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id="toc-Historical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-By_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>By country</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-By_country-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle By country subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-By_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Belgium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belgium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Belgium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belgium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bangladesh" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bangladesh"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Bangladesh</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bangladesh-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fiji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fiji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Fiji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fiji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iceland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iceland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Iceland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iceland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jersey" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jersey"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>Jersey</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jersey-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morocco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morocco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.12</span> <span>Morocco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morocco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.13</span> <span>Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.14</span> <span>Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Slovenia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slovenia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.15</span> <span>Slovenia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slovenia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Korea" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Korea"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.16</span> <span>South Korea</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Korea-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.17</span> <span>Spain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sri_Lanka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sri_Lanka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.18</span> <span>Sri Lanka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sri_Lanka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.19</span> <span>Ukraine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.20</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Northern_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northern_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.20.1</span> <span>Northern Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northern_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.21</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Juvenile_curfews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Juvenile_curfews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.21.1</span> <span>Juvenile curfews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Juvenile_curfews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mall_curfews" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mall_curfews"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.21.2</span> <span>Mall curfews</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mall_curfews-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Curfews_for_adults" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Curfews_for_adults"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.21.3</span> <span>Curfews for adults</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Curfews_for_adults-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Curfew</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 66 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B8%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84" title="حظر التجول – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حظر التجول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toque_de_queda" title="Toque de queda – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Toque de queda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komendant_saat%C4%B1" title="Komendant saatı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Komendant saatı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="সান্ধ্য আইন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সান্ধ্য আইন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jam_malam" title="Jam malam – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Jam malam" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Вечерен час – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Вечерен час" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keulfe" title="Keulfe – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Keulfe" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toc_de_queda" title="Toc de queda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Toc de queda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udgangsforbud" title="Udgangsforbud – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Udgangsforbud" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ausgangssperre" title="Ausgangssperre – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ausgangssperre" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komandanditund" title="Komandanditund – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Komandanditund" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%80%CE%B1%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%85%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%BA%CF%85%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Απαγόρευση κυκλοφορίας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Απαγόρευση κυκλοφορίας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toque_de_queda" title="Toque de queda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Toque de queda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elirblokado" title="Elirblokado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elirblokado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etxeratze-agindu" title="Etxeratze-agindu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Etxeratze-agindu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B9_%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%AF" title="منع رفت‌وآمد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="منع رفت‌وآمد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Couvre-feu" title="Couvre-feu – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Couvre-feu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuirfi%C3%BA" title="Cuirfiú – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cuirfiú" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toque_de_queda" title="Toque de queda – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Toque de queda" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%B5%ED%96%89%EA%B8%88%EC%A7%80%EB%A0%B9" title="통행금지령 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="통행금지령" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%AA%D5%A1%D5%B4" title="Պարետային ժամ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պարետային ժամ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82" title="कर्फ्यू – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कर्फ्यू" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policijski_sat" title="Policijski sat – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Policijski sat" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jam_malam" title="Jam malam – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jam malam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coprifuoco" title="Coprifuoco – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Coprifuoco" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A8" title="עוצר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עוצר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%82" title="ಕರ್ಫ್ಯೂ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕರ್ಫ್ಯೂ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="კომენდანტის საათი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კომენდანტის საათი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kouvrefe" title="Kouvrefe – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kouvrefe" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignitegium" title="Ignitegium – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ignitegium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komandantstunda" title="Komandantstunda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Komandantstunda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komendanto_valanda" title="Komendanto valanda – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Komendanto valanda" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aovendklok" title="Aovendklok – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Aovendklok" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ora_de_polizzia" title="Ora de polizzia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ora de polizzia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kij%C3%A1r%C3%A1si_tilalom_(jog)" title="Kijárási tilalom (jog) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kijárási tilalom (jog)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82" title="കർഫ്യൂ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കർഫ്യൂ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="संचारबंदी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="संचारबंदी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perintah_berkurung" title="Perintah berkurung – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Perintah berkurung" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avondklok" title="Avondklok – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Avondklok" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82" title="कर्फ्यू – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="कर्फ्यू" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%9C%E9%96%93%E5%A4%96%E5%87%BA%E7%A6%81%E6%AD%A2%E4%BB%A4" title="夜間外出禁止令 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="夜間外出禁止令" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portforbud" title="Portforbud – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Portforbud" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuerbefu%C3%B2c" title="Cuerbefuòc – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cuerbefuòc" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A" title="ਕਰਫਿਊ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਰਫਿਊ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%88" title="کرفیو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کرفیو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toke_de_keda" title="Toke de keda – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Toke de keda" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godzina_policyjna" title="Godzina policyjna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Godzina policyjna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toque_de_recolher" title="Toque de recolher – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Toque de recolher" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Комендантский час – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Комендантский час" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coberrefogu" title="Coberrefogu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Coberrefogu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curfew" title="Curfew – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Curfew" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policijska_ura" title="Policijska ura – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Policijska ura" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Полицијски час – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Полицијски час" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policijski_sat" title="Policijski sat – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Policijski sat" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulkonaliikkumiskielto" title="Ulkonaliikkumiskielto – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ulkonaliikkumiskielto" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uteg%C3%A5ngsf%C3%B6rbud" title="Utegångsförbud – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Utegångsförbud" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curfew" title="Curfew – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Curfew" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="ஊரடங்கு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஊரடங்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7" title="เคอร์ฟิว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เคอร์ฟิว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soka%C4%9Fa_%C3%A7%C4%B1kma_yasa%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Sokağa çıkma yasağı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sokağa çıkma yasağı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Комендантська година – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Комендантська година" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%88" title="کرفیو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کرفیو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%87nh_gi%E1%BB%9Bi_nghi%C3%AAm" title="Lệnh giới nghiêm – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lệnh giới nghiêm" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%B5%E7%A6%81" title="宵禁 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="宵禁" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%B5%E7%A6%81" title="宵禁 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="宵禁" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%B5%E7%A6%81" title="宵禁 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="宵禁" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q223625#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Curfew_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Curfew (disambiguation)">Curfew (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 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.ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Cleanup plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Cleanup" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article may <b>require <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">cleanup</a></b> to meet Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">quality standards</a>. The specific problem is: <b>Too much content (in 'By country') on recent COVID-19 pandemic instead of curfews as a whole throughout history.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Curfew" title="Special:EditPage/Curfew">improve this article</a> if you can.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curfew_Patrol_(49985847162).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Curfew_Patrol_%2849985847162%29.jpg/220px-Curfew_Patrol_%2849985847162%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Curfew_Patrol_%2849985847162%29.jpg/330px-Curfew_Patrol_%2849985847162%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Curfew_Patrol_%2849985847162%29.jpg/440px-Curfew_Patrol_%2849985847162%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5568" data-file-height="3712" /></a><figcaption>Armed police enforce a curfew in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta, Georgia</a>, during the 2020 <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a>.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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#aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Activities</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bailey_v._Drexel_Furniture_Co." title="Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co.">Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co.</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Labor_Deterrence_Act" title="Child Labor Deterrence Act">Child Labor Deterrence Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Online_Privacy_Protection_Act" title="Children's Online Privacy Protection Act">Children's Online Privacy Protection Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kids_Online_Safety_Act" title="Kids Online Safety Act">Kids Online Safety Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" title="Convention on the Rights of the Child">Convention on the Rights of the Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Labor_Standards_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Fair Labor Standards Act">Fair Labor Standards Act</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hammer_v._Dagenhart" title="Hammer v. Dagenhart">Hammer v. 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Frederick</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsboys%27_strike_of_1899" title="Newsboys' strike of 1899">Newsboys' strike of 1899</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Prez_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prez (comics)">Prez</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Charter_of_Human_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms">Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wild_in_the_Streets" title="Wild in the Streets">Wild in the Streets</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Theory / concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adultcentrism" title="Adultcentrism">Adultcentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adultism" 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var(--color-base)">Issues</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adolescent_sexuality" title="Adolescent sexuality">Adolescent sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_candidacy" title="Age of candidacy">Age of candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent" title="Age of consent">Age of consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent_reform" title="Age of consent reform">Age of consent reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_majority" title="Age of majority">Age of majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Age of marriage">Age of marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behavior_modification_facility" title="Behavior modification facility">Behavior modification facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour" title="Child labour">Child labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_in_the_military" title="Children in the military">Children in the military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_marriage" title="Child marriage">Child marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_education" title="Compulsory education">Compulsory education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporal_punishment" title="Corporal punishment">Corporal punishment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corporal_punishment_in_the_home" title="Corporal punishment in the home">at home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_corporal_punishment" title="School corporal punishment">at school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_corporal_punishment_laws" title="Child corporal punishment laws">in law</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curfew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_abuse" title="Child abuse">Child abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emancipation_of_minors" title="Emancipation of minors">Emancipation of minors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_age" title="Gambling age">Gambling age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_and_youth_sport" title="Human rights and youth sport">Human rights and youth sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_loco_parentis" title="In loco parentis">In loco parentis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juvenile_delinquency" title="Juvenile delinquency">Juvenile delinquency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juvenile_court" title="Juvenile court">Juvenile court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juvenile_law" title="Juvenile law">Juvenile law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_drinking_age" title="Legal drinking age">Legal drinking age</a> (<a href="/wiki/U.S._history_of_alcohol_minimum_purchase_age_by_state" title="U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by state">U.S. history</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_working_age" title="Legal working age">Legal working age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_minimum_driving_ages" title="List of minimum driving ages">Minimum driving age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriageable_age" title="Marriageable age">Marriageable age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minor_(law)" title="Minor (law)">Minor (law)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minors_and_abortion" title="Minors and abortion">Minors and abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restavec" class="mw-redirect" title="Restavec">Restavec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/School_leaving_age" class="mw-redirect" title="School leaving age">School leaving age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoking age">Smoking age</a> (<a href="/wiki/U.S._history_of_tobacco_minimum_purchase_age_by_state" title="U.S. history of tobacco minimum purchase age by state">U.S. history</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Status_offense" title="Status offense">Status offense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_consumption_by_youth_in_the_United_States" title="Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States">Underage drinking in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voting_age" title="Voting age">Voting age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth-adult_partnership" title="Youth-adult partnership">Youth-adult partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_participation" title="Youth participation">Youth participation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_politics" title="Youth politics">Youth politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_unemployment" title="Youth unemployment">Youth unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_vote_in_the_United_States" title="Youth vote in the United States">Youth voting</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child">United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akt_(charity)" title="Akt (charity)">Akt</a></li> <li>Americans for a Society Free from Age Restrictions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Youth_for_Choice" title="Canadian Youth for Choice">Canadian Youth for Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_des_droits_de_la_personne_et_des_droits_de_la_jeunesse" title="Commission des droits de la personne et des droits de la jeunesse">Human Rights and Youth Rights Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Cents" title="Common Cents">Common Cents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Alliance_for_the_Ethical_Treatment_of_Youth" title="Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth">Community Alliance for the Ethical Treatment of Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DoSomething" title="DoSomething">DoSomething</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Coalition" title="Future Coalition">Future Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Youth_Action_Network" title="Global Youth Action Network">Global Youth Action Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_Democrats_of_America" title="High School Democrats of America">High School Democrats of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Youth_Climate_Network" title="Indian Youth Climate Network">Indian Youth Climate Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Falcon_Movement_%E2%80%93_Socialist_Educational_International" title="International Falcon Movement – Socialist Educational International">International Falcon Movement – Socialist Educational International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mermaids_(charity)" title="Mermaids (charity)">Mermaids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Students_LGBT%2B_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="National Union of Students LGBT+ Campaign">National Union of Students LGBT+ Campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Youth_Rights_Association" title="National Youth Rights Association">National Youth Rights Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_World_Youth_Project" title="One World Youth Project">One World Youth Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_Youth_Network" title="Queer Youth Network">Queer Youth Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society" title="Students for a Democratic Society">Students for a Democratic Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freechild_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Freechild Project">Freechild Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_O%27Clock_Lobby" title="Three O'Clock Lobby">Three O'Clock Lobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Youth_Parliament" title="UK Youth Parliament">UK Youth Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_International_Party" title="Youth International Party">Youth International Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Liberation_of_Ann_Arbor" title="Youth Liberation of Ann Arbor">Youth Liberation of Ann Arbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Youth_Cafe" title="The Youth Cafe">The Youth Cafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Communist_League_of_Canada" title="Young Communist League of Canada">Young Communist League of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Democrats_of_America" title="Young Democrats of America">Young Democrats of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Federation_of_Democratic_Youth" title="World Federation of Democratic Youth">World Federation of Democratic Youth</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">People</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Fletcher_(activist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam Fletcher (activist)">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Hanson" title="David J. Hanson">Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Joseph_Henry" class="mw-redirect" title="David