CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Mass media in Kosovo - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"1e611be4-8684-427f-951c-f860b0cb87c5","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Mass_media_in_Kosovo","wgTitle":"Mass media in Kosovo","wgCurRevisionId":1224834245,"wgRevisionId":1224834245,"wgArticleId":38626370,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from March 2020","Articles with permanently dead external links","CS1 maint: archived copy as title","All articles with bare URLs for citations","Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022","Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations","Articles with dead external links from February 2020","CS1 errors: missing periodical", "Articles with short description","Short description with empty Wikidata description","Articles to be expanded from December 2015","All articles to be expanded","All articles with vague or ambiguous time","Vague or ambiguous time from December 2022","Mass media in Kosovo","Mass media by country","Mass media in Europe by country"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Mass_media_in_Kosovo","wgRelevantArticleId":38626370,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Media_of_Kosovo","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true, "watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Mass_media_in_Kosovo","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q6805896","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init", "ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Radio_Televizioni_i_Kosov%C3%ABs_-_RTK_%282%29.jpg/1200px-Radio_Televizioni_i_Kosov%C3%ABs_-_RTK_%282%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Radio_Televizioni_i_Kosov%C3%ABs_-_RTK_%282%29.jpg/800px-Radio_Televizioni_i_Kosov%C3%ABs_-_RTK_%282%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Radio_Televizioni_i_Kosov%C3%ABs_-_RTK_%282%29.jpg/640px-Radio_Televizioni_i_Kosov%C3%ABs_-_RTK_%282%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="960"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Mass media in Kosovo - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_media_in_Kosovo"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_media_in_Kosovo"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Mass_media_in_Kosovo rootpage-Mass_media_in_Kosovo skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Mass+media+in+Kosovo" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Mass+media+in+Kosovo" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Mass+media+in+Kosovo" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Mass+media+in+Kosovo" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative_framework" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative_framework"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Legislative framework</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legislative_framework-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legislative framework subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legislative_framework-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Status_and_self-regulation_of_journalists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status_and_self-regulation_of_journalists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Status and self-regulation of journalists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status_and_self-regulation_of_journalists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_outlets" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_outlets"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Media outlets</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media_outlets-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media outlets subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media_outlets-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_service_broadcaster" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_service_broadcaster"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Public service broadcaster</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_service_broadcaster-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Print_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Print_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Print media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Print_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publishing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publishing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Publishing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publishing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio_broadcasting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio_broadcasting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Radio broadcasting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio_broadcasting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television_broadcasting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_broadcasting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Television broadcasting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_broadcasting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Cinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Telecommunications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Telecommunications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Telecommunications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Telecommunications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Internet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_organisations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_organisations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Media organisations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media_organisations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media organisations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media_organisations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regulatory_authorities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regulatory_authorities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Regulatory authorities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regulatory_authorities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Censorship_and_media_freedom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Censorship_and_media_freedom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Censorship and media freedom</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Censorship_and_media_freedom-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Censorship and media freedom subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Censorship_and_media_freedom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Attacks_and_threats_against_journalists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attacks_and_threats_against_journalists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Attacks and threats against journalists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attacks_and_threats_against_journalists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_interferences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_interferences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Political interferences</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_interferences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Smear_campaigns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Smear_campaigns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Smear campaigns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Smear_campaigns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_ownership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_ownership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Media ownership</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media_ownership-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media ownership subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media_ownership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transparency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transparency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Transparency</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transparency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Concentration_and_pluralism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Concentration_and_pluralism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Concentration and pluralism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Concentration_and_pluralism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Main_media_owners" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_media_owners"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Main media owners</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_media_owners-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mass media in Kosovo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 1 language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">1 language</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_in_Kosovo" title="Media in Kosovo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Media in Kosovo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6805896#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Kosovo" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Mass_media_in_Kosovo" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Kosovo"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Kosovo"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Mass_media_in_Kosovo" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Mass_media_in_Kosovo" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&oldid=1224834245" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&id=1224834245&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMass_media_in_Kosovo"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMass_media_in_Kosovo"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Media_in_Kosovo" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6805896" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_of_Kosovo&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Kosovo">Media of Kosovo</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Kosovo" title="Category:Kosovo">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kosovo" title="Culture of Kosovo">Culture of Kosovo</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image photo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kosovo_stub.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Kosovo_stub.svg/100px-Kosovo_stub.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Kosovo_stub.svg/150px-Kosovo_stub.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Kosovo_stub.svg/200px-Kosovo_stub.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="817" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Kosovo" title="History of Kosovo">History</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Kosovo">People</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Kosovo">Languages</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Mythology_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Mythology of Kosovo">Mythology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_heritage_of_Kosovo#Folklore" title="Cultural heritage of Kosovo">folklore</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Kosovar_cuisine" title="Kosovar cuisine">Cuisine</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Kosovo" title="Public holidays in Kosovo">Festivals</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kosovo" title="Religion in Kosovo">Religion</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Art_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Kosovo">Art</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Kosovo" title="Literature of Kosovo">Literature</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kosovo" title="Music of Kosovo">Music</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Kosovo">Media</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Kosovo" title="Television in Kosovo">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kosovo" title="Cinema of Kosovo">Cinema</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Kosovo" title="Sport in Kosovo">Sport</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Monuments_of_Kosovo" title="Monuments of Kosovo">Monuments</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of Kosovo">Symbols</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kosovo" title="Flag of Kosovo">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Kosovo">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Kosovo">National anthem</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Kosovo" title="Template:Culture of Kosovo"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Kosovo" title="Template talk:Culture of Kosovo"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Kosovo" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Kosovo"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Radio_Televizioni_i_Kosov%C3%ABs_-_RTK_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Radio_Televizioni_i_Kosov%C3%ABs_-_RTK_%282%29.jpg/220px-Radio_Televizioni_i_Kosov%C3%ABs_-_RTK_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Radio_Televizioni_i_Kosov%C3%ABs_-_RTK_%282%29.jpg/330px-Radio_Televizioni_i_Kosov%C3%ABs_-_RTK_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Radio_Televizioni_i_Kosov%C3%ABs_-_RTK_%282%29.jpg/440px-Radio_Televizioni_i_Kosov%C3%ABs_-_RTK_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4272" /></a><figcaption>Building of Public television of Kosovo, Kohavision and Radio Kosova</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>mass media in <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></b> consists of different kinds of communicative media such as radio, television, newspapers, and internet <a href="/wiki/Web_site" class="mw-redirect" title="Web site">web sites</a>. Most of the media survive from <a href="/wiki/Online_advertising" title="Online advertising">advertising</a> and subscriptions. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Kosovo" title="Constitution of Kosovo">Kosovo's Constitution</a> and laws provide for freedom of expression and press freedom. Yet, these are often at stake due to political and economic interferences, fostered by media ownership concentration.<sup id="cite_ref-FH_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> ranked Kosovo in 90th place in its <a href="/wiki/World_Press_Freedom_Index" title="World Press Freedom Index">World Press Freedom Index</a>, down three places from 2015 when it was in 87th place. In 2013, Kosovo was ranked in 85th place, below the average of the Western <a href="/wiki/Balkan" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkan">Balkan</a> and far away from the countries of <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was a slight progress from the 86th place of 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislative_framework">Legislative framework</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Legislative framework"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The legal framework of Kosovo is deemed relatively good. The <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Kosovo" title="Constitution of Kosovo">Constitution of Kosovo</a> protects <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_expression" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom of expression">freedom of expression</a> and <a href="/wiki/Media_freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="Media freedom">media freedom</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Libel" class="mw-redirect" title="Libel">libel</a> are decriminalised, but author, editor, and publisher may be liable for damages. The Criminal Code regulates <a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">hate speech</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EP_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 32">: 32 </span></sup> There is no special protection for state officials. Before going to court, the person seeking damages has to try with the publisher or with the appropriate regulatory body.<sup id="cite_ref-indicators_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indicators-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 19">: 19 </span></sup> A negative note is that journalists may face civil proceedings for defamation without support by their media outlets. Also, in defamation and insult cases the <a href="/wiki/Burden_of_proof_(law)" title="Burden of proof (law)">burden of proof</a> is on the defendant, namely the journalist.<sup id="cite_ref-indicators_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indicators-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 20">: 20 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fh2016_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fh2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Censorship is forbidden, except in the cases of provocation of violence and discrimination.<sup id="cite_ref-Constitution_of_Kosovo_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constitution_of_Kosovo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A law on the protection of journalistic sources was passed in 2013 by the Kosovo parliament, based on Belgian standards, deemed among the most advanced in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-EP_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 32">: 32 </span></sup> </p><p>The 2010 Law on Access to Public Documents<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> guarantees <a href="/wiki/Access_to_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Access to information">access to information</a> to official documents maintained, drawn or received by the public institutions. Applicants must submit a written request for the information that they wish to access. Each ministry has an official that is tasked with dealing with access requests, though implementation is uneven and overloaded courts are not a viable avenue for redress.<sup id="cite_ref-FH_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Online content is not regulated by law in Kosovo, besides generally applicable norms. The 2013 Code of the Press Council of Kosovo includes guidelines for online journalism, e.g. on responsibility for monitoring and control over published materials.