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class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1470</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Muhammad Anwar</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1260</span> Global Historical Distribution Range of Brown Bear (Ursus Arctos)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tariq%20Mahmood">Tariq Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faiza%20Lehrasab"> Faiza Lehrasab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faraz%20Akrim"> Faraz Akrim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sajid%20nadeem"> Muhammad Sajid nadeem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Mushtaq"> Muhammad Mushtaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Unza%20waqar"> Unza waqar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayesha%20Sheraz"> Ayesha Sheraz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaista%20Andleeb"> Shaista Andleeb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Brown bear (Ursus arctos), a member of the family Ursidae, is distributed in a wide range of habitats in North America, Europe and Asia. Suspectedly, the global distribution range of brown bears is decreasing at the moment due to various factors. The carnivore species is categorized as ‘Least Concern’ globally by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. However, there are some fragmented, small populations that are on the verge of extinction, as is in Pakistan, where the species is listed as ‘Critically Endangered’, with a declining population trend. Importantly, the global historical distribution range of brown bears is undocumented. Therefore, in the current study, we reconstructed and estimated the historical distribution range of brown bears using QGIS software and also analyzed the network of protected areas in the past and current ranges of the species. Results showed that brown bear was more widely distributed in historic times, encompassing 52.6 million km² area as compared to their current distribution of 38.8 million km², resulting in a total range contraction of up to approximately 28 %. In the past, a total of N = 62,234 protected Areas, covering approximately 3.89 million km² were present in the distribution range of the species, while now a total of N= 33,313 Protected Areas, covering approximately 2.75 million km² area, are present in the current distribution range of the brown bear. The brown bear distribution range in the protected areas has also contracted by 1.15 million km² and the total percentage reduction of PAs is 29%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brown%20bear" title="brown bear">brown bear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historic%20distribution" title=" historic distribution"> historic distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=range%20contraction" title=" range contraction"> range contraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protected%20areas" title=" protected areas"> protected areas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184575/global-historical-distribution-range-of-brown-bear-ursus-arctos" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184575.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">66</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1259</span> Role of Salicylic Acid in Alleviating Chromium Toxicity in Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghulam%20Hassan%20Abbasi">Ghulam Hassan Abbasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moazzam%20Jamil"> Moazzam Jamil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghazala%20Akhtar"> Ghazala Akhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.Anwar-ul-Haq"> M.Anwar-ul-Haq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metals are significant pollutants in environment and their toxicity is a problem for survival of living things while salicylic acid (SA) is signaling and ubiquitous bioactive molecule that regulates cellular mechanism in plants under stress condition. Therefore, exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) under chromium stress in two chickpea varieties were investigated in hydroponic experiment with five treatments comprising of control, 5 µM Cr + 5 mM SA, 5µM Cr + 10 mM SA, 10µM Cr + 5 mM SA, and 10µM Cr + 10 mM SA. Results revealed that treatments of plants with 10 mM SA application under both 5 µM Cr and 10 µM Cr stress resulted in maximum improvement in plant morphological attributes (root and shoot length, root and shoot fresh and dry weight, membrane stability index and relative water contents) relative to 5 mM SA application in both chickpea varieties. Results regarding Cr concentration showed that Cr was more retained in roots followed by shoots and maximum reduction in Cr uptake was observed at 10 mM SA application. Chickpea variety BRC-61 showed maximum growth and least concentration of Cr in root and shoot relative to BRC-390 variety. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromium" title="chromium">chromium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chickpea" title=" Chickpea"> Chickpea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salicylic%20acid" title=" salicylic acid"> salicylic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=growth" title=" growth"> growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21486/role-of-salicylic-acid-in-alleviating-chromium-toxicity-in-chickpea-cicer-arietinum-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21486.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">519</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1258</span> Ideology versus Faith in the Collective Political Identity Formation: An Analysis of the Thoughts of Iqbal and Jinnah-The Founding Fathers of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sajjad-ur-Rehman">Muhammad Sajjad-ur-Rehman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pakistan was meant to be a progressive modern Muslim nation state since its inception in 1947. Its birth was a big hope for the Muslims of Sub-continent to transform their societies on Islamic lines—the promise which made them unite and vote for Pakistan during independence movement. This was the vision put forwarded by Allama Iqbal and Muhammad Ali Jinnah—the two founding fathers of Pakistan. Dwelling on interpretive/ analytical approach, this paper analyzes the thoughts and reflections of Iqbal and Jinnah to understand the issues of collective identity formation in Pakistan. It argues that there may be traced two distinct identity models in the thoughts and reflections of these two leading figures of Pakistan movement: First may be called as ‘faith-based identity model’ while the other may be named as ‘interests-based identity model’. These can also be entitled as ‘Islam-as-faith model’ and ‘Islam-as-ideology model’. Former seeks the diffusion of power by cultural/ faith based means and thus society remains independent in determining its change. While the later goes on to open and expand the power realm by maximizing the role of state in determining the social change. With the help of these models, it can better be explained that what made Pakistani society fail in the collective political identity construction, hindering thus the political potential of the society to be utilized for initiating state formation and societal growth. As a result, today, we see a state that is often rebelled and resisted on the name of ethnicity, religion and sectarianism on one hand and by the ordinary folk when and wherever possible. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=idealogy" title="idealogy">idealogy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iqbal" title=" Iqbal"> Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jinnah" title=" Jinnah"> Jinnah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=identity" title=" identity"> identity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194147/ideology-versus-faith-in-the-collective-political-identity-formation-an-analysis-of-the-thoughts-of-iqbal-and-jinnah-the-founding-fathers-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">22</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1257</span> Influence of Pseudomonas japonica on Growth and Metal Tolerance of Celosia cristata L.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Umair%20Mushtaq">Muhammad Umair Mushtaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ameena%20Iqbal"> Ameena Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Aqib%20Hassan%20Ali%20Khan"> Muhammad Aqib Hassan Ali Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ismat%20Nawaz"> Ismat Nawaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohail%20Yousaf"> Sohail Yousaf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mazhar%20Iqbal"> Mazhar Iqbal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metals are one of the priority pollutants as they pose serious health and environmental threats. They can be removed by various physiochemical methods but are costly and responsible for additional environmental problems. Bioremediation that exploits plants and their associated microbes have been referred as cost effective and environmental friendly technique. In this study, a pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to evaluate the potential of Celosia cristata and effects of bacteria, Pseudomonas japonica, and organic amendment moss/compost on tolerating/accumulating heavy metals. Two weeks old seedlings were transferred to soil in pots, and after four weeks they were inoculated with bacterial strain, while after growth of six weeks they were watered with a metal containing synthetic wastewater and were harvested after a growth period of nine weeks. After harvesting, morphological and physiological parameters and metal content of plants were measured. The results showed highest plant growth and biomass production in case of organic amendments while highest metal uptake has been found in non-amended pots. Positive controls have shown highest Pb uptake of 2900 mg/kg DW, while P. japonica amended pots have shown highest Cd, Cr, Ni and Cu uptake of 963.53, 1481.17, 1022.01 and 602.17 mg/kg DW, respectively. In conclusion organic amendments have strong impacts on growth enhancement while P. japonica enhances metal translocation and accumulation to aerial parts with little significant involvement in plant growth. