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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Wanneer_is_de_bloeddruk_te_hoog?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wanneer_is_de_bloeddruk_te_hoog?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Wanneer is de bloeddruk te hoog?</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wanneer_is_de_bloeddruk_te_hoog?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oorzaken_van_hoge_bloeddruk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oorzaken_van_hoge_bloeddruk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Oorzaken van hoge bloeddruk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oorzaken_van_hoge_bloeddruk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symptomen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symptomen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Symptomen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Symptomen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Symptomen-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Symptomen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Maligne_hypertensie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maligne_hypertensie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Maligne hypertensie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maligne_hypertensie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gevolgen_en_risico's" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gevolgen_en_risico's"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gevolgen en risico's</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gevolgen_en_risico's-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicijnen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicijnen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Medicijnen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicijnen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Niet-medicamenteuze_behandeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Niet-medicamenteuze_behandeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Niet-medicamenteuze behandeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Niet-medicamenteuze_behandeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hypertensie</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 104 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-104" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">104 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipertensie" title="Hipertensie – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hipertensie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%B6%D8%BA%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%85" title="ارتفاع ضغط الدم – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ارتفاع ضغط الدم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%B6%D8%BA%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%85" title="ارتفاع ضغط الدم – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ارتفاع ضغط الدم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A_%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA" title="উচ্চ ৰক্তচাপ – Assamees" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উচ্চ ৰক্তচাপ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipertensi%C3%B3n_arterial" title="Hipertensión arterial – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Hipertensión arterial" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arterial_hipertenziya" title="Arterial hipertenziya – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Arterial hipertenziya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="یوخاری قان فیشاری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یوخاری قان فیشاری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гипертония – Basjkiers" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гипертония" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Basjkiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluadhochdruck" title="Bluadhochdruck – Beiers" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Bluadhochdruck" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Beiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Артэрыяльная гіпертэнзія – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Артэрыяльная гіпертэнзія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Гіпэртанія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гіпэртанія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bludrek" title="Bludrek – Bataviaans" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Bludrek" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Bataviaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Артериална хипертония – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Артериална хипертония" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B0" title="हाई ब्लड प्रेशर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="हाई ब्लड प्रेशर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AE%E1%82%8F%E1%80%91%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB%E1%82%8F" title="သွီႏထင်ႏရောႏဂါႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="သွီႏထင်ႏရောႏဂါႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA" title="উচ্চ রক্তচাপ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উচ্চ রক্তচাপ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA" title="উচ্চ রক্তচাপ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="উচ্চ রক্তচাপ" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipertenzija" title="Hipertenzija – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hipertenzija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipertensi%C3%B3_arterial" title="Hipertensió arterial – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hipertensió