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title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-常見的盜版行為" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#常見的盜版行為"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>常見的盜版行為</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-常見的盜版行為-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-罕见的盗版行为" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#罕见的盗版行为"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>罕见的盗版行为</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-罕见的盗版行为-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">盗版</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。50种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%83_%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="انتهاك حقوق التأليف والنشر – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انتهاك حقوق التأليف والنشر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infracci%C3%B3n_de_derechos_d%27autor" title="Infracción de derechos d'autor – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Infracción de derechos d'autor" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BC%C9%99lliflik_h%C3%BCququ_pozuntusu" title="Müəlliflik hüququ pozuntusu – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Müəlliflik hüququ pozuntusu" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%A1_%D1%85%D0%BE%D2%A1%D1%83%D2%93%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D2%99%D0%BE%D1%83" title="Авторлыҡ хоҡуғын боҙоу – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Авторлыҡ хоҡуғын боҙоу" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%98%E0%A6%A8" title="মেধাস্বত্ব লঙ্ঘন – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মেধাস্বত্ব লঙ্ঘন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infracci%C3%B3_de_copyright" title="Infracció de copyright – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Infracció de copyright" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%B4%DB%8E%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C_%D9%84%DB%95%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%DB%95" title="پێشێلکردنی مافی لەبەرگرتنەوە – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پێشێلکردنی مافی لەبەرگرتنەوە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torri_hawlfraint" title="Torri hawlfraint – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Torri hawlfraint" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piratkopiering" title="Piratkopiering – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Piratkopiering" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urheberrechtsverletzung" title="Urheberrechtsverletzung – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Urheberrechtsverletzung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7_%CF%80%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%84%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Παραβίαση πνευματικών δικαιωμάτων – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παραβίαση πνευματικών δικαιωμάτων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Copyright infringement" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infracci%C3%B3n_de_derechos_de_autor" title="Infracción de derechos de autor – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Infracción de derechos de autor" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egile_eskubideen_arau_hauste" title="Egile eskubideen arau hauste – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Egile eskubideen arau hauste" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirateria_(derechus_d%27autol)" title="Pirateria (derechus d'autol) – 埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Pirateria (derechus d'autol)" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="埃斯特雷馬杜拉文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B6_%D8%AD%D9%82_%D8%AA%DA%A9%D8%AB%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="نقض حق تکثیر – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نقض حق تکثیر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekij%C3%A4noikeuden_loukkaus" title="Tekijänoikeuden loukkaus – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tekijänoikeuden loukkaus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atteinte_au_droit_d%27auteur" title="Atteinte au droit d'auteur – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Atteinte au droit d'auteur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piratar%C3%ADa_intelectual" title="Pirataría intelectual – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pirataría intelectual" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keta_Ha%C6%99%C6%99in_Mallaka" title="Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka – 豪萨语" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Keta Haƙƙin Mallaka" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="豪萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelanggaran_hak_cipta" title="Pelanggaran hak cipta – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pelanggaran hak cipta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement – 伊博语" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Copyright infringement" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="伊博语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C%E6%A8%A9%E4%BE%B5%E5%AE%B3" title="著作権侵害 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="著作権侵害" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%9B%D2%B1%D2%9B%D1%8B%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D2%B1%D0%B7%D1%83" title="Авторлық