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name="searchtype"><option value="all">All fields</option><option value="title">Title</option><option selected value="author">Author(s)</option><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="comments">Comments</option><option value="journal_ref">Journal reference</option><option value="acm_class">ACM classification</option><option value="msc_class">MSC classification</option><option value="report_num">Report number</option><option value="paper_id">arXiv identifier</option><option value="doi">DOI</option><option value="orcid">ORCID</option><option value="license">License (URI)</option><option value="author_id">arXiv author ID</option><option value="help">Help pages</option><option value="full_text">Full text</option></select> <input id="query" name="query" type="text" value="Weis, C"> <ul id="abstracts"><li><input checked id="abstracts-0" name="abstracts" type="radio" value="show"> <label for="abstracts-0">Show abstracts</label></li><li><input id="abstracts-1" name="abstracts" 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is-link">Go</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <ol class="breathe-horizontal" start="1"> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.11654">arXiv:2503.11654</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.11654">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2503.11654">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Hardware Architecture">cs.AR</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Enhanced LPDDR4X PHY in 12 nm FinFET </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Feldmann%2C+J">Johannes Feldmann</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Lappas%2C+J">Jan Lappas</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Esmaeilpour%2C+M">Mohammadreza Esmaeilpour</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Abdo%2C+H">Hussien Abdo</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Weis%2C+C">Christian Weis</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Wehn%2C+N">Norbert Wehn</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2503.11654v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The demand for memory technologies with high bandwidth, low power consumption, and enhanced reliability has led to the emergence of LPDDR4X DRAM memory. However, power efficiency and reliability depend not only on the memory device but also on its interfacing. To enable advanced monitoring of LPDDR4X DRAM devices and interface tuning, we propose a LPDDR4X PHY implemented in 12 nm FinFET technology… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2503.11654v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2503.11654v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2503.11654v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The demand for memory technologies with high bandwidth, low power consumption, and enhanced reliability has led to the emergence of LPDDR4X DRAM memory. However, power efficiency and reliability depend not only on the memory device but also on its interfacing. To enable advanced monitoring of LPDDR4X DRAM devices and interface tuning, we propose a LPDDR4X PHY implemented in 12 nm FinFET technology. A RISC-V subsystem offers software-controlled DRAM interface access as well as external interfaces to connect additional sensors for monitoring temperature and current consumption of LPDDR4X DRAM devices. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2503.11654v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2503.11654v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 29 January, 2025; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> March 2025. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">RISC-V Summit Europe, Munich, 24-28th June 2024</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.03347">arXiv:2410.03347</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2410.03347">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2410.03347">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Cryptography and Security">cs.CR</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Practical Light Clients for Committee-Based Blockchains </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Armknecht%2C+F">Frederik Armknecht</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Karame%2C+G">Ghassan Karame</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Mohamed%2C+M">Malcom Mohamed</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Weis%2C+C">Christiane Weis</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2410.03347v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Light clients are gaining increasing attention in the literature since they obviate the need for users to set up dedicated blockchain full nodes. While the literature features a number of light client instantiations, most light client protocols optimize for long offline phases and implicitly assume that the block headers to be verified are signed by highly dynamic validators. In this paper, we s… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2410.03347v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2410.03347v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2410.03347v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Light clients are gaining increasing attention in the literature since they obviate the need for users to set up dedicated blockchain full nodes. While the literature features a number of light client instantiations, most light client protocols optimize for long offline phases and implicitly assume that the block headers to be verified are signed by highly dynamic validators. In this paper, we show that (i) most light clients are rarely offline for more than a week, and (ii) validators are unlikely to drastically change in most permissioned blockchains and in a number of permissionless blockchains, such as Cosmos and Polkadot. Motivated by these findings, we propose a novel practical system that optimizes for such realistic assumptions and achieves minimal communication and computational costs for light clients when compared to existing protocols. By means of a prototype implementation of our solution, we show that our protocol achieves a reduction by up to $90$ and $40000\times$ (respectively) in end-to-end latency and up to $1000$ and $10000\times$ (respectively) smaller proof size when compared to two state-of-the-art light client instantiations from the literature. