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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7_%D0%A2%D0%9C%D0%90" title="Союз ТМА – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Союз ТМА" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojuz-TMA" title="Sojuz-TMA – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sojuz-TMA" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_TMA" title="Soyuz TMA – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Soyuz TMA" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%AA%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="سویوز تی‌ام‌ای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سویوز تی‌ام‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiuz_TMA" title="Soiuz TMA – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Soiuz TMA" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%8C%EC%9C%A0%EC%8A%A4-TMA" title="소유스-TMA – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="소유스-TMA" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojuz-TMA" title="Sojuz-TMA – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sojuz-TMA" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojuz-TMA" title="Sojuz-TMA – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sojuz-TMA" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szojuz_TMA" title="Szojuz TMA – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szojuz TMA" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sojuz-TMA" title="Sojuz-TMA – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sojuz-TMA" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_TMA" title="Soyuz TMA – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Soyuz TMA" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7-%D0%A2%D0%9C%D0%90" title="Союз-ТМА – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Союз-ТМА" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soyuz_TMA" title="Soyuz TMA – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Soyuz TMA" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Revision of the Soyuz spacecraft</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25em;"><caption class="infobox-title">Soyuz-TMA</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg/260px-Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg/390px-Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg/520px-Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2274" data-file-height="1506" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Energia_(corporation)" title="Energia (corporation)">Energia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Applications</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISS" class="mw-redirect" title="ISS">ISS</a> crew transport</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Regime</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">Low Earth orbit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Design life</th><td class="infobox-data">Up to six months docked to <a href="/wiki/ISS" class="mw-redirect" title="ISS">ISS</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Production</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">Retired</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launched</th><td class="infobox-data">22</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Maiden launch</th><td class="infobox-data">30 October 2002<br />(<a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-1" title="Soyuz TMA-1">Soyuz TMA-1</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Last launch</th><td class="infobox-data">14 November 2011<br />(<a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-22" title="Soyuz TMA-22">Soyuz TMA-22</a>)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Related spacecraft</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Derived from</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-TM" title="Soyuz-TM">Soyuz-TM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Derivatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-M" title="Soyuz TMA-M">Soyuz TMA-M</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Soyuz-TMA</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">транспортный модифицированный антропометрический</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Transportnyi Modifitsirovannyi Antropometricheskii</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Transport Modified Anthropometric') was a spacecraft built by <a href="/wiki/Energia_(corporation)" title="Energia (corporation)">Energia</a> and used by <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Roscosmos</a> for <a href="/wiki/Human_spaceflight" title="Human spaceflight">human spaceflight</a>. It is a revision of the <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz spacecraft">Soyuz spacecraft</a> introduced in 2001 and was in use until 2012 after being superseded in 2010 by the <a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-M" title="Soyuz TMA-M">Soyuz TMA-M</a>. While it looks identical to the earlier <a href="/wiki/Soyuz-TM" title="Soyuz-TM">Soyuz-TM</a> on the outside, the spacecraft features several changes to accommodate requirements requested by <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a> to better service the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">International Space Station</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most important difference are the anthropometric changes, primarily in the form of new adjustable crew couches that allowed shorter, taller, lighter and heavier passengers to ride in the spacecraft. The Soyuz also received improved parachute systems and a "<a href="/wiki/Glass_cockpit" title="Glass cockpit">glass cockpit</a>," a first for an expendable vehicle. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soyuz_TMA&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soyuz-TMA_seat_improvements.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Soyuz-TMA_seat_improvements.jpg/220px-Soyuz-TMA_seat_improvements.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Soyuz-TMA_seat_improvements.jpg/330px-Soyuz-TMA_seat_improvements.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Soyuz-TMA_seat_improvements.jpg/440px-Soyuz-TMA_seat_improvements.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Soyuz-TMA seat improvements</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soyuz-TMA_parts.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Soyuz-TMA_parts.jpg/220px-Soyuz-TMA_parts.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Soyuz-TMA_parts.jpg/330px-Soyuz-TMA_parts.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Soyuz-TMA_parts.jpg/440px-Soyuz-TMA_parts.