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Christopher Chapman - Wikipedia

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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Canadian film director (1927-2015)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Christopher Chapman</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1927-01-24</span>)</span>January 24, 1927<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 24, 2015<span style="display:none">(2015-10-24)</span> (aged&#160;88)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Uxbridge,_Ontario" title="Uxbridge, Ontario">Uxbridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Film Director</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years&#160;active</th><td class="infobox-data">1954–1976</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Christopher Chapman</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">CM</a></span>&#32;<span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Academy_of_Arts" title="Royal Canadian Academy of Arts">RCA</a></span></span> (January 24, 1927 – October 24, 2015) was a Canadian film writer, director, editor and cinematographer. Best known for his award-winning 1967 short film <i><a href="/wiki/A_Place_to_Stand_(film)" title="A Place to Stand (film)">A Place to Stand</a></i>, he also pioneered the <a href="/wiki/Multi-dynamic_image_technique" title="Multi-dynamic image technique">multi-dynamic image technique</a> used in films and television shows.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoffman_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stoffman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Chapman&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chapman was born in <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, shortly after midnight on January 24, 1927, and just minutes after his twin brother <a href="/wiki/Francis_Chapman" title="Francis Chapman">Francis</a>. Christopher and his twin had four elder siblings, Philippa, Howard, Robert, and Sally. Another brother, Julian, died in infancy.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoffman_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stoffman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> They were children of distinguished architect Alfred Hirschfelder Chapman (of <a href="/wiki/Chapman_and_Oxley" title="Chapman and Oxley">Chapman and Oxley</a>) and concert pianist Doris Chapman. </p><p>In the 1950s, Christopher spent a year in England designing cars for the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> before returning to Canada and becoming a filmmaker.<sup id="cite_ref-Obit_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chapman was married to Barbara-Glen Chapman (née Kennedy), his wife of 44 years. He died at the age of 88 on October 24, 2015, at his residence in ReachView Village, a long-term care facility in <a href="/wiki/Uxbridge,_Ontario" title="Uxbridge, Ontario">Uxbridge, Ontario</a>. He was survived by his wife and son Julian Chapman (former Deputy Commander of <a href="/wiki/4th_Canadian_Division" title="4th Canadian Division">4th Canadian Division</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Army" title="Canadian Army">Canadian Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Brigadier General">Brigadier General</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Obit_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Chapman&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Over his career, Chapman made approximately 40 films for television, the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada">National Film Board of Canada</a>, theatrical release, tourism organizations, science centres, and international expositions.<sup id="cite_ref-Stoffman_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stoffman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Chapman's first film, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Seasons_(film)" title="The Seasons (film)">The Seasons</a></i>, won the <a href="/wiki/6th_Canadian_Film_Awards" title="6th Canadian Film Awards">Canadian Film Award</a> (CFA) for Film of the Year in 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1965 Christopher and Francis Chapman jointly won the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Film_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Film Award">Canadian Film Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Screen_Award_for_Best_Cinematography" title="Canadian Screen Award for Best Cinematography">Best Colour Cinematography</a> at the <a href="/wiki/17th_Canadian_Film_Awards" title="17th Canadian Film Awards">17th Canadian Film Awards</a> for <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Expedition_Bluenose&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Expedition Bluenose (page does not exist)">Expedition Bluenose</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-topalovich_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-topalovich-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another of his films to win the <a href="/wiki/20th_Canadian_Film_Awards" title="20th Canadian Film Awards">CFA Film of Year</a> was his 1967 short, <i><a href="/wiki/A_Place_to_Stand_(film)" title="A Place to Stand (film)">A Place to Stand</a></i>, which also received two <a href="/wiki/40th_Academy_Awards" title="40th Academy Awards">Academy Award</a> nominations in 1968, winning the one for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Live_Action_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film">Best Live-Action Short</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Obit_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The film, commissioned by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ontario" title="Government of Ontario">Government of Ontario</a>, featured Chapman's innovative <a href="/wiki/Multi-dynamic_image_technique" title="Multi-dynamic image technique">multi-dynamic image technique</a> (or 'the Brady Bunch effect'), wherein moving panes of moving images are used within the single context of the screen. Over a year of filming, Chapman shot 70 kilometres (43 miles) of film, which he then edited into 18 minutes, though the images moving across the screen were the equivalent of an hour and three-quarters of film.