CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Kurukh people - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"af7ffeb8-a132-4e97-9a99-002762b61891","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Kurukh_people","wgTitle":"Kurukh people","wgCurRevisionId":1258827507,"wgRevisionId":1258827507,"wgArticleId":1737889,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Bengali-language sources (bn)","CS1 Hindi-language sources (hi)","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from March 2024","Use Indian English from March 2024","All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English","Short description is different from Wikidata","\"Related ethnic groups\" needing confirmation","Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters", "All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2023","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Ethnic groups in Bangladesh","Adivasi","Dravidian peoples","Social groups of Delhi","Scheduled Tribes of Odisha","Scheduled Tribes of Jharkhand","Scheduled Tribes of Bihar","Scheduled Tribes of West Bengal","Scheduled Tribes of Chhattisgarh"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Kurukh_people","wgRelevantArticleId":1737889,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true, "watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q4335685","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready", "jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Kurukh_dance_of_Oraons_.jpg/1200px-Kurukh_dance_of_Oraons_.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Kurukh_dance_of_Oraons_.jpg/800px-Kurukh_dance_of_Oraons_.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Kurukh_dance_of_Oraons_.jpg/640px-Kurukh_dance_of_Oraons_.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Kurukh people - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurukh_people"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurukh_people"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Kurukh_people rootpage-Kurukh_people skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Kurukh+people" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Kurukh+people" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Kurukh+people" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Kurukh+people" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Colonial_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Colonial rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Society</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_and_dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_and_dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Music and dance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_and_dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage_tradition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_tradition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Marriage tradition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_tradition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Dress</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Livelihood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Livelihood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Livelihood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Livelihood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Genetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kurukh people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%81" title="ওরাওঁ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ওরাওঁ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%85" title="Курух – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Курух" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oraons" title="Oraons – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Oraons" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Օրաոններ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օրաոններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%B5" title="उराँव – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उराँव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ораондар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ораондар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%92%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="ഒറാവോൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഒറാവോൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Ораоны – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ораоны" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B8%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B2" title="ᱫᱷᱟᱸᱜᱚᱲ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱫᱷᱟᱸᱜᱚᱲ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ораон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ораон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oraon" title="Oraon – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Oraon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oraonit" title="Oraonit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oraonit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oraon" title="Oraon – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Oraon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%96%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="కురుఖు ప్రజలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కురుఖు ప్రజలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BE%D0%BD_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Ораон (народ) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ораон (народ)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4335685#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_people" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Kurukh_people" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_people"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_people"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Kurukh_people" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Kurukh_people" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&oldid=1258827507" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Kurukh_people&id=1258827507&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKurukh_people"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FKurukh_people"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Kurukh_people&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kurukh_people" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4335685" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indigenous (scheduled) tribe from India</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Oraon</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div>Kurukh</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kurukh_dance_of_Oraons_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Kurukh_dance_of_Oraons_.jpg/220px-Kurukh_dance_of_Oraons_.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Kurukh_dance_of_Oraons_.jpg/330px-Kurukh_dance_of_Oraons_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Kurukh_dance_of_Oraons_.jpg/440px-Kurukh_dance_of_Oraons_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Kurukh in traditional clothes performing dance</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">3.8 million (2011)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3,696,899<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,716,618</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a></th><td class="infobox-data">748,739</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">643,510</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a></th><td class="infobox-data">358,112</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a></th><td class="infobox-data">144,472</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></th><td class="infobox-data">39,739 (1921)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a></th><td class="infobox-data">12,011<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></th><td class="infobox-data">85,846<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/16px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span>   </span><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">37,424<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4,200<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language" title="Kurukh language">Kurukh</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sadri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadri language">Sadri</a> • <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bengali_language" title="Bengali language">Bengali</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarnaism" title="Sarnaism">Sarnaism</a><sup id="cite_ref-Winston2006_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winston2006-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_peoples" title="Dravidian peoples">Dravidian people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Malto_people" title="Malto people">Malto people</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Kurukh</b> or <b>Oraon</b>, also spelt <b>Uraon</b> or <b>Dhangad</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-guyanachronicle.com_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guyanachronicle.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language" title="Kurukh language">Kurukh</a>: <i>Karḵẖ</i> and <i>Oṛāō<sup>n</sup></i>) are a <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian</a> speaking <a href="/wiki/Ethnolinguistic_group" title="Ethnolinguistic group">ethnolinguistic group</a> inhabiting <a href="/wiki/Chota_Nagpur_Plateau" title="Chota Nagpur Plateau">Chhotanagpur Plateau</a> and adjoining areas - mainly the Indian states of <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odisha" title="Odisha">Odisha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarh" title="Chhattisgarh">Chhattisgarh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They predominantly speak <a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language" title="Kurukh language">Kurukh</a> as their native language, which belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian language family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>, Oraon people are also known as Dhangad.