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Diagram showing the three elements of the Soyuz-TMA spacecraft.</figcaption></figure> <p>A Soyuz spacecraft consists of three parts (from front to back): </p> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Spheroid" title="Spheroid">spheroid</a> <a href="/wiki/Orbital_module" title="Orbital module">orbital module</a></li> <li>A small aerodynamic <a href="/wiki/Reentry_capsule" title="Reentry capsule">reentry module</a></li> <li>A cylindrical <a href="/wiki/Service_module" title="Service module">service module</a> with solar panels attached</li></ul> <p>The first two portions are habitable living space. By moving as much as possible into the orbital module, which does not have to be shielded or decelerated during <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_atmosphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Earth's atmosphere">atmospheric</a> re-entry, the Soyuz three-part craft is both larger and lighter than the two-part <a href="/wiki/Apollo_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo spacecraft">Apollo spacecraft</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Command/Service_Module" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo Command/Service Module">command module</a>. The Apollo command module had six cubic meters of living space and a mass of 5000 kg; the three-part Soyuz provided the same crew with nine cubic meters of living space, an airlock, and a service module for the mass of the Apollo capsule alone. This does not consider the orbital module, that could be used instead of the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module</a>. </p><p>Soyuz can carry up to three <a href="/wiki/Astronaut" title="Astronaut">cosmonauts</a> and provide life support for them for about 30 person days. The life support system provides a nitrogen/oxygen atmosphere at sea level partial pressures. The atmosphere is regenerated through <a href="/wiki/KO2" class="mw-redirect" title="KO2">KO<sub>2</sub></a> cylinders, which absorb most of the <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">CO<sub>2</sub></a> and <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> produced by the crew and regenerates the oxygen, and <a href="/wiki/LiOH" class="mw-redirect" title="LiOH">LiOH</a> cylinders which absorb leftover CO<sub>2</sub>. </p><p>The vehicle is protected during launch by a nose fairing, which is jettisoned after passing through the atmosphere. It has an automatic docking system. The ship can be operated automatically, or by a pilot independently of ground control. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Orbital_Module_(BO)"><span id="Orbital_Module_.28BO.29"></span>Orbital Module (BO)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soyuz_TMA&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Orbital Module (BO)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soyuz-TMA_orbital_module.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Soyuz-TMA_orbital_module.jpg/220px-Soyuz-TMA_orbital_module.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Soyuz-TMA_orbital_module.jpg/330px-Soyuz-TMA_orbital_module.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Soyuz-TMA_orbital_module.jpg/440px-Soyuz-TMA_orbital_module.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Soyuz spacecraft's Orbital Module</figcaption></figure> <p>The forepart of the spacecraft is the orbital module (<span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span>: бытовой отсек (BO), <i>Bitovoy otsek</i>) also known as Habitation section. It houses all the equipment that will not be needed for reentry, such as experiments, cameras or cargo. Commonly, it is used as both eating area and lavatory. At its far end, it also contains the docking port. This module also contains a toilet, docking avionics and communications gear. On the latest Soyuz versions, a small window was introduced, providing the crew with a forward view. </p><p>A hatch between it and the descent module can be closed so as to isolate it to act as an airlock if needed, cosmonauts exiting through its side port (at the bottom of this picture, near the descent module) on the launch pad, they have entered the spacecraft through this port. </p><p>This separation also lets the orbital module be customized to the mission with less risk to the life-critical descent module. The convention of orientation in zero gravity differs from that of the descent module, as cosmonauts stand or sit with their heads to the docking port. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reentry_Module_(SA)"><span id="Reentry_Module_.28SA.29"></span>Reentry Module (SA)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soyuz_TMA&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reentry Module (SA)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soyuz-TMA_descent_module.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Soyuz-TMA_descent_module.jpg/220px-Soyuz-TMA_descent_module.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Soyuz-TMA_descent_module.jpg/330px-Soyuz-TMA_descent_module.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Soyuz-TMA_descent_module.jpg/440px-Soyuz-TMA_descent_module.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Soyuz spacecraft's Descent Module</figcaption></figure> <p>The reentry module (<span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span>: спускаемый аппарат (СА), <i>Spuskaemiy apparat (SA)</i>) is used for launch and the journey back to Earth. It is covered by a heat-resistant covering to protect it during <a href="/wiki/Re-entry" class="mw-redirect" title="Re-entry">re-entry</a>. It is slowed initially by the atmosphere, then by a braking parachute, followed by the main parachute which slows the craft for landing. At one meter above the ground, solid-fuel braking engines mounted behind the <a href="/wiki/Heat_shield" title="Heat shield">heat shield</a> are fired to give a soft landing. One of the design requirements for the reentry module was for it to have the highest possible volumetric efficiency (internal volume divided by hull area). The best shape for this is a sphere, but such a shape can provide no lift, which results in a purely <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_reentry" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballistic reentry">ballistic reentry</a>. Ballistic reentries are hard on the occupants due to high deceleration and can't be steered beyond their initial deorbit burn. That is why it was decided to go with the "headlight" shape that the Soyuz uses — a hemispherical forward area joined by a barely angled conical section (seven degrees) to a classic spherical section heat shield. This shape allows a small amount of lift to be generated due to the unequal weight distribution. The nickname was coined at a time when nearly every automobile headlight was a circular paraboloid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Service_Module_(PAO)"><span id="Service_Module_.28PAO.29"></span>Service Module (PAO)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soyuz_TMA&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Service Module (PAO)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soyuz-TMA_propulsion_module.