial-waste-from-kazakhstan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158206.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5112</span> Thermodynamic Analysis and Experimental Study of Agricultural Waste Plasma Processing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20E.%20Messerle">V. E. Messerle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20B.%20Ustimenko"> A. B. Ustimenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20A.%20Lavrichshev"> O. A. Lavrichshev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A large amount of manure and its irrational use negatively affect the environment. As compared with biomass fermentation, plasma processing of manure enhances makes it possible to intensify the process of obtaining fuel gas, which consists mainly of synthesis gas (CO + H₂), and increase plant productivity by 150–200 times. This is achieved due to the high temperature in the plasma reactor and a multiple reduction in waste processing time. This paper examines the plasma processing of biomass using the example of dried mixed animal manure (dung with a moisture content of 30%). Characteristic composition of dung, wt.%: Н₂О – 30, С – 29.07, Н – 4.06, О – 32.08, S – 0.26, N – 1.22, P₂O₅ – 0.61, K₂O – 1.47, СаО – 0.86, MgO – 0.37. The thermodynamic code TERRA was used to numerically analyze dung plasma gasification and pyrolysis. Plasma gasification and pyrolysis of dung were analyzed in the temperature range 300–3,000 K and pressure 0.1 MPa for the following thermodynamic systems: 100% dung + 25% air (plasma gasification) and 100% dung + 25% nitrogen (plasma pyrolysis). Calculations were conducted to determine the composition of the gas phase, the degree of carbon gasification, and the specific energy consumption of the processes. At an optimum temperature of 1,500 K, which provides both complete gasification of dung carbon and the maximum yield of combustible components (99.4 vol.% during dung gasification and 99.5 vol.% during pyrolysis), and decomposition of toxic compounds of furan, dioxin, and benz(a)pyrene, the following composition of combustible gas was obtained, vol.%: СО – 29.6, Н₂ – 35.6, СО₂ – 5.7, N₂ – 10.6, H₂O – 17.9 (gasification) and СО – 30.2, Н₂ – 38.3, СО₂ – 4.1, N₂ – 13.3, H₂O – 13.6 (pyrolysis). The specific energy consumption of gasification and pyrolysis of dung at 1,500 K is 1.28 and 1.33 kWh/kg, respectively. An installation with a DC plasma torch with a rated power of 100 kW and a plasma reactor with a dung capacity of 50 kg/h was used for dung processing experiments. The dung was gasified in an air (or nitrogen during pyrolysis) plasma jet, which provided a mass-average temperature in the reactor volume of at least 1,600 K. The organic part of the dung was gasified, and the inorganic part of the waste was melted. For pyrolysis and gasification of dung, the specific energy consumption was 1.5 kWh/kg and 1.4 kWh/kg, respectively. The maximum temperature in the reactor reached 1,887 K. At the outlet of the reactor, a gas of the following composition was obtained, vol.%: СO – 25.9, H₂ – 32.9, СO₂ – 3.5, N₂ – 37.3 (pyrolysis in nitrogen plasma); СO – 32.6, H₂ – 24.1, СO₂ – 5.7, N₂ – 35.8 (air plasma gasification). The specific heat of combustion of the combustible gas formed during pyrolysis and plasma-air gasification of agricultural waste is 10,500 and 10,340 kJ/kg, respectively. Comparison of the integral indicators of dung plasma processing showed satisfactory agreement between the calculation and experiment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20waste" title="agricultural waste">agricultural waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experiment" title=" experiment"> experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasma%20gasification" title=" plasma gasification"> plasma gasification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermodynamic%20calculation" title=" thermodynamic calculation"> thermodynamic calculation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185728/thermodynamic-analysis-and-experimental-study-of-agricultural-waste-plasma-processing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/185728.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">40</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5111</span> Study of the Effect of Sewing on Non Woven Textile Waste at Dry and Composite Scales</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafa%20Baccouch">Wafa Baccouch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20Ghith"> Adel Ghith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xavier%20Legrand"> Xavier Legrand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faten%20Fayala"> Faten Fayala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Textile waste recycling has become a necessity considering the augmentation of the amount of waste generated each year and the ecological problems that landfilling and burning can cause. Textile waste can be recycled into many different forms according to its composition and its final utilization. Using this waste as reinforcement to composite panels is a new recycling area that is being studied. Compared to virgin fabrics, recycled ones present the disadvantage of having lower structural characteristics, when they are eco-friendly and with low cost. The objective of this work is transforming textile waste into composite material with good characteristic and low price. In this study, we used sewing as a method to improve the characteristics of the recycled textile waste in order to use it as reinforcement to composite material. Textile non-woven waste was afforded by a local textile recycling industry. Performances tests were evaluated using tensile testing machine and based on the testing direction for both reinforcements and composite panels; machine and transverse direction. Tensile tests were conducted on sewed and non sewed fabrics, and then they were used as reinforcements to composite panels via epoxy resin infusion method. Rule of mixtures is used to predict composite characteristics and then compared to experimental ones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20material" title="composite material">composite material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy%20resin" title=" epoxy resin"> epoxy resin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non%20woven%20waste" title=" non woven waste"> non woven waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sewing" title=" sewing"> sewing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile" title=" textile"> textile</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101055/study-of-the-effect-of-sewing-on-non-woven-textile-waste-at-dry-and-composite-scales" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101055.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">586</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5110</span> Flowback Fluids Treatment Technology with Water Recycling and Valuable Metals Recovery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monika%20Konieczy%C5%84ska">Monika Konieczyńska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanna%20Fajfer"> Joanna Fajfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olga%20Lipi%C5%84ska"> Olga Lipińska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Poland works related to the exploration and prospection of unconventional hydrocarbons (natural gas accumulated in the Silurian shale formations) started in 2007, based on the experience of the other countries that have created new possibilities for the use of existing hydrocarbons resources. The highly water-consuming process of hydraulic fracturing is required for the exploitation of shale gas which implies a need to ensure large volume of water available. As a result considerable amount of mining waste is generated, particularly liquid waste, i.e. flowback fluid with variable chemical composition. The chemical composition of the flowback fluid depends on the composition of the fracturing fluid and the chemistry of the fractured geological formations. Typically, flowback fluid is highly salinated, can be enriched in heavy metals, including rare earth elements, naturally occurring radioactive materials and organic compounds. The generated fluids considered as the extractive waste should be properly managed in the recovery or disposal facility. Problematic issue is both high hydration of waste as well as their variable chemical composition. Also the limited capacity of currently operating facilities is a growing problem. Based on the estimates, currently operating facilities will not be sufficient for the need of waste disposal when extraction of unconventional hydrocarbons starts. Further more, the content of metals in flowback fluids including rare earth elements is a considerable incentive to develop technology of metals recovery. Also recycling is a key factor in terms of selection of treatment process, which should provide that the thresholds required for reuse are met. The paper will present the study of the flowback fluids chemical composition, based on samples from hydraulic fracturing processes performed in Poland. The scheme of flowback fluid cleaning and recovering technology will be reviewed along with a discussion of the results and an assessment of environmental impact, including all generated by-products. The presented technology is innovative due to the metal recovery, as well as purified water supply for hydraulic fracturing process, which is significant contribution to reducing water consumption. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20impact" title="environmental impact">environmental impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flowback%20fluid" title=" flowback fluid"> flowback fluid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management%20of%20special%20waste%20streams" title=" management of special waste streams"> management of special waste streams</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metals%20recovery" title=" metals recovery"> metals recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shale%20gas" title=" shale gas"> shale gas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44605/flowback-fluids-treatment-technology-with-water-recycling-and-valuable-metals-recovery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20composition&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20composition&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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