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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Guarani_Wars" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guarani_Wars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Guarani Wars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guarani_Wars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cisplatine_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cisplatine_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Cisplatine War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cisplatine_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Farroupilha_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Farroupilha_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Farroupilha Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Farroupilha_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conflicts_with_neighbouring_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conflicts_with_neighbouring_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Conflicts with neighbouring countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conflicts_with_neighbouring_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paraguayan_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paraguayan_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Paraguayan War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paraguayan_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_Empire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_Empire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Late Empire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_Empire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1893_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1893_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>1893 Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1893_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1923_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1923_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>1923 Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1923_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1930_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1930_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.9</span> <span>1930 Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1930_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Largest_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Largest_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Largest cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Largest_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Infrastructure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Highways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Highways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Highways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Highways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Ports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>International airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Porto_Alegre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Porto_Alegre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.1</span> <span>Porto Alegre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Porto_Alegre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pelotas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pelotas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.2</span> <span>Pelotas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pelotas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bagé" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bagé"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.3</span> <span>Bagé</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bagé-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uruguaiana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uruguaiana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.4</span> <span>Uruguaiana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uruguaiana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>National airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Caxias_do_Sul" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caxias_do_Sul"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4.1</span> <span>Caxias do Sul</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caxias_do_Sul-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Tourism and recreation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Language-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Language subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gaúcho_Portuguese_phonology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gaúcho_Portuguese_phonology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Gaúcho Portuguese phonology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gaúcho_Portuguese_phonology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Phonemes_of_Porto-alegrense_Portuguese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phonemes_of_Porto-alegrense_Portuguese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.1</span> <span>Phonemes of Porto-alegrense Portuguese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phonemes_of_Porto-alegrense_Portuguese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Example" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Example"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.2</span> <span>Example</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Example-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minority_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minority_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Minority languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minority_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rio Grande do Sul</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 98 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-98" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">98 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88_%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84" title="ريو غراندي دو سول – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريو غراندي دو سول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul_Istadu" title="Rio Grande do Sul Istadu – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul Istadu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riu-Qrandi-du-Sul" title="Riu-Qrandi-du-Sul – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Riu-Qrandi-du-Sul" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%83-%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B-%D0%B4%D1%83-%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Рыу-Гранды-ду-Сул – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Рыу-Гранды-ду-Сул" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8B%D1%8E-%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96-%D0%B4%D1%83-%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Рыю-Грандзі-ду-Сул – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Рыю-Грандзі-ду-Сул" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Рио Гранди до Сул – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Рио Гранди до Сул" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul_(estado_sa_Brasil)" title="Rio Grande do Sul (estado sa Brasil) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul (estado sa Brasil)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Suli_osariik" title="Rio Grande do Suli osariik – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Rio Grande do Suli osariik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%AF%CE%BF_%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B5_%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB" title="Ρίο Γκράντε ντο Σουλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρίο Γκράντε ντο Σουλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Grande_del_Sur" title="Río Grande del Sur – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Río Grande del Sur" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suda_Rio-Grando" title="Suda Rio-Grando – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Suda Rio-Grando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hegoaldeko_Rio_Grande" title="Hegoaldeko Rio Grande – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hegoaldeko Rio Grande" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="ریو گرانده جنوبی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ریو گرانده جنوبی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Grande_do_Sur" title="Río Grande do Sur – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Río Grande do Sur" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A0m-thai-h%C3%B2-ch%C3%BB" title="Nàm-thai-hò-chû – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Nàm-thai-hò-chû" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%88%EC%9A%B0%EA%B7%B8%EB%9E%80%EC%A7%80%EB%91%90%EC%88%A0%EC%A3%BC" title="히우그란지두술주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="히우그란지두술주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82_%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB_%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82_%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AC" title="Ռիու Գրանդի դու Սուլ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռիու Գրանդի դու Սուլ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="रियो ग्रांडे दो सुल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रियो ग्रांडे दो सुल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2" title="রিও গ্রান্ডে ডো সুল – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="রিও গ্রান্ডে ডো সুল" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%83-%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8-%D0%B4%D1%83-%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Риу-Гранди-ду-Сул – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Риу-Гранди-ду-Сул" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95_%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94_%D7%93%D7%95_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9C" title="ריו גראנדה דו סול – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ריו גראנדה דו סול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3-%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98-%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3-%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="რიუ-გრანდი-დუ-სული – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რიუ-გრანდი-დუ-სული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%83-%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8-%D0%B4%D1%83-%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Риу-Гранди-ду-Сул – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Риу-Гранди-ду-Сул" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_del_Sud" title="Rio Grande del Sud – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Rio Grande del Sud" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civitas_Fluvii_Magni_Australis" title="Civitas Fluvii Magni Australis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Civitas Fluvii Magni Australis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riugrandi_du_Sula" title="Riugrandi du Sula – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Riugrandi du Sula" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piet%C5%B3_Rio_Grand%C4%97" title="Pietų Rio Grandė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pietų Rio Grandė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Рио Гранде ду Сул – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Рио Гранде ду Сул" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2" title="रियो ग्रांदे दो सुल – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="रियो ग्रांदे दो सुल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84" title="ریوگرانده دو سول – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ریوگرانده دو سول" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%82%E1%80%9B%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%86%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA" title="ရီယိုဂရန်းဒေးဒိုဆူလ်ပြည်နယ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရီယိုဂရန်းဒေးဒိုဆူလ်ပြည်နယ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AA%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%83%BB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%AB%E5%B7%9E" title="リオグランデ・ド・スル州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リオグランデ・ド・スル州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul_(Bundesstoot)" title="Rio Grande do Sul (Bundesstoot) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul (Bundesstoot)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D9%88_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84" title="ریو گراند دو سول – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ریو گراند دو سول" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_d%C3%ABl_Sud" title="Rio Grande dël Sud – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Rio Grande dël Sud" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riu_Grandi_du_Sul" title="Riu Grandi du Sul – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Riu Grandi du Sul" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urin_Hatunmayu_suyu" title="Urin Hatunmayu suyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Urin Hatunmayu suyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%83-%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8-%D0%B4%D1%83-%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Риу-Гранди-ду-Сул – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Риу-Гранди-ду-Сул" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BE_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Рио Гранде до Сул – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рио Гранде до Сул" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8A_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="இரியோ கிராண்டு டொ சுல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இரியோ கிராண்டு டொ சுல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%83-%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8-%D0%B4%D1%83-%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Риу-Гранди-ду-Сул – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Риу-Гранди-ду-Сул" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riu_Grande_do_Sul" title="Riu Grande do Sul – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Riu Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A7" title="รัฐฮิวกรังจีดูซูว – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐฮิวกรังจีดูซูว" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%83_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D1%83_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Риу Гранди ду Сул – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Риу Гранди ду Сул" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D1%83-%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%96-%D0%B4%D1%83-%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB" title="Ріу-Гранді-ду-Сул – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ріу-Гранді-ду-Сул" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%DB%8C_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C" title="جنوبی ریو گرانڈی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جنوبی ریو گرانڈی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9E" title="南里奥格兰德州 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="南里奥格兰德州" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Rio Grande do Sul" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%A4%A7%E6%B2%B3%E5%B7%9E" title="南大河州 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="南大河州" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%87%8C%E5%A5%A5%E6%A0%BC%E5%85%B0%E5%BE%B7%E5%B7%9E" title="南里奥格兰德州 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="南里奥格兰德州" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q40030#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State of Brazil</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State in Brazil</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Rio Grande do Sul</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Brazil">State</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Rio Grande do Sul"><img alt="Flag of Rio Grande do Sul" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg/100px-Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg/150px-Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg/200px-Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Flag of Rio Grande do Sul">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bras%C3%A3o_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Rio Grande do Sul"><img alt="Coat of arms of Rio Grande do Sul" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bras%C3%A3o_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg/75px-Bras%C3%A3o_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bras%C3%A3o_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg/113px-Bras%C3%A3o_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Bras%C3%A3o_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg/151px-Bras%C3%A3o_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="531" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Liberdade, Igualdade, Humanidade</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>)</span><br /> "Liberty, Equality, Humanity"</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Anthem: <span title="Portuguese-language text"><span lang="pt" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hino_Rio-Grandense" title="Hino Rio-Grandense">Hino Rio-Grandense</a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rio_Grande_do_Sul_in_Brazil.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Brazil with Rio Grande do Sul highlighted"><img alt="Map of Brazil with Rio Grande do Sul highlighted" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Rio_Grande_do_Sul_in_Brazil.svg/250px-Rio_Grande_do_Sul_in_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Rio_Grande_do_Sul_in_Brazil.svg/375px-Rio_Grande_do_Sul_in_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Rio_Grande_do_Sul_in_Brazil.svg/500px-Rio_Grande_do_Sul_in_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2008" data-file-height="1984" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Map of Brazil with Rio Grande do Sul highlighted</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&params=30_S_53_W_type:adm1st_region:BR-RS"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">30°S</span> <span class="longitude">53°W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">30°S 53°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-30; -53</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Capital_(political)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital (political)">Capital</a> and largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bandeira_de_Porto_Alegre.svg/22px-Bandeira_de_Porto_Alegre.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bandeira_de_Porto_Alegre.svg/33px-Bandeira_de_Porto_Alegre.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Bandeira_de_Porto_Alegre.svg/43px-Bandeira_de_Porto_Alegre.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="630" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Porto_Alegre" title="Porto Alegre">Porto Alegre</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor_(Brazil)" class="mw-redirect" title="Governor (Brazil)">Governor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Leite" title="Eduardo Leite">Eduardo Leite</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Social_Democracy_Party" title="Brazilian Social Democracy Party">PSDB</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Vice Governor</th><td class="infobox-data">Gabriel Souza (<a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Democratic_Movement" title="Brazilian Democratic Movement">MDB</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Federal_Senate_(Brazil)" title="Federal Senate (Brazil)">Senators</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Mour%C3%A3o" title="Hamilton Mourão">Hamilton Mourão</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republicans_(Brazil)" title="Republicans (Brazil)">REP</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Luis_Carlos_Heinze" title="Luis Carlos Heinze">Luis Carlos Heinze</a> (<a href="/wiki/Progressistas" title="Progressistas">PP</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Paim" title="Paulo Paim">Paulo Paim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)" title="Workers' Party (Brazil)">PT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">281,707.149 km<sup>2</sup> (108,767.738 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_states_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Brazilian states by area">9th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022)<sup id="cite_ref-census2022_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">10,882,965</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_states_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Brazilian states by population">6th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">39/km<sup>2</sup> (100/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">  • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_states_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Brazilian states by population density">13th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gaucho" title="Gaucho">gaúcho</a>, rio-grandense or sul-rio-grandense</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Year</th><td class="infobox-data">2015</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data">US$205 billion (PPP) US$115 billion (nominal) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_states_by_gross_domestic_product" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Brazilian states by gross domestic product">4th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">US$18,131 (PPP) US$10,244 (nominal) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_federative_units_by_gross_domestic_product" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Brazilian federative units by gross domestic product">5th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Year</th><td class="infobox-data">2021</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Category</th><td class="infobox-data">0.801<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – <span style="color:#0c0">very high</span> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_federative_units_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Brazilian federative units by Human Development Index">6th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC-3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-3">UTC-3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_Brazil" title="Time in Brazil">BRT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">90000-000 to 99990-000</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:BR" title="ISO 3166-2:BR">BR-RS</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Brazil" title="Vehicle registration plates of Brazil">License Plate Letter Sequence</a></th><td class="infobox-data">IAQ to JDO</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rs.gov.br/">rs.gov.br</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rio Grande do Sul</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ʊ/: 'u' in 'push'">ʊ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/-<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></span>/</a></span></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Portuguese:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[ˈʁi.u<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈɡɾɐ̃dʒ(i)<span class="wrap"> </span>du<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈsuw]</a></span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e0\/Br-RioGrandeDoSul.ogg\/Br-RioGrandeDoSul.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Br-RioGrandeDoSul.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e0/Br-RioGrandeDoSul.ogg/Br-RioGrandeDoSul.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Br-RioGrandeDoSul.ogg" title="File:Br-RioGrandeDoSul.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>; <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr> "Great River of the South") is a <a href="/wiki/Federative_units_of_Brazil" title="Federative units of Brazil">state</a> in the <a href="/wiki/South_Region,_Brazil" title="South Region, Brazil">southern region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/Federative_units_of_Brazil#List" title="Federative units of Brazil">fifth-most populous state</a> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_states_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Brazilian states by area">ninth-largest by area</a> and it is divided into 497 municipalities. Located in the southernmost part of the country, Rio Grande do Sul is bordered clockwise by <a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina_(state)" title="Santa Catarina (state)">Santa Catarina</a> to the north and northeast, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Uruguayan <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Uruguay" title="Departments of Uruguay">departments</a> of <a href="/wiki/Rocha_Department" title="Rocha Department">Rocha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Treinta_y_Tres_Department" title="Treinta y Tres Department">Treinta y Tres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cerro_Largo_Department" title="Cerro Largo Department">Cerro Largo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rivera_Department" title="Rivera Department">Rivera</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Artigas_Department" title="Artigas Department">Artigas</a> to the south and southwest, and the <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentine</a> <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Argentina" title="Provinces of Argentina">provinces</a> of <a href="/wiki/Corrientes_Province" title="Corrientes Province">Corrientes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Misiones_Province" title="Misiones Province">Misiones</a> to the west and northwest. The capital and largest city is <a href="/wiki/Porto_Alegre" title="Porto Alegre">Porto Alegre</a>. The state has the highest life expectancy in Brazil, and the crime rate is relatively low compared to the Brazilian national average.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state has 5.4% of the Brazilian population and it is responsible for 6.6% of the Brazilian GDP. </p><p>The state shares a <a href="/wiki/Gaucho" title="Gaucho">gaucho</a> culture with its neighbors Argentina and Uruguay. Before the arrival of Portuguese and Spanish settlers, it was inhabited mostly by the <a href="/wiki/Guarani_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Guarani people">Guarani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaingang" title="Kaingang">Kaingang</a> peoples (with smaller populations of <a href="/wiki/Charr%C3%BAa" title="Charrúa">Charrúa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minuane" title="Minuane">Minuane</a>). The first Europeans there were <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a>, followed by settlers from the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a>. In the 19th century it was the scene of conflicts including the <a href="/wiki/Ragamuffin_War" title="Ragamuffin War">Ragamuffin War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_War" title="Paraguayan War">Paraguayan War</a>. Large waves of <a href="/wiki/German_Brazilians" title="German Brazilians">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italian_Brazilians" title="Italian Brazilians">Italian</a> migration have shaped the state as well. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monte_Negro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Monte_Negro.jpg/220px-Monte_Negro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Monte_Negro.jpg/330px-Monte_Negro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Monte_Negro.jpg/440px-Monte_Negro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1997" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pico_do_Monte_Negro" title="Pico do Monte Negro">Pico do Monte Negro</a> is the highest mountain in the state.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_municipality_borders.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Map_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_municipality_borders.svg/220px-Map_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_municipality_borders.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Map_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_municipality_borders.svg/330px-Map_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_municipality_borders.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Map_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_municipality_borders.svg/440px-Map_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_municipality_borders.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="496" /></a><figcaption>Map with municipal boundaries</figcaption></figure> <p>Rio Grande do Sul is bordered to the northeast by the Brazilian State of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina_(state)" title="Santa Catarina (state)">Santa Catarina</a>, to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean, on the southwest by <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>, and to the northwest by the <a href="/wiki/Argentine" class="mw-redirect" title="Argentine">Argentine</a> provinces of <a href="/wiki/Corrientes_Province" title="Corrientes Province">Corrientes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Misiones_Province" title="Misiones Province">Misiones</a>. </p><p>The northern part of the state lies on the southern slopes of the elevated plateau extending southward from <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_state" class="mw-redirect" title="São Paulo state">São Paulo</a> across the states of <a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraná state">Paraná</a> and Santa Catarina, and is much broken by low mountain ranges whose general direction across the trend of the slope gives them the appearance of escarpments. A range of low mountains extends southward from the <a href="/wiki/Serra_do_Mar" title="Serra do Mar">Serra do Mar</a> of Santa Catarina and crosses the state into Uruguay. West of this range is a vast grassy plain devoted principally to stock-raising – the northern and most elevated part being suitable in pasturage and climate for sheep, and the southern for cattle. East of it is a wide coastal zone only slightly elevated above the sea; within it are two great <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuarine</a> lagoons, the <a href="/wiki/Lagoa_dos_Patos" title="Lagoa dos Patos">Lagoa dos Patos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lagoa_Mirim" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagoa Mirim">Lagoa Mirim</a>, which are separated from the ocean by two sandy, partially barren peninsulas. The coast is one great sand beach, broken only by the outlet of the two lakes, called the Rio Grande, which affords an entrance to navigable inland waters and several ports. There are two distinct river systems in Rio Grande do Sul – that of the eastern slope draining to the lagoons, and that of the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata_basin" class="mw-redirect" title="Río de la Plata basin">Río de la Plata basin</a> draining westward to the <a href="/wiki/Uruguay_River" title="Uruguay River">Uruguay River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arauc%C3%A1rias_nos_Campos_de_Cima_da_Serra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Arauc%C3%A1rias_nos_Campos_de_Cima_da_Serra.jpg/220px-Arauc%C3%A1rias_nos_Campos_de_Cima_da_Serra.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Arauc%C3%A1rias_nos_Campos_de_Cima_da_Serra.jpg/330px-Arauc%C3%A1rias_nos_Campos_de_Cima_da_Serra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Arauc%C3%A1rias_nos_Campos_de_Cima_da_Serra.jpg/440px-Arauc%C3%A1rias_nos_Campos_de_Cima_da_Serra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4997" data-file-height="3331" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Araucaria_angustifolia" title="Araucaria angustifolia">Araucaria</a> in the Mountains region of Rio Grande do Sul</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Veados_Campeiros.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Veados_Campeiros.jpg/220px-Veados_Campeiros.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Veados_Campeiros.jpg/330px-Veados_Campeiros.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Veados_Campeiros.jpg/440px-Veados_Campeiros.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3870" data-file-height="2570" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pampas_deer" title="Pampas deer">Pampas deer</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The larger rivers of the eastern group are the <a href="/wiki/Jacu%C3%AD_River" title="Jacuí River">Jacuí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinos_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinos River">Sinos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%AD_River" title="Caí River">Caí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gravata%C3%AD_River" title="Gravataí River">Gravataí</a> and <a href="/wiki/Camaqu%C3%A3_River" title="Camaquã River">Camaquã</a>, which flow into the Lagoa dos Patos, and the <a href="/wiki/Jaguar%C3%A3o_River" title="Jaguarão River">Jaguarão</a> which flows into the Lagoa Mirim. All of the first named, except the Camaquã, discharge into one of the two arms or estuaries opening into the northern end of Lagoa dos Patos, which is called the <a href="/wiki/Gua%C3%ADba_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Guaíba River">Guaíba River</a>, though technically it is not a river but a lake. The Guaíba River is broad, comparatively deep and about 56 kilometres (35 mi) long, and with the rivers discharging into it affords upwards of 320 kilometres (200 mi) of fluvial navigation. The Jacuí is one of the most important rivers of the state, rising in the ranges of the Coxilha Grande of the north and flowing south and southeast to the Guaíba estuary, with a course of nearly 480 kilometres (300 mi) It has two large tributaries, the <a href="/wiki/Vacaca%C3%AD_River" title="Vacacaí River">Vacacaí</a> from the south and the <a href="/wiki/Taquari_River" title="Taquari River">Taquari</a> from the north, and many small streams. The Jaguarão, which forms part of the boundary line with Uruguay, is navigable 42 km up to and beyond the town of <a href="/wiki/Jaguar%C3%A3o" title="Jaguarão">Jaguarão</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parque_Estadual_do_Turvo_Anderson_Cristiano_Hendgen_(15).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Parque_Estadual_do_Turvo_Anderson_Cristiano_Hendgen_%2815%29.jpg/220px-Parque_Estadual_do_Turvo_Anderson_Cristiano_Hendgen_%2815%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Parque_Estadual_do_Turvo_Anderson_Cristiano_Hendgen_%2815%29.jpg/330px-Parque_Estadual_do_Turvo_Anderson_Cristiano_Hendgen_%2815%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Parque_Estadual_do_Turvo_Anderson_Cristiano_Hendgen_%2815%29.jpg/440px-Parque_Estadual_do_Turvo_Anderson_Cristiano_Hendgen_%2815%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2250" /></a><figcaption>Yacumã Falls in the <a href="/wiki/Turvo_State_Park" title="Turvo State Park">Turvo State Park</a> are the second widest in the world.</figcaption></figure> <p>In addition to the Lagoa dos Patos and Lagoa Mirim there are a number of small lakes on the sandy, swampy peninsulas that lie between the coast and these two, and there are others of a similar character along the northern coast. The largest lake is the Lagoa dos Patos (Lake of the Patos – an Indian tribe inhabiting its shores at the time of European discovery), which lies parallel with the coastline, northeast and southwest, and is about 214 kilometres (133 mi) long exclusive of the two arms at its northern end, 40 58 km long respectively, and of its outlet, the Rio Grande, about 39 km long. Its width varies from 35 to 58 km. The lake is comparatively shallow and filled with sand banks, making its navigable channels tortuous and difficult. The Lagoa Mirim occupies a similar position farther south, on the Uruguayan border, and is about 175 kilometres (109 mi) long by 10 to 35 km wide. It is more irregular in outline and discharges into Lagoa dos Patos through a navigable channel known as the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Gon%C3%A7alo_Channel" title="São Gonçalo Channel">São Gonçalo Channel</a>. A part of the lake lies in Uruguayan territory, but its navigation, as determined by treaty, belongs exclusively to Brazil. Both of these lakes are evidently the remains of an ancient depression in the coastline shut in by sand beaches built up by the combined action of wind and current. They are of the same level as the ocean, but their waters are affected by the tides and are <a href="/wiki/Brackish" class="mw-redirect" title="Brackish">brackish</a> only a short distance above the Rio Grande outlet.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fully one-third of the state belongs to the Río de la Plata drainage basin. Of the many streams flowing northward and westward to the Uruguay, the largest are the <a href="/wiki/Iju%C3%AD_River" title="Ijuí River">Ijuí</a> of the plateau region, the <a href="/wiki/Ibicu%C3%AD_River" title="Ibicuí River">Ibicuí</a>, which has its source near Santa Maria in the central part of the state and flows westward to the Uruguay a short distance above <a href="/wiki/Uruguaiana" title="Uruguaiana">Uruguaiana</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Quara%C3%AD_River" title="Quaraí River">Quaraí River</a> which forms part of the boundary line with Uruguay. The Uruguay River itself is formed by the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/Canoas_River_(Santa_Catarina)" title="Canoas River (Santa Catarina)">Canoas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pelotas_River" title="Pelotas River">Pelotas</a> rivers. The Pelotas, which has its source in the <a href="/wiki/Serra_do_Mar" title="Serra do Mar">Serra do Mar</a> on the Atlantic coast, and the Uruguay River forms the northern and western boundary line of the state down to the mouth of the Quaraí, on the Uruguayan frontier.