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Soyuz-TMA_propulsion_module.jpg/220px-Soyuz-TMA_propulsion_module.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Soyuz-TMA_propulsion_module.jpg/330px-Soyuz-TMA_propulsion_module.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Soyuz-TMA_propulsion_module.jpg/440px-Soyuz-TMA_propulsion_module.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Soyuz spacecraft's Instrumentation/Propulsion Module</figcaption></figure> <p>At the back of the vehicle is the service module (<span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span>: приборно-агрегатный отсек, <i>Priborno-Agregatniy Otsek (PAO)</i>). It has an instrumentation compartment (<span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span>: приборный отсек, <i>Priborniy Otsek (PO)</i>), a pressurized container shaped like a bulging can that contains systems for temperature control, electric power supply, long-range <a href="/wiki/Radio" title="Radio">radio</a> communications, radio telemetry, and instruments for orientation and control. The propulsion compartment (<span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span>: агрегатный отсек, <i>Agregatniy Otsek (AO)</i>), a non-pressurized part of the service module, contains the main engine and a spare: liquid-fuel <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft_propulsion" title="Spacecraft propulsion">propulsion systems</a> for maneuvering in orbit and initiating the descent back to Earth. The ship also has a system of low-thrust engines for orientation, attached to the intermediate compartment (<span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span>: переходной отсек, <i>Perekhodnoi Otsek (PkhO)</i>). Outside the service module are the sensors for the orientation system and the solar array, which is oriented towards the Sun by rotating the ship. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Re-entry_procedure">Re-entry procedure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soyuz_TMA&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Re-entry procedure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because its modular construction differs from that of previous designs, the Soyuz has an unusual sequence of events prior to re-entry. The spacecraft is turned engine-forward and the main engine is fired for de-orbiting fully 180° ahead of its planned landing site. This requires the least propellant for re-entry, the spacecraft traveling on an elliptical <a href="/wiki/Hohmann_orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Hohmann orbit">Hohmann orbit</a> to a point where it will be low enough in the atmosphere to re-enter. </p><p>Early Soyuz spacecraft would then have the service and orbital modules detach simultaneously. As they are connected by tubing and electrical cables to the descent module, this would aid in their separation and avoid having the descent module alter its orientation. Later Soyuz spacecraft detach the orbital module before firing the main engine, which saves even more propellant, enabling the descent module to return more payload. In no case can the orbital module remain in orbit as an addition to a space station, for the hatch enabling it to function as an airlock is part of the descent module. </p><p>Re-entry firing is typically done on the "dawn" side of the Earth, so that the spacecraft can be seen by recovery helicopters as it descends in the evening twilight, illuminated by the sun when it is above the shadow of the Earth. Since the beginning of Soyuz missions to the ISS, only five have performed nighttime landings.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spacecraft_systems">Spacecraft systems</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soyuz_TMA&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Spacecraft systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jsc2006e33951.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Jsc2006e33951.jpg/220px-Jsc2006e33951.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Jsc2006e33951.jpg/330px-Jsc2006e33951.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Jsc2006e33951.jpg/440px-Jsc2006e33951.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2912" data-file-height="4368" /></a><figcaption>Soyuz-TMA cockpit</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>Thermal Control System</b> – <i>Sistema Obespecheniya Teplovogo Rezhima, SOTR </i> - Cистема Обеспечения Теплового Режима, COTP</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Life_support_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Life support system">Life support system</a></b> – <i>Kompleks Sredstv Obespecheniya Zhiznideyatelnosti, KSOZh</i> - Комплекс Средств Обеспечения Жизнедеятельности, KCOЖ</li> <li><b>Power Supply System</b> – <i>Sistema Elektropitaniya, SEP</i> - Система Электропитания, CЭП</li> <li><b>Communication and Tracking Systems</b> – Rassvet (Dawn) radio communications system, Onboard Measurement System (SBI), Kvant-V spacecraft control, Klyost-M television system, Orbit Radio Tracking (RKO)</li> <li><b>Onboard Complex Control System</b> – <i>Sistema Upravleniya Bortovym Kompleksom, SUBK </i> - Система Управления Бортовым Комплексом, СУБК</li> <li><b>Combined Propulsion System</b> – <i>Kompleksnaya Dvigatelnaya Ustanovka, KDU</i> - Комплексная Двигательная Установка, КДУ</li> <li><b>Chaika-3 Motion Control System</b> – <i>Sistema Upravleniya Dvizheniem, SUD</i> - Cистема Управления Движением, СУД</li> <li><b>Optical/Visual Devices (OVP)</b>- VSK-4 (Vizir Spetsialniy Kosmicheskiy-4 - Визир Специальный Космический-4), Night Vision Device (VNUK-K, Visir Nochnogo Upravleniya po Kursu - ВНУK-К, Визир Ночного Управления по Курсу), Docking light, Pilot's Sight (VP-1, Vizir Pilota-1 - ВП-1, Визир Пилота-1), Laser Range Finder (LPR-1, Lazerniy Dalnomer-1 - ЛПР-1, Лазерный Дальномер-1)</li> <li><b>Kurs rendezvous system</b></li> <li><b>Docking System</b> – <i><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Stykovki_i_Vnutrennego_Perekhoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistema Stykovki i Vnutrennego Perekhoda">Sistema Stykovki i Vnutrennego Perekhoda</a>, SSVP</i> - Система Стыковки и Внутреннего Перехода, ССВП</li> <li><b>Teleoperator Control Mode</b> – <i>Teleoperatorniy Rezhim Upravleniya, TORU</i> - Телеоператорный Режим Управления, ТОРУ</li> <li><b>Entry Actuators System</b> – <i>Sistema Ispolnitelnikh Organov Spuska, SIO-S</i> - Система Исполнительных Органов Спуска, СИО-С</li> <li><b>Landing Aids Kit</b> – <i>Kompleks Sredstv Prizemleniya, KSP</i> - Комплекс Средств Приземления, КСП</li> <li><b>Portable Survival Kit</b> – <i>Nosimiy Avariyniy Zapas, NAZ </i> - Носимый Аварийный Запас, НАЗ</li> <li><b>Soyuz <a href="/wiki/Launch_escape_system" title="Launch escape system">launch escape system</a></b> – <i>Sistema Avariynogo Spaseniya, SAS</i> - Система Аварийного Спасения, САС</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soyuz_TMA&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/s/soyuztma.html">"Soyuz TMA"</a>. <i>astronautix.