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kosovo media are free to enter the market freely, although the licensing system - and the politicisation of the Independent Media Commission (IMC) may be a hurdle.<sup id="cite_ref-FH_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There remain concerns about <a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">hate speech</a> and <a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">defamation</a> in the media. In September 2013, three persons were indicted for hate speech after protests against the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosovo_2.0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosovo 2.0 (page does not exist)">Kosovo 2.0</a></i> print magazine issue entitled "Sex", which included content addressing LGBT issues.<sup id="cite_ref-EP_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 32">: 32 </span></sup> </p><p>The main issue with Kosovo's legislation, rather than its broad alignment with EU standards, is its uneven implementation, due to the lack of experience of the policy and judiciary and the challenges of interpreting a fragmented anc growing corpus of laws.<sup id="cite_ref-FH_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Status_and_self-regulation_of_journalists">Status and self-regulation of journalists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Status and self-regulation of journalists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A definition of <a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">journalist</a> was provided in the 2013 Law on the Protection of Sources. It defines a journalist as "each natural or legal person, who is engaged regularly or professionally to contribute directly in the gathering, editing, production and dissemination of information to the public through the media".<sup id="cite_ref-EP_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 34">: 34 </span></sup> </p><p>The Association of Professional Journalists records around 20 cases annually of intimidation or threats against journalists, although physical threats violent attacks have not been recorded. Job security for journalists is not guaranteed, and cases of breach of contracts are often not reported to the authorities or to the public for fear of losing the job. Freedom House concluded in 2015 that "journalists have few professional rights, earn low wages, and often work without contracts, leaving them vulnerable to corruption and prone to self-censorship"<sup id="cite_ref-FH_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two codes of ethics regulate the profession: the Kosovo Press Council's 2005 Code of Ethics, and the Independent Media Commission's 2010 Code of Ethics. Yet, the journalists' knowledge of media legislation is rather low. Investigative journalism is mostly lacking, as journalists end up reporting on protocol news, and no media has dedicated lawyers.<sup id="cite_ref-EP_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 34">: 34 </span></sup> </p><p>Journalists and editors are exempted from requirements to testify, according to the 2013 Criminal Procedure Code. They also have the right not to reveal their sources, except if necessary to prevent serious threats possibly leading to death, according to the 2013 Law on the Protection of Sources.<sup id="cite_ref-EP_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 34">: 34 </span></sup> </p><p>The Kosovo Press Council (KPC) is the self-regulatory body of the press, composed of 18 members from print and online media. It deals with around 100 claims per year, and its decisions are respected and published - though not self-executive.<sup id="cite_ref-FH_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is not yet financially sustainable and relies on foreign donors. It also has to face the issue of adjudicating on online media, particularly copyright and privacy violations, and hate speech.<sup id="cite_ref-EP_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 34">: 34 </span></sup> </p><p>Self-censorship is on the rise, due to the "permeability of editorial independence in the face of advertisers, political pressure through the close links between media owners and politicians and the global dwindling media revenues, particularly in the written press", according to the Kosovo NGO INDEP<sup id="cite_ref-INDEP_2013_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INDEP_2013-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although several journalists' associations exist, there is no officially recognised professional trade union.<sup id="cite_ref-FH_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 2016, a Freedom of Expression, Media and Information <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> report was published by Çohu!, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosovo_2.0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosovo 2.0 (page does not exist)">Kosovo 2.0</a> and KPC which used the <a href="/wiki/European_Council" title="European Council">European Council</a>'s 27 Indicators for Media in a Democracy. It found that "While some progress has been made over the years, overall challenges remain with regard to freedom of expression and information, the legislative and regulatory framework, and independence, to ensure freedom of expression, information and media." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_outlets">Media outlets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Media outlets"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to IREX<sup id="cite_ref-IREX_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IREX-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there were 92 radio stations and 22 television stations in Kosovo in 2012. </p><p>Media ownership is not regulated by law, but it was deemed "transparent" by the INDEP institute in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-INDEP_2013_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INDEP_2013-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Private print and broadcast media have to register with the Kosovo Business Registration Agency and disclose their ownership structure.<sup id="cite_ref-FH_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Independent Media Commission requires media companies to send it annual ownership reports and to disclose the same information with tax authorities. Anyway, media that are not registered as companies have no such legal requirement.<sup id="cite_ref-EP_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 33">: 33 </span></sup> Although ownership transparency rules are effective, the real backers of several print media remain opaque.<sup id="cite_ref-FH_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Media ownership is mainly local, as no foreign investor operates on the market.<sup id="cite_ref-EP_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 33">: 33 </span></sup> Media ownership concentration is very strong, according to the 2014 European Commission progress report.<sup id="cite_ref-FH_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Commercial media are mostly funded through advertisement revenues. Dependence on big advertisers - particularly the public or state-owned ones - often leads media to self-censorship when their interests are at stake. The state only provides small funding for minority media.<sup id="cite_ref-EP_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 33">: 33 </span></sup> In the analysis of advertising market in the Republic of Kosovo by Independent Media Commission<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 44% of the budget of public companies goes for advertisements in national televisions, 10% in local televisions, 8% in national radios, 9% in local radios, 11% for daily newspapers and 18% for other media. Kosovo lacks strong private advertisers, thus leaving private advertisers dependent on foreign donors. Most media outlets remain financially unsustainable, and operate only thanks to political or business supporters.<sup id="cite_ref-FH_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The financial crisis hit hard on Kosovo media, especially the independent ones, with two daily newspapers closed in 2012, resulting in job losses and lack of job security for journalists.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yet, media close to political interests seem to withstand the crisis better and to secure advertisement funds more easily.<sup id="cite_ref-EP_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 33">: 33 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_service_broadcaster">Public service broadcaster</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Public service broadcaster"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The public service broadcaster is <a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Kosovo" title="Radio Television of Kosovo">Radio Television of Kosovo</a>, RTK, regulated by the Law on Public Broadcasting. Its financing was originally guaranteed by a license fee paid over electricity bill, until the Constitutional Court declared that it was not due and shifted RTK's budget over state subsidy (0.7% of Kosovo's budget). The change raised concerns for the preservation of RTK's independence. The legal requirement for RTK to plan an end to the transitional state budget funding has not been enacted.<sup id="cite_ref-EP_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 33">: 33 </span></sup> </p><p>RTK has been criticised for lack of investigative journalism and political bias, e.g. in the extensive coverage of the ruling<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (December 2022)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> political party (including the annual meeting of the ruling Kosovo Democratic Party) as opposed to the short and misleading coverage of opposition Vetvendosje 2012 protests, which was deemed "a major signal of state financing putting the editorial independence of public television at risk" (IREX, 2013b). Moreover, RTK coverage only reaches 62.7% of Kosovo's territory<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> RTK Board members are elected by the Parliament by majority vote, thus entrusting their appointment to the majority parties. Political pressures aside, RTK maintains an untapped potential thanks to good equipment and professional editors and journalists.<sup id="cite_ref-EP_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 33">: 33 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Print_media">Print media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Print media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Kosovo" title="List of newspapers in Kosovo">List of newspapers in Kosovo</a></div> <p>In Kosovo there are several operating newspapers.<sup id="cite_ref-INDEP_2013_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INDEP_2013-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They include: </p> <ul><li><i>The Kosovo Spectator</i> ('Independent') - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/the-kosovo-spectator">English language</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Revista_Kosovarja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Revista Kosovarja (page does not exist)">Revista Kosovarja</a></i> is a magazine published in <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>. It was founded on October 24, 1971</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kosova_Press" title="Kosova Press">Kosova Press</a></i> ('Independent News Agency KosovaPress') is first News Agency on Kosovo. The news agency Kosova Press was established on January 4, 1999. Since that time, it has published information in these languages: Albanian, English, German and French. It currently publishes in Albanian and English.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Koha_Ditore" title="Koha Ditore">Koha Ditore</a></i> ('Daily Time'), the only newspaper published before 1999, remains the leading daily newspaper. Its founder and owner <a href="/wiki/Veton_Surroi" title="Veton Surroi">Veton Surroi</a> founded the <a href="/wiki/Reformist_Party_ORA" title="Reformist Party ORA">Reformist Party ORA</a> (now part of <a href="/wiki/Democratic_League_of_Kosovo" title="Democratic League of Kosovo">LDK</a>), and the newspaper is run by his sister <a href="/wiki/Flaka_Surroi" title="Flaka Surroi">Flaka Surroi</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gazeta_Express" title="Gazeta Express">Gazeta Express</a></i> ('Express newspaper') was established in 2005 as an independent daily, financed by <a href="/wiki/IPKO" title="IPKO">IPKO</a>, Kosovo's leading private telecommunications company. In tabloid format, it is known for its distinctive editorials and op-ed's, as well as focus on investigative journalism.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arbresh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arbresh (page does not exist)">Arbresh</a></i> ('Portali arbresh')is a Kosovo newsportal</li> <li><i>Infopress</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bota_Sot" title="Bota Sot">Bota Sot</a></i> ('World Today'). Headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a>, it launched as the newspaper of the Kosovo diaspora in Switzerland. Its editorial line supported the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Albania" title="Democratic Party of Albania">Democratic Party of Albania</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_League_of_Kosovo" title="Democratic League of Kosovo">Democratic League of Kosovo</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=InfoKosova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="InfoKosova (page does not exist)">InfoKosova</a></i> ('Portali InfoKosova') is a Kosovo newsportal</li> <li><i>Bota Press</i> ('World Press') Pro-<a href="/wiki/Democratic_League_of_Kosovo" title="Democratic League of Kosovo">LDK</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epoka_e_Re" title="Epoka e Re">Epoka e Re</a></i> ('The New Epoch'), established in 1999.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kosova_Sot" title="Kosova Sot">Kosova Sot</a></i> ('Kosovo Today') independent. Claims to have the highest circulation.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lajm" class="mw-redirect" title="Lajm">Lajm</a></i> ('News'), est. 2004, pro-<a href="/wiki/New_Kosovo_Alliance" title="New Kosovo Alliance">AKR</a>, owned by the businessman and politician <a href="/wiki/Behgjet_Pacolli" title="Behgjet Pacolli">Behgjet Pacolli</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tribuna_(Kosovo_newspaper)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tribuna (Kosovo newspaper) (page does not exist)">Tribuna</a></i> ('The Tribune')</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%C3%ABri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zëri (page does not exist)">Zëri</a></i> ('The Voice'), owned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blerim_Shala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blerim Shala (page does not exist)">Blerim Shala</a>, an analyst and journalist who also took part in the <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_status_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo status process">Kosovo status process</a> negotiations</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleshkronja_Post" title="Teleshkronja Post">Teleshkronja Post</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> News and Media website based in Drenas (Ex-Glogoc) owned by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teleshkronjapost.info">Teleshkronja Post</a> news company, founded date: 26 November 2017.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosova24" title="Kosova24">Kosova24</a> ('Kosova 24')<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is an independent newsmedia based in Prizren owned by <a href="/wiki/Kosova24" title="Kosova24">Kosova 24 SH.P.K.</a>, founded date: 13 May 2020.</li></ul> <p><i>Express</i>, a newspaper best known for its front page on the day when Kosovo declared independence, since March 22, 2013 exists only online. </p><p>According to OSCE<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> there are between 25.000-35.000 copies sold every day, which is a low number compared with Kosovo's population (around 2 million).<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publishing">Publishing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Publishing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio_broadcasting">Radio broadcasting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Radio broadcasting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Kosovo" title="List of radio stations in Kosovo">List of radio stations in Kosovo</a></div> <p>There are six nationwide radio channels in Kosovo: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Kosova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Kosova (page does not exist)">Radio Kosova</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Kosovo" title="Radio Television of Kosovo">RTK</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Blue_Sky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Blue Sky (page does not exist)">Radio Blue Sky</a>, <a href="/wiki/RTV21" title="RTV21">Radio 21</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Dukagjini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio Dukagjini (page does not exist)">Radio Dukagjini</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_K4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radio K4 (page does not exist)">Radio K4</a> (the latter broadcasting in both Albanian and Serbian). There are then five regional-coverage channels (Radio BESA, <a href="/wiki/92.1_Capital_FM" title="92.1 Capital FM">92.1 Capital FM</a>, Radio HELIX, Radio MITROVICA, and Radio PULS - the latter in Serbian), and several local ones. </p><p>As the Kosovo Media Institute pointed out in 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> local radios have a significantly larger share of the audience in comparison with national radios – 60.76% for local radios in comparison to 33.54% for national radio emitters (5.68% are for foreign and/or other radio stations). Likewise, there are around 30 radio stations in Kosovo that have the highest obedience in the regions where they operate<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television_broadcasting">Television broadcasting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Television broadcasting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Television_in_Kosovo" title="Television in Kosovo">Television in Kosovo</a></div> <p>Television in Kosovo was first introduced in 1975. 