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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_work_(1962–1966)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_work_(1962–1966)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early work (1962–1966)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_work_(1962–1966)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zap_and_underground_comix_(1967–1979)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zap_and_underground_comix_(1967–1979)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span><i>Zap</i> and underground comix (1967–1979)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zap_and_underground_comix_(1967–1979)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weirdo_(1980–1993)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weirdo_(1980–1993)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span><i>Weirdo</i> (1980–1993)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weirdo_(1980–1993)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life_(1994–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life_(1994–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Later life (1994–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life_(1994–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Professional_collaborations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_collaborations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Professional collaborations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_collaborations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Musical projects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Album_covers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Album_covers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Album covers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Album_covers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Style" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Style"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Style</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Style-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recurring_Crumb_characters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recurring_Crumb_characters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Recurring Crumb characters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recurring_Crumb_characters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Awards and honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In the media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critical_reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Critical reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography_(selection)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography_(selection)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Bibliography (selection)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Bibliography_(selection)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Bibliography (selection) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Bibliography_(selection)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Comics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Comics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collections_and_graphic_novels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collections_and_graphic_novels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Collections and graphic novels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collections_and_graphic_novels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works_cited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works_cited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Works cited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works_cited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Audio/Video" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Audio/Video"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Audio/Video</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Audio/Video-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">28 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8" title="روبرت كرامب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبرت كرامب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Crumb" title="Robert Crumb – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Robert Crumb" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Crumb" title="Robert Crumb – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Robert Crumb" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Crumb" title="Robert Crumb – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Robert Crumb" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CF%8C%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%84_%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80" title="Ρόμπερτ Κραμπ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρόμπερτ Κραμπ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Crumb" title="Robert Crumb – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Robert Crumb" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Crumb" title="Robert Crumb – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Robert Crumb" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Crumb" title="Robert Crumb – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Robert Crumb" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="رابرت کرام – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رابرت کرام" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Crumb" title="Robert Crumb – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Robert Crumb" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Crumb" title="Robert Crumb – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Robert Crumb" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%84%ED%8A%B8_%ED%81%AC%EB%9F%BC" title="로버트 크럼 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로버트 크럼" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF_%D5%94%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A2" title="Ռոբերտ Քրամբ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռոբերտ Քրամբ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Crumb" title="Robert Crumb – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Robert Crumb" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%91" title="רוברט קראמב – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוברט קראמב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Crumb" title="Robert Crumb – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Robert Crumb" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8" title="روبرت كرامب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روبرت كرامب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Crumb" title="Robert Crumb – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Robert Crumb" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%90%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0" title="ロバート・クラム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロバート・クラム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Crumb" title="Robert Crumb – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Robert Crumb" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Crumb" title="Robert Crumb – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Robert Crumb" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Crumb" title="Robert Crumb – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Robert Crumb" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82" title="Крамб, Роберт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крамб, Роберт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Crumb" title="Robert Crumb – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Robert Crumb" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Crumb" title="Robert Crumb – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Robert Crumb" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Crumb" title="Robert Crumb – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Robert Crumb" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1" title="Роберт Крамб – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Роберт Крамб" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1133510734">.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator .infobox-title{background-color:#99c2ff}.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator-manga .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator-manga .infobox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator-foreign-name{font-size:97%}.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-comics-creator .infobox-label{width:40%}}</style><table class="infobox ib-comics-creator biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn">Robert Crumb</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Crumb_-_Lucca_Comics_%26_Games_2014_2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An elderly man with a white beard, round glasses, and beret-like hat." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Robert_Crumb_-_Lucca_Comics_%26_Games_2014_2.JPG/220px-Robert_Crumb_-_Lucca_Comics_%26_Games_2014_2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Robert_Crumb_-_Lucca_Comics_%26_Games_2014_2.JPG/330px-Robert_Crumb_-_Lucca_Comics_%26_Games_2014_2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Robert_Crumb_-_Lucca_Comics_%26_Games_2014_2.JPG/440px-Robert_Crumb_-_Lucca_Comics_%26_Games_2014_2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2075" data-file-height="3120" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Crumb in 2014</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">Robert Dennis Crumb<br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1943-08-30</span>) </span>August 30, 1943<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 81)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Area(s)</span></th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Cartoonist</li> <li>writer</li> <li>musician</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Pseudonym(s)</span></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">R. Crumb</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Notable works</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zap_Comix" title="Zap Comix">Zap Comix</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Keep_On_Truckin%27_(comics)" title="Keep On Truckin' (comics)">Keep On Truckin'</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fritz_the_Cat" title="Fritz the Cat">Fritz the Cat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Natural_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. Natural (comics)">Mr. Natural</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weirdo_(comics)" title="Weirdo (comics)">Weirdo</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Introducing_Kafka" title="Introducing Kafka">Introducing Kafka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Genesis_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Book of Genesis (comics)">The Book of Genesis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Spouse(s)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Dana Morgan</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1964; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1978)<wbr /></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Aline_Kominsky-Crumb" title="Aline Kominsky-Crumb">Aline Kominsky-Crumb</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1978; died 2022)<wbr /></div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Jesse Crumb (1968–2018),<br /><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Crumb" title="Sophie Crumb">Sophie Crumb</a> (1981)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Crumb" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Crumb">Charles Crumb Jr.</a> (brother)<br /><a href="/wiki/Maxon_Crumb" title="Maxon Crumb">Maxon Crumb</a> (brother)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rcrumb.com">rcrumb<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Robert Dennis Crumb</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ʌ/: 'u' in 'cut'">ʌ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</a></span></span>; born August 30, 1943) is an American cartoonist who often signs his work <b>R. Crumb</b>. His work displays a nostalgia for <a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_United_States" title="Folklore of the United States">American folk culture</a> of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and satire of contemporary American culture. </p><p>Crumb contributed to many of the seminal works of the <a href="/wiki/Underground_comix" title="Underground comix">underground comix</a> movement in the 1960s, including being a founder of the first successful underground comix publication, <i><a href="/wiki/Zap_Comix" title="Zap Comix">Zap Comix</a></i>, contributing to all 16 issues. He was additionally contributing to the <i><a href="/wiki/East_Village_Other" title="East Village Other">East Village Other</a></i> and many other publications, including a variety of one-off and anthology comics. During this time, inspired by psychedelics and cartoons from the 1920s and 1930s, he introduced a wide variety of characters that became extremely popular, including <a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">countercultural</a> icons <a href="/wiki/Fritz_the_Cat" title="Fritz the Cat">Fritz the Cat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mr._Natural_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. Natural (comics)">Mr. Natural</a>, and the images from his <i><a