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ornamental%20plants" title="ornamental plants">ornamental plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20microbe%20interaction" title=" plant microbe interaction"> plant microbe interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amendments" title=" amendments"> amendments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bacteria" title=" bacteria"> bacteria</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71841/influence-of-pseudomonas-japonica-on-growth-and-metal-tolerance-of-celosia-cristata-l" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71841.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1256</span> Effect of Silicon in Mitigating Cadmium Toxicity in Maize</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghulam%20Hasan%20Abbasi">Ghulam Hasan Abbasi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moazzam%20Jamil"> Moazzam Jamil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Anwar-Ul-Haq"> M. Anwar-Ul-Haq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metals are significant pollutants in environment and their toxicity is a problem for survival of living things while Silicon (Si) is one of the most ubiquitous macroelements, performing an essential function in healing plants in response to environmental stresses. A hydroponic experiment was conducted to investigate the role of exogenous application of silicon under cadmium stress in six different maize hybrids with five treatments comprising of control, 7.5 µM Cd + 5 mM Si, 7.5 µM Cd + 10 mM Si, 15 µM Cd + 5 mM Si and 15 µM Cd + 10 mM Si. Results revealed that treatments of plants with 10mM Si application under both 7.5µM Cd and 15 µM Cd stress resulted in maximum improvement in plant morphological attributes (root and shoot length, root and shoot fresh and dry weight, leaf area and relative water contents) and antioxidant enzymes (POD and CAT) relative to 5 mM Si application in all maize hybrids. Results regarding Cd concentrations showed that Cd was more retained in roots followed by shoots and then leaves and maximum reduction in Cd uptake was observed at 10mM Si application. Maize hybrid 6525 showed maximum growth and least concentration of Cd whereas maize hybrid 1543 showed the minimum growth and maximum Cd concentration among all maize hybrids. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title="antioxidant">antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadmium" title=" cadmium"> cadmium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maize" title=" maize"> maize</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silicon" title=" silicon"> silicon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35284/effect-of-silicon-in-mitigating-cadmium-toxicity-in-maize" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">525</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1255</span> An Assessment of Financial Viability and Sustainability of Hydroponics Using Reclaimed Water Using LCA and LCC</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Abdullah">Muhammad Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Atiq%20Ur%20Rehman%20Tariq"> Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman Tariq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faraz%20Ul%20Haq"> Faraz Ul Haq</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In developed countries, sustainability measures are widely accepted and acknowledged as crucial for addressing environmental concerns. Hydroponics, a soilless cultivation technique, has emerged as a potentially sustainable solution as it can reduce water consumption, land use, and environmental impacts. However, hydroponics may not be economically viable, especially when using reclaimed water, which may entail additional costs and risks. This study aims to address the critical question of whether hydroponics using reclaimed water can achieve a balance between sustainability and financial viability. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Cost (LCC) will be integrated to assess the potential of hydroponics whether it is environmentally sustainable and economically viable. Life cycle assessment, or LCA, is a methodology for assessing environmental impacts associated with all the stages of the life cycle of a commercial product, process, or service. While Life Cycle Cost (LCC) is an approach that assesses the total cost of an asset over its life cycle, including initial capital costs and maintenance costs. The expected benefits of this study include supporting evidence-based decision-making for policymakers, farmers, and stakeholders involved in agriculture. By quantifying environmental impacts and economic costs, this research will facilitate informed choices regarding the adoption of hydroponics with reclaimed water. It is believed that the outcomes of this research work will help to achieve a sustainable approach to agricultural production, aligning with sustainability goals while considering economic factors by adopting hydroponic technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroponic" title="hydroponic">hydroponic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20cost" title=" life cycle cost"> life cycle cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168520/an-assessment-of-financial-viability-and-sustainability-of-hydroponics-using-reclaimed-water-using-lca-and-lcc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1254</span> Preparation of Frozen Bivalent Babesial (Babesia Bovis and Babesia Bigemina) Vaccine from Field Isolates and Evaluation of Its Efficacy in Calves</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Fiaz%20Qamar">Muhammad Fiaz Qamar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Faraz"> Ahmad Faraz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Arfan%20Zaman"> Muhammad Arfan Zaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazim%20Ali"> Kazim Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waleed%20Akram"> Waleed Akram</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Babesiosis is reflected as the most important disease of cattle that are transmitted by arthropods. In Pakistan, its prevalence is up to 29% in the cattle and buffalo population in different regions. Cattle show a long lasting and durable immunity by giving an infection of B.bovis, B. bigemina, or Babesiadivergens. this is used in cattle to immunize them in a few countries as anti-babesiosis vaccine. Development of frozen vaccine allows for complete testing after production of each batch, However, once thawed, its reduced its shelf life, frozen vaccines are more difficult to transport as well as expensive to produce as compared to chilled vaccine. The contamination of blood derived vaccine has the potential risk that makes pre-production and post-production quality control necessary. For the trail master seed production of whole blood frozen bivalent Babesia(Babesiabovis and Babesiabigemina), 100 blood samples of Babesial positive suspected cattle was taken and processed for separation microscopic detection and rectification by PCR. Vaccine passages were done to reduce the parasitaemiasis in live calves. After 8 passages, parasitemia of Babesia reduced from 80% to 15%. Infected donor calf’s blood was taken by jugular cannulation by using preservative free lithium heparin as an anticoagulant (5 International Units IU heparin/ml blood). In lab, parasite containing blood was mixed in equal volumes with 3 M glycerol in PBS supplemented with 5 mM glucose (final concentration of glycerol 1.5 M) at 37°C. The mixture was then equilibrized at 37°C for 30 minutes and were dispensed in required containers (e.g., 5 ml cryovials). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution" title="distribution">distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=babesia" title=" babesia"> babesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primer%20sequences" title=" primer sequences"> primer sequences</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCV" title=" PCV"> PCV</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152432/preparation-of-frozen-bivalent-babesial-babesia-bovis-and-babesia-bigemina-vaccine-from-field-isolates-and-evaluation-of-its-efficacy-in-calves" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152432.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1253</span> Organotin (IV) Based Complexes as Promiscuous Antibacterials: Synthesis in vitro, in Silico Pharmacokinetic, and Docking Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wajid%20Rehman">Wajid Rehman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sirajul%20Haq"> Sirajul Haq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bakhtiar%20Muhammad"> Bakhtiar Muhammad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Fahad%20Hassan"> Syed Fahad Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amin%20Badshah"> Amin Badshah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Waseem"> Muhammad Waseem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazal%20Rahim"> Fazal Rahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Obaid-Ur-Rahman%20Abid"> Obaid-Ur-Rahman Abid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzana%20Latif%20Ansari"> Farzana Latif Ansari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umer%20Rashid"> Umer Rashid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Five novel triorganotin (IV) compounds have been synthesized and characterized. The tin atom is penta-coordinated to assume trigonal-bipyramidal geometry. Using in silico derived parameters; the objective of our study is to design and synthesize promiscuous antibacterials potent enough to combat resistance. Among various synthesized organotin (IV) complexes, compound 5 was found as potent antibacterial agent against various bacterial strains. Further lead optimization of drug-like properties was evaluated through in silico predictions. Data mining and computational analysis were utilized to derive compound promiscuity phenomenon to avoid drug attrition rate in designing antibacterials. Xanthine oxidase and human glucose- 6-phosphatase were found as only true positive off-target hits by ChEMBL database and others utilizing similarity ensemble approach. Propensity towards a-3 receptor, human macrophage migration factor and thiazolidinedione were found as false positive off targets with E-value 1/4> 10^-4 for compound 1, 3, and 4. Further, displaying positive drug-drug interaction of compound 1 as uricosuric was validated by all databases and docked protein targets with sequence similarity and compositional matrix alignment via BLAST software. Promiscuity of the compound 5 was further conﬁrmed by in silico binding to different antibacterial targets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibacterial%20activity" title="antibacterial activity">antibacterial activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20promiscuity" title=" drug promiscuity"> drug promiscuity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ADMET%20prediction" title=" ADMET prediction"> ADMET prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metallo-pharmaceutical" title=" metallo-pharmaceutical"> metallo-pharmaceutical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20resistance" title=" antimicrobial resistance"> antimicrobial resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17900/organotin-iv-based-complexes-as-promiscuous-antibacterials-synthesis-in-vitro-in-silico-pharmacokinetic-and-docking-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17900.