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=astronautix.com&rft.atitle=Soyuz+TMA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Fs%2Fsoyuztma.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoyuz+TMA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://spaceflight101.com/iss-expedition-45/soyuz-trio-set-for-rare-nighttime-landing-on-friday/">"Soyuz Trio set for rare Nighttime Landing on Friday"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Soyuz+Trio+set+for+rare+Nighttime+Landing+on+Friday&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fspaceflight101.com%2Fiss-expedition-45%2Fsoyuz-trio-set-for-rare-nighttime-landing-on-friday%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoyuz+TMA" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soyuz_TMA&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Soyuz_spacecraft" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Soyuz spacecraft">Soyuz spacecraft</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>Mir Hardware Heritage <ul><li>David S.F. Portree, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020406094119/http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/history/shuttle-mir/references/r-documents-mirhh.htm">Mir Hardware Heritage</a></i>, NASA RP-1357, 1995</li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Mir_Hardware_Heritage" class="extiw" title="s:Mir Hardware Heritage">Mir Hardware Heritage (wikisource)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070528052848/http://www.io.com/~o_m/ssh/astp/astp.htm">OMWorld's ASTP Docking Trainer Page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/structure/elements/soyuz/spacecraft_detail.html">NASA – Russian Soyuz TMA Spacecraft Details</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.com/businesstechnology/070628_private_moonshot.html">Space Adventures circum-lunar mission – details</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Soyuz" title="Template:Soyuz"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Soyuz" title="Template talk:Soyuz"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Soyuz" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Soyuz"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Soyuz_programme" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_programme" title="Soyuz programme">Soyuz programme</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Soyuz_missions" title="List of Soyuz missions">List of Soyuz missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Soviet_human_spaceflight_missions" title="List of Soviet human spaceflight missions">List of Soviet human spaceflight missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_human_spaceflight_missions" title="List of Russian human spaceflight missions">List of Russian human spaceflight missions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket_family)" title="Soyuz (rocket family)">Soyuz (rocket family)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(spacecraft)" title="Soyuz (spacecraft)">Soyuz (spacecraft)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome">Baikonur Cosmodrome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gagarin%27s_Start" title="Gagarin's Start">Site 1/5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baikonur_Cosmodrome_Site_31" title="Baikonur Cosmodrome Site 31">Site 31/6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_abort_modes" title="Soyuz abort modes">Soyuz abort modes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Cosmonaut ranks and positions</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg/140px-Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg/210px-Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg/280px-Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2274" data-file-height="1506" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past missions<br />(by spacecraft type)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-OK" title="Soyuz 7K-OK">Soyuz 7K-OK</a> (1966–1970)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_133" title="Kosmos 133">Kosmos 133</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-OK_No.1" title="Soyuz 7K-OK No.1">Soyuz 7K-OK No.1</a>† <span style="font-size:85%;">(uncrewed)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_140" title="Kosmos 140">Kosmos 140</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_1" title="Soyuz 1">Soyuz 1</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_186_and_Kosmos_188" title="Kosmos 186 and Kosmos 188">Kosmos 186</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_186_and_Kosmos_188" title="Kosmos 186 and Kosmos 188">188</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_212" title="Kosmos 212">212</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_213" title="Kosmos 213">213</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_238" title="Kosmos 238">238</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_2" title="Soyuz 2">Soyuz 2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(uncrewed)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_3" title="Soyuz 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_4" title="Soyuz 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_5" title="Soyuz 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_6" title="Soyuz 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7" title="Soyuz 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_8" title="Soyuz 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_9" title="Soyuz 9">9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-L1" title="Soyuz 7K-L1">Soyuz 7K-L1</a> (1967–1970)<br />(<a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond lunar programme</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_146" title="Kosmos 