Joseph Henry">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Holt_(educator)" title="John Holt (educator)">Holt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Koroknay-Palicz" title="Alex Koroknay-Palicz">Koroknay-Palicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyn_Duff" title="Lyn Duff">Duff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_A._Males" title="Mike A. Males">Males</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Postman" title="Neil Postman">Postman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Yaco" title="Sonia Yaco">Yaco</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ages_of_consent_in_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ages of consent in Asia">Ages of consent in Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ages_of_consent_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Ages of consent in Europe">Ages of consent in Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ages_of_consent_in_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Ages of consent in North America">Ages of consent in North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ages_of_consent_in_Oceania" class="mw-redirect" title="Ages of consent in Oceania">Ages of consent in Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ages_of_consent_in_South_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Ages of consent in South America">Ages of consent in South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ages_of_consent_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Ages of consent in the United States">Ages of consent in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_rights" title="Animal rights">Animal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">Direct democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_petition_against_age_of_consent_laws" class="mw-redirect" title="French petition against age of consent laws">French petition against age of consent laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_tattooing_in_European_countries" title="Legal status of tattooing in European countries">Legal status of tattooing in European countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_tattooing_in_the_United_States" title="Legal status of tattooing in the United States">Legal status of tattooing in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Student_rights" title="Student rights">Students' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Olympic_Games" title="Youth Olympic Games">Youth Olympic Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_sports" title="Youth sports">Youth sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_wing" title="Youth wing">Youth wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="hlist"><ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/HumanRightsLogo.svg/26px-HumanRightsLogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/HumanRightsLogo.svg/39px-HumanRightsLogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/HumanRightsLogo.svg/52px-HumanRightsLogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="125" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Youth_rights" title="Category:Youth rights">Youth rights</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/32px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/48px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/64px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Youth_rights_sidebar" title="Template:Youth rights sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Youth_rights_sidebar" title="Template talk:Youth rights sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Youth_rights_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Youth rights sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> A <b>curfew</b> is an order that imposes certain regulations during specified hours.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Typically, curfews order all people affected by them to remain indoors during the evening and nighttime hours.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such an order is most often issued by public authorities, but may also be given by the owner of a house to those living in the household. For instance, children are often given curfews by their parents, and an <a href="/wiki/Au_pair" title="Au pair">au pair</a> is traditionally given a curfew by which time he or she must return to his or her host family's home. Some jurisdictions have juvenile curfews which affect all persons under a certain age not accompanied by an adult or engaged in certain approved activities. </p><p>Curfews have been used as a control measure in <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">martial law</a>, as well as for public safety in the event of a disaster, <a href="/wiki/Epidemic" title="Epidemic">epidemic</a>, or crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various countries have implemented such measures throughout history, including during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>. The enforcement of curfews has been found to disproportionately affect <a href="/wiki/Social_marginalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Social marginalisation">marginalised</a> groups, including those who are <a href="/wiki/Homelessness" title="Homelessness">homeless</a> or have limited access to transportation.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, curfews were implemented in several countries, including France, Italy, Poland and Australia, as a measure to limit the spread of the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, recent studies have reported negligible or no effect,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and even a potential increase in virus transmission.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The use and enforcement of curfews during the pandemic has been associated with human rights violations and <a href="/wiki/Mental_health" title="Mental health">mental health</a> deterioration, further complicating their use as a control measure.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Curfews may also impact <a href="/wiki/Road_traffic_safety" title="Road traffic safety">road safety</a>, as studies indicate a potential decrease in crashes during curfew hours but an increase in crashes before curfew due to rushing.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curfew_-_17th_century_-_V%26A_94-1891.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Curfew_-_17th_century_-_V%26A_94-1891.jpg/220px-Curfew_-_17th_century_-_V%26A_94-1891.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Curfew_-_17th_century_-_V%26A_94-1891.jpg/330px-Curfew_-_17th_century_-_V%26A_94-1891.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Curfew_-_17th_century_-_V%26A_94-1891.jpg/440px-Curfew_-_17th_century_-_V%26A_94-1891.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2921" data-file-height="2922" /></a><figcaption>A 17th century "curfew", used to cover a fire at night</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:400px; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>Between the evening twilight and the grayness before dawn one can hardly make out the walls of the houses, for there is no lighting in the medieval city as we said. At evening curfew the women cover the coals in the <a href="/wiki/Hearth" title="Hearth">hearth</a> with ash to reduce the fire hazard. The houses are built with beams of <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> and every one is a potential tinderbox waiting to blaze up, so at night the only flames left burning are the candles before the <a href="/wiki/Religious_images_in_Christian_theology" title="Religious images in Christian theology">holy images</a>. Why would the streets need to be lit anyway? In the evening the entrances to the dangerous neighborhoods are barred, <a href="/wiki/Boom_(navigational_barrier)" title="Boom (navigational barrier)">chains</a> are stretched across the river to prevent a surprise attack from barbarian raiders coming upstream, and the <a href="/wiki/City_gate" title="City gate">city gates</a> are locked tight. The city is like one big household, with everything well secured. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Arsenio_Frugoni" title="Arsenio Frugoni">Arsenio Frugoni</a>, Quoted in <i>Urban Space in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age</i><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></p> </div> <p>The word "curfew" <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span></span>/</a></span></span> comes from the <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> phrase "<i>couvre-feu</i>", which means "cover fire".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was later adopted into <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> as "curfeu", which later became the modern "curfew".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its original meaning refers to a law by <a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William the Conqueror</a> that all lights and fires should be covered to extinction at the ringing of an eight o'clock bell to prevent the spread of destructive fire within communities in timber buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the same derivation a "curfew" also refers to a device used to cover the embers of a fire at night, allowing it to be re-ignited more easily in the morning.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical">Historical</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Historical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Curfew_bell#History" title="Curfew bell">Curfew bell § History</a></div> <p>Curfews have been used since the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> to limit uprisings among subordinate groups, including Anglo-Saxons under <a href="/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" title="William the Conqueror">William the Conqueror</a>. Prior to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Civil War">U.S. Civil War</a>, most Southern states placed a curfew on slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-Baldwin_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baldwin-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 603">: 603 </span></sup> </p><p>Modern curfews primarily focus on youth as well as during periods of war and other crisis. In the United States, progressive reformers pushed for curfews on youth, successfully securing bans on children's nighttime presence on streets in cities such as <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville</a>, Kentucky and <a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln</a>, Nebraska. General curfews were also put into place after crises such as the 1871 Chicago Fire.<sup id="cite_ref-Baldwin_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baldwin-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 603–605">: 603–605 </span></sup> </p><p>Wartime curfews were also implemented during the First and Second World Wars. A formal curfew introduced by the British board of trade ordered shops and entertainment establishments to extinguish their lights by 10:30 p.m. to save fuel during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>An order issued by public authorities or military forces requiring everyone or certain people to be indoors at certain times, often at night. It can be imposed to maintain public order (as was the case with the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_blackout_of_2003" title="Northeast blackout of 2003">northeast blackout of 2003</a>, the <a href="/wiki/2005_French_riots" title="2005 French riots">2005 French riots</a>, the <a href="/wiki/2010_Chile_earthquake" title="2010 Chile earthquake">2010 Chile earthquake</a>, the <a href="/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution" title="2011 Egyptian revolution">2011 Egyptian revolution</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ferguson_unrest" title="Ferguson unrest">2014 Ferguson unrest</a>), or suppress targeted groups. Curfews have long been directed at certain groups in many cities or states, such as <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Americans" title="Japanese Americans">Japanese-American</a> university students on the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast of the United States</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, African-Americans in many towns during the time of <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a>, or people younger than a certain age (usually within a few years either side of 18) in many towns of the United States since the 1980s. In recent times, curfews have been imposed by many countries during disease epidemics or <a href="/wiki/Pandemic" title="Pandemic">pandemics</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>; see below.</li> <li>A rule set for a child or teenager by their parents or <a href="/wiki/Legal_guardian" title="Legal guardian">legal guardians</a>, requiring them to return home by a specific time, usually in the evening or night. This may apply daily, or vary with the day of the week, e.g., if the minor has to go to school the next day.</li> <li>An order by the head of household to a domestic assistant such as an au pair or <a href="/wiki/Nanny" title="Nanny">nanny</a>. The domestic assistant must then return home by a specific time.</li> <li>A daily requirement for guests to return to their <a href="/wiki/Hostel" title="Hostel">hostel</a> before a specified time, usually in the evening or night.