href="/wiki/Keep_On_Truckin%27_(comics)" title="Keep On Truckin' (comics)">Keep On Truckin'</a></i> strip. Sexual themes abounded in all these projects, often shading into <a href="/wiki/Scatology" title="Scatology">scatological</a> and pornographic comics. In the mid-1970s, he contributed to the <i><a href="/wiki/Arcade_(comics_magazine)" title="Arcade (comics magazine)">Arcade</a></i> anthology; following the decline of the underground, he moved towards biographical and autobiographical subjects while refining his drawing style, a heavily <a href="/wiki/Hatching" title="Hatching">crosshatched</a> pen-and-ink style inspired by late 19th- and early 20th-century cartooning. Much of his work appeared in a magazine he founded, <i><a href="/wiki/Weirdo_(comics)" title="Weirdo (comics)">Weirdo</a></i> (1981–1993), which was one of the most prominent publications of the <a href="/wiki/Alternative_comics" title="Alternative comics">alternative comics</a> era. As his career progressed, his comic work became more autobiographical. </p><p>In 1991 Crumb was inducted into the comic book industry's <a href="/wiki/List_of_Eisner_Award_winners#The_Will_Eisner_Award_Hall_of_Fame" title="List of Eisner Award winners">Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame</a>, and in 1994 the <a href="/wiki/Terry_Zwigoff" title="Terry Zwigoff">Terry Zwigoff</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Crumb_(film)" title="Crumb (film)">Crumb</a></i> explored his artistic career and personal life. He was married to cartoonist <a href="/wiki/Aline_Kominsky-Crumb" title="Aline Kominsky-Crumb">Aline Kominsky-Crumb</a>, with whom he frequently collaborated. Their daughter <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Crumb" title="Sophie Crumb">Sophie Crumb</a> has also followed a cartooning career. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_(1943–1966)"><span id="Early_life_.281943.E2.80.931966.29"></span>Early life (1943–1966)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life (1943–1966)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Robert Crumb was born August 30, 1943, in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> to <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> parents<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncanSmith2013158_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncanSmith2013158-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of English and Scottish descent, spending his early years in <a href="/wiki/West_Philadelphia" title="West Philadelphia">West Philadelphia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Upper_Darby" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper Darby">Upper Darby</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, Charles Vincent Crumb, authored the book <i>Training People Effectively</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncanSmith2013158_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncanSmith2013158-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His mother, Beatrice Loretta Crumb (<span title="Name at birth"><a href="/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names" title="Birth name">née</a></span> Hall), was a housewife who reportedly <a href="/wiki/Substance_abuse" title="Substance abuse">abused</a> diet pills and <a href="/wiki/Substituted_amphetamine" title="Substituted amphetamine">amphetamines</a>. Crumb's parents' marriage was unhappy and the children were frequent witnesses to their parents' arguments.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple had four other children: sons <a href="/wiki/Charles_Crumb" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Crumb">Charles Vincent Crumb Jr.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maxon_Crumb" title="Maxon Crumb">Maxon Crumb</a>, both of whom suffered from mental illness, and daughters Carol<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Sandra.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncanSmith2013158Goldstein2013517_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncanSmith2013158Goldstein2013517-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family often moved between Philadelphia and Charles's hometown, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Lea,_Minnesota" title="Albert Lea, Minnesota">Albert Lea, Minnesota</a>. In August 1950, the Crumbs moved to <a href="/wiki/Ames,_Iowa" title="Ames, Iowa">Ames, Iowa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ameshistoricalsociety-r_crumb_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ameshistoricalsociety-r_crumb-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For two years, Charles, a Marine Corps sergeant, was an instructor in the Naval R.O.T.C. program at <a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Iowa State College">Iowa State College</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ameshistoricalsociety-r_crumb_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ameshistoricalsociety-r_crumb-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family moved to <a href="/wiki/Milford,_Delaware" title="Milford, Delaware">Milford, Delaware</a>, when Crumb was twelve and where he was an average student whose teachers discouraged him from cartooning.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaremaa200429_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaremaa200429-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Inspired by <a href="/wiki/Walt_Kelly" title="Walt Kelly">Walt Kelly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fleischer_Studios" title="Fleischer Studios">Fleischer Brothers</a> animation and others, Crumb and his brothers drew their own comics.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncanSmith2013158_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncanSmith2013158-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His cartooning developed as his older brother <a href="/wiki/Charles_Crumb" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Crumb">Charles</a> pushed him and provided feedback. In 1958 the brothers self-published three issues of <i>Foo</i> in imitation of <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Kurtzman" title="Harvey Kurtzman">Harvey Kurtzman</a>'s satirical <i><a href="/wiki/Humbug_(magazine)" title="Humbug (magazine)">Humbug</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Mad_(magazine)" title="Mad (magazine)">Mad</a></i> which they sold door-to-door with little success, souring the young Crumb on the comic-book business.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaremaa200429–30_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaremaa200429–30-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At fifteen, Crumb collected classical jazz and blues records from the 1920s to the 1940s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncanSmith2013158_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncanSmith2013158-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At age 16 he lost his Catholic faith.