arterial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alta_presyon" title="Alta presyon – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Alta presyon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%B2%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D9%BE%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86" title="بەرزیی پەستانی خوێن – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەرزیی پەستانی خوێن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertenze" title="Hypertenze – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hypertenze" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forh%C3%B8jet_blodtryk" title="Forhøjet blodtryk – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Forhøjet blodtryk" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arterielle_Hypertonie" title="Arterielle Hypertonie – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Arterielle Hypertonie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipertansiyono_arteriyel" title="Hipertansiyono arteriyel – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Hipertansiyono arteriyel" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8D%DE%AD%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%97%DE%A6%DE%81%DE%B0%DE%8B%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%AA%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ލޭމައްޗަށްދިއުން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ލޭމައްޗަށްދިއުން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%85%CF%80%CE%AD%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Αρτηριακή υπέρταση – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρτηριακή υπέρταση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hypertension" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alta_sangopremo" title="Alta sangopremo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alta sangopremo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipertensi%C3%B3n_arterial" title="Hipertensión arterial – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hipertensión arterial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCpertensioon" title="Hüpertensioon – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hüpertensioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipertentsio" title="Hipertentsio – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hipertentsio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7" title="فشار خون بالا – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فشار خون بالا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohonnut_verenpaine" title="Kohonnut verenpaine – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kohonnut verenpaine" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertension_art%C3%A9rielle" title="Hypertension artérielle – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hypertension artérielle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipirtheannas" title="Hipirtheannas – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Hipirtheannas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipertansyon_art%C3%A9ry%C3%A8l" title="Ipertansyon artéryèl – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Ipertansyon artéryèl" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipertensi%C3%B3n_arterial" title="Hipertensión arterial – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Hipertensión arterial" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawan_jini" title="Hawan jini – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Hawan jini" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%A8_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A5_%D7%93%D7%9D" title="יתר לחץ דם – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יתר לחץ דם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA" title="उच्च रक्तचाप – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उच्च रक्तचाप" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipertenzija" title="Hipertenzija – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hipertenzija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magas_v%C3%A9rnyom%C3%A1s" title="Magas vérnyomás – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Magas vérnyomás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B3%D5%B6%D5%B7%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Գերճնշում – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գերճնշում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B3%D5%B6%D5%B7%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Արեան գերճնշում – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Արեան գերճնշում" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekanan_darah_tinggi" title="Tekanan darah tinggi – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tekanan darah tinggi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1%C3%BEr%C3%BDstingur" title="Háþrýstingur – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Háþrýstingur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipertensione_arteriosa" title="Ipertensione arteriosa – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ipertensione arteriosa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E8%A1%80%E5%9C%A7" title="高血圧 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="高血圧" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blegudreg" title="Blegudreg – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Blegudreg" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Артериалдық гипертензия – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Артериалдық гипертензия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%ED%98%88%EC%95%95" title="고혈압 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고혈압" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%9B%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%95_%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%97%D9%86%D9%8F%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D9%8E%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%88" title="زیٛادٕ خوٗنُک دَباو – Kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="زیٛادٕ خوٗنُک دَباو" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pestoya_bilind_a_xw%C3%AEn%C3%AA" title="Pestoya bilind a xwînê – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pestoya bilind a xwînê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertensio_arterialis" title="Hypertensio arterialis – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hypertensio arterialis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B7%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%87" title="ຄວາມດັນເລືອດສູງ – Laotiaans" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄວາມດັນເລືອດສູງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laotiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arterin%C4%97_hipertenzija" title="Arterinė hipertenzija – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Arterinė hipertenzija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arteri%C4%81l%C4%81_hipertensija" title="Arteriālā hipertensija – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Arteriālā hipertensija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хипертензија – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хипертензија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="രക്താതിമർദ്ദം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രക്താതിമർദ്ദം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC" title="उच्च रक्तदाब – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="उच्च रक्तदाब" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darah_tinggi" title="Darah tinggi – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Darah tinggi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BD%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB" title="သွေးတိုးရောဂါ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သွေးတိုးရောဂါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D" title="ल्वय् – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ल्वय्" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B8gt_blodtrykk" title="Høgt blodtrykk – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Høgt blodtrykk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B8yt_blodtrykk" title="Høyt blodtrykk – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Høyt blodtrykk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%9A%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9A_%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%9A%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AA" title="ଉଚ୍ଚ ରକ୍ତଚାପ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଉଚ୍ଚ ରକ୍ତଚାପ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matas_a_Prisyun" title="Matas a Prisyun – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Matas a Prisyun" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadci%C5%9Bnienie_t%C4%99tnicze" title="Nadciśnienie tętnicze – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nadciśnienie tętnicze" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%90_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%93_%D9%81%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="د وینې لوړ فشار – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د وینې لوړ فشار" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipertens%C3%A3o_arterial" title="Hipertensão arterial – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Hipertensão arterial" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llasaq_yawar" title="Llasaq yawar – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Llasaq yawar" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipertensiune_arterial%C4%83" title="Hipertensiune arterială – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Hipertensiune arterială" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Артериальная гипертензия – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Артериальная гипертензия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipertenzija" title="Hipertenzija – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hipertenzija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="අධිරුධිර පීඩනය – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අධිරුධිර පීඩනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hypertension" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arteri%C3%A1lna_hypertenzia" title="Arteriálna hypertenzia – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Arteriálna hypertenzia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visok_krvni_tlak" title="Visok krvni tlak – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Visok krvni tlak" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhiig_karka" title="Dhiig karka – Somalisch" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dhiig karka" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipertensioni" title="Hipertensioni – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Hipertensioni" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Хипертензија – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хипертензија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hipert%C3%A9nsi" title="Hiperténsi – Soendanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Hiperténsi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Soendanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertoni" title="Hypertoni – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hypertoni" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinikizo_la_juu_la_damu" title="Shinikizo la juu la damu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Shinikizo la juu la