</li> <li>A daily requirement that a person subject to a <a href="/wiki/Court_order" title="Court order">court order</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Probation" title="Probation">probation</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bail" title="Bail">bail</a> conditions, must return to their home before a certain hour and be inside it until a certain hour of the morning.</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a>, a time after which a game must end, or play be suspended. For example, in the <a href="/wiki/American_League" title="American League">American League</a> the curfew rule for many years decreed that no <a href="/wiki/Innings" title="Innings">inning</a> could begin after 1 am local time (with the exception of international games).</li> <li>In aeronautics, <a href="/wiki/Night_flying_restrictions" title="Night flying restrictions">night flying restrictions</a> may restrict aircraft operations over a defined period in the nighttime, to limit the disruption of <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_noise" class="mw-redirect" title="Aircraft noise">aircraft noise</a> on the sleep of nearby residents. Notable examples are the London airports of <a href="/wiki/London_Heathrow_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="London Heathrow Airport">Heathrow</a>, <a href="/wiki/London_Gatwick_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="London Gatwick Airport">Gatwick</a> and <a href="/wiki/London_Stansted_Airport" title="London Stansted Airport">Stansted</a>, which operate under the <a href="/wiki/Quota_Count_system" title="Quota Count system">Quota Count system</a>.</li> <li>In a few locations in the UK, patrons of licensed premises may not enter after a "curfew" time, also known as "last orders". In <a href="/wiki/Inverclyde" title="Inverclyde">Inverclyde</a>, for example, this is currently set at 12:00 am.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In many boarding schools, students are usually ordered by school staff to stay in their dormitories at night.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="By_country">By country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: By country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Curfew_in_Tel_Aviv_H_ih_039.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Curfew_in_Tel_Aviv_H_ih_039.JPG/220px-Curfew_in_Tel_Aviv_H_ih_039.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Curfew_in_Tel_Aviv_H_ih_039.JPG/330px-Curfew_in_Tel_Aviv_H_ih_039.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Curfew_in_Tel_Aviv_H_ih_039.JPG/440px-Curfew_in_Tel_Aviv_H_ih_039.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3442" data-file-height="2464" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British</a> paratroopers enforce curfew in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> after <a href="/wiki/King_David_Hotel_bombing" title="King David Hotel bombing">King David Hotel bombing</a>, July 1946. Photographer: Haim Fine, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Russian_Emmanuel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Russian Emmanuel (page does not exist)">Russian Emmanuel</a> collection, from collections of the <a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Israel" title="National Library of Israel">National Library of Israel</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CurfewPalestine_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/CurfewPalestine_01.jpg/220px-CurfewPalestine_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/CurfewPalestine_01.jpg/330px-CurfewPalestine_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/CurfewPalestine_01.jpg/440px-CurfewPalestine_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1788" data-file-height="1196" /></a><figcaption>Movement and curfew pass, issued under the authority of the British Military Commander, East Palestine, 1946</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 17 August 2011, a nighttime curfew was imposed on children who had run amok in the streets of Victoria after repeating youth offenses.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 2 August 2020, following the surge of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> cases in <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a>, especially in Melbourne, <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_Victoria" title="Premier of Victoria">Victorian premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Andrews" title="Daniel Andrews">Daniel Andrews</a> declared a state of disaster across the state and imposed stage 4 lockdown in Metropolitan <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>. The new measures included nighttime curfew, which was implemented across Melbourne from 20:00 to 05:00 (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_Australia" title="Time in Australia">AEST</a>). The restrictions came into effect at 18:00 (6 pm) and lasted until 28 September 2020 (5 am).<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 16 August 2021, following a surge of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> cases and a drop in compliance in restrictions in <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a>, especially in Melbourne, Victorian Premier Daniel Andrews reinstated the curfew in Melbourne, this time from 21:00 to 05:00 (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_Australia" title="Time in Australia">AEST</a>) effective midnight 17 August 2021 until at least 2 September 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 20 August 2021, as <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> cases continued to surge in <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Premier_of_NSW" class="mw-redirect" title="Premier of NSW">NSW Premier</a> <a href="/wiki/Gladys_Berejiklian" title="Gladys Berejiklian">Gladys Berejiklian</a> imposed a curfew in the local government areas of Bayside, Blacktown, Burwood, Campbelltown, Canterbury-Bankstown, Cumberland, Fairfield, Georges River, Liverpool, Parramatta, Strathfield, and parts of Penrith, from 9:00 pm to 5:00 am (AEST) beginning from 23 August.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Belgium">Belgium</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Belgium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Belgium" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium">COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium</a></div> <p>On 17 October 2020, due to surge of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> cases and deaths in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Alexander_De_Croo" title="Alexander De Croo">Alexander De Croo</a> announced a nationwide curfew from midnight to 05:00 am local time. The curfew was imposed on 19 October 2020 and was to last for four weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government also announced the closure of cafes, bars and restaurants for one month and alcohol sales were banned after 8:00 pm local time.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bangladesh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/2024_Bangladesh_quota_reform_movement" title="2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement">2024 Bangladesh quota reform movement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Non-cooperation_movement_(2024)" title="Non-cooperation movement (2024)">Non-cooperation movement (2024)</a></div> <p>On 19 July 2024 <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh government">Bangladesh government</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> declared a national curfew and announced plans to deploy the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Army" title="Bangladesh Army">army</a> to tackle the country’s worst unrest in a decade.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government announced the imposition of a curfew after days of clashes at protests against government job quotas across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 4th August 2024 <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangladesh government">Bangladesh government</a> declared a curfew again following the deadliest day of the protest with Mass shooting and a violent crackdown on the Non Cooperation Movement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Canada" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Canada">COVID-19 pandemic in Canada</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fermeture_d%C3%A9panneur_couvre-feu_au_Qu%C3%A9bec_(Covid-19).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Fermeture_d%C3%A9panneur_couvre-feu_au_Qu%C3%A9bec_%28Covid-19%29.jpg/220px-Fermeture_d%C3%A9panneur_couvre-feu_au_Qu%C3%A9bec_%28Covid-19%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Fermeture_d%C3%A9panneur_couvre-feu_au_Qu%C3%A9bec_%28Covid-19%29.jpg/330px-Fermeture_d%C3%A9panneur_couvre-feu_au_Qu%C3%A9bec_%28Covid-19%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Fermeture_d%C3%A9panneur_couvre-feu_au_Qu%C3%A9bec_%28Covid-19%29.jpg/440px-Fermeture_d%C3%A9panneur_couvre-feu_au_Qu%C3%A9bec_%28Covid-19%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1480" data-file-height="1060" /></a><figcaption>Sign in a <a href="/wiki/Montr%C3%A9al" class="mw-redirect" title="Montréal">Montréal</a> store window indicating that the store would close early due to curfew (2021).</figcaption></figure> <p>On 6 January 2021, due to a surge of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> cases and deaths in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Quebec">province of Quebec</a>, a curfew was ordered by the premier of Quebec <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Legault" title="François Legault">François Legault</a>. The curfew was adjusted for different areas of the province depending on the number of cases, amongst other criteria. The more populous areas, such as the urban areas of Montréal and Quebec City qualified as "red zones" and were placed under a curfew from 8 pm to 5 am while the less urban areas were either "orange zones" with a curfew from 9:30 pm to 5 am. This curfew was expected to be in effect from 9 January up to and including 8 February 2021. "Yellow zones" did not have curfew. However, the curfew did not end in February. It ended on May 28, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On December 30, 2021, Quebec reinstated the nightly curfew this time starting at 10:00 pm to 5:00 am.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the reinstatement of the curfew, studies came out doubting its effectiveness in lowering the transmission of COVID-19.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Egypt">Egypt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 28 January 2011, during the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_revolution_of_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian revolution of 2011">Egyptian Revolution</a> and following the collapse of the police system, President <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a> declared a country-wide military enforced curfew.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it was ignored by demonstrators who continued their sit-in in Tahrir Square. Concerned residents formed neighborhood vigilante groups to defend their communities against looters and the newly escaped prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the second anniversary of the revolution, in January 2013, a wave of demonstrations swept the country against President <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi" title="Mohamed Morsi">Mohamed Morsi</a> who declared a curfew in <a href="/wiki/Port_Said" title="Port Said">Port Said</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isma%C3%AFlia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ismaïlia">Ismaïlia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Suez" title="Suez">Suez</a>, three cities where deadly street clashes had occurred. In defiance, the locals took to the streets during the curfew,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> organizing football tournaments and street festivals,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> prohibiting police and military forces from enforcing the curfew. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fiji">Fiji</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fiji"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Fiji" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji">COVID-19 pandemic in Fiji</a></div> <p>On 27 March 2020, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Frank_Bainimarama" title="Frank Bainimarama">Frank Bainimarama</a> announced a nationwide curfew from 10 p.m. to 5 a.m. that would take effect on 30 March. The times have been adjusted forward and backward on several occasions, but as of January 2022, this curfew is still in effect.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government of Fiji maintains that this curfew will stay in effect for the foreseeable future.