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldstein2013517_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein2013517-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_work_(1962–1966)"><span id="Early_work_.281962.E2.80.931966.29"></span>Early work (1962–1966)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early work (1962–1966)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Crumb's father gave him $40 when he left home after high school.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldstein2013517_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein2013517-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first job, in 1962, was drawing novelty greeting cards for <a href="/wiki/American_Greetings" title="American Greetings">American Greetings</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncanSmith2013159_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncanSmith2013159-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland, Ohio">Cleveland, Ohio</a>. He stayed with the company for four years, producing hundreds of cards for the company's Hi-Brow line; his superiors had him draw in a cuter style that was to leave a footprint on his work throughout his career.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaremaa200430_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaremaa200430-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Cleveland, he met a group of young <a href="/wiki/Bohemianism" title="Bohemianism">bohemians</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Buzzy_Linhart" title="Buzzy Linhart">Buzzy Linhart</a>, Liz Johnston, and <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Pekar" title="Harvey Pekar">Harvey Pekar</a>. Dissatisfied with greeting card work, he tried to sell cartoons to comic book companies, who showed little interest in his work. In 1965, cartoonist <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Kurtzman" title="Harvey Kurtzman">Harvey Kurtzman</a> printed some of Crumb's work in the humor magazine he edited, <i><a href="/wiki/Help!_(magazine)" title="Help! (magazine)">Help!</a></i> Crumb moved to New York, intending to work with Kurtzman, but <i>Help!</i> ceased publication shortly after. Crumb briefly illustrated bubblegum cards for <a href="/wiki/Topps" title="Topps">Topps</a> before returning to Cleveland and American Greetings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncanSmith2013159_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncanSmith2013159-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crumb married Dana Morgan in 1964. Nearly destitute, the couple traveled in Europe, during which Crumb continued to produce work for Kurtzman and American Greetings, and Dana stole food.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgess2000_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgess2000-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The relationship was unstable as Crumb frequently went his own way, and he was not close to his son, Jesse (born in 1968).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldstein2013518_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein2013518-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fritz_the_Cat_front_cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/84/Fritz_the_Cat_front_cover.jpg/220px-Fritz_the_Cat_front_cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="277" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/84/Fritz_the_Cat_front_cover.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="281" data-file-height="354" /></a><figcaption>Front cover of <i>Fritz the Cat</i></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1965 and 1966 Crumb had a number of <a href="/wiki/Fritz_the_Cat" title="Fritz the Cat">Fritz the Cat</a> strips published in the men's magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Cavalier_(magazine)" title="Cavalier (magazine)">Cavalier</a></i>. Fritz had appeared in Crumb's work as early as the late 1950s; he was to become a hipster, scam artist, and bohemian until Crumb abandoned the character in 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaremaa200430_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaremaa200430-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crumb was becoming increasingly uncomfortable with his job and marriage when in June 1965 he began taking <a href="/wiki/Lysergic_acid_diethylamide" class="mw-redirect" title="Lysergic acid diethylamide">LSD</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_drug" title="Psychedelic drug">psychedelic drug</a> that was then still legal. He had both good and <a href="/wiki/Bad_trip" title="Bad trip">bad trips</a>. One bad trip left him in a muddled state for half a year, during which for a time he left Dana; the state ended when the two took a strong dose of the drug together in April 1966. Crumb created a number of his best-known characters during his years of LSD use, including <a href="/wiki/Mr._Natural_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. Natural (comics)">Mr. Natural</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angelfood_McSpade" title="Angelfood McSpade">Angelfood McSpade</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Snoid" title="Snoid">Snoid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm200546–47_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm200546–47-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His work in the underground comics scene coincided with the rise of <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Leary" title="Timothy Leary">Timothy Leary</a>'s acid tests and psychedelics generally which led to deals with psychedelic artists such as the Grateful Dead.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_offense_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes_offense-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zap_and_underground_comix_(1967–1979)"><span id="Zap_and_underground_comix_.281967.E2.80.931979.29"></span><i>Zap</i> and underground comix (1967–1979)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Zap and underground comix (1967–1979)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 1967 Crumb came across two friends in a bar who were about to leave for San Francisco;<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_offense_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes_offense-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crumb was interested in the work of San Francisco-based psychedelic poster artists, and on a whim asked if he could join them.