92% of households in Kosovo have a television nowadays.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TV remains the main source of information for most Kosovo residents.<sup id="cite_ref-FH_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The nationwide TV broadcasters in Kosovo are <a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Kosovo" title="Radio Television of Kosovo">Radio Television of Kosovo</a> (RTK), with four channels; Radio Television 21 (<a href="/wiki/RTV21" title="RTV21">RTV21</a>), <a href="/wiki/Kohavision" title="Kohavision">Kohavision</a> (KTV) and <a href="/wiki/Klan_Kosova" title="Klan Kosova">Klan Kosova</a>. The public service broadcaster in Kosovo is RTK, which is subsidized by the government and also receives money from advertisement.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The law obliges RTK to broadcast programs in Albanian and in Serbian language too.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to IREX, a nonprofit organization, insufficient market research and data on broadcasting ratings which are considered unreliable contribute to an overall unfavorable business environment for media organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinema">Cinema</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Cinema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b>. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2015</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Telecommunications">Telecommunications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Telecommunications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Kosovo">Telecommunications in Kosovo</a></div> <p>The fixed telephony penetration rate in Kosovo is among the lowest in Europe, with 4.48 lines per 100 inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-art-ks.org_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-art-ks.org-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, mobile telephony has boomed. In 2007, PTK reported growth of subscribers from 300,000 to 800,000 in less than a year.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, 74 percent of the population was subscribed to mobile phone services, or a total number of 1,537,164<sup id="cite_ref-art-ks.org_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-art-ks.org-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GSM-services in Kosovo are provided currently by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vala_Mobile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vala Mobile (page does not exist)">Vala Mobile</a>, a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Post_and_Telecom_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Post and Telecom of Kosovo">PTK</a> (initially using the +377 Monaco prefix), and by <a href="/wiki/IPKO" title="IPKO">IPKO</a> (Si Mobitel), a company owned by <a href="/wiki/Telekom_Slovenije" title="Telekom Slovenije">Telekom Slovenije</a>, which has acquired the second mobile operator license in Kosovo and has started operations in late 2007 (initially using the +386 Slovenia prefix). A Kosovo-specific <a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Kosovo" title="Telephone numbers in Kosovo">+383</a> country calling code is in the process of being established. Three virtual operators existed during the years between 2000 and 2020: <a href="/w/index.php?title=D3_Mobile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="D3 Mobile (page does not exist)">D3 Mobile</a> (owned by Dukagjini Group),<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Z_Mobile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Z Mobile (page does not exist)">Z Mobile</a> (defunct, numbers transferred to Kosovo Telecom),<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zog_Mobile&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zog Mobile (page does not exist)">Zog Mobile</a> (defunct, owned by IPKO).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet">Internet</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Internet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Around 84% of Kosovo residents have access to internet, which is not restricted by the authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-FH_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the last years web portals have become very important source of information. According to Kosovo Association of Information and Communication Technology 72.1% of households in Kosovo have access on the internet and the number of internet users is constantly growing.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As IREX<sup id="cite_ref-IREX_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IREX-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> points out, web news portals are constantly becoming more useful and attractive, in proportion with the growing of the internet usage. <a href="/wiki/Telegrafi.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegrafi.com">Telegrafi.com</a> is an online news portal which is visited by more than 60.000 people each day. There are also other web news portals such as <a href="/wiki/Koha.net" class="mw-redirect" title="Koha.net">Koha.net</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gazeta_Express" title="Gazeta Express">Gazeta Express</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosova_Press" title="Kosova Press">Kosova Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosova24" title="Kosova24">Kosova24</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Teleshkronja_Post" title="Teleshkronja Post">Teleshkronja Post</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and so on.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Internet coverage is widespread but it experiences frequent outages. As of September 2010, the number of internet subscribers was 105,061 or 35.02% household penetration rate.<sup id="cite_ref-art-ks.org_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-art-ks.org-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_organisations">Media organisations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Media organisations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Independent Media Commission regulates the range of broadcasting frequencies in the Republic of Kosovo and other related issues.<sup id="cite_ref-Constitution_of_Kosovo_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Constitution_of_Kosovo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In order for the media to start broadcasting they should have the license issued by Independent Media Commission. The license is renewed every seven years for radio broadcasts and every ten years for audiovisual media services.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Association of Independent Broadcast Media of Kosovo <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ampek.org/?page_id=4">(AMPEK)</a> represents the interests of leading commercial broadcasters in Kosovo. Their role is to protect and to promote the interests of the Kosovo's private broadcasters.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presscouncil-ks.org/about-us/?lang=en">Press Council of Kosovo</a> is a self-regulatory body founded for and by the print media sector in Kosovo. Its mission is based on the convictions of the Press Code of Kosovo. PCK is established in September, 2005 with the help of OSCE Mission in Kosovo, however, the office of PCK has started its activity in December, 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regulatory_authorities">Regulatory authorities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Regulatory authorities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Electronic media are regulated by the Independent Media Commission (IMC), established by law as an "independent body for regulation, management, and oversight of the broadcasting frequency spectrum". Yet, its composition and functioning remain under political influence. The IMC members are elected by the Kosovo Parliament, and are thus affiliated to the ruling political parties. The IMC board thus risks blocking civil servants' agenda for political reasons. The new IMC Board Chairman failed to disclose its previous activities in local government, which would have disqualified him from eligibility.<sup id="cite_ref-EP_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EP-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 32">: 32 </span></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Censorship_and_media_freedom">Censorship and media freedom</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Censorship and media freedom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a> scored Kosovo as "partly free", with an overall score of 49 (where 0 is the best and 100 the worst). The organisation recorded the persistence of political interference, financial pressures, and high media ownership concentration.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Minority issues are often neglected in the media, and at most limited to <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Serbs" title="Kosovo Serbs">Kosovo Serbs</a>. RTK started a Serbian-language cable channel <a href="/wiki/RTK2" class="mw-redirect" title="RTK2">RTK2</a> in June 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-FH_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attacks_and_threats_against_journalists">Attacks and threats against journalists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Attacks and threats against journalists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Journalists in Kosovo face recurrent threats and attacks. The backlogs of judicial courts and the flaws in the judiciary (with inefficient prosecutions) lead to delayed investigations.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 18–19">: 18–19 </span></sup> </p><p>The Association of Professional Journalists records around 20 cases annually of intimidation or threats against journalists, although physical threats violent attacks have not been recorded. The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Professional_Journalists_of_Kosovo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Professional Journalists of Kosovo (page does not exist)">Association of Professional Journalists of Kosovo</a> (APIK) recorded 22 cases of threats and physical assaults against journalists in 2014, on the rise from the previous years;<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 19">: 19 </span></sup> AGK documented 25 cases in the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-FH_1-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although perpetrators are known, investigations tend to lag behind. Only one case was solved in 2012-14, resulting in a low fine. <sup id="cite_ref-HRW_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 19">: 19 </span></sup> HRW checked 63 claims of threats, of which only one (<i>Life in Kosovo</i>) had led to prosecution and finally acquittal.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_43-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 21">: 21 </span></sup> The Kosovo interior minister <a href="/wiki/Bajram_Rexhepi" title="Bajram Rexhepi">Bajram Rexhepi</a> told HRW in 2014 that they take crimes against journalists seriously and that the police is doing a good job, shifting the blame towards prosecutors and the judiciary. He also suggested that journalists share a part of the blame, as "not all journalists respect the ethical code".<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_43-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 23">: 23 </span></sup> The police told HRW that they do not differentiate among victims, but that cases involving vulnerable groups (journalists, children, women, minorities) are treated as priority.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_43-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 24">: 24 </span></sup> </p><p>In 2015 AGK in cooperation with OSCE reported 27 death threats against journalists.<sup id="cite_ref-fh2016_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fh2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to data by Kosovo police the same year there were 24 cases of attacks and threats reported by journalists. In recent years several threats were received by journalists covering <a href="/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism" title="Islamic fundamentalism">Islamic fundamentalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-indicators_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indicators-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 40">: 40 </span></sup> Convictions for attacks and threats against journalists are still uncommon.<sup id="cite_ref-fh2016_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fh2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Jeta Xharra, chief editor at <i>Life in Kosovo</i> TV show, complained in 2009 against the major of <a href="/wiki/Skenderaj" title="Skenderaj">Skenderaj</a> for death threats. The EULEX prosecutor acted upon the police complaint only three years after. The courts then dismissed the case based on <a href="/wiki/Statutes_of_limitation" class="mw-redirect" title="Statutes of limitation">statutes of limitation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_43-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 21–22">: 21–22 </span></sup></li> <li>Vehbi Kajtazi, journalist at <a href="/wiki/Koha_Ditore" title="Koha Ditore">Koha Ditore</a>, got a death threat in 2011 from the former dean of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prizren_university&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prizren university (page does not exist)">Prizren university</a> and adviser to the Kosovo government, after he having exposed corruption involving him. The prosecution indicted the perpetrator only in November 2013. Kajtazi reported about 15 threats to the police, finally concluding that it was useless to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_43-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 23">: 23 </span></sup></li> <li>Journalists reporting on religious radicalism often complain of online threats. The Kosovo Police set up a cybercrime unit in late 2012. Artan Haraqija received hundreds of online threats, including death threats; the police arrested one suspect, but released him the day after and told Haraqija he had nothing to worry about.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_43-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 20">: 20 </span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arbana_Xharra" title="Arbana Xharra">Arbana Xharra</a>, chief editor of <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Z%C3%ABri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zëri (page does not exist)">Zëri</a></i>, started receiving death threats after reporting on radical religious groups in 2012 and reported them to the police, but with no consequences.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_43-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 21">: 21 </span></sup></li> <li>Faton Shoshi, owner of news portal <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indeksonline&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indeksonline (page does not exist)">Indeksonline</a></i> accused Valon Salihu, a senior official of the <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Intelligence_Agency" title="Kosovo Intelligence Agency">Kosovo Intelligence Agency</a> (KIA) of threatening him after he published an article about the agency director. The journalist brought the case to court, but a trial scheduled for June 2015 was cancelled because of Salihu's absence.<sup id="cite_ref-indicators_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indicators-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 26">: 26 </span></sup></li> <li>In June 2014 a Serbian public TV reporter, covering a festival at the Gracanica monastery, was arrested for minor traffic violations and injured while manhandled in police custody.<sup id="cite_ref-FH_1-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On 22 June 2014 three journalists were attacked, and one was slightly injured, by protestors against a barricade dividing <a href="/wiki/Mitrovica,_Kosovo" title="Mitrovica, Kosovo">Kosovska Mitrovica</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Mitrovica" title="North Mitrovica">North Mitrovica</a> (inhabited mainly by <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Serbs" title="Kosovo Serbs">Kosovo Serbs</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-indicators_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indicators-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 40">: 40 </span></sup></li> <li>On 2 July 2014 Mefail Bajqinovci, a journalist running a TV show about crime on <a href="/wiki/Kohavision" title="Kohavision">Kohavision</a> (KTV), received a telephone threat from an unknown person at <a href="/wiki/Dubrava_Prison" title="Dubrava Prison">Dubrava Prison</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-indicators_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indicators-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 40">: 40 </span></sup></li> <li>The satirical TV journalist Milot Hasimja from <a href="/wiki/Klan_Kosova" title="Klan Kosova">Klan Kosova</a> channel was stabbed several times on its workplace in November 2014. The attacker was charged with attempted murder<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_43-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 19–20">: 19–20 </span></sup> and condemned to four years in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-fh2016_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fh2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Zekirja Shabani, APIK president and journalist for <i>Tribuna</i>, was attacked by the newspaper owner Sejdi Demiri in December 2014, allegedly for his trade union activities.<sup id="cite_ref-FH_1-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HRW_43-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 20">: 20 </span></sup></li> <li>In June 2015 several bullets were shot against the office of <i>KoSSev</i> news portal.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In January 2016 Gazmend Morina, a journalist of the news portal <i>Veriu.info</i>, was physically attacked by a member of the municipal assembly and by another person after he criticized the management of the <a href="/wiki/Trep%C4%8Da_Mines" title="Trepča Mines">Trepča Mines</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mitrovica,_Kosovo" title="Mitrovica, Kosovo">Mitrovica South</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Astrit Gashi, journalist of <i>Blic</i> news portal, accused Dardan Nuhiu, the director of the Financial Investigation Unit (FIU) of threatening him, after he published a leaked confidential document.<sup id="cite_ref-indicators_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-indicators-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 26">: 26 </span></sup></li> <li>In August 2016 grenades were thrown in the courtyard of <a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Kosovo" title="Radio Television of Kosovo">Radio Television of Kosovo</a> (RTK) headquarters. There were damages but no injury.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 28 August 2016 a bomb was set off outside the home of Mentor Shala, the head of RTK. Both the attacks were probably done by a group opposing the cession of 80 square kilometres of territory to <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adem_Grabovci" title="Adem Grabovci">Adem Grabovci</a>, a politician of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Kosovo" title="Democratic Party of Kosovo">Democratic Party of Kosovo</a>, filed a lawsuit against investigative news website <i>Insajderi</i>, accusing it of violation of his privacy and of his constitutional rights, for publishing a story containing proof of his role in cases of alleged corruption. While the lower court dismissed the complaint, in October 2016 the Court of Appeals of Pristina overturned the decision, even giving suggestions to the plaintiff according to <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In October 2016 <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Kerquki" title="Leonard Kerquki">Leonard Kerquki</a>, editor-in-chief of the <i><a href="/wiki/Gazeta_Express" title="Gazeta Express">Gazeta Express</a></i>, received death threats, insults and libel, for having directed a documentary (part of <i>Zona Express</i> weekly show), accusing the <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Liberation_Army" title="Kosovo Liberation Army">Kosovo Liberation Army</a> of having committed <a href="/wiki/War_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="War crimes">war crimes</a> against civilians in the name of patriotism.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Prosecutions and convictions for crimes against journalists are rare. In March 2014 three men were convicted to two-years suspended sentences in a high-profile case related to a 30-people storming of the launch of a <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosovo_2.0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosovo 2.0 (page does not exist)">Kosovo 2.0</a></i> issue on LGBT rights and gender issues.<sup id="cite_ref-FH_1-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_interferences">Political interferences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Political interferences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Political intimidation can thrive" in Kosovo, the OSCE concluded in June 2014, due to the small size of the country and the dependency of media professionals on public employment. Advertising and fundings are seen as the primary avenues for direct or indirect pressures on media outlets.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The public service broadcaster RTK is particularly vulnerable to direct and indirect political interference, often seen as "a mouthpiece of the government".<sup id="cite_ref-FH_1-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Journalists that are critical of public officials are at risk of being denounced as traitors or "Serbian spies". Stories critical of government have been obstructed by editors, and some journalists have been threatened with dismissal. Non-aligned media outlets have been intimidated with tax inspections or have had their access to public information obstructed.<sup id="cite_ref-FH_1-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>The Association of Journalists of Kosovo (AGK) complained about verbal threats and obstruction against journalists by government officials, business interests and media owners.<sup id="cite_ref-FH_1-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In May 2014 the AGK chairwoman resigned due to allegations of improper connections with the ruling PDK party.<sup id="cite_ref-FH_1-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In October 2014 a <a href="/wiki/Koha_Ditore" title="Koha Ditore">Koha Ditore</a> reporter complained of threats of prosecution from <a href="/wiki/EULEX" class="mw-redirect" title="EULEX">EULEX</a> officials if he had refused to hand over documents allegedly implicating EULEX in corruption activities.<sup id="cite_ref-FH_1-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FH-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Jeta Xharra complained that her TV show <i>Life in Kosovo</i> on the public channel <a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Kosovo" title="Radio Television of Kosovo">RTK</a>, airing since 2005, had its airtime cut for political reasons and was replaced by lower-league soccer games. The budget for investigative journalism on RTK had already been proposed for cuts in 2009, but this was later avoided by the Parliament. The show has not received due payments from RTK from late 2013 to November 2014 (and possibly further), endangering its financial security. "Public TV is exercising pressure by not paying for the programs containing our production", Xharra told HRW.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_43-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 39">: 39 </span></sup></li></ul> <p>On 26 March 2015 journalists and trade union's members Arsim Halili and Fadil Hoxha were fired from the Radio Television of Kosovo (RTK) by the general director Mentor Shala after they had publicly asked to the television to stop following a "political agenda". 60 of the broadcaster top editors and journalists confirmed the accusation of their colleagues. <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> expressed concern.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later 80 journalists (10% of the staff) protested in front of the television's offices.<sup id="cite_ref-fh2016_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fh2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Smear_campaigns">Smear campaigns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Smear campaigns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A reporter at <i>Life in Kosovo</i> was subject to a 12-days smear campaign by the daily <i>Infopress</i>, calling her a Serbian spy and asking for her to be punished, after she reported on local politics in <a href="/wiki/Skenderaj" title="Skenderaj">Skenderaj</a> in 2009–2010. She later left journalism due to pressures. The five <i>Infopress</i> columnists who had threatened her were acquitted in 2013, with the court establishing that the op-eds did not constitute a threat.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_43-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 22">: 22 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_ownership">Media ownership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Media ownership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transparency">Transparency<span class="anchor" id="Transparency_of_media_ownership"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Transparency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Europe" title="Transparency of media ownership in Europe">Transparency of media ownership in Europe</a></div> <p><b>Transparency of media ownership</b> refers to the public availability of accurate, comprehensive and up-to-date information about media ownership structures. A legal regime guaranteeing transparency of media ownership makes possible for the public as well as for media authorities to find out who effectively owns, controls and influences the media as well as media influence on political parties or state bodies. </p><p>According to a study carried out within the <a href="/wiki/South_East_European_Media_Observatory" title="South East European Media Observatory">South East European Media Observatory</a>, the lack of transparency in media ownership and in the financial flows for the media is one of the major problem affecting the media system in <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SeeMO_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SeeMO-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2016 progress report, the <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission (EC)</a> expressed worries about the lack of transparency regarding media ownership in Kosovo.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The implementation of measures to provide for transparent information on media ownership is among the recommendations made by the EC for the years to come.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This situation is a consequence of the existing legal vacuum in the field. The scarce available data on media ownership and finances are badly reliable.<sup id="cite_ref-SeeMO_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SeeMO-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Current legislation does not address the issue of media ownership transparency and concentration. These issues were not dealt with by the first provisional media regulations adopted by <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interim_Administration_Mission_in_Kosovo" title="United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo">UNMIK</a> in 2000, so that <i>de facto</i> the issue was left to the authority of the Temporary Media Commissioner.<sup id="cite_ref-SeeMO_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SeeMO-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Independent_Media_Commission&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Independent Media Commission (page does not exist)">Independent Media Commission</a> database usually contains the names of media owners. In some cases, only the names of contact persons are disclosed.<sup id="cite_ref-SeeMO_55-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SeeMO-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Private media are registered to the Kosovo Business Registration Agency according to the law regulating businesses transparency.<sup id="cite_ref-OSCE_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OSCE-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If in the case of print media, the owners are <i>de facto</i> largely known due to the fact that they publish information about ownership and editorial staff, and to the small size of the market and social interaction, this does not apply to electronic media which sector lacks proper regulation resulting in the complete lack of registration and of information on ownership, finances and human resources.<sup id="cite_ref-OSCE_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OSCE-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The problem of lack of transparency of online media has further augmented with the explosion of digital media market. A 2014 study that examined ownership transparency of eight news portals found out that none of them made publicly available information on ownership, only two published the names of the editors-in-chief, two provided information on the staff working in the media, and six offered information on the address of the outlet.<sup id="cite_ref-CRD_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRD-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to some experts, this has contributed to an environment enabling fictive online portals to be established as political propaganda tools and to exert pressure on professional media outlets.<sup id="cite_ref-IREX2016_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IREX2016-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The television and broadcast sector also remains heavily problematic in terms of media ownership transparency.<sup id="cite_ref-CRD_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRD-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Media analysts have thus raised concern on who exactly owns and controls the media in Kosovo, behind the nominal owners.<sup id="cite_ref-SeeMO_55-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SeeMO-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This situation makes possible to identify a specific ownership pattern in Kosovo media system, which takes the shape of hidden ownership and nominal owners as a cover for actual owners. Experts find this fact suspicious and alarming.<sup id="cite_ref-SeeMO_55-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SeeMO-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Concentration_and_pluralism">Concentration and pluralism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Concentration and pluralism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are many media outlets in Kosovo<sup id="cite_ref-msi2017_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msi2017-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the concentration of ownership is increasing, often in a non-transparent way. This, together with direct and indirect political and financial pressures and interference,<sup id="cite_ref-rsf_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rsf-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> creates repercussions on journalist and editors, with overall issues for the independence of the media sector.<sup id="cite_ref-INDEP_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INDEP-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Regulations and data</dt></dl> <p>Since current media legislation does not cover media ownership transparency and concentration limited data are available and they are mostly unreliable. There also no reliable data on <a href="/wiki/Audience_share" class="mw-redirect" title="Audience share">audience share</a> of radio, television and newspapers. The advertising market is also not regulated and not transparent.<sup id="cite_ref-Berisha_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berisha-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Market research is also underdeveloped.<sup id="cite_ref-msi2017_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msi2017-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Development after 1999</dt></dl> <p>Pluralistic media developed in Kosovo only after 1999. Ownership still changes often, and so does the way in which ownership influences journalism.<sup id="cite_ref-k2_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k2-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the existing media were launched or supported by international donors. E.g. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Agency_for_International_Development" title="United States Agency for International Development">USAID</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Open_Society_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Society Institute">Open Society Institute</a> (OSI) -now Open Society Foundations (OSF)- Media Program provided funding for televisions <a href="/wiki/RTV21" title="RTV21">RTV21</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kohavision" title="Kohavision">Kohavision</a>, newspaper <a href="/wiki/Kosova_Sot" title="Kosova Sot">Kosova Sot</a>. OSI also supported <i><a href="/wiki/Koha_Ditore" title="Koha Ditore">Koha Ditore</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Berisha_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berisha-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since they were dependent on donors' money,<sup id="cite_ref-fh2016_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fh2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> when the flow was reduced many media found themselves in a difficult situation.<sup id="cite_ref-Berisha_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berisha-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Models and patterns of ownership</dt></dl> <p>Different models of ownership emerged. </p><p>One is economic ownership. Some big companies own media and use them not as business by themselves, but for the interests of pre-existing business,<sup id="cite_ref-Berisha_64-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berisha-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or even to protect them from media.<sup id="cite_ref-k2_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k2-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another one is political ownership. Political parties, members of political parties or individual supporting them have launched or bought media (many newspapers, and recently also television channels), and use them to gain party and political power.<sup id="cite_ref-k2_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k2-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Berisha_64-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berisha-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>State advertising makes for the largest part of advertising revenue, and it has been used to support pro-government newspapers<sup id="cite_ref-Berisha_64-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berisha-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or influence editorial policies.<sup id="cite_ref-fh2016_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fh2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Advocacy media are often registered as <a href="/wiki/Non-governmental_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-governmental organizations">non-governmental organizations</a>. They are most likely to be internationally funded,<sup id="cite_ref-k2_65-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k2-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which allow them to work without market pressure.