146">Kosmos 146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_154" title="Kosmos 154">154</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-L1_No.4L" title="Soyuz 7K-L1 No.4L">Zond 1967A</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-L1_No.5L" title="Soyuz 7K-L1 No.5L">1967B</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_4" title="Zond 4">Zond 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_1968A" class="mw-redirect" title="Zond 1968A">1968A</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_1968B" class="mw-redirect" title="Zond 1968B">1968B</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_5" title="Zond 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_6" title="Zond 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_1969A" class="mw-redirect" title="Zond 1969A">1969A</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_L1S-1" title="Zond L1S-1">Zond-M 1</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_L1S-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Zond L1S-2">M 2</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_7" title="Zond 7">Zond 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_8" title="Zond 8">8</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zond_9" class="mw-redirect" title="Zond 9">9</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zond_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Zond 10">10</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-L1E" title="Soyuz 7K-L1E">Soyuz 7K-L1E</a> (1969–1970)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-L1E_No.1" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1">Soyuz 7K-L1E No.1</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_382" title="Kosmos 382">Kosmos 382</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-LOK" title="Soyuz 7K-LOK">Soyuz 7K-LOK</a> (1971–1972)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-LOK_No.1" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1">Soyuz 7K-LOK No.1</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-LOK_No.2" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz 7K-LOK No.2">No.2</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-OKS" title="Soyuz 7K-OKS">Soyuz 7K-OKS</a> (1971)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_10" title="Soyuz 10">Soyuz 10</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_11" title="Soyuz 11">11</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-T" title="Soyuz 7K-T">Soyuz 7K-T</a> (1972–1981)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_496" title="Kosmos 496">Kosmos 496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_573" title="Kosmos 573">573</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_12" title="Soyuz 12">Soyuz 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_613" title="Kosmos 613">Kosmos 613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_13" title="Soyuz 13">Soyuz 13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_656" title="Kosmos 656">Kosmos 656</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_14" title="Soyuz 14">Soyuz 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_15" title="Soyuz 15">15</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_17" title="Soyuz 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-T_No.39" title="Soyuz 7K-T No.39">18a</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_18" title="Soyuz 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_20" title="Soyuz 20">20</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(uncrewed)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_21" title="Soyuz 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_23" title="Soyuz 23">23</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_24" title="Soyuz 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_25" title="Soyuz 25">25</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_26" title="Soyuz 26">26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_27" title="Soyuz 27">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_28" title="Soyuz 28">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_29" title="Soyuz 29">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_30" title="Soyuz 30">30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_31" title="Soyuz 31">31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_32" title="Soyuz 32">32</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(uncrewed landing)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_33" title="Soyuz 33">33</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_34" title="Soyuz 34">34</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(uncrewed launch)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_35" title="Soyuz 35">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_36" title="Soyuz 36">36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_37" title="Soyuz 37">37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_38" title="Soyuz 38">38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_39" title="Soyuz 39">39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_40" title="Soyuz 40">40</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-TM" title="Soyuz 7K-TM">Soyuz 7K-TM</a> (1974–1976)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_638" title="Kosmos 638">Kosmos 638</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_672" title="Kosmos 672">672</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_16" title="Soyuz 16">Soyuz 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_19" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz 19">19</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz" title="Apollo–Soyuz">Apollo–Soyuz</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_22" title="Soyuz 22">22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_Soyuz" title="Military Soyuz">Soyuz 7K-S</a> (1974–1976)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_670" title="Kosmos 670">Kosmos 670</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_772" title="Kosmos 772">772</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_869" title="Kosmos 869">869</a>†</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-T" title="Soyuz-T">Soyuz-T</a> (1978–1986)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1001" title="Kosmos 1001">Kosmos 1001</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_1074" title="Kosmos 1074">1074</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-1" title="Soyuz T-1">Soyuz T-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(uncrewed)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-2" title="Soyuz