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type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A" title="معركة فاسلوي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="معركة فاسلوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B9" title="Битка при Васлуй – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Битка при Васлуй" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlacht_bei_Vaslui" title="Schlacht bei Vaslui – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schlacht bei Vaslui" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaslui_lahing" title="Vaslui lahing – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vaslui lahing" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batalla_de_Vaslui" title="Batalla de Vaslui – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Batalla de Vaslui" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bataille_de_Vaslui" title="Bataille de Vaslui – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bataille de Vaslui" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battaglia_di_Vaslui" title="Battaglia di Vaslui – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Battaglia di Vaslui" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%91_%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%99" title="קרב וסלוי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרב וסלוי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1szl%C3%B3i_csata" title="Vászlói csata – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vászlói csata" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%98_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%98" title="Битка кај Васлуј – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Битка кај Васлуј" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertempuran_Vaslui" title="Pertempuran Vaslui – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pertempuran Vaslui" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slag_bij_Vaslui" title="Slag bij Vaslui – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Slag bij Vaslui" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwa_pod_Vaslui" title="Bitwa pod Vaslui – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bitwa pod Vaslui" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%83t%C4%83lia_de_la_Vaslui" title="Bătălia de la Vaslui – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bătălia de la Vaslui" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Васлуйская битва – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Васлуйская битва" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitka_pri_mestu_Vaslui" title="Bitka pri mestu Vaslui – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bitka pri mestu Vaslui" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racova_Muharebesi" title="Racova Muharebesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Racova Muharebesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Васлуйська битва – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Васлуйська битва" 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Vaslui&params=46_36_18_N_27_44_42_E_type:eventy_region:RO"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°36′18″N</span> <span class="longitude">27°44′42″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.60500°N 27.74500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.60500; 27.74500</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1475 battle of the Moldavian-Ottoman Wars</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Battle of Vaslui</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of the <a href="/wiki/Moldavian-Ottoman_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Moldavian-Ottoman Wars">Moldavian-Ottoman Wars</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ottoman-Hungarian_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman-Hungarian Wars">Ottoman-Hungarian Wars</a><br />and the <a href="/wiki/Polish-Ottoman_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish-Ottoman Wars">Polish-Ottoman Wars</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vaslui_15cMD.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Vaslui_15cMD.png/350px-Vaslui_15cMD.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f5/Vaslui_15cMD.png 1.5x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="327" /></a></span><br />Location of the battle</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>10 January 1475<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKármánKunčevic2013266_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKármánKunčevic2013266-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location">Near <a href="/wiki/Vaslui" title="Vaslui">Vaslui</a>, present-day <a href="/wiki/Western_Moldavia" title="Western Moldavia">Western Moldavia</a>, eastern <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></div><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Battle_of_Vaslui&params=46_36_18_N_27_44_42_E_type:eventy_region:RO"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°36′18″N</span> <span class="longitude">27°44′42″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.60500°N 27.74500°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">46.60500; 27.74500</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> Moldavian victory<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_the_Kingdom_of_Poland" title="Crown of the Kingdom of Poland">Kingdom of Poland</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary_(1301%E2%80%931526)" title="Kingdom of Hungary (1301–1526)">Kingdom of Hungary</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_the_Great" title="Stephen the Great">Stephen III of Moldavia</a><br />Mihály Fants<sup id="cite_ref-szeklers_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-szeklers-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Had%C4%B1m_Suleiman_Pasha_(governor_of_Rumelia)" title="Hadım Suleiman Pasha (governor of Rumelia)">Hadım Suleiman Pasha</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Strength</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <p>30,000–40,000 Moldavians<br />5,000 Székelys<br />2,000–5,000 Vlachs<br />2,000 Poles<br />1,800 Hungarians<br />20 cannons </p> 40,000 (Gentis Silesiæ Annales)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> 60,000–120,000 Ottomans (according to <a href="/wiki/Stephen_the_Great" title="Stephen the Great">Stephen III of Moldavia</a>)<br />30,000 Ottomans (Gentis Silesiæ Annales)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> ~5,000 killed and wounded</td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> ~40,000 dead (disputed)<sup id="cite_ref-PilatCristea149_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PilatCristea149-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span 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title="Hungarian–Ottoman War (1375–1377)">Hungarian–Ottoman War</a> (1375–77)</dt> <dt><a href="/wiki/Hungarian%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1389%E2%80%931396)" title="Hungarian–Ottoman War (1389–1396)">Hungarian–Ottoman War</a> (1389–96)</dt></dl> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nicopolis" title="Battle of Nicopolis">Nicopolis</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Hungarian%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1415%E2%80%931419)" title="Hungarian–Ottoman War (1415–1419)">Hungarian–Ottoman War</a> (1415–19)</dt> <dt><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_South_Danube_(1420%E2%80%931432)" title="War of the South Danube (1420–1432)">War of the South Danube</a> (1420–32)</dt></dl> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Golubac" title="Siege of Golubac">Golubac</a>)</li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Hungarian%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1437%E2%80%931442)" title="Hungarian–Ottoman War (1437–1442)">Hungarian–Ottoman War</a> (1437–42)</dt></dl> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belgrade_(1440)" title="Siege of Belgrade (1440)">Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hermannstadt" title="Battle of Hermannstadt">Hermannstadt</a>)<br /></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Varna" title="Crusade of Varna">Crusade of Varna</a> (1443–44)</dt></dl> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nish_(1443)" title="Battle of Nish (1443)">Nish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zlatitsa" title="Battle of Zlatitsa">Zlatitsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kunovica" title="Battle of Kunovica">Kunovica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Varna" title="Battle of Varna">Várna</a>)<br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo_(1448)" title="Battle of Kosovo (1448)">Kosovo</a> (1448)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kru%C5%A1evac" title="Battle of Kruševac">Kruševac</a> (1454)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belgrade_(1456)" title="Siege of Belgrade (1456)">Belgrade</a> (1456)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_U%C5%BEice" title="Battle of Užice">Užice</a> (1458)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Smederevo_(1459)" title="Siege of Smederevo (1459)">Smederevo</a> (1459)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jajce_(1464)" title="Siege of Jajce (1464)">Jajce</a> (1464)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zvornik_(1464)" title="Battle of Zvornik (1464)">Zvornik</a> (1464)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vaslui</a> (1475)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_Expedition_(1477)" title="Serbia Expedition (1477)">Serbia Expedition</a> (1477)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Breadfield" title="Battle of Breadfield">Breadfield</a> (1479)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_conquest_of_Otranto" title="Ottoman conquest of Otranto">Otranto</a> (1480–81)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krbava_Field" title="Battle of Krbava Field">Krbava Field</a> (1493)</li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Hungarian%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1521%E2%80%931526)" title="Hungarian–Ottoman War (1521–1526)">Hungarian–Ottoman War</a> (1521–26)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belgrade_(1521)" title="Siege of Belgrade (1521)">Belgrade</a> (1521)</li> <li><br /><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_%C5%A0abac_(1521)" title="Siege of Šabac (1521)">Šabac</a> (1521)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs" title="Battle of Mohács">Mohács</a> (1526)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Habsburg_wars" title="Ottoman–Habsburg wars">Ottoman–Habsburg wars</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><br /><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Moldavian–Ottoman_Wars" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Moldavian%E2%80%93Ottoman_Wars" title="Template:Campaignbox Moldavian–Ottoman Wars"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Moldavian%E2%80%93Ottoman_Wars" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Moldavian–Ottoman Wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Moldavian%E2%80%93Ottoman_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Moldavian–Ottoman Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Moldavian–Ottoman_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><span style="font-size:97%;"><a href="/wiki/Moldavian%E2%80%93Ottoman_Wars" title="Moldavian–Ottoman Wars"><span class="wrap">Moldavian–Ottoman Wars</span></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Mehmed_I" title="Mehmed I">Mehmed I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Good" title="Alexander the Good">Alexander the Good</a> (1420)</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Khillia_and_White_Fortresses" title="Siege of Khillia and White Fortresses">Khillia and White Fortresses</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Varna" title="Crusade of Varna">Crusade of Varna</a> (1443-1444)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nish_(1443)" title="Battle of Nish (1443)">Nish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Varna" title="Battle of Varna">Varna</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Stephen_the_Great" title="Stephen the Great">Stephen III</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_the_Conqueror" class="mw-redirect" title="Mehmed the Conqueror">Mehmed II</a> (1473-1479)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vaslui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valea_Alb%C4%83" title="Battle of Valea Albă">Valea Albă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Neam%C8%9B_Citadel" title="Siege of Neamț Citadel">Neamț Citadel</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Bayezid_II" title="Bayezid II">Bayezid II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_the_Great" title="Stephen the Great">Stephen III</a> (1484-1499)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Chilia_(1484)" title="Siege of Chilia (1484)">Chilia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottoman_conquest_of_Akkerman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ottoman conquest of Akkerman (page does not exist)">Akkerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_C%C4%83tl%C4%83buga" title="Battle of Cătlăbuga">Cătlăbuga</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Scheia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Scheia (page does not exist)">Scheia</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Michael_the_Brave" title="Michael the Brave">Michael the Brave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_III" title="Mehmed III">Mehmed III</a> (1593-1606)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Giurgiu_(1595)" title="Battle of Giurgiu (1595)">Giurgiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C8%98elimb%C4%83r" title="Battle of Șelimbăr">Șelimbăr</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Jan_Zamoyski" title="Jan Zamoyski">Jan Zamoyski</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_III" title="Mehmed III">Mehmed III</a> (1595)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cecora_(1595)" title="Battle of Cecora (1595)">Cecora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Suceava_(1595)" title="Battle of Suceava (1595)">Suceava</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Graziani" title="Gaspar Graziani">Gaspar Graziani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Osman_II" title="Osman II">Osman II</a> (1620)</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cecora_(1620)" title="Battle of Cecora (1620)">Cecora</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Pruth_River_Campaign" title="Pruth River Campaign"><b>Pruth River</b></a> <b>(1710-1711)</b></dt></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vieniamin_Costache&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vieniamin