<sup id="cite_ref-Place_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Place-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The process exhausted Chapman and he was still unsure of using it until its first screening occurred: "There were a couple of <a href="/wiki/Stenographers" class="mw-redirect" title="Stenographers">stenographers</a>, who were eating their lunch watching the screening, and they were agog," Chapman said. "But I wanted to run. I was exhausted and thought it was a failure, but a chap grabbed me as I was going out the door. He'd been standing at the back of the screening room and said he was blown away by it. It was <a href="/wiki/Steve_McQueen" title="Steve McQueen">Steve McQueen</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Place_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Place-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1968, McQueen starred in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Thomas_Crown_Affair_(1968_film)" title="The Thomas Crown Affair (1968 film)">The Thomas Crown Affair</a></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Jewison" title="Norman Jewison">Norman Jewison</a>, a film that used Chapman's split-screen technique. Jewison added the multiple-image sequences into the film after seeing <i>A Place to Stand</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Place_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Place-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Over the years since, many films and television series have used the technique, with the most recent known to be the American series <i><a href="/wiki/24_(TV_series)" title="24 (TV series)">24</a></i>, which, by using the technique, documented the simultaneous actions of its characters.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1970, Chapman directed a film for the <a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Company" title="Hudson&#39;s Bay Company">Hudson’s Bay Company</a>, called <i>Impressions</i>, as part of HBC's 300th anniversary celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>Impressions</i>, another film of Chapman’s to use his multiple-dynamic technique, follows the HBC's 300-year history using both historic and modern images: iconic images of the <a href="/wiki/Fur_trade" title="Fur trade">fur trade</a> are paired with modern department stores; scenes of farming are shown with oil production are seen, and so on.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1984, Francis and Christopher Chapman collaborated on a three-dimensional nature film for the nascent <a href="/wiki/Science_North" title="Science North">Science North</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filmography">Filmography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Chapman&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Film </th> <th>Type </th> <th>Awards and nominations </th></tr> <tr> <td>1954 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Seasons_(film)" title="The Seasons (film)">The Seasons</a></i> </td> <td>Documentary short </td> <td>Won: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Screen_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture" title="Canadian Screen Award for Best Motion Picture">Film of the Year</a> (<a href="/wiki/6th_Canadian_Film_Awards" title="6th Canadian Film Awards">6th Canadian Film Awards</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1963 </td> <td><i>Lewis Mumford on the City</i> <ul><li>Part 1: The City - Heaven and Hell</li> <li>Part 2: The City - Cars or People?</li> <li>Part 3: The City and Its Region</li></ul> </td> <td>Documentary short </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1964 </td> <td><i>The Persistent Seed</i> </td> <td>Documentary short </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1964 </td> <td><i>Magic Molecule</i> </td> <td>Documentary short </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1964 </td> <td><i>The Enduring Wilderness</i> </td> <td>Promotional film </td> <td>Produced for the National Parks Branch by the National Film Board. Chapman credited as "Photographer".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1967 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Place_to_Stand_(film)" title="A Place to Stand (film)">A Place to Stand</a></i> </td> <td>Documentary short </td> <td>Won: Film of the Year (<a href="/wiki/20th_Canadian_Film_Awards" title="20th Canadian Film Awards">20th Canadian Film Awards</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Obit_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Won: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Live_Action_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film">Best Live Action Short Subject</a> (<a href="/wiki/40th_Academy_Awards" title="40th Academy Awards">40th Academy Awards</a>) <p>Nominated: <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Documentary_(Short_Subject)" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Documentary (Short Subject)">Best Documentary Short Subject</a> (40th Academy Awards) </p><p>Nominated: Best Short Film (<a href="/wiki/Chicago_International_Film_Festival" title="Chicago International Film Festival">Chicago International Film Festival</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970 </td> <td>Impressions<sup id="cite_ref-:1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Promotional