T-2">T-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-3" title="Soyuz T-3">T-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-4" title="Soyuz T-4">T-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-5" title="Soyuz T-5">T-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-6" title="Soyuz T-6">T-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-7" title="Soyuz T-7">T-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-8" title="Soyuz T-8">T-8</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-9" title="Soyuz T-9">T-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-ST_No.16L" title="Soyuz 7K-ST No.16L">T-10a</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-10" title="Soyuz T-10">T-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-11" title="Soyuz T-11">T-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-12" title="Soyuz T-12">T-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-13" title="Soyuz T-13">T-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-14" title="Soyuz T-14">T-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_T-15" title="Soyuz T-15">T-15</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-TM" title="Soyuz-TM">Soyuz-TM</a> (1986–2002)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-1" title="Soyuz TM-1">Soyuz TM-1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(uncrewed)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-2" title="Soyuz TM-2">TM-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-3" title="Soyuz TM-3">TM-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-4" title="Soyuz TM-4">TM-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-5" title="Soyuz TM-5">TM-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-6" title="Soyuz TM-6">TM-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-7" title="Soyuz TM-7">TM-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-8" title="Soyuz TM-8">TM-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-9" title="Soyuz TM-9">TM-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-10" title="Soyuz TM-10">TM-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-11" title="Soyuz TM-11">TM-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-12" title="Soyuz TM-12">TM-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-13" title="Soyuz TM-13">TM-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-14" title="Soyuz TM-14">TM-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-15" title="Soyuz TM-15">TM-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-16" title="Soyuz TM-16">TM-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-17" title="Soyuz TM-17">TM-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-18" title="Soyuz TM-18">TM-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-19" title="Soyuz TM-19">TM-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-20" title="Soyuz TM-20">TM-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-21" title="Soyuz TM-21">TM-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-22" title="Soyuz TM-22">TM-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-23" title="Soyuz TM-23">TM-23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-24" title="Soyuz TM-24">TM-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-25" title="Soyuz TM-25">TM-25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-26" title="Soyuz TM-26">TM-26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-27" title="Soyuz TM-27">TM-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-28" title="Soyuz TM-28">TM-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-29" title="Soyuz TM-29">TM-29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-30" title="Soyuz TM-30">TM-30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-31" title="Soyuz TM-31">TM-31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-32" title="Soyuz TM-32">TM-32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-33" title="Soyuz TM-33">TM-33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-34" title="Soyuz TM-34">TM-34</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-TMA" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-TMA">Soyuz-TMA</a> (2002–2012)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-1" title="Soyuz TMA-1">Soyuz TMA-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-2" title="Soyuz TMA-2">TMA-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-3" title="Soyuz TMA-3">TMA-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-4" title="Soyuz TMA-4">TMA-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-5" title="Soyuz TMA-5">TMA-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-6" title="Soyuz TMA-6">TMA-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-7" title="Soyuz TMA-7">TMA-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-8" title="Soyuz TMA-8">TMA-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-9" title="Soyuz TMA-9">TMA-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-10" title="Soyuz TMA-10">TMA-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-11" title="Soyuz TMA-11">TMA-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-12" title="Soyuz TMA-12">TMA-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-13" title="Soyuz TMA-13">TMA-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-14" title="Soyuz TMA-14">TMA-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-15" title="Soyuz TMA-15">TMA-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-16" title="Soyuz TMA-16">TMA-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-17" title="Soyuz TMA-17">TMA-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-18" title="Soyuz TMA-18">TMA-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-19" title="Soyuz TMA-19">TMA-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-20" title="Soyuz TMA-20">TMA-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-21" title="Soyuz TMA-21">TMA-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-22" title="Soyuz TMA-22">TMA-22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-TMA#Soyuz_TMA-M" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-TMA">Soyuz-TMA-M</a> (2010–2016)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-01M" title="Soyuz TMA-01M">Soyuz TMA-01M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-02M" title="Soyuz TMA-02M">TMA-02M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-03M" title="Soyuz TMA-03M">TMA-03M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-04M" title="Soyuz TMA-04M">TMA-04M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-05M" title="Soyuz TMA-05M">TMA-05M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-06M" title="Soyuz TMA-06M">TMA-06M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-07M" title="Soyuz