damu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="உயர் இரத்த அழுத்தம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயர் இரத்த அழுத்தம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Бемории ғалаёни хун – Tadzjieks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бемории ғалаёни хун" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadzjieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%87" title="ความดันโลหิตสูง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ความดันโลหิตสูง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altapresyon" title="Altapresyon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Altapresyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%BCksek_tansiyon" title="Yüksek tansiyon – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yüksek tansiyon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paru_dara" title="Paru dara – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Paru dara" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Гипертония – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Гипертония" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mmogyammoroso%C9%94" title="Mmogyammorosoɔ – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Mmogyammorosoɔ" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Артеріальна гіпертензія – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Артеріальна гіпертензія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%86" title="بلند فشار خون – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بلند فشار خون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arterial_gipertenziya" title="Arterial gipertenziya – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Arterial gipertenziya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="goed artikel"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%83ng_huy%E1%BA%BFt_%C3%A1p" title="Tăng huyết áp – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tăng huyết áp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altapresyon" title="Altapresyon – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Altapresyon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E8%A1%80%E5%8E%8B" title="高血压 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="高血压" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80%C3%ACs%C3%A0n_%E1%BA%B9%CC%80j%E1%BA%B9%CC%80_r%C3%ADru" title="Àìsàn ẹ̀jẹ̀ ríru – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àìsàn ẹ̀jẹ̀ ríru" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezyazsang" title="Hezyazsang – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Hezyazsang" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E8%A1%80%E5%A3%93" title="高血壓 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="高血壓" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan 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<th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">Hypertensie of hoge bloeddruk </th></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3">Synoniemen </th></tr> <tr> <th>Latijn </th> <td colspan="2">Hypertonia<sup id="cite_ref-Arnaudov_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arnaudov-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Coderingen </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">ICD-10</a><br /><a href="/wiki/ICD-9" title="ICD-9">ICD-9</a> </th> <td colspan="2">I10-I15<br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icd9.chrisendres.com/index.php?action=search&srchtext=401">401</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" title="Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/45500">45500</a><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Diseases_Database" title="Diseases Database">DiseasesDB</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb6330.htm">6330</a><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000468.htm">000468</a><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/EMedicine" title="EMedicine">eMedicine</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic1106.htm">med/1106</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic1097.htm">ped/1097</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emedicine.com/emerg/topic267.htm">emerg/267</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Richtlijnen </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/NHG-standaard" title="NHG-standaard">NHG-standaard</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://richtlijnen.nhg.org/standaarden/cardiovasculair-risicomanagement#volledige-tekst">M84</a>/<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://richtlijnen.nhg.org/standaarden/cardiovasculair-risicomanagement#samenvatting">samenvatting</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-kop notheme center" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Geneeskunde" title="Portaal:Geneeskunde">Geneeskunde</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Grade_1_hypertension.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Grade_1_hypertension.jpg/260px-Grade_1_hypertension.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Grade_1_hypertension.jpg/390px-Grade_1_hypertension.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Grade_1_hypertension.jpg/520px-Grade_1_hypertension.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Bloeddrukmeter met in dit geval een te hoge bovendruk en te hoge onderdruk.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Hoge bloeddruk</b> of <b>hypertensie</b> is een <a href="/wiki/Aandoening" title="Aandoening">aandoening</a>, waarbij de <a href="/wiki/Bloeddruk" title="Bloeddruk">bloeddruk</a> te hoog is. Een te hoge bloeddruk geeft een verhoogd risico op ziekte. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wanneer_is_de_bloeddruk_te_hoog?"><span id="Wanneer_is_de_bloeddruk_te_hoog.3F"></span>Wanneer is de bloeddruk te hoog?