film </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1976 </td> <td><i>A Sense of Humus</i> </td> <td>Documentary short </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Kelly_(film)" title="Kelly (film)">Kelly</a></i> </td> <td>Narrative feature </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors">Honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Chapman&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to his film honors, Chapman was appointed a member of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Canada" title="Order of Canada">Order of Canada</a> in 1987 and awarded a <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Law#Canada" title="Doctor of Law">Doctor of Laws</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ryerson_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Ryerson University">Ryerson University</a> in 2000. Chapman served as president of both the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Academy_of_Arts" title="Royal Canadian Academy of Arts">Royal Canadian Academy of Arts</a> and the Directors Guild of Canada. He was also a member of <a href="/wiki/The_Arts_and_Letters_Club_of_Toronto" class="mw-redirect" title="The Arts and Letters Club of Toronto">The Arts and Letters Club of Toronto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Obit_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Obit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Chapman&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Stoffman-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stoffman_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stoffman_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stoffman_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStoffman2015" class="citation news cs1">Stoffman, Judy (30 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/christopher-chapman-oscar-winner-invented-brady-bunch-effect/article27056899/">"Christopher Chapman: Oscar winner invented 'Brady Bunch effect'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Globe and Mail</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Globe+and+Mail&amp;rft.atitle=Christopher+Chapman%3A+Oscar+winner+invented+%27Brady+Bunch+effect%27&amp;rft.date=2015-10-30&amp;rft.aulast=Stoffman&amp;rft.aufirst=Judy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fchristopher-chapman-oscar-winner-invented-brady-bunch-effect%2Farticle27056899%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Chapman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Obit-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Obit_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Obit_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Obit_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Obit_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Obit_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160402095000/http://v1.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/Deaths.20151026.93367143/BDAStory/BDA/deaths">"Christopher Chapman CM, RCA, LL.D (hon) Jan 24, 1927 - Oct 24, 2015"</a>. <i>theglobeandmail.com</i>. October 26, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.v1.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/Deaths.20151026.93367143/BDAStory/BDA/deaths">the original</a> on April 2, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=theglobeandmail.com&amp;rft.atitle=Christopher+Chapman+CM%2C+RCA%2C+LL.D+%28hon%29+Jan+24%2C+1927+-+Oct+24%2C+2015&amp;rft.date=2015-10-26&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.v1.theglobeandmail.com%2Fservlet%2Fstory%2FDeaths.20151026.93367143%2FBDAStory%2FBDA%2Fdeaths&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Chapman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26965964/">Christopher Chapman, Toronto Wins Award for The Seasons</a>." <i>Montreal Gazette</i>. April 22, 1954. p. 13. – via Newspapers.com.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-topalovich-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-topalovich_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Maria Topalovich, <i>And the Genie Goes To...: Celebrating 50 Years of the Canadian Film Awards</i>. <a href="/wiki/Stoddart_Publishing" title="Stoddart Publishing">Stoddart Publishing</a>, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7737-3238-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7737-3238-1">0-7737-3238-1</a>. pp. 69-71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Place-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Place_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Place_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Place_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScrivener2007" class="citation web cs1">Scrivener, Leslie (April 22, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2007/04/22/forty_years_on_a_song_retains_its_standing.html">"Forty years on, a song retains its standing"</a>. <i>thestar.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=thestar.com&amp;rft.atitle=Forty+years+on%2C+a+song+retains+its+standing&amp;rft.date=2007-04-22&amp;rft.aulast=Scrivener&amp;rft.aufirst=Leslie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2F2007%2F04%2F22%2Fforty_years_on_a_song_retains_its_standing.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Chapman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joel_Surnow" title="Joel Surnow">Joel Surnow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Cochran_(TV_producer)" title="Robert Cochran (TV producer)">Robert Cochran</a> (co-creators) (May 20, 2008). <i>24: The Complete First Season (Special Edition)&#160;– "The Genesis of 24"</i> (DVD). 20th Century Fox.