TMA-07M">TMA-07M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-08M" title="Soyuz TMA-08M">TMA-08M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-09M" title="Soyuz TMA-09M">TMA-09M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-10M" title="Soyuz TMA-10M">TMA-10M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-11M" title="Soyuz TMA-11M">TMA-11M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-12M" title="Soyuz TMA-12M">TMA-12M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-13M" title="Soyuz TMA-13M">TMA-13M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-14M" title="Soyuz TMA-14M">TMA-14M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-15M" title="Soyuz TMA-15M">TMA-15M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-16M" title="Soyuz TMA-16M">TMA-16M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-17M" title="Soyuz TMA-17M">TMA-17M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-18M" title="Soyuz TMA-18M">TMA-18M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-19M" title="Soyuz TMA-19M">TMA-19M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-20M" title="Soyuz TMA-20M">TMA-20M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS" title="Soyuz MS">Soyuz MS</a> (2016–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-01" title="Soyuz MS-01">Soyuz MS-01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-02" title="Soyuz MS-02">MS-02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-03" title="Soyuz MS-03">MS-03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-04" title="Soyuz MS-04">MS-04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-05" title="Soyuz MS-05">MS-05</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-06" title="Soyuz MS-06">MS-06</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-07" title="Soyuz MS-07">MS-07</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-08" title="Soyuz MS-08">MS-08</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-09" title="Soyuz MS-09">MS-09</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-10" title="Soyuz MS-10">MS-10</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-11" title="Soyuz MS-11">MS-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-12" title="Soyuz MS-12">MS-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-13" title="Soyuz MS-13">MS-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-14" title="Soyuz MS-14">MS-14</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(uncrewed)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-15" title="Soyuz MS-15">MS-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-16" title="Soyuz MS-16">MS-16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-17" title="Soyuz MS-17">MS-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-18" title="Soyuz MS-18">MS-18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-19" title="Soyuz MS-19">MS-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-20" title="Soyuz MS-20">MS-20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-21" title="Soyuz MS-21">MS-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-22" title="Soyuz MS-22">MS-22</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(uncrewed landing)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-23" title="Soyuz MS-23">MS-23</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(uncrewed launch)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-24" title="Soyuz MS-24">MS-24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-25" title="Soyuz MS-25">MS-25</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-26" title="Soyuz MS-26">MS-26</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2025 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-27" title="Soyuz MS-27">MS-27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-28" title="Soyuz MS-28">MS-28</a></li></ul></li> <li>2026 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS-29" title="Soyuz MS-29">MS-29</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Uncrewed missions are designated as <i>Kosmos</i> instead of <i>Soyuz</i>; exceptions are noted "(uncrewed)".<br />The † sign designates failed missions. <i>Italics</i> designates cancelled missions.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Soyuz_spacecraft_variants" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Soyuz_variants" title="Template:Soyuz variants"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Soyuz_variants" title="Template talk:Soyuz variants"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Soyuz_variants" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Soyuz variants"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Soyuz_spacecraft_variants" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(spacecraft)" title="Soyuz (spacecraft)">Soyuz spacecraft variants</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early programme</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sever_(spacecraft)" title="Sever (spacecraft)">Sever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-A" title="Soyuz-A">Soyuz 7K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-B" title="Soyuz-B">Soyuz 9K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-V" title="Soyuz-V">Soyuz 11K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-VI">Soyuz-VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_P" title="Soyuz P">Soyuz P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Soyuz" title="Military Soyuz">Soyuz PPK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Soyuz" title="Military Soyuz">Soyuz R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-TK" title="Soyuz 7K-TK">Soyuz 7K-TK</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg/200px-Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg/300px-Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg/400px-Soyuz_TMA-7_spacecraft2edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2274" data-file-height="1506" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">7K series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-OK" title="Soyuz 7K-OK">Soyuz 7K-OK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-L1" title="Soyuz 7K-L1">Soyuz 7K-L1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-LOK" title="Soyuz 7K-LOK">Soyuz 7K-LOK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-TK" title="Soyuz 7K-TK">Soyuz 7K-TK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-T/AF" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz 7K-T/AF">Soyuz 7K-T/AF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-OKS" title="Soyuz 7K-OKS">Soyuz 7K-OKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-T" title="Soyuz 7K-T">Soyuz 