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm200547_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm200547-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There, he contributed upbeat LSD-inspired countercultural work to <a href="/wiki/Underground_press" title="Underground press">underground newspapers</a>. The work was popular, and Crumb was flooded with requests, including to illustrate a full issue of <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Yarrowstalks" title="Yarrowstalks">Yarrowstalks</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm200547–48_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm200547–48-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Independent publisher <a href="/wiki/Don_Donahue" title="Don Donahue">Don Donahue</a> invited Crumb to make a comic book; Crumb drew up two issues of <i><a href="/wiki/Zap_Comix" title="Zap Comix">Zap Comix</a></i>, and Donahue published the first<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm200547–48_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm200547–48-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in February 1968 under the publisher name <a href="/wiki/Apex_Novelties" class="mw-redirect" title="Apex Novelties">Apex Novelties</a>. Crumb had difficulty at first finding retailers who would stock it, and at first his wife took to selling the first run herself out of a baby carriage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarvey1996195_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarvey1996195-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crumb met cartoonist <a href="/wiki/S._Clay_Wilson" title="S. Clay Wilson">S. Clay Wilson</a>, an art school graduate who saw himself as a rebel against middle-class American values and whose comics were violent and grotesque. Wilson's attitude inspired Crumb to give up the idea of the cartoonist-as-entertainer and to focus on comics as open, uncensored self-expression; in particular, his work soon became sexually explicit, as in the pornographic <i>Snatch</i> he and Wilson produced late in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarvey1996195_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarvey1996195-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second issue of <i>Zap</i> appeared in June with contributions from Wilson and poster artists <a href="/wiki/Victor_Moscoso" title="Victor Moscoso">Victor Moscoso</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rick_Griffin" title="Rick Griffin">Rick Griffin</a>. Artist <a href="/wiki/Barry_Pressing" title="Barry Pressing">H.Fish</a> also contributed to <i>Zap</i>. In December, Donahue published the still-unreleased issue as <abbr title="Number">#</abbr>0 and a new third issue with <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Shelton" title="Gilbert Shelton">Gilbert Shelton</a> joining the roster of regulars.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHarvey1996195_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHarvey1996195-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Zap</i> was financially successful, and developed a market for underground comix. </p><p>Crumb was a prolific cartoonist in the late 1960s and early 1970s; at his peak output he produced 320 pages over two years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldstein2013517_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein2013517-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He produced much of his best-known work then,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncanSmith2013160_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncanSmith2013160-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including his <i><a href="/wiki/Keep_On_Truckin%27_(comics)" title="Keep On Truckin' (comics)">Keep On Truckin'</a></i> strip, and strips featuring characters such as the bohemian <a href="/wiki/Fritz_the_Cat" title="Fritz the Cat">Fritz the Cat</a>, spiritual guru <a href="/wiki/Mr._Natural_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. Natural (comics)">Mr. Natural</a>, and oversexed African-American stereotype <a href="/wiki/Angelfood_McSpade" title="Angelfood McSpade">Angelfood McSpade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this period, he launched a series of solo titles, including <i>Despair</i>, <i>Uneeda</i> (published by Print Mint in 1969 and 1970 respectively), <i>Big Ass Comics</i>, <i>R. Crumb's Comics and Stories</i>, <i>Motor City Comics</i> (all published by <a href="/wiki/Rip_Off_Press" title="Rip Off Press">Rip Off Press</a> in 1969), <i>Home Grown Funnies</i> (<a href="/wiki/Kitchen_Sink_Press" title="Kitchen Sink Press">Kitchen Sink Press</a>, 1971) and <i>Hytone Comix</i> (<a href="/wiki/Apex_Novelties" class="mw-redirect" title="Apex Novelties">Apex Novelties</a>, 1971), in addition to founding the pornographic anthologies <i>Jiz</i> and <i>Snatch</i> (both Apex Novelties, 1969).<sup id="cite_ref-Sabin-92_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sabin-92-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crumb's work also appeared in <i>Nasty Tales</i>, a 1970s British underground comic. The publishers were acquitted in a celebrated 1972 obscenity trial at the <a href="/wiki/Old_Bailey" title="Old Bailey">Old Bailey</a> in London; the first such case involving a comic. Giving evidence at the trial, one of the defendants said of Crumb: "He is the most outstanding, certainly the most interesting, artist to appear from the underground, and this (Dirty Dog) is <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais" title="François Rabelais">Rabelaisian</a> satire of a very high order. He is using coarseness quite deliberately in order to get across a view of social hypocrisy."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weirdo_(1980–1993)"><span id="Weirdo_.281980.E2.80.931993.29"></span><i>Weirdo</i> (1980–1993)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Weirdo (1980–1993)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While meditating in 1980, Crumb conceived of a magazine with a <a href="/wiki/Low_culture" title="Low culture">lowbrow</a> aesthetic inspired by <a href="/wiki/Punk_zine" title="Punk zine">punk zines</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Mad_(magazine)" title="Mad (magazine)">Mad</a></i>, and men's magazines of the 1940s and 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm200583_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm200583-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1981 Crumb edited the first nine issues of the twenty-eight issue run of <i><a href="/wiki/Weirdo_(comics)" title="Weirdo (comics)">Weirdo</a></i>, published by <a href="/wiki/Last_Gasp_(publisher)" title="Last Gasp (publisher)">Last Gasp</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm200582_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm200582-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> his contributions and tastes determined the contents of the later issues as well, edited by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bagge" title="Peter Bagge">Peter Bagge</a> until <abbr title="Number">#</abbr>17, and Aline for the remainder of the run.