</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypertensie&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Wanneer is de bloeddruk te hoog?" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypertensie&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Wanneer is de bloeddruk te hoog?"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Men spreekt van hypertensie als de <a href="/wiki/Systole_(hart)" title="Systole (hart)">bovendruk</a> hoger is dan 140 <a href="/wiki/Mm_Hg" class="mw-redirect" title="Mm Hg">mm Hg</a> (18,5 <a href="/wiki/KPa" class="mw-redirect" title="KPa">kPa</a>) of als de <a href="/wiki/Diastole_(hart)" title="Diastole (hart)">onderdruk</a> hoger is dan 90 mm Hg (12 kPa). Voor mensen met <a href="/wiki/Diabetes_mellitus" title="Diabetes mellitus">diabetes mellitus</a> en nierziekten gelden de waardes 130/80 mm Hg (17/10,5 kPa).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Goed om hierbij op te merken dat de internationale richtlijnen enigszins verschillen, maar allemaal wel rekening houden met diabetes mellitus, nierziekten en hart- en vaatziekten; de 140/90mm-Hg-grens is "unaniem". </p><p>De grens tussen 'normaal' en 'hypertensie' wordt arbitrair vastgesteld en is afhankelijk van wanneer men het gestegen gezondheidsrisico abnormaal gaat noemen. De bloeddruk is continu verdeeld onder de bevolking en heeft de neiging met het vorderen van de leeftijd langzaam te stijgen. Een hogere bloeddruk geeft een hoger risico op beschadiging van bepaalde organen en sterfte, maar er is geen duidelijke drempel waarboven het risico opeens sterk stijgt. </p><p>Mede op basis van een aantal andere factoren als voorgeschiedenis, leeftijd, geslacht, rookgedrag, glucosegehalte, cholesterolwaarden, familie<a href="/wiki/Anamnese_(medisch)" title="Anamnese (medisch)">anamnese</a>, alcoholgebruik, voeding, lichamelijke activiteit wordt een risicoprofiel opgemaakt. </p><p>De diagnose 'hypertensie' moet gebaseerd zijn op meerdere metingen van de bloeddruk. Per keer wordt tweemaal gemeten aan dezelfde arm, met een of twee minuten tussentijd; de gemiddelde waarde geldt. Indien de bloeddruk slechts licht verhoogd is, doet men ten minste drie metingen verspreid over een aantal maanden. Indien het risicoprofiel ongunstig is, bij zeer hoge bloeddrukken en in geval van orgaanbeschadiging door de bloeddruk, herhaalt men de metingen in een kortere periode. </p><p>Metingen van de bloeddruk door de patiënt thuis zijn een waardevolle bron van informatie voor de arts. Tevens verhoogt het de <a href="/wiki/Therapietrouw" title="Therapietrouw">therapietrouw</a>. Voorwaarde is wel dat voor de thuismetingen een <a href="/wiki/Kalibreren" title="Kalibreren">gekalibreerd</a> apparaat wordt gebruikt.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Oorzaken_van_hoge_bloeddruk">Oorzaken van hoge bloeddruk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypertensie&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Oorzaken van hoge bloeddruk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypertensie&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Oorzaken van hoge bloeddruk"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In circa 90-95% van de gevallen is de oorzaak van hoge bloeddruk niet bekend. Men spreekt dan van <i>idiopathische</i> of <i>essentiële hypertensie</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-h_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In de resterende gevallen is doorgaans sprake van een aandoening in een <a href="/wiki/Nier_(biologie)" title="Nier (biologie)">nier</a> of beide nieren, bijvoorbeeld door vernauwingen (<a href="/wiki/Stenose" title="Stenose">stenose</a>) in één of beide <a href="/wiki/Nierslagader" title="Nierslagader">nierslagaders</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nierarteriestenose" title="Nierarteriestenose">nierarteriestenose</a>). Sommige zeldzame hormonale aandoeningen, bijvoorbeeld <a href="/wiki/Hormoon" title="Hormoon">hormoonproducerende</a> <a href="/wiki/Tumor" title="Tumor">tumoren</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ziekte_van_Cushing" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziekte van Cushing">ziekte van Cushing</a>; <a href="/wiki/Feochromocytoom" title="Feochromocytoom">feochromocytoom</a>; <a href="/wiki/Syndroom_van_Conn" title="Syndroom van Conn">syndroom van Conn</a>) kunnen bloeddruk verhogen.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Een artikel in de <a href="/wiki/New_England_Journal_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="New England Journal of Medicine">New England Journal of Medicine</a> in 2007 beschreef de rol van de mineralen natrium en kalium bij het ontstaan van hypertensie.<sup id="cite_ref-a_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bij natuurvolkeren met een <a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">natrium</a>-arm en <a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">kalium</a>-rijk voedingspatroon is hypertensie zeldzaam. Het westerse voedingspatroon bevat meestal het omgekeerde: veel natrium en weinig kalium. Natrium heeft een bloeddrukverhogend effect. Door een relatief grote hoeveelheid natrium en een relatief kleine hoeveelheid kalium trekt het <a href="/wiki/Glad_spierweefsel" title="Glad spierweefsel">gladde spierweefsel</a> van de bloedvaten zich sterker samen. Om het bloed door de bloedvaten te blijven pompen, zal het hart een hogere bloeddruk moeten genereren.<sup id="cite_ref-a_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Natrium en kalium hebben ook invloed op de manier waarop door het <a href="/wiki/Bloeddrukregulatie" title="Bloeddrukregulatie">RAAS</a> en het <a href="/wiki/Orthosympathisch_zenuwstelsel" title="Orthosympathisch zenuwstelsel">sympathisch zenuwstelsel</a> (bepaalde hersen -en zenuwactiviteit) de bloeddruk wordt gereguleerd. Wederom met tegenovergestelde effecten: natrium bloeddrukverhogend, kalium bloeddrukverlagend.