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canion_Fortaleza_dia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Canion_Fortaleza_dia.jpg/220px-Canion_Fortaleza_dia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Canion_Fortaleza_dia.jpg/330px-Canion_Fortaleza_dia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Canion_Fortaleza_dia.jpg/440px-Canion_Fortaleza_dia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1452" data-file-height="968" /></a><figcaption>Canyon Fortaleza at the <a href="/wiki/Aparados_da_Serra_National_Park" title="Aparados da Serra National Park">Aparados da Serra National Park</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neve_Caxias_do_Sul_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Neve_Caxias_do_Sul_%283%29.jpg/220px-Neve_Caxias_do_Sul_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Neve_Caxias_do_Sul_%283%29.jpg/330px-Neve_Caxias_do_Sul_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Neve_Caxias_do_Sul_%283%29.jpg/440px-Neve_Caxias_do_Sul_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3861" data-file-height="2574" /></a><figcaption>Snow in Caxias do Sul.</figcaption></figure> <p>Rio Grande do Sul lies within the south temperate zone and is predominantly <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical</a> (<i>Cfa</i>, according to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>). The climate is <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">subtropical highland</a> (<i>Cfb</i>) in the highest areas. There are four relatively well-defined seasons and rainfall is well distributed throughout the year, but occasional droughts can occur. The winter months, June to September, are characterized by heavy rains and by a cold southwesterly wind, called <a href="/wiki/Minuano" title="Minuano">minuano</a>, which sometimes lowers the temperature to below freezing, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Serra_Ga%C3%BAcha" title="Serra Gaúcha">mountainous municipalities</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where snowfalls can occur. The lowest official temperature registered in the state was −9.8 °C (14 °F) in <a href="/wiki/Bom_Jesus,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Bom Jesus, Rio Grande do Sul">Bom Jesus</a>, on August 1, 1955.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In summer, the temperature rises to 37 °C (99 °F), and heat related injuries are not uncommon. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecoregions">Ecoregions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ecoregions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a> cover portions of the state. In the northeastern corner of the state, between the <a href="/wiki/Serra_do_Mar" title="Serra do Mar">Serra do Mar</a>/Serra Geral and the Atlantic, lies the southern extension of the <a href="/wiki/Serra_do_Mar_coastal_forests" title="Serra do Mar coastal forests">Serra do Mar coastal forests</a>, a belt of evergreen tropical moist forests that extend north along the coastal strip as far as <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio de Janeiro state">Rio de Janeiro state</a>. The high plateau behind the Serra do Mar is occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Araucaria_moist_forests" title="Araucaria moist forests">Araucaria moist forests</a>, a subtropical forests characterized by evergreen, laurel-leaved forests interspersed with emergent <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Pine" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian Pine">Brazilian Pines</a> <i>(Araucaria angustifolia)</i>. The <a href="/wiki/Alto_Paran%C3%A1_Atlantic_forests" title="Alto Paraná Atlantic forests">Alto Paraná Atlantic forests</a> lie on the lower slopes of the plateau south and east of the Araucaria forests, including much of the lower basin of the Jacuí and its tributaries. These forests are semi-deciduous, with many trees losing their leaves in the winter dry season. The <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_restingas" title="Atlantic Coast restingas">Atlantic Coast restingas</a>, distinctive forests which grow on nutrient-poor coastal dunes, extend along the coast, as far as the Uruguayan border. </p><p>The southeastern portion of the state is covered by the <a href="/wiki/Pampas" title="Pampas">Pampas</a>, which extends south into <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>, in a <a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">plateau</a> named <a href="/wiki/Serras_de_Sudeste" title="Serras de Sudeste">Serras de Sudeste</a> (Southeastern Mountain Ranges). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paleontology">Paleontology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Paleontology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Caturrita_Formation" title="Caturrita Formation">Caturrita Formation</a>, rich in <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a> fossils, is located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. <i><a href="/wiki/Riograndia" title="Riograndia">Riograndia</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Cynodont" class="mw-redirect" title="Cynodont">cynodont</a> from these deposits, was named after the state in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-Bonaparte2001_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bonaparte2001-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other animals from Caturrita Formation include a <a href="/wiki/Dicynodont" class="mw-redirect" title="Dicynodont">dicynodont</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Jachaleria" title="Jachaleria">Jachaleria</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Traversodontidae" title="Traversodontidae">traversodontid</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Exaeretodon" title="Exaeretodon">Exaeretodon</a></i> and a <a href="/wiki/Rhynchosaur" title="Rhynchosaur">rhynchosaur</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Scaphonyx" class="mw-redirect" title="Scaphonyx">Scaphonyx</a></i>. The presence of <i>Exaeretodon</i> and <i>Scaphonyx</i> shows the relationships with the fauna of <a href="/wiki/Ischigualasto_Formation" title="Ischigualasto Formation">Ischigualasto Formation</a> of Argentina while <i>Jachaleria</i> better correlates with the lower part of <a href="/wiki/Los_Colorados_Formation" title="Los Colorados Formation">Los Colorados Formation</a>. All three genera confirm the Late Triassic age of the deposits, older than the upper section of Los Colorados Formation.<sup id="cite_ref-Bonaparte2001_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bonaparte2001-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="History of Rio Grande do Sul">History of Rio Grande do Sul</a></div> <p>During the Brazilian Colonial period, the province of South Rio Grande was the scene of small wars and border skirmishes between Portugal and Spain for the region, the <a href="/wiki/Sacramento_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacramento Colony">Sacramento Colony</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Guarani_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Guarani War">Guarani Missions</a>. It was also a focal point for internal rebellions in the 19th and the early 20th centuries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Guarani_Wars">Guarani Wars</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Guarani Wars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Guarani_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Guarani War">Guarani War</a></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tordesillas" title="Treaty of Tordesillas">treaty of Tordesillas</a>, the region was to be part of the Spanish possessions in South America. However, the Spanish were much more interested in the Pacific Coast, where gold, silver, and gems were quickly found. Even in the Atlantic coast, their attention was on the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_de_la_Plata" title="Río de la Plata">River Plate</a> where they built the seaport of Buenos Aires, on its right bank. Consequently, Spanish settlement followed the course of the River Plate and its tributaries, especially the Paraná and Uruguay rivers, largely ignoring the Rio Grande do Sul area. The Spanish introduced livestock which escaped into the plains and attracted <a href="/wiki/Gauchos" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauchos">gauchos</a> to the area. </p><p>The first Spanish to settle in the region that is now <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a>, northwestern Argentina (<a href="/wiki/Corrientes" title="Corrientes">Corrientes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Misiones" class="mw-redirect" title="Misiones">Misiones</a>), and Rio Grande do Sul were <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> missionary priests who came with the idea of converting the indigenous population to <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Catholic Christianity</a>. To that end, they founded missionary villages known in Spanish as <i>misiones</i> or <i>reducciones</i>, populated by <a href="/wiki/Guarani_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Guarani people">Guarani Indians</a>. </p><p>In the early 17th century, the Jesuits founded missions to the east of the Uruguay river, and in the northwest of modern Rio Grande do Sul.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ru%C3%ADnas_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Ru%C3%ADnas_1.jpg/220px-Ru%C3%ADnas_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Ru%C3%ADnas_1.jpg/330px-Ru%C3%ADnas_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Ru%C3%ADnas_1.jpg/440px-Ru%C3%ADnas_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4914" data-file-height="3197" /></a><figcaption>The historic town of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Miguel_das_Miss%C3%B5es" title="São Miguel das Missões">São Miguel das Missões</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The missions were destroyed and their Guarani inhabitants were enslaved in large raids by <a href="/wiki/Bandeirantes" title="Bandeirantes">bandeirantes</a> between 1636 and 1638; however, in 1687, the Jesuits were back in the region, having refounded seven reductions, the <a href="/wiki/Misiones_Orientales" title="Misiones Orientales">Misiones Orientales</a>. The region remained under Spanish sovereignty, though in practice the Jesuits operated quite independently as consequence of the spanish laws, up to the late 17th century. But in 1680, the Portuguese founded <a href="/wiki/Col%C3%B4nia_do_Sacramento" class="mw-redirect" title="Colônia do Sacramento">Colônia do Sacramento</a> on the northern bank of the River Plate, in what is now <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>. War ensued and was intermittent until the independence of Uruguay in 1828.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The logistics of defending Colônia against the Spanish resulted in a government effort to settle Rio Grande do Sul's coastal region with Brazilian and Portuguese colonists. In 1737, a fortified village (today the city of Rio Grande) was built at the entrance of Lagoa dos Patos. In 1752, a group of <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azorean</a> settlers founded Porto Alegre; to the west, Rio Pardo was also founded. Towards the middle of the century, Brazilians and Portuguese arrived to the west of the region, clashing with the Jesuits and the Guaranis. Up to 1756, the Guaranis fought back, under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Sep%C3%A9_Tiaraju" title="Sepé Tiaraju">Sepé Tiaraju</a>, who was popularly canonized as São Sepé (Saint Sepé). However, the Portuguese and Brazilians eventually crushed the resistance, destroyed the missions, and the region came definitely into Portuguese hegemony.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1738, the territory (which included the present state of Santa Catarina) became the Capitania d'el Rei and was made a dependency of Rio de Janeiro. Territorial disputes between Spain and Portugal led to the occupation by the Spaniards of the town of <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande</a> (then the capital of the capitania) and neighboring districts from 1763 to 1776, when they reverted to the Portuguese. The capture of Rio Grande in 1763 caused the removal of the seat of government to <a href="/wiki/Viam%C3%A3o" title="Viamão">Viamão</a> at the head of Lagoa dos Patos; in 1773, Porto dos Cazaes, renamed <a href="/wiki/Porto_Alegre" title="Porto Alegre">Porto Alegre</a>, became the capital. These historic acts were planned and directed by Manuel Sepúlveda, who used the pseudonym José Marcelino de Figueiredo, to hide his identity. In 1801, news of war between Spain and Portugal led to the capture of the Sete Povos and some frontier posts. </p><p>In 1777, the Santo Ildefonso Treaty granted the coastal region to Portugal, and the Missões to Spain; but, in practice, both regions were populated by Portuguese and Brazilian settlers. In 1801, the Badajoz treaty handed the Misiones (Missões) to the Portuguese; only the borders between modern Uruguay and Rio Grande do Sul remained in dispute.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cisplatine_War">Cisplatine War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cisplatine War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cisplatine_War" title="Cisplatine War">Cisplatine War</a></div> <p>The districts of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande had been separated in 1760 for military convenience, and in 1807 the latter was elevated to the category of a "capitania-geral", with the designation of "Sao Pedro do Rio Grande", independent of Rio de Janeiro, and with Santa Catarina as a dependency. In 1812 Rio Grande and Santa Catarina were organized into two distinct <a href="/wiki/Comarca" title="Comarca">comarcas</a>, the latter becoming an independent province in 1822 when the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Empire of Brazil</a> was organized. </p><p>In 1816, the Portuguese captured Uruguay, which became a Province of Brazil (Província Cisplatina). This situation outlasted Brazil's independence from Portugal in 1822; in 1825, however, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Antonio_Lavalleja" title="Juan Antonio Lavalleja">Juan Antonio Lavalleja</a> proclaimed the independence of Uruguay; war followed, until in 1828 Brazil recognized Uruguayan independence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Farroupilha_Revolution">Farroupilha Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Farroupilha Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Farroupilha_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Farroupilha Revolution">Farroupilha Revolution</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MuseuJulio11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/MuseuJulio11.jpg/220px-MuseuJulio11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/MuseuJulio11.jpg/330px-MuseuJulio11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/MuseuJulio11.jpg/440px-MuseuJulio11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Rebel cavalry during the <a href="/wiki/Ragamuffin_War" title="Ragamuffin War">Farroupilha Revolution</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luc%C3%ADlio_de_Albuquerque_-_Expedi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_%C3%A0_Laguna_(detalhe),_1916.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Luc%C3%ADlio_de_Albuquerque_-_Expedi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_%C3%A0_Laguna_%28detalhe%29%2C_1916.jpg/220px-Luc%C3%ADlio_de_Albuquerque_-_Expedi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_%C3%A0_Laguna_%28detalhe%29%2C_1916.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Luc%C3%ADlio_de_Albuquerque_-_Expedi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_%C3%A0_Laguna_%28detalhe%29%2C_1916.jpg/330px-Luc%C3%ADlio_de_Albuquerque_-_Expedi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_%C3%A0_Laguna_%28detalhe%29%2C_1916.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Luc%C3%ADlio_de_Albuquerque_-_Expedi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_%C3%A0_Laguna_%28detalhe%29%2C_1916.jpg/440px-Luc%C3%ADlio_de_Albuquerque_-_Expedi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_%C3%A0_Laguna_%28detalhe%29%2C_1916.jpg 2x" data-file-width="807" data-file-height="546" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a> leading the Riograndense navy to Laguna. Painting by <a href="/wiki/Luc%C3%ADlio_de_Albuquerque" title="Lucílio de Albuquerque">Lucílio de Albuquerque</a>, 1916.</figcaption></figure> <p>Populating Rio Grande do Sul was a constant concern of the Portuguese. To that end, the metropolitan Crown distributed land in the form of enormous <a href="/wiki/Latifundia" class="mw-redirect" title="Latifundia">latifundia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In those large latifundia, cattle raising was the predominant economic activity. The Guaranis, under Jesuit rule, had started raising cattle in the Missões. The destruction of the Missões left astray immense herds, which went feral. Thus the newcomers from São Paulo and Santa Catarina settled by re-domesticating these feral herds, called "gado xucro".<sup id="cite_ref-Love,_Joseph_p._10_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Love,_Joseph_p._10-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Azorean settlers, on the other hand, mainly introduced wheat crops in much smaller properties. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, wheat was the main export product of Rio Grande do Sul.<sup id="cite_ref-Love,_Joseph_p._10_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Love,_Joseph_p._10-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Charque" class="mw-redirect" title="Charque">charqueadas</a> in the Southern coast, following the 1777 drought in <a href="/wiki/Cear%C3%A1" title="Ceará">Ceará</a>, opened new opportunities to husbandry, as from them on, instead of moving herds by land to São Paulo, cattle could be sold in the relatively nearby region of Pelotas, to be slaughtered and processed there, and further transported by sea to Santos, Rio de Janeiro, and other Brazilian harbours. The cheap jerky was commonly used as food for the enslaved laborers in other parts of Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Up to 1830, political unrest in Argentina and Uruguay favoured the jerky producers of Pelotas. But with order restored in these countries, competition by Argentinian and Uruguayan jerky producers became a concern. The jerky industry of the Plata was favored by the superior quality of Argentinian and Uruguayan pastures, by their better seaports,<sup id="cite_ref-Love,_Joseph_p._11_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Love,_Joseph_p._11-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by their use of free labor, instead of slavery.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Consequently, the regional elites soon started to demand customs protection for the gaúcho jerky against the product of the Rio de la Plata; on the failure of the Imperial government to address those concerns, political demands of greater autonomy, and ideas of a federal relationship towards the rest of Brazil were put forth.<sup id="cite_ref-Love,_Joseph_p._11_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Love,_Joseph_p._11-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These escalated into full rebellion in 1835. In 1834, the Imperial government issued an "<a href="/wiki/Ato_Adicional" class="mw-redirect" title="Ato Adicional">Ato Adicional</a>", allowing for elected Provincial legislative assemblies. The first gaúcha Legislative Assembly, inaugurated in April 1835, quickly confronted the Provincial President (appointed by the Regency on behalf of the Emperor, who was a minor). Rebellion broke out in the province on September 20, 1835; giving up hope of redress of the situation by the Imperial Government, the gaúchos proclaimed independence of the <a href="/wiki/Piratini_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Piratini Republic">Riograndense Republic</a> on September 11, 1836.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Farroupilha.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Farroupilha.jpg/220px-Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Farroupilha.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="325" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Farroupilha.jpg/330px-Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Farroupilha.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Farroupilha.jpg/440px-Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Farroupilha.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3074" data-file-height="4546" /></a><figcaption>Declaration of the Baron of Caxias announcing the end of the Revolution Farroupilha, 1845. <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_National_Archives" title="Brazilian National Archives">National Archives of Brazil</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The ensuing <a href="/wiki/Ragamuffin_War" title="Ragamuffin War">Farroupilha Revolution</a> (known locally as <i>Guerra dos Farrapos</i>) lasted ten years. The rebels stormed Porto Alegre, but were driven out from there in June 1836. From then on, the Empire was able to control most of the coastal region, achieving decisive strategic advantage from this. However, in 1839, the rebels were still able to invade Santa Catarina, where they proclaimed a <a href="/wiki/Juliana_Republic" title="Juliana Republic">Juliana Republic</a>, in a federal relationship with Rio Grande do Sul (during the Santa Catarina campaign, <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a> joined the rebels for a while before he returned to Europe and eventually became a hero in his native Italy). The Empire soon retook initiative, though, and from them on the rebels fought in the defensive.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1842, the Empire assigned a new Provincial governor and military commander, the Baron, later <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Caxias" class="mw-redirect" title="Duke of Caxias">Duke of Caxias</a>. The inability of the rebels to secure contact with the world through a seaport, the dwindling economy of the Province, combined with Caxias' superior capabilities as military commander, led to the fall, in 1843, of important rebel strongholds, <a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%A7apava_do_Sul" title="Caçapava do Sul">Caçapava do Sul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bag%C3%A9" title="Bagé">Bagé</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Alegrete" title="Alegrete">Alegrete</a>. Economically exhausted and militarily defeated, the rebels accepted Caxias' terms of surrender. A general amnesty was declared, the rebellious officials were incorporated into the Imperial Army, slaves enrolled in the rebel Army were freed. Additionally, the Empire imposed a 25% tax on foreign jerky imports.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The province suffered greatly in the struggle, but recovered quickly, not only due to the import tax protection, but mainly due to renewed instability in Argentina and Uruguay: Rosas' government in Argentina continually interfered in Uruguayan affairs until 1851, and Buenos Aires was blockaded by the French and the English from 1845 to 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conflicts_with_neighbouring_countries">Conflicts with neighbouring countries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Conflicts with neighbouring countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At mid-19th century, Rio Grande do Sul was repeatedly involved in war between Brazil and its neighbours. Those included war against Argentina and Uruguay (deposal of <a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Rosas" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Manuel Rosas">Juan Manuel Rosas</a>, Argentinian dictator, and <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Ceferino_Oribe_y_Viana" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel Ceferino Oribe y Viana">Manuel Ceferino Oribe y Viana</a>, Uruguayan president, 1852) and intervention in Uruguay (deposal of <a href="/wiki/Atanasio_Cruz_Aguirre" class="mw-redirect" title="Atanasio Cruz Aguirre">Atanasio Cruz Aguirre</a>, 1864). This, in turn, led to Paraguayan intervention, and the <a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_War" title="Paraguayan War">Paraguayan War</a>, known in Portuguese as Guerra do Paraguai. </p><p>In the war against Rosas, 75% of the Brazilian troops were <a href="/wiki/Gauchos" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauchos">gaúchos</a>. As the only Brazilian boundaries actually facing foreign armies able to project the Empire's power, Rio Grande do Sul and its gaúchos quickly developed a reputation as soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paraguayan_War">Paraguayan War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Paraguayan War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mapa_Prov%C3%ADncia_de_S%C3%A3o_Pedro_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul,_atual_Estado_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mapa_Prov%C3%ADncia_de_S%C3%A3o_Pedro_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul%2C_atual_Estado_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Mapa_Prov%C3%ADncia_de_S%C3%A3o_Pedro_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul%2C_atual_Estado_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mapa_Prov%C3%ADncia_de_S%C3%A3o_Pedro_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul%2C_atual_Estado_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Mapa_Prov%C3%ADncia_de_S%C3%A3o_Pedro_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul%2C_atual_Estado_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Mapa_Prov%C3%ADncia_de_S%C3%A3o_Pedro_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul%2C_atual_Estado_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Mapa_Prov%C3%ADncia_de_S%C3%A3o_Pedro_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul%2C_atual_Estado_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9260" data-file-height="6816" /></a><figcaption>Map of Rio Grande do Sul in 1877 during the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Empire of Brazil</a>. <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_National_Archives" title="Brazilian National Archives">National Archives of Brazil</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Escola_alem%C3%A3_em_Estrela.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Escola_alem%C3%A3_em_Estrela.jpg/220px-Escola_alem%C3%A3_em_Estrela.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Escola_alem%C3%A3_em_Estrela.jpg/330px-Escola_alem%C3%A3_em_Estrela.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Escola_alem%C3%A3_em_Estrela.jpg/440px-Escola_alem%C3%A3_em_Estrela.jpg 2x" data-file-width="956" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption>A German school in <a href="/wiki/Estrela,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Estrela, Rio Grande do Sul">Estrela</a>, 1866.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CasaDeItaloMassotti.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/CasaDeItaloMassotti.jpg/220px-CasaDeItaloMassotti.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/CasaDeItaloMassotti.jpg/330px-CasaDeItaloMassotti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/CasaDeItaloMassotti.jpg/440px-CasaDeItaloMassotti.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="564" /></a><figcaption>Italian immigrants in Rio Grande do Sul, late 19th century.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_War" title="Paraguayan War">Paraguayan War</a></div> <p>During this long and bloody war against Paraguay, Rio Grande do Sul remained usually a secondary front. But in 1865 a Paraguayan division invaded the state, occupying <a href="/wiki/Uruguaiana" title="Uruguaiana">Uruguaiana</a> by August 5. By August 16, troops of the Triple Alliance put siege to Uruguaiana, and by September 17, an ultimatum was delivered to General Estigarribia, commander of the Paraguayan division. Having no possibility of breaking the siege or defending the position, the Paraguayans surrendered, under conditions, the following day.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>But if the territory of Rio Grande do Sul was spared most action, its dwellers provided a very significant part of the Brazilian troops: about 34,000 soldiers, more than 25% of the Brazilian army. This military characteristic of Rio Grande do Sul lasted long after the Paraguayan War: In 1879, of a standing army of less than 15,000, more than 5,000 were in Rio Grande do Sul. On the other hand, during the late Empire, more Brazilian generals were from Rio Grande do Sul than from any other province. In 1889, of 25 generals born in Brazil, four were from Rio Grande do Sul; and of the three born abroad, two were born in Uruguay but made their careers in Rio Grande do Sul.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_Empire">Late Empire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Late Empire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Evangelic_School_Hamburgo_Velho.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Evangelic_School_Hamburgo_Velho.jpg/220px-Evangelic_School_Hamburgo_Velho.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Evangelic_School_Hamburgo_Velho.jpg/330px-Evangelic_School_Hamburgo_Velho.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Evangelic_School_Hamburgo_Velho.jpg/440px-Evangelic_School_Hamburgo_Velho.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3414" data-file-height="2430" /></a><figcaption>A German Protestant school for girls in <a href="/wiki/Novo_Hamburgo" title="Novo Hamburgo">Novo Hamburgo</a>, 1886.</figcaption></figure> <p>Political agitation was frequent in Rio Grande do Sul, but no important revolution occurred after the Ponche Verde Treaty in 1845 until the presidency at Rio de Janeiro of General <a href="/wiki/Floriano_Peixoto" title="Floriano Peixoto">Floriano Peixoto</a>, whose ill-considered interference with state governments led to the revolt of 1892–94, under <a href="/wiki/Gumercindo_Saraiva" title="Gumercindo Saraiva">Gumercindo Saraiva</a>. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Paraguayan_War" title="Paraguayan War">Paraguayan War</a>, Rio Grande do Sul underwent important changes in its economy. Railways connected the countryside to Porto Alegre and Rio Grande. Together with the introduction of steam ships, this reduced the costs and duration of transportation, facilitating the province's exports. New cattle breeds were introduced, and barbed wire was used to demarcate properties.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a consequence, the population of the province doubled between 1872 and 1890, from 434,813 inhabitants to 897,455.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was partly due to immigration: about 60,000 immigrants, mostly from Italy, and, in lesser numbers, from Germany, came to Rio Grande do Sul during this period. Most of the Italians settled in the Serra Gaúcha, and most of the Germans in the valleys of the Jacuí, Sinos, and Caí, as small landed proprietors, and agricultural producers. In the area of German settlements, a messianic movement, the <a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_the_Muckers" title="Revolt of the Muckers">Muckers</a> (German for False Saints) erupted in 1874, and was smashed by the Brazilian Army.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Also during this period, the Liberal Party established its hegemony over the province, meaning control of the provincial legislature, the National Guard in Rio Grande do Sul, and most of the municipal governments. Before the War of the Triple Alliance, the Conservative and Liberal parties had alternated in local power, following the national tendency. But, from 1872 on, the Liberals, under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_da_Silveira_Martins" title="Gaspar da Silveira Martins">Gaspar da Silveira Martins</a>, were able to retain provincial power, even when the Conservatives won at national level.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1893_Revolution">1893 Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 1893 Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In this struggle the revolutionaries occupied Santa Catarina and Paraná, capturing <a href="/wiki/Curitiba" title="Curitiba">Curitiba</a>, but were eventually overthrown through their inability to obtain munitions of war. An incident in this struggle was the death of Admiral <a href="/wiki/Saldanha_da_Gama" title="Saldanha da Gama">Saldanha da Gama</a>, one of the most brilliant officers of the Brazilian navy and one of the chiefs of the naval revolt of 1893–94, who was killed in a skirmish on the Uruguayan border towards the end of the conflict. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1923_Revolution">1923 Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 1923 Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1923, civil war again exploded between supporters of State President Borges de Medeiros and opposition linked to the Partido Libertador and <a href="/wiki/Joaquim_Francisco_de_Assis_Brasil" title="Joaquim Francisco de Assis Brasil">Assis Brasil</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1930_Revolution">1930 Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 1930 Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1930, State President <a href="/wiki/Get%C3%BAlio_Vargas" title="Getúlio Vargas">Getúlio Vargas</a>, after unsuccessfully running in the presidential elections against the candidate of São Paulo, Júlio Prestes, led a revolt against the Federal government, and succeeded in overthrowing it. This eventually led to the Vargas dictatorship in 1937 and the period known as the <a href="/wiki/Estado_Novo_(Brazil)" title="Estado Novo (Brazil)">Estado Novo</a>. What is now the <a href="/wiki/Military_Brigade_of_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Military Brigade of Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande do Sul Military Brigade</a> fought on the side of the state leadership and, as a result, was never reformed. In fact, the Brigade remains the only state militia in Brazil. (The Military Police is the federal force that polices in the other states.) A poignant example of the Brigade's quasi-autonomy is the participation of its servicemen in both the coup attempt of 1961 and the military coup in 1964. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1261442011">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1872</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">434,813</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1890</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">897,455</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+106.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1900</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,149,070</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+28.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1920</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">2,182,713</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+90.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1940</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">3,320,689</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+52.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1950</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,164,821</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+25.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1960</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,448,823</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+30.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,755,458</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+24.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1980</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,942,722</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+17.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">9,135,479</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+15.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2000</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,187,842</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+11.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,693,929</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2022</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,882,965</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.8%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source:<sup id="cite_ref-census2022_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palacete_Eberle.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Palacete_Eberle.JPG/220px-Palacete_Eberle.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Palacete_Eberle.JPG/330px-Palacete_Eberle.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Palacete_Eberle.JPG/440px-Palacete_Eberle.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>A 19th-century house built by <a href="/wiki/Italo-Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Italo-Brazilian">Italian</a> immigrants in <a href="/wiki/Caxias_do_Sul" title="Caxias do Sul">Caxias do Sul</a></figcaption></figure> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Institute_of_Geography_and_Statistics" title="Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics">IBGE</a> of 2022, there were 10,882,965 people residing in the state. The population density was 38.63 inhabitants per square kilometre (100.1/sq mi). </p><p>Urbanization: 81% (2004); population growth: 1.2% (1991–2000); houses: 3,464,544 (2005).