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm200583_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm200583-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The magazine featured cartoonists new and old, and had a mixed response. Crumb's <a href="/wiki/Photonovel#Fumetti" class="mw-redirect" title="Photonovel">fumetti</a> was so unpopular that it has never appeared in Crumb collections.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm200583–85_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm200583–85-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_life_(1994–present)"><span id="Later_life_.281994.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Later life (1994–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Later life (1994–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Crumbs moved into a house in Sauve (Gard, southern France) in 1991, which is said to have been financed by the sale of six Crumb sketchbooks.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm2005xx_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm2005xx-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Crumb_(film)" title="Crumb (film)">Crumb</a></i>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Terry_Zwigoff" title="Terry Zwigoff">Terry Zwigoff</a>, appeared in 1994<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm200597_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm200597-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—a project on which Zwigoff had been working since 1985.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm200582_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm200582-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film won several major critical accolades. </p><p>From 1987 to 2005 <a href="/wiki/Fantagraphics_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantagraphics Books">Fantagraphics Books</a> published the seventeen-volume <i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Crumb_Comics" title="The Complete Crumb Comics">Complete Crumb Comics</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm200585_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm200585-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and ten volumes of sketches. Crumb (as "R. Crumb") contributes regularly to <i><a href="/wiki/Mineshaft_(magazine)" title="Mineshaft (magazine)">Mineshaft</a></i> magazine, which, since 2009, has been serializing "Excerpts From R. Crumb's Dream Diary".<sup id="cite_ref-Mineshaft_Magazine_Homepage_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mineshaft_Magazine_Homepage-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009 Crumb produced <i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Genesis_(comic)" title="The Book of Genesis (comic)">The Book of Genesis</a></i>, an unabridged illustrated <a href="/wiki/Graphic_novel" title="Graphic novel">graphic novel</a> version of the biblical <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Genesis" title="Book of Genesis">Book of Genesis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2016, the Seattle Museum of Art displayed the original drawings for <i>The Book of Genesis</i> as part of an exhibit entitled "Graphic Masters: Dürer, Rembrandt, Hogarth, Goya, Picasso, R. Crumb."<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In January 2015, Crumb was asked to submit a cartoon to the left-wing magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration" title="Libération">Libération</a></i> as a tribute for the <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Hebdo_shooting" title="Charlie Hebdo shooting"><i>Charlie Hebdo</i> shooting</a>. He sent a drawing titled "A Cowardly Cartoonist", depicting an illustration of the backside of "Mohamid Bakhsh", a reference to <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>, founder of Islam, and <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bakshi" title="Ralph Bakshi">Ralph Bakshi</a>, the film director who had once planned to adapt Fritz the Cat.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Professional_collaborations">Professional collaborations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Professional collaborations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A friend of comic book writer <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Pekar" title="Harvey Pekar">Harvey Pekar</a>, Crumb illustrated over 30 stories of Pekar's in the comic book series <i><a href="/wiki/American_Splendor" title="American Splendor">American Splendor</a></i>, primarily in the first eight issues (1976–1983).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As <i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Crumb_Comics" title="The Complete Crumb Comics">The Complete Crumb Comics</a></i> co-editor Robert Fiore wrote about their collaborations: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>... in <i>American Splendor</i>, Crumb's work stood out for ... the way he really made Pekar's voice SING. His style embodied Pekar's voice ... He turned Pekar's scripts into pure comics, into something that would have been inferior in any other medium ... But I think what makes all of their collaborations work so well is the fact that Crumb is as sympathetic a collaborator as Pekar ever had. It's not just the fact that Crumb draws better than everybody else, he knew what to draw. Just as Pekar knew what to write ... Their mutual understanding of each other helped me appreciate each as artists and voices ...<sup id="cite_ref-Fantagraphics_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fantagraphics-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Crumb collaborated with his wife, <a href="/wiki/Aline_Kominsky-Crumb" title="Aline Kominsky-Crumb">Aline Kominsky-Crumb</a>, on many strips and comics, including <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dirty_Laundry_Comics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dirty Laundry Comics (page does not exist)">Dirty Laundry Comics</a></i>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Self-Loathing_Comics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Self-Loathing Comics (page does not exist)">Self-Loathing Comics</a></i>, and work published in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1978, Crumb allowed his artwork to be used as pictorial rubber stamp designs by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Top_Drawer_Rubber_Stamp_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Top Drawer Rubber Stamp Company (page does not exist)">Top Drawer Rubber Stamp Company</a>, a collaboration between cartoonist <a href="/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman">Art Spiegelman</a>, publisher <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Mouly" title="Françoise Mouly">Françoise Mouly</a>, and people living at <a href="/wiki/Quarry_Hill_Creative_Center" title="Quarry Hill Creative Center">Quarry Hill Creative Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Vermont" title="Rochester, Vermont">Rochester, Vermont</a>. R. Crumb's imagery proved to be some of the most popular designs produced by this avant-garde pictorial stamp company.