7K-T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-T" title="Soyuz 7K-T">Soyuz 7K-T/A9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-TM" title="Soyuz 7K-TM">Soyuz 7K-TM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_7K-MF6" title="Soyuz 7K-MF6">Soyuz 7K-MF6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Later series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-T" title="Soyuz-T">Soyuz-T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-TM" title="Soyuz-TM">Soyuz-TM</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Soyuz TMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-M" title="Soyuz TMA-M">Soyuz TMA-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_MS" title="Soyuz MS">Soyuz MS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Progress_(spacecraft)" title="Progress (spacecraft)">Progress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progress_7K-TG" title="Progress 7K-TG">Progress 7K-TG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress-M" title="Progress-M">Progress-M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress-M1" title="Progress-M1">Progress-M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress-M2" class="mw-redirect" title="Progress-M2">Progress-M2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress-MS" class="mw-redirect" title="Progress-MS">Progress-MS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other derivatives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aelita_(spacecraft)" title="Aelita (spacecraft)">Aelita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamma_(satellite)" title="Gamma (satellite)">Gamma</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Soviet_and_Russian_government_human_spaceflight_programs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Russian_human_spaceflight_programs" title="Template:Russian human spaceflight programs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Russian_human_spaceflight_programs" title="Template talk:Russian human spaceflight programs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russian_human_spaceflight_programs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Russian human spaceflight programs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Soviet_and_Russian_government_human_spaceflight_programs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Russian</a> government human spaceflight programs</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_programme" title="Soyuz programme">Soyuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">ISS</a> <small> (joint) </small> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orbital_Segment" title="Russian Orbital Segment">Russian Orbital Segment</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orel_(spacecraft)" title="Orel (spacecraft)">Orel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Past</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_programme" title="Vostok programme">Vostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voskhod_programme" title="Voskhod programme">Voskhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salyut_programme" title="Salyut programme">Salyut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almaz" title="Almaz">Almaz</a> <small>(incorporated into Salyut program)</small> / <a href="/wiki/TKS_(spacecraft)" title="TKS (spacecraft)">TKS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo%E2%80%93Soyuz_Test_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollo–Soyuz Test Project">Apollo–Soyuz</a> <small> (joint) </small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mir" title="Mir">Mir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle%E2%80%93Mir_program" title="Shuttle–Mir program">Shuttle-Mir</a> <small> (joint) </small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cancelled</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Moon: </i> <a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond (7K-L1)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_human_lunar_programs#Moon_landing_N1.2FL3_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet human lunar programs">N1-L3</a>, <a href="/wiki/LK-700" title="LK-700">LK-700</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zvezda_(moonbase)" title="Zvezda (moonbase)">Zvezda</a></li> <li><i>Interplanetary: </i> <a href="/wiki/TMK" title="TMK">TMK</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aelita_project" title="Aelita project">Aelita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martian_Piloted_Complex" title="Martian Piloted Complex">Martian Piloted Complex</a></li> <li><i>Spaceplanes: </i> <a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-105" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-105">Spiral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Energia_(rocket)" title="Energia (rocket)">Energia</a> / <a href="/wiki/Buran_programme" title="Buran programme">Buran</a>, <a href="/wiki/MAKS_(spacecraft)" title="MAKS (spacecraft)">MAKS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kliper" title="Kliper">Kliper</a>, <a href="/wiki/LKS_(Spaceship)" class="mw-redirect" title="LKS (Spaceship)">LKS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-2000" title="Tupolev Tu-2000">Tupolev Tu-2000</a></li> <li><i>Capsules: </i> <a href="/wiki/Military_Soyuz#Soyuz_7K-VI_Zvezda" title="Military Soyuz">Zvezda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zarya_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zarya (spacecraft)">Zarya</a></li> <li><i>Space Stations: </i> <a href="/wiki/Orbital_Piloted_Assembly_and_Experiment_Complex" title="Orbital Piloted Assembly and Experiment Complex">OPSEK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Soyuz_missions" title="List of Soyuz missions">List of Soyuz missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Soviet_human_spaceflight_missions" title="List of Soviet human spaceflight missions">List of Soviet human spaceflight missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_human_spaceflight_missions" title="List of Russian human spaceflight missions">List of Russian human spaceflight missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronaut_ranks_and_positions" title="Astronaut ranks and positions">Cosmonaut ranks and positions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soyuz_TMA&oldid=1252352254">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soyuz_TMA&oldid=1252352254</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Crewed_spacecraft" title="Category:Crewed spacecraft">Crewed spacecraft</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Soyuz_program" 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