құқықты бұзу – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Авторлық құқықты бұзу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%80%EC%9E%91%EA%B6%8C_%EC%B9%A8%ED%95%B4" title="저작권 침해 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="저작권 침해" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нарушување на авторски права – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нарушување на авторски права" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%98%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="പകർപ്പവകാശലംഘനം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പകർപ്പവകാശലംഘനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="इंटरनेट चाचेगिरी – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इंटरनेट चाचेगिरी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetak_rompak" title="Cetak rompak – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Cetak rompak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piraterij_(intellectuele_eigendomsrechten)" title="Piraterij (intellectuele eigendomsrechten) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Piraterij (intellectuele eigendomsrechten)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piratkopi" title="Piratkopi – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Piratkopi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piratkopiering" title="Piratkopiering – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Piratkopiering" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%89%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE" title="ਕਾਪੀਰਾਈਟ ਉਲੰਘਣਾ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਪੀਰਾਈਟ ਉਲੰਘਣਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piractwo_medialne" title="Piractwo medialne – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Piractwo medialne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_direito_autoral" title="Violação de direito autoral – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Violação de direito autoral" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Enc%C4%83lcare_a_dreptului_de_autor" title="Încălcare a dreptului de autor – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Încălcare a dreptului de autor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Нарушение авторского права – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нарушение авторского права" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyricht_infreengement" title="Copyricht infreengement – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Copyricht infreengement" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%87%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D9%82_%D8%AC%D9%8A_%DA%80%DA%83%DA%AA%DA%99%D9%8A" title="ڇپائي حق جي ڀڃڪڙي – 信德语" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڇپائي حق جي ڀڃڪڙي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="信德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_infringement" title="Copyright infringement – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Copyright infringement" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C5%A1itev_avtorskih_pravic" title="Kršitev avtorskih pravic – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kršitev avtorskih pravic" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C5%A1enje_autorskih_prava" title="Kršenje autorskih prava – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Kršenje autorskih prava" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piratkopiering" title="Piratkopiering – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Piratkopiering" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="பதிப்புரிமை மீறல் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பதிப்புரிமை மீறல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C" title="การละเมิดลิขสิทธิ์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การละเมิดลิขสิทธิ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telif_hakk%C4%B1_ihlali" title="Telif hakkı ihlali – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Telif hakkı ihlali" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Порушення авторського права – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Порушення авторського права" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi_ph%E1%BA%A1m_b%E1%BA%A3n_quy%E1%BB%81n" title="Vi phạm bản quyền – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vi phạm bản quyền" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukwaphulwa_kwelungelo_lokushicilela" title="Ukwaphulwa kwelungelo lokushicilela – 科萨语" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Ukwaphulwa kwelungelo lokushicilela" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="科萨语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%88%E6%AC%8A%E4%BE%B5%E5%AE%B3" title="版權侵害 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="版權侵害" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q647578#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> 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data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="更多选项" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 操作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88&action=history"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 常规 