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1980s and 1990s, Crumb illustrated a number of writer <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bukowski" title="Charles Bukowski">Charles Bukowski</a>'s stories, including the collection <i><a href="/wiki/The_Captain_Is_Out_to_Lunch_and_the_Sailors_Have_Taken_Over_the_Ship" class="mw-redirect" title="The Captain Is Out to Lunch and the Sailors Have Taken Over the Ship">The Captain Is Out to Lunch and the Sailors Have Taken Over the Ship</a></i> and the story "<a href="/wiki/Bring_Me_Your_Love_(short_story)" title="Bring Me Your Love (short story)">Bring Me Your Love</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1984–1985 Crumb produced a series of illustrations for the tenth anniversary edition of <a href="/wiki/Edward_Abbey" title="Edward Abbey">Edward Abbey</a>'s environmental-themed novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Monkey_Wrench_Gang" title="The Monkey Wrench Gang">The Monkey Wrench Gang</a></i>, published in 1985 by Dream Garden Press of Salt Lake City. Many of these illustrations also appeared in a 1987 Monkey Wrench Gang calendar, and remain available on T-shirts.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>R. Crumb Comix</i>, a theatrical production based on his work and directed by Johnny Simons, was produced in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a>, in 1986. It was revived at <a href="/wiki/Duke_University" title="Duke University">Duke University</a> in 1990, and co-starred <a href="/wiki/Avner_Eisenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Avner Eisenberg">Avner Eisenberg</a>. The development of the play was supervised by Crumb, who also served as set designer, drawing larger-than-life representations of some of his most famous characters all over the floors and walls of the set.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crumb's collaboration with <a href="/wiki/David_Zane_Mairowitz" title="David Zane Mairowitz">David Zane Mairowitz</a>, the illustrated, part-comic biography and bibliography <i><a href="/wiki/Introducing_Kafka" title="Introducing Kafka">Introducing Kafka</a></i> (1993), a.k.a. <i>Kafka for Beginners</i>, is one of his less sexual- and satire-oriented, comparably highbrow works. It is well-known and favorably received, and due to its popularity was republished as <i>R. Crumb's Kafka</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musical_projects">Musical projects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Musical projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Crumb has frequently drawn comics about his musical interests in <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bluegrass_music" title="Bluegrass music">bluegrass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cajun" class="mw-redirect" title="Cajun">cajun</a>, French <a href="/wiki/Bal-musette" title="Bal-musette">Bal-musette</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">big band</a> and <a href="/wiki/Swing_music" title="Swing music">swing music</a> from the 1920s and 1930s, and they also heavily influenced the soundtrack choices for his bandmate Zwigoff's 1995 <i><a href="/wiki/Crumb_(film)" title="Crumb (film)">Crumb</a></i> documentary. In 2006, he prepared, compiled and illustrated the book <i>R. Crumb's Heroes of Blues, Jazz & Country</i>, with accompanying CD, which derived from three series of <a href="/wiki/Trading_card" title="Trading card">trading cards</a> originally published in the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crumb was the leader of the band <a href="/wiki/R._Crumb_%26_His_Cheap_Suit_Serenaders" title="R. Crumb & His Cheap Suit Serenaders">R. Crumb & His Cheap Suit Serenaders</a>, for which he sang lead vocals, wrote several songs and played banjo and other instruments.<sup id="cite_ref-Lynch_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lynch-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crumb often plays mandolin with <a href="/wiki/Eden_and_John%27s_East_River_String_Band" title="Eden and John's East River String Band">Eden and John's East River String Band</a> and has drawn four covers for them: 2009's <i>Drunken Barrel House Blues</i>, 2008's <i>Some Cold Rainy Day</i>, 2011's <i>Be Kind To A Man When He's Down</i> on which he plays <a href="/wiki/Mandolin" title="Mandolin">mandolin</a>, the latest (2022) "Goodbye Cruel World", on which he sings vocals, plays ukulele, mandolin & tiple. In 2013 he played on their album <i>Take A Look at That Baby</i> and also took part in the accompanying <a href="/wiki/Music_video" title="Music video">music video</a>. </p><p>With Dominique Cravic, in 1986 he founded "Les Primitifs du Futur"—a French band whose eclectic music has incorporated Bal-musette, folk, jazz, blues and world music—playing on their albums "Cocktail d'Amour" (1986), "Trop de Routes, Trop de Trains" (1995), "World Musette" (1999)<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "Tribal Musette" (2008). He also provided the <a href="/wiki/Cover_art" title="Cover art">cover art</a> for these albums. </p><p>Crumb has released CDs anthologizing old original performances gleaned from collectible <a href="/wiki/Gramophone_record#78_rpm_disc_developments" class="mw-redirect" title="Gramophone record">78-rpm</a> <a href="/wiki/Gramophone_record" class="mw-redirect" title="Gramophone record">phonograph records</a>. His <i>That's What I Call Sweet Music</i> was released in 1999 and <i>Hot Women: Women Singers from the Torrid Regions</i> in 2009. <i>Chimpin' the Blues,</i> a collaboration with fellow record collector <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Zolten" title="Jerry Zolten">Jerry Zolten</a> that combines rare recordings with conversation about the music and the musicians, was released in 2013. Crumb drew the cover art for these CDs as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Album_covers">Album covers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Album covers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cheapthrills.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Cheapthrills.jpeg/220px-Cheapthrills.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/9e/Cheapthrills.