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">509</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1252</span> Application of VE in Healthcare Services: An Overview of Healthcare Facility</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safeer%20Ahmad">Safeer Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratheek%20Sudhakran"> Pratheek Sudhakran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Arif%20Kamal"> M. Arif Kamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarique%20Anwar"> Tarique Anwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Healthcare facility designing, Efficient MEP services are very crucial because the built environment not only affects patients and family but also Healthcare staff and their outcomes. This paper shall cover the basics of Value engineering and its different phases that can be implemented to the MEP Designing stage for Healthcare facility optimization, also VE can improve the product cost the unnecessary costs associated with healthcare services. This paper explores Healthcare facility services and their Value engineering Job plan for the successful application of the VE technique by conducting a Workshop with end-users, designing team and associate experts shall be carried out using certain concepts, tools, methods and mechanism developed to achieve the purpose of selecting what is actually appropriate and ideal among many value engineering processes and tools that have long proven their ability to enhance the value by following the concept of Total quality management while achieving the most efficient resources allocation to satisfy the key functions and requirements of the project without sacrificing the targeted level of service for all design metrics. Detail study has been discussed with analysis been carried out by this process to achieve a better outcome, Various tools are used for the Analysis of the product at different phases used, at the end the results obtained after implementation of techniques are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=value%20engineering" title="value engineering">value engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthcare%20facility" title=" healthcare facility"> healthcare facility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design" title=" design"> design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=services" title=" services"> services</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145698/application-of-ve-in-healthcare-services-an-overview-of-healthcare-facility" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145698.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">203</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1251</span> Assessment of Germination Loss Due to Dusky Cotton Bug (Oxycarenus laetus) in Relation to Cotton Boll Stage and Bug Intensity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Hassan">Ali Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mian%20Muhammad%20Awais"> Mian Muhammad Awais</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Rafique%20Shahid"> Muhammad Rafique Shahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farazia%20Hassan"> Farazia Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shumaila%20%20Rasool"> Shumaila Rasool</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Dusky cotton bug (Oxycarenus laetus) has attained the status of major insect pest of cotton. It is also known as seed bug due to its property of feeding on seeds. It causes floral abscission at flowering stage and reduction in seed germination. Present study was carried out to assess germination loss caused by dusky bug with respect to crop stage and insect intensity. Treatments consisted of three stages immature boll, mature boll and opened boll as well three levels of dusky bug i.e., 50 bugs per boll, 40 bugs per boll along with zero level kept as control. Results showed that the germination percentage was highest in control treatment where no insect was released followed by treatment where 40 insects released and minimum germination showed by treatment in which 50 insects were released. The germination percentage of seeds surpassed after control treatment in the treatment where dusky bugs exposure was given at boll opening stage than on mature boll stage. Minimum germination was observed in immature boll stage. Interaction between crop stages and dusky bug levels showed that germination percentage of seeds was maximum in control treatment then boll opening stage followed by mature boll stage. Minimum seed germination was recorded in dusky bug treatment at immature boll stage which was 34% where 50 insects were released. From the results it is clear that dusky bug should be managed properly at all reproductive stages but immature stage is most critical. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gossypium%20hirsutum" title="Gossypium hirsutum">Gossypium hirsutum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oxycarenus%20laetus" title=" Oxycarenus laetus"> Oxycarenus laetus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20bug" title=" seed bug"> seed bug</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seed%20germination" title=" seed germination"> seed germination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72297/assessment-of-germination-loss-due-to-dusky-cotton-bug-oxycarenus-laetus-in-relation-to-cotton-boll-stage-and-bug-intensity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72297.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1250</span> Social Entrepreneurship and Organizational Effectiveness: Evidence from Malaysia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fakhrul%20Anwar%20Zainol">Fakhrul Anwar Zainol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wan%20Norhayate%20Wan%20Daud"> Wan Norhayate Wan Daud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zulhamri%20Abdullah"> Zulhamri Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Rafi%20Yaacob">Mohd Rafi Yaacob</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Malaysia has made great strides in eradicating poverty. Based on the latest figures of the 9th Malaysian Plan Mid-term review, the overall hardcore poverty percentage is down to 0.7%, and only 3.6% of the Malaysian population is living below the overall poverty line. While in the past significant efforts had been taken by the government through various developmental project to alleviate poverty in rural area had proven successful. Today, urban poverty in Malaysia is an increasingly visible phenomenon due to rural-urban migration and the natural population growth in urban areas. Given the changing dimensions and emerging new forms of poverty as a result of unwanted effects of development there is a dire need to re-examine and re-visit urban poverty in Malaysia. Based on the leaders’ perceptions, this study affirmed that social entrepreneurship organizations in Malaysia have try to overcome the urban poverty through social entrepreneurship. The new framework has been developed from the results of this study. It shows that social entrepreneurship contributed to the organizational effectiveness. This result indicates that it is important to have social entrepreneurship in order to increase the socio economy and achieve the organization’s mission. Therefore, this study has proven that social entrepreneurship is beneficial to the Malaysian. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Social%20Entrepreneurship" title="Social Entrepreneurship">Social Entrepreneurship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Organizational%20Effectiveness" title=" Organizational Effectiveness"> Organizational Effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Urban%20Poverty" title=" Urban Poverty"> Urban Poverty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malaysia." title=" Malaysia."> Malaysia.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21420/social-entrepreneurship-and-organizational-effectiveness-evidence-from-malaysia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">515</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1249</span> Effect of Species and Slaughtering Age on Quality Characteristics of Different Meat Cuts of Humped Cattle and Water Buffalo Bulls</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Kashif%20Yar">Muhammad Kashif Yar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Hayat%20Jaspal"> Muhammad Hayat Jaspal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muawuz%20Ijaz"> Muawuz Ijaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zafar%20Hayat"> Zafar Hayat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iftikhar%20Hussain%20Badar"> Iftikhar Hussain Badar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20Nasir"> Jamal Nasir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Meat quality characteristics such as ultimate pH (pHu), color, cooking loss and shear force of eight wholesale meat cuts of humped cattle (Bos indicus) and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) bulls at two age groups were evaluated. A total of 48 animals, 24 of each species and within species 12 from each 18 and 26 months age group were slaughtered. After 24h post-slaughter, eight meat cuts, i.e., tenderloin, sirloin, rump, cube roll, round, topside, silverside and blade were cut from the carcass. The pHu of tenderloin (5.65 vs 5.55), sirloin (5.67 vs 5.60), cube roll (5.68 vs 5.62) and blade (5.88 vs 5.72) was significantly higher (P<0.05) in buffalo than cattle. The tenderloin showed significantly higher (44.63 vs 42.23) and sirloin showed lower (P<0.05) mean L* value (42.28 vs 44.47) in cattle than buffalo whilst the mean L* value of the only tenderloin was affected by animal age. Species had a significant (P<0.05) effect on mean a*, b*, C, and h values of all meat cuts. The shear force of the majority of meat cuts, within species and age groups, varied considerably. The mean shear values of tenderloin, sirloin, cube roll and blade were higher (P<0.05) in buffalo than cattle. The shear values of rump, round, topside and silverside increased significantly (P<0.05) with animal age. In conclusion, primal cuts of cattle showed better meat quality especially tenderness than buffalo. Furthermore, calves should be raised at least up to 26 months of age to maximize profitability by providing better quality meat. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buffalo" title="buffalo">buffalo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cattle" title=" cattle"> cattle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meat%20color" title=" meat color"> meat color</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meat%20quality" title=" meat quality"> meat quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slaughtering%20age" title=" slaughtering age"> slaughtering age</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tenderness" title=" tenderness"> tenderness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136680/effect-of-species-and-slaughtering-age-on-quality-characteristics-of-different-meat-cuts-of-humped-cattle-and-water-buffalo-bulls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136680.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">152</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1248</span> An Empirical Study to Predict Myocardial Infarction Using K-Means and Hierarchical Clustering </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Minhazul%20%20%20Islam">Md. Minhazul Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shah%20Ashisul%20Abed%20%20Nipun"> Shah Ashisul Abed Nipun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majharul%20%20Islam"> Majharul Islam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Abdur%20Rakib%20Rahat"> Md. Abdur Rakib Rahat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jonayet%20Miah"> Jonayet Miah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salsavil%20Kayyum"> Salsavil Kayyum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anwar%20Shadaab"> Anwar Shadaab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faiz%20Al%20Faisal"> Faiz Al Faisal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The target of this research is to predict Myocardial Infarction using unsupervised Machine Learning algorithms. Myocardial Infarction Prediction related to heart disease is a challenging factor faced by doctors & hospitals. In this prediction, accuracy of the heart disease plays a vital role. From this concern, the authors have analyzed on a myocardial dataset to predict myocardial infarction using some popular Machine Learning algorithms K-Means and Hierarchical Clustering. This research includes a collection of data and the classification of data using Machine Learning Algorithms. The authors collected 345 instances along with 26 attributes from different hospitals in Bangladesh. This data have been collected from patients suffering from myocardial infarction along with other symptoms. This model would be able to find and mine hidden facts from historical Myocardial Infarction cases. The aim of this study is to analyze the accuracy level to predict Myocardial Infarction by using Machine Learning techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Machine%20Learning" title="Machine Learning">Machine Learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K-means" title=" K-means"> K-means</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hierarchical%20Clustering" title=" Hierarchical Clustering"> Hierarchical Clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myocardial%20Infarction" title=" Myocardial Infarction"> Myocardial Infarction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heart%20Disease" title=" Heart Disease"> Heart Disease</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121240/an-empirical-study-to-predict-myocardial-infarction-using-k-means-and-hierarchical-clustering" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121240.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">209</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1247</span> Evaluating Antifungal Potential of Respiratory Inhibitors against Phyto-Pathogenic Fungi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sehrish%20Iftikhar">Sehrish Iftikhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Ali%20Shahid"> Ahmad Ali Shahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiran%20Nawaz"> Kiran Nawaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waheed%20Anwar"> Waheed Anwar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Discovery and development of new compounds require intense studies in chemistry, biochemistry. Numerous experiments under laboratory-, greenhouse- and field conditions can be performed to select suitable candidates and to understand their full potential. Novel fungicides are fundamental to combat plant diseases. Fusarium solani is important plant pathogen. New broad spectrum foliar fungicides against complex II were designed in this study. Complex II, namely succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), or succinate quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) is a multi-subunit enzyme at the crossroads of TCA and ETC at the inner mitochondrial membrane. The need for new and innovative fungicides is driven by resistance management, regulatory hurdles and increasing customer expectations amongst others. Fungicidal activity was assessed for the effect on mycelial growth and spore germination of the fungi using fungicide amended media assay. In mycelial growth assay compounds C10 and C6 were highly active against all the isolates. The compounds C1 and C10 were found most potent in spore germination test. It fully proved that the SDHIs designed in this paper displayed as good inhibitory effects against Fusarium solani. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wilt" title="Wilt">Wilt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fusarium" title=" Fusarium"> Fusarium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SDH" title=" SDH"> SDH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifungal" title=" antifungal"> antifungal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70341/evaluating-antifungal-potential-of-respiratory-inhibitors-against-phyto-pathogenic-fungi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1246</span> Effects of Milling Process Parameters on Cutting Forces and Surface Roughness When Finishing Ti6al4v Produced by Electron Beam Melting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdulmajeed%20Dabwan">Abdulmajeed Dabwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saqib%20Anwar"> Saqib Anwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Al-Samhan"> Ali Al-Samhan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electron Beam Melting (EBM) is a metal powder bed-based Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology, which uses computer-controlled electron beams to create fully dense three-dimensional near-net-shaped parts from metal powder. It gives the ability to produce any complex parts directly from a computer-aided design (CAD) model without tools and dies, and with a variety of materials. However, the quality of the surface finish in EBM process has limitations to meeting the performance requirements of additively manufactured components. The aim of this study is to investigate the cutting forces induced during milling Ti6Al4V produced by EBM as well as the surface quality of the milled surfaces. The effects of cutting speed and radial depth of cut on the cutting forces, surface roughness, and surface morphology were investigated. The results indicated that the cutting speed was found to be proportional to the resultant cutting force at any cutting conditions while the surface roughness improved significantly with the increase in cutting speed and radial depth of cut. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electron%20beam%20melting" title="electron beam melting">electron beam melting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additive%20manufacturing" title=" additive manufacturing"> additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ti6Al4V" title=" Ti6Al4V"> Ti6Al4V</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20morphology" title=" surface morphology"> surface morphology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122114/effects-of-milling-process-parameters-on-cutting-forces-and-surface-roughness-when-finishing-ti6al4v-produced-by-electron-beam-melting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/122114.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1245</span> Digital Encoder Based Power Frequency Deviation Measurement </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Javed%20Arif">Syed Javed Arif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Ayyub%20Khan"> Mohd Ayyub Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saleem%20Anwar%20Khan"> Saleem Anwar Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a simple method is presented for measurement of power frequency deviations. A phase locked loop (PLL) is used to multiply the signal under test by a factor of 100. The number of pulses in this pulse train signal is counted over a stable known period, using decade driving assemblies (DDAs) and flip-flops. These signals are combined using logic gates and then passed through decade counters to give a unique combination of pulses or levels, which are further encoded. These pulses are equally suitable for both control applications and display units. The experimental circuit developed gives a resolution of 1 Hz within the measurement period of 20 ms. The proposed circuit is also simulated in Verilog Hardware Description Language (VHDL) and implemented using Field Programing Gate Arrays (FPGAs). A Mixed signal Oscilloscope (MSO) is used to observe the results of FPGA implementation. These results are compared with the results of the proposed circuit of discrete components. The proposed system is useful for frequency deviation measurement and control in power systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20measurement" title="frequency measurement">frequency measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20control" title=" digital control"> digital control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20locked%20loop" title=" phase locked loop"> phase locked loop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encoder" title=" encoder"> encoder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Verilog%20HDL" title=" Verilog HDL"> Verilog HDL</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92304/digital-encoder-based-power-frequency-deviation-measurement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92304.