Costache (page does not exist)">Vieniamin Costache</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mahmud_II" title="Mahmud II">Mahmud II</a> (1806-1812)</dt></dl></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><br /><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Polish–Ottoman_Wars" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Polish-Ottoman_Wars" title="Template:Campaignbox Polish-Ottoman Wars"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Polish-Ottoman_Wars" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Polish-Ottoman Wars"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Polish-Ottoman_Wars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Polish-Ottoman Wars"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Polish–Ottoman_Wars" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_armed_conflicts_involving_Poland_against_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="List of armed conflicts involving Poland against Turkey"><span class="wrap">Polish–Ottoman Wars</span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1375%E2%80%931377)" title="Hungarian–Ottoman War (1375–1377)">1375–1377</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1389%E2%80%931396)" title="Hungarian–Ottoman War (1389–1396)">1389–1396</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1415%E2%80%931419)" title="Hungarian–Ottoman War (1415–1419)">1415–1419</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1437%E2%80%931442)" title="Hungarian–Ottoman War (1437–1442)">1437–1442</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Varna" title="Crusade of Varna">1443–1444</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1485%E2%80%931503)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1485–1503)">1485–1503</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian%E2%80%93Polish_War_(1502%E2%80%931510)" title="Moldavian–Polish War (1502–1510)">1502–1510</a></li> <li>1524</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs" title="Battle of Mohács">1526</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Verbia" title="Battle of Verbia">1561</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Turkish_War" title="Long Turkish War">1593–1606</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Zamoyski%27s_expedition_to_Moldavia" title="Jan Zamoyski's expedition to Moldavia">1595</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stefan_Potocki%27s_raid_on_Moldavia_(1607)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stefan Potocki's raid on Moldavia (1607) (page does not exist)">1607</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cornul_lui_Sas" title="Battle of Cornul lui Sas">1612</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Korecki%27s_expedition_to_Moldavia" title="Samuel Korecki's expedition to Moldavia">1615–1616</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1620%E2%80%931621)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1620–1621)">1620–1621</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1633%E2%80%931634)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1633–1634)">1633–1634</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Cossack%E2%80%93Tatar_War_(1666%E2%80%931671)" title="Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)">1666–1671</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1672%E2%80%931676)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676)">1672–1676</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lipka_rebellion" title="Lipka rebellion">Lipka rebellion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1683%E2%80%931699)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1683–1699)">1683–1699</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <p>The <b>Battle of Vaslui</b> (also referred to as the <b>Battle of Podul Înalt</b> or the <b>Battle of Racova</b>) was fought on 10 January 1475, between <a href="/wiki/Stephen_the_Great" title="Stephen the Great">Stephen III of Moldavia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> governor of <a href="/wiki/Rumelia_Eyalet" title="Rumelia Eyalet">Rumelia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Had%C4%B1m_Suleiman_Pasha_(governor_of_Rumelia)" title="Hadım Suleiman Pasha (governor of Rumelia)">Hadım Suleiman Pasha</a>. The battle took place at Podul Înalt ("the High Bridge"), near the town of <a href="/wiki/Vaslui" title="Vaslui">Vaslui</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Moldavia" title="Moldavia">Moldavia</a> (now part of eastern <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> troops numbered up to 30,000 or 120,000, facing about 40,000 Moldavian troops, plus smaller numbers of allied and mercenary troops.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stephen inflicted a decisive defeat on the Ottomans, with casualties according to <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venetian</a> and Polish records reaching beyond 40,000 on the Ottoman side. <a href="/wiki/Mara_Brankovi%C4%87" title="Mara Branković">Mara Branković</a> (Mara Hatun), the former younger wife of <a href="/wiki/Murad_II" title="Murad II">Murad II</a>, told a Venetian envoy that the invasion had been the worst ever defeat for the Ottomans.<sup id="cite_ref-p._133_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p._133-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stephen was later awarded the title <i><a href="/wiki/Athleta_Christi" title="Athleta Christi">Athleta Christi</a></i> ("Champion of Christ") by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_IV" title="Pope Sixtus IV">Pope Sixtus IV</a>, who referred to him as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">"verus christianae fidei athleta"</i></span> ("the true defender of the Christian faith").<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the Polish chronicler <a href="/wiki/Jan_D%C5%82ugosz" title="Jan Długosz">Jan Długosz</a>, Stephen did not celebrate his victory; instead, he <a href="/wiki/Fasted" class="mw-redirect" title="Fasted">fasted</a> for forty days on bread and water and forbade anyone to attribute the victory to him, insisting that credit be given only to <a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">the Lord</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vaslui&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/The_Night_Attack" class="mw-redirect" title="The Night Attack">The Night Attack</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baia" title="Battle of Baia">Battle of Baia</a></div> <p>The conflict between Stephen and Ottoman Sultan <a href="/wiki/Mehmed_II" title="Mehmed II">Mehmed II</a> worsened when both laid their claims to the historical region of <a href="/wiki/Budjak" title="Budjak">Southern Bessarabia</a>, now known under the name of <a href="/wiki/Budjak" title="Budjak">Budjak</a>. The region had belonged to <a href="/wiki/Wallachia" title="Wallachia">Wallachia</a>, but later succumbed to Moldavian influence under <a href="/wiki/Petru_II_of_Moldavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Petru II of Moldavia">Petru Mușat</a> and was possibly annexed to Moldavia in the late 14th century by <a href="/wiki/Roman_I_of_Moldavia" title="Roman I of Moldavia">Roman I of Moldavia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under <a href="/wiki/Alexandru_cel_Bun" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandru cel Bun">Alexandru cel Bun</a>, it had become an integral part of Moldavia and was successfully defended in 1420 against the first Ottoman attempt to capture castle <a href="/wiki/Kilia,_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilia, Ukraine">Chilia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ports of Chilia and <a href="/wiki/Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi" title="Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi">Akkerman</a> (Romanian: <i>Cetatea Albă</i>) were essential for Moldavian commerce. The old trade route from <a href="/wiki/Caffa" class="mw-redirect" title="Caffa">Caffa</a>, Akkerman, and Chilia passed through <a href="/wiki/Suceava" title="Suceava">Suceava</a> in Moldavia and <a href="/wiki/Lwow" class="mw-redirect" title="Lwow">Lwow</a> in Poland (now in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bilhorod_Dnistrovskyi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Bilhorod_Dnistrovskyi.jpg/220px-Bilhorod_Dnistrovskyi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Bilhorod_Dnistrovskyi.jpg/330px-Bilhorod_Dnistrovskyi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Bilhorod_Dnistrovskyi.jpg/440px-Bilhorod_Dnistrovskyi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>The fortress of <a href="/wiki/Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi" title="Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi">Akkerman (Cetatea Albă)</a></figcaption></figure><p> Both Poland and <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> had previously made attempts to control the region, but had failed; and for the Ottomans, "the control of these two ports and of Caffa was as much an economic as a political necessity",<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as it would also enhance their control of Moldavia and serve as a valuable strategic point from which naval attacks could be launched against the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Poland-Lithuania" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth of Poland-Lithuania">Commonwealth of Poland-Lithuania</a>. This is confirmed by a German chronicle which explains that Mehmet wanted to turn Moldavia into "some kind of fortress", and from there, to launch attacks against Poland and Hungary.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ottomans also feared the strategic position of Moldavia, whence it would only take 15 to 20 days to reach <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1448, <a href="/wiki/Petru_III_of_Moldavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Petru III of Moldavia">Petru II of Moldavia</a> awarded Chilia to <a href="/wiki/John_Hunyadi" title="John Hunyadi">John Hunyadi</a>, the governor of <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-p._133_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p._133-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> effectively ceding control of the strategic area on the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>, with access to the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a>, to Hungary. With the assassination of <a href="/wiki/Bogdan_II_of_Moldavia" title="Bogdan II of Moldavia">Bogdan II of Moldavia</a> in 1451 by his brother <a href="/wiki/Petru_Aron" class="mw-redirect" title="Petru Aron">Petru Aron</a>, the country fell into civil war as two pretenders fought for the throne: Aron and <a href="/wiki/Alex%C4%83ndrel" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexăndrel">Alexăndrel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-p.92_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p.92-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bogdan's son, Stephen, fled Moldavia together with his cousin, <a href="/wiki/Vlad_Dracula" class="mw-redirect" title="Vlad Dracula">Vlad Dracula</a>—who had sought protection at the Moldavian court – to <a href="/wiki/Transylvania" title="Transylvania">Transylvania</a>, at the court of Hunyadi.<sup id="cite_ref-p.93_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p.93-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even though Hungary had made peace with the Turks in 1451, Hunyadi wanted to transform Wallachia and Moldavia into a barrier that would protect the kingdom from Ottoman expansion.<sup id="cite_ref-p.92-3_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p.92-3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the fall of 1453, after the Ottoman capture of <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, Moldavia received an ultimatum to start paying tribute to the <a href="/wiki/Sublime_Porte" title="Sublime Porte">Porte</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-studii_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-studii-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> two years later, on 5 October 1455, Aron sent the first Moldavian tribute to the Porte: a payment of 2,000 <a href="/wiki/Ducats" class="mw-redirect" title="Ducats">ducats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-p.164_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p.164-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With both Wallachia and Moldavia conducting a pro-Ottoman policy, the plan to install Vlad Țepeș as prince of Wallachia began to take shape. Sometime between April and July 1456, with the support of a few Hungarian troops and Wallachian boyars, Prince <a href="/wiki/Vladislav_II_of_Wallachia" title="Vladislav II of Wallachia">Vladislav II</a> was dethroned and slain, as Vlad Țepeș took possession of the Wallachian throne;<sup id="cite_ref-p.92-3_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p.92-3-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as such, Chilia became a shared Wallachian-Hungarian possession. In April 1457, Vlad Țepeș supported Stephen with 6,000 horsemen, which the latter used to invade Moldavia and occupy the Moldavian throne,<sup id="cite_ref-p._94_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p._94-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ending the civil war as Aron fled to Poland. The new prince continued sending the tribute that his uncle and Mehmed had agreed upon, and in such way, avoided any premature confrontation with his enemy. His first priority was to strengthen the country and to retrieve its lost territory. Because Aron resided in Poland, Stephen made a few incursions in southern Poland. The hostilities ended on 4 April 1459, when in a new treaty between the two countries, Moldavia accepted vassalage and Poland returned <a href="/wiki/Khotyn" title="Khotyn">Hotin</a> back to Moldavia; the latter also assumed the obligation to support Moldavia in retrieving Chilia and Cetatea Albă.<sup id="cite_ref-p._96_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p._96-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also in the interest of Poland to have the area belonging to Moldavia, as it would increase their commerce in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-p._134_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p._134-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 2 March 1462, in a renewed treaty between the two countries, it was agreed that no Moldavian territory should remain under foreign rulership, and if such territory was under foreign rulership, that territory should be regained.<sup id="cite_ref-p._134_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p._134-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that year, it is believed that Stephen asked Vlad to return Chilia back to Moldavia – a demand which was most likely refused.