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=24%3A+The+Complete+First+Season+%28Special+Edition%29+%E2%80%93+%22The+Genesis+of+24%22&amp;rft.pub=20th+Century+Fox&amp;rft.date=2008-05-20&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Chapman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pam.minisisinc.com/scripts/mwimain.dll/144/LISTINGS_IMAGES/LISTINGS_DET_IMAGES/SISN%20481323?sessionsearch">Impressions</a>. <i>Keystone Archives Descriptive Database</i>. Winnipeg, MB: Archives of Manitoba.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.mb.ca/chc/archives/exhibits/streaming_films.html?panel=panel_highlights_impressions_1970#TabbedPanels">Highlights from <i>Impressions</i> (1970)</a>." Archives of Manitoba. July 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pam Hobbs, "Face to face with nature at Science North". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a></i>, August 11, 1984.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44819475">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"The Enduring Wilderness"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Teaching Aids News</i>. <b>4</b> (22): 15. 1964. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2578-8434">2578-8434</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44819475">44819475</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Teaching+Aids+News&amp;rft.atitle=%22The+Enduring+Wilderness%22&amp;rft.volume=4&amp;rft.issue=22&amp;rft.pages=15&amp;rft.date=1964&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44819475%23id-name%3DJSTOR&amp;rft.issn=2578-8434&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44819475&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Chapman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000165/1967/1">"Chicago International Film Festival (1967)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IMDb&amp;rft.atitle=Chicago+International+Film+Festival+%281967%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fevent%2Fev0000165%2F1967%2F1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChristopher+Chapman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Chapman&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0152326/">Christopher Chapman</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o0F10Sc3Vcw">A Place to Stand</a></i>, 1967, Archives of Ontario YouTube Channel</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Canadian_Screen_Award_for_Best_Cinematography" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:silver"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ACCT_Best_Cinematography" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ACCT Best Cinematography"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Canadian_Screen_Award_for_Best_Cinematography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Screen_Award_for_Best_Cinematography" title="Canadian Screen Award for Best Cinematography">Canadian Screen Award for Best Cinematography</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:silver;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Film_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Film Award">Canadian Film Award</a><br />1963–1978</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Wilder" title="Donald Wilder">Donald Wilder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guy_Borremans" title="Guy Borremans">Guy Borremans</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stan_Brede" title="Stan Brede">Stan Brede</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Spotton" title="John Spotton">John Spotton</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Chapman" title="Francis Chapman">Francis Chapman</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Christopher Chapman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Labrecque" title="Jean-Claude Labrecque">Jean-Claude Labrecque</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Labrecque" title="Jean-Claude Labrecque">Jean-Claude Labrecque</a> and <a href="/wiki/Georges_Dufaux" title="Georges Dufaux">Georges Dufaux</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Gascon" title="Gilles Gascon">Gilles Gascon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grahame_Woods" title="Grahame Woods">Grahame Woods</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Dufaux" title="Georges Dufaux">Georges Dufaux</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Gosselin" title="Bernard Gosselin">Bernard Gosselin</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9o_Gr%C3%A9goire" title="Réo Grégoire">Réo Grégoire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tony_Ianzelo" title="Tony Ianzelo">Tony Ianzelo</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Chentrier" title="Bernard Chentrier">Bernard Chentrier</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Brault" title="Michel Brault">Michel Brault</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Brault" title="Michel Brault">Michel Brault</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Donald_Wilder" title="Donald Wilder">Donald Wilder</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i>no award</i> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Van_der_Linden" title="Paul Van der Linden">Paul Van der Linden</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Leiterman" title="Richard Leiterman">Richard Leiterman</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mignot" title="Pierre Mignot">Pierre Mignot</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Lente" title="Miklós Lente">Miklós Lente</a> (1978)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:silver;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Genie_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Genie Award">Genie Award</a><br />1980–2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Coquillon" title="John Coquillon">John Coquillon</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Brault" title="Michel Brault">Michel Brault</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Leiterman" title="Richard