<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The last 2022 census counted 8,534,229 <a href="/wiki/White_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="White Brazilian">white</a> people (78.4%), 1,596,357 <a href="/wiki/Pardo_Brazilians" title="Pardo Brazilians">brown</a> (<a href="/wiki/Multiracial#Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial">Multiracial</a>) people (14.7%), 709,837 <a href="/wiki/Afro-Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Brazilian">black</a> people (6.5%), 34,184 <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazil" title="Indigenous peoples in Brazil">Amerindian</a> people (0.3%), 8,158 <a href="/wiki/Asian_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian Brazilian">Asian</a> people (0.1%).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to a genetic study from 2013, Brazilians in Rio Grande do Sul have an average of 73% European, 14% African and 13% Amerindian ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups">Ethnic groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1277954990">.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:none;position:relative;width:100px;height:100px;border-radius:50%;background-color:yellowgreen;color:black;border:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie div{position:absolute;transform-origin:left bottom;background-color:#655;color:black;top:0;left:50%;width:50%;height:50%;border-radius:0 500%0 0}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie50{transform-origin:left center;height:100%;border-radius:0 100%100%0/50%}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie12-5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,100%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie5{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,32.49197%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie7{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,47.056428%0%,0 100%)}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie .pie1{clip-path:polygon(0%0%,6.2914667%0%,0 100%)}@supports(clip-path:circle(50%)){.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie{display:block}}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;gap:1em;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend{list-style-type:none!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend li{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:.5em}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend li span{display:block;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-legend li .l-color{border:1px solid var(--color-base,black);width:.8em;height:.8em;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb{display:flex}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-container{padding:.5em;padding-bottom:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .pie-thumb .smooth-pie-caption{margin-bottom:1em;font-size:94%}@media print{.mw-parser-output .smooth-pie-container{break-inside:avoid-page}}</style> <div class="pie-thumb thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="smooth-pie-container" style="width: min-content;flex-direction: column-reverse;"> <div class="smooth-pie-legend-container"><div class="smooth-pie-caption">Ethnicities of Rio Grande do Sul in 2022<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> <ol class="smooth-pie-legend"> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Blue;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/White_Brazilians" title="White Brazilians">White</a> (78.8%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Green;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Pardo" title="Pardo">Pardo</a></i> (mixed-race) (14%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Red;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Afro-Brazilians" title="Afro-Brazilians">Black</a> (6.1%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Yellow;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Asian_Brazilians" title="Asian Brazilians">Asian</a> (0.3%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Purple;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazil" title="Indigenous peoples in Brazil">Indigenous</a> (0.1%)</span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="smooth-pie" style="width:200px;height:200px;background:#FEFDFD;color:#000;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;" title="Other (0.70%)" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="pie50" style="background:Blue;color:#000" title="White (78.8%)"></div> <div class="pie50" style="background:Blue;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.288turn)" title="White (78.8%)"></div> <div class="pie12-5" style="background:Green;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.788turn)" title="''Pardo'' (mixed-race) (14%)"></div> <div class="pie12-5" style="background:Green;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.803turn)" title="''Pardo'' (mixed-race) (14%)"></div> <div class="pie5" style="background:Red;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.928turn)" title="Black (6.1%)"></div> <div class="pie5" style="background:Red;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.939turn)" title="Black (6.1%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.989turn); background:Yellow;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 1.88517887% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Asian (0.3%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.992turn); background:Purple;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 0.62832680% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Indigenous (0.1%)"></div> </div> </div></div></div> <p>People of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Brazilian">Portuguese</a> – mostly <a href="/wiki/Azorean_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Azorean people">Azorean</a> – background predominate in the coastal region. The Southwest, on the other hand, was originally populated by Pampeano Indians.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the other <a href="/wiki/Gaucho" title="Gaucho">Gauchos</a> from the <a href="/wiki/La_Plata_Basin" class="mw-redirect" title="La Plata Basin">La Plata Basin</a> the population there was a result from the mixture of Spanish and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> men with Amerindian women with a possible predominant Spanish ancestry and also a significant African contribution,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> resulting in a population that is 81.20% White.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These theoretical speculations about Spanish predominance among the population of Southwestern Rio Grande do Sul are widely presumed, but they contradict the historical knowledge about the region. In fact, there was always some Spanish colonial presence there, however in practice restricted to Jesuit religious initiatives towards the Amerindian populations, which had limited genetic impact in the demographic composition of aboriginal populations. On the other hand, it is broadly accepted that it is northern Uruguay that always has had an important Luso-Brazilian influence,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which in fact impacts to this day the mixed Spanish-Portuguese language of northern Uruguay along the border with Brazil (borderlands).<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pedro_Weing%C3%A4rtner_-_KERB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pedro_Weing%C3%A4rtner_-_KERB.jpg/220px-Pedro_Weing%C3%A4rtner_-_KERB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pedro_Weing%C3%A4rtner_-_KERB.jpg/330px-Pedro_Weing%C3%A4rtner_-_KERB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pedro_Weing%C3%A4rtner_-_KERB.jpg/440px-Pedro_Weing%C3%A4rtner_-_KERB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1181" /></a><figcaption><i>Kerb</i> by <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Weing%C3%A4rtner" title="Pedro Weingärtner">Pedro Weingärtner</a>, 1892. The work portrays a typical German festival in a rural community.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nova_Petr%C3%B3polis_-_Parque_Aldeia_do_Imigrante_-_panoramio_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nova_Petr%C3%B3polis_-_Parque_Aldeia_do_Imigrante_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/220px-Nova_Petr%C3%B3polis_-_Parque_Aldeia_do_Imigrante_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nova_Petr%C3%B3polis_-_Parque_Aldeia_do_Imigrante_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/330px-Nova_Petr%C3%B3polis_-_Parque_Aldeia_do_Imigrante_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Nova_Petr%C3%B3polis_-_Parque_Aldeia_do_Imigrante_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg/440px-Nova_Petr%C3%B3polis_-_Parque_Aldeia_do_Imigrante_-_panoramio_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/German_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="German Brazilian">German</a> architecture in <a href="/wiki/Nova_Petr%C3%B3polis" title="Nova Petrópolis">Nova Petrópolis</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>People of <a href="/wiki/German-Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="German-Brazilian">German</a> descent predominate in the Sinos Valley (<a href="/wiki/Novo_Hamburgo" title="Novo Hamburgo">Novo Hamburgo</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Leopoldo" title="São Leopoldo">São Leopoldo</a>, Nova Hartz, Dois Irmãos, Morro Reuter, etc.) and in the center-eastern part of the State (<a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_do_Sul" title="Santa Cruz do Sul">Santa Cruz do Sul</a>). People of <a href="/wiki/Italo-Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Italo-Brazilian">Italian</a> descent predominate in the mountains (<a href="/wiki/Serra_Ga%C3%BAcha" title="Serra Gaúcha">Serra Gaúcha</a>: <a href="/wiki/Caxias_do_Sul" title="Caxias do Sul">Caxias do Sul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bento_Gon%C3%A7alves,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul">Bento Gonçalves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farroupilha" title="Farroupilha">Farroupilha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garibaldi,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Garibaldi, Rio Grande do Sul">Garibaldi</a>, etc.). The Northern and Northwestern parts of the State also have significant numbers of people of both Italian and German descent. There are sizeable communities of <a href="/wiki/Polish_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Brazilian">Poles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a> across the state, notably in the northwest. People of <a href="/wiki/Afro-Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Brazilian">African</a> ancestry are concentrated in the capital city and in some cities in the litoral, such as <a href="/wiki/Pelotas" title="Pelotas">Pelotas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Argentine demographer Miguel Ángel García, Italian immigrants were 60% of the total immigration to Rio Grande do Sul<sup id="cite_ref-immigrazione-altoadige.net_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-immigrazione-altoadige.net-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and according to French historian Jean Roche as of 1950 people of German descent made up 21.6% of the state's population.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Largo_dos_a%C3%A7orianos_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Largo_dos_a%C3%A7orianos_2.jpg/220px-Largo_dos_a%C3%A7orianos_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Largo_dos_a%C3%A7orianos_2.jpg/330px-Largo_dos_a%C3%A7orianos_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Largo_dos_a%C3%A7orianos_2.jpg/440px-Largo_dos_a%C3%A7orianos_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Monument in <a href="/wiki/Porto_Alegre" title="Porto Alegre">Porto Alegre</a> to honor the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azorean</a> immigrants</figcaption></figure> <p>The region that is now Rio Grande do Sul was originally settled by <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazil" title="Indigenous peoples in Brazil">Amerindian</a> peoples, mostly <a href="/wiki/Guarani_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Guarani people">Guaraní</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaingang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaingang people">Kaingangs</a> and, to a lesser extent, <a href="/wiki/Charr%C3%BAa" title="Charrúa">Charrúas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minuane" title="Minuane">Minuanes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> European presence in the region started in 1627 with Spanish <a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a>. The Jesuits established <a href="/wiki/Indian_Reductions" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Reductions">Indian Reductions</a> in the region; those reductions where populated exclusively by Amerindians, mainly Guarani, and certainly not by Europeans, either Spanish or Portuguese. <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese Brazilian">Portuguese</a> Jesuits established <a href="/wiki/Indian_Reductions" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Reductions">Indian Reductions</a> in 1687 and dominated the region.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Most of the Indians of the region became <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholics</a> and went to live among the Jesuits. These reductions were destroyed by the <a href="/wiki/Bandeirante" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandeirante">Bandeirantes</a> from <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a> in the 18th century, who wanted to enslave the Indians. The Portuguese settlement in Rio Grande do Sul was largely increased between 1748 and 1756, with the arrival of two thousand immigrants from the <a href="/wiki/Azores_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Azores Islands">Azores Islands</a>, Portugal. They settled many parts of the state, including the nowadays capital, <a href="/wiki/Porto_Alegre" title="Porto Alegre">Porto Alegre</a>. <a href="/wiki/Afro-Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Brazilian">Blacks</a> were 50 percent of Rio Grande do Sul's population in 1822. This proportion decreased to 25 percent in 1858 and to only 5.2 percent in 2005. Most of them were brought from <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> to work as <a href="/wiki/Slave" class="mw-redirect" title="Slave">slaves</a> in the charqueadas. </p><p><a href="/wiki/German-Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="German-Brazilian">German immigrants</a> first arrived to Southern Brazil in 1824. They were attracted to Brazil to protect the country from invasions of the neighboring countries and to populate the empty interior of the southern region. The first city to be settled by them was <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Leopoldo" title="São Leopoldo">São Leopoldo</a>. In the next five decades, around 28 thousand Germans were brought to the region to work as small farmers in the countryside.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Italo_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Italo Brazilian">Italian immigrants</a> started arriving in Rio Grande do Sul in 1875. They were mostly poor peasants from <a href="/wiki/Trentino" title="Trentino">Trentino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_Italy" title="Northern Italy">Northern Italy</a>, who were attracted to Southern Brazil to get their own farms. Italian immigration to the region lasted until 1914, with a total of 100,000 Italians settling there in this period. Most of the immigrants worked as small farmers, mainly cultivating grapes in the <a href="/wiki/Serra_Ga%C3%BAcha" title="Serra Gaúcha">Serra Gaúcha</a> part of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other European immigrants migrated to Rio Grande do Sul, mostly from Eastern Europe. The <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Colonization_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Colonization Association">Jewish Colonization Association</a> assisted Russian-Jewish immigrants to settle on agricultural land in the state. A memoir of one such immigrant community, <i>Filipson, Memórias da primeira colônia judaica no Rio Grande do Sul</i> (<i>Filipson: Memories of the First Jewish Colony in Rio Grande do Sul</i>), was published by <a href="/wiki/Frida_Alexandr" title="Frida Alexandr">Frida Alexandr</a> in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-jwa_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jwa-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gramado_RS_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Gramado_RS_2022.jpg/220px-Gramado_RS_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Gramado_RS_2022.jpg/330px-Gramado_RS_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Gramado_RS_2022.jpg/440px-Gramado_RS_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>The town of <a href="/wiki/Gramado" title="Gramado">Gramado</a> has occasional snowfalls.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catedral_Angelopolitana2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Catedral_Angelopolitana2.jpg/220px-Catedral_Angelopolitana2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Catedral_Angelopolitana2.jpg/330px-Catedral_Angelopolitana2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Catedral_Angelopolitana2.jpg/440px-Catedral_Angelopolitana2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1463" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Guardian_Angel_Cathedral,_Santo_%C3%82ngelo" title="Guardian Angel Cathedral, Santo Ângelo">Guardian Angel Cathedral</a> in Santo Ângelo.</figcaption></figure> <p>European genomic ancestry predominates throughout Brazil at 80%, except for the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Region,_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Region, Brazil">Southern Region</a> (which includes Rio Grande do Sul), where it reaches 90%. "A new portrayal of each ethnicity contribution to the DNA of Brazilians, obtained with samples from the five regions of the country, has indicated that, on average, European ancestors are responsible for nearly 80% of the genetic heritage of the population. The variation between the regions is small, with the possible exception of the South, where the European contribution reaches nearly 90%. The results, published by the scientific magazine 'American Journal of Human Biology' by a team of the Catholic University of Brasília, show that, in Brazil, physical indicators such as skin colour, colour of the eyes and colour of the hair have little to do with the genetic ancestry of each person, which has been shown in previous studies".<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2013, there were fewer than 30,000 <a href="/wiki/Nisei" title="Nisei">Nisei</a> in Rio Grande do Sul. Japanese immigrant families from <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_State" class="mw-redirect" title="São Paulo State">São Paulo State</a> began arriving in Rio Grande do Sul in the 1930s. In 1956, the first 23 official immigrants came to the state, and 26 families arrived at Rio Grande in the years from 1956 through 1963. In 2013, Peter B. Clarke, author of <i>Japanese New Religions in Global Perspective</i>, wrote that "Nowadays we cannot speak of a Japanese colony in RS."<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Largest_cities">Largest cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Largest cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"><span style="font-size:110%;">Largest cities or towns in Rio Grande do Sul</span><br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">(2019 estimative of <a href="/wiki/Instituto_Brasileiro_de_Geografia_e_Estat%C3%ADstica" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística">Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-IBGE_2019_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBGE_2019-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th>Rank </th> <th> </th> <th>Pop.</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Porto_Alegre_vista_do_shopping_Pontal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Porto Alegre"><img alt="Porto Alegre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Porto_Alegre_vista_do_shopping_Pontal.jpg/120px-Porto_Alegre_vista_do_shopping_Pontal.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Porto_Alegre_vista_do_shopping_Pontal.jpg/180px-Porto_Alegre_vista_do_shopping_Pontal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Porto_Alegre_vista_do_shopping_Pontal.jpg/240px-Porto_Alegre_vista_do_shopping_Pontal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2622" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Porto_Alegre" title="Porto Alegre">Porto Alegre</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prefeituracamara.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Caxias do Sul"><img alt="Caxias do Sul" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Prefeituracamara.jpg/120px-Prefeituracamara.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Prefeituracamara.jpg/180px-Prefeituracamara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Prefeituracamara.jpg/240px-Prefeituracamara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Caxias_do_Sul" title="Caxias do Sul">Caxias do Sul</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Porto_Alegre" title="Porto Alegre">Porto Alegre</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,483,771</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Alvorada" title="Alvorada">Alvorada</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">210,305 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Centro-Pelotas.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Pelotas"><img alt="Pelotas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Centro-Pelotas.JPG/120px-Centro-Pelotas.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Centro-Pelotas.JPG/180px-Centro-Pelotas.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Centro-Pelotas.JPG/240px-Centro-Pelotas.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Pelotas" title="Pelotas">Pelotas</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canoas-RS_Brazil_(38924345904).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Canoas"><img alt="Canoas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Canoas-RS_Brazil_%2838924345904%29.jpg/120px-Canoas-RS_Brazil_%2838924345904%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Canoas-RS_Brazil_%2838924345904%29.jpg/180px-Canoas-RS_Brazil_%2838924345904%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Canoas-RS_Brazil_%2838924345904%29.jpg/240px-Canoas-RS_Brazil_%2838924345904%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4511" data-file-height="3144" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Canoas" title="Canoas">Canoas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Caxias_do_Sul" title="Caxias do Sul">Caxias do Sul</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">510,906</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Passo_Fundo" title="Passo Fundo">Passo Fundo</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">203,275 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pelotas" title="Pelotas">Pelotas</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">342,405</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sapucaia_do_Sul" title="Sapucaia do Sul">Sapucaia do Sul</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">141,075 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Canoas" title="Canoas">Canoas</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">346,616</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Uruguaiana" title="Uruguaiana">Uruguaiana</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">126,970 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul">Santa Maria</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">282,123</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_do_Sul" title="Santa Cruz do Sul">Santa Cruz do Sul</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">130,416 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Gravata%C3%AD" title="Gravataí">Gravataí</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">281,519</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cachoeirinha" title="Cachoeirinha">Cachoeirinha</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">130,293 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Viam%C3%A3o" title="Viamão">Viamão</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">255,224</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bag%C3%A9" title="Bagé">Bagé</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">121,143 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Novo_Hamburgo" title="Novo Hamburgo">Novo Hamburgo</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">246,748</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bento_Gon%C3%A7alves,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul">Bento Gonçalves</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">120,454 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Leopoldo" title="São Leopoldo">São Leopoldo</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">236,835</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Erechim" title="Erechim">Erechim</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">105,862 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">211,005</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Gua%C3%ADba" title="Guaíba">Guaíba</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">98,143 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1277954990" /> <div class="pie-thumb thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="smooth-pie-container" style="width: min-content;flex-direction: column-reverse;"> <div class="smooth-pie-legend-container"><div class="smooth-pie-caption">Religion in Rio Grande do Sul (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-Religion1_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Religion1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Religion2_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Religion2-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> <ol class="smooth-pie-legend"> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Gold;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> (68.8%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Indigo;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> (18.3%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Skyblue;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label"><a href="/wiki/Espiritismo" title="Espiritismo">Spiritism</a> (0.8%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:Chartreuse;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">Other religions (4.4%)</span></li> <li><span class="l-color" style="-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;background:White;color:#000"></span><span class="l-label">Irreligious (5.3%)</span></li> </ol> </div> <div class="smooth-pie" style="width:200px;height:200px;background:#FEFDFD;color:#000;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;" title="Other (2.40%)" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="pie50" style="background:Gold;color:#000" title="Catholic Church (68.8%)"></div> <div class="pie50" style="background:Gold;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.188turn)" title="Catholic Church (68.8%)"></div> <div class="pie12-5" style="background:Indigo;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.688turn)" title="Protestantism (18.3%)"></div> <div class="pie12-5" style="background:Indigo;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.746turn)" title="Protestantism (18.3%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.871turn); background:Skyblue;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 5.03078592% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Spiritism (0.8%)"></div> <div style="transform: rotate(0.879turn); background:Chartreuse;color:#000; clip-path: polygon(0% 0%, 28.37256594% 0%, 0 100%)" title="Other religions (4.4%)"></div> <div class="pie5" style="background:White;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.923turn)" title="Irreligious (5.3%)"></div> <div class="pie5" style="background:White;color:#000; transform: rotate(0.926turn)" title="Irreligious (5.3%)"></div> </div> </div></div></div> <p>According to the 2010 Brazilian Census, most of the population (68.8%) is <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>, other religious groups include <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestants</a> or evangelicals (18.3%), Spiritists (0.8%), Nones 5.3%, and people with other religions (4.4).<sup id="cite_ref-Religion1_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Religion1-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Religion2_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Religion2-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:458px;max-width:458px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:227px;max-width:227px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hospital_de_Cl%C3%ADnicas_PMPA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Hospital_de_Cl%C3%ADnicas_PMPA.jpg/225px-Hospital_de_Cl%C3%ADnicas_PMPA.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Hospital_de_Cl%C3%ADnicas_PMPA.jpg/338px-Hospital_de_Cl%C3%ADnicas_PMPA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Hospital_de_Cl%C3%ADnicas_PMPA.jpg/450px-Hospital_de_Cl%C3%ADnicas_PMPA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="1395" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Universidade_Federal_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul">Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul</a> Hospital is a nationwide reference, it is located in the centre of Porto Alegre.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:227px;max-width:227px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Unisinos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/93/Unisinos.jpg/225px-Unisinos.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/93/Unisinos.jpg/338px-Unisinos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/93/Unisinos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="348" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Unisinos" title="Unisinos">Unisinos</a> University in São Leopoldo.</div></div></div></div></div> <p>There are more than 100 universities in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest public university is <a href="/wiki/UFRGS" class="mw-redirect" title="UFRGS">UFRGS</a> and the largest private one is <a href="/wiki/PUCRS" class="mw-redirect" title="PUCRS">PUCRS</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Porto_Alegre_-_Brazil_Landscape-Night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Porto_Alegre_-_Brazil_Landscape-Night.jpg/220px-Porto_Alegre_-_Brazil_Landscape-Night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Porto_Alegre_-_Brazil_Landscape-Night.jpg/330px-Porto_Alegre_-_Brazil_Landscape-Night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Porto_Alegre_-_Brazil_Landscape-Night.jpg/440px-Porto_Alegre_-_Brazil_Landscape-Night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5554" data-file-height="3117" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Porto_Alegre" title="Porto Alegre">Porto Alegre</a>, capital of Rio Grande do Sul, at night</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vinhos_salton_bento_goncalves.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Vinhos_salton_bento_goncalves.jpg/220px-Vinhos_salton_bento_goncalves.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Vinhos_salton_bento_goncalves.jpg/330px-Vinhos_salton_bento_goncalves.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Vinhos_salton_bento_goncalves.jpg/440px-Vinhos_salton_bento_goncalves.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption>A winery in Bento Gonçalves. Rio Grande do Sul is the biggest wine producer in Brazil.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carneiros_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Carneiros_2.JPG/220px-Carneiros_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Carneiros_2.JPG/330px-Carneiros_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Carneiros_2.JPG/440px-Carneiros_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1077" /></a><figcaption>Sheep farming in Rio Grande do Sul</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Planta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Soja_em_Novo_Barreiro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Planta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Soja_em_Novo_Barreiro.jpg/220px-Planta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Soja_em_Novo_Barreiro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Planta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Soja_em_Novo_Barreiro.jpg/330px-Planta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Soja_em_Novo_Barreiro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Planta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Soja_em_Novo_Barreiro.jpg/440px-Planta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Soja_em_Novo_Barreiro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2767" /></a><figcaption>Soybean plantation in Novo Barreiro.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Industrial_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial sector">industrial sector</a> is the largest component of GDP at 43%, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Service_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Service sector">service sector</a> at 41%. Agriculture represents 16% of GDP (2004). Rio Grande do Sul exports: footwear 18%, <a href="/wiki/Soybeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Soybeans">soybeans</a> 14%, tobacco 13.6%, vehicles 8%, frozen meat 7.2%, chemicals 6.8%, and leather 5% (2002). </p><p>Share of the Brazilian economy: 7% (2005). </p><p>One of the most prosperous Brazilian states, Rio Grande do Sul is known especially for its grain production, <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_wine" title="Brazilian wine">viticulture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ranching" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranching">ranching</a>, and for its considerable industrial output. </p><p>In 1827, emigrants from Idar-Oberstein discovered the world's most important <a href="/wiki/Agate" title="Agate">agate</a> deposit in Rio Grande do Sul. As early as 1834, the first delivery of agate from Rio Grande do Sul had been made to <a href="/wiki/Idar-Oberstein" title="Idar-Oberstein">Idar-Oberstein</a>. The Brazilian agate exhibited very even layers, much more even than those seen in the local agates. This made them especially good for making engraved gems. </p><p>In agriculture, the state stands out in the production of <a href="/wiki/Soybeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Soybeans">soybeans</a>, maize, wheat, rice, tobacco, grape, apple, <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yerba_mate" title="Yerba mate">yerba mate</a>, in addition to also producing <a href="/wiki/Oat" title="Oat">oat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>, orange, <a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">peach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_fig" class="mw-redirect" title="Common fig">fig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tangerine" title="Tangerine">tangerine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Persimmon" title="Persimmon">persimmon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Strawberry" title="Strawberry">strawberry</a>. </p><p>In 2020, the South Region produced 32% of the national total of cereals, vegetables and oilseeds. There were 77.2 million tons, second place in Brazil, losing only to the Midwest. Rio Grande do Sul (14.3%) was the 3rd largest producer in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rio Grande do Sul is the largest producer of rice in the country, with 70.5% of Brazil's production, close to 7.3 million tons in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-g1.globo.com_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-g1.globo.com-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also the largest producer of tobacco in Brazil, and is the largest exporter in the world. Brazil is the second largest producer in the world and leader in tobacco exports since the 1990s, with 98% of Brazilian production being carried out in the South Region.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The state is responsible for 90% of the national production of grapes, and produces 90% of the wine produced in the country, 85% of the sparkling wine, and 90% of the grape juice, mainly in the area of <a href="/wiki/Caxias_do_Sul" title="Caxias do Sul">Caxias do Sul</a> and surroundings: 664.2 thousand tons of grape in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Soy" class="mw-redirect" title="Soy">soy</a>, Rio Grande do Sul is the 3rd largest producer in the country, with about 16% of national production. It produced 19.3 million tons.<sup id="cite_ref-canalrural.com.br_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-canalrural.com.br-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, it was also 3rd largest producer of maize.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Produção_de_Milho_no_Nordeste_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Produção_de_Milho_no_Nordeste-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cidadeverde.com_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cidadeverde.com-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rio Grande do Sul is also the largest national producer of wheat, with 2.3 million tons in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br_51-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-economia.uol.com.br_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-economia.uol.com.br-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-abitrigo.com.br_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abitrigo.com.br-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The South Region is also the largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Oats" class="mw-redirect" title="Oats">oats</a> in Brazil. In 2019, national production was close to 800 thousand tons, being almost all carried out in the South (Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul).<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The three Southern States of the country are responsible for 95% of the national production of apple, and Santa Catarina appears at the top of the production list, disputing with Rio Grande do Sul. Rio Grande do Sul harvests 45% of Brazilian apples, and is the largest exporter of apples in the country. The region in the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Vacaria" title="Vacaria">Vacaria</a> is the highlight: it concentrates 88% of the state's production and 37% of the national production.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a> production, Brazil produced a total of 17.6 million tons in 2018. The state was the 4th largest producer in the country, with almost 1 million tons.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>About orange, Rio Grande do Sul was the 5th largest producer in Brazil in 2018, with a total of 367 thousand tons.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rio Grande do Sul is the largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Peaches" class="mw-redirect" title="Peaches">peaches</a> in Brazil, with half the volume harvested in Brazil in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also the largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Common_fig" class="mw-redirect" title="Common fig">fig</a> in the country, according to data from 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, Rio Grande do Sul was the 3rd largest producers of <a href="/wiki/Tangerine" title="Tangerine">tangerine</a> in Brazil. Rio Grande do Sul is also responsible for 19% of Brazil's <a href="/wiki/Persimmon" title="Persimmon">persimmon</a> production, being the 2nd largest national producer.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-revistacampoenegocios.com.br_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-revistacampoenegocios.com.br-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, in Brazil, there was a total production area of around 4 thousand hectares of <a href="/wiki/Strawberry" title="Strawberry">strawberry</a>. Rio Grande do Sul was the 3rd largest producer.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, Brazil produced about 900 thousand tons of <a href="/wiki/Yerba_mate" title="Yerba mate">yerba mate</a> annually. Paraná is the largest producer in volume and Rio Grande do Sul in plantation areas (and where the sector is more industrialized). According to 2017 data, Paraná harvested 301 thousand tons of yerba mate by extractive method, while Rio Grande do Sul harvested 17 thousand tons. On the other hand, while the gauchos harvested 302 thousand tons of planted grass, the Paraná harvested 237 thousand tons in this method. The productive potential of yerba mate is still little explored in Brazil, with a good part of the harvest carried out by the extractive system and with low levels of productivity. However, many new producers are adopting more professional and efficient production systems, with technical acuity of management and globalized market vision. This tends to increase Brazil's export of this product. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EXPOINTER_2013_10_Cattle.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/EXPOINTER_2013_10_Cattle.JPG/220px-EXPOINTER_2013_10_Cattle.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/EXPOINTER_2013_10_Cattle.JPG/330px-EXPOINTER_2013_10_Cattle.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/EXPOINTER_2013_10_Cattle.JPG/440px-EXPOINTER_2013_10_Cattle.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Expointer" title="Expointer">Expointer</a> in Esteio is considered the largest livestock show in Latin America.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2018, the state's cattle herd was 12.5 million head, 7th place in the country, 6.5% of Brazil's cattle herd.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, Rio Grande do Sul produced a total of 4.5 billion liters of milk, making it the third largest producer in the country, with 13.0% of the country's total.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Sheep_farming" title="Sheep farming">sheep farming</a>, in 2017 the South Region was the 2nd largest in the country, with 4.2 million heads. Rio Grande do Sul has 94% of the country's <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</a> production.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In pork, the 3 southern states are the largest producers in the country. Brazil had 41.1 million head in 2017. Rio Grande do Sul (14.6%) is the 3rd largest producer.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vineyards_in_Flores_da_Cunha.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Vineyards_in_Flores_da_Cunha.JPG/220px-Vineyards_in_Flores_da_Cunha.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Vineyards_in_Flores_da_Cunha.JPG/330px-Vineyards_in_Flores_da_Cunha.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Vineyards_in_Flores_da_Cunha.JPG/440px-Vineyards_in_Flores_da_Cunha.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>Vineyards in Flores da Cunha</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sede_Neugebauer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Sede_Neugebauer.jpg/220px-Sede_Neugebauer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Sede_Neugebauer.jpg/330px-Sede_Neugebauer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Sede_Neugebauer.jpg/440px-Sede_Neugebauer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>Neugebauer's headquarters in Arroio do Meio.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marcopolo_Paradiso_1800_DD_G7_Scania_2013_(10482823133).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Marcopolo_Paradiso_1800_DD_G7_Scania_2013_%2810482823133%29.jpg/220px-Marcopolo_Paradiso_1800_DD_G7_Scania_2013_%2810482823133%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Marcopolo_Paradiso_1800_DD_G7_Scania_2013_%2810482823133%29.jpg/330px-Marcopolo_Paradiso_1800_DD_G7_Scania_2013_%2810482823133%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Marcopolo_Paradiso_1800_DD_G7_Scania_2013_%2810482823133%29.jpg/440px-Marcopolo_Paradiso_1800_DD_G7_Scania_2013_%2810482823133%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3200" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Marcopolo S.A. is a global bus and coach manufacturer with headquarters in Caxias do Sul.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gerdau_em_Charqueadas.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Gerdau_em_Charqueadas.JPG/220px-Gerdau_em_Charqueadas.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Gerdau_em_Charqueadas.JPG/330px-Gerdau_em_Charqueadas.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Gerdau_em_Charqueadas.JPG/440px-Gerdau_em_Charqueadas.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gerdau" title="Gerdau">Gerdau</a> plant in Charqueadas</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cal%C3%A7ados_Beira_Rio.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Cal%C3%A7ados_Beira_Rio.JPG/220px-Cal%C3%A7ados_Beira_Rio.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Cal%C3%A7ados_Beira_Rio.JPG/330px-Cal%C3%A7ados_Beira_Rio.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Cal%C3%A7ados_Beira_Rio.JPG/440px-Cal%C3%A7ados_Beira_Rio.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption> Calçados Beira Rio, one of the biggest shoe factories in the country.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Brazilian poultry flock, in 2018, was of the order of 1.5 billion heads. In 2017, the main poultry producing states in Brazil were Paraná (25.3%), São Paulo (14.0%), and Rio Grande do Sul (11.0%). In terms of chickens, in 2017 there were 242.8 million heads in the country. Among the states that were the largest producers, São Paulo led with 21.9%, followed by Paraná (10.1%) and Rio Grande do Sul (8.8%).<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the production of chicken <a href="/wiki/Egg" title="Egg">eggs</a>, the state ranks fifth in Brazil, with 8% of national production. There were 354 million dozen in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The South region was the main producer of <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a> in the country in 2017, accounting for 39.7% of the national total. Rio Grande do Sul was the largest producer in the country, with 15.2%.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceC_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceC-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Regarding mining, the state is a major producer of gemstones. Brazil is the world's largest producer of <a href="/wiki/Amethyst" title="Amethyst">amethyst</a> and <a href="/wiki/Agate" title="Agate">agate</a>, and Rio Grande do Sul is the largest producer in the country. Agate has local extraction since 1830. The largest producer of amethyst in Brazil is the city of <a href="/wiki/Ametista_do_Sul" title="Ametista do Sul">Ametista do Sul</a>. This stone was very rare and expensive worldwide, until the discovery of large deposits in Brazil, causing its value to drop considerably. There is also some <a href="/wiki/Jasper" title="Jasper">jasper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Opal" title="Opal">opal</a> in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-Algumas_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Algumas-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:229px;max-width:229px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:227px;max-width:227px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:F%C3%A1brica_de_adubos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/F%C3%A1brica_de_adubos.jpg/225px-F%C3%A1brica_de_adubos.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/F%C3%A1brica_de_adubos.jpg/338px-F%C3%A1brica_de_adubos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/F%C3%A1brica_de_adubos.jpg/450px-F%C3%A1brica_de_adubos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5857" data-file-height="3894" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Fertilizer industry in Rio Grande</div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colheira_de_arroz_em_Mariana_Pimentel_002.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Colheira_de_arroz_em_Mariana_Pimentel_002.JPG/220px-Colheira_de_arroz_em_Mariana_Pimentel_002.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Colheira_de_arroz_em_Mariana_Pimentel_002.JPG/330px-Colheira_de_arroz_em_Mariana_Pimentel_002.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Colheira_de_arroz_em_Mariana_Pimentel_002.JPG/440px-Colheira_de_arroz_em_Mariana_Pimentel_002.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Rice farming in Mariana Pimentel</figcaption></figure> <p>About <a href="/wiki/Industrial_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial sector">industry</a>, Rio Grande do Sul had an industrial GDP of R$82.1 billion in 2017, equivalent to 6.9% of the national industry. It employs 762,045 workers in the industry. The main industrial sectors are: Construction (18.2%), Food (15.4%), Industrial Public Utility Services, such as Electricity and Water (9.8%), Chemicals (6.8%), and Machinery and Equipment (6.6%). These 5 sectors concentrate 56.8% of the state's industry.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Automotive" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive">automotive</a> sector, the state has a <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">GM</a> plant.<sup id="cite_ref-montadoras_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-montadoras-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The leather-footwear sector (<a href="/wiki/Footwear_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Footwear industry">Footwear industry</a>) stands out particularly in <a href="/wiki/Novo_Hamburgo" title="Novo Hamburgo">Novo Hamburgo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sapiranga" title="Sapiranga">Sapiranga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Campo_Bom" title="Campo Bom">Campo Bom</a>, and in virtually all other municipalities in Vale dos Sinos. in 2019 Brazil produced 972 million pairs. Exports were around 10%, reaching almost 125 million pairs. Brazil is in the 4th position among the world producers, behind China (who produces more than 10 billion pairs), India and Vietnam, and in 11th place among the biggest exporters. The largest pole of production in Brazil is located here. The Brazilian state that most exports the product is Rio Grande do Sul: in 2019 it exported US$448.35 million. The majority of the product goes to United States, <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> and France. Domestic consumption absorbs a large part of production. The state has or created some of the most important factories in Brazil in the sector.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Food_industry" title="Food industry">Food industry</a>, In 2019, Brazil was the 2nd largest exporter of processed foods in the world, with a value of U $34.1 billion in exports. The Brazilian food and beverage industry's revenue in 2019 was R $699.9 billion, 9.7% of the country's Gross Domestic Product. In 2015, the industrial food and beverage sector in Brazil comprised 34,800 companies (not counting bakeries), the vast majority of which were small. These companies employed more than 1,600,000 workers, making the food and beverage industry the largest employer in the manufacturing industry. There are around 570 large companies in Brazil, which concentrate a good part of the total industry revenue. Rio Grande do Sul created food companies of national importance such as the <a href="/wiki/Neugebauer" title="Neugebauer">Neugebauer</a> chocolate factory; Vinícola Aurora and Vinícola Salton, two of the largest wineries in the country. and Camil Alimentos, which owns the brand Açúcar União (the most famous sugar brand in the country), Arroz Carretero (one of the most famous rice brands in Brazil), among others.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mechanical and metallurgical industry also reach considerable expression, especially in <a href="/wiki/Porto_Alegre" title="Porto Alegre">Porto Alegre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novo_Hamburgo" title="Novo Hamburgo">Novo Hamburgo</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Leopoldo" title="São Leopoldo">São Leopoldo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canoas" title="Canoas">Canoas</a>, in addition to <a href="/wiki/Gravata%C3%AD" title="Gravataí">Gravataí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sapucaia_do_Sul" title="Sapucaia do Sul">Sapucaia do Sul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esteio" title="Esteio">Esteio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sapiranga" title="Sapiranga">Sapiranga</a>, which have large companies in the sector and which also belong to the Metropolitan Region of Porto Alegre . These centers are joined by São Jerônimo, which houses the Charqueadas steel plant. The steel mill Aços Finos Piratini is located in Charqueadas, which belongs to <a href="/wiki/Gerdau" title="Gerdau">Gerdau</a>. It is geared mainly to serve the automotive industry. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Metallurgical" class="mw-redirect" title="Metallurgical">metallurgical</a> business, the state has one of the most famous companies in the country, <a href="/wiki/Tramontina" title="Tramontina">Tramontina</a>, originally from Rio Grande do Sul and famous manufacturer of knives, pans, shovels and various utensils, which has more than 8,500 employees and 10 manufacturing units. Other famous companies in the state are <a href="/wiki/Marcopolo_S.A." title="Marcopolo S.A.">Marcopolo</a>, a manufacturer of bus bodies, which had a market value of R $2.782 billion in 2015, and Randon, a group of 9 companies specialized in solutions for the transportation, which brings together manufacturers of vehicles, auto parts, and road equipment – employs around 11,000 people and recorded gross sales in 2017 of R $4.2 billion. </p><p>Another industrial area is the so-called old colonization region, in which the municipalities of <a href="/wiki/Caxias_do_Sul" title="Caxias do Sul">Caxias do Sul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garibaldi,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Garibaldi, Rio Grande do Sul">Garibaldi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bento_Gon%C3%A7alves,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul">Bento Gonçalves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flores_da_Cunha" title="Flores da Cunha">Flores da Cunha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Farroupilha" title="Farroupilha">Farroupilha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_do_Sul" title="Santa Cruz do Sul">Santa Cruz do Sul</a> are integrated. The manufacturing activity is marked by the production of wine and processing of agropastoral products, such as leather, <a href="/wiki/Lard" title="Lard">lard</a>, maize, wheat and tobacco. </p><p>In the rest of the state there are several dispersed industrial centers, all linked to the processing of agropastoral raw materials. In this group, <a href="/wiki/Erechim" title="Erechim">Erechim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Passo_Fundo" title="Passo Fundo">Passo Fundo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul">Santa Maria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santana_do_Livramento" title="Santana do Livramento">Santana do Livramento</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ros%C3%A1rio_do_Sul" title="Rosário do Sul">Rosário do Sul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pelotas" title="Pelotas">Pelotas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bag%C3%A9" title="Bagé">Bagé</a> stand out. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Highways">Highways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Highways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="List of state highways in Rio Grande do Sul">List of state highways in Rio Grande do Sul</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BR-386_duplicada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/BR-386_duplicada.jpg/220px-BR-386_duplicada.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/BR-386_duplicada.jpg/330px-BR-386_duplicada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/BR-386_duplicada.jpg/440px-BR-386_duplicada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1119" data-file-height="789" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/BR-386" class="mw-redirect" title="BR-386">BR-386</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lajeado,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul">Lajeado</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rora1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Rora1.JPG/220px-Rora1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Rora1.JPG/330px-Rora1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Rora1.JPG/440px-Rora1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>BR-116 Highway in <a href="/wiki/Ivoti" title="Ivoti">Ivoti</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The state has 153,960 km of <a href="/wiki/Highway" title="Highway">highways</a>, under national, state or municipal jurisdiction. The main highways are: <a href="/wiki/BR-101" class="mw-redirect" title="BR-101">BR-101</a>, <a href="/wiki/BR-116" class="mw-redirect" title="BR-116">BR-116</a>, <a href="/wiki/BR-153" class="mw-redirect" title="BR-153">BR-153</a>, <a href="/wiki/BR-158" class="mw-redirect" title="BR-158">BR-158</a>, <a href="/wiki/BR-163" class="mw-redirect" title="BR-163">BR-163</a>, <a href="/wiki/BR-285" class="mw-redirect" title="BR-285">BR-285</a>, <a href="/wiki/BR-287" class="mw-redirect" title="BR-287">BR-287</a>, <a href="/wiki/BR-290" class="mw-redirect" title="BR-290">BR-290</a>, <a href="/wiki/BR-293" class="mw-redirect" title="BR-293">BR-293</a>, <a href="/wiki/BR-386" class="mw-redirect" title="BR-386">BR-386</a>, <a href="/wiki/BR-392" class="mw-redirect" title="BR-392">BR-392</a> and <a href="/wiki/BR-471" class="mw-redirect" title="BR-471">BR-471</a>. After decades of meager investments by successive State Governments, Rio Grande do Sul currently has a deficient road network and one of the worst in the southern half of the country: in 2020, there were still 54 cities without asphalt access (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina and Mato Grosso do Sul had 100% of cities with asphalt access at the same time, Paraná and Minas Gerais had almost 100%).<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The State also has few duplicated highways, roughly in the vicinity of the capital Porto Alegre, most of which belong to the Federal Government; despite the large number of state highways, the State Government did little in this field.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The situation only began to change in 2019, when the State carried out an economic and financial reorganization plan, and launched a specific program aimed at recovering and evolving the state's road network. This year, 62 municipalities still did not have access to asphalt: the project was to arrive in 2023 with 22 cities without access. Highway concessions held by Rio Grande do Sul, such as <a href="/wiki/BR-287" class="mw-redirect" title="BR-287">BR-287</a> and <a href="/wiki/BR-386" class="mw-redirect" title="BR-386">BR-386</a>, carried out at the same time, aim to double the granted portions of these highways by 2035.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, 211 km of the <a href="/wiki/BR-116" class="mw-redirect" title="BR-116">BR-116</a> between <a href="/wiki/Gua%C3%ADba" title="Guaíba">Guaíba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pelotas" title="Pelotas">Pelotas</a> are being duplicated, and in 2022 there were already 148 km duplicated.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ports">Ports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Ports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_110509-N-ZI300-107_Escanaba_(WMEC_907)_prepares_to_depart_Rio_Grande,_Brazil,_after_the_Atlantic_phase_closing_ceremonies_of_UNITAS_52.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/US_Navy_110509-N-ZI300-107_Escanaba_%28WMEC_907%29_prepares_to_depart_Rio_Grande%2C_Brazil%2C_after_the_Atlantic_phase_closing_ceremonies_of_UNITAS_52.jpg/220px-US_Navy_110509-N-ZI300-107_Escanaba_%28WMEC_907%29_prepares_to_depart_Rio_Grande%2C_Brazil%2C_after_the_Atlantic_phase_closing_ceremonies_of_UNITAS_52.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/US_Navy_110509-N-ZI300-107_Escanaba_%28WMEC_907%29_prepares_to_depart_Rio_Grande%2C_Brazil%2C_after_the_Atlantic_phase_closing_ceremonies_of_UNITAS_52.jpg/330px-US_Navy_110509-N-ZI300-107_Escanaba_%28WMEC_907%29_prepares_to_depart_Rio_Grande%2C_Brazil%2C_after_the_Atlantic_phase_closing_ceremonies_of_UNITAS_52.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/US_Navy_110509-N-ZI300-107_Escanaba_%28WMEC_907%29_prepares_to_depart_Rio_Grande%2C_Brazil%2C_after_the_Atlantic_phase_closing_ceremonies_of_UNITAS_52.jpg/440px-US_Navy_110509-N-ZI300-107_Escanaba_%28WMEC_907%29_prepares_to_depart_Rio_Grande%2C_Brazil%2C_after_the_Atlantic_phase_closing_ceremonies_of_UNITAS_52.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Rio_Grande" title="Port of Rio Grande">Port of Rio Grande</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Rio_Grande" title="Port of Rio Grande">Port of Rio Grande</a> is of great importance for <a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a>, and also the main point of multimodality in the state, causing part of the road and rail system to focus on the Port of Rio Grande. The main ports are: Port of Rio Grande, <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Porto_Alegre" title="Port of Porto Alegre">Port of Porto Alegre</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_of_Pelotas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Port of Pelotas (page does not exist)">Port of Pelotas</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Port_of_Estrela&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Port of Estrela (page does not exist)">Port of Estrela</a>. The port terminals of Rio Grande, Porto Alegre and Pelotas handled, in 2021, 47.6 million tons of cargo, 45.18 million in the Port of Rio Grande alone.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_airports">International airports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: International airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Porto_Alegre">Porto Alegre</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Porto Alegre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aeroporto_Salgado_Filho_de_Porto_Alegre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Aeroporto_Salgado_Filho_de_Porto_Alegre.jpg/220px-Aeroporto_Salgado_Filho_de_Porto_Alegre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Aeroporto_Salgado_Filho_de_Porto_Alegre.jpg/330px-Aeroporto_Salgado_Filho_de_Porto_Alegre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Aeroporto_Salgado_Filho_de_Porto_Alegre.jpg/440px-Aeroporto_Salgado_Filho_de_Porto_Alegre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3813" data-file-height="2485" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Salgado_Filho_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Salgado Filho International Airport">Salgado Filho International Airport</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>With 37.6 thousand square meters of constructed area and four levels, the passenger terminal at <a href="/wiki/Salgado_Filho_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Salgado Filho International Airport">Salgado Filho International Airport</a> can receive 28 large airplanes simultaneously. The terminal has 32 check-in counters, ten boarding bridges, nine <a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">elevators</a> and ten <a href="/wiki/Escalator" title="Escalator">escalators</a>. It has a totally automated aircraft movement control center and the main spaces are air conditioned. The apron, surfaced with prestressed concrete, can serve <a href="/wiki/Wide-body_aircraft" title="Wide-body aircraft">jumbo jets</a> like the <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> 747-400. The garage structure has eight levels, 44 thousand square meters and 1,440 parking spaces. Another terminal, with 15 thousand square meters and capacity for 1.5 million passengers a year, serves general, executive and third-tier aviation (conventional piston-engine and turboprop planes). <a href="/wiki/Porto_Alegre" title="Porto Alegre">Porto Alegre</a> Airport was the first one administered by <a href="/wiki/Infraero" title="Infraero">Infraero</a> to have integrated check-in. This service offers flexibility in use of terminal facilities and installations, enabling carriers to access their own data centers via shared-use computers from any <a href="/wiki/Check-in" title="Check-in">check-in</a> counter position. This makes it much easier to allocate counter space according to demand fluctuations, making for less idle space. The Aeroshopping area – a center for commerce and leisure – operates 24 hours a day with shops, <a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">services</a>, a food court, along with a triplex cinema, the first to be established at a Brazilian airport. Salgado Filho International Airport also has an air cargo terminal, built in 1974, with 9,500 thousand square meters of area and capacity to handle 1,500 tons of export cargo and 900 tons of imports each month. The average daily movement (arrivals and departures) is 174 aircraft, flying scheduled routes connecting Porto Alegre directly or indirectly to all the country's other major cities, as well as smaller cities in the interior of the states of the South Region and <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>. There are also international flights with direct connections to cities of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Cone" title="Southern Cone">Southern Cone</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pelotas">Pelotas</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Pelotas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Pelotas_International_Airport" title="Pelotas International Airport">Pelotas International Airport</a> is commonly used by the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Air_Force" title="Brazilian Air Force">Brazilian Air Force</a> as the last stop in Brazil on its flights to the <a href="/wiki/Comandante_Ferraz_Antarctic_Station" title="Comandante Ferraz Antarctic Station">Brazilian Antarctic Base</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bagé"><span id="Bag.C3.A9"></span>Bagé</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Bagé"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Comandante_Gustavo_Kraemer_Airport" title="Comandante Gustavo Kraemer Airport">Comandante Gustavo Kraemer Airport</a> opened on July 5, 1946. This airport came under <a href="/wiki/Infraero" title="Infraero">Infraero</a> administration on October 27, 1980. It is located on the rural outskirts of Bagé, 60 km (37 mi) from the Uruguayan border and 380 km (236 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Porto_Alegre" title="Porto Alegre">Porto Alegre</a>. Comandante Gustavo Kraemer Airport does not operate with scheduled commercial flights. There are two daily flights carrying bank pouches, as well as <a href="/wiki/Air_taxi" title="Air taxi">air taxi</a> services and <a href="/wiki/Executive_jet" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive jet">executive jets</a>. Most of the airport's users are businesspeople from the central part of Brazil who have interests in the region in breeding thoroughbred English and <a href="/wiki/Arabian_horses" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabian horses">Arabian horses</a>, cattle <a href="/wiki/Ranching" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranching">ranching</a>, fruit growing, wine making, wood pulp and power generation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Uruguaiana">Uruguaiana</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Uruguaiana"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Located on the border with <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> (across the <a href="/wiki/Uruguay_River" title="Uruguay River">Uruguay River</a> from the Argentine city of <a href="/wiki/Paso_de_los_Libres" title="Paso de los Libres">Paso de los Libres</a>), Uruguaiana is considered the major inland port in Latin America, thanks to its strategic position with the countries of <a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rubem_Berta_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubem Berta International Airport">Rubem Berta International Airport</a>, however, has only one flight, on <a href="/wiki/Azul_Brazilian_Airlines" title="Azul Brazilian Airlines">Azul Brazilian Airlines</a>, to Porto Alegre, – a situation <a href="/wiki/Infraero" title="Infraero">Infraero</a> intends to change, as was confirmed in an official visit to the airport in December 2004. </p><p> With more than 700 thousand square meters of constructed area, it is the largest airport in the interior of the state of Rio Grande do Sul.</p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trensurb_-_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_S%C3%A3o_Leopoldo_-_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Trensurb_-_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_S%C3%A3o_Leopoldo_-_01.jpg/220px-Trensurb_-_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_S%C3%A3o_Leopoldo_-_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Trensurb_-_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_S%C3%A3o_Leopoldo_-_01.jpg/330px-Trensurb_-_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_S%C3%A3o_Leopoldo_-_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Trensurb_-_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_S%C3%A3o_Leopoldo_-_01.jpg/440px-Trensurb_-_Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_S%C3%A3o_Leopoldo_-_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="639" /></a><figcaption>Great Porto Alegre Metro System in São Leopoldo</figcaption></figure> <p>There are two highways, BR-290 and BR-472, running near the airport, besides a railroad line about 2,500 meters from the terminal. Located 9 km (6 mi) from the city center, this airport is at an elevation of 78 meters and the average annual temperature is 20C, with a good deal of variation from summer to winter. Located 630 km (391 mi) from the state capital (<a href="/wiki/Porto_Alegre" title="Porto Alegre">Porto Alegre</a>), <a href="/wiki/Uruguaiana" title="Uruguaiana">Uruguaiana</a> was founded on May 29, 1746, and has a current population of 126,936. Farming and ranching are the main economic activities of the region, which has 1,509 rural properties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_airports">National airports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: National airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Caxias_do_Sul">Caxias do Sul</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Caxias do Sul"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Caxias_do_Sul_Airport" title="Caxias do Sul Airport">Hugo Cantergiani Airport</a> (CXJ/SBCX) serves a vast region of important economical and touristic counties in the vicinities of Caxias do Sul, totalling 34 municipalities in this area of the "Serra Gaúcha". It is located at an altitude of 754 m (2 474 ft) as has one concrete runway (15/33) with the length of 2 000 m (6 562 ft) although only 1.650 m are usable if landing on runway 15. It is served on a daily basis by GOL and Azul airlines linking Caxias do Sul to São Paulo. It is equipped with a VASIS visual approach aid and is also certified for IFR approaches. References to these informations are published in the Portuguese version of this site. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mirante_do_Morro_da_Borussia_-_Osorio_-_panoramio_(8).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Mirante_do_Morro_da_Borussia_-_Osorio_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg/220px-Mirante_do_Morro_da_Borussia_-_Osorio_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Mirante_do_Morro_da_Borussia_-_Osorio_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg/330px-Mirante_do_Morro_da_Borussia_-_Osorio_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Mirante_do_Morro_da_Borussia_-_Osorio_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg/440px-Mirante_do_Morro_da_Borussia_-_Osorio_-_panoramio_%288%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Os%C3%B3rio_wind_farm" title="Osório wind farm">Osório wind farm</a>, the largest wind power park in Latin America.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2021, Rio Grande do Sul had around 7.2 GW of installed electrical power, a relatively low number compared to the country's total, which was around 170 GW at the time. Of the total, 80.6% came from renewable sources - 49% corresponded to hydroelectric plants, 19.5% to wind energy and 8.2% to photovoltaic solar energy. The state has high potential for wind power installation due to the average wind speed being one of the highest in the country. There are currently several projects for new wind farms in progress, in addition to investments in the state's power transmission lines, which were limited. Most projects for offshore wind energy in Brazil, in 2021, were in Rio Grande do Sul, with installation scheduled for 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2022, Rio Grande do Sul was the 3rd Brazilian state with the most solar energy installed in the individual distributed micro generation modality.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The production of crude mineral <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a> in Brazil was 13.6 million tons in 2007. Santa Catarina produced 8.7 Mt (million tons); Rio Grande do Sul, 4.5 Mt; and Paraná, 0.4 Mt. Brazil has reserves of <a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">peat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lignite" title="Lignite">lignite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hard_coal" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard coal">hard coal</a>. Coal totals 32 billion tons of reserves and is mainly in Rio Grande do Sul (89.25% of the total). The Candiota Deposit (in Rio Grande do Sul) alone has 38% of all national coal. As it's a coal of inferior quality, it's used only in the generation of thermoelectric energy and at the site of the deposit. The oil crisis in the 1970s led the Brazilian government to create the Energy Mobilization Plan, with intense research to discover new coal reserves. The Geological Survey of Brazil, through works carried out in Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, greatly increased the reserves of coal previously known, between 1970 and 1986 (mainly between 1978 and 1983). Good quality coal, suitable for use in metallurgy and in large volume (seven billion tons), was then discovered in several deposits in Rio Grande do Sul (Morungava, Chico Lomã, Santa Teresinha), but at relatively great depths (up to 1,200 m), which has hindered its use until now. In 2011, coal accounted for only 5.6% of the energy consumed in Brazil, but it is an important strategic source, which can be activated when, for example, the water levels in the dams are very low, reducing excessively the supply of hydroelectric power.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main category: <a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_in_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Category:Culture in Rio Grande do Sul">Culture in Rio Grande do Sul</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti" /><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:229px;max-width:229px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:227px;max-width:227px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rodeio_dance_in_Brazil2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Rodeio_dance_in_Brazil2.jpg/225px-Rodeio_dance_in_Brazil2.