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 22 June, when Vlad was fighting Mehmed, Stephen allied himself with the Sultan and with some Turkish assistance, he launched an attack on Chilia.<sup id="cite_ref-p._149_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p._149-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fortress, defended by tall stone walls and 12 cannons, was among the strongest fortifications along the Danube at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-p._97_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p._97-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Wallachians rushed to the scene with 7,000 men, and together with the Hungarian garrison battled the Moldavians and the Turks for eight days. They managed to defend the town, while wounding Stephen in his foot with shrapnel.<sup id="cite_ref-p._149_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p._149-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1465, while Vlad was imprisoned in Hungary, Stephen again advanced towards Chilia with a large force and siege weapons; but instead of besieging the fortress, he showed the garrison – who favoured the Polish King – a letter in which the King required them to surrender the fortress. This they did, and Stephen entered the fortress where he found "its two captains, rather tipsy, for they have been to a wedding".<sup id="cite_ref-p._552_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p._552-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mehmed was furious about the news and claimed Chilia for being a part of Wallachia – which now was a vassal to the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Porte" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Porte">Porte</a> – and demanded Stephen to give it over to him. The latter refused, however, and recruited an army, forcing Mehmed – who was not yet ready to wage war – to accept the situation, if only for the time being.<sup id="cite_ref-p._552_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p._552-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Moldavian prince, realising that a future war with Mehmed could not be avoided, tried to gain time by increasing his tribute to the Porte by 50 percent (to 3,000 ducats); and also sent an envoy to Constantinople with gifts for the sultan.<sup id="cite_ref-Denize_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denize-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1467, <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Corvinus" title="Matthias Corvinus">Matthias Corvinus</a> of Hungary launched an expedition against Moldavia in order to punish Stephen for annexing the region. The invasion ended in a disaster for the Hungarians as they suffered a bitter defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Baia" title="Battle of Baia">Battle of Baia</a>, where Corvinus was thrice wounded by arrows and had to be "carried from the battlefield on a stretcher, to avoid him falling into the hands of the enemy".<sup id="cite_ref-p._566_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p._566-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LaiotaBasarab.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5a/LaiotaBasarab.jpg/220px-LaiotaBasarab.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="352" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5a/LaiotaBasarab.jpg/330px-LaiotaBasarab.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/5a/LaiotaBasarab.jpg 2x" data-file-width="374" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Laiotă Basarab at <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Horezu" class="mw-redirect" title="Monastery of Horezu">Monastery of Horezu</a></figcaption></figure> <p>To secure his southern frontier from Ottoman threats, Stephen wanted to liberate Wallachia – where the hostile <a href="/wiki/Radu_the_Handsome" title="Radu the Handsome">Radu the Handsome</a>, the halfbrother of Vlad Țepeș ruled – from Ottoman dominion. In 1470, he invaded the country and burned down the town of <a href="/wiki/Br%C4%83ila" title="Brăila">Brăila</a><sup id="cite_ref-Costin_Letopiseţul_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Costin_Letopiseţul-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1471, Stephen and Radu confronted each other in Moldavia, where the latter was defeated.<sup id="cite_ref-R_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>, which possessed several colonies in the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Peninsula">Crimea</a>, began to worry about Stephen's growing influence in the region; and ordered her colonies to do whatever was needed to revenge past mischief from which allegedly, the Genovese had suffered.<sup id="cite_ref-R_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The colonies in turn persuaded the Tatars to attack Moldavia. Later that year, the Tatars invaded the country from the north, causing great damage to the land and enslaving many.<sup id="cite_ref-R_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stephen replied by invading Tatar territory with Polish assistance. In 1472, <a href="/wiki/Uzun_Hassan" class="mw-redirect" title="Uzun Hassan">Uzun Hassan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ak_Koyunlu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ak Koyunlu">Ak Koyunlu</a> invaded the Ottoman Empire from the east, causing a great crisis to the empire. He was defeated the following year, but this unexpected event, as it is explained in a contemporary source, encouraged Venice and Hungary to renew their war on the Ottomans, and Moldavia to free herself from any Ottoman influence.<sup id="cite_ref-R_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1473, Stephen stopped paying the annual tribute to the Porte<sup id="cite_ref-p.165_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p.165-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as a reaction to this, an Italian letter, dated from 1473 to <a href="/wiki/Bartolomeo_Scala" title="Bartolomeo Scala">Bartolomeo Scala</a>, secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Florence" title="Republic of Florence">Republic of Florence</a>, reveals that Mehmed had left Constantinople on 13 April and was planning to invade Moldavia from land and sea.<sup id="cite_ref-Pippidi_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pippidi-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stephen still hoped to make peace with Radu and asked the Polish king to work as mediator.<sup id="cite_ref-R_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The peace attempts failed and the conflict intensified with three leaders challenging each other for the Wallachian throne: Radu, who was supported by Mehmed; the seemingly loyal <a href="/wiki/Basarab_Laiot%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Basarab Laiotă">Basarab Laiotă</a>, who at first was supported by Stephen; and <a href="/wiki/Basarab_%C5%A2epelu%C5%9F_cel_T%C3%A2n%C4%83r" class="mw-redirect" title="Basarab Ţepeluş cel Tânăr">Basarab Ţepeluş cel Tânăr</a>—who would gain the support of Stephen after Laiotă's betrayal.<sup id="cite_ref-Babinger_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Babinger-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A series of "absurd"<sup id="cite_ref-Babinger_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Babinger-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> clashes followed, starting with another confrontation between Stephen and Radu on 18–20 November, at <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A2mnicu_S%C4%83rat" title="Râmnicu Sărat">Râmnicu Sărat</a>, where the latter suffered his second defeat at the hands of the Moldavian "warlike" prince.<sup id="cite_ref-Babinger_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Babinger-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few days later, on 28 November, the Ottomans intervened with an army consisting of 12,000 Ottomans and 6,000 Wallachians, but "they incurred heavy losses and fled across the Danube".<sup id="cite_ref-Babinger_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Babinger-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After capturing the castle of <a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a>, Stephen put Laiotă on the throne,<sup id="cite_ref-Costin_Letopiseţul_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Costin_Letopiseţul-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but on 31 December, a new Ottoman army of 17,000 set camp around river <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A2rlad" title="Bârlad">Bârlad</a>, laying waste to the countryside, and intimidating the new prince into abandoning his Wallachian throne and fleeing to Moldavia.<sup id="cite_ref-Babinger_33-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Babinger-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the spring of 1474, Laiotă took the Wallachian throne for the second time; and in June, he made the decision to betray his protégé by submitting to Mehmet.<sup id="cite_ref-Babinger_33-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Babinger-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stephen then invested his support into a new candidate, named Ţepeluş (little spear), but his reign was even shorter, as it only lasted a few weeks after being defeated by Laiotă in battle on 5 October. Two weeks later, Stephen returned to Wallachia and forced Laiotă to flee.<sup id="cite_ref-Babinger_33-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Babinger-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mehmed, tired of what transpired in Wallachia, gave Stephen an ultimatum to forfeit Chilia to the Porte, to abolish his aggressive policy in Wallachia, and to come to <a href="/wiki/Constantinople" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> with his delayed homage.<sup id="cite_ref-p.165_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p.165-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Prince refused and in November 1474, he wrote to the Pope to warn him of further Ottoman expansion, and to ask him for support.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Preparations_for_war">Preparations for war</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vaslui&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Preparations for war"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottomans">Ottomans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vaslui&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ottomans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bellini,_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg/220px-Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg/330px-Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg/440px-Bellini%2C_Gentile_-_Sultan_Mehmet_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3132" data-file-height="4226" /></a><figcaption>Mehmed II by <a href="/wiki/Gentile_Bellini" title="Gentile Bellini">Gentile Bellini</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Mehmed ordered his general, Suleiman Pasha, to end the siege of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian</a>-controlled <a href="/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr" title="Shkodër">Shkodër</a><sup id="cite_ref-Chronicles_of_the_Ottoman_Dynasty_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronicles_of_the_Ottoman_Dynasty-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (now in <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>), to assemble his troops in <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, and from there to advance with additional troops towards Moldavia. For these already exhausted Ottoman troops, who had besieged the city from 17 May to 15 August,<sup id="cite_ref-Denize_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denize-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the transit from Shkodër to Moldavia was a month's journey through bad weather and difficult terrain.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Długosz, Suleiman was also ordered that after inflicting defeat on Stephen, he was to advance towards Poland, set camp for the winter, then invade Hungary in spring, and unite his forces with the army of the Sultan. The Ottoman army consisted of <a href="/wiki/Janissary" title="Janissary">Janissaries</a> and heavy infantry, which were supported by the heavy cavalry <i><a href="/wiki/Sipahi" title="Sipahi">sipahis</a></i> and by the light cavalry (<i><a href="/wiki/Akinji" title="Akinji">akinci</a></i>), who would scout ahead. There were also <a href="/wiki/Tatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tatar">Tatar</a> cavalry and other troops (such as the <a href="/wiki/Timariots" title="Timariots">Timariots</a>) from vassal states. Twenty thousand <a href="/wiki/Bulgarians" title="Bulgarians">Bulgarian</a> peasants were also included in the army; their main tasks were to clear the way for the rest of the army by building bridges over waters and removing snow from the roads, and to drive supply wagons.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In total, the Ottoman cavalry numbered 30,000.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 1474, the Ottoman army gathered in <a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a>, and from there, Suleiman marched towards Moldavia by crossing the frozen Danube on foot.<sup id="cite_ref-p._128_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p._128-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first stop was Wallachia, which he entered via <a href="/wiki/Vidin" title="Vidin">Vidin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nicopolis" title="Nicopolis">Nicopolis</a>. His army rested in Wallachia for two weeks, and was later met by a Wallachian contingent of 17,000 under <a href="/wiki/Basarab_Laiot%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Basarab Laiotă">Basarab Laiotă</a>, who had changed sides to join the Ottomans. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Humorstefan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Humorstefan.jpg/220px-Humorstefan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Humorstefan.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="236" data-file-height="239" /></a><figcaption>Stephen the Great – detail of a dedication miniature in the 1473 <i>Gospel</i> at Humor Monastery</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephenletter.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/13/Stephenletter.JPG/220px-Stephenletter.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/13/Stephenletter.JPG/330px-Stephenletter.