<sup id="cite_ref-a_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alcoholische_drank" title="Alcoholische drank">Alcoholgebruik</a> draagt bij aan het krijgen van een hoge bloeddruk. Uit onderzoek van de <a href="/wiki/Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie" title="Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie">Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie</a> (WHO) blijkt dat zo'n 16% van de gevallen van hypertensie alcoholgerelateerd is.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ook <a href="/wiki/Roken_(tabak)" title="Roken (tabak)">roken</a> draagt bij aan een verhoging van de bloeddruk.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dit komt door de vaatvernauwende effecten van nicotine (<a href="/wiki/Vasoconstrictie" title="Vasoconstrictie">vasoconstrictie</a>), zowel als door een verhoging van de hartslagfrequentie door nicotine. </p><p>Het eten van erg veel <a href="/wiki/Drop" title="Drop">drop</a> kan hoge bloeddruk veroorzaken doordat het <a href="/wiki/Glycyrrizinezuur" title="Glycyrrizinezuur">glycyrrizinezuur</a> bevat. Deze stof zit ook in <a href="/wiki/Zoethout" title="Zoethout">zoethout</a>. </p><p>De consumptie van <a href="/wiki/Koolhydraat" class="mw-redirect" title="Koolhydraat">suiker</a> draagt ook bij tot een verhoogde bloeddruk. Uit een wetenschappelijke studie, gepubliceerd in The American Journal of Cardiology<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, bleek dat suiker meer dan zout hypertensie zou kunnen veroorzaken. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symptomen">Symptomen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypertensie&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Symptomen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypertensie&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Symptomen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Meestal geeft hypertensie geheel geen symptomen. Hypertensie is een "stille aandoening": mensen met hoge bloeddruk merken hier vaak niets van. Hoofdpijn, met name in het achterhoofd, die 's ochtends optreedt, behoort tot de meest prominente symptomen van beginnende hypertensie, maar blijft dus nog veel vaker achterwege. Duizeligheid, een licht gevoel in het hoofd en <a href="/wiki/Tinnitus" title="Tinnitus">tinnitus</a> komen ook voor.<sup id="cite_ref-h_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Een gespannen gevoel (<a href="/wiki/Stress" title="Stress">stress</a>) is eerder een <i>oorzaak</i> dan een <i>gevolg</i> van hoge bloeddruk: <a href="/wiki/Adrenaline" title="Adrenaline">adrenaline</a>-effect. Vrouwen met hoge bloeddruk hebben door die bloeddruk ook geen zwaardere menstruaties, wat nog weleens wordt gedacht. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maligne_hypertensie">Maligne hypertensie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypertensie&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Maligne hypertensie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypertensie&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Maligne hypertensie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Er is een zeldzame vorm van hypertensie die wel gepaard gaat met merkbare verschijnselen: hoofdpijn, verwardheid, eiwit in de urine en bloedinkjes in het netvlies. Deze <i>maligne</i> (kwaadaardige) hypertensie uit zich door een snel stijgende torenhoge (bijvoorbeeld 250 <a href="/wiki/Mm_Hg" class="mw-redirect" title="Mm Hg">mm Hg</a>) bloeddruk en zal met spoed met behulp van medicijnen per infuus (bijvoorbeeld <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitroprusside&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitroprusside (de pagina bestaat niet)">nitroprusside</a>) moeten worden behandeld. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gevolgen_en_risico's"><span id="Gevolgen_en_risico.27s"></span>Gevolgen en risico's</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypertensie&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Gevolgen en risico's" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypertensie&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Gevolgen en risico's"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mensen met hypertensie lopen een verhoogd risico vroegtijdig te overlijden door een hartaandoening, een <a href="/wiki/Herseninfarct" title="Herseninfarct">herseninfarct</a> of door <a href="/wiki/Nierfalen" title="Nierfalen">beschadiging</a> van de <a href="/wiki/Nier_(biologie)" title="Nier (biologie)">nieren</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-h_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Hartfalen</b>. Hoge bloeddruk betekent voor het <a href="/wiki/Hart" title="Hart">hart</a> dat het meer <a href="/wiki/Arbeid_(natuurkunde)" title="Arbeid (natuurkunde)">arbeid</a> moet verrichten om het <a href="/wiki/Bloed" title="Bloed">bloed</a>, tegen een hogere weerstand in, door het lichaam te pompen. Hierdoor wordt de spierwand van de <a href="/wiki/Linkerventrikel" title="Linkerventrikel">linkerhartkamer</a> op den duur dikker en minder flexibel, wat op den duur kan leiden tot diastolisch <a href="/wiki/Hartfalen" title="Hartfalen">hartfalen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-h_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Hart- en vaatziekten</b>. Hypertensie verhoogt de kans op het ontwikkelen van <a href="/wiki/Atherosclerose" class="mw-redirect" title="Atherosclerose">atherosclerose</a> en daarmee verhoogt het de kans op het krijgen van <a href="/wiki/Angina_pectoris" title="Angina pectoris">angina pectoris</a>, een <a href="/wiki/Hartinfarct" title="Hartinfarct">hartinfarct</a>, een <a href="/wiki/Herseninfarct" title="Herseninfarct">beroerte</a> en <a href="/wiki/Etalagebenen" title="Etalagebenen">etalagebenen</a>.