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Rodeio_dance_in_Brazil2.jpg/338px-Rodeio_dance_in_Brazil2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Rodeio_dance_in_Brazil2.jpg/450px-Rodeio_dance_in_Brazil2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3088" data-file-height="2056" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Typical dance in a CTG (Center of Traditions)</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:227px;max-width:227px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mate_gaucho.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Mate_gaucho.jpg/225px-Mate_gaucho.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Mate_gaucho.jpg/338px-Mate_gaucho.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Mate_gaucho.jpg/450px-Mate_gaucho.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="844" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Mate_(drink)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mate (drink)">Chimarrão</a> is a traditional drink made by soaking dried leaves of the holly species <a href="/wiki/Ilex_paraguariensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilex paraguariensis">Ilex paraguariensis</a> in hot water</div></div></div></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:18_02_2022_Cerim%C3%B4nia_de_Abertura_da_Festa_da_Uva_2022_(51890505075).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/18_02_2022_Cerim%C3%B4nia_de_Abertura_da_Festa_da_Uva_2022_%2851890505075%29.jpg/220px-18_02_2022_Cerim%C3%B4nia_de_Abertura_da_Festa_da_Uva_2022_%2851890505075%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/18_02_2022_Cerim%C3%B4nia_de_Abertura_da_Festa_da_Uva_2022_%2851890505075%29.jpg/330px-18_02_2022_Cerim%C3%B4nia_de_Abertura_da_Festa_da_Uva_2022_%2851890505075%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/18_02_2022_Cerim%C3%B4nia_de_Abertura_da_Festa_da_Uva_2022_%2851890505075%29.jpg/440px-18_02_2022_Cerim%C3%B4nia_de_Abertura_da_Festa_da_Uva_2022_%2851890505075%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2667" /></a><figcaption>Grape Festival in Caxias do Sul</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comidaitaliana-caxias.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Comidaitaliana-caxias.jpg/220px-Comidaitaliana-caxias.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Comidaitaliana-caxias.jpg/330px-Comidaitaliana-caxias.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Comidaitaliana-caxias.jpg/440px-Comidaitaliana-caxias.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>A typical meal in Rio Grande do Sul with wine, bread, cheese, pasta with beef and <a href="/wiki/Salami" title="Salami">salami</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The state of Rio Grande do Sul is renowned as one of the most culturally rich states of Brazil. Rio Grande's music is a blend of many styles (most a continuum of rhythms found in neighboring countries), including the <a href="/wiki/Chamam%C3%A9" title="Chamamé">Chamamé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milonga_(music)" title="Milonga (music)">Milonga</a>, Polca and <a href="/wiki/Chacarera" title="Chacarera">Chacarera</a>. Modern gaucho music or <a href="/wiki/Tche_music" title="Tche music">tchê music</a> has been popular since the late 1980s. The inhabitants of the state are known in the country for drinking <a href="/wiki/Chimarr%C3%A3o" class="mw-redirect" title="Chimarrão">chimarrão</a>, a local version of the <a href="/wiki/Mate_(beverage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mate (beverage)">mate</a> drunk in neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, and for consuming <a href="/wiki/Churrasco" title="Churrasco">churrasco</a> very regularly (a practice common due to the abundant sources of high quality meat), even going so far as considering this one of the most important elements of everyday life. <a href="/wiki/Porto_Alegre" title="Porto Alegre">Porto Alegre</a> is home to <a href="/wiki/Sport_Club_Internacional" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport Club Internacional">Sport Club Internacional</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%AAmio_Foot-Ball_Porto_Alegrense" class="mw-redirect" title="Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense">Grêmio Foot-Ball Porto Alegrense</a>. They are arch-rivals, one of the biggest rivalries in Brazil. </p><p>Each region of the state has its own cultural background. In the <a href="/wiki/Pampa" class="mw-redirect" title="Pampa">pampas</a> (Southwest), the culture is still largely influenced by the old <a href="/wiki/Ga%C3%BAcho" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaúcho">Gaúchos</a>. Gaúcho is a term that can describe anyone born in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. However, it is also used to describe the 19th century rural workers of the region. Other parts of the state have a slightly different culture, influenced mainly by <a href="/wiki/German_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="German Brazilian">German</a> or <a href="/wiki/Italian_Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian Brazilian">Italian</a> immigrants. After some generations, the descendants of immigrants were integrated in the local society, even though their cultural influences are still strong, mostly in the countryside. Despite these differences, the Gaucho people maintain a particular zeal for their culture and its variations. </p><p>Although the Gaucho culture and its <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>-based language prevails in Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil, sharing many of its <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a> characteristics with neighboring horseback livestock raising, grassland centered cultures, such as found in <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, the state also has other strong albeit less prominent cultural focus areas. </p><p>These are, notably the <a href="/wiki/German-Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="German-Brazilian">German-Brazilian</a> cultural identity and the <a href="/wiki/Riograndenser_Hunsr%C3%BCckisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Riograndenser Hunsrückisch">Riograndenser Hunsrückisch</a> language (the estimated number of speakers are around 1,500,000), spoken in the state since 1824; it received official recognition by the state House of Representatives in 2012 by unanimous vote. Also, as the result of European immigration stated in the 19th century, the state has an Italian culture and language of its own, the <a href="/wiki/Talian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Talian language">Talian language</a> (a Veneto-based language/dialect), spoken mostly in the highlands region, at the so-called <i>Old Italian Colonies</i> in the upper state (see <a href="/wiki/Italian-Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian-Brazilian">Italian-Brazilian</a>). </p><p>However, there are many other much smaller cultural minorities in the state (for example, the <a href="/wiki/Afro-Brazilian" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Brazilian">Afro-Brazilian</a> community, the <a href="/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD_people" title="Guaraní people">Guarani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kaingang" title="Kaingang">Kaingang</a><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> indigenous peoples, also <a href="/wiki/Pomeranians_(German_people)" title="Pomeranians (German people)">Pomeranian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Polish</a>, <a href="/wiki/German-Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="German-Jewish">German-Jewish</a>, etc.), However, these three are the predominant cultural expressions found in the state, each with living linguistic expressions which attest to their existence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism_and_recreation">Tourism and recreation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Tourism and recreation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Praia_da_Guarita_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Praia_da_Guarita_4.jpg/220px-Praia_da_Guarita_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Praia_da_Guarita_4.jpg/330px-Praia_da_Guarita_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Praia_da_Guarita_4.jpg/440px-Praia_da_Guarita_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1999" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Praia_da_Guarita" title="Praia da Guarita">Guarita Beach</a> in <a href="/wiki/Torres,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Torres, Rio Grande do Sul">Torres</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lago_Negro_Gramado.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Lago_Negro_Gramado.jpg/220px-Lago_Negro_Gramado.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Lago_Negro_Gramado.jpg/330px-Lago_Negro_Gramado.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Lago_Negro_Gramado.jpg/440px-Lago_Negro_Gramado.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5004" data-file-height="3336" /></a><figcaption>Lago Negro (dark lake) in <a href="/wiki/Gramado" title="Gramado">Gramado</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ton%C3%A9is_de_Carvalho_-_produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_vinho_(2541862954).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Ton%C3%A9is_de_Carvalho_-_produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_vinho_%282541862954%29.jpg/220px-Ton%C3%A9is_de_Carvalho_-_produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_vinho_%282541862954%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Ton%C3%A9is_de_Carvalho_-_produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_vinho_%282541862954%29.jpg/330px-Ton%C3%A9is_de_Carvalho_-_produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_vinho_%282541862954%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Ton%C3%A9is_de_Carvalho_-_produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_vinho_%282541862954%29.jpg/440px-Ton%C3%A9is_de_Carvalho_-_produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_vinho_%282541862954%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2458" data-file-height="1843" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Enotourism" class="mw-redirect" title="Enotourism">Enotourism</a> in Bento Gonçalves.</figcaption></figure> <p>High-end tourism is very popular in the Germanesque cities of <a href="/wiki/Gramado" title="Gramado">Gramado</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canela,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Canela, Rio Grande do Sul">Canela</a>; their cold weather is among their attractions for <a href="/wiki/Tourism#Classification" title="Tourism">internal tourism</a>. Tourism is also high in the wine regions of the state, principally <a href="/wiki/Caxias_do_Sul" title="Caxias do Sul">Caxias do Sul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bento_Gon%C3%A7alves,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul">Bento Gonçalves</a>. The pampas of the native Brazilian <a href="/wiki/Ga%C3%BAcho" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaúcho">Gaúcho</a> are both a national and international curiosity to tourists and their customs are alive in the capital city of <a href="/wiki/Porto_Alegre" title="Porto Alegre">Porto Alegre</a> as well as in the cities of the "interior" or western Rio Grande do Sul such as <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul">Santa Maria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Passo_Fundo" title="Passo Fundo">Passo Fundo</a>. The state is also home to the historic <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Miguel_das_Miss%C3%B5es" title="São Miguel das Missões">São Miguel das Missões</a>, the ruins of an 18th-century Jesuit Mission. The state of Rio Grande do Sul and its cities have developed a series scenic routes to appeal to tourists. The <a href="/wiki/Rota_Rom%C3%A2ntica" title="Rota Romântica">Rota Romântica</a> is a popular scenic drive that exhibits the diverse Germanic culture of the mountainous regions of the state referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Serra_Ga%C3%BAcha" title="Serra Gaúcha">Serra Gaúcha</a>. One can visit the state's Italian settlements through <a href="/wiki/Caminhos_da_Col%C3%B4nia" title="Caminhos da Colônia">Caminhos da Colônia</a>, tour the wine country through the Wine and Grapes Route and visit a subsection of the Rota Romântica called the <a href="/wiki/Regi%C3%A3o_das_Hort%C3%AAnsias" title="Região das Hortênsias">Região das Hortênsias</a>, the region filled with blue <a href="/wiki/Hydrangea" title="Hydrangea">hydrangea</a> flowers each spring. </p><p>In the far western area of the state are the remnants of Brazil's 17th century <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> missions or reductions (<i>aldeias</i>) to the Guaraní Indians. </p><p>Of all the ruins left behind by the vanished Guarani Missions, the most significant one is <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Miguel_das_Miss%C3%B5es" title="São Miguel das Missões">São Miguel</a> or <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Miguel_das_Miss%C3%B5es" title="São Miguel das Missões">São Miguel Arcanjo</a>, located nearby the present city of <a href="/wiki/Santo_%C3%82ngelo" title="Santo Ângelo">Santo Ângelo</a>. There is an ongoing <i>Light and Sound</i> (or <i>Som e Luz</i> in Portuguese) show presented at the ruins of the São Miguel church. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As in all Brazil, Portuguese is the main spoken language. A few expressions of Spanish origin are common (such as "gracias" instead of "obrigado", or the vocative "tchê") etc., due to the proximity with <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> and their common <a href="/wiki/Gaucho" title="Gaucho">Gaucho</a> past. Also a few words of German origin, particularly referring to cuisine, have entered the vocabulary, such as "chimia" (from "schmier") and "cuca" (from "Kuchen"). Words of <a href="/wiki/Guarani_language" title="Guarani language">Guarani language</a> origin also make up the vocabulary, an example being the largely used word "guri", meaning "boy". </p><p>The Gaúchos are also famous by <a href="/wiki/Ga%C3%BAcho_dialect#Grammar" title="Gaúcho dialect">their use</a> of the pronoun "tu", instead of "<a href="/wiki/Voc%C3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="Você">você</a>", the latter being the formal second person singular noun and the first being the informal noun equivalent. In the traditional Gaúcho dialect of the <a href="/wiki/Pampas" title="Pampas">Pampas</a>, the verb is conjugated correctly in the second person singular, as in <a href="/wiki/European_Portuguese" title="European Portuguese">European Portuguese</a> (tu cantas, tu bates, tu partes, tu pões). In the colloquial Portuguese of Porto Alegre, however, the verb is conjugated in the second person as in the third person (tu canta, tu bate, tu parte, tu põe).<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gaúcho_Portuguese_phonology"><span id="Ga.C3.BAcho_Portuguese_phonology"></span>Gaúcho Portuguese phonology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Gaúcho Portuguese phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Phonemes_of_Porto-alegrense_Portuguese">Phonemes of Porto-alegrense Portuguese</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Phonemes of Porto-alegrense Portuguese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">Postalveolar</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Labialized_velar_consonant" title="Labialized velar consonant">Labiovelar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">Uvular</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">m</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">n</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ȷ̃</span> </td> <td>(<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">w̃</span>) </td> <td>(<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ŋ</span>)  (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɰ̃</span>) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Stop_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop consonant">Stop</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">p</span>  <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">b</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">t</span>  <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">d</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">kʷ</span>  <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɡʷ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">k</span>  <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɡ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Fricative_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Fricative consonant">Fricative</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">f</span>  <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">v</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">s</span>  <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">z</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʃ</span>  <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ʒ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">χ~ʁ~h~ɦ</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Affricate_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Affricate consonant">Affricate</a> </th> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">tʃ</span>  <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">dʒ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">l</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">lʲ</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Approximant_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Approximant consonant">Approximant</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Flap_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Flap consonant">Flap</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ɾ</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">j</span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">w</span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Although this process is very common in the Southeast, in Gaúcho Portuguese the letters "s" and "z" are never pronounced as <a href="/wiki/Palato-alveolar_consonant" class="mw-redirect" title="Palato-alveolar consonant">palato-alveolar</a> consonants in coda position (e.g., pasto "pasture" is <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈpaʃtu]</span> in Rio de Janeiro, but <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈpastu]</span> in Porto Alegre). </p><p>In Rio Grande do Sul, as in most of Brazil, the letters "t" and "d" are pronounced as palato-alveolar affricate consonants, when immediately succeeded by the vowel "i" (a process of <a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(phonetics)" title="Palatalization (phonetics)">palatalization</a> which, however, does not happen in the varieties of the <a href="/wiki/Pampas" title="Pampas">Pampas</a>). Moreover, the unstressed "e" and "o" are often reduced into <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɪ]</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʊ]</span>, respectively. Therefore, in Porto Alegre, the unstressed "te" syllables are pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tʃi]</span>, for example, while in the Pampas they are usually pronounced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tɪ]</span>: </p><p>Porto Alegre: antigamente – <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɐ̃(n)ˌtʃiɡaˈmeȷ̃tʃʲ]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɐ̃(n)ˌtʃiɡaˈmentʃʲ]</span> </p><p>Gaúcho Pampas: antigamente – <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɐ̃ˌtʃiɡaˈme̞nte̞]</span> </p><p>(compare Spanish: antiguamente – <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ãn̪t̪iɣ̞waˈmẽ̞n̪t̪e̞]</span>) </p><p>The dialect of the Pampas had experienced a stronger influence of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_phonology" title="Spanish phonology">Spanish language</a>, while the dialect of Porto Alegre suffers modern influences of the Southeastern varieties. </p><p>Also, the vowel <a href="/wiki/Nasalization" title="Nasalization">nasalization</a> in Porto-alegrense Portuguese is far different from that seen in French, for example. In French, the nasalization extends uniformly through the entire vowel. In Porto Alegre, the nasalization begins almost imperceptibly, and then gets far stronger in the end of the vowel, therefore being closer to the nasalization of <a href="/wiki/Hindi-Urdu_phonology" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi-Urdu phonology">Hindi-Urdu phonology</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Anusvara" title="Anusvara">Anusvara</a>). In some cases, the nasal <a href="/wiki/Archiphoneme" class="mw-redirect" title="Archiphoneme">archiphoneme</a> actually represents the addition of a <a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">nasal consonant</a>, like <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[m,<span class="wrap"> </span>n,<span class="wrap"> </span>ŋ,<span class="wrap"> </span>ȷ̃,<span class="wrap"> </span>w̃,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɰ̃]</span>. </p><p><i>manta</i> = <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈmɐ̃ntɐ]</span> </p><p><i>tampa</i> = <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈtɐ̃mpɐ]</span> </p><p><i>banco</i> = <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈbɐ̃ŋku]</span> </p><p><i>bem</i> = <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[bẽȷ̃]</span> </p><p><i>bom</i> = <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[bõʊ̯̃]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈbõɰ̃]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈbõŋ]</span> </p><p><i>pan</i> = <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈpɐ̃ɰ̃]</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈpɐ̃ŋ]</span> </p><p>It is also noteworthy that, in everyday speech, many unstressed vowels are not fully pronounced as they are supposed to be. For example: </p><p><i>toque</i> = <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈtɔkʲ]</span> </p><p><i>mente</i> = <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈmẽȷ̃tʃ]</span> </p><p><i>pouco</i> = <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈpokʊ̥]</span> </p><p>Essentially, the vowels [e] and [i] are both reduced and devoiced (or completely deleted) in word-final position, and sometimes also when unstressed and between consonants, always palatalizing the previous consonant. The vowels [o] and [u] are also reduced and devoiced to [ʊ̥], analogously to what happens in Japanese (see <a href="/wiki/Japanese_phonology#Devoicing" title="Japanese phonology">Japanese phonology#Devoicing</a>). More rarely, [a] may become [ɐ̥] as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Example">Example</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Example"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Talian.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Talian.svg/220px-Talian.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Talian.svg/330px-Talian.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Talian.svg/440px-Talian.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1095" data-file-height="946" /></a><figcaption>Municipalities that the <a href="/wiki/Talian_dialect" title="Talian dialect">Talian</a> is co-official in Rio Grande do Sul, highlighted in red: <a href="/wiki/Bento_Gon%C3%A7alves,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul">Bento Gonçalves</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Caxias_do_Sul" title="Caxias do Sul">Caxias do Sul</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Flores_da_Cunha" title="Flores da Cunha">Flores da Cunha</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nova_Roma_do_Sul" title="Nova Roma do Sul">Nova Roma do Sul</a><sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Serafina_Corr%C3%AAa" title="Serafina Corrêa">Serafina Corrêa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>"<a href="/wiki/Sebastian_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebastian of Portugal">Dom Sebastião I</a> era o décimo-sexto Rei de Portugal, e sétimo da <a href="/wiki/House_of_Aviz" title="House of Aviz">Dinastia de Avis</a>. Era neto do rei João III, tornou-se herdeiro do trono depois da morte do seu pai, o príncipe João de Portugal, duas semanas antes do seu nascimento, e rei com apenas três anos, em 1557. Em virtude de ser um herdeiro tão esperado para dar continuidade à Dinastia de Avis, ficou conhecido como O Desejado; alternativamente, é também memorado como O Encoberto ou O Adormecido, devido à lenda que se refere ao seu regresso numa manhã de nevoeiro, para salvar a Nação." </p><p><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈdõʊ̯̃<span class="wrap"> </span>sebasʃiˈɐ̃ʊ̯̃<span class="wrap"> </span>pɾiˈmeɪ̯ɾʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈɛɾɐʊ̯<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈdɛsimʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈsestʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈhej<span class="wrap"> </span>dʒi<span class="wrap"> </span>poɾtuˈɡaw<span class="wrap"> </span>|<span class="wrap"> </span>i<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈsɛtʃimʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>da<span class="wrap"> </span>dʒinasˈʃia<span class="wrap"> </span>dʒi<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈavis<span class="wrap"> </span>‖<span class="wrap"> </span>ɛɾɐ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈnɛtʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>dʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈheɪ̯<span class="wrap"> </span>ʒʊˈɐ̃ʊ̯̃<span class="wrap"> </span>teɾˈseɪ̯ɾʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>‖<span class="wrap"> </span>toɾˈnoʊ̯<span class="wrap"> </span>sjeɾˈdeɪ̯ɾʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>dʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈtɾonʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>deˈpojz<span class="wrap"> </span>da<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈmɔɾtʃi<span class="wrap"> </span>dʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>sew<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈpaɪ̯<span class="wrap"> </span>|<span class="wrap"> </span>ʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈpɾinsipi<span class="wrap"> </span>ʒʊˈɐ̃ʊ̯̃<span class="wrap"> </span>dʒi<span class="wrap"> </span>poɾtuˈɡaʊ̯<span class="wrap"> </span>|<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈdu.as<span class="wrap"> </span>seˈmɐ̃nɐs<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈɐ̃tʃis<span class="wrap"> </span>dʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>sew<span class="wrap"> </span>nasiˈmentʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>|<span class="wrap"> </span>i<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈhej<span class="wrap"> </span>kũw̃<span class="wrap"> </span>aˈpenɐs<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈtɾez<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈɐ̃nʊs<span class="wrap"> </span>|<span class="wrap"> </span>ẽȷ̃<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈmiw<span class="wrap"> </span>kiˈȷ̃entʊz<span class="wrap"> </span>i<span class="wrap"> </span>siŋˈkwentɐɪ̯<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈsɛtʃi<span class="wrap"> </span>‖<span class="wrap"> </span>ẽȷ̃<span class="wrap"> </span>viɾˈtudʒi<span class="wrap"> </span>dʒi<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈseɾ<span class="wrap"> </span>ũw̃<span class="wrap"> </span>eɾˈdeɪ̯ɾʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>tɐ̃ʊ̯̃<span class="wrap"> </span>ɪspeˈɾadʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>paɾɐ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈdaɾ<span class="wrap"> </span>kontʃinwiˈdadʒ<span class="wrap"> </span>a<span class="wrap"> </span>dʒinasˈʃia<span class="wrap"> </span>dʒi<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈavis<span class="wrap"> </span>|<span class="wrap"> </span>fiˈkoʊ̯<span class="wrap"> </span>kõȷ̃eˈsidʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈkomʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>|<span class="wrap"> </span>ʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>dezeˈʒadʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>‖<span class="wrap"> </span>aʊ̯ˈteɾnaˈtʃivaˈmẽȷ̃tʃ<span class="wrap"> </span>|<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈɛ<span class="wrap"> </span>tɐ̃mˈbẽȷ̃<span class="wrap"> </span>memoˈɾadʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈkomʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>|<span class="wrap"> </span>ʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>ẽȷ̃koˈbɛɾtʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>|<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈoʊ̯<span class="wrap"> </span>|<span class="wrap"> </span>ʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>aˈdoɾmeˈsidʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>‖<span class="wrap"> </span>deˈvidwa<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈlenda<span class="wrap"> </span>ki<span class="wrap"> </span>si<span class="wrap"> </span>heˈfɛɾjaʊ̯<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈseʊ̯<span class="wrap"> </span>heˈɡɾɛsʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈnũma<span class="wrap"> </span>mɐ̃ˈȷ̃ɐ̃<span class="wrap"> </span>dʒi<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈnevʊˈejɾʊ<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈpaɾa<span class="wrap"> </span>saʊ̯ˈvaɾ<span class="wrap"> </span>a<span class="wrap"> </span>naˈsɐ̃ʊ̯̃<span class="wrap"> </span>‖]</span> </p><p>OBS: The pronunciation may be subject to <a href="/wiki/Free_variation" title="Free variation">free variation</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="54" data-mwtitle="Male,_Southern_Brazilian_(from_Porto_Alegre,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Male,_Southern_Brazilian_(from_Porto_Alegre,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul).ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/57/Male%2C_Southern_Brazilian_%28from_Porto_Alegre%2C_Rio_Grande_do_Sul%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/Male%2C_Southern_Brazilian_%28from_Porto_Alegre%2C_Rio_Grande_do_Sul%29.ogg/Male%2C_Southern_Brazilian_%28from_Porto_Alegre%2C_Rio_Grande_do_Sul%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span><figcaption>Native Portuguese speaker from Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul reading the above paragraph.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Minority_languages">Minority languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Minority languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Minority_language" title="Minority language">Minority languages</a> spoken in Rio Grande do Sul include Indigenous languages (<a href="/wiki/Guarani_language" title="Guarani language">Guarani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaingang_language" title="Kaingang language">Kaingang</a>, etc.), and European derived languages (<a href="/wiki/Talian_dialect" title="Talian dialect">Talian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riograndenser_Hunsr%C3%BCckisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Riograndenser Hunsrückisch">Riograndenser Hunsrückisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Pomeranian_dialect" title="East Pomeranian dialect">East Pomeranian dialect</a> of <a href="/wiki/Low_German_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Low German language">Low German</a>, Yiddish and <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>). </p><p>Most of the <a href="/wiki/German_dialects" title="German dialects">German dialects</a> speakers in southern Brazil spoke or eventually adopted <a href="/wiki/Hunsr%C3%BCckisch" title="Hunsrückisch">Hunsrückisch</a> so that it became the most commonly used German dialect in this part of the world and is still spoken by many people today (also referred to as <a href="/wiki/Riograndenser_Hunsr%C3%BCckisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Riograndenser Hunsrückisch">Riograndenser Hunsrückisch</a> to differentiate it from the Hunsrückisch spoken in Germany). </p><p>In its 180 years of history <a href="/wiki/Riograndenser_Hunsr%C3%BCckisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Riograndenser Hunsrückisch">Riograndenser Hunsrückisch</a> has been influenced by Portuguese and by other German dialects, such as <a href="/wiki/Pf%C3%A4lzisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pfälzisch">Pfälzisch</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Talian_dialect" title="Talian dialect">Talian</a> is a Brazilian variety of the Venetian language, also often called <i>Vêneto</i> for that reason. </p><p>All minority languages in southern Brazil have experienced a significant degree of decline in the last few decades. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beira-Rio-Stadium-Porto-Alegre-Brazil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Beira-Rio-Stadium-Porto-Alegre-Brazil.jpg/220px-Beira-Rio-Stadium-Porto-Alegre-Brazil.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Beira-Rio-Stadium-Porto-Alegre-Brazil.jpg/330px-Beira-Rio-Stadium-Porto-Alegre-Brazil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Beira-Rio-Stadium-Porto-Alegre-Brazil.jpg/440px-Beira-Rio-Stadium-Porto-Alegre-Brazil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_Beira-Rio" title="Estádio Beira-Rio">Estádio Beira-Rio</a>, one of the venues for the <a href="/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2014 FIFA World Cup">2014 FIFA World Cup</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arena_do_Gr%C3%AAmio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Arena_do_Gr%C3%AAmio.jpg/220px-Arena_do_Gr%C3%AAmio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Arena_do_Gr%C3%AAmio.jpg/330px-Arena_do_Gr%C3%AAmio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Arena_do_Gr%C3%AAmio.jpg/440px-Arena_do_Gr%C3%AAmio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arena_do_Gr%C3%AAmio" title="Arena do Grêmio">Arena do Grêmio</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Rio Grande do Sul currently has eight <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> teams belonging to the divisions of the Brazilian Football Championship: <a href="/wiki/Internacional" class="mw-redirect" title="Internacional">Internacional</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%AAmio" class="mw-redirect" title="Grêmio">Grêmio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esporte_Clube_Juventude" title="Esporte Clube Juventude">Juventude</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sociedade_Esportiva_e_Recreativa_Caxias_do_Sul" title="Sociedade Esportiva e Recreativa Caxias do Sul">Caxias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brasil_de_Pelotas" class="mw-redirect" title="Brasil de Pelotas">Brasil de Pelotas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clube_Esportivo_Aimor%C3%A9" title="Clube Esportivo Aimoré">Aimoré</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esporte_Clube_Novo_Hamburgo" title="Esporte Clube Novo Hamburgo">Novo Hamburgo</a> <a href="/wiki/Esporte_Clube_S%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9" title="Esporte Clube São José">São José</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ypiranga_Futebol_Clube" title="Ypiranga Futebol Clube">Ypiranga</a>. Sport Club Rio Grande, from the municipality of Rio Grande, is the oldest in Brazil and currently plays in the Campeonato Gaúcho of the Second Division.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rio Grande do Sul is also a national and world reference in <a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">futsal</a>, with teams such as Inter/Ulbra in Porto Alegre, <a href="/wiki/Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Carlos_Barbosa_de_Futsal" title="Associação Carlos Barbosa de Futsal">ACBF</a> in Carlos Barbosa, <a href="/wiki/Clube_Esportivo_e_Recreativo_Atl%C3%A2ntico" title="Clube Esportivo e Recreativo Atlântico">Atlântico</a> in Erechim, <a href="/wiki/Canoas_Sport_Club" title="Canoas Sport Club">Ulbra</a> in Canoas, <a href="/wiki/Assoeva" title="Assoeva">Assoeva</a> in Venâncio Aires and Enxuta in Caxias do Sul. The municipality of <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Barbosa" title="Carlos Barbosa">Carlos Barbosa</a> is considered the futsal capital in Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Olympic medalists who were born in the state include: <a href="/wiki/Mayra_Aguiar" title="Mayra Aguiar">Mayra Aguiar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Cargnin_(judoka)" title="Daniel Cargnin (judoka)">Daniel Cargnin</a> (judo);<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Scheffer" title="Fernando Scheffer">Fernando Scheffer</a> (swimming);<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Johannpeter" class="mw-redirect" title="André Johannpeter">André Johannpeter</a> (equestrian);<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Heller_(volleyball)" title="André Heller (volleyball)">André Heller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Endres" title="Gustavo Endres">Gustavo Endres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murilo_Endres" title="Murilo Endres">Murilo Endres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renan_Dal_Zotto" title="Renan Dal Zotto">Renan Dal Zotto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paulo_Silva_(volleyball)" title="Paulo Silva (volleyball)">Paulão</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fernanda_Garay" title="Fernanda Garay">Fernanda Garay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carolina_Albuquerque" title="Carolina Albuquerque">Carol Albuquerque</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89der_Carbonera" title="Éder Carbonera">Éder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Janelson">Janelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jorge_%C3%89dson" class="mw-redirect" title="Jorge Édson">Jorge Édson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucas_Saatkamp" title="Lucas Saatkamp">Lucão</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcus_Vin%C3%ADcius_Freire" title="Marcus Vinícius Freire">Marcus Vinícius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thiago_Soares_Alves" title="Thiago Soares Alves">Thiago Alves</a> (volleyball).