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%85%A5%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88" title="列出所有与本页相链的页面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>链入页面</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%93%BE%E5%87%BA%E6%9B%B4%E6%94%B9/%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88" rel="nofollow" title="页面链出所有页面的更改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>相关更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E4%BC%A0" title="上传图像或多媒体文件[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上传文件</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="全部特殊页面的列表[q]" accesskey="q"><span>特殊页面</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88&oldid=77695687" title="此页面该修订版本的固定链接"><span>固定链接</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88&action=info" title="关于此页面的更多信息"><span>页面信息</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8%E6%AD%A4%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2&page=%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88&id=77695687&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="有关如何引用此页面的信息"><span>引用此页</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:URL%E7%BC%A9%E7%9F%AD%E7%A8%8B%E5%BA%8F&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E7%259B%2597%25E7%2589%2588"><span>获取短链接</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E7%259B%2597%25E7%2589%2588"><span>下载二维码</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/导出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88&action=show-download-screen"><span>下载为PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="本页面的可打印版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>打印页面</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 在其他项目中 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Copyright_infringement" hreflang="en"><span>维基共享资源</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q647578" title="链接到连接的数据仓库项目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>维基数据项目</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="外观"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">外观</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-noteTA-34e231de" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span title="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换"><img alt="本页使用了标题或全文手工转换" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/35px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/53px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg/70px-Zh_conversion_icon_m.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85088369">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable plainlinks selfreference noprint"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E8%87%AA%E6%88%91%E6%8F%90%E5%8F%8A" title="Wikipedia:避免自我提及"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/25px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/38px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wikipedia%27s_W.svg/50px-Wikipedia%27s_W.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74069148">body:not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.mobile{display:none}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ifmobile>.nomobile{display:inherit;display:initial}</style><span class="ifmobile"><span class="nomobile">  </span><span class="mobile"></span></span>關於維基百科上的侵犯著作權，請見<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E4%BE%B5%E7%8A%AF%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C%E6%AC%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:侵犯著作權">Wikipedia:侵犯著作權</a>。關於其他網絡百科全書對維基百科的侵權，請見<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E7%B6%B2%E7%AB%99%E5%B0%8D%E7%B6%AD%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E7%9A%84%E4%BE%B5%E6%AC%8A" title="Wikipedia:其他網站對維基百科的侵權">Wikipedia:其他網站對維基百科的侵權</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84596247">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{display:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83732972">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-left-color:#36c!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left-color:#b32424!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-问题条目 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>本條目存在以下問題</b>，請協助<b><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88&action=edit">改善本條目</a></b>或在<b><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88" title="Talk:盗版">討論頁</a></b>針對議題發表看法。 <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2018年12月22日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88%22">"盗版"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_zh_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>可参照<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_infringement" class="extiw" title="en:Copyright infringement">英語維基百科</a>相應條目来扩充</b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2021年4月12日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%BF%BB%E8%AF%91%E5%AE%88%E5%88%99" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:翻译守则">参考外语维基百科扩充条目</a>。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%9C%A8%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E7%99%BE%E7%A7%91%E5%86%85%E5%A4%8D%E5%88%B6%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9" title="Wikipedia:在维基百科内复制内容">版权协议</a>，译文需<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B7%A8%E8%BC%AF%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81#翻譯文章" title="Wikipedia:編輯摘要">在编辑摘要注明来源</a>，或于讨论页顶部标记<code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Translated_page" title="Template:Translated page">Translated page</a>}}</code>标签。