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1244</span> Iqbal's Philosophy of Action in the Light of Contemporary Philosophy of Action</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sevcan%20Ozturk">Sevcan Ozturk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this paper is to analyze the twentieth-century Muslim philosopher Muhammad Iqbal’s philosophy of action in the light of the main issues of contemporary philosophy of action. Iqbal is one of the most celebrated and eminent figures of modern Islamic thought. However, a review of the works on Iqbal shows that most of the central concepts of his philosophy have not received enough attention. His notion of ‘action’ in its philosophical context is one of these concepts. One of the main characteristics of Iqbal’s approach is that he develops his discussion around the main themes of contemporary philosophy of action, which includes ontological and conceptual questions regarding the nature of human actions. He also discusses that action is the only way to develop human personality, and that the human being can only achieve immortality promised by Islam through his actions. Therefore, while presenting an approach that can be read in the light of contemporary philosophy of action, which has become one of the significant parts of modern philosophical discussions in the west particularly since the nineteenth century, he, at the same time, develops his own philosophy of action in the light of Islamic resources. Consequently, these two main characteristics of his discussion of the notion of action make his philosophy of action an important contribution to contemporary philosophy of action, a field that ignores the discussions of Muslim philosophers on action. Therefore, this paper aims at highlighting Iqbal’s contribution to the modern debate of action by analysing Iqbal’s notion of action in the light of the contemporary issues of philosophy of action. This will, first of all, include an examination of contemporary action theory. Although the main discussions of contemporary philosophy of action will provide the methodology of this study, the main paradigms of Iqbal’s approach to the notion of action will also be considered during the examination of the discussions of philosophy of action. Then, Iqbal’s own philosophy of action will be established in the light of the contemporary philosophy of action. It is hoped that this paper will cultivate a dialogue between Iqbal scholars and those working in the field of philosophy of action, and that it will be a contribution to the fields of Iqbal studies, philosophy of action, and intercultural philosophy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=action" title="action">action</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development%20of%20personality" title=" development of personality"> development of personality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Iqbal" title=" Muhammad Iqbal"> Muhammad Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=philosophy%20of%20action" title=" philosophy of action"> philosophy of action</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64781/iqbals-philosophy-of-action-in-the-light-of-contemporary-philosophy-of-action" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64781.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1243</span> Estimating Heavy Metal Leakage and Environmental Damage from Cigarette Butt Disposal in Urban Areas through CBPI Evaluation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Faisal">Muhammad Faisal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zai-Jin%20You"> Zai-Jin You</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Naeem"> Muhammad Naeem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Concerns about the environment, public health, and the economy are raised by the fact that the world produces around 6 trillion cigarettes annually. Arguably the most pervasive forms of environmental litter, this dangerous trash must be eliminated. The researchers wanted to get an idea of how much pollution is seeping out of cigarette butts in metropolitan areas by studying their distribution and concentration. In order to accomplish this goal, the cigarette butt pollution indicator was applied in 29 different areas. The locations were monitored monthly for a full calendar year. The conditions for conducting the investigation of the venues were the same on both weekends and during the weekdays. By averaging the metal leakage ratio in various climates and the average weight of cigarette butts, we were able to estimate the total amount of heavy metal leakage. The findings revealed that the annual average value of the index for the areas that were investigated ranged from 1.38 to 10.4. According to these numbers, just 27.5% of the areas had a low pollution rating, while 43.5% had a major pollution status or worse. Weekends witnessed the largest fall (31% on average) in all locations' indices, while spring and summer saw the largest increase (26% on average) compared to autumn and winter. It was calculated that the average amount of heavy metals such as Cr, Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb that seep into the environment from discarded cigarette butts in commercial, residential, and park areas, respectively, is 0.25 µg/m2, 0.078 µg/m2, and 0.18 µg/m2. Butt from cigarettes is one of the most prevalent forms of litter in the area that was examined. This litter is the origin of a wide variety of contaminants, including heavy metals. This toxic garbage poses a significant risk to the city. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal" title="heavy metal">heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hazardous%20waste" title=" hazardous waste"> hazardous waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste%20management" title=" waste management"> waste management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=litter" title=" litter"> litter</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166982/estimating-heavy-metal-leakage-and-environmental-damage-from-cigarette-butt-disposal-in-urban-areas-through-cbpi-evaluation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166982.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1242</span> A Study of Preliminary Findings of Behavioral Patterns under Captive Conditions in Chinkara (Gazella bennettii) with Prospects for Future Conservation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Idnan">Muhammad Idnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arshad%20Javid"> Arshad Javid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Nadeem"> Muhammad Nadeem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was conducted from April 2013 to March 2014 to observe the behavioral parameters of Chinkara (Gazella bennettii) under captive conditions by comparing the captive-born and wild-caught animals for conservation strategies. Understanding the behavioral conformations plays a significant role in captive management. Due to human population explosion and mechanized hunting, the captive breeding seems to be the best way for sports hunting, bush meat, for leather industry and horns for traditional medicinal usage. Primarily, captive management has been used on trial and error basis due to deficiency of ethology of this least concerned species. Behavior of [(20 wild-caught (WC) and 10 captive-bred (CB)] adult Chinkara was observed at captive breeding facilities for ungulates at Ravi Campus, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences at Kasur district which is situated on southeast side of Lahore. The average annual rainfall is about 650 mm, with frequent raining during monsoon. A focal sample was used to observe the various behavioral patterns for CB and WC chinkara. A similarity was observed in behavioral parameters in WC and CB animals, however, when the differences were considered, WC male deer showed a significantly higher degree of agonistic interaction as compared to the CB male chinkara. These findings suggest that there is no immediate impact of captivity on behavior of chinkara nevertheless 10 generations of captivity. It is suggested that the Chinkara is not suitable for domestication and for successful deer farming, a further study is recommended for ethology of chinkara. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinkara%20%28Gazella%20bennettii%29" title="Chinkara (Gazella bennettii)">Chinkara (Gazella bennettii)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domestication" title=" domestication"> domestication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deer%20farming" title=" deer farming"> deer farming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ex-situ%20conservation" title=" ex-situ conservation"> ex-situ conservation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88746/a-study-of-preliminary-findings-of-behavioral-patterns-under-captive-conditions-in-chinkara-gazella-bennettii-with-prospects-for-future-conservation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88746.