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traditionally, Oraons depended on the forest and farms for their ritual practices and livelihoods, but in recent times, they have become mainly settled agriculturalists. Many Oraon migrated to tea gardens of <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a> and Bangladesh as well as to countries like <a href="/wiki/Fiji" title="Fiji">Fiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a> during <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British rule</a>, where they were known as <i><b>Hill Coolies</b></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-guyanachronicle.com_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guyanachronicle.com-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are listed as a <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled Tribe">Scheduled Tribe</a> in seven Indian states for the purpose of <a href="/wiki/Reservation_in_India" title="Reservation in India">reservation system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-list_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Edward_Tuite_Dalton" title="Edward Tuite Dalton">Edward Tuite Dalton</a>, "Oraon" is an <a href="/wiki/Exonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Exonym">exonym</a> assigned by neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Munda_people" title="Munda people">Munda people</a>, meaning "to roam". They call themselves Kurukh.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <a href="/wiki/Sten_Konow" title="Sten Konow">Sten Konow</a>, Uraon will mean <i>man</i> as in the Dravidian <a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language" title="Kurukh language">Kurukh language</a>, the word Urapai, Urapo and Urang means <i>Man</i>. The word Kurukh may be derived from the word <i>Kur</i> or <i>Kurcana</i> means Shout and stammer. So Kurukh will mean a speaker.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Anthropological_Society" title="Indian Anthropological Society">Indian Anthropological Society</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konkan" title="Konkan">Konkan</a> is said to be the original home of the Kurukh tribes from where they migrated to the <a href="/wiki/Chota_Nagpur_Plateau" title="Chota Nagpur Plateau">Chota Nagpur Plateau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IAS_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IAS-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group is said to have settled in the <a href="/wiki/Chota_Nagpur_Plateau" title="Chota Nagpur Plateau">Chota Nagpur Plateau</a> by 100 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are three opinions of scholars about the origin of Kurukh people. According to <a href="/wiki/Sarat_Chandra_Roy" title="Sarat Chandra Roy">Sarat Chandra Roy</a>, Kurukh people might have migrated from <a href="/wiki/Coorg_State" title="Coorg State">Coorg</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a>. In 1987, Elefenbein proposed Baloch's hypothesis, in which he proposed the <a href="/wiki/Brahui_people" title="Brahui people">Brahui</a> tribe migrated from <a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Baluchistan</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a> where Brahui is still spoken, and the Rohtasgarh and Rajmahal hills. Those who migrated to <a href="/wiki/Rohtasgarh" class="mw-redirect" title="Rohtasgarh">Rohtasgarh</a> were Kurukh and <a href="/wiki/Rajmahal_hills" title="Rajmahal hills">Rajmahal</a> hills were <a href="/wiki/Malto_people" title="Malto people">Malto</a>. According to another opinion, Kurukh people were living in <a href="/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation" title="Indus Valley Civilisation">Indus Valley Civilisation</a>, then they migrated to South and Central India after the decline of the Indus Valley Civilisation due to droughts and floods in 2500 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the writings of Colonel <a href="/wiki/Edward_Tuite_Dalton" title="Edward Tuite Dalton">Edward Tuite Dalton</a>, Oraon claimed that they were settled in <a href="/wiki/Gujarat" title="Gujarat">Gujarat</a>, then they were expelled from there. Then they settled in <a href="/wiki/Kalinjar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalinjar">Kalinjar</a>, where they fought with <i>Lowrik Sowrik</i> of Palipiri and were defeated. Then they came to <a href="/wiki/Rohtasgarh" class="mw-redirect" title="Rohtasgarh">Rohtasgarh</a> and were driven out by Muslims during the reign of Akbar. Then they settled in Chotanagpur. According to Dalton, Oraon were settled in Chotanagpur before the reign of <a href="/wiki/Akbar" title="Akbar">Akbar</a> and possibly some Oraon were in Rohtas hills when Rohtasgarh fort was constructed by Muslims. According to him the Oraon language is similar to <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, but some words spoken by Oraon are of Sanskrit origin due to their living with <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Prakrit" title="Prakrit">Prakrit</a> speaking people in the past. The physical features of Oraon are the darkest but those who live in mixed settlements have varieties of features.<sup id="cite_ref-academia.edu_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-academia.edu-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_rule">Colonial rule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Colonial rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oraons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Oraons.jpg/220px-Oraons.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Oraons.jpg/330px-Oraons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Oraons.jpg/440px-Oraons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="488" /></a><figcaption>Dalton's painting of Oraons in 1872</figcaption></figure> <p>During the British Period, Kurukh people rebelled against the British <a href="/wiki/East_India_Company" title="East India Company">East India Company</a> authority and local Zamindars against tax imposition. The <a href="/wiki/Budhu_Bhagat" title="Budhu Bhagat">Budhu Bhagat</a> led the Lakra rebellion which is also known as the <a href="/wiki/Kol_uprising" title="Kol uprising">Kol uprising</a> in 1832.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jatra_Bhagat" title="Jatra Bhagat">Jatra Bhagat</a> led civil disobedience movement <a href="/wiki/Tana_Bhagat_Movement" title="Tana Bhagat Movement">Tana Bhagat Movement</a> from 1914 to 1920.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After independence of India, They listed as a <a href="/wiki/Scheduled_Tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheduled Tribe">Scheduled Tribe</a> for the purpose of <a href="/wiki/Reservation_in_India" title="Reservation in India">India's reservation system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-list_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society">Society</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Society"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Kurukh tribe is patrilocal and patrilineal. Kurukhs are divided into many exogamous clans. Clans names among the Kurukh are taken from plants, animals and objects. Some important clans are:<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li>Addo (ox)</li> <li>Aind (a fish)</li> <li>Alla (dog)</li> <li>Bakula (Heron)</li> <li>Bando (wild cat)</li> <li>Bara (Banyan)</li> <li>Barwa (wild dog)</li> <li>Beck (Salt)</li> <li>Chidra (Squirrel)</li> <li>Edgo (Mouse)</li> <li>Ekka or kachhap (Turtle)</li> <li>Gari (monkey)</li> <li>Gede (Duck)</li> <li>Gidhi (vulture)</li> <li>Halman (langur)</li> <li>Keond (a fruit)</li> <li>Khoya (wild dog)</li> <li>Kinduar (a fish)</li> <li>Kosuar (a fish)</li> <li>Kiro (a fruit)</li> <li>Kissi (pig)</li> <li>Kerketta (Hedge- sparrow)</li> <li>Kokro (cock)</li> <li>Kujur ( A medicinal plant)</li> <li>Lakra (Tiger)</li> <li>Minz (a fish)</li> <li>Khetta or Nag (Cobra)</li> <li>Panna (Iron)</li> <li>Tido (a fish)</li> <li>Tirkuar (tithio bird)</li> <li>Tirkey (an eagle)</li> <li>Toppo (Woodpecker)</li> <li>Tigga (Monkey)</li> <li>Xalxo (pigeon)</li> <li>Xaxa (Crow)</li> <li>Xess or Dhan (Paddy)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kurukh are traditional speakers of <a href="/wiki/Kurukh_language" title="Kurukh language">Kurukh</a>, which belongs to the northern branch of the <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian</a> family. Just under half still speak this language as their mother tongue. Many have adopted the local <i>lingua franca</i>s, <a href="/wiki/Sadri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadri language">Sadri</a> and <a href="/wiki/Odia_language" title="Odia language">Odia</a>, as their first languages. This shift to regional languages, especially Sadri, has been most pronounced in <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a>, where the Kurukh are mainly tea garden workers and Sadri is the main link language.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Festivals">Festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Kurukh celebrate all traditional festivals of the Chota Nagpur plateau: <a href="/wiki/Sarhul" title="Sarhul">Sarhul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karam_(festival)" class="mw-redirect" title="Karam (festival)">Karma</a>, Dhanbuni, Harihari, <a href="/wiki/Nawakhani" title="Nawakhani">Nawakhani</a>, Khariyani etc.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_and_dance">Music and dance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Music and dance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since time immemorial The Oraon people have a rich range of folk songs, dances and tales,<sup id="cite_ref-Hahn1906_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hahn1906-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as traditional musical instruments. Both men and women participate in dances, which are performed at social events and festivals. The Mandar, <a href="/wiki/Naqareh" title="Naqareh">Nagara</a> and Kartal are the main musical instruments. In Kurukh, song is known as "Dandi". Some Kurukh folk dances are war dances (between two Parhas), <a href="/wiki/Karma_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Karma dance">Karma dance</a> (Karam dandi), Khaddi or Sarhul dance, Phagu, Jadur, jagra, Matha, Benja Nalna (wedding dance) and Chali (courtyard dance).<sup id="cite_ref-auto_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarhul_dance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Sarhul_dance.jpg/220px-Sarhul_dance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Sarhul_dance.jpg/330px-Sarhul_dance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e0/Sarhul_dance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="298" /></a><figcaption>Sarhul dance known as Khaddi</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage_tradition">Marriage tradition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Marriage tradition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marriage among Kurukhs is usually arranged by the parents. The parents negotiate a bride price, after which the wedding can take place. On the wedding day, the groom arrives with his friends to the bride's house, and they hold a dance. A <i>pandal</i> is constructed in front of the bride's father's house, and the bride and groom stand on a stone, under which is grain above a plough yoke. A cloth is then thrown over the couple, who are doubly screened by the groom's friends. Then the <i>sindoordaan</i> is done: the groom applies <i>sindoor</i> to the bride's forehead, which is sometimes returned. Afterwards, water is poured over the couple and they return to a separate area of the house to change. When they are emerged, they are considered married. During this entire time, the rest of the party continue to dance.