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_France" title="COVID-19 pandemic in France">COVID-19 pandemic in France</a></div> <p>On 14 October 2020, following the surge of COVID-19 cases and deaths in France that threatened to overwhelm hospitals, French President <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a> declared a national <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of public health emergency</a> for the second time and imposed a nighttime curfew in the <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a> region that includes Paris, as well as <a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint-Etienne" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Etienne">Saint-Etienne</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a>. The curfew ran from 09:00 pm to 06:00 am local time (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>) (08:00 pm to 05:00 am <a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>) and was implemented from 17 October 2020 to last four weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the rules, people in those cities could only leave their homes for essential reasons,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and anyone who violated the curfew would face a fine of 135 euros ($158.64) for the first offence. A second offence would bring a far steeper fine of 1,500 euros, or around $1,762.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 23 October, the curfew was expanded to 38 <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">departments</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a>. In total, 54 departments and one overseas collectivity were affected by new restrictions, comprising 46 million people, or two-thirds of the French population.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iceland">Iceland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Iceland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>'s Child Protection Act (no. 80/2002 Art. 92),<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> minors aged 12 and under may not be outdoors after 20:00 (8:00 pm) unless accompanied by an adult. Minors aged 13 to 16 may not be outdoors after 22:00 (10:00 pm), unless on their way home from a recognized event organized by a school, sports organization or youth club. During the period 1 May to 1 September, children may be outdoors for two hours longer. </p><p>Children and teenagers that break curfew are taken to the local police station and police officers tell their parents to come and get them. The age limits are based upon year of birth, not date of birth. If a parent cannot be reached, the child or teenager is taken to a shelter. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several medieval towns in Ireland had a curfew after the English model. In <a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a> a curfew bell was rung every night before the town gates were locked.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Kilkenny" title="Kilkenny">Kilkenny</a> the <a href="/wiki/Watchman_(law_enforcement)" title="Watchman (law enforcement)">night watchmen</a> stood guard over the market stalls "from curfew to <a href="/wiki/Cockcrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Cockcrow">cockcrow</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 1916 <a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a>, Dublin was under curfew between 7:30 p.m. and 5:30 am.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a> curfews were regularly imposed, including in 1920 in Dublin between midnight and 5 am. Curfew between 9 p.m. and 3 a.m. was imposed on <a href="/wiki/Cork_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Cork City">Cork City</a> in July 1920 after the shooting of <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Smyth" title="Gerald Smyth">Gerald Smyth</a>; in August it was extended to many parts of <a href="/wiki/Munster" title="Munster">Munster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1921 <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a> was under a curfew.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1921, Dublin's curfew began at 10 pm, moved to 9 p.m on 4 March.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>, a restriction on movement order may be placed on an offender, which may include a curfew element.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Italy">Italy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Italy" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Italy">COVID-19 pandemic in Italy</a></div> <p>In Italy a curfew went into effect from October 2020 to limit the spread of COVID-19. Between 22 and 26 October 2020 <a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a>, Campania, <a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a>, Sicily, <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a> imposed a curfew between 11.00 pm and 5.00 am, so any movement was prohibited.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the ministerial decree of 3 November 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> corrected with the DPCM of 3 December 2020,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 14 January 2021,<sup id="cite_ref-:4_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Italian Regions are grouped into three types of different epidemiological scenarios. A curfew is instituted nationwide from 10 pm to 5 am, shopping centers are ordered to close on weekends, and the use of distance learning for high schools.<sup id="cite_ref-:72_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:72-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There have been many protests and riots against the curfew nationwide since it came into effect. However, the curfew has not been lifted by the government.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jersey">Jersey</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Jersey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bekanntmachung_1942_curfew_Jersey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Bekanntmachung_1942_curfew_Jersey.jpg/220px-Bekanntmachung_1942_curfew_Jersey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Bekanntmachung_1942_curfew_Jersey.jpg/330px-Bekanntmachung_1942_curfew_Jersey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Bekanntmachung_1942_curfew_Jersey.jpg/440px-Bekanntmachung_1942_curfew_Jersey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1313" data-file-height="1255" /></a><figcaption>Notice of a curfew in Jersey, 1942.</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_the_Channel_Islands" title="German occupation of the Channel Islands">German occupation of the Channel Islands</a>, curfews were imposed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Morocco">Morocco</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Morocco"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Morocco" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco">COVID-19 pandemic in Morocco</a></div> <p>On 21 December 2020, the government of Morocco first announced a nationwide nighttime curfew as part of its response to the COVID-19 pandemic, to come into effect on 23 December.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Initially implemented for a three-week period from 9:00 pm–6:00 am, it was extended throughout 2021 alongside the state of health emergency, with hours altered during <a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramadan</a> (8:00 pm–6:00 am),<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and from May to early August (11:00 pm–4:30 am).<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The curfew was lifted on 10 November 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Netherlands" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands">COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands</a> and <a href="/wiki/2021_Dutch_curfew_riots" title="2021 Dutch curfew riots">2021 Dutch curfew riots</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samenscholingen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Samenscholingen.jpg/220px-Samenscholingen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Samenscholingen.jpg/330px-Samenscholingen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Samenscholingen.jpg/440px-Samenscholingen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3085" data-file-height="2370" /></a><figcaption>Poster from September 1944 in <a href="/wiki/German-occupied_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="German-occupied Netherlands">German-occupied Netherlands</a>, announcing a curfew between 8 p.m. and 4 a.m.</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, a curfew from 9:00 pm to 4:30 am local time went into effect on 23 January 2021 to limit the spread of COVID-19.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Across the first two nights, 5,765 people were given the 95 euro fine for disobeying the curfew.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nationwide <a href="/wiki/2021_Dutch_curfew_riots" title="2021 Dutch curfew riots">anti-curfew riots</a> occurred from 23 until 26 January, resulting in the arrests of over 575 people. On 8 February, the government announced an extension of the curfew until 2 March.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The curfew was lifted on April 28, 2021<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has not been reinstated since then. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poland">Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Militsiya_hour" class="mw-redirect" title="Militsiya hour">Militsiya hour</a></div> <p>A strict nationwide curfew was imposed in December 1981 following the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Martial_law_in_Poland" title="Martial law in Poland">Martial law in Poland</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slovenia">Slovenia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Slovenia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovenia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia">COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, a curfew was implemented in February 1942 in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Ljubljana" title="Province of Ljubljana">area occupied by Italy</a> during World War II. More recently, it was imposed in October 2020 during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Slovenia" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Slovenia">COVID-19 epidemic</a> to limit the spread of the virus.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The curfew, which was referred to as the "epidemiological curfew," was enforced from 20 October 2020 to 12 April 2021, from 9:00 pm to 6:00 am local time, for a total of 174 days.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The measure was recommended by the government's COVID-19 expert group and enforced under the Infectious Diseases Act. The curfew was criticized by some experts as unnecessary and was challenged for its potential violation of <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2023, the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Slovenia" title="Constitutional Court of Slovenia">Constitutional Court</a> declined to assess the curfew regulations as no longer valid, although a concern has been raised that similar measures may be implemented in the future.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Korea">South Korea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: South Korea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In South Korea, a curfew was imposed following the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Military_Government_in_Korea" title="United States Army Military Government in Korea">American military occupation</a> and end of Japanese colonial rule in 1945. It remained in place throughout the <a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a> and decades thereafter until it was lifted on 4 January 1982 under the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Chun_Doo-hwan" title="Chun Doo-hwan">Chun Doo-hwan</a>, a few months after the capital Seoul was awarded host of the <a href="/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics" title="1988 Summer Olympics">1988 Summer Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spain">Spain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">COVID-19 pandemic in Spain</a></div> <p>In Spain, a curfew was imposed from 11:00 pm to 6:00 am local time on 25 October 2020 to limit the spread of COVID-19, in addition to some <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous Communities">Autonomous Communities</a> starting the curfew at 10:00 pm.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sri_Lanka">Sri Lanka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Sri Lanka"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Police" title="Sri Lanka Police">Sri Lanka Police</a> are empowered to declare and enforce a <i>Police Curfew</i> in any <a href="/wiki/Police_station" title="Police station">police area</a> for any particular period to maintain the peace, law and order under the <i>Police Ordinance</i>. Under the <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency#Sri_Lanka" title="State of emergency">emergency regulations</a> of the <i>Public Security Ordinance</i>, the President may declare a curfew over the whole or over any part of the country. Travel is restricted, during a curfew, to authorised persons such as police, armed forces personal and public officers. Civilians may gain a <a href="/wiki/Curfew_Pass" class="mw-redirect" title="Curfew Pass">Curfew Pass</a> from a police station to travel during a curfew. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dan_Hadani_collection_(990044355850205171).