<sup id="cite_ref-msi2017_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msi2017-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Recently there has been a flourishing of small independent news portals. This is a new model of ownership that adds to the pluralism, but quality is often low,<sup id="cite_ref-k2_65-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-k2-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and some practice <a href="/wiki/Cut,_copy,_and_paste" title="Cut, copy, and paste">copy-pasting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-msi2017_61-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msi2017-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is also a pattern of hidden ownership, both by political and business groups. Some private owners are <a href="/wiki/Family_businesses" class="mw-redirect" title="Family businesses">family businesses</a>. </p> <dl><dt>Advertising market</dt></dl> <p>The fact that the advertising market is not regulated nor transparent is cited as a reason for the lack of interest by foreign media owners<sup id="cite_ref-Berisha_64-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berisha-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Currently advertising industry is considered insufficient to fund all existing media,<sup id="cite_ref-INDEP_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-INDEP-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> let alone supporting their growth.<sup id="cite_ref-fh2016_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fh2016-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Main_media_owners">Main media owners</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Main media owners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Saraçini-Kelmendi family</dt></dl> <p>Afërdita Saraçini-Kelmendi, her husband Florin Kelmendi, and her brother Eugen Saraçini, controls Company 21, owning <i>TV21</i>, <i>Radio 21</i> and other media outlets.<sup id="cite_ref-Berisha_64-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berisha-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Surroi family</dt></dl> <p>Flaka Surroi owns the Koha Group, after her brother Veton Surroi transmitted it to her in 2004. It includes <a href="/wiki/Kohavision" title="Kohavision">Kohavision</a> (KTV), <i>Arta TV</i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Koha_Ditore" title="Koha Ditore">Koha Ditore</a></i>, and other outlets.<sup id="cite_ref-Berisha_64-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berisha-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Devolli Corporation</dt></dl> <p>In 2014 it was claimed that Devolli Corporation became the owner of the 40% of <a href="/wiki/Klan_Kosova" title="Klan Kosova">Klan Kosova</a>, but it was not possible to confirm or refute the news.<sup id="cite_ref-Berisha_64-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berisha-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Lluka family</dt></dl> <p>Ekrem Lluka "is the owner of the Dukagjini Group, which includes TV Dukagjini, Radio Dukagjini, Insurance Company, Slovenian-Kosovo Pension Fund, the mobile telephony business D3 Mobile, two hydro power plants in Albania, hotels, a hospital, a printing plant, a publishing house, the Tobacco import and distribution network, Birra Peja, etc." His son Gent Lluka is the owner of <i>Telegrafi.com</i>, "the second ranking news portal in Kosovo and Albania".<sup id="cite_ref-Berisha_64-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berisha-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Public service broadcaster</dt></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Kosovo" title="Radio Television of Kosovo">Radio Television of Kosovo</a> (RTK) is the public service broadcaster. It offers four television channels, two radio stations and a web portal. It is funded by the state (with additional funds from advertising) and it has been accused of not being balanced.<sup id="cite_ref-msi2017_61-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msi2017-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Access_to_public_information_in_Kosovo" title="Access to public information in Kosovo">Access to public information in Kosovo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FH-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FH_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FH_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FH_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FH_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FH_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FH_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FH_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FH_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FH_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FH_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FH_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FH_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FH_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FH_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FH_1-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FH_1-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FH_1-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FH_1-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FH_1-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FH_1-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FH_1-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FH_1-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FH_1-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2015/kosovo">Kosovo</a> 2015 Press Freedom report</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151013163532/http://fr.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/classement_2013_gb-bd.pdf">"Reporters Without Borders"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fr.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/classement_2013_gb-bd.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 October 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reporters+Without+Borders&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffr.rsf.org%2FIMG%2Fpdf%2Fclassement_2013_gb-bd.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120507085043/http://en.rsf.org/IMG/CLASSEMENT_2012/CLASSEMENT_ANG.pdf">"Reporters Without Borders"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.rsf.org/IMG/CLASSEMENT_2012/CLASSEMENT_ANG.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 7 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reporters+Without+Borders&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.rsf.org%2FIMG%2FCLASSEMENT_2012%2FCLASSEMENT_ANG.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EP-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EP_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EP_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EP_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EP_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EP_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EP_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EP_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EP_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EP_4-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EP_4-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EP_4-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EP_4-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EP_4-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EP_4-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Elda Brogi, Alina Dobreva, and Pier Luigi Parcu, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2014/534982/EXPO_STU(2014)534982_EN.pdf">Freedom of Media in the Western Balkans</a>", study for the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>'s Subcommittee on Human Rights, October 2014, EXPO/B/DROI/2013/16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-indicators-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-indicators_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-indicators_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-indicators_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-indicators_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-indicators_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-indicators_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-indicators_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrit_Collaku2016" class="citation report cs1">Petrit Collaku (December 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://safejournalists.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Indicators-for-the-media-freedom-and-journalists-safety-Kosovo.pdf">Indicators on the level of media freedom and journalists' safety (Kosovo)</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). Association of Journalists of Kosovo<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Indicators+on+the+level+of+media+freedom+and+journalists%27+safety+%28Kosovo%29&rft.pub=Association+of+Journalists+of+Kosovo&rft.date=2016-12&rft.au=Petrit+Collaku&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsafejournalists.net%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F02%2FIndicators-for-the-media-freedom-and-journalists-safety-Kosovo.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fh2016-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fh2016_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fh2016_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fh2016_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fh2016_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fh2016_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fh2016_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fh2016_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fh2016_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2016/kosovo">"Kosovo - Country report - Freedom of the Press - 2016"</a>. Freedom House. 2016-03-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kosovo+-+Country+report+-+Freedom+of+the+Press+-+2016&rft.pub=Freedom+House&rft.date=2016-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreedomhouse.org%2Freport%2Ffreedom-press%2F2016%2Fkosovo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Constitution_of_Kosovo-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Constitution_of_Kosovo_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Constitution_of_Kosovo_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.confcoconsteu.org/en/congress/congress-XVI/Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_Kosovo_-_E.pdf">"Constitution of Kosovo"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constitution+of+Kosovo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.confcoconsteu.org%2Fen%2Fcongress%2Fcongress-XVI%2FConstitution_of_the_Republic_of_Kosovo_-_E.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.kuvendikosoves.org/common/docs/ligjet/2010-215-eng.pdf">[1]</a> Law on Access to Public Documents, Republic of Kosovo</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kosovo Press Council (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://presscouncil-ks.org/?cid=2,17">Guidelines of Code of Conduct</a>. Pristina: Kosovo Press Council</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-INDEP_2013-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-INDEP_2013_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-INDEP_2013_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-INDEP_2013_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">INDEP Institute for Development Policy (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indep.info/documents/88076_INDEP%20-%20The%20State%20of%20Media%20in%20Kosovo.pdf">The State of Media in Kosovo, 2012. Analysis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304091854/http://www.indep.info/documents/88076_INDEP%20-%20The%20State%20of%20Media%20in%20Kosovo.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cohu.org/repository/docs/Freedom_of_Expression,_Media_and_Information_in_Kosovo_529396.pdf">Freedom of Expression, Media and Information in Kosovo</a>, Çohu!, Kosovo 2.0 and KPC</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IREX-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IREX_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IREX_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160517153902/http://www.irex.org/system/files/u105/EE_MSI_2012_Kosovo.pdf">"IREX"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irex.org/system/files/u105/EE_MSI_2012_Kosovo.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 17 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IREX&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irex.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fu105%2FEE_MSI_2012_Kosovo.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121107150940/http://www.kpm-ks.org/materiale/dokument/1337178172.1865.pdf">"Independent Media Commission"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kpm-ks.org/materiale/dokument/1337178172.1865.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 7 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Independent+Media+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kpm-ks.org%2Fmateriale%2Fdokument%2F1337178172.1865.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IREX (2013b), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irex.org/resource/kosovo-media-sustainability-index-msi">Europe & Eurasia. Media Sustainability Index 2013: Kosovo</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151223074409/https://www.irex.org/resource/kosovo-media-sustainability-index-msi">Archived</a> 2015-12-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Pristina.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Independent Media Commission of Kosovo (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kpm-ks.org/materiale/dokument/1369054659.2327.pdf">Annual Report for 2012</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304185432/http://kpm-ks.org/materiale/dokument/1369054659.2327.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-03-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teleshkronjapost.info">"Teleshkronja Post"</a>. Teleshkronja Post.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Teleshkronja+Post&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteleshkronjapost.info&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kosova-24.net/">"Kosova24"</a>. Kosova 24 SH.P.K.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kosova24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkosova-24.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/sq/kosovo/67791">"Tirazhi dhe politizimi i mediave të shkruara në Kosovë - OSCE"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Osce.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Osce.org">osce.org</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=osce.org&rft.atitle=Tirazhi+dhe+politizimi+i+mediave+t%C3%AB+shkruara+n%C3%AB+Kosov%C3%AB+-+OSCE&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fsq%2Fkosovo%2F67791&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151222100310/http://m-magazine.org/en/Kosovo/Not-counting-north-Kosovo-with-over-17-million-inhabitants-3204">"Venus Factor System 70% OFF - By John Barban"</a>. <i>m-magazine.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://m-magazine.org/en/Kosovo/Not-counting-north-Kosovo-with-over-17-million-inhabitants-3204">the original</a> on 22 December 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=m-magazine.org&rft.atitle=Venus+Factor+System+70%25+OFF+-+By+John+Barban&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm-magazine.org%2Fen%2FKosovo%2FNot-counting-north-Kosovo-with-over-17-million-inhabitants-3204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://imk-ks.org/sq/2010/06/local-radio-network/">"Kosovo Media Institute"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kosovo+Media+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimk-ks.org%2Fsq%2F2010%2F06%2Flocal-radio-network%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://imk-ks.org/2010/04/members-of-local-radio-network/">"List of the local radios"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=List+of+the+local+radios&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimk-ks.org%2F2010%2F04%2Fmembers-of-local-radio-network%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esk.rks-gov.net/ENG/publikimet/doc.../681-housing-in-kosovo">"Agjencia e Statistikave të Kosovës -"</a>. <i>esk.rks-gov.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=esk.rks-gov.net&rft.atitle=Agjencia+e+Statistikave+t%C3%AB+Kosov%C3%ABs+-&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fesk.rks-gov.net%2FENG%2Fpublikimet%2Fdoc...%2F681-housing-in-kosovo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freedomhouse.org/report/nations-transit/2012/kosovo">"Kosovo - Country report - Nations in Transit - 2012"</a>. <i>freedomhouse.org</i>. 2012-06-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=freedomhouse.org&rft.atitle=Kosovo+-+Country+report+-+Nations+in+Transit+-+2012&rft.date=2012-06-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freedomhouse.org%2Freport%2Fnations-transit%2F2012%2Fkosovo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303215027/http://legalpoliticalstudies.org/download/Policy%20Analysis%2005%202012%20eng.pdf">"Legal Political Studies"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legalpoliticalstudies.org/download/Policy%20Analysis%2005%202012%20eng.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Legal+Political+Studies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flegalpoliticalstudies.org%2Fdownload%2FPolicy%2520Analysis%252005%25202012%2520eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irex.org/sites/default/files/pdf/media-sustainability-index-europe-eurasia-2016-kosovo.pdf.pdf">"Kosovo media Sustainability Index 2016"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>IREX</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IREX&rft.atitle=Kosovo+media+Sustainability+Index+2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irex.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpdf%2Fmedia-sustainability-index-europe-eurasia-2016-kosovo.pdf.