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dress">Dress</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Dress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oraon_House_at_%27State_Tribal_Fair-2020%27_Bhubaneswar,India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Oraon_House_at_%27State_Tribal_Fair-2020%27_Bhubaneswar%2CIndia.jpg/220px-Oraon_House_at_%27State_Tribal_Fair-2020%27_Bhubaneswar%2CIndia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Oraon_House_at_%27State_Tribal_Fair-2020%27_Bhubaneswar%2CIndia.jpg/330px-Oraon_House_at_%27State_Tribal_Fair-2020%27_Bhubaneswar%2CIndia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Oraon_House_at_%27State_Tribal_Fair-2020%27_Bhubaneswar%2CIndia.jpg/440px-Oraon_House_at_%27State_Tribal_Fair-2020%27_Bhubaneswar%2CIndia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="2340" /></a><figcaption>Oraon House at 'State Tribal Fair-2020' Bhubaneswar, India</figcaption></figure><p>At the turn of the 20th century, Kurukh men wore a loincloth tied around the hips, while women less influenced by other communities would wear a cloth reaching to just above the knee, covering the chest.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, women traditionally a wear thick cotton sari with detailed stitched borders of purple or red thread. Traditional tattoos include elaborate symmetrical patterns around their forearms, ankles, and chest. Men wear a thick cloth with similar detailed borders as a <a href="/wiki/Dhoti" title="Dhoti">dhoti</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lungi" title="Lungi">lungi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Winston2006_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winston2006-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Livelihood">Livelihood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Livelihood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Originally, the Oraons relied on the forest and its goods for an economic livelihood. Unlike many other communities of Jharkhand which practice <i>jhum</i>, the Kurukh community uses plough agriculture. At the turn of the 20th century however, due to the policies of the <a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British colonial government</a>, most of the tribe worked as agricultural labourers for the <i><a href="/wiki/Zamindar" title="Zamindar">Zamindars</a></i> on their own lands.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, recently many have become settled agriculturists, while others became migrant workers.<sup id="cite_ref-Winston2006_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Winston2006-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administration">Administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a Kurukh village, the village level political organisation is called <i>Parha</i> which consists of post such as <i>Pahan</i> (village priest), <i>Panibharwa</i> (water-bearer of Pahan), <i>Pujar</i> (assistant of Pahan), <i>Bhandari</i> and <i>Chowkidar</i> (watchman). Each has a particular role in religious ceremonies, festivals and solving disputes in the village. The traditional informal educational institution <a href="/wiki/Tribal_youth_dormitory" title="Tribal youth dormitory">youth dormitory</a> is called <i>Dhumkuria</i>. The public and common meeting place is Akhra where people meet for the purpose of discussion and solving disputes.<sup id="cite_ref-admin_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-admin-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Twelve to thirty villages form a Parha council. Each village has a village council, member of village council act as the members of Parha council in the headship of Parha chief. One of the villages in Parha is called Raja (King) village, another <span title="Kurukh-language romanization"><i lang="kru-Latn">dewan</i></span> (prime minister) village, another <span title="Kurukh-language romanization"><i lang="kru-Latn">panrey</i></span> (clerk of the village), a fourth <span title="Kurukh-language romanization"><i lang="kru-Latn">kotwar</i></span> (orderly) village and remaining village are called <span title="Kurukh-language romanization"><i lang="kru-Latn">praja</i></span> (subject) village. Raja village has highest social status because headman of this village presides at the meeting of a Parha Panchayat.<sup id="cite_ref-admin_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-admin-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kurukh are patrilocal and patrilineal. Clan name descends from father to son. The major lineage is known as <i>Bhuinhari Khunt</i>. Bhuinhari means owner of the land. Khunt has two sub groups: the <i>Pahan Khunt</i> and <i>Mahato Khunt</i>. Pahan and Mahato are two main office of Bhuinhari lineage.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 3001.8133430868px; border-left-color:#A6CEE3"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#A6CEE3"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#A6CEE3"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 2038.8140985341px; border-left-color:#B15928"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#B15928"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#B15928"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 1260.494427843px; border-left-color:#6A3D9A"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:#6A3D9A"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:#6A3D9A"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 705.81548663701px; border-left-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Red"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 371.02839994474px; border-left-color:maroon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:maroon"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:maroon"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:86.423968243046px 50.30802831681px 0 0; border-top-color:dodgerblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:dodgerblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 86.720522575503px 100px 0; border-right-color:darkorange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:darkorange"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion of Kurukh people, 2011 census </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:darkorange; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> (36.37%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:dodgerblue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> (30.24%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:maroon; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Sarnaism" title="Sarnaism">Sarnaism</a> (29.2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Red; color:black;"> </span> Adi Dharam (1.95%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#6A3D9A; color:;"> </span> Addi Bassi (0.98%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#B15928; color:;"> </span> Adi (0.48%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#A6CEE3; color:;"> </span> Not stated (0.25%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> Other (0.53%)</div> <p style="margin-bottom:0"><i>*Statistics of the religion of the Kurukh population in Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Bihar, and Tripura, where they are classified as Scheduled Tribes.</i></p> </div> </div></div> <p>According to the 2011 census, the Scheduled Tribes Kurukh population in India numbers 3,623,512. Among them, 36.37% are followers of <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, 30.24% follow <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, 29.2% practice <a href="/wiki/Sarnaism" title="Sarnaism">Sarna</a>, 1.95% follow Adi Dharam, 0.98% adhere to Addi Bassi, and 0.48% follow Adi, while 0.25% did not state any religious affiliation. Additionally, there are smaller numbers of <a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> (7,459), <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhists</a> (1,904), <a href="/wiki/Tana_Bhagats" title="Tana Bhagats">Tana Bhagats</a> (978), Oraons (770), <a href="/wiki/Sikhs" title="Sikhs">Sikhs</a> (423), and others, with 5,381 individuals returning some unclassified religion. </p><p>The Oraon follow their traditional religion (<a href="/wiki/Sarnaism" title="Sarnaism">Sarnaism</a>), which is based on nature worship. Some of the groups started following Sarnaism in a Hindu style, as the sects of the Bishnu Bhagats, Bacchinda Bhagats, Karmu Bhagats and Tana Bhagats. The Oraons have established several Sarna sects. Oraons worship Sun as biri (a name given for Dharmesh). Kurukhar also believe in Animism.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Most of population is <a href="/wiki/Sarnaism" title="Sarnaism">Sarna</a>, which is a religion that is indigenous to <a href="/wiki/Adivasi" title="Adivasi">Adivasis</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Chota_Nagpur_Plateau" title="Chota Nagpur Plateau">Chota Nagpur Plateau</a>. Sarna perform religious rituals under the shade of a sacred grove. They worship the sun as Biri and the moon as Chando, and call the earth Dharti Aayo (Earth as mother). Chando Biri are the words which are used in Sarna pujas. Dharmesh is their supreme almighty god.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kamru Bhagats (Oraon or Munda devotees) originated when Oraons acquired special powers after making a pilgrimage to <a href="/wiki/Kamakhya" title="Kamakhya">Kamakhya</a> in <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a> to pay respect to <a href="/wiki/Durga" title="Durga">Durga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Tana Bhagat was formed by Oraon saints Jatra Bhagat and Turia Bhagat. Tana Bhagats opposed the taxes imposed on them by the British and staged a <a href="/wiki/Satyagraha" title="Satyagraha">Satyagraha</a> movement even before <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a>. All Tana Bhagats were followers of Gandhi during the Independence movement. Tana Bhagats still wear a khadi kurta, dhoti and Gandhi topi (cap) with tricoloured flag in their topi. All Tana Bhagats perform puja to the Mahadeo and the tricolour with a chakra symbol on it, which is fixed at their courtyard. </p><p>Among Christian Oraons, there are <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestants</a>, the latter of which having several denominations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1957, film-maker <a href="/wiki/Ritwik_Ghatak" title="Ritwik Ghatak">Ritwik Ghatak</a> shot a preparatory test film named <i>Oraon</i> on the life of the <a href="/wiki/Adivasi" title="Adivasi">Adivasis</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ranchi" title="Ranchi">Ranchi</a> region in <a href="/wiki/Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a> and on the Oraons of Rani Khatanga Village in Jharkhand.