Exploring the nuclear lifecycle

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Like any human activity, nuclear applications generate waste. At SCK CEN we are constantly studying and developing new solutions for dismantling nuclear facilities, purifying radioactive material or disposal. Sustainability is central to this. The dismantling of BR3 has provided us with a wealth of knowledge – which we are happy to share to assist in dismantling projects around the world." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.sckcen.be/en/expertises/exploring-nuclear-lifecycle" /> <link rel="image_src" href="https://www.sckcen.be/themes/custom/itr_theme/dist/img/logo_share.png" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="SCK CEN" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Exploring the nuclear lifecycle" /> <meta property="og:description" content="How do we handle radioactive material as sustainably as possible? Like any human activity, nuclear applications generate waste. 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flex-grow-1"> <div class="container"> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> <article> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="system-breadcrumb" class="container"> <svg width="427" height="179" viewBox="0 0 427 179" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="breadcrumb-svg" aria-hidden="true"><g fill="#F2F6F9"><circle cx="12" cy="43" r="12"/><circle cx="12" cy="74" r="12"/><circle cx="12" cy="105" r="12"/><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="12"/><circle cx="105" cy="43" r="12"/><circle cx="105" cy="12" r="12"/><circle cx="291" cy="12" r="12"/><circle cx="198" cy="43" r="12"/><circle cx="198" cy="12" r="12"/><circle cx="43" cy="43" r="12"/><circle cx="43" cy="12" r="12"/><circle cx="74" cy="12" r="12"/><circle cx="229" cy="43" r="12"/><circle cx="229" cy="12" r="12"/><circle cx="136" cy="12" r="12"/><circle cx="322" cy="43" r="12"/><circle cx="353" cy="12" r="12"/><circle cx="74" cy="43" r="12"/><circle cx="415" cy="12" 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At SCK CEN we are constantly studying and developing <strong>new solutions</strong> for dismantling nuclear facilities, purifying radioactive material or disposal. <strong>Sustainability </strong>is central to this. The dismantling of BR3 has provided us with a <strong>wealth of knowledge</strong> – which we are happy to share to assist in dismantling projects around the world.</span></span></span></span></span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container pb-2"> <div class="border-top border-bottom py-3 mb-4"> <ul class="links row gx-3 gy-2 mb-0 ff-adelle justify-content-center list-unstyled py-1"><li class="col-auto"><a href="/en/expertises/exploring-nuclear-lifecycle#anchor-decommissioning-decontamination">Decommissioning & decontamination</a></li><li class="col-auto"><a href="/en/expertises/exploring-nuclear-lifecycle#anchor-recycling-waste">Recycling waste</a></li><li class="col-auto"><a href="/en/expertises/exploring-nuclear-lifecycle#anchor-disposing-waste">Disposing waste</a></li><li class="col-auto"><a href="/en/expertises/exploring-nuclear-lifecycle#anchor-remediating-sites">Remediating sites</a></li><li class="col-auto"><a href="/en/expertises/exploring-nuclear-lifecycle#anchor-news">News</a></li></ul> </div> </div><div class="image-left container overflow-hidden mb-6"> <span class="anchor" id="anchor-decommissioning-decontamination"></span> <div class="row g-4"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="image-wrapper"> <img class="img-fluid w-100" sizes="604px" src="/sites/default/files/styles/half_lg/public/files/2023-02/2021_SCKCEN_Ontmanteling-verwijdering-cyclotron-Seneffe.png?itok=i4hIB7hO" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/half_md/public/files/2023-02/2021_SCKCEN_Ontmanteling-verwijdering-cyclotron-Seneffe.png?itok=oSFgAs0a 604w,/sites/default/files/styles/half_lg/public/files/2023-02/2021_SCKCEN_Ontmanteling-verwijdering-cyclotron-Seneffe.png?itok=i4hIB7hO 604w" alt="2021_SCKCEN_Ontmanteling-verwijdering-cyclotron-Seneffe" title="2021_SCKCEN_Ontmanteling-verwijdering-cyclotron-Seneffe" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="content pr-lg-4"> <div class="content text-dark-if-needed"> <h3><span><strong>Decommissioning & decontamination</strong></span></h3><p><span>Once a nuclear power plant or nuclear facility has been closed down permanently, it will need to be decontaminated and dismantled. This process takes several years. Specialists characterise and disassemble the facilities, decontaminate the equipment and dispose of the (non-)radioactive waste. The main goal? To reduce the amount of radioactive waste to a minimum.