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="noteTA-34e231de" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-title" data-noteta-code="zh-cn:翻版; zh-tw:盜版; zh-hk:翻版; zh-sg:开心版;"></div><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="IT"></div></div><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-cn:开心版;zh-tw:開心版;zh-hk:破解版;zh-sg:破解版;"></div></div></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Computer_users_in_a_Kabul_marketplace,_22_October_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Computer_users_in_a_Kabul_marketplace%2C_22_October_2010.jpg/250px-Computer_users_in_a_Kabul_marketplace%2C_22_October_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Computer_users_in_a_Kabul_marketplace%2C_22_October_2010.jpg/375px-Computer_users_in_a_Kabul_marketplace%2C_22_October_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Computer_users_in_a_Kabul_marketplace%2C_22_October_2010.jpg/500px-Computer_users_in_a_Kabul_marketplace%2C_22_October_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="651" data-file-height="488" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%80%E5%B8%83%E7%88%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="喀布爾">喀布爾</a>街頭盜拷軟體的小站</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TW_pirate_discs_DM_0975XXX174_20131209.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/TW_pirate_discs_DM_0975XXX174_20131209.jpg/220px-TW_pirate_discs_DM_0975XXX174_20131209.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/TW_pirate_discs_DM_0975XXX174_20131209.jpg/330px-TW_pirate_discs_DM_0975XXX174_20131209.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/TW_pirate_discs_DM_0975XXX174_20131209.jpg/440px-TW_pirate_discs_DM_0975XXX174_20131209.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1880" /></a><figcaption>臺灣盜版光碟型錄一例</figcaption></figure> <p><b>翻版</b>（Copyright infringement），亦即是「<b>盜版</b>」(piracy) ，指在未经<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%88%E6%9D%83" class="mw-redirect" title="版权">版权</a>所有者同意的情况下，对其<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88" title="出版">出版</a>物进行复制、再分发的行为，以及以此行为制成的侵权产品。在很多国家和地区，这种行为被定义为侵犯<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E4%BA%A7%E6%9D%83" title="知识产权">知识产权</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%95%E6%B3%95" title="違法">违法</a>行为，甚至<a href="/wiki/%E7%8A%AF%E7%BD%AA" title="犯罪">犯罪</a>行为，会受到所在国的处罚。盗版<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%89%A9" title="出版物">出版物</a>通常包括盗版<a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%A6%E7%B1%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="书籍">书籍</a>、盗版<a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="软件">软件</a>和盗版音像制品。盗版出版物完全无视版权，逃避了所在国应缴的<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%88%E7%A8%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="版税">版税</a>，通常也不需要进行产品的研发，可以用极低甚至为零的成本来创造利益，所以<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%B7%E6%A0%BC" title="价格">价格</a>往往比合法的出版物要便宜，故而往往受版权意识不强的人所欢迎。<a href="/wiki/Warez" title="Warez">软件盜版</a>同时也是软件业寡头企业不正当竞争、打压竞争对手的手段，伤害了软件行业的公平竞争格局，严重影响中小软件企业的产品竞争力。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="常見的盜版行為"><span id=".E5.B8.B8.E8.A6.8B.E7.9A.84.E7.9B.9C.E7.89.88.E8.A1.8C.E7.82.BA"></span>常見的盜版行為</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：常見的盜版行為"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>拷貝、影印（甚至進行<a href="/wiki/%E5%86%92%E7%89%8C%E8%B4%A7" title="冒牌货">冒牌</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%AF%A8%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="山寨文化">山寨</a>） <ul><li>未經授權複製（甚至更改包裝後）任意轉散佈或轉賣</li> <li>故意破解<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%8F%E5%88%97%E5%8F%B7" title="序列号">序號</a>保護或任意提供<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%8F%E8%99%9F%E7%94%A2%E7%94%9F%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="序號產生器">序號產生器</a></li></ul></li> <li>改造（在散播、公開版權物為前提） <ul><li>未依照著作權規定而移除或改寫<a href="/wiki/%E8%91%97%E4%BD%9C%E6%AC%8A" title="著作權">著作權</a>之訊息</li> <li>未依照著作權規定而移除或改寫內含<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E5%91%8A" title="廣告">廣告</a>訊息</li> <li>未依照著作權規定而修改功能</li></ul></li> <li>外國商品，而兩國政府未簽訂著作權協議<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85088369"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见：<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E6%B8%AF%E7%9B%9C%E7%89%88%E6%99%82%E6%9C%9F" title="臺港盜版時期">臺港盜版時期</a></div> <ul><li>美國在1891年通過《<a href="/w/index.php?title=1891%E5%B9%B4%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E7%89%88%E6%AC%8A%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1891年國際版權法（页面不存在）">國際版權法</a>》之前，境外作品不受版權保護。由此美國出版社普遍盜版英國文學作品，大量廉價盜版充斥美國市場，讓本地作家生存十分困難。<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%90%90%E6%BA%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="馬克·吐溫">馬克·吐溫</a>曾抗議「這個國家正在被上等英國文學作品的洪流淹沒，但其價格，相比之下連一包厠紙都要算是“豪華版”了。」<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1992年<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2" title="立法院">立法院</a>修訂《著作權法》以前，台灣出版業者在未獲得授權的情況下，「擅自」翻譯出版的日本漫畫，被日本的出版社與漫畫家稱之為「海賊版」。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>在香港，沒有正式授權下所製造的產品，俗稱<b>老翻</b>或<b>開心版</b>。