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics">Genetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Genetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A total of 334 Oraons of both sexes from two localities in eastern India were tested for 11 polymorphic and six monomorphic blood genetic markers. The sample comprised 130 sedentes from the Gumla district in Bihar and 204 migrants to the Jalpaiguri district of North Bengal. At the hemoglobin locus one example of HbAS was observed in the Gumla sample, while two cases of HbAS were found in the Jalpaiguri group. The Oraons are a distinct tribe and are characterized by a very low frequency of Hp1, TFC2, and a high frequency of TfD1 and GcIF at the serum protein loci. In the red cell enzyme systems the Oraons have a higher frequency of pa at the acid phosphatase locus and GLO1 at the Glyoxalase I locus. Absence of red cell lactate dehydrogenase and very low HbS and GdB- is also characteristic of the Oraons. A probable new nondeficient slow variant of Gd has been observed in polymorphic frequency in the Oraons of Gumla. There was an excess of homozygotes at the Gc locus. No significant difference in the gene frequency between the two groups of Oraons was observed at any of the loci. Genetic distance estimates using the gene frequency data indicate that the Oraons of the two localities are genetically homogeneous and form one cluster with the Bhils. They are nearer to the Irula and Kurumba tribes of the Nilgiris rather than the other Dravidian tribes, Tamils, or Nayars. </p><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3166343/">PubMed Disclaimer</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.isical.ac.in:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10263/1257/AJOPA-76-3-1988-P321-330.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">Genetic Studies</a> (Download) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dilip_Tirkey" title="Dilip Tirkey">Dilip Tirkey</a>, President of the Hockey India<sup id="cite_ref-:2_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budhu_Bhagat" title="Budhu Bhagat">Budhu Bhagat</a>, freedom fighter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jatra_Bhagat" title="Jatra Bhagat">Jatra Bhagat</a>, freedom fighter and social reformist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudarshan_Bhagat" title="Sudarshan Bhagat">Sudarshan Bhagat</a>, Member of Parliament</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Ekka" title="Albert Ekka">Albert Ekka</a>, recipient of India's highest wartime gallantry award <a href="/wiki/Param_Vir_Chakra" title="Param Vir Chakra">Param Vir Chakra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Grace_Ekka" title="Deep Grace Ekka">Deep Grace Ekka</a>, Indian hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kindo" title="Michael Kindo">Michael Kindo</a>, hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renee_Kujur" title="Renee Kujur">Renee Kujur</a>, model</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiuse_Kujur" title="Santiuse Kujur">Santiuse Kujur</a>, MP of <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birendra_Lakra" title="Birendra Lakra">Birendra Lakra</a>, Indian hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provat_Lakra" title="Provat Lakra">Provat Lakra</a>, Football player of <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunita_Lakra" title="Sunita Lakra">Sunita Lakra</a>, Indian hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madhu_Mansuri_Hasmukh" title="Madhu Mansuri Hasmukh">Madhu Mansuri</a>, singer and activist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nirmal_Minz" title="Nirmal Minz">Nirmal Minz</a>, scholar</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilima_Minz" title="Lilima Minz">Lilima Minz</a>, Indian hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonajharia_Minz" title="Sonajharia Minz">Sonajharia Minz</a>, vice-chancellor to the <a href="/wiki/Sido_Kanhu_Murmu_University" title="Sido Kanhu Murmu University">Sido Kanhu Murmu University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jual_Oram" title="Jual Oram">Jual Oram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tribal_Affairs" title="Ministry of Tribal Affairs">Ministry of Tribal Affairs</a>, India</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_Oraon" title="Dinesh Oraon">Dinesh Oraon</a>, Indian politician currently serving as speaker of Jharkhand legislative assembly and a leader of <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> from Jharkhand</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacinta_Kerketta" title="Jacinta Kerketta">Jacinta Kerketta</a>, journalist and poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartik_Oraon" title="Kartik Oraon">Kartik Oraon</a>, Member of Parliament, <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rameshwar_Oraon" title="Rameshwar Oraon">Rameshwar Oraon</a>, former IPS officer and politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Oraon" title="Simon Oraon">Simon Oraon</a>, environmentalist & <a href="/wiki/Padma_Shri" title="Padma Shri">Padma Shri</a> awardee</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manisa_Panna" title="Manisa Panna">Manisa Panna</a>, football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Tigga" title="Simon Tigga">Simon Tigga</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignace_Tirkey" title="Ignace Tirkey">Ignace Tirkey</a>, hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manohar_Tirkey" title="Manohar Tirkey">Manohar Tirkey</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupa_Rani_Tirkey" title="Rupa Rani Tirkey">Rupa Rani Tirkey</a>, lawn ball player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biju_Toppo" title="Biju Toppo">Biju Toppo</a>, documentary filmmaker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binita_Toppo" title="Binita Toppo">Binita Toppo</a>, hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namita_Toppo" title="Namita Toppo">Namita Toppo</a>, Indian hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesphore_Toppo" title="Telesphore Toppo">Telesphore Toppo</a>, Cardinal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyari_Xaxa" title="Pyari Xaxa">Pyari Xaxa</a>, football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukut_Minz" title="Mukut Minz">Mukut Minz</a>, Mukut Minz is an Indian doctor. In 2017, he was awarded the Padma Shri by the Indian Government for his contribution in medicine.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manoj_Tigga" title="Manoj Tigga">Manoj Tigga</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kharia_people" title="Kharia people">Kharia people</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html">"A-11 Individual Scheduled Tribe Primary Census Abstract Data and its Appendix"</a>. <i>censusindia.gov.in</i>. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=censusindia.gov.in&rft.atitle=A-11+Individual+Scheduled+Tribe+Primary+Census+Abstract+Data+and+its+Appendix&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2FPCA%2FST.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/30196/download/33377/44094_1951_POP.pdf">"Estimated Population by Castes, 5. Assam – Census 1951"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Office of the Registrar General, India. 1954. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Estimated+Population+by+Castes%2C+5.+Assam+%E2%80%93+Census+1951&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Registrar+General%2C+India&rft.date=1954&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2Fnada%2Findex.php%2Fcatalog%2F30196%2Fdownload%2F33377%2F44094_1951_POP.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011Census/Language_MTs.html">"Statement 1: Abstract of speakers' strength of languages and mother tongues - 2011"</a>. <i>www.censusindia.gov.in</i>. Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.censusindia.gov.in&rft.atitle=Statement+1%3A+Abstract+of+speakers%27+strength+of+languages+and+mother+tongues+-+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusindia.gov.in%2F2011Census%2FLanguage_MTs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/b343a8b4_956b_45ca_872f_4cf9b2f1a6e0/2022-07-28-14-31-b21f81d1c15171f1770c661020381666.pdf">"Table 1.4 Ethnic Population by Group and Sex"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Bengali). Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. 2021. p. 33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Table+1.4+Ethnic+Population+by+Group+and+Sex&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Bangladesh+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2021&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbbs.portal.gov.bd%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffiles%2Fbbs.portal.gov.bd%2Fpage%2Fb343a8b4_956b_45ca_872f_4cf9b2f1a6e0%2F2022-07-28-14-31-b21f81d1c15171f1770c661020381666.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/upLoads/2018/12/Volume05Part02.pdf">"National Population and Housing Census 2011: Social Characteristics Tables"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Nepal Census</i> – via Government of Nepal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nepal+Census&rft.atitle=National+Population+and+Housing+Census+2011%3A+Social+Characteristics+Tables&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcbs.gov.np%2Fwp-content%2FupLoads%2F2018%2F12%2FVolume05Part02.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peoplegroups.org/Explore/groupdetails.aspx?peid=1235">"Oraon of Bhutan"</a>. <i>PeopleGroups</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PeopleGroups&rft.atitle=Oraon+of+Bhutan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peoplegroups.org%2FExplore%2Fgroupdetails.aspx%3Fpeid%3D1235&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winston2006-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Winston2006_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winston2006_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winston2006_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinston2006" class="citation book cs1">Winston, Robert, ed. (2006) [First published 2004]. <i>Human</i>. <a href="/wiki/Dorling_Kindersley" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorling Kindersley">Dorling Kindersley</a>. p. 439. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7566-1901-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7566-1901-7"><bdi>0-7566-1901-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human&rft.pages=439&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-7566-1901-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guyanachronicle.com-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guyanachronicle.com_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-guyanachronicle.com_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guyanachronicle.com/2014/05/05/the-long-journey-from-india-to-guyana/">"The Long Journey: From India to Guyana"</a>. <i>Guyana Chronicle</i>. 5 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guyana+Chronicle&rft.atitle=The+Long+Journey%3A+From+India+to+Guyana&rft.date=2014-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguyanachronicle.com%2F2014%2F05%2F05%2Fthe-long-journey-from-india-to-guyana%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHasnain2021" class="citation book cs1">Hasnain, Nadeem (2021). <i>Tribal India</i> (7th ed.). Delhi: Palaka Prakashan. p. 136.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tribal+India&rft.place=Delhi&rft.pages=136&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Palaka+Prakashan&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Hasnain&rft.aufirst=Nadeem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrasad1996" class="citation book cs1">Prasad, R. R. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TmDRNTYw49EC&pg=PA256"><i>Encyclopaedic Profile of Indian Tribes, Volume 1</i></a>. Discovery Publishing House. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788171412983" title="Special:BookSources/9788171412983"><bdi>9788171412983</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedic+Profile+of+Indian+Tribes%2C+Volume+1&rft.pub=Discovery+Publishing+House&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9788171412983&rft.aulast=Prasad&rft.aufirst=R.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTmDRNTYw49EC%26pg%3DPA256&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinghMehtaAnthropological_Survey_of_India2004" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Kumar Suresh; Mehta, B. V.; Anthropological Survey of India (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4bfmnmsBfQ4C"><i>Maharashtra Part 3</i></a>. Anthropological Survey of India. p. 1585. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788179911020" title="Special:BookSources/9788179911020"><bdi>9788179911020</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maharashtra+Part+3&rft.pages=1585&rft.pub=Anthropological+Survey+of+India&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9788179911020&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Kumar+Suresh&rft.au=Mehta%2C+B.+V.&rft.au=Anthropological+Survey+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4bfmnmsBfQ4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinistry_of_Tribal_Affairs,_Government_of_India2002" class="citation report cs1">Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India (December 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201024014153/https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/65979/1/13_Labour_27.pdf">27th report of Standing Committee on Labour and Welfare with regards to SCs and STs order (Second Amendment) Bill, 2002</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/65979/1/13_Labour_27.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=27th+report+of+Standing+Committee+on+Labour+and+Welfare+with+regards+to+SCs+and+STs+order+%28Second+Amendment%29+Bill%2C+2002&rft.date=2002-12&rft.au=Ministry+of+Tribal+Affairs%2C+Government+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feparlib.nic.in%2Fbitstream%2F123456789%2F65979%2F1%2F13_Labour_27.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/oraons">"Oraons - Dictionary definition of Oraons"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Oraons+-+Dictionary+definition+of+Oraons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fhumanities%2Fencyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps%2Foraons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-list-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-list_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-list_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131107225208/http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/ST%20Lists.pdf">"List of notified Scheduled Tribes"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Census India. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/ST%20Lists.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 7 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+notified+Scheduled+Tribes&rft.pub=Census+India&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2FTables_Published%2FSCST%2FST%2520Lists.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dalton E T, The Oraons, Descriptive Ethnology of Bengal, 1872. Section 1, page 215.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerdinand_Hahn1985" class="citation book cs1">Ferdinand Hahn (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K4I3l9WL4BIC&pg=PR11"><i>Grammar of the Kurukh Language</i></a>. Mittal Publications. p. xii<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Grammar+of+the+Kurukh+Language&rft.pages=xii&rft.pub=Mittal+Publications&rft.date=1985&rft.au=Ferdinand+Hahn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DK4I3l9WL4BIC%26pg%3DPR11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IAS-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IAS_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIndian_Anthropological_Society1986" class="citation book cs1">Indian Anthropological Society (1986). <i>Journal of the Indian Anthropological Society, Volumes 21-22</i>. Indian Anthropological Society. pp. See page 75.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Journal+of+the+Indian+Anthropological+Society%2C+Volumes+21-22&rft.pages=See+page+75&rft.pub=Indian+Anthropological+Society&rft.date=1986&rft.au=Indian+Anthropological+Society&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2018" class="citation journal cs1">Singh, Anjana (August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/39717683">"Linguistic Politics and Kurukh Language Movement of the Oraons in Jharkhand"</a>. <i>Journal of Adivasi and Indigenous Studies</i>. <b>8</b>: 37–50 – via Academia.edu.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Adivasi+and+Indigenous+Studies&rft.atitle=Linguistic+Politics+and+Kurukh+Language+Movement+of+the+Oraons+in+Jharkhand&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=37-50&rft.date=2018-08&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Anjana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F39717683&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlisha_Vandana_Lakra,_Md._Mojibur_Rahman2017" class="citation web cs1">Alisha Vandana Lakra, Md. Mojibur Rahman (August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319297968">"Vitality and Endangerment of Contemporary Kurukh"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vitality+and+Endangerment+of+Contemporary+Kurukh&rft.date=2017-08&rft.au=Alisha+Vandana+Lakra%2C+Md.+Mojibur+Rahman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F319297968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-academia.edu-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-academia.edu_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanjay_Nath2015" class="citation journal cs1">Sanjay Nath (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/42298290">"Pages from the Old Records: A Note on 'The "Kols" of Chota-Nagpore' by E.T. Dalton"</a>. <i>academia.edu</i>: 15–22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=academia.edu&rft.atitle=Pages+from+the+Old+Records%3A+A+Note+on+%27The+%22Kols%22+of+Chota-Nagpore%27+by+E.T.+Dalton&rft.pages=15-22&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Sanjay+Nath&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F42298290&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailypioneer.com/2016/state-editions/governor-pays-tribute-to-veer-budhu-bhagat.html">"Governor pays tribute to Veer Budhu Bhagat"</a>. <i>dailypioneer</i>. 23 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=dailypioneer&rft.atitle=Governor+pays+tribute+to+Veer+Budhu+Bhagat&rft.date=2016-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailypioneer.com%2F2016%2Fstate-editions%2Fgovernor-pays-tribute-to-veer-budhu-bhagat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumar2008" class="citation journal cs1">Kumar, Sanjay (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44147236">"The Tana Bhagat Movement in Chotanagpur (1914-1920)"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the Indian History Congress</i>. <b>69</b>: 723–731. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2249-1937">2249-1937</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/44147236">44147236</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Indian+History+Congress&rft.atitle=The+Tana+Bhagat+Movement+in+Chotanagpur+%281914-1920%29&rft.volume=69&rft.pages=723-731&rft.date=2008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44147236%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=2249-1937&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=Sanjay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44147236&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.niscair.res.in/ScienceCommunication/ResearchJournals/rejour/ijtk/Fulltextsearch/2006/April%202006/IJTK-vol%205(2)-April%202006-pp%20224-226.htm">"Tradition of Clan names and conservation among the Oraons of Chhattishgarh"</a>. <i>niscair.res.in</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=niscair.res.in&rft.atitle=Tradition+of+Clan+names+and+conservation+among+the+Oraons+of+Chhattishgarh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.niscair.res.in%2FScienceCommunication%2FResearchJournals%2Frejour%2Fijtk%2FFulltextsearch%2F2006%2FApril%25202006%2FIJTK-vol%25205%282%29-April%25202006-pp%2520224-226.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_George_Frazer2000" class="citation book cs1">James George Frazer (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=khemzjElrc0C&pg=PA374"><i>Totemism and Exogamy</i></a>. Psychology Press. p. 374. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0700713387" title="Special:BookSources/978-0700713387"><bdi>978-0700713387</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Totemism+and+Exogamy&rft.pages=374&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0700713387&rft.au=James+George+Frazer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkhemzjElrc0C%26pg%3DPA374&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hi.vikaspedia.in/social-welfare/92d93e930924-915940-91c92891c93e92493f92f93e901/90692693f93593e938940-93890293894d91594392493f-914930-92a93092e94d92a93093e/90692693f93593e938940-91794b92494d930">"आदिवासी गोत्र"</a>. <i>vikaspedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vikaspedia&rft.atitle=%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhi.vikaspedia.in%2Fsocial-welfare%2F92d93e930924-915940-91c92891c93e92493f92f93e901%2F90692693f93593e938940-93890293894d91594392493f-914930-92a93092e94d92a93093e%2F90692693f93593e938940-91794b92494d930&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etribaltribune.com/index.php/volume-1/issue-7/marriage-customs-among-the-oraons">"Marriage Customs among The Oraons"</a>. <i>etribaltribune.