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/13/Stephenletter.JPG 2x" data-file-width="380" data-file-height="319" /></a><figcaption>Letter of Stephen to European leaders, 29 November 1474</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moldavians">Moldavians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vaslui&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Moldavians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stephen was hoping to gain support from the West, and more specifically from the Pope. However, the help that he received was modest in numbers. The Hungarian Kingdom sent 1,800 Hungarians, while Poland sent 2,000 horsemen.<sup id="cite_ref-Kronika_Polska_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kronika_Polska-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stephen recruited 5,000 <a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kelys" title="Székelys">Székely</a> soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-Kronika_Polska_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kronika_Polska-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Moldavian_military_forces" title="Moldavian military forces">The Moldavian army</a> consisted of twenty <a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">cannon</a>; <a href="/wiki/Light_cavalry" title="Light cavalry">light cavalry</a> (Călăraşi); elite, heavy cavalry – named Viteji, Curteni, and <a href="/wiki/Boyar" title="Boyar">Boyars</a> – and professional foot soldiers. The army reached a strength of up to 40,000, of whom 10,000 to 15,000 comprised the standing army. The remainder consisted of 30,000 peasants armed with maces,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> bows, and other home-made weapons. They were recruited into <i>Oastea Mare</i> (the Great Army), into which all able-bodied free men over the age of 14 were conscripted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle">Battle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vaslui&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Battle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vaslui_Battle_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Vaslui_Battle_map.svg/220px-Vaslui_Battle_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Vaslui_Battle_map.svg/330px-Vaslui_Battle_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Vaslui_Battle_map.svg/440px-Vaslui_Battle_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="660" data-file-height="863" /></a><figcaption>Map of the battle</figcaption></figure> <p>The invading army entered Moldavia in December 1474. To fatigue the Ottomans, Stephen had instituted a policy of <a href="/wiki/Scorched_earth" title="Scorched earth">scorched earth</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kronika_Polska_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kronika_Polska-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and poisoned waters.<sup id="cite_ref-p._128_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p._128-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Troops who specialised in setting <a href="/wiki/Ambush" title="Ambush">ambushes</a> harassed the advancing Ottomans. The population and livestock were evacuated to the north of the country into the mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-p.42_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p.42-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ottoman scouts reported to Suleiman that there were untouched villages near <a href="/wiki/Vaslui" title="Vaslui">Vaslui</a>, and the Ottomans headed for that region. The winter made it difficult to set camp, which forced the Ottomans to move quickly and head for the Moldavian capital, <a href="/wiki/Suceava" title="Suceava">Suceava</a>. To reach Vaslui, where the Moldavian army had its main camp, they needed to cross Podul Înalt over the <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A2rlad_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Bârlad River">Bârlad River</a>. The bridge was made of wood and not suitable for heavy transportation of troops.<sup id="cite_ref-p._128_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p._128-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stephen chose that area for the battle – the same location where his father, <a href="/wiki/Bogdan_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Bogdan II">Bogdan II</a>, had defeated the Poles in 1450; and where he, at the age of 17,<sup id="cite_ref-p.129_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p.129-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had fought side by side with Vlad 'the Impaler'.<sup id="cite_ref-p._149_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p._149-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area was ideal for the defenders: the valley was a semi-oval surrounded on all sides by hills covered by forest. Inside the valley, the terrain was marshy, which restricted troop movement.<sup id="cite_ref-p.129_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p.129-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Suleiman had full confidence in his troops and made few efforts to scout the area. On 10 January, on a dark and misty<sup id="cite_ref-p.42_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p.42-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tuesday morning, the battle began. The weather was frigid, and a dense fog limited vision. The Ottoman troops were exhausted, and the torrent [?] made them look like "plucked chickens".<sup id="cite_ref-Chronicles_of_the_Ottoman_Dynasty_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronicles_of_the_Ottoman_Dynasty-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stephen fortified the bridge, while setting and aiming his cannons at the structure. Peasants and archers were hidden in the forest, together with their Prince and his boyar cavalry.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Moldavians made the first move by sending musicians to the middle of the valley. The sound of drums and bugles made Suleiman think that the entire Moldavian army awaited him there.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, the centre of the valley held the Székely forces and the Moldavian professional army, which were ordered to make a slow retreat when they encountered the enemy. Suleiman ordered his troops to advance and, when they made enough progress, the Moldavian artillery started to fire, followed by archers and handgunners firing from three different directions.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronicles_of_the_Ottoman_Dynasty_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronicles_of_the_Ottoman_Dynasty-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The archers could not see the enemy for the fog, and, instead, had to follow the noise of their footsteps. The Moldavian light cavalry then helped to lure the Ottoman troops into the valley by making hit-and-run attacks. Ottoman cavalry tried to cross the wooden bridge, causing it to collapse.<sup id="cite_ref-p.130_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p.130-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Those Ottoman soldiers who survived the attacks from the artillery and the archers, and who did not get caught in the marshes, had to confront the Moldavian army, together with the Székely soldiers further up the valley. The 5,000 Székely soldiers were successful in repelling 7,000 Ottoman infantrymen. Thereafter, they made a slow retreat,<sup id="cite_ref-p.42_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p.42-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as instructed by Stephen, but were later routed by the Ottoman <a href="/wiki/Sipahi" title="Sipahi">sipahi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-p.130_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p.130-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the remaining Ottoman infantry attacked the Moldavian flanks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Suleiman tried to reinforce his offensive, not knowing what had happened in the valley, but then Stephen, with the full support of his boyars, ordered a major attack. All his troops, together with peasants and heavy cavalry, attacked from all sides. Simultaneously, Moldavian buglers concealed behind Ottoman lines started to sound their bugles, and in great confusion some Ottoman units changed direction to face the sound.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the Moldavian army attacked, Suleiman lost control of his army.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronicles_of_the_Ottoman_Dynasty_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronicles_of_the_Ottoman_Dynasty-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He desperately tried to regain control, but eventually was forced to signal a retreat. The battle lasted for four days,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the last three days consisting of the fleeing Ottoman army being pursued by the Moldavian light cavalry and the 2,000-strong Polish cavalry until they reached the town of Obluciţa (now <a href="/wiki/Isaccea" title="Isaccea">Isaccea</a>, Romania), in <a href="/wiki/Dobruja" title="Dobruja">Dobruja</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Wallachians fled the field without joining battle and Laiotă now turned his sword against the Turks, who had hoped for a safe passage in Wallachia; on 20 January, he exited his castle and confronted some of the Turks that were lurking on his land. Thereafter, he took one of their flags and sent it to a Hungarian friend as proof of his bravery.<sup id="cite_ref-pp._131-32_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pp._131-32-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Ottoman casualties were reported as 45,000, including four <a href="/wiki/Pasha" title="Pasha">Pashas</a> killed and a hundred standards taken.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jan_D%C5%82ugosz" title="Jan Długosz">Jan Długosz</a> writes that "all but the most eminent of the Turkish prisoners are <a href="/wiki/Impalement" title="Impalement">impaled</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and their corpses burned.<sup id="cite_ref-Kronika_Polska_40-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kronika_Polska-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only one was spared – the only son of the Ottoman general Isaac Bey, of the <a href="/wiki/Gazi_Evrenos" class="mw-redirect" title="Gazi Evrenos">Gazi Evrenos</a> family, whose father had fought with <a href="/wiki/Mircea_the_Elder" title="Mircea the Elder">Mircea the Elder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pp._131-32_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pp._131-32-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another Polish chronicler reported that on the spot of the battle rested huge piles of bones upon each other, next to three immured crosses.<sup id="cite_ref-Kronika_Polska_40-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kronika_Polska-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vaslui&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the battle, Stephen sent "four of the captured Turkish commanders, together with thirty-six of their standards and much splendid booty, to <a href="/wiki/Casimir_IV_Jagiellon" title="Casimir IV Jagiellon">King Casimir</a> in Poland", and implored him to provide troops and money to support the Moldavians in the struggle against the Ottomans. He also sent letters and a few prisoners and Turkish standards to the Pope and Hungarian King <a href="/wiki/Matthias_Corvinus" title="Matthias Corvinus">Matthias Corvinus</a>, asking for support.<sup id="cite_ref-pp._588-9_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pp._588-9-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response, "the arrogant Matthias writes to the Pope, the Emperor and other kings and princes, telling them that he has defeated a large Turkish army with his own forces under the Voivode of Wallachia".<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pope's reply to Stephen denied him help, but awarded him with the "<a href="/wiki/Athleta_Christi" title="Athleta Christi">Athleta Christi</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while King Casimir pleaded "poverty both in money and men" and did nothing; his own men then accused him of sloth, and advised him to change his shameful behaviour or hand over his rule to someone else.<sup id="cite_ref-pp._588-9_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pp._588-9-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chronicler <a href="/wiki/Jan_D%C5%82ugosz" title="Jan Długosz">Jan Długosz</a> hailed Stephen for his victory in the battle: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Praiseworthy hero, in no respect inferior to other hero soldiers we admire. He was the first contemporary among the rulers of the world to score a decisive victory against the Turks. To my mind, he is the worthiest to lead a coalition of the Christian Europe against the Turks.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Stephen tried to create a new coalition with the European powers, arguing that Mehmed's best troops were lost at Vaslui.<sup id="cite_ref-R_30-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-R-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Upon hearing about the devastating defeat, Mehmed refused for several days to give audience to anyone; his other plans of expansion were put to rest as he planned revenge on Stephen.<sup id="cite_ref-p._133_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p._133-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the following year, Mehmed invaded the country with an army of 150,000, which was joined by 10,000 Wallachians under Laiotă and 30,000 Tatars under <a href="/wiki/Me%C3%B1li_I_Giray" title="Meñli I Giray">Meñli I Giray</a>. The Tatars, who called for a <a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">Holy War</a>, attacked with their cavalry from the north and started to pillage the country. The Moldavians took chase after them, and routed and killed most of them. "The fleeing Tatars discard their weapons, their saddles and clothes, while some, as though crazed, jump into the River Dniepr".<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Giray wrote to Mehmed that he could not wage more war against Stephen, as he had lost his son and two brothers, and had returned with only one horse.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In July 1476, after killing 30,000 Ottomans, Stephen was defeated at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valea_Alb%C4%83" title="Battle of Valea Albă">Battle of Valea Albă</a>. However, the Ottomans were unsuccessful in their siege of the <a href="/wiki/Suceava" title="Suceava">Suceava</a> citadel and the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Cetatea_Neam%C5%A3ului" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Cetatea Neamţului">Neamţ</a> fortress, while Laiotă was forced to retreat back to Wallachia when Vlad and <a href="/wiki/Stefan_B%C3%A1thory" class="mw-redirect" title="Stefan Báthory">Stefan Báthory</a>, Voivode of Transylvania, gave chase with an army of 30,000.