</li></ul></li> <li>公共播放：在非授權範圍的場所，公開供人使用或瀏覽</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="罕见的盗版行为"><span id=".E7.BD.95.E8.A7.81.E7.9A.84.E7.9B.97.E7.89.88.E8.A1.8C.E4.B8.BA"></span>罕见的盗版行为</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：罕见的盗版行为"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Section_OR plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/20px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/30px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章节<b>可能包含<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%9D%9E%E5%8E%9F%E5%88%9B%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6" title="Wikipedia:非原创研究">原创研究</a>或<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AD%89" title="Wikipedia:可供查證">未查证内容</a>。</b></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85088369"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">更多信息：<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E5%88%B6%E8%AE%B8%E5%8F%AF" title="强制许可">强制许可</a></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r83946278">.mw-parser-output .template-facttext{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:inherit;margin:-.3em 0;padding:.3em 0}</style><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">为了社会进步的国家盗版行为：1890年之前，外国的作品在<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>境内不经过原版权所有人许可的盗版发行，是<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B" title="法律">法律</a>容许甚至鼓励的行为，当时的美国管理机构认为带有垄断性质的专利制度不利先进文化的传播和发展，而当时的美国社会正处于发展中，是一个标准的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" title="发展中国家">发展中国家</a>，而广泛流传知识，快速的提高民众的文化科技素质，是重中之重，故此优先考虑了国家的发展，制定了带有国家许可盗版性质的法律。</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求开始于2022年11月4日。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83946278"><mark class="template-facttext" title="需要提供文献来源">有法理基础的类似盗版的行为：在<a href="/wiki/WTO" class="mw-redirect" title="WTO">WTO</a>的框架内，根据2001年11月WTO第4次部长级会议上，发展中国家和发达国家达成的《TRIPS协定与公共健康宣言》，每一个WTO成员政府在紧急情况下，为保护<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="公共健康">公共健康</a>，都可以对<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E4%BA%A7%E6%9D%83" title="知识产权">知识产权</a>保护期内的药品行使强制许可权。而事实上不少<a href="/wiki/AIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS">AIDS</a>高发国家已经展开了基于这样的强制许可权措施的仿制行为。</mark><sup class="noprint Template-Fact"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源"><span style="white-space: nowrap;" title="来源请求开始于2022年11月4日。">[來源請求]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E7%89%88" title="正版">正版</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%AA%E7%A2%9F" title="枪碟">枪碟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VCD-BOX" title="VCD-BOX">VCD-BOX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E7%A0%B4%E8%A7%A3" title="软件破解">软件破解</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B4%E8%A7%A3%E8%8A%AF%E7%89%87" title="破解芯片">破解芯片</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E6%B3%95%E5%82%B3%E8%BC%B8" title="非法傳輸">非法傳輸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%92%E7%89%8C%E8%B4%A7" title="冒牌货">冒牌货</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E5%AF%A8%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="山寨文化">山寨文化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%9D%E8%A1%93%E8%B4%97%E5%93%81" title="藝術贗品">藝術贗品</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Twain, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.hk/books/about/Mark_Twain_s_Notebooks_Journals_Volume_I.html?id=4XMkDQAAQBAJ">Mark Twain's Notebooks & Journals, Volume II (1877-1883): The Mark Twain papers</a>. University of California Press. 1975: 414 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2020-10-25</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-520-02542-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-520-02542-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-520-02542-4</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201028205837/https://books.google.com.hk/books/about/Mark_Twain_s_Notebooks_Journals_Volume_I.html?id=4XMkDQAAQBAJ">存档</a>于2020-10-28） <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到英语网页">（英语）</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.aulast=Twain&rft.btitle=Mark+Twain%27s+Notebooks+%26+Journals%2C+Volume+II+%281877-1883%29%3A+The+Mark+Twain+papers&rft.date=1975&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-520-02542-4&rft.pages=414&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.hk%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FMark_Twain_s_Notebooks_Journals_Volume_I.html%3Fid%3D4XMkDQAAQBAJ&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">黃靖嵐. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140429190334/http://soc.thu.edu.tw/2006TSAconference/_notes/2006TSApaper/7-10.pdf">帝國的浮現與逸出：日本漫畫產業於台灣的「全球在地化」實踐</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://soc.thu.edu.tw/2006TSAconference/_notes/2006TSApaper/7-10.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2014-04-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%9B%97%E7%89%88&rft.au=%E9%BB%83%E9%9D%96%E5%B5%90&rft.btitle=%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E7%9A%84%E6%B5%AE%E7%8F%BE%E8%88%87%E9%80%B8%E5%87%BA%EF%BC%9A%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E6%BC%AB%E7%95%AB%E7%94%A2%E6%A5%AD%E6%96%BC%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E7%9A%84%E3%80%8C%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%9C%A8%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%96%E3%80%8D%E5%AF%A6%E8%B8%90&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsoc.thu.edu.tw%2F2006TSAconference%2F_notes%2F2006TSApaper%2F7-10.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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