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=etribaltribune.com&rft.atitle=Marriage+Customs+among+The+Oraons&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etribaltribune.com%2Findex.php%2Fvolume-1%2Fissue-7%2Fmarriage-customs-among-the-oraons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hahn1906-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hahn1906_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerdinand_Hahn1906" class="citation book cs1">Ferdinand Hahn (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NLrYAAAAMAAJ"><i>Blicke in die Geisteswelt der heidnischen Kols: Sammlung von Sagen, Märchen und Liedern der Oraon in Chota Nagpur</i></a>. C. Bertelsmann<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blicke+in+die+Geisteswelt+der+heidnischen+Kols%3A+Sammlung+von+Sagen%2C+M%C3%A4rchen+und+Liedern+der+Oraon+in+Chota+Nagpur&rft.pub=C.+Bertelsmann&rft.date=1906&rft.au=Ferdinand+Hahn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNLrYAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHewitt1893" class="citation journal cs1">Hewitt, J. F. (April 1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035869x00022395">"Art. VII.–The Tribes and Castes of Bengal, by H. H. Risley. Vols. I. and II. Ethnographic Glossary, Vols. I. and II. Anthropometric Data"</a>. <i>Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland</i>. <b>25</b> (2): 237–300. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0035869x00022395">10.1017/s0035869x00022395</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0035-869X">0035-869X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163011123">163011123</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Asiatic+Society+of+Great+Britain+%26+Ireland&rft.atitle=Art.+VII.%E2%80%93The+Tribes+and+Castes+of+Bengal%2C+by+H.+H.+Risley.+Vols.+I.+and+II.+Ethnographic+Glossary%2C+Vols.+I.+and+II.+Anthropometric+Data&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=237-300&rft.date=1893-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163011123%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0035-869X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0035869x00022395&rft.aulast=Hewitt&rft.aufirst=J.+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1017%2Fs0035869x00022395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-admin-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-admin_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-admin_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeam2016" class="citation audio-visual cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Team, Mai Bhi Bharat (16 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_uVr9TtVyk"><i>Tribes of India, PESA Act & Padaha system of Oraon tribe</i></a> (Television production). Mai Bhi Bharat (in Hindi). <a href="/wiki/Rajya_Sabha_TV" title="Rajya Sabha TV">RSTV</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211213/g_uVr9TtVyk">Archived</a> from the original on 13 December 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tribes+of+India%2C+PESA+Act+%26+Padaha+system+of+Oraon+tribe&rft.series=Mai+Bhi+Bharat&rft.pub=RSTV&rft.date=2016-05-16&rft.aulast=Team&rft.aufirst=Mai+Bhi+Bharat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dg_uVr9TtVyk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhosh2003" class="citation book cs1">Ghosh, Abhik (2003). <i>History and Culture of the Oraon Tribe : Some Aspects of Their Social Life</i>. Mohit. p. 237. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-7445-196-X" title="Special:BookSources/81-7445-196-X"><bdi>81-7445-196-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+and+Culture+of+the+Oraon+Tribe+%3A+Some+Aspects+of+Their+Social+Life&rft.pages=237&rft.pub=Mohit&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=81-7445-196-X&rft.aulast=Ghosh&rft.aufirst=Abhik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jha, P. 41 <i>India and Nepal</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ir.nmu.org.ua/bitstream/handle/123456789/133612/85b69f83ea77c6c93361a503b826c134.pdf?sequence=1">Cinema & I pg.116</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151125040537/http://ir.nmu.org.ua/bitstream/handle/123456789/133612/85b69f83ea77c6c93361a503b826c134.pdf?sequence=1">Archived</a> 25 November 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/hockey/top-stories/asunta-lakra-a-symbol-for-tribal-hope/articleshow/11772062.cms">"Asunta Lakra, a symbol for tribal hope"</a>. <i>The Times of India</i>. 6 February 2012. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-8257">0971-8257</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Asunta+Lakra%2C+a+symbol+for+tribal+hope&rft.date=2012-02-06&rft.issn=0971-8257&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fsports%2Fhockey%2Ftop-stories%2Fasunta-lakra-a-symbol-for-tribal-hope%2Farticleshow%2F11772062.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKurukh+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kurukh_people" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kurukh people">Kurukh people</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kurukhworld.com/portray/social,%20culture%20&%20economical%20dimension/index.html">kurukhworld.com</a></li></ul> <p><i>This article includes material from the 1995 <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Country_Studies" title="Library of Congress Country Studies">Library of Congress Country Study</a> on India.</i> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_Bangladesh" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Bangladesh" title="Template:Ethnic groups in Bangladesh"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_Bangladesh" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in Bangladesh"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Bangladesh" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in Bangladesh"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_Bangladesh" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Bangladesh">Ethnic groups in Bangladesh</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_peoples" title="Indo-Aryan peoples">Indo-Aryans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_people" title="Assamese people">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barua_people" title="Barua people">Barua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stranded_Pakistanis_in_Bangladesh" title="Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh">Stranded Pakistanis/Biharis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beens" title="Beens">Beens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengalis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhakaiyas" title="Dhakaiyas">Dhakaiyas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahifarash" title="Mahifarash">Mahifarash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Kahar" title="Muslim Kahar">Kahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kan_(tribe)" title="Kan (tribe)">Kan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohingyas" class="mw-redirect" title="Rohingyas">Rohingyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shershabadia" title="Shershabadia">Shershabadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylhetis" title="Sylhetis">Sylhetis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahimal" title="Mahimal">Mahimal</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishnupriya_Manipuri_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishnupriya Manipuri people">Bishnupriya Manipuris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaz" title="Bonaz">Bonaz</a></li> <li>Keot</li> <li>Koch</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalis_in_Bangladesh" title="Nepalis in Bangladesh">Nepalis</a></li> <li>Polia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajbongshi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Rajbongshi people">Rajbongshi</a></li> <li>Ranjoarh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urdu-speaking_people" title="Urdu-speaking people">Urdu-speaking people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austro-Asiatic_people_of_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Austro-Asiatic people of South Asia">Austro-Asiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Aowe</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bauris" class="mw-redirect" title="Bauris">Bauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumij_people" title="Bhumij people">Bhumij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalia_Kaibarta" title="Jalia Kaibarta">Jalia Kaibarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharia_people" title="Kharia people">Kharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_people" title="Khasi people">Khasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahle_people" title="Mahle people">Mahle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munda_people" title="Munda people">Munda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kora_(tribe)" title="Kora (tribe)">Kora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabar_people" title="Sabar people">Sabar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnar_people" title="Pnar people">Pnar/Jaintia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santhal_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Santhal people">Santals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_peoples" title="Dravidian peoples">Dravidian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kurukh/Oraon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musahar" title="Musahar">Mushahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malto_people" title="Malto people">Malto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mal_Paharia_people" title="Mal Paharia people">Mal Paharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauria_Paharia_people" title="Sauria Paharia people">Sauria Paharia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chak_people" title="Chak people">Chak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_people" title="Chakma people">Chakma</a></li> <li>Dalu</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_people" title="Garo people">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_people" title="Hajong people">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khumi_people" title="Khumi