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-art-ks.org-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-art-ks.org_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-art-ks.org_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-art-ks.org_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725014334/http://www.art-ks.org/repository/docs/Pasqyre%20e%20tregut%20te%20telekomunikacionit%20%20K3%20-2010.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.art-ks.org/repository/docs/Pasqyre%20e%20tregut%20te%20telekomunikacionit%20%20K3%20-2010.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-07-25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-01-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.art-ks.org%2Frepository%2Fdocs%2FPasqyre%2520e%2520tregut%2520te%2520telekomunikacionit%2520%2520K3%2520-2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADK675.pdf">http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PNADK675.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dukagjinigroup.com/project/d3-mobile/?lang=en">"D3 Moblie | Dukagjini Group"</a>. <i>Dukagjiini Group</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200228100342/http://dukagjinigroup.com/project/d3-mobile/?lang=en">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dukagjiini+Group&rft.atitle=D3+Moblie+%7C+Dukagjini+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdukagjinigroup.com%2Fproject%2Fd3-mobile%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://balkaninsight.com/2008/12/16/kosovo-gets-new-mobile-phone-operator/">"Kosovo Gets New Mobile Phone Operator"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Balkan_Insight" title="Balkan Insight">Balkan Insight</a></i>. 16 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Balkan+Insight&rft.atitle=Kosovo+Gets+New+Mobile+Phone+Operator&rft.date=2008-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbalkaninsight.com%2F2008%2F12%2F16%2Fkosovo-gets-new-mobile-phone-operator%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://telegrafi.com/z-mobile-jep-njoftimin-per-kalimin-e-numrave-ne-vala/">"Z Mobile jep njoftimin për kalimin e numrave në Vala"</a>. <i>Telegrafi</i>. 28 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Telegrafi&rft.atitle=Z+Mobile+jep+njoftimin+p%C3%ABr+kalimin+e+numrave+n%C3%AB+Vala&rft.date=2019-11-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftelegrafi.com%2Fz-mobile-jep-njoftimin-per-kalimin-e-numrave-ne-vala%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.commsupdate.com/articles/2019/12/02/mvnomonday-a-guide-to-the-weeks-virtual-operator-developments/">"MVNO Monday: A Guide to the Week's Virtual Operator Developments"</a>. <i>Comms Update</i>. 2 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comms+Update&rft.atitle=MVNO+Monday%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Week%27s+Virtual+Operator+Developments&rft.date=2019-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.commsupdate.com%2Farticles%2F2019%2F12%2F02%2Fmvnomonday-a-guide-to-the-weeks-virtual-operator-developments%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prepaidgsm.net/en/kosovo.html">"PrePaidGSM: Kosovo"</a>. <i>prepaidgsm.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=prepaidgsm.net&rft.atitle=PrePaidGSM%3A+Kosovo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.prepaidgsm.net%2Fen%2Fkosovo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160318203518/http://zogmobile.com/index.html">"Zog Moble"</a>. <i>zogmobile.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zogmobile.com/index.html">the original</a> on 18 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zogmobile.com&rft.atitle=Zog+Moble&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zogmobile.com%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stikk-ks.org/images/stories/publikime/STIKK-raport_eng_email.pdf">"Kosovo Association of Information and Communication Technology"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kosovo+Association+of+Information+and+Communication+Technology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstikk-ks.org%2Fimages%2Fstories%2Fpublikime%2FSTIKK-raport_eng_email.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2020">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210727214749/https://kosova-24.net/diplomati-amerikan-thaci-me-tha-kush-te-ka-paguar-qe-te-kundershtosh-propozimin-tim-rreth-shkembimit-te-territoreve/">"Kosova24"</a>. <i>kosova-24.net/</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kosova-24.net/">the original</a> on 2021-07-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kosova-24.net%2F&rft.atitle=Kosova24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkosova-24.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190119174811/https://www.teleshkronjapost.info/">"Teleshkronja Post"</a>. <i>teleshkronjapost.info/</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://teleshkronjapost.info/">the original</a> on 2019-01-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=teleshkronjapost.info%2F&rft.atitle=Teleshkronja+Post&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fteleshkronjapost.info%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.similarsites.com/site/koha.net">"Koha.net - Find More Sites"</a>. <i>similarsites.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=similarsites.com&rft.atitle=Koha.net+-+Find+More+Sites&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.similarsites.com%2Fsite%2Fkoha.net&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kpm-ks.org/?faqe=143&gjuha=3">"Independent Media Commission"</a>. <i>kpm-ks.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kpm-ks.org&rft.atitle=Independent+Media+Commission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkpm-ks.org%2F%3Ffaqe%3D143%26gjuha%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ampek.org/?page_id=4">"About Us | AMPEK"</a>. <i>ampek.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ampek.org&rft.atitle=About+Us+%7C+AMPEK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fampek.org%2F%3Fpage_id%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.presscouncil-ks.org/about-us/?lang=en">"About us"</a>. <i>Press Council</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Press+Council&rft.atitle=About+us&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.presscouncil-ks.org%2Fabout-us%2F%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kusari, Flutura (2013), Media Freedom in Kosovo. Report Presented to the CMPF, EUI, Fiesole (Florence).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-press/2016/kosovo">[2]</a> Freedom of the Press Report - Kosovo, Freedom House 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRW-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HRW_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW_43-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW_43-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW_43-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW_43-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW_43-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW_43-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW_43-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW_43-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW_43-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW_43-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW_43-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.refworld.org/docid/55adf7fa4.html">A Difficult Profession. Media Freedom Under Attack in the Western Balkans</a>". July 2015, 978-1-6231-32576</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/kosovo/163726">"OSCE condemns attack on news portal in northern Kosovo"</a>. Pristina/Vienna: OSCE. 11 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=OSCE+condemns+attack+on+news+portal+in+northern+Kosovo&rft.date=2015-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fkosovo%2F163726&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/kosovo/218916">"OSCE condemns attack on journalist in Kosovo"</a>. Pristina/Vienna: OSCE. 27 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=OSCE+condemns+attack+on+journalist+in+Kosovo&rft.date=2016-01-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fkosovo%2F218916&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsf.org/en/news/rsf-condemns-grenade-attack-kosovo-public-broadcaster">"RSF condemns grenade attack on Kosovo public broadcaster"</a>. RSF. August 23, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=RSF+condemns+grenade+attack+on+Kosovo+public+broadcaster&rft.date=2016-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frsf.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2Frsf-condemns-grenade-attack-kosovo-public-broadcaster&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/kosovo/260726">"OSCE strongly condemns attack on public broadcaster in Kosovo"</a>. Pristina/Vienna: OSCE. 23 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=OSCE+strongly+condemns+attack+on+public+broadcaster+in+Kosovo&rft.date=2016-08-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fkosovo%2F260726&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsf.org/en/news/kosovo-rsf-seeks-protection-broadcasting-chief-after-attack-threat">"Kosovo: RSF seeks protection for broadcasting chief after attack, threat"</a>. RSF. August 30, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Kosovo%3A+RSF+seeks+protection+for+broadcasting+chief+after+attack%2C+threat&rft.date=2016-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frsf.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fkosovo-rsf-seeks-protection-broadcasting-chief-after-attack-threat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsf.org/en/news/kosovo-pristina-appeal-court-takes-sides-against-investigative-website">"KOSOVO Priština appeal court takes sides against investigative website"</a>. RSF. October 8, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=KOSOVO+Pri%C5%A1tina+appeal+court+takes+sides+against+investigative+website&rft.date=2016-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frsf.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fkosovo-pristina-appeal-court-takes-sides-against-investigative-website&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsf.org/en/news/rsf-urges-kosovar-authorities-protect-journalist-after-death-threats">"RSF urges Kosovar authorities to protect journalist after death threats"</a>. RSF. October 26, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=RSF+urges+Kosovar+authorities+to+protect+journalist+after+death+threats&rft.date=2016-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frsf.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2Frsf-urges-kosovar-authorities-protect-journalist-after-death-threats&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/kosovo/276926">"OSCE condemns threats against journalist in Kosovo"</a>. Pristina/Vienna: OSCE. 25 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=OSCE+condemns+threats+against+journalist+in+Kosovo&rft.date=2016-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fkosovo%2F276926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">OSCE Mission in Kosovo, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osce.org/kosovo/122390?download=true">Freedom of Media and Safety of Journalists in Kosovo</a>, June 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsf.org/en/news/concern-about-state-broadcasters-decision-fire-two-employees">"Concern about state broadcaster's decision to fire two employees"</a>. RSF. April 4, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Concern+about+state+broadcaster%27s+decision+to+fire+two+employees&rft.date=2015-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frsf.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fconcern-about-state-broadcasters-decision-fire-two-employees&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHajdari2015" class="citation news cs1">Hajdari, Una (13 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.balkaninsight.com/en/article/kosovo-public-tv-caught-in-censorship-scandal">"Kosovo Public TV Accused of Censorship"</a>. <i>Balkan Insight</i>. Pristina: BIRN<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Balkan+Insight&rft.atitle=Kosovo+Public+TV+Accused+of+Censorship&rft.date=2015-04-13&rft.aulast=Hajdari&rft.aufirst=Una&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.balkaninsight.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fkosovo-public-tv-caught-in-censorship-scandal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SeeMO-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SeeMO_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SeeMO_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SeeMO_55-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SeeMO_55-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SeeMO_55-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SeeMO_55-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIsuf_Berisha2015" class="citation journal cs1">Isuf Berisha (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mediaobservatory.net/sites/default/files/Media%20Ownership%20and%20Finances%20in%20Kosovo_0.pdf">"Media ownership and finances in Kosovo. Legal vacuum and lack of finances"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. South East Europe Media Observatory<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Media+ownership+and+finances+in+Kosovo.+Legal+vacuum+and+lack+of+finances&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Isuf+Berisha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmediaobservatory.net%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FMedia%2520Ownership%2520and%2520Finances%2520in%2520Kosovo_0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.euronews.com/2016/11/21/media-conflicts-the-challenges-of-kosovo-and-of-the-former-yugoslav-republic-of">"Media & Conflicts: The Challenges of Kosovo and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia"</a>. <i>Euronews.com</i>. 21 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Euronews.com&rft.atitle=Media+%26+Conflicts%3A+The+Challenges+of+Kosovo+and+the+Former+Yugoslav+Republic+of+Macedonia&rft.date=2016-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2016%2F11%2F21%2Fmedia-conflicts-the-challenges-of-kosovo-and-of-the-former-yugoslav-republic-of&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/pdf/key_documents/2016/20161109_report_kosovo.pdf">"Commission staff working document Kosovo* 2016 Report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. European Commission. 9 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Commission+staff+working+document+Kosovo%2A+2016+Report&rft.date=2016-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fneighbourhood-enlargement%2Fsites%2Fnear%2Ffiles%2Fpdf%2Fkey_documents%2F2016%2F20161109_report_kosovo.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OSCE-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OSCE_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OSCE_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osce.org/kosovo/122390?download=true">"Freedom of Media and Safety of Journalists in Kosovo"</a>. Organization for Security and Co-operation in europe. Mission in Kosovo. June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Freedom+of+Media+and+Safety+of+Journalists+in+Kosovo&rft.date=2014-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osce.org%2Fkosovo%2F122390%3Fdownload%3Dtrue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRD-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CRD_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CRD_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170113162417/https://www.civilrightsdefenders.org/files/Freedom_of_Expression_Media_and_Information_in_Kosovo_529396.pdf">"Freedom of Expression, Media and Information in Kosovo: An Assessment Based on Council of Europe indicators for Media in a Democracy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Civilrightsdefenders.org</i>. July 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.civilrightsdefenders.org/files/Freedom_of_Expression_Media_and_Information_in_Kosovo_529396.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 13 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Civilrightsdefenders.org&rft.atitle=Freedom+of+Expression%2C+Media+and+Information+in+Kosovo%3A+An+Assessment+Based+on+Council+of+Europe+indicators+for+Media+in+a+Democracy&rft.date=2016-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.civilrightsdefenders.org%2Ffiles%2FFreedom_of_Expression_Media_and_Information_in_Kosovo_529396.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IREX2016-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IREX2016_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irex.org/sites/default/files/pdf/media-sustainability-index-europe-eurasia-2016-kosovo.pdf.pdf">"Kosovo"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>IREX</i> (Europe & Eurasia Media Sustainability Index 2016). 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IREX&rft.atitle=Kosovo&rft.issue=Europe+%26+Eurasia+Media+Sustainability+Index+2016&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irex.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpdf%2Fmedia-sustainability-index-europe-eurasia-2016-kosovo.pdf.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-msi2017-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-msi2017_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-msi2017_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-msi2017_61-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-msi2017_61-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-msi2017_61-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irex.org/sites/default/files/pdf/media-sustainability-index-europe-eurasia-2017-kosovo.pdf">Media Sustainability Index - Kosovo</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). IREX. 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Media+Sustainability+Index+-+Kosovo&rft.pub=IREX&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irex.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpdf%2Fmedia-sustainability-index-europe-eurasia-2017-kosovo.