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2410.03347v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2410.03347v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 18 October, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 4 October, 2024; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> October 2024. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.08028">arXiv:2312.08028</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2312.08028">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/2312.08028">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2312.08028">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Cryptography and Security">cs.CR</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Provable Security for the Onion Routing and Mix Network Packet Format Sphinx </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Scherer%2C+P">Philip Scherer</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Weis%2C+C">Christiane Weis</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Strufe%2C+T">Thorsten Strufe</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2312.08028v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Onion routing and mix networks are fundamental concepts to provide users with anonymous access to the Internet. Various corresponding solutions rely on the efficient Sphinx packet format. However, flaws in Sphinx's underlying proof strategy were found recently. It is thus currently unclear which guarantees Sphinx actually provides, and, even worse, there is no suitable proof strategy available. In… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2312.08028v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2312.08028v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2312.08028v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Onion routing and mix networks are fundamental concepts to provide users with anonymous access to the Internet. Various corresponding solutions rely on the efficient Sphinx packet format. However, flaws in Sphinx's underlying proof strategy were found recently. It is thus currently unclear which guarantees Sphinx actually provides, and, even worse, there is no suitable proof strategy available. In this paper, we restore the security foundation for all these works by building a theoretical framework for Sphinx. We discover that the previously-used DDH assumption is insufficient for a security proof and show that the Gap Diffie-Hellman (GDH) assumption is required instead. We apply it to prove that a slightly adapted version of the Sphinx packet format is secure under the GDH assumption. Ours is the first work to provide a detailed, in-depth security proof for Sphinx in this manner. Our adaptations to Sphinx are necessary, as we demonstrate with an attack on sender privacy that would be possible otherwise. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2312.08028v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2312.08028v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 13 December, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2023. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.04028">arXiv:2310.04028</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.04028">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Machine Learning">cs.LG</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Genomics">q-bio.GN</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Genetic prediction of quantitative traits: a machine learner's guide focused on height </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Bourguignon%2C+L">Lucie Bourguignon</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Weis%2C+C">Caroline Weis</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Jutzeler%2C+C+R">Catherine R. Jutzeler</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Adamer%2C+M">Michael Adamer</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2310.04028v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Machine learning and deep learning have been celebrating many successes in the application to biological problems, especially in the domain of protein folding. Another equally complex and important question has received relatively little attention by the machine learning community, namely the one of prediction of complex traits from genetics. Tackling this problem requires in-depth knowledge of th… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2310.04028v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2310.04028v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2310.04028v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Machine learning and deep learning have been celebrating many successes in the application to biological problems, especially in the domain of protein folding. Another equally complex and important question has received relatively little attention by the machine learning community, namely the one of prediction of complex traits from genetics. Tackling this problem requires in-depth knowledge of the related genetics literature and awareness of various subtleties associated with genetic data. In this guide, we provide an overview for the machine learning community on current state of the art models and associated subtleties which need to be taken into consideration when developing new models for phenotype prediction. We use height as an example of a continuous-valued phenotype and provide an introduction to benchmark datasets, confounders, feature selection, and common metrics. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2310.04028v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2310.04028v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 6 October, 2023; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> October 2023. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.01191">arXiv:2012.01191</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2012.01191">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/ps/2012.01191">ps</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2012.01191">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Computers and Society">cs.CY</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Machine Learning">cs.LG</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Convening during COVID-19: Lessons learnt from organizing virtual workshops in 2020 </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Samiei%2C+M">Mandana Samiei</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Weis%2C+C">Caroline Weis</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Schiavo%2C+L">Larissa Schiavo</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Chavdarova%2C+T">Tatjana Chavdarova</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Yousefi%2C+F">Fariba Yousefi</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2012.01191v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> This report is an account of the authors' experiences as organizers of WiML's "Un-Workshop" event at ICML 2020. Un-workshops focus on participant-driven structured discussions on a pre-selected topic. For clarity, this event was different from the "WiML Workshop", which is usually co-located with NeurIPS. In this manuscript, organizers, share their experiences with the hope that it will help futur… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2012.01191v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2012.01191v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2012.01191v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> This report is an account of the authors' experiences as organizers of WiML's "Un-Workshop" event at ICML 2020. Un-workshops focus on participant-driven structured discussions on a pre-selected topic. For clarity, this event was different from the "WiML Workshop", which is usually co-located with NeurIPS. In this manuscript, organizers, share their experiences with the hope that it will help future organizers to host a successful virtual event under similar conditions. Women in Machine Learning (WiML)'s mission is creating connections within a small community of women working in machine learning, in order to encourage mentorship, networking, and interchange of ideas and increase the impact of women in the community. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2012.01191v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2012.01191v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 27 November, 2020; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> December 2020. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">12 pages</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2011.11070">arXiv:2011.11070</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.11070">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2011.11070">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Genomics">q-bio.GN</span> <span class="tag is-small is-grey tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Machine Learning">cs.LG</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Topological Data Analysis of copy number alterations in cancer </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Groha%2C+S">Stefan Groha</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Weis%2C+C">Caroline Weis</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Gusev%2C+A">Alexander Gusev</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Rieck%2C+B">Bastian Rieck</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2011.11070v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Identifying subgroups and properties of cancer biopsy samples is a crucial step towards obtaining precise diagnoses and being able to perform personalized treatment of cancer patients. Recent data collections provide a comprehensive characterization of cancer cell data, including genetic data on copy number alterations (CNAs). We explore the potential to capture information contained in cancer gen… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2011.11070v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2011.11070v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2011.11070v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Identifying subgroups and properties of cancer biopsy samples is a crucial step towards obtaining precise diagnoses and being able to perform personalized treatment of cancer patients. Recent data collections provide a comprehensive characterization of cancer cell data, including genetic data on copy number alterations (CNAs). We explore the potential to capture information contained in cancer genomic information using a novel topology-based approach that encodes each cancer sample as a persistence diagram of topological features, i.e., high-dimensional voids represented in the data. We find that this technique has the potential to extract meaningful low-dimensional representations in cancer somatic genetic data and demonstrate the viability of some applications on finding substructures in cancer data as well as comparing similarity of cancer types. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2011.11070v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2011.11070v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 22 April, 2021; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 22 November, 2020; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> November 2020. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.03152">arXiv:2007.03152</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2007.03152">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/2007.03152">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Hardware Architecture">cs.AR</span> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> The gem5 Simulator: Version 20.0+ </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Lowe-Power%2C+J">Jason Lowe-Power</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Ahmad%2C+A+M">Abdul Mutaal Ahmad</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Akram%2C+A">Ayaz Akram</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Alian%2C+M">Mohammad Alian</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Amslinger%2C+R">Rico Amslinger</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Andreozzi%2C+M">Matteo Andreozzi</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Armejach%2C+A">Adri脿 Armejach</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Asmussen%2C+N">Nils Asmussen</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Beckmann%2C+B">Brad Beckmann</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Bharadwaj%2C+S">Srikant Bharadwaj</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Black%2C+G">Gabe Black</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Bloom%2C+G">Gedare Bloom</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Bruce%2C+B+R">Bobby R. Bruce</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Carvalho%2C+D+R">Daniel Rodrigues Carvalho</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Castrillon%2C+J">Jeronimo Castrillon</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Chen%2C+L">Lizhong Chen</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Derumigny%2C+N">Nicolas Derumigny</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Diestelhorst%2C+S">Stephan Diestelhorst</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Elsasser%2C+W">Wendy Elsasser</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Escuin%2C+C">Carlos Escuin</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Fariborz%2C+M">Marjan Fariborz</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Farmahini-Farahani%2C+A">Amin Farmahini-Farahani</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Fotouhi%2C+P">Pouya Fotouhi</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Gambord%2C+R">Ryan Gambord</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Gandhi%2C+J">Jayneel Gandhi</a> , et al. (53 additional authors not shown) </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2007.03152v2-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The open-source and community-supported gem5 simulator is one of the most popular tools for computer architecture research. This simulation infrastructure allows researchers to model modern computer hardware at the cycle level, and it has enough fidelity to boot unmodified Linux-based operating systems and run full applications for multiple architectures including x86, Arm, and RISC-V. The gem5 si… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2007.03152v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('2007.03152v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="2007.03152v2-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The open-source and community-supported gem5 simulator is one of the most popular tools for computer architecture research. This simulation infrastructure allows researchers to model modern computer hardware at the cycle level, and it has enough fidelity to boot unmodified Linux-based operating systems and run full applications for multiple architectures including x86, Arm, and RISC-V. The gem5 simulator has been under active development over the last nine years since the original gem5 release. In this time, there have been over 7500 commits to the codebase from over 250 unique contributors which have improved the simulator by adding new features, fixing bugs, and increasing the code quality. In this paper, we give and overview of gem5's usage and features, describe the current state of the gem5 simulator, and enumerate the major changes since the initial release of gem5. We also discuss how the gem5 simulator has transitioned to a formal governance model to enable continued improvement and community support for the next 20 years of computer architecture research. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('2007.03152v2-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('2007.03152v2-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 29 September, 2020; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">v1</span> submitted 6 July, 2020; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> July 2020. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Comments:</span> <span class="has-text-grey-dark mathjax">Source, comments, and feedback: https://github.com/darchr/gem5-20-paper</span> </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.00889">arXiv:1911.00889</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1911.00889">pdf</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing">cs.DC</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11265-020-01562-x">10.1007/s11265-020-01562-x <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> eBrainII: A 3 kW Realtime Custom 3D DRAM integrated ASIC implementation of a Biologically Plausible Model of a Human Scale Cortex </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Stathis%2C+D">Dimitrios Stathis</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Sudarshan%2C+C">Chirag Sudarshan</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Yang%2C+Y">Yu Yang</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Jung%2C+M">Matthias Jung</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Jafri%2C+S+A+M+H">Syed Asad Mohamad Hasan Jafri</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Weis%2C+C">Christian Weis</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Hemani%2C+A">Ahmed Hemani</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Lansner%2C+A">Anders Lansner</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Wehn%2C+N">Norbert Wehn</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1911.00889v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> The Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) like CNN/DNN and LSTM are not biologically plausible and in spite of their initial success, they cannot attain the cognitive capabilities enabled by the dynamic hierarchical associative memory systems of biological brains. The biologically plausible spiking brain models, for e.g. cortex, basal ganglia and amygdala have a greater potential to achieve biological… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1911.00889v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1911.00889v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1911.00889v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> The Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) like CNN/DNN and LSTM are not biologically plausible and in spite of their initial success, they cannot attain the cognitive capabilities enabled by the dynamic hierarchical associative memory systems of biological brains. The biologically plausible spiking brain models, for e.g. cortex, basal ganglia and amygdala have a greater potential to achieve biological brain like cognitive capabilities. Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN) is a biologically plausible spiking model of cortex. A human scale model of BCPNN in real time requires 162 TFlops/s, 50 TBs of synaptic weight storage to be accessed with a bandwidth of 200 TBs. The spiking bandwidth is relatively modest at 250 GBs/s. A hand optimized implementation of rodent scale BCPNN has been implemented on Tesla K80 GPUs require 3 kW, we extrapolate from that a human scale network will require 3 MW. These power numbers rule out such implementations for field deployment as advanced cognition engines in embedded systems. The key innovation that this paper reports is that it is feasible and affordable to implement real time BCPNN as a custom tiled ASIC in 28 nm technology with custom 3D DRAM - eBrain II - that consumes 3 kWs for human scale and 12 W for rodent scale cortex model. Such implementations eminently fulfill the demands for field deployment. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1911.00889v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1911.00889v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 3 November, 2019; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> November 2019. </p> </li> <li class="arxiv-result"> <div class="is-marginless"> <p class="list-title is-inline-block"><a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1803.07613">arXiv:1803.07613</a> <span> [<a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1803.07613">pdf</a>, <a href="https://arxiv.org/format/1803.07613">other</a>] </span> </p> <div class="tags is-inline-block"> <span class="tag is-small is-link tooltip is-tooltip-top" data-tooltip="Hardware Architecture">cs.AR</span> </div> <div class="is-inline-block" style="margin-left: 0.5rem"> <div class="tags has-addons"> <span class="tag is-dark is-size-7">doi</span> <span class="tag is-light is-size-7"><a class="" href="https://doi.org/10.1145/3132402.3132444">10.1145/3132402.3132444 <i class="fa fa-external-link" aria-hidden="true"></i></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p class="title is-5 mathjax"> Integrating DRAM Power-Down Modes in gem5 and Quantifying their Impact </p> <p class="authors"> <span class="search-hit">Authors:</span> <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Jagtap%2C+R">Radhika Jagtap</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Jung%2C+M">Matthias Jung</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Elsasser%2C+W">Wendy Elsasser</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Weis%2C+C">Christian Weis</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Hansson%2C+A">Andreas Hansson</a>, <a href="/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Wehn%2C+N">Norbert Wehn</a> </p> <p class="abstract mathjax"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Abstract</span>: <span class="abstract-short has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1803.07613v1-abstract-short" style="display: inline;"> Across applications, DRAM is a significant contributor to the overall system power, with the DRAM access energy per bit up to three orders of magnitude higher compared to on-chip memory accesses. To improve the power efficiency, DRAM technology incorporates multiple power-down modes, each with different trade-offs between achievable power savings and performance impact due to entry and exit delay… <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1803.07613v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'inline'; document.getElementById('1803.07613v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'none';">▽ More</a> </span> <span class="abstract-full has-text-grey-dark mathjax" id="1803.07613v1-abstract-full" style="display: none;"> Across applications, DRAM is a significant contributor to the overall system power, with the DRAM access energy per bit up to three orders of magnitude higher compared to on-chip memory accesses. To improve the power efficiency, DRAM technology incorporates multiple power-down modes, each with different trade-offs between achievable power savings and performance impact due to entry and exit delay requirements. Accurate modeling of these low power modes and entry and exit control is crucial to analyze the trade-offs across controller configurations and workloads with varied memory access characteristics. To address this, we integrate the power-down modes into the DRAM controller model in the open-source simulator gem5. This is the first publicly available full-system simulator with DRAM power-down modes, providing the research community a tool for DRAM power analysis for a breadth of use cases. We validate the power-down functionality with sweep tests, which trigger defined memory access characteristics. We further evaluate the model with real HPC workloads, illustrating the value of integrating low power functionality into a full system simulator. <a class="is-size-7" style="white-space: nowrap;" onclick="document.getElementById('1803.07613v1-abstract-full').style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById('1803.07613v1-abstract-short').style.display = 'inline';">△ Less</a> </span> </p> <p class="is-size-7"><span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Submitted</span> 20 March, 2018; <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">originally announced</span> March 2018. </p> <p class="comments is-size-7"> <span class="has-text-black-bis has-text-weight-semibold">Journal ref:</span> In Proceedings of MEMSYS 2017, Alexandria, VA, USA, October 2, 2017, 10 pages, ACM </p> </li> </ol> <div class="is-hidden-tablet">  <span class="help" style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://github.com/arXiv/arxiv-search/releases">Search v0.5.6 released 2020-02-24</a>  </span> 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