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stephen assembled his army and invaded Wallachia from the north, while Vlad and Báthory invaded from the west. Laiotă fled, and in November, Vlad Țepeș was installed on the Wallachian throne. He received 200 loyal knights from Stephen to serve as his loyal bodyguards, but his army remained small. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Voronet_last_judgment.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Voronet_last_judgment.jpg/220px-Voronet_last_judgment.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Voronet_last_judgment.jpg/330px-Voronet_last_judgment.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Voronet_last_judgment.jpg/440px-Voronet_last_judgment.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The <i>last judgment</i>, painted outside the monastery</figcaption></figure> <p>When Laiotă returned, <a href="/wiki/Vlad_Tepes" class="mw-redirect" title="Vlad Tepes">Vlad Tepes</a> went to battle and was killed by the <a href="/wiki/Janissary" title="Janissary">Janissaries</a> near Bucharest in December 1476. Laiotă again occupied the Wallachian throne, which urged Stephen to make another return to Wallachia and dethrone Laiotă for the fifth and last time, while a <a href="/wiki/House_of_D%C4%83ne%C5%9Fti" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Dăneşti">Dăneşti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basarab_%C5%A2epelu%C5%9F_cel_T%C3%A2n%C4%83r" class="mw-redirect" title="Basarab Ţepeluş cel Tânăr">Ţepeluş</a>, was established as ruler of the country. </p><p>In 1484, the Ottomans under <a href="/wiki/Bayezid_II" title="Bayezid II">Bayezid II</a> managed to conquer <a href="/wiki/Kiliya,_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiliya, Ukraine">Chilia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cetatea_Alb%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetatea Albă">Cetatea Albă</a> and incorporate it into their empire under the name of <a href="/wiki/Budjak" title="Budjak">Budjak</a>, leaving Moldavia a landlocked principality for many years to come. </p><p>Between May and September 1488, Stephen built the <a href="/wiki/Vorone%C5%A3_Monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Voroneţ Monastery">Voroneţ Monastery</a> to commemorate the victory at Vaslui; "the exterior walls – including a representation of the Last Judgment on the west wall – were painted in 1547 with a background of vivid cerulean blue. This is so vibrant that art historians refer to Voroneţ blue the same way they do Titian red."<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1490, he extended his work by building another monastery of <a href="/wiki/Saint_John_the_Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint John the Baptist">Saint John the Baptist</a>. These monasteries served as cultural centres; today, they are on <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>'s <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Europe">World Heritage List</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vaslui&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-3"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKármánKunčevic2013266-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKármánKunčevic2013266_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKármánKunčevic2013">Kármán & Kunčevic 2013</a>, p. 266.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ferencz Kállay (1850). Historiai brtekezés a' nemes székely nemzet' eredetéről: hadi és polgári intézeteiről a régi időkben</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-szeklers-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-szeklers_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFerencz_Kállay1829" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ferencz Kállay (1829). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tDo-AAAAYAAJ"><i>Historiai értekezés a' nemes székely nemzet' eredetéről: hadi és polgári intézeteiről a régi időkben</i></a> [<i>Historical discourse about the origin of the 'magnanimous szekler nation' : military and civil institutes in the past times.</i>] (in Hungarian). <a href="/wiki/Nagyenyed" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagyenyed">Nagyenyed</a>, Hungary: Fiedler Gottfried. p. 247<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historiai+%C3%A9rtekez%C3%A9s+a%27+nemes+sz%C3%A9kely+nemzet%27+eredet%C3%A9r%C5%91l%3A+hadi+%C3%A9s+polg%C3%A1ri+int%C3%A9zeteir%C5%91l+a+r%C3%A9gi+id%C5%91kben&rft.place=Nagyenyed%2C+Hungary&rft.pages=247&rft.pub=Fiedler+Gottfried&rft.date=1829&rft.au=Ferencz+K%C3%A1llay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtDo-AAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Vaslui" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kronika Polska mentions 40,000 Moldavian troops; Gentis Silesiæ Annales mentions 30,000 Ottoman troops and "no more than" 40,000 Moldavian troops; the letter of Stephen addressed to the Christian countries, sent on 25 January 1475, mentions 30,000 Ottoman troops; see also The Annals of Jan Długosz, p. 588;</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kronika Polska mentions 40,000 Moldavian troops; Gentis Silesiæ Annales mentions 30,000 Ottoman troops and "no more than" 40,000 Moldavian troops; the letter of Stephen addressed to the Christian countries, sent on 25 January 1475, mentions 30,000 Ottoman troops; see also The Annals of Jan Długosz, p. 588;</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PilatCristea149-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PilatCristea149_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PilatCristea149_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Liviu Pilat and Ovidiu Cristea, <i>The Ottoman Threat and Crusading on the Eastern Border of Christendom during Vaslui</i>, (Brill, 2006), 149.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Kronika Polska</i> mentions 40,000 Moldavian troops; <i>Gentis Silesiæ Annales</i> mentions 30,000 Ottoman troops and "no more than" 40,000 Moldavian troops; the letter of Stephen addressed to the Christian countries, sent on 25 January 1475, mentions 30,000 Ottoman troops; see also <i>The Annals of Jan Długosz</i>, p. 588;</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p._133-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p._133_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p._133_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p._133_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Istoria lui Ştefan cel Mare</i>, p. 133</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Saint Stephen the Great in his contemporary Europe (Respublica Christiana)</i>, p. 141</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Moldavia in the 11th–14th Centuries</i>, pp. 218–19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Annals of Jan Długosz</i>, p. 449</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Ottoman Empire: The Classical Age 1300–1600</i>, p. 129</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Gentis Silesiæ Annales</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter to <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Loredano" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonardo Loredano">Leonardo Loredano</a>, written on 7 December 1502</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p.92-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p.92_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Studii Noi Despre Probleme Vechi — Din Istoria Evului Mediu Românesc</i>, p. 92</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p.93-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p.93_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Studii Noi Despre Probleme Vechi – Din Istoria Evului Mediu Românesc</i>, p. 93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p.92-3-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p.92-3_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p.92-3_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Studii Noi Despre Probleme Vechi – Din Istoria Evului Mediu Românesc</i>, pp. 92–93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-studii-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-studii_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Studii Noi Despre Probleme Vechi – Din Istoria Evului Mediu Românesc</i>, p. 91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p.164-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p.164_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Ottoman Law of War and Peace—The Ottoman Empire and Tribute Payers</i>, p. 164</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p._94-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p._94_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Studii Noi Despre Probleme Vechi – Din Istoria Evului Mediu Românesc</i>, p. 94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p._96-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p._96_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Studii Noi Despre Probleme Vechi – Din Istoria Evului Mediu Românesc</i>, p. 96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p._134-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p._134_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p._134_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Studii Noi Despre Probleme Vechi – Din Istoria Evului Mediu Românesc</i>, p. 134</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Studii Noi Despre Probleme Vechi – Din Istoria Evului Mediu Românesc,</i> pp. 95–96</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p._149-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p._149_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p._149_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p._149_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Vlad Dracul: Prince of many faces – His life and his times</i>, p. 149</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p._97-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p._97_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Studii Noi Despre Probleme Vechi – Din Istoria Evului Mediu Românesc</i>, p. 97</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p._552-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p._552_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p._552_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Annals of Jan Długosz</i>, p. 552</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Denize-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Denize_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Denize_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Semnificaţia Haracului în relaţiile Moldo-Otomane din vremea lui Ştefan cel Mare – Câteva Consideraţii</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p._566-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p._566_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Annals of Jan Długosz, p. 566</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Costin_Letopiseţul-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Costin_Letopiseţul_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Costin_Letopiseţul_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Costin, N. <i>Letopiseţul Ţărîi Moldovei</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-R-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-R_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-R_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-R_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-R_30-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-R_30-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-R_30-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Relaţiile internaţionale ale Moldovei în vremea lui Ştefan cel Mare</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p.165-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p.165_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p.165_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Ottoman Law of War and Peace—The Ottoman Empire and Tribute Payers</i>, p. 165</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pippidi-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pippidi_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Noi Izvoare Italiene despre Vlad Ţepeş şi Ştefan cel Mare; Studies and Materials of Medium History XX/2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Babinger-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Babinger_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Babinger_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Babinger_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Babinger_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Babinger_33-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Babinger_33-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Babinger_33-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Mehmed the Conqueror and his time</i>, p. 339</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter of Stephen, Vaslui 29 November 1474</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chronicles_of_the_Ottoman_Dynasty-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chronicles_of_the_Ottoman_Dynasty_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chronicles_of_the_Ottoman_Dynasty_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chronicles_of_the_Ottoman_Dynasty_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chronicles_of_the_Ottoman_Dynasty_35-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Chronicles of the Ottoman Dynasty</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Great Events</i> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (May 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Istoria lui Ştefan cel Mare</i>, p.127</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Historia Turchesca</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p._128-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p._128_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p._128_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p._128_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Istoria lui Ştefan cel Mare</i>, p. 128</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kronika_Polska-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kronika_Polska_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kronika_Polska_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kronika_Polska_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kronika_Polska_40-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kronika_Polska_40-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Kronika Polska</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Istoria lui Ştefan cel Mare</i>, pp. 127, 130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p.42-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p.42_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p.42_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p.42_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Ottoman Empire 1326–1699</i>, p. 42</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p.129-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p.129_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p.129_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Istoria lui Ştefan cel Mare</i>, p. 129</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grigore U. <i>Letopiseţul Ţărîi Moldovei</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p.130-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-p.130_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-p.130_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Istoria lui Ştefan cel Mare</i>, p. 130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Roumania Past and Present</i>, Chapter XI.