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rsf-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rsf_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rsf.org/en/kosovo">"Kosovo"</a>. <i>RSF</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RSF&rft.atitle=Kosovo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frsf.org%2Fen%2Fkosovo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-INDEP-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-INDEP_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-INDEP_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1">The state of the Media in Kosovo 2015 (Report). Institute for Development Policy (INDEP). 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+state+of+the+Media+in+Kosovo+2015&rft.pub=Institute+for+Development+Policy+%28INDEP%29&rft.date=2015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Berisha-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Berisha_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berisha_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berisha_64-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berisha_64-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berisha_64-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berisha_64-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berisha_64-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berisha_64-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berisha_64-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berisha_64-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Berisha_64-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerisha2015" class="citation news cs1">Berisha, Isuf (2015-11-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190624135227/https://mediaobservatory.net/radar/media-integrity-report-media-ownership-and-financing-kosovo">"Media integrity report: Media ownership and financing in Kosovo"</a>. <i>MediaObservatory</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mediaobservatory.net/radar/media-integrity-report-media-ownership-and-financing-kosovo">the original</a> on 24 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MediaObservatory&rft.atitle=Media+integrity+report%3A+Media+ownership+and+financing+in+Kosovo&rft.date=2015-11-30&rft.aulast=Berisha&rft.aufirst=Isuf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmediaobservatory.net%2Fradar%2Fmedia-integrity-report-media-ownership-and-financing-kosovo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-k2-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-k2_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-k2_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-k2_65-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-k2_65-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-k2_65-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoxha2017" class="citation news cs1">Hoxha, Abit (2017-03-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kosovotwopointzero.com/en/political-economic-interests-media-ownership-squeezing-kosovar-journalism/">"Political and economic interests in media ownership are squeezing Kosovar journalism"</a>. <i>Kosovo 2.0</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-04-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kosovo+2.0&rft.atitle=Political+and+economic+interests+in+media+ownership+are+squeezing+Kosovar+journalism&rft.date=2017-03-27&rft.aulast=Hoxha&rft.aufirst=Abit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkosovotwopointzero.com%2Fen%2Fpolitical-economic-interests-media-ownership-squeezing-kosovar-journalism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMass+media+in+Kosovo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kosovo_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kosovo_topics" title="Template:Kosovo topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Kosovo_topics" title="Template talk:Kosovo topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kosovo_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kosovo topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kosovo_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kosovo" title="History of Kosovo">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Early history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_of_Kosovo" title="Archaeology of Kosovo">Archaeology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_sites_in_Kosovo" title="Neolithic sites in Kosovo">Neolithic sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper,_Bronze_and_Iron_Age_sites_in_Kosovo" title="Copper, Bronze and Iron Age sites in Kosovo">Copper, Bronze and Iron Age sites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardani" title="Dardani">Dardani</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dardania" title="Kingdom of Dardania">Kingdom of Dardania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_heritage_in_Kosovo" title="Roman heritage in Kosovo">Roman period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dardania_(Roman_province)" title="Dardania (Roman province)">Dardania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praevalitana" title="Praevalitana">Praevalitana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Late_Antiquity_and_Medieval_sites_in_Kosovo" title="Late Antiquity and Medieval sites in Kosovo">Late Antiquity and Medieval sites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Medieval_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Medieval Kosovo">Medieval period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia_(medieval)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Serbia (medieval)">Kingdom of Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Empire" title="Serbian Empire">Serbian Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Despotate" title="Serbian Despotate">Serbian Despotate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo" title="Battle of Kosovo">Battle of Kosovo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bal%C5%A1i%C4%87_noble_family" title="Balšić noble family">Balšić noble family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brankovi%C4%87_dynasty" title="Branković dynasty">Branković dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukagjini_family" title="Dukagjini family">Dukagjini family</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Kosovo" title="Ottoman Kosovo">Ottoman period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rumelia_Eyalet" title="Rumelia Eyalet">Rumelia Eyalet</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Prizren" title="Sanjak of Prizren">Sanjak of Prizren</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Dukagjin" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanjak of Dukagjin">Sanjak of Dukagjin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Vi%C3%A7itrina" title="Sanjak of Viçitrina">Sanjak of Viçitrina</a>),</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Vilayet" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo Vilayet">Vilayet of Kosovo</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Modern history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Kingdom of Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Kingdom_(1939%E2%80%931943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian Kingdom (1939–1943)">Albanian Kingdom <span style="font-size:85%;">(1939–1943</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Kingdom_(1943%E2%80%931944)" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian Kingdom (1943–1944)"><span style="font-size:85%;">1943–1944)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Autonomous_Province_of_Kosovo" title="Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo">Socialist Autonomous Province <span style="font-size:85%;">(1946–90)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Province_of_Kosovo_and_Metohija" title="Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija">Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990–present)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Kosova" title="Republic of Kosova">Republic of Kosova <span style="font-size:85%;">(1990–1999)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurgency_in_Kosovo_(1995%E2%80%931998)" title="Insurgency in Kosovo (1995–1998)">Insurgency in Kosovo <span style="font-size:85%;">(1995–98)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_War" title="Kosovo War">Kosovo War <span style="font-size:85%;">(1998–99)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Administered_Kosovo" title="United Nations Administered Kosovo">UN administration</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interim_Administration_Mission_in_Kosovo" title="United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo">UNMIK</a>) <span style="font-size:85%;">(1999–2008)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo <span style="font-size:85%;">(2008–present)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kosovo" title="Geography of Kosovo">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Environment of Kosovo">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_Kosovo" title="Biodiversity of Kosovo">Biodiversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="List of protected areas of Kosovo">Protected areas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Kosovo" title="Climate of Kosovo">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_of_Kosovo" title="Forests of Kosovo">Forests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Landscapes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Kosovo" title="List of lakes of Kosovo">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Kosovo" title="List of mountains in Kosovo">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Kosovo" title="List of rivers of Kosovo">Rivers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Regions of Kosovo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ghegs" title="Ghegs">Gegëri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drenica" title="Drenica">Drenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Has_(region)" title="Has (region)">Has</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llap_(region)" title="Llap (region)">Llap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llapusha" title="Llapusha">Llapusha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luma_(region)" title="Luma (region)">Luma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugova_(region)" title="Rugova (region)">Rugova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metohija" title="Metohija">Dukagjini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Pomoravlje" title="Kosovo Pomoravlje">Anamorava</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Kosovo" title="Politics of Kosovo">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Kosovo_to_the_European_Union" title="Accession of Kosovo to the European Union">Accession to the EU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_Republic_of_Kosovo" title="Assembly of the Republic of Kosovo">Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Kosovo" title="Constitution of Kosovo">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Kosovo" title="Administrative divisions of Kosovo">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Kosovo" title="Elections in Kosovo">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Union_Rule_of_Law_Mission_in_Kosovo" title="European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo">EU Rule of Law Mission (EULEX)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Kosovo" title="Foreign relations of Kosovo">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kosovo" title="Government of Kosovo">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Kosovo" title="Prime Minister of Kosovo">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li>Human rights <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Kosovo">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Steering_Group_for_Kosovo" title="International Steering Group for Kosovo">International Steering Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Kosovo" title="Judiciary of Kosovo">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Force" title="Kosovo Force">Kosovo Force (KFOR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Protection_Corps" title="Kosovo Protection Corps">Kosovo Protection Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Kosovo" title="Law of Kosovo">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Security_Force" title="Kosovo Security Force">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Kosovo" title="Municipalities of Kosovo">Municipalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Police" title="Kosovo Police">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Kosovo" title="List of political parties in Kosovo">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Kosovo" title="President of Kosovo">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Institutions_of_Self-Government" title="Provisional Institutions of Self-Government">Provisional institutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Interim_Administration_Mission_in_Kosovo" title="United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo">UN Interim Administration Mission (UNMIK)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Kosovo" title="Political status of Kosovo">Status</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2008_Kosovo_declaration_of_independence" title="2008 Kosovo declaration of independence">2008 declaration of independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standards_for_Kosovo" title="Standards for Kosovo">Standards for Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_status_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovo status process">Status process</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Kosovo" title="Partition of Kosovo">Partition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Albania_and_Kosovo" title="Unification of Albania and Kosovo">Unification with Albania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1244" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244">UN Security Council Resolution 1244</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice_advisory_opinion_on_Kosovo%27s_declaration_of_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence">ICJ opinion on Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgrade%E2%80%93Pristina_negotiations" title="Belgrade–Pristina negotiations">Belgrade–Pristina negotiations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brussels_Agreement_(2013)" title="Brussels Agreement (2013)">Brussels Agreement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Kosovo" title="Economy of Kosovo">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Kosovo" title="List of banks in Kosovo">Banks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Kosovo" title="Central Bank of Kosovo">Central Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_and_the_euro" title="Kosovo and the euro">Euro <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_energy_in_Kosovo" title="Electrical energy in Kosovo">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_resources_of_Kosovo" title="Natural resources of Kosovo">Natural resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_and_communications_technology_in_Kosovo" title="Information and communications technology in Kosovo">Telecoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Kosovo" title="Transport in Kosovo">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Kosovo" title="Tourism in Kosovo">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Kosovo" title="Category:Society of Kosovo">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Kosovo" title="List of cities and towns in Kosovo">Cities and towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Kosovo" title="Crime in Kosovo">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Kosovo" title="Demographics of Kosovo">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Kosovo" title="Education in Kosovo">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_Kosovo" title="Emigration from Kosovo">Emigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Kosovo">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Kosovo" title="Healthcare in Kosovo">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monuments_of_Kosovo" title="Monuments of Kosovo">Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Kosovo" title="Religion in Kosovo">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Kosovo" title="Women in Kosovo">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kosovo" title="Culture of Kosovo">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthem_of_the_Republic_of_Kosovo" title="Anthem of the Republic of Kosovo">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Kosovo" title="Architecture of Kosovo">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kosovo" title="Cinema of Kosovo">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Kosovo">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_clothing_of_Kosovo" title="Traditional clothing of Kosovo">Costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosovan cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Kosovo" title="Flag of Kosovo">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Kosovo">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Kosovo" title="Literature of Kosovo">Literature</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Kosovo" title="Music of Kosovo">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_Kosovo" title="Names of Kosovo">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_at_the_Olympics" title="Kosovo at the Olympics">Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Kosovo" title="Public holidays in Kosovo">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Kosovo" title="List of radio stations in Kosovo">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Kosovo" title="Sport in Kosovo">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basketball_in_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Basketball in Kosovo">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Kosovo" title="Football in Kosovo">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judo_in_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Judo in Kosovo">Judo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Kosovo" title="Television in Kosovo">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Kosovo" title="Outline of Kosovo">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kosovo" title="Category:Kosovo">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Media_of_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Media_of_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Media