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1241</span> Reducing CO2 Emission Using EDA and Weighted Sum Model in Smart Parking System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahman%20Ali">Rahman Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sajjad"> Muhammad Sajjad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farkhund%20Iqbal"> Farkhund Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Sadiq%20Hassan%20Zada"> Muhammad Sadiq Hassan Zada</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Hussain"> Mohammed Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Emission of Carbon Dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) has adversely affected the environment. One of the major sources of CO<sub>2 </sub>emission is transportation. In the last few decades, the increase in mobility of people using vehicles has enormously increased the emission of CO<sub>2</sub> in the environment. To reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emission, sustainable transportation system is required in which smart parking is one of the important measures that need to be established. To contribute to the issue of reducing the amount of CO<sub>2 </sub>emission, this research proposes a smart parking system. A cloud-based solution is provided to the drivers which automatically searches and recommends the most preferred parking slots. To determine preferences of the parking areas, this methodology exploits a number of unique parking features which ultimately results in the selection of a parking that leads to minimum level of CO<sub>2 </sub>emission from the current position of the vehicle. To realize the methodology, a scenario-based implementation is considered. During the implementation, a mobile application with GPS signals, vehicles with a number of vehicle features and a list of parking areas with parking features are used by sorting, multi-level filtering, exploratory data analysis (EDA, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)) and weighted sum model (WSM) to rank the parking areas and recommend the drivers with top-k most preferred parking areas. In the EDA process, “2020testcar-2020-03-03”, a freely available dataset is used to estimate CO<sub>2 </sub>emission of a particular vehicle. To evaluate the system, results of the proposed system are compared with the conventional approach, which reveal that the proposed methodology supersedes the conventional one in reducing the emission of CO<sub>2 </sub>into the atmosphere. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=car%20parking" title="car parking">car parking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Co2" title=" Co2"> Co2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Co2%20reduction" title=" Co2 reduction"> Co2 reduction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT" title=" IoT"> IoT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=merge%20sort" title=" merge sort"> merge sort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=number%20plate%20recognition" title=" number plate recognition"> number plate recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20car%20parking" title=" smart car parking"> smart car parking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128420/reducing-co2-emission-using-eda-and-weighted-sum-model-in-smart-parking-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/128420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">150</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1240</span> A Pilot Epidemiological Survey of Parasitic Problems of Goats in and Around Derawar Fort Area, Cholistan, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Tahir%20Riaz">Muhammad Tahir Riaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khalid%20Mehmood"> Khalid Mehmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Waseem%20Akhtar"> Ahmad Waseem Akhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tariq%20Abbas"> Tariq Abbas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadaqat%20Ali"> Sadaqat Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Altaf"> Muhammad Altaf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Livestock sector contributes around 55.9 and 11.8% to agriculture and GDP respectively, according to economic survey of Pakistan 2013-2014. The goats population has been estimated about 66.6 million (M). Parasitic infestation is a major health problem in goats causing loss in body weight, poor body condition, low birth weights, and difficulty in kidding. Keeping in view the utilization of these animals in the country, a pilot epidemiological survey was conducted to find out the major parasitic problems of goats in and around Derawar fort area, Cholistan. Data regarding 662 fecal samples of goats was collected from 25 tobas of Cholistan during June 2012 to June 2013. All the fecal samples were examined through Direct Smear Method and Salt Flotation Technique for the presence of helminth eggs. External parasites were taken from the various components of the carcass of goat and were conserved in 70% alcohol in hygienic, properly enclosed glass jars that were tagged thoroughly. The collected date was analyzed statistically by Chi-square test to find out the prevalence in goats. Out of 662 goats, 261 (39.42%) were found positive for parasites. 233 (35.20%) goats were found positive for gastrointestinal parasites while 28 (4.23%) were positive for external parasites including ticks 20 (3.02%) and mange 8 (1.21%). The higher prevalence of parasites in the study area may be due to pasture grazing, poor management and lack of extension work. In this regards proper management and control measures should be adopted to minimize the Parasitic Problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cholistan" title="Cholistan">Cholistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=goats" title=" goats"> goats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parasite" title=" parasite"> parasite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surveillance" title=" surveillance"> surveillance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25098/a-pilot-epidemiological-survey-of-parasitic-problems-of-goats-in-and-around-derawar-fort-area-cholistan-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">573</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1239</span> Implementation of Integer Sub-Decomposition Method on Elliptic Curves with J-Invariant 1728</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siti%20Noor%20Farwina%20Anwar">Siti Noor Farwina Anwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hailiza%20Kamarulhaili"> Hailiza Kamarulhaili</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we present the idea of implementing the Integer Sub-Decomposition (ISD) method on elliptic curves with j-invariant 1728. The ISD method was proposed in 2013 to compute scalar multiplication in elliptic curves, which remains to be the most expensive operation in Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC). However, the original ISD method only works on integer number field and solve integer scalar multiplication. By extending the method into the complex quadratic field, we are able to solve complex multiplication and implement the ISD method on elliptic curves with j-invariant 1728. The curve with j-invariant 1728 has a unique discriminant of the imaginary quadratic field. This unique discriminant of quadratic field yields a unique efficiently computable endomorphism, which later able to speed up the computations on this curve. However, the ISD method needs three endomorphisms to be accomplished. Hence, we choose all three endomorphisms to be from the same imaginary quadratic field as the curve itself, where the first endomorphism is the unique endomorphism yield from the discriminant of the imaginary quadratic field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiently%20computable%20endomorphism" title="efficiently computable endomorphism">efficiently computable endomorphism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elliptic%20scalar%20multiplication" title=" elliptic scalar multiplication"> elliptic scalar multiplication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=j-invariant%201728" title=" j-invariant 1728"> j-invariant 1728</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quadratic%20field" title=" quadratic field"> quadratic field</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89234/implementation-of-integer-sub-decomposition-method-on-elliptic-curves-with-j-invariant-1728" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89234.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1238</span> Catalytic Synthesis and Characterization of N-(4-(Tert-Butyl) Benzyl)-1-(4-Tert-Butyl) Phenyl)-N-Methyl Methanaminium Chloride from Tert-Butyl Benzyl Derivatives</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20A.%20Muhammad">Muhammad A. Muhammad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Butenafine (N-4-tert-butyl benzyl-N-methyl-1-naphthylene methylamine hydrochloride) is a benzylamine antimycotic (antifungal) agent that has a broad spectrum of action. The quest for improved antimycotic action brought about many research on the structure-activity properties of butenafine in relation to other antifungal agents. Of all those research, only little or no effort was recorded on the substituents attached to the aromatic systems in butenafine. In this research, N-(4-(tert-butyl) benzyl)-1-(4-tert-butyl) phenyl)-N-methyl methanaminium chloride, which is a butenafine analogue was synthesised from tert-butyl benzyl derivatives, by reductive amination using various solvents through a direct approach, where 1,2-dichloroethane gave the best solvent action at 40 °C (Yield: 75%) and of all the reducing agents used, sodium borohydride was found to give the best reducing action in the presence of silica chloride at room temperature (Yield: 50%). Characterization of the compound by 1H NMR showed a singlet peak of 18 hydrogen atoms with a chemical shift at 1.3-1.5 ppm for the presence of 6 methyl groups in the two tert-butyl substituents, the 13C NMR also indicated the presence of the two tert-butyl substituents by the peak with a chemical shift at 31-32 ppm for the six methyl carbon atoms, the IR indicated the presence of a tertiary ammonium ion by a strong band at 2460 cm-1 and finally the EIS-MS confirmed the molar mass of the compound by a mass to charge ratio of 324.2693. These results suggested that the target molecule was actually synthesised and therefore, 1,2-dichloroethane is a good solvent for this synthesis, and the most suitable reducing agent is sodium borohydride. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimicrobial%20agents" title="antimicrobial agents">antimicrobial agents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimycotic%20agents" title=" antimycotic agents"> antimycotic agents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=butenafine" title=" butenafine"> butenafine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemotherapeutic%20agents" title=" chemotherapeutic agents"> chemotherapeutic agents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semisynthetic%20agents" title=" semisynthetic agents"> semisynthetic agents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51364/catalytic-synthesis-and-characterization-of-n-4-tert-butyl-benzyl-1-4-tert-butyl-phenyl-n-methyl-methanaminium-chloride-from-tert-butyl-benzyl-derivatives" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51364.