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Documentary: <i>Amintirile unui Pelerin</i>, <a href="/wiki/Antena_1_(Romania)" title="Antena 1 (Romania)">Antena 1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pp._131-32-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pp._131-32_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pp._131-32_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Istoria lui Ştefan cel Mare</i>, pp. 131–32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>A Documented Chronology of Roumanian History – from prehistoric times to the present day</i>, Oxford 1941, p. 108</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Annals of Jan Długosz</i>, p. 588</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pp._588-9-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pp._588-9_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pp._588-9_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Annals of Jan Długosz</i>, pp. 588–9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Annals of Jan Długosz</i>, p. 589</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110805054852/http://countrystudies.us/romania/8.htm">"Romania - The Ottoman Invasions"</a>. <i>countrystudies.us</i>. U.S. Library of Congress. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://countrystudies.us/romania/8.htm">the original</a> on 5 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=countrystudies.us&rft.atitle=Romania+-+The+Ottoman+Invasions&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcountrystudies.us%2Fromania%2F8.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Vaslui" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Historiae Polonicae</i>, libri XIII, vol. II, note 528, Leipzig 1712.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Annals of Jan Długosz</i>, pp. 592, 594</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Letter of Giray to Mehmed, 10–19 October 1476</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Diary of Ladislav, servant of Vlad; 7 August 1476</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Artistic Route Through Romania</i></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vaslui&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKármánKunčevic2013" class="citation book cs1">Kármán, Gábor; Kunčevic, Lovro, eds. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brill.com/european-tributary-states-ottoman-empire-sixteenth-and-seventeenth-centuries"><i>The European Tributary States of the Ottoman Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries</i></a>. Leiden: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004246065" title="Special:BookSources/9789004246065"><bdi>9789004246065</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+European+Tributary+States+of+the+Ottoman+Empire+in+the+Sixteenth+and+Seventeenth+Centuries&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9789004246065&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brill.com%2Feuropean-tributary-states-ottoman-empire-sixteenth-and-seventeenth-centuries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABattle+of+Vaslui" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antena_1_(Romania)" title="Antena 1 (Romania)">Antena 1</a>, Amintirile unui Pelerin (documentary).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Babinger" title="Franz Babinger">Babinger, Franz</a>. Mehmed the Conqueror and his time <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-01078-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-01078-1">0-691-01078-1</a>.</li> <li>Cândea, Virgil. Saint Stephen the Great in his contemporary Europe (Respublica Christiana), Balkan Studies 2004.</li> <li>Catholic Encyclopedia, Rumania (source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13224b.htm">New Advent</a>).</li> <li>Denize, Eugen. Semnificaţia Haracului în relaţiile Moldo-Otomane din vremea lui Ştefan cel Mare – Câteva Consideraţii.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_D%C5%82ugosz" title="Jan Długosz">Długosz, Jan</a>. The Annals of Jan Długosz. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-901019-00-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-901019-00-4">1-901019-00-4</a>.</li> <li>Ghyka, Matila. A Documented Chronology of Roumanian History – from prehistoric times to the present day, Oxford 1941.</li> <li>Florescu, R. Radu; McNally, T. Raymond. Dracula: Prince of many faces – His life and his times. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-28656-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-28656-5">978-0-316-28656-5</a>.</li> <li>Inalcik, Halil. The Ottoman Empire – The Classical Age 1300–1600. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84212-442-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-84212-442-0">1-84212-442-0</a>.</li> <li>Iorga, Nicolae. Istoria lui Ştefan cel Mare, 1904 (new edition 1966), Bucharest.</li> <li>Matei, Mircea D.; Cârciumaru, Radu. Studii Noi Despre Probleme Vechi – Din Istoria Evului Mediu Românesc. Editura Cetatea de Scaun. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/973-85907-2-8" title="Special:BookSources/973-85907-2-8">973-85907-2-8</a>.</li> <li>Nevill Forbes; Arnold J. Toynbee; D. Mitrany, D.G. Hogarth. The Balkans: A History of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, Rumania, Turkey, 2004. ISO-8859-1.</li> <li>Samuelson, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://depts.washington.edu/cartah/text_archive/sam/toc_pag.shtml">Roumania Past and Present</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://depts.washington.edu/cartah/text_archive/sam/11.shtml#171">Chapter XI</a>. Originally published London: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1882. Electronic text archive on the site of the Center for Advanced Research Technology in the Arts and Humanities, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a>.</li> <li>Sandberg-Diment, Erik. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/21/travel/artistic-route-through-romania.html">Artistic Route Through Romania</a>, The New York Times, 1998.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061114112449/http://www.stefancelmare.ro/izvoare.htm">Sfântul Voievod Ştefan cel Mare</a>, Chronicles. (retrieved) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Maria_Angiolello" title="Giovanni Maria Angiolello">Angiolello, Giovanni Maria</a>. Historia Turchesca.</li> <li>Bonfinius, Antonius. Historia Pannonica ab Origine Gentis AD Annum 1495.</li> <li>Curius, Joachim. Gentis Silesiæ Annales.</li> <li>Długosz, Jan. Historiae Polonicae, Leipzig, 1712.</li> <li>Husein, Kodja. Great Events.</li> <li>Murianus, Mathaeus. Letter to <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Loredano" class="mw-redirect" title="Leonardo Loredano">Leonardo Loredano</a>, written on 7 December 1502.</li> <li>Orudj bin Adil and Şemseddin Ahmed bin Suleiman Kemal paşa-zade. The Chronicles of the Ottoman Dynasty.</li> <li>Pasha, Lütfi. The Chronicles of the House of Osman (Tevarih-i al-i Osman).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoca_Sadeddin_Efendi" title="Hoca Sadeddin Efendi">Hoca Sadeddin Efendi</a>. Crown of Histories (Tadj al-tawarikh).</li> <li>Stephen the Great; letter of 25 January 1475.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maciej_Stryjkowski" title="Maciej Stryjkowski">Stryjkowski, Maciej</a>. <i>Kronika Polska, Litewska, Żmudzka i wszystkiej Rusi</i>.</li></ul></li> <li>Spinei, Victor. Moldavia in the 11th–14th Centuries, Romania, 1986.</li> <li>Panaite, Viorel. The Ottoman Law of War and Peace—The Ottoman Empire and Tribute Payers. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88033-461-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-88033-461-4">0-88033-461-4</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98erban_Papacostea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Șerban Papacostea (page does not exist)">Papacostea, Șerban</a>. Relaţiile internaţionale ale Moldovei în vremea lui Ştefan cel Mare.</li> <li>Pippidi, Andrei. Noi Izvoare Italiene despre Vlad Ţepeş şi Ştefan cel Mare; Studies and Materials of Medium History XX/2002.</li> <li>Turnbull, Stephen. The Ottoman Empire 1326–1699. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84176-569-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-84176-569-4">1-84176-569-4</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigore_Ureche" title="Grigore Ureche">Ureche, Grigore</a> and Costin, Nicolae. Letopiseţul, Ţărîi Moldovei.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vaslui&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051118174511/http://www.gdws.co.uk/vaslui.htm">Detailed article describing the strategy and the units used in the battle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101017181452/http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/matthaywood/main/Moldavia.htm#The_battle_of_Vaslui">Brief history of Moldavia covering the Vaslui battle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.east-west-wg.org/cst/cst-mold/stephen.html">Short essay about Stephen the Great with a description of the Vaslui battle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050618051520/http://www.tabula-rasa.info/JamesAdams/treasure_trove/vasluiBattle/vaslui.htm">Short article describing the battle</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Battles_involving_the_Ottoman_Empire_by_era" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ottoman_battles" title="Template:Ottoman battles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ottoman_battles" title="Template talk:Ottoman battles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ottoman_battles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ottoman battles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Battles_involving_the_Ottoman_Empire_by_era" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_battles_involving_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="List of battles involving the Ottoman Empire">Battles</a> involving the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> by era</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rise_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Rise of the Ottoman Empire">Rise<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1299–1453)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Land battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kulaca_Hisar" title="Siege of Kulaca Hisar">Kulaca Hisar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bapheus" title="Battle of Bapheus">Bapheus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dimbos" title="Battle of Dimbos">Dimbos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Nicaea_(1328%E2%80%931331)" title="Siege of Nicaea (1328–1331)">Nicaea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pelekanon" title="Battle of Pelekanon">Pelekanon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Demotika" title="Battle of Demotika">Demotika</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Gallipoli" title="Fall of Gallipoli">Gallipoli</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ihtiman" title="Battle of Ihtiman">Ihtiman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_conquest_of_Adrianople" title="Ottoman conquest of Adrianople">Adrianople</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_S%C4%B1rp_S%C4%B1nd%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Sırp Sındığı">Sırp Sındığı</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samokov" title="Battle of Samokov">Samokov</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maritsa" title="Battle of Maritsa">Maritsa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Philadelphia" title="Fall of Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dubravnica" title="Battle of Dubravnica">Dubravnica</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Savra" title="Battle of Savra">Savra</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Plo%C4%8Dnik" title="Battle of Pločnik">Pločnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bile%C4%87a" title="Battle of Bileća">Bileća</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo" title="Battle of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_K%C4%B1rkdilim" title="Battle of Kırkdilim">Kırkdilim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karanovasa" title="Battle of Karanovasa">Karanovasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rovine" title="Battle of Rovine">Rovine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ohrid_(1395)" title="Siege of Ohrid (1395)">Ohrid</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nicopolis" title="Battle of Nicopolis">Nicopolis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ankara" title="Battle of Ankara">Ankara</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C3%87amurlu" title="Battle of Çamurlu">Çamurlu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Thessalonica_(1422%E2%80%931430)" title="Siege of Thessalonica (1422–1430)">Thessalonica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Golubac" title="Siege of Golubac">Golubac</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Novo_Brdo_(1440%E2%80%931441)" title="Siege of Novo Brdo (1440–1441)">Novo Brdo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hermannstadt" title="Battle of Hermannstadt">Hermannstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nish_(1443)" title="Battle of Nish (1443)">1st Niš</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zlatitsa" title="Battle of Zlatitsa">Zlatitsa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kunovica" title="Battle of Kunovica">Kunovica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Torvioll" title="Battle of Torvioll">Torvioll</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Varna" title="Battle of Varna">Varna</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mokra_(1445)" title="Battle of Mokra (1445)">1st Mokra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Otonet%C3%AB" title="Battle of Otonetë">Otonetë</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oranik_(1448)" title="Battle of Oranik (1448)">1st