people">Khumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khyang_people" title="Khyang people">Khyang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laleng" title="Laleng">Laleng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marma_people" title="Marma people">Marma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_people" title="Meitei people">Meitei</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pangal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pangal">Pangal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rakhine_people,_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Rakhine people, Bangladesh">Rakhine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanchangya_people" title="Tanchangya people">Tanchangya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_people" title="Tripuri people">Tripuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zo_people" title="Zo people">Zo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bawm_people" title="Bawm people">Bawm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chin_people" title="Chin people">Chin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mru_people" title="Mru people">Mru</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuki_people" title="Kuki people">Kuki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Halam_tribe" title="Halam tribe">Halam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pankho_people" title="Pankho people">Pankho</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hrangkhol_people" title="Hrangkhol people">Hrangkhol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_people" title="Mizo people">Mizo</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenians in Bangladesh">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people_in_Bangladesh" title="Chinese people in Bangladesh">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_Bangladesh" title="Indians in Bangladesh">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumma_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumma people">Jummas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bhutanese_society" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bhutanese_society" title="Template:Bhutanese society"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bhutanese_society" title="Template talk:Bhutanese society"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bhutanese_society" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bhutanese society"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bhutanese_society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bhutan" title="Demographics of Bhutan">Bhutanese society</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Bhutan" title="Culture of Bhutan">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_art" title="Bhutanese art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_cuisine" title="Bhutanese cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzong_architecture" title="Dzong architecture">Dzong architecture</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Driglam_namzha" title="Driglam namzha">Driglam namzha</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Bhutan" title="Music of Bhutan">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Bhutan" title="Women in Bhutan">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan"><img alt="Bhutan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flag_of_Bhutan.svg/80px-Flag_of_Bhutan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Bhutan" title="Religion in Bhutan">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Bhutan" title="Buddhism in Bhutan">Buddhism in Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Bhutan" title="Hinduism in Bhutan">Hinduism in Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bon_in_Bhutan" title="Bon in Bhutan">Bon in Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Bhutan" title="Christianity in Bhutan">Christianity in Bhutan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dual_system_of_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Dual system of government">Dual system of government</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bhutan" title="Freedom of religion in Bhutan">Freedom of religion</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Bhutan" title="Ethnic groups in Bhutan">Ethnic groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ngalop_people" title="Ngalop people">Ngalop</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;">including <a href="/wiki/Kheng_people" title="Kheng people">Kheng</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">Bumthang</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lhotshampa" title="Lhotshampa">Lhotshampa</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Non-Resident_Nepali" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Resident Nepali">Nepali</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Tamang_people" title="Tamang people">Tamang</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Gurung_people" title="Gurung people">Gurung</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Rai_people" title="Rai people">Rai</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Limbu_people" title="Limbu people">Limbu</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharchops" title="Sharchops">Sharchop</a></li> <li>Tribal groups <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Brokpa" title="Brokpa">Brokpa</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Koch_Rajbongshi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Koch Rajbongshi people">Koch</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Monpa_people" title="Monpa people">Monpa</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Layap" title="Layap">Layap</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_people" title="Lepcha people">Lepcha</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Lhop_people" title="Lhop people">Lhop</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oraon</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Toto_people" title="Toto people">Toto</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Bhutan" title="Languages of Bhutan">Languages</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Bhutan" title="Law of Bhutan">Law</a> and <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Bhutan">politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Bhutan" title="Censorship in Bhutan">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_democracy" title="Bhutanese democracy">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driglam_namzha" title="Driglam namzha">Driglam namzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Bhutan" title="Elections in Bhutan">Elections and voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gross_National_Happiness" title="Gross National Happiness">Gross National Happiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Bhutan" title="Human rights in Bhutan">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Bhutan" title="Immigration to Bhutan">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Bhutan">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_refugees" title="Bhutanese refugees">Refugees</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Refugees_in_Nepal" title="Refugees in Nepal">in Nepal</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Bhutan" title="Freedom of religion in Bhutan">Religious freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_Control_Act_of_Bhutan_2010" title="Tobacco Control Act of Bhutan 2010">Tobacco laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing_in_Bhutan" title="Ethnic cleansing in Bhutan">Ethnic cleansing in Bhutan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tribes_of_Jharkhand" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tribes_of_Jharkhand" title="Template:Tribes of Jharkhand"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tribes_of_Jharkhand" title="Template talk:Tribes of Jharkhand"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tribes_of_Jharkhand" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tribes of Jharkhand"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tribes_of_Jharkhand" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tribes_of_Jharkhand" title="Tribes of Jharkhand">Tribes of Jharkhand</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asur_people" title="Asur people">Asur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiga_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baiga (tribe)">Baiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumij_people" title="Bhumij people">Bhumij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birhor_people" title="Birhor people">Birhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chero" title="Chero">Chero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_people" title="Gondi people">Gond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_people" title="Ho people">Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kodaku" class="mw-redirect" title="Kodaku">Kodaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kol_people" title="Kol people">Kol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korwa_people" title="Korwa people">Korwa</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kurukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahli_(tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahli (tribe)">Mahli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mal_Paharia_people" title="Mal Paharia people">Mal Paharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munda_people" title="Munda people">Munda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santal" class="mw-redirect" title="Santal">Santal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauria_Paharia_people" title="Sauria Paharia people">Sauria Paharia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Scheduled_Tribes_of_Odisha" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#AAFF88;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Scheduled_tribes_in_Odisha" title="Template:Scheduled tribes in Odisha"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Scheduled_tribes_in_Odisha" title="Template talk:Scheduled tribes in Odisha"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Scheduled_tribes_in_Odisha" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Scheduled tribes in Odisha"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Scheduled_Tribes_of_Odisha" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scheduled_Tribes_in_Odisha" title="List of Scheduled Tribes in Odisha">Scheduled Tribes of Odisha</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bathudi">Bathudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhottada" title="Bhottada">Bhottada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumij_people" title="Bhumij