</li> <li><b>Hartritmestoornissen</b>. Hypertensie is een belangrijke risicofactor bij het ontstaan van <a href="/wiki/Boezemfibrilleren" title="Boezemfibrilleren">boezemfibrilleren</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-h_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Hersenbloeding</b>. De hogere druk in de bloedvaten leidt tot een verhoogde bloedwandspanning. Dit verhoogt de kans op een hersenbloeding. Zeker als daarnaast sprake is van een aangeboren of verworven vaat<a href="/wiki/Aneurysma" title="Aneurysma">aneurysma</a>'s.</li> <li><b>Nierfalen</b>. Verlies van eiwit (albumine) in de urine is een teken dat de <a href="/wiki/Glomerulus" title="Glomerulus">glomerulus</a>, de filtertjes met bloedvatjes die de voorurine vormen, beschadigd zijn door de hoge bloeddruk. Als dit ziekteproces voortschrijdt, leidt dit tot chronisch nierfalen en uiteindelijk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eindstadium_nierziekte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eindstadium nierziekte (de pagina bestaat niet)">eindstadium nierziekte</a>. Zo'n 10% van de sterfte als gevolg van een te hoge bloeddruk is het gevolg van <a href="/wiki/Nierfalen" title="Nierfalen">nierfalen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-h_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Bij behandeling daalt het risico op een beroerte tot normale waarden en de kans op een hartinfarct vermindert aanzienlijk. Bepaalde bloeddrukverlagende middelen (<a href="/wiki/ACE-remmers" title="ACE-remmers">ACE-remmers</a>) hebben een gunstig effect op de nieren. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medicijnen">Medicijnen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypertensie&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Medicijnen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypertensie&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Medicijnen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> <i><a href="/wiki/Antihypertensiva" title="Antihypertensiva">antihypertensiva</a></i></div> <p>Er zijn verschillende groepen <a href="/wiki/Antihypertensiva" title="Antihypertensiva">bloeddrukverlagende medicijnen</a> op de markt, onder andere: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACE-remmers" title="ACE-remmers">ACE-remmers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiotensine_II-receptorantagonisten" title="Angiotensine II-receptorantagonisten">Angiotensine II-receptorantagonisten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfablokkers" class="mw-redirect" title="Alfablokkers">Alfablokkers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A8tablokkers" title="Bètablokkers">Bètablokkers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calciumantagonisten" title="Calciumantagonisten">Calciumantagonisten</a></li> <li>Centraal aangrijpende antihypertensiva, zoals <a href="/wiki/Clonidine" title="Clonidine">clonidine</a></li> <li>Direct werkende vasodilatantia, zoals <a href="/wiki/Hydralazine" title="Hydralazine">hydralazine</a> en <a href="/wiki/Minoxidil" title="Minoxidil">minoxidil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diureticum" title="Diureticum">diuretica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Renineremmers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Renineremmers (de pagina bestaat niet)">Renineremmers</a>, zoals <a href="/wiki/Aliskiren" title="Aliskiren">aliskiren</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Niet-medicamenteuze_behandeling">Niet-medicamenteuze behandeling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypertensie&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Niet-medicamenteuze behandeling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypertensie&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Niet-medicamenteuze behandeling"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Stoppen met roken</dt> <dd>Stoppen met roken bevordert vrijwel alle aspecten van onze gezondheid en heeft in ieder geval een gunstig effect op een te hoge bloeddruk.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Matiging van het alcoholgebruik</dt> <dd>Voor vrouwen met hypertensie geldt een maximale dagelijkse inname van een eenheid <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">alcohol</a> per dag, voor mannen mogen het er twee zijn.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Matiging van <a href="/wiki/Drop" title="Drop">dropgebruik</a></dt> <dd>het eten van meer dan zo'n 95 gram drop per dag kan hoge bloeddruk tot gevolg hebben.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Koffie_(drank)" title="Koffie (drank)">Koffiegebruik</a></dt> <dd>lange tijd werd verondersteld dat koffie bloeddrukverhogend zou werken, maar sinds het begin van de 21e eeuw is vastgesteld dat er geen aantoonbaar verband bestaat.</dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Dieet#Natriumbeperkt_dieet" title="Dieet">Natriumbeperkt dieet</a></dt> <dd>Slechts de reductie van de <a href="/wiki/Keukenzout#Gezondheid" title="Keukenzout">natriuminname</a> tot ongeveer 25% (ongeveer 2,5 g natrium per dag) heeft een bloeddrukverlagend effect. Halveren van de zoutinname tot vijf gram natrium per dag levert geen bloeddrukdaling op, maar versterkt wel de werking van de meeste bloeddrukverlagende geneesmiddelen. Daarnaast is de laatste jaren gebleken dat onze <a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">kaliuminname</a> in het Westerse voedingspatroon ongunstig laag is. Die zou zo'n twee- tot viermaal groter mogen zijn dan de huidige gemiddelden. Als men zijn zoutinname wil gebruiken om de bloeddruk te laten dalen, dan kan men de volgende vuistregel hanteren: <i>inname kalium/inname natrium groter dan drie</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-h_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-a_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Gewichtsverlies</dt> <dd>Indien mensen met <a href="/wiki/Overgewicht" title="Overgewicht">overgewicht</a> en hypertensie ten minste zo'n vijf kilo afvallen, wordt de bloeddruk meetbaar verlaagd.