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990044355850205171%29.jpg/220px-Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990044355850205171%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990044355850205171%29.jpg/330px-Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990044355850205171%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990044355850205171%29.jpg/440px-Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990044355850205171%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3167" data-file-height="2047" /></a><figcaption>Enforcing a curfew in <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a>, 1969</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ukraine">Ukraine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Ukraine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the ongoing <a href="/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, curfews are imposed in all <a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Ukraine" title="Oblasts of Ukraine">oblasts of Ukraine</a> except <a href="/wiki/Zakarpattia_Oblast" title="Zakarpattia Oblast">Zakarpattia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> usually lasting from 12 am to 5 am, although may differ depending on specific oblast. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>'s 2003 Anti-Social Behaviour Act created zones that allow police from 9 pm to 6 am to hold and escort home unaccompanied minors under the age of 16, whether badly behaved or not. Although hailed as a success,<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Justice" title="High Court of Justice">High Court</a> ruled in one particular case that the law did not give the police a power of arrest, and officers could not force someone to come with them. On appeal the court of appeal held that the act gave police powers to escort minors home only if they are involved in, or at risk from, actual or imminently anticipated bad behaviour.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a few towns in the United Kingdom, the <a href="/wiki/Curfew_bell" title="Curfew bell">curfew bell</a> is still rung as a continuation of the medieval tradition where the bell used to be rung from the <a href="/wiki/Parish_church" title="Parish church">parish church</a> to guide travelers safely towards a town or village as darkness fell, or when bad weather made it difficult to follow trackways and for the villagers to extinguish their lights and fires as a safety measure to combat accidental fires. Until 1100 it was against the law to burn any lights after the ringing of the curfew bell. In Morpeth, the curfew is rung each night at 8 pm from <a href="/wiki/Morpeth_Clock_Tower" title="Morpeth Clock Tower">Morpeth Clock Tower</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Chertsey" title="Chertsey">Chertsey</a>, it is rung at 8 pm, from <a href="/wiki/Michaelmas" title="Michaelmas">Michaelmas</a> to <a href="/wiki/Lady_Day" title="Lady Day">Lady Day</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A short story concerning the Chertsey curfew, set in 1471, and entitled "<a href="/wiki/Blanche_Heriot" title="Blanche Heriot">Blanche Heriot</a>. A legend of old <a href="/wiki/Chertsey" title="Chertsey">Chertsey</a> Church" was published by Albert Richard Smith in 1843, and formed a basis for the poem "<a href="/wiki/Curfew_Must_Not_Ring_Tonight" title="Curfew Must Not Ring Tonight">Curfew Must Not Ring Tonight</a>". At Castleton in the Peak District, the curfew is rung from Michaelmas to Shrove Tuesday.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At Wallingford in Oxfordshire, the curfew bell continues to be rung at 9 pm rather than 8 pm which is a one-hour extension granted by William The Conqueror as the Lord of the town was a Norman sympathiser. However, none of these curfew bells serves its original function. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Northern_Ireland">Northern Ireland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Northern Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During <a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">the Troubles</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> made an attempt to search for illegal items secretly held by <a href="/wiki/Official_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Official Irish Republican Army">Official IRA</a> (OIRA) and the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional IRA</a> (IRA) in <a href="/wiki/Falls_Road,_Belfast" title="Falls Road, Belfast">Falls Road, Belfast</a>, a predominantly <a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholics" title="Irish Catholics">Catholic</a> neighbourhood. The operation, which became known as the <a href="/wiki/Falls_Curfew" title="Falls Curfew">Falls Curfew</a>, took place from 3 to 5 July 1970, with British troops carrying out searches. As it ended, local youths attacked the soldiers, who responded by deploying <a href="/wiki/Riot_control" title="Riot control">riot control</a> tactics; the confrontation quickly developed into a series of gunfights between the British Army and the IRA. After four hours, the Army sealed off the area and imposed a 36-hour curfew, carrying out more searches and recovering 96 weapons before the operation ended. Ultimately, 4 civilians were killed, 78 wounded and 337 arrested. 18 soldiers were also wounded. The curfew was later found to be illegal and no further attempts to impose curfews were made during the Troubles.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_in_Northern_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="COVID-19 in Northern Ireland">2020–21 coronavirus pandemic</a>, a curfew was imposed between Christmas 2020 and New Years 2021, 8 p.m. to 6 am, to reduce contagion.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auto_88-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Curfew law in the United States is usually a matter of <a href="/wiki/Local_ordinance" title="Local ordinance">local ordinance</a> (mainly applied by a municipality or county), rather than federal law. However, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">Constitution</a> guarantees certain rights, which have been applied to the states through the <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">14th Amendment</a>. Hence, any curfew law may be overruled and struck down if, for example, it violates <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">1st</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution">4th</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution">5th</a> or 14th Amendment rights. </p><p>Nonetheless, curfews are set by state and local governments. They vary by state<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and even by county or municipality. </p><p>American military curfews are a tool used by commanders at various installations to shape the behavior of soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Juvenile_curfews">Juvenile curfews</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Juvenile curfews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Local ordinances and state statutes may make it unlawful for minors below a certain age to be on public streets, unless they are accompanied by a parent or an adult or on lawful and necessary business on behalf of their parents or guardians. For example, a Michigan state law provides that "[n]o minor under the age of 12 years shall loiter, idle or congregate in or on any public street, highway, alley or park between the hours of 10 o'clock p.m. and 6 o'clock a.m., unless the minor is accompanied by a parent or guardian, or some adult delegated by the parent or guardian to accompany the child." MCLA § 722.751; MSA § 28.342(1). Curfew laws in other states and cities typically set forth different curfews for minors of different ages. </p><p>The stated purpose of such laws is generally to deter disorderly behavior and crime, while others can include to protect youth from victimization and to strengthen parental responsibility,<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but their effectiveness is subject to debate. Generally, curfews attempt to address vandalism, shootings, and <a href="/wiki/Property_crime" title="Property crime">property crimes</a>, which are believed to happen mostly at night, but are less commonly used to address <a href="/wiki/Legal_drinking_age" title="Legal drinking age">underage drinking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Driving_under_the_influence" title="Driving under the influence">drunk driving</a>, risky driving,<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Teenage_pregnancy" title="Teenage pregnancy">teenage pregnancy</a>. Parents can be fined, <a href="/wiki/Criminal_charge" title="Criminal charge">charged</a> or ordered to take parenting classes for willingly, or through insufficient control or supervision, permitting the child to violate the curfew. Many local curfew laws were enacted in the 1950s and 1960s to attack the "juvenile delinquent" problem of youth gangs. Most curfew exceptions include: </p> <ul><li>accompanied by a parent or an adult appointed by the parent;</li> <li>going to or coming home from work, school, religious, or recreational activity;</li> <li>engaging in a lawful employment activity or;</li> <li>involved in an emergency;</li></ul> <p>Some cities make it illegal for a business owner, operator, or any employee to knowingly allow a minor to remain in the establishment during curfew hours. A business owner, operator, or any employee may be also subject to fines.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2011 UC-Berkeley study looked at the 54 larger U.S. cities that enacted youth curfews between 1985 and 2002 and found that arrests of youths affected by curfew restrictions dropped almost 15% in the first year and approximately 10% in following years.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, not all studies agree with the conclusion that youth curfew laws actually reduce crime, and many studies find no benefit or sometimes even the opposite.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, one 2016 systematic review of 12 studies on the matter found that the effect on crime is close to zero, and can perhaps even backfire somewhat.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are also concerns about <a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling" title="Racial profiling">racial profiling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to concerns about racial profiling, <a href="/wiki/Montgomery_County,_Maryland" title="Montgomery County, Maryland">Montgomery County, Maryland</a>, passed a limited curfew, which would permit police officers to arrest juveniles in situations that appear threatening.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mall_curfews">Mall curfews</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Mall curfews"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mall_curfew" title="Mall curfew">Mall curfew</a></div> <p>Many malls in the United States have policies that prohibit minors under a specified age from entering the mall after specified times,<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> unless they are accompanied by a parent or another adult or are working at the mall during curfew times.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such policies are known as <i>mall curfews.</i> For example, the <a href="/wiki/Mall_of_America" title="Mall of America">Mall of America</a>'s Youth Supervision Policy, requires all minors visiting Mall after 4 p.m. to be accompanied by someone 21 or older. One adult can chaperone up to four minors. The policy is part of the mall's broader security program, which includes the addition of metal detectors, more patrols and a K-9 unit. Malls that have policies prohibiting unaccompanied minors at any time are known as <i>parental escort policies.