<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also from the state is <a href="/wiki/Thomaz_Koch" title="Thomaz Koch">Thomaz Koch</a>, considered one of the greatest tennis players in the history of Brazil<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Henrique_Mecking" title="Henrique Mecking">Henrique Mecking</a>, considered the greatest Brazilian chess player of all time, who came to be the 3rd best in the world;<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in addition to World Championships medalists such as <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1rbara_Arenhart" title="Bárbara Arenhart">Babi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deonise_Fachinello" title="Deonise Fachinello">Deonise</a> in handball,<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Derly" title="João Derly">João Derly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Portela" title="Maria Portela">Maria Portela</a> in judo,<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Daiane_dos_Santos" title="Daiane dos Santos">Daiane dos Santos</a> in gymnastics<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Samuel_de_Bona" title="Samuel de Bona">Samuel de Bona</a> in the aquatic marathon.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Rio_Grande_do_Sul_state_symbols" title="List of Rio Grande do Sul state symbols">List of Rio Grande do Sul state symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="List of municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul">List of municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-census2022-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census2022_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2022_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/">"2022 Census Overview"</a> (in Portuguese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2022+Census+Overview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcenso2022.ibge.gov.br%2Fpanorama%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.atlasbrasil.org.br/ranking">"Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano no Brasil. Pnud Brasil, Ipea e FJP, 2022"</a>. <i>www.atlasbrasil.org.br</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 11,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.atlasbrasil.org.br&rft.atitle=Atlas+do+Desenvolvimento+Humano+no+Brasil.+Pnud+Brasil%2C+Ipea+e+FJP%2C+2022.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlasbrasil.org.br%2Franking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220823223939/https://www.lexico.com/definition/rio_grande_do_sul">"Rio Grande do Sul"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Rio+Grande+do+Sul">the original</a> on August 23, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rio+Grande+do+Sul&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FRio%2BGrande%2Bdo%2BSul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Rio%20Grande">"Rio Grande"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary</a></i>. Merriam-Webster<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 16,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Rio+Grande&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FRio%2520Grande&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://exame.abril.com.br/brasil/quais-os-estados-mais-seguros-e-perigosos-do-brasil/">"Os estados mais e menos perigosos do Brasil"</a> (in Portuguese). exame.abril.com.br. November 24, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Os+estados+mais+e+menos+perigosos+do+Brasil&rft.pub=exame.abril.com.br&rft.date=2016-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexame.abril.com.br%2Fbrasil%2Fquais-os-estados-mais-seguros-e-perigosos-do-brasil%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Rio_Grande_do_Sul_(State)" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Rio Grande do Sul (State)">Rio Grande do Sul</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">357–</span>359.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Rio+Grande+do+Sul&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E357-%3C%2Fspan%3E359&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Portuguese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cambaraonline.com.br/index.php?secao=index_reportagem&rep_id=106">Frio de "renguear cusco"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080527030637/http://www.cambaraonline.com.br/index.php?secao=index_reportagem&rep_id=106">Archived</a> May 27, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Página Cambará do Sul On-line</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bonaparte2001-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bonaparte2001_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bonaparte2001_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJose_F_Bonaparte,_Jorge_Ferigolo,_Ana_Maria_Ribeiro2001" class="citation journal cs1">Jose F Bonaparte, Jorge Ferigolo, Ana Maria Ribeiro (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229744390">"A Primitive Late Triassic 'ictidosaur' from Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil"</a>. <i>Palaeontology</i>. <b>44</b> (4): 623-635. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1475-4983.00194">10.1111/1475-4983.00194</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palaeontology&rft.atitle=A+Primitive+Late+Triassic+%27ictidosaur%27+from+Rio+Grande+Do+Sul%2C+Brazil&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=623-635&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1475-4983.00194&rft.au=Jose+F+Bonaparte%2C+Jorge+Ferigolo%2C+Ana+Maria+Ribeiro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F229744390&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Love, Joseph. O Regionalismo Gaúcho, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Love, Joseph. O Regionalismo Gaúcho, p. 8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Love, Joseph. O Regionalismo Gaúcho, p. 8-9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Love, Joseph. O Regionalismo Gaúcho, p. 9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Luddock, John. Notes on Rio de Janeiro and the Southern Parts of Brazil; cited by Love, Joseph, O Regionalismo Gaúcho, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Love,_Joseph_p._10-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Love,_Joseph_p._10_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Love,_Joseph_p._10_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Love, Joseph. O Regionalismo Gaúcho, p. 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Love, Joseph. O Regionalismo Gaúcho, p. 10–11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Love,_Joseph_p._11-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Love,_Joseph_p._11_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Love,_Joseph_p._11_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Love, Joseph. O Regionalismo Gaúcho, p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cardoso, Fernando Henrique. Capitalismo e Escravidão no Brasil Meridional</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Love, Joseph. O Regionalismo Gaúcho, p. 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Love, Joseph. O Regionalismo Gaúcho, p. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Love, Joseph. <i>O Regionalismo Gaúcho</i>, pp. 15–16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Love, Joseph. O Regionalismo Gaúcho, p. 16, footnote</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Love, Joseph. O Regionalismo Gaúcho, p 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.momentodeuruguaiana.com.br/menu/memoria/memoria187.htm">http://www.momentodeuruguaiana.com.br/menu/memoria/memoria187.htm</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Love, Joseph. <i>O Regionalismo Gaúcho</i>, pp. 16–17, quoting, for the figures, the Almanak do Ministério da Guerra no anno de 1889.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Love, Joseph. <i>O Regionalismo Gaúcho</i>, pp. 17–18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/monografias/GEBIS%20-%20RJ/CD1950/CD_1950_I_Brasil.pdf">"p. 32 (1)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 24,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=p.+32+%281%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiblioteca.ibge.gov.br%2Fvisualizacao%2Fmonografias%2FGEBIS%2520-%2520RJ%2FCD1950%2FCD_1950_I_Brasil.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Love, Joseph. O Regionalismo Gaúcho, p. 19-21</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Love, Joseph. O Regionalismo Gaúcho, p. 22-24</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Source: PNAD.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/">"Censo 2022 - Panorama"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Censo+2022+-+Panorama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcenso2022.ibge.gov.br%2Fpanorama%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSaloum_de_Neves_Manta2013" class="citation journal cs1">Saloum de Neves Manta, Fernanda (September 20, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3779230">"Revisiting the Genetic Ancestry of Brazilians Using Autosomal AIM-Indels"</a>. <i>PLOS ONE</i>. <b>8</b> (9): e75145. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PLoSO...875145S">2013PLoSO...875145S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0075145">10.1371/journal.pone.0075145</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3779230">3779230</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24073242">24073242</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+ONE&rft.atitle=Revisiting+the+Genetic+Ancestry+of+Brazilians+Using+Autosomal+AIM-Indels&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=e75145&rft.date=2013-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3779230%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24073242&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0075145&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013PLoSO...875145S&rft.aulast=Saloum+de+Neves+Manta&rft.aufirst=Fernanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3779230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://censo2022.ibge.gov.br/panorama/">"Censo 2022 - Panorama"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Censo+2022+-+Panorama&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcenso2022.ibge.gov.br%2Fpanorama%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Telmo Remião Moure. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paginadogaucho.com.br/indi/grupo.htm">Os grupos indígenas e sua distribuição</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090202133555/http://www.paginadogaucho.com.br/indi/grupo.htm">Archived</a> February 2, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andrea Rita Marrero.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lume.ufrgs.br/bitstream/handle/10183/10934/000592555.pdf?sequence=1">História genética dos gaúchos: dinâmica populacional do Sul do Brasil</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IBGE. Census 2000. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sidra.ibge.gov.br/bda/tabela/protabl.asp?c=2094&i=P&nome=on&qtu8=137&qtu14=1&notarodape=on&tab=2094&opn8=1&opn14=0&unit=0&pov=1&poc133=1&OpcTipoNivt=1&opn1=0&nivt=0&orc86=3&orp=5&qtu3=27&qtu13=27&opv=1&poc86=2&opc133=1&pop=1&opn2=0&orv=2&orc133=4&qtu2=5&sev=93&opc86=1&sec133=0&opp=1&opn3=0&qtu6=5507&opn13=0&sec86=0&sec86=2776&sec86=2777&sec86=2779&sec86=2778&sec86=2780&sec86=2781&sep=23487&orn=1&qtu7=22&pon=1&qtu9=558&opn6=0&digt6=&OpcCara=44&proc=1&qtu1=1&opn9=0&cabec=on&opn7=0&decm=99">Tabela 2094 – População residente por cor ou raça e religião/Mesorregião Geográfica = Sudoeste Rio-grandense – RS</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eliana Rosa Sturza. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cienciaecultura.bvs.br/scielo.php?pid=S0009-67252005000200021&script=sci_arttext">Línguas de fronteira: o desconhecido território das práticas lingüísticas nas fronteiras brasileiras</a>: <i>Na fronteira Brasil-Uruguai, a transgressão dos limites ocorreu, sobretudo, para dentro do território uruguaio. Primeiro se instalaram os portugueses e, posteriormente, os brasileiros, de tal modo que isso possibilitou a manutenção da língua portuguesa e determinou a sua importância no próprio processo de ocupação da região norte do Uruguai.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael T. Judd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.espacoacademico.com.br/073/73esp_juddpt.htm">O dialeto fronteiriço do Uruguai: origens, investigações e oportunidades</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160227232518/http://www.espacoacademico.com.br/073/73esp_juddpt.htm">Archived</a> February 27, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riogrande.com.br/historia/colonizacao6.htm">RS VIRTUAL – O Rio Grande do Sul na Internet – História – Colonização – Negros – A história dos gaúchos sem história</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929092430/http://www.riogrande.com.br/historia/colonizacao6.htm">Archived</a> September 29, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-immigrazione-altoadige.net-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-immigrazione-altoadige.net_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110221195630/http://www.immigrazione-altoadige.net/personal/ensayo/migraciones/italiani%20sudamerica.pdf">Immigrazione Italiana nell’America del Sud (Argentina, Uruguay e Brasile)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neiva Otero Schaeffer. Os alemães no Rio Grande do Sul. in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TwGjw6Qdp4AC&q=21%2C6%25&pg=PA163">Os Alemães no Sul do Brasil</a>, Editora Ulbra, 2004 (2004). p. 170</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090202133555/http://www.paginadogaucho.com.br/indi/grupo.htm">"Página do Gaúcho – Índios – Os grupos indígenas e sua distribuição"</a> (in Portuguese). Paginadogaucho.com.br. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paginadogaucho.com.br/indi/grupo.htm">the original</a> on February 2, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 24,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=P%C3%A1gina+do+Ga%C3%BAcho+%E2%80%93+%C3%8Dndios+%E2%80%93+Os+grupos+ind%C3%ADgenas+e+sua+distribui%C3%A7%C3%A3o&rft.pub=Paginadogaucho.com.br&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paginadogaucho.com.br%2Findi%2Fgrupo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mre.gov.br/CDBRASIL/ITAMARATY/WEB/ingles/consnac/imigra/alemaes/index.htm">Germans</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070716191844/http://www.mre.gov.br/CDBRASIL/ITAMARATY/WEB/ingles/consnac/imigra/alemaes/index.htm">Archived</a> July 16, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mre.gov.br/CDBRASIL/ITAMARATY/WEB/ingles/consnac/imigra/italiano/index.htm">Italians</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927014106/http://www.mre.gov.br/CDBRASIL/ITAMARATY/WEB/ingles/consnac/imigra/italiano/index.htm">Archived</a> September 27, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jwa-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jwa_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIgel2009" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Igel, Regina (March 1, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/Alexandr-Frida">"Frida Alexandr"</a>. <i>Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia</i>. <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Women%27s_Archive" title="Jewish Women's Archive">Jewish Women's Archive</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 8,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Frida+Alexandr&rft.btitle=Jewish+Women%3A+A+Comprehensive+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Jewish+Women%27s+Archive&rft.date=2009-03-01&rft.aulast=Igel&rft.aufirst=Regina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjwa.org%2Fencyclopedia%2Farticle%2FAlexandr-Frida&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091009020301/http://www1.folha.uol.com.br:80/folha/ciencia/ult306u633465.shtml">"Folha Online - Ciência - DNA de brasileiro é 80% europeu, indica estudo - 05/10/2009"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/ciencia/ult306u633465.shtml">the original</a> on October 9, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 23,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Folha+Online+-+Ci%C3%AAncia+-+DNA+de+brasileiro+%C3%A9+80%25+europeu%2C+indica+estudo+-+05%2F10%2F2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.folha.uol.com.br%2Ffolha%2Fciencia%2Fult306u633465.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clarke, Peter B. <i>Japanese New Religions in Global Perspective</i>. Routledge, November 5, 2013. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1136828656" title="Special:BookSources/1136828656">1136828656</a>, 9781136828652. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iW3-AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA114">114</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IBGE_2019-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IBGE_2019_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/rs/panorama">"Panorama do estado do Rio Grande do Sul"</a> (in Portuguese). Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE)<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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IBGE</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Religion2-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Religion2_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Religion2_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/periodicos/94/cd_2010_religiao_deficiencia.pdf">Análise dos Resultados/IBGE Censo Demográfico 2010: Características gerais da população, religião e pessoas com deficiência</a>» (PDF)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seruniversitario.com.br">"Universidades no Rio Grande do Sul"</a>. Seruniversitario.com.br<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 24,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Universidades+no+Rio+Grande+do+Sul&rft.pub=Seruniversitario.com.br&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seruniversitario.com.br&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br_51-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-sala-de-imprensa/2013-agencia-de-noticias/releases/26537-ibge-preve-safra-recorde-de-graos-em-2020">IBGE prevê safra recorde de grãos em 2020</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-g1.globo.com-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-g1.globo.com_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://g1.globo.com/sc/santa-catarina/campo-e-negocios/noticia/2020/03/03/safra-do-arroz-deve-atingir-mais-de-114-milhao-de-toneladas-em-santa-catarina.ghtml">Safra do arroz deve atingir mais de 1,14 milhão de toneladas em Santa Catarina</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.noticiasagricolas.com.br/noticias/agronegocio/209105-regiao-sul-e-responsavel-por-98-da-producao-de-tabaco-no-brasil.html">Região Sul é responsável por 98% da produção de tabaco no Brasil</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110522211115/http://www.portaldoagronegocio.com.br/conteudo.php?id=25822">"Notícia: Região Sul deverá produzir 760 mil toneladas de fumo em 2008/2009"</a>. <i>Portal do Agronegócio</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portaldoagronegocio.com.br/conteudo.php?id=25822">the original</a> on May 22, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 3,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Portal+do+Agroneg%C3%B3cio&rft.atitle=Not%C3%ADcia%3A+Regi%C3%A3o+Sul+dever%C3%A1+produzir+760+mil+toneladas+de+fumo+em+2008%2F2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.portaldoagronegocio.com.br%2Fconteudo.php%3Fid%3D25822&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200609123604/http://www.jvanguarda.com.br/site2012/2018/07/27/regiao-sul-e-responsavel-por-mais-de-90-das-uvas-produzidas-para-processamento-no-brasil/">"Região Sul é responsável por mais de 90% das uvas produzidas para processamento no Brasil"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jvanguarda.com.br/site2012/2018/07/27/regiao-sul-e-responsavel-por-mais-de-90-das-uvas-produzidas-para-processamento-no-brasil/">the original</a> on June 9, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regi%C3%A3o+Sul+%C3%A9+respons%C3%A1vel+por+mais+de+90%25+das+uvas+produzidas+para+processamento+no+Brasil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jvanguarda.com.br%2Fsite2012%2F2018%2F07%2F27%2Fregiao-sul-e-responsavel-por-mais-de-90-das-uvas-produzidas-para-processamento-no-brasil%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://radiovitoriaam.com.br/vale-do-rio-do-peixe-produz-86-da-uva-em-sc/">Vale do Rio do Peixe produz 86% da uva em SC</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canalrural.com.br/noticias/hortifruti/producao-uvas-rs-cai/">Produção de uva no Rio Grande do Sul cai quase 40% frente a 2018</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-canalrural.com.br-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-canalrural.com.br_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canalrural.com.br/sites-e-especiais/projeto-soja-brasil/confira-como-esta-a-colheita-da-soja-em-cada-estado-do-pais/">Confira como está a colheita da soja em cada estado do país</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.canalrural.com.br/noticias/quatro-estados-concentram-quase-producao-graos-pais-67407/">Quatro estados concentram quase 70% da produção de grãos do país</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Produção_de_Milho_no_Nordeste-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Produção_de_Milho_no_Nordeste_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200928153038/https://www.bnb.gov.br/documents/1342439/3950249/172_22_10_2018.pdf/46367a39-443c-f5da-4b71-27cfbf04be25">"Produção de Milho no Nordeste"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bnb.gov.br/documents/1342439/3950249/172_22_10_2018.pdf/46367a39-443c-f5da-4b71-27cfbf04be25">the original</a> on September 28, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Produ%C3%A7%C3%A3o+de+Milho+no+Nordeste&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bnb.gov.br%2Fdocuments%2F1342439%2F3950249%2F172_22_10_2018.pdf%2F46367a39-443c-f5da-4b71-27cfbf04be25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cidadeverde.com-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cidadeverde.com_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cidadeverde.com/noticias/307537/producao-de-graos-cresce-14-e-piaui-se-consolida-como-3-maior-produtor-do-nordeste">Produção de grãos cresce 14% e Piauí se consolida como 3º maior produtor do Nordeste</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-economia.uol.com.br-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-economia.uol.com.br_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://economia.uol.com.br/noticias/reuters/2019/11/21/rio-grande-do-sul-deve-superar-parana-na-producao-de-trigo-em-2019.htm">Rio Grande do Sul deve superar Paraná na produção de trigo em 2019</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-abitrigo.com.br-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-abitrigo.com.br_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abitrigo.com.br/associados/arquivos/1.TRIGO_IMPORT_2019.pdf">BRASIL – IMPORTAÇÃO DE TRIGO 2019 (POR PAÍS)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-sala-de-imprensa/2013-agencia-de-noticias/releases/24363-em-abril-ibge-preve-alta-de-2-2-na-safra-de-graos-de-2019">Em abril, IBGE prevê alta de 2,2% na safra de grãos de 2019 </a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-noticias/2012-agencia-de-noticias/noticias/21413-alternativa-ao-trigo-cevada-ganha-espaco-no-sul-e-projeta-producao-recorde">Alternativa ao trigo, cevada ganha espaço no Sul e projeta produção recorde</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nsctotal.com.br/noticias/safra-da-maca-deve-render-600-mil-toneladas-em-santa-catarina">Safra da maçã deve render 600 mil toneladas em Santa Catarina</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://estado.rs.gov.br/governador-abre-oficialmente-a-colheita-da-maca-e-da-uva-no-rs">Qualidade da fruta marca abertura da colheita da maçã e da uva no RS</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnpmf.embrapa.br/Base_de_Dados/index_pdf/dados/brasil/mandioca/b1_mandioca.pdf">Produção brasileira de mandioca em 2018</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnpmf.embrapa.br/Base_de_Dados/index_pdf/dados/brasil/laranja/b1_laranja.pdf">Produção brasileira de laranja em 2018</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revistagloborural.globo.com/vida-na-fazenda/como-plantar/noticia/2018/04/como-criar-pessego.html">Como plantar pêssego</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revistagloborural.globo.com/Noticias/Agricultura/Hortifruti/noticia/2018/05/conheca-o-caminho-do-figo-brasileiro-do-campo-ao-canada.html">Conheça o caminho do figo brasileiro, do campo ao Canadá</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnpmf.embrapa.br/Base_de_Dados/index_pdf/dados/brasil/tangerina/b1_tangerina.pdf">Produção brasileira de tangerina em 2018</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-revistacampoenegocios.com.br-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-revistacampoenegocios.com.br_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revistacampoenegocios.com.br/caqui-panorama-nacional-da-producao/">Caqui – Panorama nacional da produção</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://revistacampoenegocios.com.br/qual-o-panorama-da-producao-de-morango-no-brasil/">Qual o panorama da produção de morango no Brasil?</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atlassocioeconomico.rs.gov.br/bovinos">O RS possui 6,5% do rebanho bovino do Brasil</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emater.tche.br/site/area-tecnica/sistema-de-producao-animal/bovinos-de-leite.php#.Xxd4IqZ7nDc">Bovinocultura de Leite</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-sala-de-imprensa/2013-agencia-de-noticias/releases/22648-ppm-2017-rebanho-bovino-predomina-no-centro-oeste-e-mato-grosso-lidera-entre-os-estados">PPM 2017: Rebanho bovino predomina no Centro-Oeste e Mato Grosso lidera entre os estados </a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceC-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceC_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-sala-de-imprensa/2013-agencia-de-noticias/releases/22648-ppm-2017-rebanho-bovino-predomina-no-centro-oeste-e-mato-grosso-lidera-entre-os-estados">PPM 2017: Rebanho bovino predomina no Centro-Oeste e Mato Grosso lidera entre os estados</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201016202050/http://www.valeverdefm.com.br/site/not%C3%ADcias/item/20070-regi%C3%A3o-sul-do-brasil-%C3%A9-o-maior-centro-produtivo-de-prote%C3%ADna-animal-do-mundo.html">"REGIÃO SUL DO BRASIL É O MAIOR CENTRO PRODUTIVO DE PROTEÍNA ANIMAL DO MUNDO"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valeverdefm.com.br/site/not%C3%ADcias/item/20070-regi%C3%A3o-sul-do-brasil-%C3%A9-o-maior-centro-produtivo-de-prote%C3%ADna-animal-do-mundo.html">the original</a> on October 16, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=REGI%C3%83O+SUL+DO+BRASIL+%C3%89+O+MAIOR+CENTRO+PRODUTIVO+DE+PROTE%C3%8DNA+ANIMAL+DO+MUNDO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.valeverdefm.com.br%2Fsite%2Fnot%25C3%25ADcias%2Fitem%2F20070-regi%25C3%25A3o-sul-do-brasil-%25C3%25A9-o-maior-centro-produtivo-de-prote%25C3%25ADna-animal-do-mundo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agenciadenoticias.ibge.gov.br/agencia-sala-de-imprensa/2013-agencia-de-noticias/releases/22648-ppm-2017-rebanho-bovino-predomina-no-centro-oeste-e-mato-grosso-lidera-entre-os-estados">PPM 2017: Rebanho bovino predomina no Centro-Oeste e Mato Grosso lidera entre os estados. </a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atlassocioeconomico.rs.gov.br/aves-ovos-e-leite">O RS é o 4º maior produtor de aves e de ovos do Brasil</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Algumas-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Algumas_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cprm.gov.br/publique/Redes-Institucionais/Rede-de-Bibliotecas---Rede-Ametista/Algumas-Gemas-Classicas-1104.html">Algumas Gemas Clássicas</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180502153003/https://noticias.band.uol.com.br/noticias/100000911432/rio-grande-do-sul-o-maior-exportador-de-pedras-preciosas-do-brasil.html">"Rio Grande do Sul: o maior exportador de pedras preciosas do Brasil"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://noticias.band.uol.com.br/noticias/100000911432/rio-grande-do-sul-o-maior-exportador-de-pedras-preciosas-do-brasil.html">the original</a> on May 2, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rio+Grande+do+Sul%3A+o+maior+exportador+de+pedras+preciosas+do+Brasil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnoticias.band.uol.com.br%2Fnoticias%2F100000911432%2Frio-grande-do-sul-o-maior-exportador-de-pedras-preciosas-do-brasil.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/cultura-e-lazer/almanaque/noticia/2018/02/os-alemaes-e-as-pedras-preciosas-gauchas-cje4tmdeu00d701qoek6rfc3c.html">Os alemães e as pedras preciosas gaúchas</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://g1.globo.com/ciencia-e-saude/noticia/2012/12/maior-pedra-de-agua-marinha-e-brasileira-e-ficara-exposta-nos-eua.html">Maior pedra de água-marinha é brasileira e ficará exposta nos EUA</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/nossa-terra/2013/noticia/2013/07/pedras-de-ametista-sao-atrativos-para-turistas-em-cidade-no-norte-do-rs.html">"Pedras de ametista são atrativos para turistas em cidade no Norte do RS"</a>. July 4, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pedras+de+ametista+s%C3%A3o+atrativos+para+turistas+em+cidade+no+Norte+do+RS&rft.date=2013-07-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fg1.globo.com%2Frs%2Frio-grande-do-sul%2Fnossa-terra%2F2013%2Fnoticia%2F2013%2F07%2Fpedras-de-ametista-sao-atrativos-para-turistas-em-cidade-no-norte-do-rs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://perfildaindustria.portaldaindustria.com.br/estado/rs">Rio Grande do Sul Industry Profile</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-montadoras-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-montadoras_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.istoedinheiro.com.br/o-novo-mapa-das-montadoras/">O novo mapa das montadoras</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021110802/https://www.abicalcados.com.br/noticia/abicalcados-apresenta-relatorio-setorial-2019">"Abicalçados apresenta Relatório Setorial 2019"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abicalcados.com.br/noticia/abicalcados-apresenta-relatorio-setorial-2019">the original</a> on October 21, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abical%C3%A7ados+apresenta+Relat%C3%B3rio+Setorial+2019&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abicalcados.com.br%2Fnoticia%2Fabicalcados-apresenta-relatorio-setorial-2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fazcomex.com.br/blog/exportacao-de-calcados-saiba-mais/">Exportação de Calçados: Saiba mais</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://alimentosprocessados.com.br/industria-na-sociedade-brasileira.php">A indústria de alimentos e bebidas na sociedade brasileira atual</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://g1.globo.com/economia/noticia/2020/02/18/faturamento-da-industria-de-alimentos-cresceu-67percent-em-2019.ghtml">Faturamento da indústria de alimentos cresceu 6,7% em 2019</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/economia/noticia/2020-02/industria-de-alimentos-e-bebidas-faturaram-r-6999-bi-em-2019">"Indústria de alimentos e bebidas faturou R$ 699,9 bi em 2019"</a>. February 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ind%C3%BAstria+de+alimentos+e+bebidas+faturou+R%24+699%2C9+bi+em+2019&rft.date=2020-02-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fagenciabrasil.ebc.com.br%2Feconomia%2Fnoticia%2F2020-02%2Findustria-de-alimentos-e-bebidas-faturaram-r-6999-bi-em-2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/geral/noticia/2020/02/no-rs-54-municipios-ainda-nao-tem-acesso-asfaltico-e-sofrem-com-poeira-buracos-e-dificuldades-economicas-ck6wm0wqt0l7401qdr1onait8.html">No RS, 54 municípios ainda não têm acesso asfáltico e criança com poeira, buracos e dificuldades necessário</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://g1.globo.com/pr/parana/noticia/2021/02/15/quatro-cidades-do-parana-nao-tem-acessos-por-rodovias-estaduais-asfaltadas-moradores-enfrentam-lama-e-transtornos.ghtml">Quatro cidades do Paraná não têm acessos por rodovias estaduais asfaltadas; enfrentam lama e transtornos</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.em.com.br/app/noticia/gerais/2016/04/03/interna_gerais,749599/isolados-por-lama-e-poeira.shtml">Moradores de cidades sem ligação asfáltica vivencia por lama e poeira</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211230125049/https://www.sc.gov.br/noticias/temas/transportes-e-estradas/santa-catarina-tem-agora-acesso-asfaltado-a-todas-as-295-cidades">"Santa Catarina tem, agora, acesso asfaltado a todas as 295 cidades"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sc.gov.br/noticias/temas/transportes-e-estradas/santa-catarina-tem-agora-acesso-asfaltado-a-todas-as-295-cidades">the original</a> on December 30, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Santa+Catarina+tem%2C+agora%2C+acesso+asfaltado+a+todas+as+295+cidades&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sc.gov.br%2Fnoticias%2Ftemas%2Ftransportes-e-estradas%2Fsanta-catarina-tem-agora-acesso-asfaltado-a-todas-as-295-cidades&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.daer.rs.gov.br/upload/arquivos/202110/05172458-mapa-rs-frente.jpg">Mapa rodoviário do Rio Grande do Sul em 2021</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.daer.rs.gov.br/governo-libera-r-37-milhoes-para-acessos-asfalticos-em-oito-municipios">Governo libera R$ 37 milhões para acessos asfálticos em oito municípios</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/geral/noticia/2019/11/como-esta-a-br-386-nove-meses-depois-da-concessao-para-a-iniciativa-privada-ck30jx89501xs01phddz5a023.html">Como está a BR-386 nove meses depois da concessão para a iniciativa privada</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.estado.rs.gov.br/governador-assina-contrato-de-concessao-que-garantira-duplicacao-e-investimentos-de-r-2-7-bilhoes-na-rsc-287">Governador assina contrato de concessão que garantirá duplicação e investimentos de R$ 2,7 bilhões na RSC-287</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.br/dnit/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/dnit-libera-mais-11-3-km-de-trecho-duplicado-na-br-116-rs">DNIT libera mais 11,3 km de trecho duplicado na BR-116/RS</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.portorsrs.com.br/site/">Porto RS</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://g1.globo.com/rs/rio-grande-do-sul/noticia/2022/01/10/portos-do-rs-movimentam-mais-de-47-milhoes-de-toneladas-em-carga-e-fecham-2021-com-recorde.ghtml">Portos do RS movimentam mais de 47 milhões de toneladas em carga e fecham 2021 com recorde</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.estado.rs.gov.br/fazemos-grande-esforco-para-ampliar-geracao-de-energia-renovavel-no-rs-destaca-governador-em-painel-nacional">"Fazemos grande esforço para ampliar geração de energia renovável no RS", destaca governador em painel nacional</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pelotas13horas.com.br/eolica-vai-revolucionar-matriz-energetica-do-rs/">EÓLICA VAI REVOLUCIONAR MATRIZ ENERGÉTICA DO RS</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gauchazh.clicrbs.com.br/economia/noticia/2022/07/rs-atrai-maior-numero-de-empresas-no-pais-para-explorar-energia-eolica-em-alto-mar-cl61chmn700a9014sviqu9ycq.html">RS atrai maior número de empresas no país para explorar energia eólica em alto-mar</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220526150616/https://investrs.rs.gov.br/rs-em-numeros">"RS em números"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://investrs.rs.gov.br/rs-em-numeros">the original</a> on May 26, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RS+em+n%C3%BAmeros&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finvestrs.rs.gov.br%2Frs-em-numeros&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.br/aneel/pt-br/assuntos/noticias/2022/brasil-ultrapassa-marca-de-10-gw-em-micro-e-minigeracao-distribuida">Brasil ultrapassa marca de 10 GW em micro e minigeração distribuída</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cprm.gov.br/publique/Redes-Institucionais/Rede-de-Bibliotecas---Rede-Ametista/Carvao-Mineral-2558.html">Carvão Mineral</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tecnicoemineracao.com.br/carvao-mineral-no-brasil-e-no-mundo/">Carvão mineral no Brasil e no mundo</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aldeiaguarita.com.br/"><i>Terra Indígena Guarita: Bem Vindo á Terra Indígena Guarita</i> – Tenente Portela, Rio Grande do Sul – Brasil</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130410025752/http://www.aldeiaguarita.com.br/">Archived</a> April 10, 2013, at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lpm-editores.com.br/site/default.asp?Template=../livros/layout_produto.asp&CategoriaID=615491&ID=909490"><i>DICIONÁRIO DE PORTO-ALEGRÊS – Luís Augusto Fischer – L&PM Pocket – A maior coleção de livros de bolso do Brasil</i></a> (in Portuguese). Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: <a href="/w/index.php?title=L%26PM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="L&PM (page does not exist)">L&PM</a>. 2007. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-85-254-1681-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-85-254-1681-0"><bdi>978-85-254-1681-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 24,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=DICION%C3%81RIO+DE+PORTO-ALEGR%C3%8AS+%E2%80%93+Lu%C3%ADs+Augusto+Fischer+%E2%80%93+L%26PM+Pocket+%E2%80%93+A+maior+cole%C3%A7%C3%A3o+de+livros+de+bolso+do+Brasil&rft.place=Rio+Grande+do+Sul%2C+Brazil&rft.pub=L%26PM&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-85-254-1681-0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lpm-editores.com.br%2Fsite%2Fdefault.asp%3FTemplate%3D..%2Flivros%2Flayout_produto.asp%26CategoriaID%3D615491%26ID%3D909490&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160924145907/http://www.jornalcidadesdaserra.com.br/camara-bento-projeto-do-executivo-e-aprovado-e-talian-se-torna-a-lingua-co-oficial/">Câmara Bento – Projeto do Executivo é aprovado e Talian se torna a língua co-oficial</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330025133/https://www.radiocaxias.com.br/portal/noticias/lei-confirma-o-talian-como-segunda-lingua-oficial-de-caxias-do-sul-81255">Lei confirma o Talian como segunda língua oficial de Caxias do Sul</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160615153850/http://leouve.com.br/politica/serra-gaucha/item/55312-talian-%C3%A9-l%C3%ADngua-cooficial-de-flores-da-cunha">Talian é língua cooficial de Flores da Cunha</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170921120542/https://leismunicipais.com.br/a2/rs/n/nova-roma-do-sul/lei-ordinaria/2015/131/1310/lei-ordinaria-n-1310-2015-dispoe-sobre-a-cooficializacao-da-lingua-do-talian-a-lingua-portuguesa-no-municipio-de-nova-roma-do-sul">Lei Nº 1310 de 16 de outubro de 2015</a> – Dispõe sobre a cooficialização da língua do "talian", à língua portuguesa, no município de Nova Roma do Sul"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170106102600/http://www.novaromadosul.rs.gov.br/noticias_int.php?id=1418">O Talian agora é a língua co-oficial de Nova Roma do Sul</a>, município de Nova Roma do Sul</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190330031236/http://www.serafinacorrea.rs.gov.br/site/noticia/noticia_detalhe.php?gCdNoticia=406">Vereadores aprovam o talian como língua co-oficial do município</a>, Retrieved August 21, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ge.globo.com/rs/futebol/campeonato-gaucho/noticia/2022/04/02/gremio-e-pentacampeao-gaucho-e-reduz-vantagem-de-titulos-do-inter-veja-o-ranking-completo.ghtml">Grêmio é pentacampeão gaúcho e reduz vantagem de títulos do Inter; veja o ranking completo</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uol.com.br/esporte/futebol/ultimas-noticias/2014/12/25/gremio-supera-inter-e-tera-maior-jejum-de-titulos-grandes-da-historia-do-rs.htm">Grêmio supera Inter e terá maior jejum de títulos grandes da história do RS</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.radioculturafoz.com.br/2022/02/17/veja-os-times-com-mais-titulos-da-liga-nacional-de-futsal/">Veja os times com mais títulos da Liga Nacional de Futsal</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ge.globo.com/futsal/liga-nacional-de-futsal/noticia/carlos-barbosa-penta-jaragua-tetra-confira-todos-os-campeoes-da-liga-nacional-de-futsal-lnf.ghtml">Carlos Barbosa penta, Jaraguá tetra... confira todos os campeões da Liga Nacional de Futsal (LNF)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220701113827/https://www.cob.org.br/pt/cob/time-brasil/atletas/mayra-aguiar-da-silva">"Mayra Aguiar"</a>. <i>COB</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cob.org.br/pt/cob/time-brasil/atletas/mayra-aguiar-da-silva/">the original</a> on July 1, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=COB&rft.atitle=Mayra+Aguiar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cob.org.br%2Fpt%2Fcob%2Ftime-brasil%2Fatletas%2Fmayra-aguiar-da-silva%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220923095404/https://www.cob.org.br/pt/cob/time-brasil/atletas/daniel-cargnin">"Daniel Cargnin"</a>. <i>COB</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cob.org.br/pt/cob/time-brasil/atletas/daniel-cargnin/">the original</a> on September 23, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=COB&rft.atitle=Daniel+Cargnin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cob.org.br%2Fpt%2Fcob%2Ftime-brasil%2Fatletas%2Fdaniel-cargnin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220701113900/https://www.cob.org.br/pt/cob/time-brasil/atletas/fernando-scheffer/">"Fernando Scheffer"</a>. <i>COB</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cob.org.br/pt/cob/time-brasil/atletas/fernando-scheffer/">the original</a> on July 1, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=COB&rft.atitle=Fernando+Scheffer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cob.org.br%2Fpt%2Fcob%2Ftime-brasil%2Fatletas%2Ffernando-scheffer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220904164223/https://www.cob.org.br/pt/cob/time-brasil/atletas/andre-bier-gerdau-johannpeter/">"André Johannpeter"</a>. <i>COB</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cob.org.br/pt/cob/time-brasil/atletas/andre-bier-gerdau-johannpeter/">the original</a> on September 4, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=COB&rft.atitle=Andr%C3%A9+Johannpeter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cob.org.br%2Fpt%2Fcob%2Ftime-brasil%2Fatletas%2Fandre-bier-gerdau-johannpeter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cob.org.br/pt/cob/time-brasil/atletas/andre-heller/">"André Heller"</a>. <i>COB</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=COB&rft.atitle=Andr%C3%A9+Heller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cob.org.br%2Fpt%2Fcob%2Ftime-brasil%2Fatletas%2Fandre-heller%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2025">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220811045244/https://www.cob.org.br/pt/cob/time-brasil/atletas/gustavo-endres/">"Gustavo Endres"</a>. <i>COB</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cob.org.br/pt/cob/time-brasil/atletas/gustavo-endres/">the original</a> on August 11, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=COB&rft.atitle=Gustavo+Endres&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cob.org.br%2Fpt%2Fcob%2Ftime-brasil%2Fatletas%2Fgustavo-endres%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221207232352/https://www.cob.org.br/pt/cob/time-brasil/atletas/murilo-endres/">"Murilo Endres"</a>. <i>COB</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cob.org.br/pt/cob/time-brasil/atletas/murilo-endres/">the original</a> on December 7, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=COB&rft.atitle=Murilo+Endres&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cob.org.br%2Fpt%2Fcob%2Ftime-brasil%2Fatletas%2Fmurilo-endres%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esportes.yahoo.com/fotos/10-maiores-tenistas-brasileiros-slideshow-wp-173331589/">"10 maiores tenistas brasileiros"</a>. <i>Yahoo Esportes</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+Esportes&rft.atitle=10+maiores+tenistas+brasileiros&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fesportes.yahoo.com%2Ffotos%2F10-maiores-tenistas-brasileiros-slideshow-wp-173331589%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220527031019/https://tenisbrasil.uol.com.br/blogs/blogdotenis/index.php/2018/10/16/especial-20-anos-os-maiores-brasileiros-do-tenis/">"Especial 20 anos: os maiores brasileiros do tênis"</a>. <i>Tenisbrasil</i>. October 16, 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tenisbrasil.uol.com.br/blogs/blogdotenis/index.php/2018/10/16/especial-20-anos-os-maiores-brasileiros-do-tenis/">the original</a> on May 27, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tenisbrasil&rft.atitle=Especial+20+anos%3A+os+maiores+brasileiros+do+t%C3%AAnis&rft.date=2018-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftenisbrasil.uol.com.br%2Fblogs%2Fblogdotenis%2Findex.php%2F2018%2F10%2F16%2Fespecial-20-anos-os-maiores-brasileiros-do-tenis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.diariodecuiaba.com.br/esportes/conheca-o-curriculo-de-mequinho-o-melhor-enxadrista-do-brasil/94013">"Conheça o currículo de Mequinho, O melhor enxadrista do Brasil"</a>. <i>Diário de Cuiabá</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Di%C3%A1rio+de+Cuiab%C3%A1&rft.atitle=Conhe%C3%A7a+o+curr%C3%ADculo+de+Mequinho%2C+O+melhor+enxadrista+do+Brasil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.diariodecuiaba.com.br%2Fesportes%2Fconheca-o-curriculo-de-mequinho-o-melhor-enxadrista-do-brasil%2F94013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/esporte/2022/01/sou-o-profeta-do-apocalipse-diz-1o-brasileiro-grande-mestre-de-xadrez.shtml">"Mequinho, 1º brasileiro grande mestre de xadrez"</a>. <i>Folha de São Paulo</i>. January 12, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Folha+de+S%C3%A3o+Paulo&rft.atitle=Mequinho%2C+1%C2%BA+brasileiro+grande+mestre+de+xadrez&rft.date=2022-01-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww1.folha.uol.com.br%2Fesporte%2F2022%2F01%2Fsou-o-profeta-do-apocalipse-diz-1o-brasileiro-grande-mestre-de-xadrez.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ge.globo.com/handebol/noticia/2013/12/brasil-bate-servia-faz-historia-e-e-campeao-mundial-de-forma-invicta.html">"É campeão! Brasil vence a Sérvia e conquista seu primeiro título mundial"</a>. <i>Globoesporte</i>. December 22, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Globoesporte&rft.atitle=%C3%89+campe%C3%A3o%21+Brasil+vence+a+S%C3%A9rvia+e+conquista+seu+primeiro+t%C3%ADtulo+mundial&rft.date=2013-12-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fge.globo.com%2Fhandebol%2Fnoticia%2F2013%2F12%2Fbrasil-bate-servia-faz-historia-e-e-campeao-mundial-de-forma-invicta.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sogipa.com.br/150anos/home/historias/3">"A trajetória do bicampeão mundial"</a>. <i>Sogipa</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sogipa&rft.atitle=A+trajet%C3%B3ria+do+bicampe%C3%A3o+mundial&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sogipa.com.br%2F150anos%2Fhome%2Fhistorias%2F3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220817094413/https://www.cob.org.br/pt/cob/time-brasil/atletas/daiane-garcia-dos-santos">"Daiane dos Santos"</a>. <i>COB</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cob.org.br/pt/cob/time-brasil/atletas/daiane-garcia-dos-santos/">the original</a> on August 17, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=COB&rft.atitle=Daiane+dos+Santos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cob.org.br%2Fpt%2Fcob%2Ftime-brasil%2Fatletas%2Fdaiane-garcia-dos-santos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rededoesporte.gov.br/pt-br/noticias/grandes-momentos-de-2013-samuel-de-bona">"Grandes momentos de 2013: Samuel de Bona"</a>. <i>Rede do Esporte</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rede+do+Esporte&rft.atitle=Grandes+momentos+de+2013%3A+Samuel+de+Bona&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frededoesporte.gov.br%2Fpt-br%2Fnoticias%2Fgrandes-momentos-de-2013-samuel-de-bona&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARio+Grande+do+Sul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rio_Grande_do_Sul&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Rio Grande do Sul</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Rio Grande do Sul">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" class="extiw" title="c:Rio Grande do Sul">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Rio Grande do Sul">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Municipalities_of_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Template:Municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Municipalities_of_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Template talk:Municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities_of_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Municipalities_of_Rio_Grande_do_Sul516" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg/22px-Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg/33px-Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg/43px-Bandeira_do_Rio_Grande_do_Sul.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="List of municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul">Municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Capital: <b><a href="/wiki/Porto_Alegre" title="Porto Alegre">Porto Alegre</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mesoregion_Centro_Ocidental_Rio-Grandense516" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mesoregion <a href="/wiki/Centro_Ocidental_Rio-Grandense" title="Centro Ocidental Rio-Grandense">Centro Ocidental Rio-Grandense</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Restinga Seca</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agudo,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Agudo, Rio Grande do Sul">Agudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dona_Francisca" title="Dona Francisca">Dona Francisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faxinal_do_Soturno" title="Faxinal do Soturno">Faxinal do Soturno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formigueiro" title="Formigueiro">Formigueiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivor%C3%A1" title="Ivorá">Ivorá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Palma" title="Nova Palma">Nova Palma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restinga_Seca" title="Restinga Seca">Restinga Seca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_do_Pol%C3%AAsine" title="São João do Polêsine">São João do Polêsine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silveira_Martins" title="Silveira Martins">Silveira Martins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Santa Maria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cacequi" title="Cacequi">Cacequi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilermando_de_Aguiar" title="Dilermando de Aguiar">Dilermando de Aguiar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itaara" title="Itaara">Itaara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguari" title="Jaguari">Jaguari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mata,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Mata, Rio Grande do Sul">Mata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Esperan%C3%A7a_do_Sul" title="Nova Esperança do Sul">Nova Esperança do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul">Santa Maria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Martinho_da_Serra" title="São Martinho da Serra">São Martinho da Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Pedro_do_Sul,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="São Pedro do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul">São Pedro do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Sep%C3%A9" title="São Sepé">São Sepé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Vicente_do_Sul" title="São Vicente do Sul">São Vicente do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toropi" title="Toropi">Toropi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vila_Nova_do_Sul" title="Vila Nova do Sul">Vila Nova do Sul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microregion_of_Santiago" title="Microregion of Santiago">Santiago</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cap%C3%A3o_do_Cip%C3%B3" title="Capão do Cipó">Capão do Cipó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itacurubi" title="Itacurubi">Itacurubi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jari,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Jari, Rio Grande do Sul">Jari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BAlio_de_Castilhos" title="Júlio de Castilhos">Júlio de Castilhos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinhal_Grande" title="Pinhal Grande">Pinhal Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quevedos" title="Quevedos">Quevedos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul">Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupanciret%C3%A3" title="Tupanciretã">Tupanciretã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unistalda" title="Unistalda">Unistalda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brazil_State_RioGrandedoSul.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Brazil_State_RioGrandedoSul.svg/130px-Brazil_State_RioGrandedoSul.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Brazil_State_RioGrandedoSul.svg/195px-Brazil_State_RioGrandedoSul.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Brazil_State_RioGrandedoSul.svg/260px-Brazil_State_RioGrandedoSul.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="687" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mesoregion_Centro_Oriental_Rio-Grandense516" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mesoregion <a href="/wiki/Centro_Oriental_Rio-Grandense" title="Centro Oriental Rio-Grandense">Centro Oriental Rio-Grandense</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cachoeira do Sul</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cachoeira_do_Sul" title="Cachoeira do Sul">Cachoeira do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerro_Branco" title="Cerro Branco">Cerro Branco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novo_Cabrais" title="Novo Cabrais">Novo Cabrais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantano_Grande" title="Pantano Grande">Pantano Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para%C3%ADso_do_Sul" title="Paraíso do Sul">Paraíso do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passo_do_Sobrado" title="Passo do Sobrado">Passo do Sobrado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Pardo" title="Rio Pardo">Rio Pardo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lajeado-Estrela</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arroio_do_Meio" title="Arroio do Meio">Arroio do Meio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bom_Retiro_do_Sul" title="Bom Retiro do Sul">Bom Retiro do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boqueir%C3%A3o_do_Le%C3%A3o" title="Boqueirão do Leão">Boqueirão do Leão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canudos_do_Vale" title="Canudos do Vale">Canudos do Vale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capit%C3%A3o" title="Capitão">Capitão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colinas,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Colinas, Rio Grande do Sul">Colinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coqueiro_Baixo" title="Coqueiro Baixo">Coqueiro Baixo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruzeiro_do_Sul,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Cruzeiro do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul">Cruzeiro do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doutor_Ricardo" title="Doutor Ricardo">Doutor Ricardo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encantado,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Encantado, Rio Grande do Sul">Encantado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrela,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Estrela, Rio Grande do Sul">Estrela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazenda_Vilanova" title="Fazenda Vilanova">Fazenda Vilanova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forquetinha" title="Forquetinha">Forquetinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imigrante" title="Imigrante">Imigrante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lajeado,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul">Lajeado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marques_de_Souza" title="Marques de Souza">Marques de Souza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu%C3%A7um" title="Muçum">Muçum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Br%C3%A9scia" title="Nova Bréscia">Nova Bréscia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paverama" title="Paverama">Paverama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pouso_Novo" title="Pouso Novo">Pouso Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progresso,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Progresso, Rio Grande do Sul">Progresso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relvado" title="Relvado">Relvado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roca_Sales" title="Roca Sales">Roca Sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_do_Sul" title="Santa Clara do Sul">Santa Clara do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9rio" title="Sério">Sério</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taba%C3%AD" title="Tabaí">Tabaí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taquari" title="Taquari">Taquari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teut%C3%B4nia" title="Teutônia">Teutônia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travesseiro" title="Travesseiro">Travesseiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespasiano_Correa" title="Vespasiano Correa">Vespasiano Correa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westf%C3%A1lia" title="Westfália">Westfália</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Santa Cruz do Sul</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arroio_do_Tigre" title="Arroio do Tigre">Arroio do Tigre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candel%C3%A1ria,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Candelária, Rio Grande do Sul">Candelária</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estrela_Velha" title="Estrela Velha">Estrela Velha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramado_Xavier" title="Gramado Xavier">Gramado Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herveiras" title="Herveiras">Herveiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibarama" title="Ibarama">Ibarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagoa_Bonita_do_Sul" title="Lagoa Bonita do Sul">Lagoa Bonita do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mato_Leit%C3%A3o" title="Mato Leitão">Mato Leitão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passa_Sete" title="Passa Sete">Passa Sete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_do_Sul" title="Santa Cruz do Sul">Santa Cruz do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segredo" title="Segredo">Segredo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinimbu" title="Sinimbu">Sinimbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobradinho,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Sobradinho, Rio Grande do Sul">Sobradinho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vale_do_Sol" title="Vale do Sol">Vale do Sol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ven%C3%A2ncio_Aires" title="Venâncio Aires">Venâncio Aires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vera_Cruz,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Vera Cruz, Rio Grande do Sul">Vera Cruz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mesoregion_Metropolitana_de_Porto_Alegre516" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mesoregion <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Porto_Alegre" title="Metropolitan Porto Alegre">Metropolitana de Porto Alegre</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Camaquã</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arambar%C3%A9" title="Arambaré">Arambaré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barra_do_Ribeiro" title="Barra do Ribeiro">Barra do Ribeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camaqu%C3%A3" title="Camaquã">Camaquã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerro_Grande_do_Sul" title="Cerro Grande do Sul">Cerro Grande do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvisca" title="Chuvisca">Chuvisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dom_Feliciano" title="Dom Feliciano">Dom Feliciano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinela_do_Sul" title="Sentinela do Sul">Sentinela do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapes,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Tapes, Rio Grande do Sul">Tapes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gramado-Canela</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canela,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Canela, Rio Grande do Sul">Canela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dois_Irm%C3%A3os" title="Dois Irmãos">Dois Irmãos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramado" title="Gramado">Gramado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igrejinha" title="Igrejinha">Igrejinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivoti" title="Ivoti">Ivoti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindolfo_Collor,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Lindolfo Collor, Rio Grande do Sul">Lindolfo Collor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morro_Reuter" title="Morro Reuter">Morro Reuter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Petr%C3%B3polis" title="Nova Petrópolis">Nova Petrópolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picada_Caf%C3%A9" title="Picada Café">Picada Café</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidente_Lucena" title="Presidente Lucena">Presidente Lucena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riozinho" title="Riozinho">Riozinho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolante" title="Rolante">Rolante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria_do_Herval" title="Santa Maria do Herval">Santa Maria do Herval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taquara" title="Taquara">Taquara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%AAs_Coroas" title="Três Coroas">Três Coroas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Montenegro</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alto_Feliz" title="Alto Feliz">Alto Feliz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar%C3%A3o" title="Barão">Barão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bom_Princ%C3%ADpio" title="Bom Princípio">Bom Princípio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brochier" title="Brochier">Brochier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capela_de_Santana" title="Capela de Santana">Capela de Santana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feliz" title="Feliz">Feliz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harmonia,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Harmonia, Rio Grande do Sul">Harmonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linha_Nova" title="Linha Nova">Linha Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marat%C3%A1" title="Maratá">Maratá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Montenegro, Rio Grande do Sul">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pareci_Novo" title="Pareci Novo">Pareci Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Po%C3%A7o_das_Antas" title="Poço das Antas">Poço das Antas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A3o" title="Portão">Portão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_do_Sul" title="Salvador do Sul">Salvador do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_do_Hort%C3%AAncio" title="São José do Hortêncio">São José do Hortêncio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_do_Sul" title="São José do Sul">São José do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Pedro_da_Serra" title="São Pedro da Serra">São Pedro da Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Sebasti%C3%A3o_do_Ca%C3%AD" title="São Sebastião do Caí">São Sebastião do Caí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Vendelino" title="São Vendelino">São Vendelino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupandi" title="Tupandi">Tupandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vale_Real" title="Vale Real">Vale Real</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Osório</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arroio_do_Sal" title="Arroio do Sal">Arroio do Sal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balne%C3%A1rio_Pinhal" title="Balneário Pinhal">Balneário Pinhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap%C3%A3o_da_Canoa" title="Capão da Canoa">Capão da Canoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capivari_do_Sul" title="Capivari do Sul">Capivari do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cara%C3%A1" title="Caraá">Caraá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cidreira" title="Cidreira">Cidreira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dom_Pedro_de_Alc%C3%A2ntara" title="Dom Pedro de Alcântara">Dom Pedro de Alcântara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imb%C3%A9" title="Imbé">Imbé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itati" title="Itati">Itati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mampituba" title="Mampituba">Mampituba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maquin%C3%A9" title="Maquiné">Maquiné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrinhos_do_Sul" title="Morrinhos do Sul">Morrinhos do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostardas" title="Mostardas">Mostardas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Os%C3%B3rio,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Osório, Rio Grande do Sul">Osório</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmares_do_Sul" title="Palmares do Sul">Palmares do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Ant%C3%B4nio_da_Patrulha" title="Santo Antônio da Patrulha">Santo Antônio da Patrulha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavares,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Tavares, Rio Grande do Sul">Tavares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_de_Areia" title="Terra de Areia">Terra de Areia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torres,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Torres, Rio Grande do Sul">Torres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramanda%C3%AD" title="Tramandaí">Tramandaí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%AAs_Cachoeiras" title="Três Cachoeiras">Três Cachoeiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%AAs_Forquilhas" title="Três Forquilhas">Três Forquilhas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xangri-l%C3%A1" title="Xangri-lá">Xangri-lá</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Porto Alegre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alvorada" title="Alvorada">Alvorada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araric%C3%A1" title="Araricá">Araricá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cachoeirinha" title="Cachoeirinha">Cachoeirinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campo_Bom" title="Campo Bom">Campo Bom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canoas" title="Canoas">Canoas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldorado_do_Sul" title="Eldorado do Sul">Eldorado do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A2ncia_Velha" title="Estância Velha">Estância Velha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esteio" title="Esteio">Esteio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorinha" title="Glorinha">Glorinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravata%C3%AD" title="Gravataí">Gravataí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gua%C3%ADba" title="Guaíba">Guaíba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_Pimentel" title="Mariana Pimentel">Mariana Pimentel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Hartz" title="Nova Hartz">Nova Hartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Santa_Rita" title="Nova Santa Rita">Nova Santa Rita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novo_Hamburgo" title="Novo Hamburgo">Novo Hamburgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parob%C3%A9" title="Parobé">Parobé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_Alegre" title="Porto Alegre">Porto Alegre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Leopoldo" title="São Leopoldo">São Leopoldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapiranga" title="Sapiranga">Sapiranga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapucaia_do_Sul" title="Sapucaia do Sul">Sapucaia do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sert%C3%A3o_Santana" title="Sertão Santana">Sertão Santana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viam%C3%A3o" title="Viamão">Viamão</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">São Jerônimo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arroio_dos_Ratos" title="Arroio dos Ratos">Arroio dos Ratos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar%C3%A3o_do_Triunfo" title="Barão do Triunfo">Barão do Triunfo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buti%C3%A1" title="Butiá">Butiá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charqueadas" title="Charqueadas">Charqueadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_C%C3%A2mara" title="General Câmara">General Câmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minas_do_Le%C3%A3o" title="Minas do Leão">Minas do Leão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jer%C3%B4nimo" title="São Jerônimo">São Jerônimo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triunfo,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Triunfo, Rio Grande do Sul">Triunfo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vale_Verde" title="Vale Verde">Vale Verde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mesoregion_Nordeste_Rio-Grandense516" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mesoregion Nordeste Rio-Grandense</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caxias do Sul</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Prado" title="Antônio Prado">Antônio Prado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bento_Gon%C3%A7alves,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Bento Gonçalves, Rio Grande do Sul">Bento Gonçalves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boa_Vista_do_Sul" title="Boa Vista do Sul">Boa Vista do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Barbosa" title="Carlos Barbosa">Carlos Barbosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caxias_do_Sul" title="Caxias do Sul">Caxias do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronel_Pilar" title="Coronel Pilar">Coronel Pilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotipor%C3%A3" title="Cotiporã">Cotiporã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagundes_Varela,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Fagundes Varela, Rio Grande do Sul">Fagundes Varela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farroupilha" title="Farroupilha">Farroupilha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flores_da_Cunha" title="Flores da Cunha">Flores da Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garibaldi,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Garibaldi, Rio Grande do Sul">Garibaldi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Belo_do_Sul" title="Monte Belo do Sul">Monte Belo do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_P%C3%A1dua" title="Nova Pádua">Nova Pádua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Roma_do_Sul" title="Nova Roma do Sul">Nova Roma do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinto_Bandeira" title="Pinto Bandeira">Pinto Bandeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Tereza,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Santa Tereza, Rio Grande do Sul">Santa Tereza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Marcos" title="São Marcos">São Marcos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veran%C3%B3polis" title="Veranópolis">Veranópolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vila_Flores" title="Vila Flores">Vila Flores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Guaporé</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_da_Rocha" title="André da Rocha">André da Rocha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anta_Gorda" title="Anta Gorda">Anta Gorda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvorezinha" title="Arvorezinha">Arvorezinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dois_Lajeados" title="Dois Lajeados">Dois Lajeados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guabiju" title="Guabiju">Guabiju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guapor%C3%A9,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Guaporé, Rio Grande do Sul">Guaporé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Il%C3%B3polis" title="Ilópolis">Ilópolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itapuca" title="Itapuca">Itapuca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montauri" title="Montauri">Montauri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Alvorada" title="Nova Alvorada">Nova Alvorada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Ara%C3%A7%C3%A1" title="Nova Araçá">Nova Araçá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Bassano" title="Nova Bassano">Nova Bassano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Prata" title="Nova Prata">Nova Prata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para%C3%AD" title="Paraí">Paraí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prot%C3%A1sio_Alves" title="Protásio Alves">Protásio Alves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putinga" title="Putinga">Putinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jorge,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="São Jorge, Rio Grande do Sul">São Jorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Valentim_do_Sul" title="São Valentim do Sul">São Valentim do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serafina_Corr%C3%AAa" title="Serafina Corrêa">Serafina Corrêa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_da_Serra" title="União da Serra">União da Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vista_Alegre_do_Prata" title="Vista