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1237</span> The Effect of Institutions on Economic Growth: An Analysis Based on Bayesian Panel Data Estimation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Anwar">Mohammad Anwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shah%20Waliullah"> Shah Waliullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated panel data regression models. This paper used Bayesian and classical methods to study the impact of institutions on economic growth from data (1990-2014), especially in developing countries. Under the classical and Bayesian methodology, the two-panel data models were estimated, which are common effects and fixed effects. For the Bayesian approach, the prior information is used in this paper, and normal gamma prior is used for the panel data models. The analysis was done through WinBUGS14 software. The estimated results of the study showed that panel data models are valid models in Bayesian methodology. In the Bayesian approach, the effects of all independent variables were positively and significantly affected by the dependent variables. Based on the standard errors of all models, we must say that the fixed effect model is the best model in the Bayesian estimation of panel data models. Also, it was proved that the fixed effect model has the lowest value of standard error, as compared to other models. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayesian%20approach" title="Bayesian approach">Bayesian approach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=common%20effect" title=" common effect"> common effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed%20effect" title=" fixed effect"> fixed effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20effect" title=" random effect"> random effect</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dynamic%20Random%20Effect%20Model" title=" Dynamic Random Effect Model"> Dynamic Random Effect Model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161692/the-effect-of-institutions-on-economic-growth-an-analysis-based-on-bayesian-panel-data-estimation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161692.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">76</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1236</span> Effect of Botanical and Synthetic Insecticide on Different Insect Pests and Yield of Pea (Pisum sativum)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Saeed">Muhammad Saeed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazeer%20Ahmed"> Nazeer Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukhtar%20Alam"> Mukhtar Alam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazli%20Subhan"> Fazli Subhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Adnan"> Muhammad Adnan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fazli%20Wahid"> Fazli Wahid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hidayat%20Ullah"> Hidayat Ullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafiullah"> Rafiullah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present experiment evaluated different synthetic insecticides against Jassid (Amrasca devastations) on pea crop at Agriculture Research Institute Tarnab, Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The field was prepared to cultivate okra crop in Randomized Complete Block (RCB) Design having six treatments with four replications. Plant to plant and row to row distance was kept at 15 cm and 30 cm, respectively. Pre and post spray data were recorded randomly from the top, middle and bottom leaves of five selected plants. Five synthetic insecticides, namely Confidor (Proponil), a neonicotinoid insecticide, Chlorpyrifos (chlorinated organophosphate (OP) insecticide), Lazer (dinitroaniline) (Pendimethaline), Imidacloprid (neonicotinoids insecticide) and Thiodan (Endosulfan, organochlorine insecticide), were used against infestation of aphids, pea pod borer, stem fly, leaf minor and pea weevil. Each synthetic insecticide showed significantly more effectiveness than control (untreated plots) but was non-significant among each other. The lowest population density was recorded in the plot treated with synthetic insecticide i.e. Confidor (0.6175 liter.ha-1) (4.24 aphids plant⁻¹) which is followed by Imidacloprid (0.6175 liter.ha⁻¹) (4.64 pea pod borer plant⁻¹), Thiodan (1.729 liter.ha⁻¹) (4.78 leaf minor plant⁻¹), Lazer (2.47 liter.ha-1) (4.91 pea weevil plant⁻¹), Chlorpyrifos (1.86 liter.ha⁻¹) (5.11 stem fly plant⁻¹), respectively while the highest population was recorded from the control plot. It is concluded from the data that the residual effect decreases with time after the application of spray, which may be less dangerous to the environment and human beings and can effectively manage this dread. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=okra%20crop" title="okra crop">okra crop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jassids" title=" jassids"> jassids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Confidor" title=" Confidor"> Confidor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=imidacloprid" title=" imidacloprid"> imidacloprid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chlorpyrifos" title=" chlorpyrifos"> chlorpyrifos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser" title=" laser"> laser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thiodan" title=" Thiodan"> Thiodan</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147696/effect-of-botanical-and-synthetic-insecticide-on-different-insect-pests-and-yield-of-pea-pisum-sativum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/147696.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1235</span> Trajectory Optimization of Re-Entry Vehicle Using Evolutionary Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Umar%20Kiani">Muhammad Umar Kiani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Shahbaz"> Muhammad Shahbaz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Performance of any vehicle can be predicted by its design/modeling and optimization. Design optimization leads to efficient performance. Followed by horizontal launch, the air launch re-entry vehicle undergoes a launch maneuver by introducing a carefully selected angle of attack profile. This angle of attack profile is the basic element to complete a specified mission. Flight program of said vehicle is optimized under the constraints of the maximum allowed angle of attack, lateral and axial loads and with the objective of reaching maximum altitude. The main focus of this study is the endo-atmospheric phase of the ascent trajectory. A three degrees of freedom trajectory model is simulated in MATLAB. The optimization process uses evolutionary algorithm, because of its robustness and efficient capacity to explore the design space in search of the global optimum. Evolutionary Algorithm based trajectory optimization also offers the added benefit of being a generalized method that may work with continuous, discontinuous, linear, and non-linear performance matrix. It also eliminates the requirement of a starting solution. Optimization is particularly beneficial to achieve maximum advantage without increasing the computational cost and affecting the output of the system. For the case of launch vehicles we are immensely anxious to achieve maximum performance and efficiency under different constraints. In a launch vehicle, flight program means the prescribed variation of vehicle pitching angle during the flight which has substantial influence reachable altitude and accuracy of orbit insertion and aerodynamic loading. Results reveal that the angle of attack profile significantly affects the performance of the vehicle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endo-atmospheric" title="endo-atmospheric">endo-atmospheric</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evolutionary%20algorithm" title=" evolutionary algorithm"> evolutionary algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficient%20performance" title=" efficient performance"> efficient performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization%20process" title=" optimization process"> optimization process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1946/trajectory-optimization-of-re-entry-vehicle-using-evolutionary-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1946.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1234</span> A Study of Fatigue Life Estimation of a Modular Unmanned Aerial Vehicle by Developing a Structural Health Monitoring System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zain%20Ul%20Hassan">Zain Ul Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Zain%20Ul%20Abadin"> Muhammad Zain Ul Abadin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Zubair%20Khan"> Muhammad Zubair Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have now become of predominant importance for various operations, and an immense amount of work is going on in this specific category. The structural stability and life of these UAVs is key factor that should be considered while deploying them to different intelligent operations as their failure leads to loss of sensitive real-time data and cost. This paper presents an applied research on the development of a structural health monitoring system for a UAV designed and fabricated by deploying modular approach. Firstly, a modular UAV has been designed which allows to dismantle and to reassemble the components of the UAV without effecting the whole assembly of UAV. This novel approach makes the vehicle very sustainable and decreases its maintenance cost to a significant value by making possible to replace only the part leading to failure. Then the SHM for the designed architecture of the UAV had been specified as a combination of wings integrated with strain gauges, on-board data logger, bridge circuitry and the ground station. For the research purpose sensors have only been attached to the wings being the most load bearing part and as per analysis was done on ANSYS. On the basis of analysis of the load time spectrum obtained by the data logger during flight, fatigue life of the respective component has been predicted using fracture mechanics techniques of Rain Flow Method and Miner’s Rule. Thus allowing us to monitor the health of a specified component time to time aiding to avoid any failure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fracture%20mechanics" title="fracture mechanics">fracture mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rain%20flow%20method" title=" rain flow method"> rain flow method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20health%20monitoring%20system" title=" structural health monitoring system"> structural health monitoring system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unmanned%20aerial%20vehicle" title=" unmanned aerial vehicle"> unmanned aerial vehicle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80617/a-study-of-fatigue-life-estimation-of-a-modular-unmanned-aerial-vehicle-by-developing-a-structural-health-monitoring-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1233</span> Assessment of Heavy Metal Bioaccumulation by Tissues of Ipomoea Batatas and Manihot Esculenta Irrigated with Water from Muhammad Ayuba Dam, Kazaure, Jigawa State, Nigeria</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sa%E2%80%99idu%20A.