</i><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Curfews_for_adults">Curfews for adults</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Curfews for adults"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Curfew" title="Special:EditPage/Curfew">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Curfew%22">"Curfew"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Curfew%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Curfew%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Curfew%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Curfew%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Curfew%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>States and municipalities in the United States have occasionally enacted curfews on the population at large, often as a result of severely <a href="/wiki/Inclement_weather" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclement weather">inclement weather</a> or <a href="/wiki/Civil_disorder" title="Civil disorder">civil disorder</a>. Some such curfews require all citizens simply to refrain from driving. Others require all citizens to remain inside, with exceptions granted to those in important positions, such as <a href="/wiki/Elected_official" class="mw-redirect" title="Elected official">elected officials</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">law enforcement</a> personnel, <a href="/wiki/First_responder" title="First responder">first responders</a>, healthcare workers, and the mass media. </p><p>However, unlike juvenile curfews, all-ages curfews have always been very limited in terms of both location and duration. That is, they are temporary and restricted to very specific areas, and generally only implemented during states of emergency, then subsequently lifted or allowed to sunset. </p><p>In 1992, a curfew was imposed in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, California during the <a href="/wiki/Rodney_King_Riots" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodney King Riots">Rodney King Riots</a>. </p><p>In 2015, the city of <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a> enacted a curfew on all citizens that lasted for five days and prohibited all citizens from going outdoors from 10 pm to 5 am with the exception of those traveling to or from work and those with medical emergencies. This was in response to the <a href="/wiki/2015_Baltimore_protests" title="2015 Baltimore protests">2015 Baltimore protests</a>. </p><p>During the global <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> in 2020, local curfews were used (typically in combination with daytime <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns" title="COVID-19 lockdowns">lockdown policies</a>) in the attempt to slow down the spread of the <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2" title="SARS-CoV-2">virus</a> by limiting nonessential interactions between people from different households. Later in 2020, citywide curfews were enacted in major cities across the country due to <a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">protests</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_George_Floyd" class="mw-redirect" title="Killing of George Floyd">killing of George Floyd</a> in May. <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> enacted a statewide curfew. Countywide curfews were enacted for <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles County">Los Angeles County</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alameda_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Alameda County">Alameda County</a> in California. In spring 2021, the city of <a href="/wiki/Miami_Beach,_Florida" title="Miami Beach, Florida">Miami Beach, Florida</a> enacted a citywide curfew due to public disorder associated with <a href="/wiki/Spring_break" title="Spring break">spring break</a> celebrations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curfew_bell" title="Curfew bell">Curfew bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_assembly" title="Freedom of assembly">Freedom of assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shutdown_law" title="Shutdown law">Shutdown law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stranger_danger" title="Stranger danger">Stranger danger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlawful_assembly" title="Unlawful assembly">Unlawful assembly</a></li></ul> <p><b>People</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don_A._Allen#Positions" title="Don A. Allen">Don A. Allen</a>, member of the California State Assembly and of the Los Angeles City Council in the 1940s and 1950s, urged enforcement of curfew laws.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/curfew">"Curfew Definition & Meaning"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary.com" title="Dictionary.com">Dictionary.com</a></i>. 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+Unintended+Consequences+of+Curfews+on+Road+Safety&rft.date=2023-04-05&rft.au=Bedoya+Arguelles%2C+Guadalupe&rft.au=Dolinger%2C+Amy&rft.au=Dolkart%2C+Caitlin+Fitzgerald&rft.au=Legovini%2C+Arianna&rft.au=Milusheva%2C+Sveta&rft.au=Marty%2C+Robert+Andrew&rft.au=Taniform%2C+Peter+Ngwa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdocuments1.worldbank.org%2Fcurated%2Fen%2F179051633322290714%2Fpdf%2FThe-Unintended-Consequences-of-Curfews-on-Road-Safety.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurfew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClassen2009" class="citation book cs1">Classen, Albrecht (15 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PN8skIYO0p4C&q=%22Between+the+evening+twilight+and+the+grayness+before+dawn+one+can+hardly+make%22&pg=PA12"><i>Urban Space in the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age</i></a>. Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-022390-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-022390-3"><bdi>978-3-11-022390-3</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urban+Space+in+the+Middle+Ages+and+the+Early+Modern+Age&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2009-12-15&rft.isbn=978-3-11-022390-3&rft.aulast=Classen&rft.aufirst=Albrecht&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPN8skIYO0p4C%26q%3D%2522Between%2Bthe%2Bevening%2Btwilight%2Band%2Bthe%2Bgrayness%2Bbefore%2Bdawn%2Bone%2Bcan%2Bhardly%2Bmake%2522%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurfew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-curfew" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=curfew">"curfew"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=curfew&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3Dcurfew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurfew" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/universaletymolo00bailuoft/page/n235/mode/2up?q=Curfew">"Curfew"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bailey%27s_dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Bailey's dictionary">Bailey's dictionary</a></i> (third ed.). 1726. p. 235.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Curfew&rft.btitle=Bailey%27s+dictionary&rft.pages=235&rft.edition=third&rft.date=1726&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funiversaletymolo00bailuoft%2Fpage%2Fn235%2Fmode%2F2up%3Fq%3DCurfew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurfew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O89972/curfew-unknown/">"Curfew"</a>. <i>V&A Explore the Collections</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=V%26A+Explore+the+Collections&rft.atitle=Curfew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcollections.vam.ac.uk%2Fitem%2FO89972%2Fcurfew-unknown%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurfew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baldwin-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Baldwin_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baldwin_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaldwin2002" class="citation journal cs1">Baldwin, Peter C. (Spring 2002). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Morocco+World+News&rft.atitle=Morocco+To+Lift+Night+Curfew+Tomorrow&rft.date=2021-11-09&rft.aulast=Kasraoui&rft.aufirst=Safaa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moroccoworldnews.com%2F2021%2F11%2F345435%2Fmorocco-to-lift-night-curfew-tomorrow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurfew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nos.nl/artikel/2365653-om-21-00-uur-is-de-avondklok-ingegaan-dit-zijn-de-regels-en-uitzonderingen.html">"Om 21.00 uur is de avondklok ingegaan, dit zijn de regels en uitzonderingen"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Omroep_Stichting" title="Nederlandse Omroep Stichting">Nederlandse Omroep Stichting</a>. 23 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Om+21.00+uur+is+de+avondklok+ingegaan%2C+dit+zijn+de+regels+en+uitzonderingen&rft.pub=Nederlandse+Omroep+Stichting&rft.date=2021-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnos.nl%2Fartikel%2F2365653-om-21-00-uur-is-de-avondklok-ingegaan-dit-zijn-de-regels-en-uitzonderingen.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurfew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nltimes.nl/2021/01/26/5765-people-fined-breaking-curfew">"5765 people fined for breaking curfew"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 October</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=peaklandheritage.org.uk&rft.atitle=peak+district+local+history%2C+customs%2C+wildlife%2C+transport+%E2%80%93+Peakland+Heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peaklandheritage.org.uk%2Findex.asp%3Fpeakkey%3D31002121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurfew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_88-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_88-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimpson2020" class="citation web cs1">Simpson, Claire (24 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://411newyork.org/guide/2009/08/14/curfews-in-new-york/">"Curfews in New York · 411 NY"</a>. <i>411newyork.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=411newyork.org&rft.atitle=Curfews+in+New+York+%C2%B7+411+NY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F411newyork.org%2Fguide%2F2009%2F08%2F14%2Fcurfews-in-new-york%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurfew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/pol.20220403">"Shaping the Habits of Teen Drivers"</a>. <i>American Economic Journal: Economic Policy</i>. <b>16</b> (3): 367–393. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1257%2Fpol.20220403">10.1257/pol.20220403</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1945-7731">1945-7731</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Economic+Journal%3A+Economic+Policy&rft.atitle=Shaping+the+Habits+of+Teen+Drivers&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=367-393&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1257%2Fpol.20220403&rft.issn=1945-7731&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Timothy+J.&rft.au=Morris%2C+Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aeaweb.org%2Farticles%3Fid%3D10.1257%2Fpol.20220403&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurfew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120509034013/http://www.faribault.org/departments/police/curfews">"Curfews » City of Faribault, MN"</a>. <i>faribault.org</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mallofamerica.com&rft.atitle=Parental+Escort+Policy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mallofamerica.com%2Fguests%2Fescorts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurfew" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curfew&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/16px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/24px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/32px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> The dictionary definition of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/curfew" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/curfew"><i>curfew</i></a> at Wiktionary</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Curfews" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Curfews">Curfews</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/4699095.stm">BBC Report on legal challenge to curfew laws</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150610220818/http://www.lemitonline.org/publications/telemasp/Pdf/volume%201/vol1no6.pdf">Juvenile Curfews</a> TELEMASP Bulletin, Texas Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics Program</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Curfew"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Curfew">"Curfew" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Curfew&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACurfew" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Parenting" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Parenting" title="Template:Parenting"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Parenting" title="Template talk:Parenting"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Parenting" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Parenting"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Parenting" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Parenting" title="Parenting">Parenting</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kinship_terminology" title="Kinship terminology">Kinship terminology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parent" title="Parent">Parent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother" title="Mother">Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father" title="Father">Father</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adoption" title="Adoption">Adoptive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alloparenting" title="Alloparenting">Alloparenting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coparenting" title="Coparenting">Coparenting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_family" title="Extended family">Extended family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster_care" title="Foster care">Foster care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noncustodial_parent" title="Noncustodial parent">Noncustodial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_family" title="Nuclear family">Nuclear family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orphan" title="Orphan">Orphaned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shared_parenting" title="Shared parenting">Shared parenting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_parent" title="Single parent">Single parent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepfamily" title="Stepfamily">Blended family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrogacy" title="Surrogacy">Surrogacy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_loco_parentis" title="In loco parentis">In loco parentis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theories <b>·</b> Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attachment_theory" title="Attachment theory">Attachment theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_behavior_analysis" title="Applied behavior analysis">Applied behavior analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behaviorism" title="Behaviorism">Behaviorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_development" title="Child development">Child development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_development" title="Cognitive development">Cognitive development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Developmental_psychology" title="Developmental psychology">Developmental psychology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_of_the_human_body" title="Development of the human body">Human development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_formation" title="Identity formation">Identity formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introjection" title="Introjection">Introjection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love" title="Love">Love</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternal_bond" title="Maternal bond">Maternal bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_versus_nurture" title="Nature versus nurture">Nature versus nurture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_investment" title="Parental investment">Parental investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternal_bond" title="Paternal bond">Paternal bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pediatrics" title="Pediatrics">Pediatrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_emotional_development" title="Social emotional development">Social emotional development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialization" title="Socialization">Socialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_psychology" title="Social psychology">Social psychology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Parenting_styles" title="Parenting styles">Styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achievement_ideology" title="Achievement ideology">Achievement ideology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_personality" title="Atlas personality">Atlas personality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attachment_parenting" title="Attachment parenting">Attachment parenting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_talk" title="Baby talk">Baby talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddha-like_mindset" title="Buddha-like mindset">Buddha-like parenting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerted_cultivation" title="Concerted cultivation">Concerted cultivation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enmeshment" title="Enmeshment">Enmeshment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-range_parenting" title="Free-range parenting">Free-range parenting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatekeeper_parent" title="Gatekeeper parent">Gatekeeper parent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helicopter_parent" title="Helicopter parent">Helicopter parent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurturant_parent_model" title="Nurturant parent model">Nurturant parenting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_parenting" title="Slow parenting">Slow parenting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soccer_mom" title="Soccer mom">Soccer mom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strict_father_model" title="Strict father model">Strict father model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_Children_Seriously" title="Taking Children Seriously">Taking children seriously</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theybie" class="mw-redirect" title="Theybie">Theybie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger_parenting" title="Tiger parenting">Tiger parenting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_at_home_parent" title="Work at home parent">Work at home parent</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/After-school_activity" title="After-school activity">After-school activity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allowance_(money)#Allowances_for_children" title="Allowance (money)">Allowance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedtime" title="Bedtime">Bedtime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_care" title="Child care">Child care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Co-sleeping" title="Co-sleeping">Co-sleeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dishabituation" title="Dishabituation">Dishabituation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education" title="Education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habituation" title="Habituation">Habituation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeschooling" title="Homeschooling">Homeschooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identification_(psychology)" title="Identification (psychology)">Identification (psychology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introjection" title="Introjection">Introjection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kommune_1" title="Kommune 1">Kommune 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latchkey_kid" title="Latchkey kid">Latchkey kid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_development" title="Moral development">Moral development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normative_social_influence" title="Normative social influence">Normative social influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parent_management_training" title="Parent management training">Parent management training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Play_(activity)" title="Play (activity)">Play</a> (<a href="/wiki/Play_date" title="Play date">date</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_model" title="Role model">Role model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">Social integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_aspects_of_television" title="Social aspects of television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk (race)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_birds_and_the_bees" title="The birds and the bees">The talk (sex education)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy" title="Toy">Toy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Educational_toy" title="Educational toy">educational</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_P_(parenting_program)" title="Triple P (parenting program)">Positive Parenting Program</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Child_discipline" title="Child discipline">Child discipline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blanket_training" title="Blanket training">Blanket training</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporal_punishment_in_the_home" title="Corporal punishment in the home">Corporal punishment in the home</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Curfew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grounding_(discipline_technique)" title="Grounding (discipline technique)">Grounding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Positive_discipline" title="Positive discipline">Positive discipline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_treatment" title="Silent treatment">Tactical ignoring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-out_(parenting)" title="Time-out (parenting)">Time-out</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Abuse</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adverse_childhood_experiences" title="Adverse childhood experiences">Adverse childhood experiences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_abandonment" title="Child abandonment">Child abandonment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_abuse" title="Child abuse">Child abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_labour" title="Child labour">Child labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_neglect" title="Child neglect">Child neglect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinderella_effect" title="Cinderella effect">Cinderella effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codependency" title="Codependency">Codependency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysfunctional_family" title="Dysfunctional family">Dysfunctional family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_domestic_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Effects of domestic violence">Effects of domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">Incest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcissistic_parent" title="Narcissistic parent">Narcissistic parent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_abuse_by_children" title="Parental abuse by children">Parental abuse by children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stress_in_early_childhood" title="Stress in early childhood">Stress in early childhood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal and<br />social aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Child_custody" title="Child custody">Child custody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_support" title="Child support">Child support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cost_of_raising_a_child" title="Cost of raising a child">Cost of raising a child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deadbeat_parent" title="Deadbeat parent">Deadbeat parent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disownment" title="Disownment">Disownment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_disruption" title="Family disruption">Family disruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_family_life" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to family life">Right to family life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Management_of_domestic_violence" title="Management of domestic violence">Management of domestic violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_alienation" title="Parental alienation">Parental alienation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_responsibility_(access_and_custody)" title="Parental responsibility (access and custody)">Parental responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parents%27_rights_movement" title="Parents' rights movement">Parents' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paternity_law" title="Paternity law">Paternity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shared_parenting" title="Shared parenting">Shared parenting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Experts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Ainsworth" title="Mary Ainsworth">Mary Ainsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bowlby" title="John Bowlby">John Bowlby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._Berry_Brazelton" title="T. Berry Brazelton">T. Berry Brazelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Dreikurs" title="Rudolf Dreikurs">Rudolf Dreikurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Elkind" title="David Elkind">David Elkind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Frost" title="Jo Frost">Jo Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haim_Ginott" title="Haim Ginott">Haim Ginott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gordon_(psychologist)" title="Thomas Gordon (psychologist)">Thomas Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_E._Kazdin" title="Alan E. Kazdin">Alan E. Kazdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truby_King" title="Truby King">Truby King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_Lareau" title="Annette Lareau">Annette Lareau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penelope_Leach" title="Penelope Leach">Penelope Leach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Sanders_(parenting_researcher)" title="Matthew Sanders (parenting researcher)">Matthew Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sears_(physician)" title="William Sears (physician)">William Sears</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._F._Skinner" title="B. F. Skinner">B. F. Skinner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Spock" title="Benjamin Spock">Benjamin Spock</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Families_Need_Fathers" title="Families Need Fathers">Families Need Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_Apart_from_Their_Children" title="Mothers Apart from Their Children">Mothers Apart from Their Children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers%27_Union" title="Mothers' Union">Mothers' Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Childbirth_Trust" title="National Childbirth Trust">National Childbirth Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Fatherhood_Initiative" title="National Fatherhood Initiative">National Fatherhood Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Parents_Organization" title="National Parents Organization">National Parents Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parent%E2%80%93teacher_association" title="Parent–teacher association">Parent–teacher association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parents_Against_Child_Exploitation" title="Parents Against Child Exploitation">Parents Against Child Exploitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a 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