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data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maktutor_riyaziyyat_tarixi_arxivi" title="Maktutor riyaziyyat tarixi arxivi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Maktutor riyaziyyat tarixi arxivi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arxiu_MacTutor_d%27Hist%C3%B2ria_de_les_Matem%C3%A0tiques" title="Arxiu MacTutor d'Història de les Matemàtiques – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arxiu MacTutor d'Història de les Matemàtiques" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE%DA%86%D9%87_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B6%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="بایگانی تاریخچه ریاضیات مک‌تیوتر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بایگانی تاریخچه ریاضیات مک‌تیوتر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacTutor" title="MacTutor – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="MacTutor" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacTutor" title="MacTutor – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="MacTutor" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkib_MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics" title="Arkib MacTutor History of Mathematics – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Arkib MacTutor History of Mathematics" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%83%96" title="マックチューター数学史アーカイブ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マックチューター数学史アーカイブ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="MacTutor History of Mathematics archive" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B2_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Архив истории математики Мактьютор – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Архив истории математики Мактьютор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%98%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Архива историје математике Мактјутор – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Архива историје математике Мактјутор" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacTutor_Matematik_Tarihi_Ar%C5%9Fivi" title="MacTutor Matematik Tarihi Arşivi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="MacTutor Matematik Tarihi Arşivi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B2_%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Архів історії математики Мактьютор – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Архів історії математики Мактьютор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BB%99_l%C6%B0u_tr%E1%BB%AF_l%E1%BB%8Bch_s%E1%BB%AD_to%C3%A1n_h%E1%BB%8Dc_MacTutor" title="Bộ lưu trữ lịch sử toán học MacTutor – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bộ lưu trữ lịch sử toán học MacTutor" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Mathematics web site</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">URL</th><td class="infobox-data url"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/">mathshistory<wbr />.st-andrews<wbr />.ac<wbr />.uk</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive</b> is a website maintained by John J. O'Connor and <a href="/wiki/Edmund_F._Robertson" title="Edmund F. Robertson">Edmund F. Robertson</a> and hosted by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a> in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. It contains detailed <a href="/wiki/Biography" title="Biography">biographies</a> on many historical and contemporary <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematicians</a>, as well as information on famous <a href="/wiki/Curve" title="Curve">curves</a> and various topics in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_mathematics" title="History of mathematics">history of mathematics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The History of Mathematics archive was an outgrowth of <b>Mathematical MacTutor system</b>, a <a href="/wiki/HyperCard" title="HyperCard">HyperCard</a> database by the same authors,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which won them the European Academic Software award in 1994. In the same year, they founded their web site. It has since expanded to include biographies of more than 3200 mathematicians and scientists.<sup id="cite_ref-aperiodical_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aperiodical-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, O'Connor and Robertson won the Hirst Prize of the <a href="/wiki/London_Mathematical_Society" title="London Mathematical Society">London Mathematical Society</a> for their work.<sup id="cite_ref-aperiodical_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aperiodical-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lms_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lms-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The citation for the Hirst Prize calls the archive "the most widely used and influential web-based resource in history of mathematics".<sup id="cite_ref-lms_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lms-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_Archive&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MathWorld" title="MathWorld">MathWorld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PlanetMath" title="PlanetMath">PlanetMath</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_Archive&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHughes2007" class="citation cs2">Hughes, Barnabas (July 2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maa.org/press/periodicals/convergence/st-andrews-history-of-mathematics-archive">"St Andrews History of Mathematics Archive"</a>, <i>Convergence</i>, Mathematical Association of America</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Convergence&rft.atitle=St+Andrews+History+of+Mathematics+Archive&rft.date=2007-07&rft.aulast=Hughes&rft.aufirst=Barnabas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaa.org%2Fpress%2Fperiodicals%2Fconvergence%2Fst-andrews-history-of-mathematics-archive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllison1999" class="citation cs2">Ellison, J. H. (January–February 1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/openview/a10b133fd555ff33e485e78b03fdc6f6/1">"MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive"</a>, <i>Choice</i>, <b>27</b> (3): 46</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Choice&rft.atitle=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=46&rft.date=1999-01%2F1999-02&rft.aulast=Ellison&rft.aufirst=J.+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fopenview%2Fa10b133fd555ff33e485e78b03fdc6f6%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss1999" class="citation cs2">Ross, Peter (January 1999), "MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland", <i>The College Mathematics Journal</i>, <b>30</b> (1): 69, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/203934232">203934232</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+College+Mathematics+Journal&rft.atitle=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive+at+the+University+of+St.+Andrews%2C+Scotland&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=69&rft.date=1999-01&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303204859/https://umanitoba.ca/cm/vol3/no17/mathtutor.html">"MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive"</a>, <i>CM</i>, vol. III, no. 17, Manitoba Library Association, 25 April 1997, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://umanitoba.ca/cm/vol3/no17/mathtutor.html">the original</a> on 2016-03-03</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CM&rft.atitle=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive&rft.volume=III&rft.issue=17&rft.date=1997-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fumanitoba.ca%2Fcm%2Fvol3%2Fno17%2Fmathtutor.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aperiodical-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aperiodical_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aperiodical_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMulcahy2015" class="citation cs2">Mulcahy, Colm (19 July 2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aperiodical.com/2015/07/mactutor-history-of-mathematics-website-creators-honoured-by-lms/">"MacTutor History of Mathematics website creators honoured by LMS"</a>, <i>The Aperiodical</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150720012141/http://aperiodical.com/2015/07/mactutor-history-of-mathematics-website-creators-honoured-by-lms/">archived</a> from the original on 2015-07-20<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-07-19</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Aperiodical&rft.atitle=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+website+creators+honoured+by+LMS&rft.date=2015-07-19&rft.aulast=Mulcahy&rft.aufirst=Colm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faperiodical.com%2F2015%2F07%2Fmactutor-history-of-mathematics-website-creators-honoured-by-lms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/chronological/">"Chronological Biographies Index"</a>, <i>MacTutor History of Mathematics archive</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-28</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+archive&rft.atitle=Chronological+Biographies+Index&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2Fchronological%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lms-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lms_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lms_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161211203417/http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/maths/news/title,262438,en.php"><i>London Mathematical Society Hirst Prize and Lectureship</i></a>, University of St Andrews, School of Mathematics and Statistics, 3 July 2015, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/maths/news/title,262438,en.php">the original</a> on 2016-12-11<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-07-19</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=London+Mathematical+Society+Hirst+Prize+and+Lectureship&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews%2C+School+of+Mathematics+and+Statistics&rft.date=2015-07-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.st-andrews.ac.uk%2Fmaths%2Fnews%2Ftitle%2C262438%2Cen.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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