Alegre do Prata">Vista Alegre do Prata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vacaria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bom_Jesus,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Bom Jesus, Rio Grande do Sul">Bom Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambar%C3%A1_do_Sul" title="Cambará do Sul">Cambará do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campestre_da_Serra" title="Campestre da Serra">Campestre da Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap%C3%A3o_Bonito_do_Sul" title="Capão Bonito do Sul">Capão Bonito do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esmeralda,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Esmeralda, Rio Grande do Sul">Esmeralda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ip%C3%AA,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Ipê, Rio Grande do Sul">Ipê</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaquirana" title="Jaquirana">Jaquirana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagoa_Vermelha" title="Lagoa Vermelha">Lagoa Vermelha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monte_Alegre_dos_Campos" title="Monte Alegre dos Campos">Monte Alegre dos Campos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muitos_Cap%C3%B5es" title="Muitos Capões">Muitos Capões</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinhal_da_Serra" title="Pinhal da Serra">Pinhal da Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Francisco_de_Paula,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul">São Francisco de Paula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_dos_Ausentes" title="São José dos Ausentes">São José dos Ausentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacaria" title="Vacaria">Vacaria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mesoregion_Noroeste_Rio-Grandense516" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mesoregion <a href="/wiki/Noroeste_Rio-Grandense" title="Noroeste Rio-Grandense">Noroeste Rio-Grandense</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Carazinho</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almirante_Tamandar%C3%A9_do_Sul" title="Almirante Tamandaré do Sul">Almirante Tamandaré do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barra_Funda" title="Barra Funda">Barra Funda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boa_Vista_das_Miss%C3%B5es" title="Boa Vista das Missões">Boa Vista das Missões</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carazinho" title="Carazinho">Carazinho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerro_Grande,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Cerro Grande, Rio Grande do Sul">Cerro Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapada,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Chapada, Rio Grande do Sul">Chapada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coqueiros_do_Sul" title="Coqueiros do Sul">Coqueiros do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaboticaba,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Jaboticaba, Rio Grande do Sul">Jaboticaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lajeado_do_Bugre" title="Lajeado do Bugre">Lajeado do Bugre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Boa_Vista" title="Nova Boa Vista">Nova Boa Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novo_Barreiro" title="Novo Barreiro">Novo Barreiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmeira_das_Miss%C3%B5es" title="Palmeira das Missões">Palmeira das Missões</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinhal,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Pinhal, Rio Grande do Sul">Pinhal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagrada_Fam%C3%ADlia,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Sagrada Família, Rio Grande do Sul">Sagrada Família</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Ant%C3%B4nio_do_Planalto" title="Santo Antônio do Planalto">Santo Antônio do Planalto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_das_Miss%C3%B5es" title="São José das Missões">São José das Missões</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Pedro_das_Miss%C3%B5es" title="São Pedro das Missões">São Pedro das Missões</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarandi,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Sarandi, Rio Grande do Sul">Sarandi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cerro Largo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caibat%C3%A9" title="Caibaté">Caibaté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campina_das_Miss%C3%B5es" title="Campina das Missões">Campina das Missões</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerro_Largo,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Cerro Largo, Rio Grande do Sul">Cerro Largo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarani_das_Miss%C3%B5es" title="Guarani das Missões">Guarani das Missões</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mato_Queimado" title="Mato Queimado">Mato Queimado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_Xavier" title="Porto Xavier">Porto Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roque_Gonzales,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Roque Gonzales, Rio Grande do Sul">Roque Gonzales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_das_Miss%C3%B5es" title="Salvador das Missões">Salvador das Missões</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_das_Miss%C3%B5es" title="São Paulo das Missões">São Paulo das Missões</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Pedro_do_Buti%C3%A1" title="São Pedro do Butiá">São Pedro do Butiá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sete_de_Setembro,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Sete de Setembro, Rio Grande do Sul">Sete de Setembro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cruz Alta</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alto_Alegre,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Alto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul">Alto Alegre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boa_Vista_do_Cadeado" title="Boa Vista do Cadeado">Boa Vista do Cadeado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boa_Vista_do_Incra" title="Boa Vista do Incra">Boa Vista do Incra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campos_Borges" title="Campos Borges">Campos Borges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruz_Alta,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Cruz Alta, Rio Grande do Sul">Cruz Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Espumoso" title="Espumoso">Espumoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortaleza_dos_Valos" title="Fortaleza dos Valos">Fortaleza dos Valos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibirub%C3%A1" title="Ibirubá">Ibirubá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacuizinho" title="Jacuizinho">Jacuizinho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3ia" title="Jóia">Jóia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinze_de_Novembro" title="Quinze de Novembro">Quinze de Novembro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saldanha_Marinho" title="Saldanha Marinho">Saldanha Marinho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salto_do_Jacu%C3%AD" title="Salto do Jacuí">Salto do Jacuí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_B%C3%A1rbara_do_Sul" title="Santa Bárbara do Sul">Santa Bárbara do Sul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Erechim</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aratiba" title="Aratiba">Aratiba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81urea" title="Áurea">Áurea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar%C3%A3o_de_Cotegipe" title="Barão de Cotegipe">Barão de Cotegipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barra_do_Rio_Azul" title="Barra do Rio Azul">Barra do Rio Azul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Constant_do_Sul" title="Benjamin Constant do Sul">Benjamin Constant do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campinas_do_Sul" title="Campinas do Sul">Campinas do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Gomes,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Carlos Gomes, Rio Grande do Sul">Carlos Gomes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centen%C3%A1rio,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Centenário, Rio Grande do Sul">Centenário</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruzaltense" title="Cruzaltense">Cruzaltense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entre_Rios_do_Sul" title="Entre Rios do Sul">Entre Rios do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erebango" title="Erebango">Erebango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erechim" title="Erechim">Erechim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erval_Grande" title="Erval Grande">Erval Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Estação">Estação</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faxinalzinho" title="Faxinalzinho">Faxinalzinho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floriano_Peixoto,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Floriano Peixoto, Rio Grande do Sul">Floriano Peixoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaurama" title="Gaurama">Gaurama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Get%C3%BAlio_Vargas,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Getúlio Vargas, Rio Grande do Sul">Getúlio Vargas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ipiranga_do_Sul" title="Ipiranga do Sul">Ipiranga do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itatiba_do_Sul" title="Itatiba do Sul">Itatiba do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacutinga,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Jacutinga, Rio Grande do Sul">Jacutinga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelino_Ramos" title="Marcelino Ramos">Marcelino Ramos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariano_Moro" title="Mariano Moro">Mariano Moro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Bento,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Paulo Bento, Rio Grande do Sul">Paulo Bento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponte_Preta,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Ponte Preta, Rio Grande do Sul">Ponte Preta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quatro_Irm%C3%A3os" title="Quatro Irmãos">Quatro Irmãos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Valentim" title="São Valentim">São Valentim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severiano_de_Almeida" title="Severiano de Almeida">Severiano de Almeida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%AAs_Arroios" title="Três Arroios">Três Arroios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viadutos" title="Viadutos">Viadutos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microregion_of_Frederico_Westphalen" title="Microregion of Frederico Westphalen">Frederico Westphalen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpestre" title="Alpestre">Alpestre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ametista_do_Sul" title="Ametista do Sul">Ametista do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cai%C3%A7ara,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Caiçara, Rio Grande do Sul">Caiçara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantina,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Constantina, Rio Grande do Sul">Constantina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristal_do_Sul" title="Cristal do Sul">Cristal do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dois_Irm%C3%A3os_das_Miss%C3%B5es" title="Dois Irmãos das Missões">Dois Irmãos das Missões</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engenho_Velho" title="Engenho Velho">Engenho Velho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erval_Seco" title="Erval Seco">Erval Seco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederico_Westphalen" title="Frederico Westphalen">Frederico Westphalen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramado_dos_Loureiros" title="Gramado dos Loureiros">Gramado dos Loureiros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ira%C3%AD" title="Iraí">Iraí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberato_Salzano" title="Liberato Salzano">Liberato Salzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonoai" title="Nonoai">Nonoai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novo_Tiradentes" title="Novo Tiradentes">Novo Tiradentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novo_Xingu" title="Novo Xingu">Novo Xingu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmitinho" title="Palmitinho">Palmitinho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinheirinho_do_Vale" title="Pinheirinho do Vale">Pinheirinho do Vale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planalto,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Planalto, Rio Grande do Sul">Planalto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_dos_%C3%8Dndios" title="Rio dos Índios">Rio dos Índios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodeio_Bonito" title="Rodeio Bonito">Rodeio Bonito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondinha" title="Rondinha">Rondinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seberi" title="Seberi">Seberi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taquaru%C3%A7u_do_Sul" title="Taquaruçu do Sul">Taquaruçu do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%AAs_Palmeiras" title="Três Palmeiras">Três Palmeiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trindade_do_Sul" title="Trindade do Sul">Trindade do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicente_Dutra" title="Vicente Dutra">Vicente Dutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vista_Alegre,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Vista Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul">Vista Alegre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microregion_of_Iju%C3%AD" title="Microregion of Ijuí">Ijuí</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajuricaba" title="Ajuricaba">Ajuricaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alegria,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Alegria, Rio Grande do Sul">Alegria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pestana" title="Augusto Pestana">Augusto Pestana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bozano" title="Bozano">Bozano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiapeta" title="Chiapeta">Chiapeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condor,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Condor, Rio Grande do Sul">Condor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronel_Barros" title="Coronel Barros">Coronel Barros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronel_Bicaco" title="Coronel Bicaco">Coronel Bicaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iju%C3%AD" title="Ijuí">Ijuí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inhacor%C3%A1" title="Inhacorá">Inhacorá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Ramada" title="Nova Ramada">Nova Ramada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panambi" title="Panambi">Panambi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peju%C3%A7ara" title="Pejuçara">Pejuçara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Augusto" title="Santo Augusto">Santo Augusto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Val%C3%A9rio_do_Sul" title="São Valério do Sul">São Valério do Sul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nao-Me-Toque</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colorado,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Colorado, Rio Grande do Sul">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagoa_dos_Tr%C3%AAs_Cantos" title="Lagoa dos Três Cantos">Lagoa dos Três Cantos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A3o-Me-Toque" title="Não-Me-Toque">Não-Me-Toque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selbach,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Selbach, Rio Grande do Sul">Selbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapera,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Tapera, Rio Grande do Sul">Tapera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tio_Hugo" title="Tio Hugo">Tio Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Graeff" title="Victor Graeff">Victor Graeff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Passo Fundo</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81gua_Santa,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Água Santa, Rio Grande do Sul">Água Santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camargo,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Camargo, Rio Grande do Sul">Camargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casca,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Casca, Rio Grande do Sul">Casca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caseiros" title="Caseiros">Caseiros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charrua,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Charrua, Rio Grande do Sul">Charrua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cir%C3%ADaco" title="Ciríaco">Ciríaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coxilha" title="Coxilha">Coxilha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Canabarro,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="David Canabarro, Rio Grande do Sul">David Canabarro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernestina,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Ernestina, Rio Grande do Sul">Ernestina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentil,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Gentil, Rio Grande do Sul">Gentil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibiraiaras" title="Ibiraiaras">Ibiraiaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marau" title="Marau">Marau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mato_Castelhano" title="Mato Castelhano">Mato Castelhano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muliterno" title="Muliterno">Muliterno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolau_Vergueiro" title="Nicolau Vergueiro">Nicolau Vergueiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passo_Fundo" title="Passo Fundo">Passo Fundo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont%C3%A3o" title="Pontão">Pontão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronda_Alta" title="Ronda Alta">Ronda Alta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cec%C3%ADlia_do_Sul" title="Santa Cecília do Sul">Santa Cecília do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Ant%C3%B4nio_do_Palma" title="Santo Antônio do Palma">Santo Antônio do Palma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Domingos_do_Sul" title="São Domingos do Sul">São Domingos do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sert%C3%A3o,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Sertão, Rio Grande do Sul">Sertão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapejara,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Tapejara, Rio Grande do Sul">Tapejara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanini,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Vanini, Rio Grande do Sul">Vanini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vila_L%C3%A2ngaro" title="Vila Lângaro">Vila Lângaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vila_Maria,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Vila Maria, Rio Grande do Sul">Vila Maria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sananduva</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrac%C3%A3o,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Barracão, Rio Grande do Sul">Barracão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacique_Doble" title="Cacique Doble">Cacique Doble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibia%C3%A7%C3%A1" title="Ibiaçá">Ibiaçá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machadinho" title="Machadinho">Machadinho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximiliano_de_Almeida" title="Maximiliano de Almeida">Maximiliano de Almeida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paim_Filho" title="Paim Filho">Paim Filho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sananduva" title="Sananduva">Sananduva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Expedito_do_Sul" title="Santo Expedito do Sul">Santo Expedito do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_da_Urtiga" title="São João da Urtiga">São João da Urtiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_do_Ouro" title="São José do Ouro">São José do Ouro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tupanci_do_Sul" title="Tupanci do Sul">Tupanci do Sul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Santa Rosa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alecrim" title="Alecrim">Alecrim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2ndido_God%C3%B3i" title="Cândido Godói">Cândido Godói</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independ%C3%AAncia,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Independência, Rio Grande do Sul">Independência</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novo_Machado" title="Novo Machado">Novo Machado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_Lucena" title="Porto Lucena">Porto Lucena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_Mau%C3%A1" title="Porto Mauá">Porto Mauá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto_Vera_Cruz" title="Porto Vera Cruz">Porto Vera Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Santa Rosa, Rio Grande do Sul">Santa Rosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Cristo" title="Santo Cristo">Santo Cristo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_do_Inhacor%C3%A1" title="São José do Inhacorá">São José do Inhacorá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%AAs_de_Maio" title="Três de Maio">Três de Maio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucunduva" title="Tucunduva">Tucunduva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuparendi" title="Tuparendi">Tuparendi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microregion_of_Santo_%C3%82ngelo" title="Microregion of Santo Ângelo">Santo Ângelo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bossoroca" title="Bossoroca">Bossoroca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catu%C3%ADpe" title="Catuípe">Catuípe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dezesseis_de_Novembro" title="Dezesseis de Novembro">Dezesseis de Novembro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entre-Iju%C3%ADs" title="Entre-Ijuís">Entre-Ijuís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%AAnio_de_Castro" title="Eugênio de Castro">Eugênio de Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giru%C3%A1" title="Giruá">Giruá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirap%C3%B3" title="Pirapó">Pirapó</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolador" title="Rolador">Rolador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_%C3%82ngelo" title="Santo Ângelo">Santo Ângelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Ant%C3%B4nio_das_Miss%C3%B5es" title="Santo Antônio das Missões">Santo Antônio das Missões</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Luiz_Gonzaga" title="São Luiz Gonzaga">São Luiz Gonzaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Miguel_das_Miss%C3%B5es" title="São Miguel das Missões">São Miguel das Missões</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Nicolau,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="São Nicolau, Rio Grande do Sul">São Nicolau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senador_Salgado_Filho" title="Senador Salgado Filho">Senador Salgado Filho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubiretama" title="Ubiretama">Ubiretama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vit%C3%B3ria_das_Miss%C3%B5es" title="Vitória das Missões">Vitória das Missões</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soledade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barros_Cassal" title="Barros Cassal">Barros Cassal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontoura_Xavier" title="Fontoura Xavier">Fontoura Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibirapuit%C3%A3" title="Ibirapuitã">Ibirapuitã</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lago%C3%A3o" title="Lagoão">Lagoão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morma%C3%A7o" title="Mormaço">Mormaço</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_do_Herval" title="São José do Herval">São José do Herval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soledade" title="Soledade">Soledade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunas,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Tunas, Rio Grande do Sul">Tunas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Três Passos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barra_do_Guarita" title="Barra do Guarita">Barra do Guarita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boa_Vista_do_Buric%C3%A1" title="Boa Vista do Buricá">Boa Vista do Buricá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bom_Progresso" title="Bom Progresso">Bom Progresso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braga,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Braga, Rio Grande do Sul">Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campo_Novo" title="Campo Novo">Campo Novo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crissiumal" title="Crissiumal">Crissiumal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derrubadas" title="Derrubadas">Derrubadas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doutor_Maur%C3%ADcio_Cardoso" title="Doutor Maurício Cardoso">Doutor Maurício Cardoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esperan%C3%A7a_do_Sul" title="Esperança do Sul">Esperança do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontina" title="Horizontina">Horizontina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humait%C3%A1,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Humaitá, Rio Grande do Sul">Humaitá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miragua%C3%AD" title="Miraguaí">Miraguaí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Candel%C3%A1ria" title="Nova Candelária">Nova Candelária</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redentora" title="Redentora">Redentora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Martinho,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="São Martinho, Rio Grande do Sul">São Martinho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sede_Nova" title="Sede Nova">Sede Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenente_Portela" title="Tenente Portela">Tenente Portela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiradentes_do_Sul" title="Tiradentes do Sul">Tiradentes do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%AAs_Passos" title="Três Passos">Três Passos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vista_Ga%C3%BAcha" title="Vista Gaúcha">Vista Gaúcha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mesoregion_Sudeste_Rio-Grandense516" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mesoregion <a href="/wiki/Sudeste_Rio-Grandense" title="Sudeste Rio-Grandense">Sudeste Rio-Grandense</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microregion_of_Jaguar%C3%A3o" title="Microregion of Jaguarão">Jaguarão</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arroio_Grande" title="Arroio Grande">Arroio Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herval" title="Herval">Herval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaguar%C3%A3o" title="Jaguarão">Jaguarão</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microregion_of_Litoral_Lagunar" title="Microregion of Litoral Lagunar">Litoral Lagunar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chu%C3%AD" title="Chuí">Chuí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Vit%C3%B3ria_do_Palmar" title="Santa Vitória do Palmar">Santa Vitória do Palmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jos%C3%A9_do_Norte" title="São José do Norte">São José do Norte</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microregion_of_Pelotas" title="Microregion of Pelotas">Pelotas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arroio_do_Padre" title="Arroio do Padre">Arroio do Padre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cangu%C3%A7u" title="Canguçu">Canguçu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap%C3%A3o_do_Le%C3%A3o" title="Capão do Leão">Capão do Leão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerrito,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Cerrito, Rio Grande do Sul">Cerrito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristal,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Cristal, Rio Grande do Sul">Cristal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morro_Redondo" title="Morro Redondo">Morro Redondo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Os%C3%B3rio" title="Pedro Osório">Pedro Osório</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelotas" title="Pelotas">Pelotas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Louren%C3%A7o_do_Sul" title="São Lourenço do Sul">São Lourenço do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turu%C3%A7u" title="Turuçu">Turuçu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microregion_of_Serras_de_Sudeste" title="Microregion of Serras de Sudeste">Serras de Sudeste</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaral_Ferrador" title="Amaral Ferrador">Amaral Ferrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ca%C3%A7apava_do_Sul" title="Caçapava do Sul">Caçapava do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candiota" title="Candiota">Candiota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encruzilhada_do_Sul" title="Encruzilhada do Sul">Encruzilhada do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedras_Altas" title="Pedras Altas">Pedras Altas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinheiro_Machado" title="Pinheiro Machado">Pinheiro Machado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piratini" title="Piratini">Piratini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santana_da_Boa_Vista" title="Santana da Boa Vista">Santana da Boa Vista</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Mesoregion_Sudoeste_Rio-Grandense516" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Mesoregion <a href="/wiki/Sudoeste_Rio-Grandense" title="Sudoeste Rio-Grandense">Sudoeste Rio-Grandense</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microregion_of_Campanha_Central" title="Microregion of Campanha Central">Campanha Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ros%C3%A1rio_do_Sul" title="Rosário do Sul">Rosário do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Margarida_do_Sul" title="Santa Margarida do Sul">Santa Margarida do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santana_do_Livramento" title="Santana do Livramento">Santana do Livramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Gabriel,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="São Gabriel, Rio Grande do Sul">São Gabriel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Campanha Meridional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acegu%C3%A1,_Brazil" title="Aceguá, Brazil">Aceguá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bag%C3%A9" title="Bagé">Bagé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dom_Pedrito" title="Dom Pedrito">Dom Pedrito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulha_Negra" title="Hulha Negra">Hulha Negra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavras_do_Sul" title="Lavras do Sul">Lavras do Sul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microregion_of_Campanha_Ocidental" title="Microregion of Campanha Ocidental">Campanha Ocidental</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alegrete" title="Alegrete">Alegrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barra_do_Quara%C3%AD" title="Barra do Quaraí">Barra do Quaraí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garruchos,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Garruchos, Rio Grande do Sul">Garruchos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itaqui" title="Itaqui">Itaqui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%C3%A7ambara" title="Maçambara">Maçambara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manoel_Viana" title="Manoel Viana">Manoel Viana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Borja" title="São Borja">São Borja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Francisco_de_Assis,_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="São Francisco de Assis, Rio Grande do Sul">São Francisco de Assis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguaiana" title="Uruguaiana">Uruguaiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quara%C3%AD" title="Quaraí">Quaraí</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central-West_Region,_Brazil" title="Central-West Region, Brazil">Center-West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_District_(Brazil)" title="Federal District (Brazil)">Distrito Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goi%C3%A1s" title="Goiás">Goiás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso" title="Mato Grosso">Mato Grosso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso_do_Sul" title="Mato Grosso do Sul">Mato Grosso do Sul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Southeast Region, Brazil">Southeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo">Espírito Santo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)" title="Rio de Janeiro (state)">Rio de Janeiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)" title="São Paulo (state)">São Paulo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Region,_Brazil" title="South Region, Brazil">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paran%C3%A1_(state)" title="Paraná (state)">Paraná</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rio Grande do Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina_(state)" title="Santa Catarina (state)">Santa Catarina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Northeast Region, Brazil">Northeast</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alagoas" title="Alagoas">Alagoas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahia" title="Bahia">Bahia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cear%C3%A1" title="Ceará">Ceará</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maranh%C3%A3o" title="Maranhão">Maranhão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para%C3%ADba" title="Paraíba">Paraíba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pernambuco" title="Pernambuco">Pernambuco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piau%C3%AD" title="Piauí">Piauí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Norte" title="Rio Grande do Norte">Rio Grande do Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergipe" title="Sergipe">Sergipe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Region,_Brazil" title="North Region, Brazil">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acre_(state)" title="Acre (state)">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Amapá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazonas_(Brazilian_state)" title="Amazonas (Brazilian state)">Amazonas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Par%C3%A1" title="Pará">Pará</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rond%C3%B4nia" title="Rondônia">Rondônia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roraima" title="Roraima">Roraima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocantins" title="Tocantins">Tocantins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Brazil" title="List of islands of Brazil">Notable archipelagos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_de_Noronha" title="Fernando de Noronha">Fernando de Noronha</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pernambuco" title="Pernambuco">PE</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocas_Atoll" title="Rocas Atoll">Rocas Atoll</a> (<a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Norte" title="Rio Grande do Norte">RN</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_and_Saint_Paul_Archipelago" title="Saint Peter and Saint Paul Archipelago">Saint Peter and Saint Paul</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pernambuco" title="Pernambuco">PE</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trindade_and_Martim_Vaz" title="Trindade and Martim Vaz">Trindade and Martim Vaz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo">ES</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brazil_socio-geographic_division" title="Brazil socio-geographic division">Socio-geographic divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amaz%C3%B4nia_Legal" title="Amazônia Legal">Amazônia Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centro-Sul" title="Centro-Sul">Centro-Sul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordeste_(socio-geographic_division)" title="Nordeste (socio-geographic division)">Nordeste</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_federative_units_of_Brazil" title="Proposed federative units of Brazil">Proposed federative units</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40030#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1454" 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4050110-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82037765">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11951602g">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11951602g">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Rio Grande do Sul (Brazílie : stát)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge406568&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech 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