Oranik</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kosovo_(1448)" title="Battle of Kosovo (1448)">2nd Kosovo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Polog" title="Battle of Polog">Polog</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Constantinople" title="Fall of Constantinople">Constantinople</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Naval battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gallipoli_(1416)" title="Battle of Gallipoli (1416)">Gallipoli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Classical_Age_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Classical Age of the Ottoman Empire">Classical Age<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1453–1550)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Land battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leskovac" title="Battle of Leskovac">Leskovac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krusevac" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Krusevac">Krusevac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Oranik_(1456)" title="Battle of Oranik (1456)">2nd Oranik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belgrade_(1456)" title="Siege of Belgrade (1456)">1st Belgrade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Albulena" title="Battle of Albulena">Albulena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_attack_at_T%C3%A2rgovi%C8%99te" title="Night attack at Târgoviște">Târgoviște</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mokra_(July_1462)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Mokra (July 1462)">2nd Mokra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ohrid" title="Battle of Ohrid">Ohrid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vaikal" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Vaikal">Vaikal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Me%C3%A7ad_(1465)" title="Battle of Meçad (1465)">Meçad</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Otlukbeli" title="Battle of Otlukbeli">Otlukbeli</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Vaslui</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valea_Alb%C4%83" title="Battle of Valea Albă">Valea Albă</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Shkodra" title="Siege of Shkodra">Shkodra</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Breadfield" title="Battle of Breadfield">Breadfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Una" title="Battle of Una">Una</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adana_campaign" title="Adana campaign">Adana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_C%C4%83tl%C4%83buga" title="Battle of Cătlăbuga">Cătlăbuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vrpile" title="Battle of Vrpile">Vrpile</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krbava_Field" title="Battle of Krbava Field">Krbava</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dubica" title="Battle of Dubica">Dubica</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chaldiran" title="Battle of Chaldiran">Çaldıran</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Turnadag" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Turnadag">Turnadag</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Algiers_(1516)" title="Capture of Algiers (1516)">Algiers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Ko%C3%A7hisar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Koçhisar (page does not exist)">Koçhisar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marj_Dabiq" title="Battle of Marj Dabiq">Mercidabık</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yaunis_Khan" title="Battle of Yaunis Khan">Han Yunus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ridaniya" title="Battle of Ridaniya">Ridanieh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jajce_(1518)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jajce (1518)">Jajce</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Tlemcen_(1518)" title="Fall of Tlemcen (1518)">Tlemcen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs" title="Battle of Mohács">1st Mohács</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Pe%C3%B1%C3%B3n_of_Algiers_(1529)" title="Capture of Peñón of Algiers (1529)">Peñón of Algiers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leobersdorf" title="Battle of Leobersdorf">Leobersdorf</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gorjani" title="Battle of Gorjani">Gorjani</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Safavid_War_(1532%E2%80%931555)#Campaign_of_the_Two_Iraqs_(First_campaign,_1532–1536)" title="Ottoman–Safavid War (1532–1555)">Baghdad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Algiers_expedition_(1541)" title="Algiers expedition (1541)">Algiers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Pest" title="Siege of Pest">Pest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Esztergom_(1543)" title="Siege of Esztergom (1543)">Esztergom</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karagak" title="Battle of Karagak">Karagak</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sokhoista" title="Battle of Sokhoista">Sokhoista</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Naval battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zonchio" title="Battle of Zonchio">Zonchio</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Modon_(1500)" title="Battle of Modon (1500)">Modon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_raid_on_the_Balearic_Islands_(1501)" title="Ottoman raid on the Balearic Islands (1501)">Balearic</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Diu_(1509)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Diu (1509)">Diu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jeddah" title="Siege of Jeddah">1st Jeddah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Formentera" title="Battle of Formentera">Formentera</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Tunis_(1535)" title="Conquest of Tunis (1535)">Tunis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Preveza" title="Battle of Preveza">Preveza</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Girolata" title="Battle of Girolata">Girolata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Albor%C3%A1n" title="Battle of Alborán">Alborán</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ponza_(1552)" title="Battle of Ponza (1552)">Ponza</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Strait_of_Hormuz_(1553)" title="Battle of the Strait of Hormuz (1553)">Strait of Hormuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Gulf_of_Oman" title="Battle of the Gulf of Oman">Gulf of Oman</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Djerba" title="Battle of Djerba">Djerba</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transformation_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Transformation of the Ottoman Empire">Transformation<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1550–1700)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Land battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Campaign_of_Tlemcen_(1551)" title="Campaign of Tlemcen (1551)">Tlemcen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Temesv%C3%A1r_(1552)" title="Siege of Temesvár (1552)">Temesvár</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Palast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Palast (page does not exist)">Palast</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Fez_(1554)" title="Capture of Fez (1554)">Fez</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tadla" title="Battle of Tadla">Tadla</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Campaign_of_Tlemcen_(1557)" title="Campaign of Tlemcen (1557)">Tlemcen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Expedition_to_Mostaganem_(1558)" title="Expedition to Mostaganem (1558)">Mostaganem</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Krupa" title="Siege of Krupa">Krupa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Szigetv%C3%A1r" title="Siege of Szigetvár">Szigeth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Fez_(1576)" title="Capture of Fez (1576)">Fez</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Gvozdansko" title="Siege of Gvozdansko">Gvozdansko</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C3%87%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r" title="Battle of Çıldır">Çıldır</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Torches" title="Battle of Torches">Torches</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alc%C3%A1cer_Quibir" title="Battle of Alcácer Quibir">Alcácer Quibir</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brest_(1592)" title="Battle of Brest (1592)">1st Brest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Biha%C4%87_(1592)" title="Siege of Bihać (1592)">Bihać</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sisak" title="Battle of Sisak">Sisak</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uprising_in_Banat" title="Uprising in Banat">Banat</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_C%C4%83lug%C4%83reni" title="Battle of Călugăreni">Călugăreni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Giurgiu_(1595)" title="Battle of Giurgiu (1595)">Giurgiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Brest_(1596)" title="Battle of Brest (1596)">2nd Brest</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Keresztes" title="Battle of Keresztes">Keresztes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Nagykanizsa" title="Siege of Nagykanizsa">Nagykanizsa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sufiyan" title="Battle of Sufiyan">Sufiyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tashiskari" title="Battle of Tashiskari">Tashiskari</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cecora_(1620)" title="Battle of Cecora (1620)">Cecora</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khotyn_(1621)" title="Battle of Khotyn (1621)">1st Khotyn</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Candia" title="Siege of Candia">Candia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_K%C3%B6b%C3%B6lk%C3%BAt" title="Battle of Köbölkút">Köbölkút</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_at_Jurjeve_Stijene" title="Battle at Jurjeve Stijene">Jurjeve Stijene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Zr%C3%ADnyi%C3%BAjv%C3%A1r" title="First Battle of Zrínyiújvár">1st Zrínyiújvár</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Zr%C3%ADnyi%C3%BAjv%C3%A1r" title="Second Battle of Zrínyiújvár">2nd Zrínyiújvár</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Novi_Zrin_(1664)" title="Siege of Novi Zrin (1664)">Novi Zrin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Djidjelli_expedition" title="Djidjelli expedition">Jijel</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Saint_Gotthard_(1664)" title="Battle of Saint Gotthard (1664)">Saint Gotthard</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C5%81ady%C5%BCyn" title="Battle of Ładyżyn">Ładyżyn</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krasnobr%C3%B3d_(1672)" title="Battle of Krasnobród (1672)">Krasnobród</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Niemir%C3%B3w" title="Battle of Niemirów">Niemirów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Komarno" title="Battle of Komarno">Komarno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khotyn_(1673)" title="Battle of Khotyn (1673)">2nd Khotyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lw%C3%B3w_(1675)" title="Battle of Lwów (1675)">Lwów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Trembowla" title="Battle of Trembowla">Trembowla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vienna" title="Battle of Vienna">2nd Vienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_P%C3%A1rk%C3%A1ny" title="Battle of Párkány">Párkány</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Buda_(1684)" title="Siege of Buda (1684)">Buda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_V%C3%A1c_(1684)" title="Battle of Vác (1684)">Vác</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Eperjes" title="Battle of Eperjes">Eperjes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kassa" title="Battle of Kassa">Kassa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_on_Vrtijeljka" title="Battle on Vrtijeljka">Vrtijeljka</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs_(1687)" title="Battle of Mohács (1687)">2nd Mohács</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crimean_campaigns_of_1687_and_1689" title="Crimean campaigns of 1687 and 1689">Crimea</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Negroponte_(1688)" title="Siege of Negroponte (1688)">Negroponte</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bato%C4%8Dina" title="Battle of Batočina">Batočina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ni%C5%A1_(1689)" title="Battle of Niš (1689)">2nd Niš</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zernest" title="Battle of Zernest">Zernest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Egri_Palanka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Egri Palanka (page does not exist)">Egri Palanka</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Slankamen" title="Battle of Slankamen">Slankamen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hod%C3%B3w" title="Battle of Hodów">Hodów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ustechko" title="Battle of Ustechko">Ustechko</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moulouya" title="Battle of Moulouya">Moulouya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lugos" title="Battle of Lugos">Lugos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ula%C5%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Ulaş">Ulaş</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azov_campaigns_(1695%E2%80%9396)" class="mw-redirect" title="Azov campaigns (1695–96)">Azov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zenta" title="Battle of Zenta">Zenta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Naval battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian_War_(1570%E2%80%931573)" title="Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573)">Cyprus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lepanto" title="Battle of Lepanto">Lepanto</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Tunis_(1574)" title="Conquest of Tunis (1574)">Tunis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Corvo" title="Battle of Cape Corvo">Cape Corvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Celidonia" title="Battle of Cape Celidonia">Cape Celidonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Focchies" title="Battle of Focchies">Focchies</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dardanelles_(1654)" title="Battle of the Dardanelles (1654)">1st Dardanelles</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dardanelles_(1655)" title="Battle of the Dardanelles (1655)">2nd Dardanelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dardanelles_(1656)" title="Battle of the Dardanelles (1656)">3rd Dardanelles</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dardanelles_(1657)" title="Battle of the Dardanelles (1657)">4th Dardanelles</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Algiers_(1682)" title="Bombardment of Algiers (1682)">Algiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Algiers_(1683)" title="Bombardment of Algiers (1683)">Algiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Algiers_(1688)" title="Bombardment of Algiers (1688)">Algiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mytilene_(1690)" title="Battle of Mytilene (1690)">Mytilene</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Oinousses_Islands" title="Battle of the Oinousses Islands">Oinousses</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Andros_(1696)" title="Battle of Andros (1696)">Andros</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samothrace_(1698)" title="Battle of Samothrace (1698)">Samothrace</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Old_Regime" title="Ottoman Old Regime">Old Regime<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1700–1789)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Land battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chelif" title="Battle of Chelif">Chelif</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Oran_(1707%E2%80%931708)" title="Siege of Oran (1707–1708)">Oran</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pruth_River_Campaign" title="Pruth River Campaign">Pruth</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Petrovaradin" title="Battle of Petrovaradin">Petrovaradin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Belgrade_(1717)" title="Siege of Belgrade (1717)">2nd Belgrade</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tahmasp%27s_campaign_of_1731" title="Tahmasp's campaign of 1731">Kurijan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samarra_(1733)" title="Battle of Samarra (1733)">Samarra</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kirkuk_(1733)" title="Battle of Kirkuk (1733)">Kirkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Yeghev%C4%81rd" title="Battle of Yeghevārd">Yeghevārd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ganja_(1734)" title="Siege of Ganja (1734)">Ganja</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Banja_Luka" title="Battle of Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grocka" title="Battle of Grocka">Grocka</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Perekop_(1736)" title="Siege of Perekop (1736)">Perekop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ochakov_(1737)" title="Siege of Ochakov (1737)">1st Ochakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stavuchany" title="Battle of Stavuchany">Stavunchany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kars_(1745)" title="Battle of Kars (1745)">1st Kars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khresili" title="Battle of Khresili">Khresili</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aspindza" title="Battle of Aspindza">Aspindza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Larga" title="Battle of Larga">Larga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kagul" title="Battle of Kagul">Kagul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kozludzha" title="Battle of Kozludzha">Kozludzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kinburn_(1787)" title="Battle of Kinburn (1787)">Kinburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Ochakov_(1788)" title="Siege of Ochakov (1788)">2nd Ochakov</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mehadia" title="Battle of Mehadia">Mehadia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kar%C3%A1nsebes" title="Battle of Karánsebes">Karánsebes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Naval battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Imbros_(1717)" title="Battle of Imbros (1717)">Imbros</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Matapan" title="Battle of Matapan">Matapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C3%87e%C5%9Fme" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Çeşme">Çeşme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Patras_(1772)" title="Battle of Patras (1772)">Patras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kerch_Strait_(1774)" title="Battle of Kerch Strait (1774)">1st Kerch Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_actions_at_the_siege_of_Ochakov_(1788)" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval actions at the siege of Ochakov (1788)">2nd Ochakov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fidonisi" title="Battle of Fidonisi">Fidonisi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Decline_and_modernization_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire">Modernization<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1789–1908)</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Land battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Foc%C8%99ani" title="Battle of Focșani">Focșani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rymnik" title="Battle of Rymnik">Rymnik</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Giurgiu_(1790)" title="Siege of Giurgiu (1790)">Giurgiu</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Izmail" title="Siege of Izmail">Izmail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C4%83cin" title="Battle of Măcin">Măcin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shubra_Khit" title="Battle of Shubra Khit">Shubra Khit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Pyramids" title="Battle of the Pyramids">Pyramids</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1799)" title="Siege of Acre (1799)">1st Acre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mount_Tabor_(1799)" title="Battle of Mount Tabor (1799)">Mount Tabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Abukir_(1799)" title="Battle of Abukir (1799)">Abukir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Heliopolis_(1800)" title="Battle of Heliopolis (1800)">Heliopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Derna_(1805)" title="Battle of Derna (1805)">Derna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arpachai" title="Battle of Arpachai">Arpachai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Batin" title="Battle of Batin">Batin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Slobozia" title="Battle of Slobozia">Slobozia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Safra" title="Battle of Al-Safra">Al-Safra</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jeddah_(1813)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jeddah (1813)">Jeddah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_%C4%8Cegar" title="Battle of Čegar">Čegar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Alamana" title="Battle of Alamana">Alamana</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gravia_Inn" title="Battle of Gravia Inn">Gravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Erzurum_(1821)" title="Battle of Erzurum (1821)">Erzurum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Valtetsi" title="Battle of Valtetsi">Valtetsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Doliana" title="Battle of Doliana">Doliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lalas" title="Battle of Lalas">Lalas</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dr%C4%83g%C4%83%C8%99ani" title="Battle of Drăgășani">Drăgășani</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sculeni" title="Battle of Sculeni">Sculeni</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vasilika" title="Battle of Vasilika">Vasilika</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Peta" title="Battle of Peta">Peta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dervenakia" title="Battle of Dervenakia">Dervenakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Karpenisi" title="Battle of Karpenisi">Karpenisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arachova" title="Battle of Arachova">Arachova</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kamatero" title="Battle of Kamatero">Kamatero</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Phaleron" title="Battle of Phaleron">Phaleron</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Petra" title="Battle of Petra">Petra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kars_(1828)" title="Siege of Kars (1828)">2nd Kars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Varna" title="Siege of Varna">Varna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Akhaltsikhe" title="Battle of Akhaltsikhe">Akhaltsikhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kulevicha" title="Battle of Kulevicha">Kulevicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Algiers_in_1830" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Algiers in 1830">Algiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Akka_(1832)" title="Siege of Akka (1832)">2nd Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hims_(1832)" title="Battle of Hims (1832)">Hims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Konya" title="Battle of Konya">Konya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nezib" title="Battle of Nezib">Nezib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Akhaltsikhe_(1853)" title="Battle of Akhaltsikhe (1853)">Akhaltsikhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ba%C5%9Fgedikler" title="Battle of Başgedikler">Başgedikler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kurekdere" title="Battle of Kurekdere">Kurekdere</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Olteni%C8%9Ba" title="Battle of Oltenița">Oltenița</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Eupatoria" title="Battle of Eupatoria">Eupatoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Chernaya" title="Battle of the Chernaya">Chernaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kars" title="Siege of Kars">3rd Kars</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasa_Expedition_1871" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hasa Expedition 1871">Al-Hasa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_K%C4%B1z%C4%B1l_Tepe" title="Battle of Kızıl Tepe">Kızıl Tepe</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shipka_Pass" title="Battle of Shipka Pass">Shipka Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Plevna" title="Siege of Plevna">Plevna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aladzha" title="Battle of Aladzha">Aladzha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kars" title="Battle of Kars">4th Kars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Philippopolis_(1878)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Philippopolis (1878)">Philippopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tashkessen" title="Battle of Tashkessen">Taşkesen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nov%C5%A1i%C4%87e" title="Battle of Novšiće">Novšiće</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ulcinj_(1880)" title="Battle of Ulcinj (1880)">Ulcinj</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mouzaki" title="Battle of Mouzaki">Mouzaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Al_Wajbah" title="Battle of Al Wajbah">Al Wajbah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Velestino" title="Battle of Velestino">Velestino</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Domokos" title="Battle of Domokos">Domokos</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Naval battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Andros_(1790)" title="Battle of Andros (1790)">Andros</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kerch_Strait_(1790)" title="Battle of Kerch Strait (1790)">2nd Kerch Strait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tendra" title="Battle of Tendra">Tendra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cape_Kaliakra" title="Battle of Cape Kaliakra">Kaliakra</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dardanelles_Operation_(1807)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dardanelles Operation (1807)">5th Dardanelles</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dardanelles_(1807)" title="Battle of the Dardanelles (1807)">6th Dardanelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Athos" title="Battle of Athos">Athos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardment_of_Algiers_(1816)" title="Bombardment of Algiers (1816)">Algiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Nauplia_(1822)" title="Battle of Nauplia (1822)">Nauplia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Samos" title="Battle of Samos">Samos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gerontas" title="Battle of Gerontas">Gerontas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Navarino" title="Battle of Navarino">Navarino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sinop" title="Battle of Sinop">Sinop</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>For 20th-century battles before 1914 <i>see</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ottoman_battles_in_the_20th_century" title="List of Ottoman battles in the 20th century">List of Ottoman battles in the 20th century</a></li> <li>For the battles during World War I <i>see</i> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ottoman_battles_in_World_War_I" title="List of Ottoman battles in World War I">List of Ottoman battles in World War I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Ottoman victories are in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073358#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85142398">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007534282705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vaslui&oldid=1257782753">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Vaslui&oldid=1257782753</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1475_in_Europe" title="Category:1475 in Europe">1475 in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_Moldavia" title="Category:Battles involving Moldavia">Battles involving Moldavia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Category:Battles involving the Ottoman Empire">Battles involving the Ottoman Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_Hungary" title="Category:Battles involving Hungary">Battles involving Hungary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_of_the_Middle_Ages" title="Category:Battles of the Middle Ages">Battles of the Middle Ages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_history_of_Romania" title="Category:Military history of Romania">Military history of Romania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Western_Moldavia" title="Category:History of Western Moldavia">History of Western Moldavia</a></li><li><a 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