</span></p><blockquote><h5><strong>🔗 </strong><a href="/node/1912" target="_blank" title="Lees hoe we je bijstaan bij ontmantelingsprojecten"><span><strong>Read how we assist you with decommissioning projects</strong></span></a></h5></blockquote><h4><span>Learning experience</span></h4><p><span>The Belgian Reactor 3 was the first pressurised water reactor in Europe. It was taken into service in 1962 and shutdown for good in 1987. The reactor served as a prototype for the reactors in Doel and Tihange. The European Commission selected BR3 as a pilot project to show the technical and economic feasibility of the dismantling of a reactor under real conditions. At this moment, the project is in its last stage: restoring the site in its original state.</span></p><p><span>SCK CEN disseminates the expertise that it has developed with the decommissioning of BR3 both on a national and international level. These valuable insights are also an excellent guideline for the design of new nuclear plants.</span></p><blockquote><h5><strong>🔗 </strong><a href="/node/2335" target="_blank" title="Verken onze pioniersrol met BR3"><span><strong>Explore our pioneering work with BR3</strong></span></a></h5></blockquote> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="image-right container overflow-hidden mb-6"> <span class="anchor" id="anchor-recycling-waste"></span> <div class="row g-4"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="image-wrapper"> <img class="img-fluid w-100" sizes="604px" src="/sites/default/files/styles/half_lg/public/files/2023-06/2023_SCKCEN_RECUMO-2.png?itok=6pQgKojI" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/half_md/public/files/2023-06/2023_SCKCEN_RECUMO-2.png?itok=VYpgFhg2 604w,/sites/default/files/styles/half_lg/public/files/2023-06/2023_SCKCEN_RECUMO-2.png?itok=6pQgKojI 605w" alt="2023_SCKCEN_RECUMO-2" title="2023_SCKCEN_RECUMO-2" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 order-md-first"> <div class="content pl-lg-4"> <div class="content text-dark-if-needed"> <h3><span><span><span><span><span>Closing the loop: <strong><span lang="EN-GB"><span>recycling waste</span></span></strong></span></span></span></span></span></h3> <p><span><span>Nearly 7 million people are screened for cancer every year thanks to the Belgian production of molybdenum-99. </span></span></p> <p><span><span>Together with IRE, </span></span>SCK CEN aims to purify the radioactive waste residues from the production of radioisotopes through<span><span> the RECUMO project. RECUMO thus contributes responsibly to the worldwide security of supply of medical radioisotopes with which we detect and treat cancer.</span></span></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>🔗 </strong><span><span><strong><a href="/node/2341">Read more about RECUMO</a></strong></span></span></p> </blockquote> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="image-left container overflow-hidden mb-6"> <span class="anchor" id="anchor-disposing-waste"></span> <div class="row g-4"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="image-wrapper"> <img class="img-fluid w-100" sizes="604px" src="/sites/default/files/styles/half_lg/public/files/2020-01/2019_SCK%20CEN%20-%20Afval%20en%20berging%20%282%29.jpg?itok=7iwRe6OV" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/half_md/public/files/2020-01/2019_SCK%20CEN%20-%20Afval%20en%20berging%20%282%29.jpg?itok=Xb3_VpOq 604w,/sites/default/files/styles/half_lg/public/files/2020-01/2019_SCK%20CEN%20-%20Afval%20en%20berging%20%282%29.jpg?itok=7iwRe6OV 750w" alt="SCK CEN - Afval en berging (2019)" title="SCK CEN - Afval en berging (2019)" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="content pr-lg-4"> <div class="content text-dark-if-needed"> <h3><span lang="EN-GB"><strong>Searching for safe disposal</strong></span></h3><p><span>Is it not possible to reuse radioactive materials? Then we make sure they are managed as safely as possible, for people and our environment. To this end, SCK CEN is studying the scientific basis and feasibility of <strong>three potential solutions:</strong></span></p><ul><li><span>surface disposal for low- and medium-level short-lived waste;</span></li><li><span>geological disposal for highly radioactive and long-lived waste;</span></li><li>advanced separation to treat each waste fraction more efficiently and selectively.</li></ul><blockquote><p><strong>🔗 </strong><a href="/node/319"><span><strong>Read more about radioactive waste and possible solutions</strong></span></a></p></blockquote> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="image-right container overflow-hidden mb-6"> <span class="anchor" id="anchor-remediating-sites"></span> <div class="row g-4"> <div class="col-md-6"> <div class="image-wrapper"> <img class="img-fluid w-100" sizes="604px" src="/sites/default/files/styles/half_lg/public/files/2021-11/2021%20Natuur%20wandeling%20SCK%20CEN%20Mol.png?itok=JUUhQ9av" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/half_md/public/files/2021-11/2021%20Natuur%20wandeling%20SCK%20CEN%20Mol.png?itok=odOYTR6u 