Leiterman">Richard Leiterman</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Brault" title="Michel Brault">Michel Brault</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mignot" title="Pierre Mignot">Pierre Mignot</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mignot" title="Pierre Mignot">Pierre Mignot</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Protat" title="François Protat">François Protat</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mignot" title="Pierre Mignot">Pierre Mignot</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Dufaux" title="Guy Dufaux">Guy Dufaux</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Suschitzky" title="Peter Suschitzky">Peter Suschitzky</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Dufaux" title="Guy Dufaux">Guy Dufaux</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_James_(cinematographer)" title="Peter James (cinematographer)">Peter James</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Suschitzky" title="Peter Suschitzky">Peter Suschitzky</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Dostie" title="Alain Dostie">Alain Dostie</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Sarossy" title="Paul Sarossy">Paul Sarossy</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Burstyn" title="Thomas Burstyn">Thomas Burstyn</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Suschitzky" title="Peter Suschitzky">Peter Suschitzky</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Sarossy" title="Paul Sarossy">Paul Sarossy</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alain_Dostie" title="Alain Dostie">Alain Dostie</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Sarossy" title="Paul Sarossy">Paul Sarossy</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Turpin" title="André Turpin">André Turpin</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gill" title="Pierre Gill">Pierre Gill</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Sarossy" title="Paul Sarossy">Paul Sarossy</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allen_Smith_(cinematographer)" title="Allen Smith (cinematographer)">Allen Smith</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Sarossy" title="Paul Sarossy">Paul Sarossy</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Giles_Nuttgens" title="Giles Nuttgens">Giles Nuttgens</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gill" title="Pierre Gill">Pierre Gill</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Suschitzky" title="Peter Suschitzky">Peter Suschitzky</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Middleton" title="Gregory Middleton">Gregory Middleton</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gill" title="Pierre Gill">Pierre Gill</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Turpin" title="André Turpin">André Turpin</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Lord" title="Jean-François Lord">Jean-François Lord</a> (2011)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:silver;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Screen_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Screen Award">Canadian Screen Award</a><br />2012–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Bolduc" title="Nicolas Bolduc">Nicolas Bolduc</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Bolduc" title="Nicolas Bolduc">Nicolas Bolduc</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Turpin" title="André Turpin">André Turpin</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yves_B%C3%A9langer_(cinematographer)" title="Yves Bélanger (cinematographer)">Yves Bélanger</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Turpin" title="André Turpin">André Turpin</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Bolduc" title="Nicolas Bolduc">Nicolas Bolduc</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sara_Mishara" title="Sara Mishara">Sara Mishara</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norm_Li" title="Norm Li">Norm Li</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Maya_Bankovic" title="Maya Bankovic">Maya Bankovic</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sara_Mishara" title="Sara Mishara">Sara Mishara</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sara_Mishara" title="Sara Mishara">Sara Mishara</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jared_Raab" title="Jared Raab">Jared Raab</a> (2023)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:silver"><div>Note: From 1963 to 1969, two separate awards were consistently presented for colour and black-and-white cinematography. This distinction did not continue from 1970 on.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐6bd4c644cc‐hf77n Cached time: 20241203092620 Cache expiry: 2471626 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.398 seconds Real time usage: 0.512 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3193/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 37655/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3277/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 38680/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.232/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7205895/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 469.930 1 -total 29.08% 136.674 1 Template:Reflist 24.85% 116.770 1 Template:Infobox_person 19.12% 89.841 1 Template:ACCT_Best_Cinematography 18.35% 86.215 1 Template:Navbox 15.09% 70.923 1 Template:Cite_news 13.12% 61.649 1 Template:Short_description 10.02% 47.104 4 Template:Br_separated_entries 7.74% 36.351 2 Template:Pagetype 6.28% 29.522 1 Template:Birth_date --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:48399343:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241203092620 and revision id 1227807371. 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