<sup id="cite_ref-h_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Sporten</dt> <dd>Er zijn aanwijzingen dat sporten, naast een gewichtsverlagend effect, ook een bloeddrukverlagend effect heeft.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Leefstijl</dt> <dd>Ontspanning in het dagelijks leven werkt bloeddrukverlagend.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypertensie&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hypertensie&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spontaan_hypertensieve_rat" title="Spontaan hypertensieve rat">Spontaan hypertensieve rat</a></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Arnaudov-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Arnaudov_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Arnaudov, G.D. (1964). <i>Terminologia medica polyglotta. Latinum-Bulgarski-Russkij-English-Français-Deutsch.</i> Sofia: Editio medicina et physcultura.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure NIH Publication No 03 - 5233</i>, December 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Welke bloeddrukmeters zijn gevalideerd kunt u nagaan op een van de volgende websites: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.hartstichting.nl">http://www.hartstichting.nl</a> (klik op "Risicofactoren", "Hoge bloeddruk", "Thuis zelf bloeddruk meten?"); <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170803041325/http://bhsoc.org/">https://web.archive.org/web/20170803041325/http://bhsoc.org/</a> of <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110201100152/http://dableeducational.com/">https://web.archive.org/web/20110201100152/http://dableeducational.com/</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-h_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h_4-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h_4-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hypertensive Vascular Disease.</i> In: <i>Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 16th edition. New York, McGraw-Hill Professional</i>;, 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rossi e.a. melden in het <i>Journal of Hypertension</i> 2008, Vol 26 No 4, dat het syndroom van Conn als onderliggende oorzaak van hypertensie ontdekt wordt in 1,4% tot zelfs 32% van de gevallen.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-a_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-a_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Adrogué HJ, Madias NE. <i>Sodium and potassium in the pathogenesis of hypertension. New England Journal of Medicine. 2007 May 10;356(19):1966-78.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rehm J et al. <i>Alcohol as a risk factor for global burden of disease</i>. Eur. Addict. Res. 2003;9:157-164.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Merari F.R. Ferraria and Debora R. Fior-Chadi. <i>Chronic nicotine administration Analysis of the development of hypertension and glutamatergic neurotransmission, Brain Research Bulletin Volume 72, Issues 4-6, 30 May 2007, Pages 215-224</i>. Elsevier. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090628130634/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6SYT-4M2WV9B-2&_user=6329206&_coverDate=05%2F30%2F2007&_alid=693101334&_rdoc=6&_fmt=summary&_orig=search&_cdi=4843&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_ct=64&_acct=C000069686&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=6329206&md5=e4a70bddb6a1770b3e4c6633dd085a56">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">DiNicolantonio, James J. et al; <i>An Unsavory Truth: Sugar, More than Salt, Predisposes to Hypertension and Chronic Disease</i>, The American Journal of Cardiology, 14 juli 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schoonderwoerd BA, Smit MD, Pen L, Van Gelder IC. <i>New risk factors for atrial fibrillation: causes of 'not-so-lone atrial fibrillation'</i>. Europace. 2008;10:668-73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sleight P. <i>Smoking and hypertension. Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 1993;15:1181-92</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cushman WC. <i>Alcohol consumption and hypertension. Journal of Clinical Hypertension. 2001;3:166-70.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hoofdstukr 241 <i>Hypertensive Vascular Disease</i>. In: <i>Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 17 edition. New York, McGraw-Hill Professional</i>;, 2005.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypertensie&oldid=68376546">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypertensie&oldid=68376546</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Vaataandoening" title="Categorie:Vaataandoening">Vaataandoening</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Bloeddruk" title="Categorie:Bloeddruk">Bloeddruk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Symptoom" title="Categorie:Symptoom">Symptoom</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Verborgen categorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Wikipedia:Geen_afbeelding_lokaal_en_wel_op_Wikidata" title="Categorie:Wikipedia:Geen afbeelding lokaal en wel op Wikidata">Wikipedia:Geen afbeelding lokaal en wel op Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 13 nov 2024 om 16:31.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. 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