604w,/sites/default/files/styles/half_lg/public/files/2021-11/2021%20Natuur%20wandeling%20SCK%20CEN%20Mol.png?itok=JUUhQ9av 604w" alt="2021 Natuur wandeling SCK CEN Mol" title="2021 Natuur wandeling SCK CEN Mol" loading="lazy" /> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 order-md-first"> <div class="content pl-lg-4"> <div class="content text-dark-if-needed"> <h3><span><span><span><span><span><strong><span><span>Restoring site and environment</span></span></strong></span></span></span></span></span></h3> <p><span><span>The decontamination and demolition of all buildings is the final step of a dismantling project. The dismantling experts want to restore the entire site (again) in its original state and apply for the status of a greenfield. The site can then be given a new destination.</span></span></p> <p><span><span>Also, many historically radioactively contaminated sites still exist in Belgium and abroad that need to be restored. Here, too, we put our expertise to work to identify them and provide the best possible solutions.</span></span></p> <blockquote> <p><strong>🔗 </strong><span><span><strong><a href="/node/2383" target="_blank">Find out how we return sites to their original state</a>.</strong></span></span></p> </blockquote> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container mb-6"> <span class="anchor" id="anchor-news"></span> <div class="row pl-lg-4"> <div> <div class="full-width"> <div class="content text-dark-if-needed"> <h2>Our latest news on these expertises</h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container mb-6"> <div class="inner-borders mb-5"> <ul class="list-unstyled row mb-0"><li class="col col-12 col-md-4"><article class="position-relative teaser"><div class="ratio ratio-2by1 overflow-hidden"><img class="teaser-image" sizes="636px" src="/sites/default/files/styles/rectangle_lg/public/files/2023-10/20231004_SCKCEN_LINAC%40LNK-header.jpg?itok=lymOZOPN" 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teaser"><div class="ratio ratio-2by1 overflow-hidden"><img class="teaser-image" sizes="636px" src="/sites/default/files/styles/rectangle_lg/public/files/2023-03/2023_SCKCEN_CYCLADE-logo.png?itok=UByWRfIz" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/rectangle_md/public/files/2023-03/2023_SCKCEN_CYCLADE-logo.png?itok=NrNY_bym 636w,/sites/default/files/styles/rectangle_lg/public/files/2023-03/2023_SCKCEN_CYCLADE-logo.png?itok=UByWRfIz 1272w" alt="2023_SCKCEN_CYCLADE-logo" title="2023_SCKCEN_CYCLADE-logo" loading="lazy" /> </div><div class="ff-adelle px-4 pt-4 mb-3">09 March '23</div> <div class="content px-4 pb-4"><h3 class="ff-adelle font-weight-normal text-muted"> <a href="/en/news/five-belgian-companies-create-cyclade-centre-expertise-decommissioning-accelerators-and-cyclotrons" title="Five Belgian companies create CYCLADE: a centre of expertise for the decommissioning of accelerators and cyclotrons" class="stretched-link"> <span>Five Belgian companies create CYCLADE: a centre of expertise for the decommissioning of accelerators and cyclotrons</span> </a> </h3></div> </article> </li><li class="col col-12 col-md-4"><article class="position-relative teaser"><div class="ratio ratio-2by1 overflow-hidden"><img class="teaser-image" sizes="636px" src="/sites/default/files/styles/rectangle_lg/public/files/2023-11/2023_ANUBIS_logo-partners_HeaderImage.png?itok=DnZK8eZ6" srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/rectangle_md/public/files/2023-11/2023_ANUBIS_logo-partners_HeaderImage.png?itok=MacMLA1M 636w,/sites/default/files/styles/rectangle_lg/public/files/2023-11/2023_ANUBIS_logo-partners_HeaderImage.png?itok=DnZK8eZ6 1272w" alt="2023_ANUBIS_logo-partners_HeaderImage" title="2023_ANUBIS_logo-partners_HeaderImage" loading="lazy" /> </div><div class="ff-adelle px-4 pt-4 mb-3">02 March '23</div> <div class="content px-4 pb-4"><h3 class="ff-adelle font-weight-normal text-muted"> <a href="/en/news/advanced-measurement-techniques-key-minimize-and-safely-dispose-radioactive-decommissioning-waste" title="Advanced measurement techniques as the key to minimize and safely dispose radioactive decommissioning waste" class="stretched-link"> <span>Advanced measurement techniques as the key to minimize and safely dispose radioactive decommissioning waste</span> </a> </h3></div> </article> </li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="container mb-6 layers"> <div class="bg-light text-dark p-4 p-5 mb-6 text-center"> <div class="ff-adelle mb-4 text-xl content"> <p><strong>More news on the nuclear lifecycle?</strong></p> </div> <a href="https://www.sckcen.be/en/news?theme=192&expertise=" class="btn btn-primary col-12 col-sm-auto"><span class="lettering" data-text="Continue reading"><span style="transition-delay: 0ms">C</span><span style="transition-delay: 20ms">o</span><span style="transition-delay: 40ms">n</span><span style="transition-delay: 60ms">t</span><span style="transition-delay: 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