%20Abdullah">Sa’idu A. Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jafar%20Lawan"> Jafar Lawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20U.%20Adamu"> A. U. Adamu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fowotade"> Fowotade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A."> S. A.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamisu%20Abdu"> Hamisu Abdu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Scarcity of quality water in many communities compels inhabitants to use any available water resources for domestic, recreational, industrial and agricultural purposes. Global concern on the potential health hazards of anthropogenic inputs into our ecosystems imposes the need for constant monitoring of levels of pollutants in order to ensure compliance with internationally acceptable criteria. In this research, assessment of bioaccumulation of Cd, Co, Cu, Pb and Zn was carried out using tissues of Ipomoea batatas (sweet potato) and Manihot esculenta (cassava) irrigated with water from Muhammad Ayuba Dam in Kazaure, Jigawa State. The metal concentrations were determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (FAAS). The result of the analysis revealed the presence of the metals in varying concentrations. Cd and Co showed higher concentrations in the tubers of Manihot esculenta but all the other investigated metals were more concentrated in the leaves of the plant. Cd and Cu on the other hand showed higher concentration in the root of Ipomoea batatas while the remaining investigated metals were concentrated more in the leaves of the plant. The result of analysis of water samples from five sampling stations in the Dam showed the presence of the metals as follows: Cd, (0.063±0.02 mg/L), Co (0.086±0.03 mg/L), Cu (0.167±0.08 mg/L), Pb (0.22±0.01 mg/L) and Zn (0.047±0.01 mg/L) respectively. The results of bioaccumulation studies using the Bioaccumulation Factors (BAF) index indicated Ipomoea batatas to have higher bioaccumulation potential for Cd, Co and Cu while Pb and Zn were more accumulated in Manihot esculenta. The levels of the metals in both the water samples and plant tissues were all below the WHO permissible limit. This is indicative that the inhabitants of the community under investigation are not at any health risk. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture" title="agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioaccumulation" title=" bioaccumulation"> bioaccumulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal" title=" heavy metal"> heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20tissues" title=" plant tissues"> plant tissues</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26756/assessment-of-heavy-metal-bioaccumulation-by-tissues-of-ipomoea-batatas-and-manihot-esculenta-irrigated-with-water-from-muhammad-ayuba-dam-kazaure-jigawa-state-nigeria" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26756.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1232</span> The Effectiveness of Electronic Local Financial Management Information System (ELFMIS) in Mempawah Regency, West Borneo Province, Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhadam%20Labolo">Muhadam Labolo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afdal%20R.%20Anwar"> Afdal R. Anwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sucia%20Miranti%20Sipisang"> Sucia Miranti Sipisang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Electronic Local Finance Management Information System (ELFMIS) is integrated application that was used as a tool for local governments to improve the effectiveness of the implementation of the various areas of financial management regulations. Appropriate With Exceptions Opinion (WDP) of Indonesia Audit Agency (BPK) for local governments Mempawah is a financial management problem that must be improved to avoid mistakes in decision-making. The use of Electronic Local Finance Management Information System (ELFMIS) by Mempawah authority has not yet performed maximally. These problems became the basis for research in measuring the effectiveness LFMIS in Mempawah regency. This research uses an indicator variable for measuring information systems effectiveness proposed by Bodnar. This research made use descriptive with inductive approach. Data collection techniques were mixed from qualitative and quantitative techniques, used questionnaires, interviews and documentation. The obstacles in Local Finance Board (LFB) for the application of ELFMIS such as connection, the quality and quantity of human resources, realization of financial resources, absence of maintenance and another facilities of ELFMIS and verification for financial information. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effectiveness" title="effectiveness">effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E-LFMIS" title=" E-LFMIS"> E-LFMIS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finance" title=" finance"> finance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20government" title=" local government"> local government</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system" title=" system"> system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50602/the-effectiveness-of-electronic-local-financial-management-information-system-elfmis-in-mempawah-regency-west-borneo-province-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50602.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1231</span> Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis: Predicting and Improving Students’ Summative Assessment Math Scores at the National College for Nuclear</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelmenen%20Abobghala">Abdelmenen Abobghala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmud%20Ahmed"> Mahmud Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Alwaheshi"> Mohamed Alwaheshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anwar%20Fanan"> Anwar Fanan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meftah%20Mehdawi"> Meftah Mehdawi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Abuhatira"> Ahmed Abuhatira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to predict academic performance and identify weak points in students to aid teachers in understanding their learning needs. Both quantitative and qualitative methods are used to identify difficult test items and the factors causing difficulties. The study uses interventions like focus group discussions, interviews, and action plans developed by the students themselves. The research questions explore the predictability of final grades based on mock exams and assignments, the student's response to action plans, and the impact on learning performance. Ethical considerations are followed, respecting student privacy and maintaining anonymity. The research aims to enhance student engagement, motivation, and responsibility for learning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prediction" title="prediction">prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20performance" title=" academic performance"> academic performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weak%20points" title=" weak points"> weak points</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=understanding" title=" understanding"> understanding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning" title=" learning"> learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20methods" title=" quantitative methods"> quantitative methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qualitative%20methods" title=" qualitative methods"> qualitative methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formative%20assessments" title=" formative assessments"> formative assessments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feedback" title=" feedback"> feedback</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotional%20responses" title=" emotional responses"> emotional responses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intervention" title=" intervention"> intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=focus%20group%20discussion" title=" focus group discussion"> focus group discussion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interview" title=" interview"> interview</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=action%20plan" title=" action plan"> action plan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%20engagement" title=" student engagement"> student engagement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivation" title=" motivation"> motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=responsibility" title=" responsibility"> responsibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethical%20considerations" title=" ethical considerations"> ethical considerations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170331/quantitative-and-qualitative-analysis-predicting-and-improving-students-summative-assessment-math-scores-at-the-national-college-for-nuclear" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170331.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">74</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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