people">Bhumij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhuiya" title="Bhuiya">Bhuiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhunjia" title="Bhunjia">Bhunjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonda_people" title="Bonda people">Bonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dangaria_Kandha" title="Dangaria Kandha">Dangaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadabas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadabas">Gadaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_people" title="Gondi people">Gond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khonds" title="Khonds">Kandha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisan_people" title="Kisan people">Kisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koya_language" title="Koya language">Koya</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kurukh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munda_people" title="Munda people">Munda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santal_people" title="Santal people">Santal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sora_people" title="Sora people">Saura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabar_people" title="Sabar people">Shabar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Scheduled_tribes_of_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Scheduled_tribes_of_India" title="Template:Scheduled tribes of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Scheduled_tribes_of_India" title="Template talk:Scheduled tribes of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Scheduled_tribes_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Scheduled tribes of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Scheduled_tribes_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scheduled_Tribes_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Scheduled Tribes in India">Scheduled tribes of</a> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asur_people" title="Asur people">Asur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiga_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Baiga tribe">Baiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharia_people" title="Bharia people">Bharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhil people">Bhil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumij_people" title="Bhumij people">Bhumij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutia" title="Bhutia">Bhutia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birhor_people" title="Birhor people">Birhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boro_people" title="Boro people">Bodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodo-Kachari_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodo-Kachari people">Bodo-Kachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhoksa_people" title="Bhoksa people">Boksa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonda_people" title="Bonda people">Bonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_people" title="Chakma people">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenchu_people" title="Chenchu people">Chenchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanka" title="Dhanka">Dhanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimasa_people" title="Dimasa people">Dimasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_people" title="Garo people">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_people" title="Gondi people">Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_people" title="Hajong people">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmar_people" title="Hmar people">Hmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_people" title="Ho people">Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irula_people" title="Irula people">Irulas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_people" title="Karbi people">Karbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_people" title="Khasi people">Khasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khonds" title="Khonds">Khonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kol_people" title="Kol people">Kol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korwa_people" title="Korwa people">Korwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuki_people" title="Kuki people">Kuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_people" title="Lepcha people">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_people" title="Limbu people">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodha_people" title="Lodha people">Lodha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahli_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahli tribe">Mahli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_people" title="Mara people">Mara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mech_people" title="Mech people">Mech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mising_people" title="Mising people">Mishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_people" title="Mizo people">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mog_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mog people">Mog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munda_people" title="Munda people">Munda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudugar" title="Mudugar">Mudugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_people" title="Naga people">Naga</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Oraon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnar_people" title="Pnar people">Pnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabari" title="Rabari">Rabari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabha_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabha tribe">Rabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reang" title="Reang">Reang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santal_people" title="Santal people">Santal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sora_people" title="Sora people">Sora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toda_people" title="Toda people">Toda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_people" title="Tripuri people">Tripuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4335685#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4335685#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4335685#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1047190/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85095286">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007548579105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&oldid=1258827507">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&oldid=1258827507</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Bangladesh" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Bangladesh">Ethnic groups in Bangladesh</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Adivasi" title="Category:Adivasi">Adivasi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dravidian_peoples" title="Category:Dravidian peoples">Dravidian peoples</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_groups_of_Delhi" title="Category:Social groups of Delhi">Social groups of Delhi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scheduled_Tribes_of_Odisha" title="Category:Scheduled Tribes of Odisha">Scheduled Tribes of Odisha</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scheduled_Tribes_of_Jharkhand" title="Category:Scheduled Tribes of Jharkhand">Scheduled Tribes of Jharkhand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scheduled_Tribes_of_Bihar" title="Category:Scheduled Tribes of Bihar">Scheduled Tribes of Bihar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scheduled_Tribes_of_West_Bengal" title="Category:Scheduled Tribes of West Bengal">Scheduled Tribes of West Bengal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Scheduled_Tribes_of_Chhattisgarh" title="Category:Scheduled Tribes of Chhattisgarh">Scheduled Tribes of Chhattisgarh</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Bengali-language_sources_(bn)" title="Category:CS1 Bengali-language sources (bn)">CS1 Bengali-language sources (bn)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Hindi-language_sources_(hi)" title="Category:CS1 Hindi-language sources (hi)">CS1 Hindi-language sources (hi)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_March_2024" title="Category:Use dmy dates from March 2024">Use dmy dates from March 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Indian_English_from_March_2024" title="Category:Use Indian English from March 2024">Use Indian English from March 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Indian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%22Related_ethnic_groups%22_needing_confirmation" title="Category:"Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation">"Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_infobox_ethnic_group_with_image_parameters" title="Category:Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters">Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 November 2024, at 21:16<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kurukh_people&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-nd6xd","wgBackendResponseTime":141,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.856","walltime":"1.045","ppvisitednodes":{"value":5342,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":134578,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8058,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":4,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":162118,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 877.848 1 -total"," 30.20% 265.098 1 Template:Reflist"," 16.10% 141.360 1 Template:Infobox_ethnic_group"," 12.28% 107.844 8 Template:Cite_web"," 11.63% 102.137 4 Template:Transliteration"," 8.81% 77.352 2 Template:Short_description"," 8.80% 77.214 5 Template:Navbox"," 6.19% 54.331 1 Template:Ethnic_groups_in_Bangladesh"," 6.12% 53.732 1 Template:Hlist"," 5.65% 49.623 9 Template:Cite_book"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.503","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":15718503,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-rhzm7","timestamp":"20241122141102","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Kurukh people","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kurukh_people","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4335685","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q4335685","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-04-14T03:43:07Z","dateModified":"2024-11-21T21:16:43Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/17\/Kurukh_dance_of_Oraons_.jpg","headline":"indigenous (scheduled) tribe from India"}</script> </body> </html>