of Europe</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Andorra" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Estonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Liechtenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Luxembourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Malta" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Monaco" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_San_Marino" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Slovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_of_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media of South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Transnistria" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_of_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media of Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_the_Faroe_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_of_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media of Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_of_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media of Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_of_the_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media of the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Jersey">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Media_of_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Media of Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Media_of_Kosovo" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Media_of_Kosovo" title="Template:Media of Kosovo"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Media_of_Kosovo" title="Template talk:Media of Kosovo"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Media_of_Kosovo" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Media of Kosovo"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Media_of_Kosovo" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Kosovo">Media of Kosovo</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">News agencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telegrafi" title="Telegrafi">Telegrafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallxo" title="Kallxo">Kallxo</a></li> <li>InfoKosova</li> <li>Koha.net</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gazeta_Express" title="Gazeta Express">Gazeta Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleshkronja_Post" title="Teleshkronja Post">Teleshkronja Post</a></li> <li>Ferizaj24</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosova24" title="Kosova24">Kosova24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Kosovo" title="Television in Kosovo">TV channels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Kosovo" title="Radio Television of Kosovo">Radio Television of Kosovo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RTK_1" title="RTK 1">RTK 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTK_2" title="RTK 2">RTK 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTK_3" title="RTK 3">RTK 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTK_4" title="RTK 4">RTK 4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTV21" title="RTV21">RTV 21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohavision" title="Kohavision">Kohavision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klan_Kosova" title="Klan Kosova">Klan Kosova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TV_Prizreni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TV Prizreni (page does not exist)">TV Prizreni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Kosovo" title="List of radio stations in Kosovo">Radio stations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RTV21" title="RTV21">Radio 21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Kosovo" title="Radio Television of Kosovo">Radio Blue Sky</a></li> <li>Radio Dukagjini</li> <li>Radio K4 (Shqip)</li> <li>Radio K4 (Srpski)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Kosovo" title="Radio Television of Kosovo">Radio Kosova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Radio Besa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Drenasi_92.1" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio Drenasi 92.1">Radio Drenasi 92.1</a></li> <li>Radio Helix</li> <li>Radio Mitrovica</li> <li>Radio Puls (Serbian)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_FM" title="Urban FM">Urban FM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Kosovo" title="List of newspapers in Kosovo">Daily newspapers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Koha_Ditore" title="Koha Ditore">Koha Ditore</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gazeta_Express" title="Gazeta Express">Gazeta Express</a></i></li> <li><i>InfoKosova</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bota_Sot" title="Bota Sot">Bota Sot</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Epoka_e_Re" title="Epoka e Re">Epoka e Re</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kosova_Sot" title="Kosova Sot">Kosova Sot</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Teleshkronja_Post" title="Teleshkronja Post">Teleshkronja Post</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lajm" class="mw-redirect" title="Lajm">Lajm</a></i></li> <li><i>Bota Press</i></li> <li><i>Tribuna</i></li> <li><i>Zëri</i></li> <li><i>Infopress</i></li> <li><i>Ferizaj24</i></li> <li><i>Express</i> (online)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kosova24" title="Kosova24">Kosova24</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Europe" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Europe_topic" title="Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Europe_topic" title="Template talk:Europe topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Europe_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Europe topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Europe" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Europe" title="Transparency of media ownership in Europe">Transparency of media ownership in Europe </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Transparency of media ownership in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Andorra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Andorra (page does not exist)">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Armenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transparency of media ownership in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Austria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Austria (page does not exist)">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Transparency of media ownership in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Belarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Belarus (page does not exist)">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Belgium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Belgium (page does not exist)">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" class="mw-redirect" title="Transparency of media ownership in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Bulgaria" title="Transparency of media ownership in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Croatia" title="Transparency of media ownership in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Transparency of media ownership in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_the_Czech_Republic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in the Czech Republic (page does not exist)">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Denmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Denmark (page does not exist)">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Estonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Estonia (page does not exist)">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Finland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Finland (page does not exist)">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_France&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in France (page does not exist)">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Georgia_(country)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transparency of media ownership in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Germany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Germany (page does not exist)">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Greece" class="mw-redirect" title="Transparency of media ownership in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Hungary (page does not exist)">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Iceland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Iceland (page does not exist)">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in the Republic of Ireland (page does not exist)">Ireland</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Italy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Italy (page does not exist)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Kazakhstan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Kazakhstan (page does not exist)">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Latvia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Latvia (page does not exist)">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Liechtenstein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Liechtenstein (page does not exist)">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Lithuania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Lithuania (page does not exist)">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Luxembourg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Luxembourg (page does not exist)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Malta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Malta (page does not exist)">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Moldova" class="mw-redirect" title="Transparency of media ownership in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Monaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Monaco (page does not exist)">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Transparency of media ownership in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_the_Netherlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in the Netherlands (page does not exist)">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transparency of media ownership in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Norway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Norway (page does not exist)">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Poland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Poland (page does not exist)">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Portugal (page does not exist)">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Romania" title="Transparency of media ownership in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Russia (page does not exist)">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_San_Marino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in San Marino (page does not exist)">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transparency of media ownership in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Slovakia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Slovakia (page does not exist)">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Transparency of media ownership in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Spain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Spain (page does not exist)">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Sweden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Sweden (page does not exist)">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Switzerland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Switzerland (page does not exist)">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Turkey" title="Transparency of media ownership in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Transparency of media ownership in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in the United Kingdom (page does not exist)">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with limited<br />recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Abkhazia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Abkhazia (page does not exist)">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Kosovo" class="mw-redirect" title="Transparency of media ownership in Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Northern_Cyprus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Northern Cyprus (page does not exist)">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_South_Ossetia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in South Ossetia (page does not exist)">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Transnistria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Transnistria (page does not exist)">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies and<br />other entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_%C3%85land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Åland (page does not exist)">Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_the_Faroe_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in the Faroe Islands (page does not exist)">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Gibraltar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Gibraltar (page does not exist)">Gibraltar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Guernsey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Guernsey (page does not exist)">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_the_Isle_of_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in the Isle of Man (page does not exist)">Isle of Man</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Jersey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Jersey (page does not exist)">Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transparency_of_media_ownership_in_Svalbard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transparency of media ownership in Svalbard (page does not exist)">Svalbard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&oldid=1224834245">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&oldid=1224834245</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Kosovo" title="Category:Mass media in Kosovo">Mass media in Kosovo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_by_country" title="Category:Mass media by country">Mass media by country</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Europe_by_country" title="Category:Mass media in Europe by country">Mass media in Europe by country</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_March_2020" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from March 2020">Articles with dead external links from March 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">CS1 maint: archived copy as title</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations" title="Category:All articles with bare URLs for citations">All articles with bare URLs for citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_bare_URLs_for_citations_from_March_2022" title="Category:Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022">Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_PDF_format_bare_URLs_for_citations" title="Category:Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations">Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_February_2020" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from February 2020">Articles with dead external links from February 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_missing_periodical" title="Category:CS1 errors: missing periodical">CS1 errors: missing periodical</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_with_empty_Wikidata_description" title="Category:Short description with empty Wikidata description">Short description with empty Wikidata description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_December_2015" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from December 2015">Articles to be expanded from December 2015</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_vague_or_ambiguous_time" title="Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time">All articles with vague or ambiguous time</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vague_or_ambiguous_time_from_December_2022" title="Category:Vague or ambiguous time from December 2022">Vague or ambiguous time from December 2022</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 May 2024, at 19:06<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Kosovo&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6df7948d6c-xbhcs","wgBackendResponseTime":233,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.434","walltime":"1.806","ppvisitednodes":{"value":35997,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":258019,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":30806,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":56,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":252403,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1501.150 1 -total"," 25.27% 379.293 1 Template:Reflist"," 18.51% 277.840 7 Template:Navbox"," 17.86% 268.038 2 Template:Europe_topic"," 15.91% 238.802 35 Template:Rp"," 14.32% 214.954 35 Template:R/superscript"," 14.11% 211.873 98 Template:Iso2country"," 12.29% 184.498 27 Template:Cite_web"," 9.92% 148.859 1 Template:Culture_of_Kosovo"," 9.69% 145.387 1 Template:Culture_of_region"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.634","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":8881660,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-lh5s9","timestamp":"20241122211314","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Mass media in Kosovo","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mass_media_in_Kosovo","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6805896","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q6805896","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2013-02-24T15:31:50Z","dateModified":"2024-05-20T19:06:01Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a7\/Radio_Televizioni_i_Kosov%C3%ABs_-_RTK_%282%29.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>