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="316" /></a><figcaption>Crumb cover artwork for the 1968 <a href="/wiki/Big_Brother_and_the_Holding_Company" title="Big Brother and the Holding Company">Big Brother and the Holding Company</a> album <i><a href="/wiki/Cheap_Thrills_(Big_Brother_and_the_Holding_Company_album)" title="Cheap Thrills (Big Brother and the Holding Company album)">Cheap Thrills</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Crumb has illustrated many album covers, most prominently <i><a href="/wiki/Cheap_Thrills_(Big_Brother_and_the_Holding_Company_album)" title="Cheap Thrills (Big Brother and the Holding Company album)">Cheap Thrills</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Big_Brother_and_the_Holding_Company" title="Big Brother and the Holding Company">Big Brother and the Holding Company</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Compilation_album" title="Compilation album">compilation album</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Music_Never_Stopped:_Roots_of_the_Grateful_Dead" title="The Music Never Stopped: Roots of the Grateful Dead">The Music Never Stopped: Roots of the Grateful Dead</a></i>. </p><p>Between 1974 and 1984, Crumb drew at least 17 album covers for <a href="/wiki/Yazoo_Records" title="Yazoo Records">Yazoo Records</a>/<a href="/wiki/Blue_Goose_Records" title="Blue Goose Records">Blue Goose Records</a>, including those of the Cheap Suit Serenaders. He also created the revised logo and record label designs of Blue Goose Records that were used from 1974 onward. </p><p>In 1992 and 1993, Robert Crumb was involved in a project by Dutch formation <a href="/wiki/The_Beau_Hunks" title="The Beau Hunks">The Beau Hunks</a> and provided the cover art for both their albums <i>The Beau Hunks play the original Laurel & Hardy music</i> 1 and 2. He also illustrated the albums' booklets. </p><p>In 2009, Crumb drew the artwork for a 10-CD anthology of French traditional music compiled by <a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Veillet" title="Guillaume Veillet">Guillaume Veillet</a> for Frémeaux & Associés.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, he created three artworks for Christopher King's <i>Aimer Et Perdre: To Love And To Lose: Songs, 1917–1934</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Style">Style</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Crumb_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Robert_Crumb_2010.jpg/220px-Robert_Crumb_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Robert_Crumb_2010.jpg/330px-Robert_Crumb_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Robert_Crumb_2010.jpg/440px-Robert_Crumb_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="1845" /></a><figcaption>Crumb in 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>As told by Crumb in his <a href="/wiki/Crumb_(film)" title="Crumb (film)">biographical film</a>, his artwork was very conventional and traditional in the beginning. His earlier work shows this more restrained style. In Crumb's own words, it was a lengthy drug trip on <a href="/wiki/Lysergic_acid_diethylamide" class="mw-redirect" title="Lysergic acid diethylamide">LSD</a> that "left him fuzzy for two months" and led to him adopting the surrealistic, <a href="/wiki/Psychedelic_art" title="Psychedelic art">psychedelic</a> style for which he has become known.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A peer in the underground comics field, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Moscoso" title="Victor Moscoso">Victor Moscoso</a>, commented about his first impression of Crumb's work, in the mid-1960s, before meeting Crumb in person: "I couldn't tell if it was an old man drawing young, or a young man drawing old."<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robert Crumb's cartooning style has drawn on the work of cartoon artists from earlier generations, including <a href="/wiki/Billy_DeBeck" title="Billy DeBeck">Billy DeBeck</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barney_Google_and_Snuffy_Smith" title="Barney Google and Snuffy Smith">Barney Google</a>), <a href="/wiki/C._E._Brock" title="C. E. Brock">C. E. Brock</a> (an old story book illustrator), <a href="/wiki/Gene_Ahern" title="Gene Ahern">Gene Ahern</a>'s comic strips, <a href="/wiki/Basil_Wolverton" title="Basil Wolverton">Basil Wolverton</a> (<a href="/wiki/Powerhouse_Pepper" title="Powerhouse Pepper">Powerhouse Pepper</a>), <a href="/wiki/George_Baker_(cartoonist)" title="George Baker (cartoonist)">George Baker</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Sad_Sack" title="Sad Sack">Sad Sack</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Ub_Iwerks" title="Ub Iwerks">Ub Iwerks</a>'s characters for animation, <a href="/wiki/Friz_Freleng" title="Friz Freleng">Isadore Freleng</a>'s drawings for the early <i><a href="/wiki/Merrie_Melodies" title="Merrie Melodies">Merrie Melodies</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Looney_Tunes" title="Looney Tunes">Looney Tunes</a></i> of the 1930s, <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Smith_(cartoonist)" title="Sidney Smith (cartoonist)">Sidney Smith</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Gumps" title="The Gumps">The Gumps</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Rube_Goldberg" title="Rube Goldberg">Rube Goldberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/E._C._Segar" title="E. C. Segar">E. C. Segar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Popeye" title="Popeye">Popeye</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Bud_Fisher" title="Bud Fisher">Bud Fisher</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Mutt_and_Jeff" title="Mutt and Jeff">Mutt and Jeff</a></i>). Crumb has cited <a href="/wiki/Carl_Barks" title="Carl Barks">Carl Barks</a>, who illustrated Disney's "Donald Duck" comic books, and <a href="/wiki/John_Stanley_(cartoonist)" title="John Stanley (cartoonist)">John Stanley</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Little_Lulu" title="Little Lulu">Little Lulu</a></i>) as formative influences on his narrative approach, as well as <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Kurtzman" title="Harvey Kurtzman">Harvey Kurtzman</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mad_(magazine)" title="Mad (magazine)"><i>Mad</i></a> Magazine fame. </p><p>After issues 0 and 1 of <i>Zap</i>, Crumb began working with others, of whom the first was <a href="/wiki/S._Clay_Wilson" title="S. Clay Wilson">S. Clay Wilson</a>. Crumb said, about when he first saw Wilson's work "The content was something like I'd never seen before, ... a nightmare vision of hell-on-earth ..." And "Suddenly my own work seemed insipid ..."<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crumb remains a prominent figure, as both artist and influence, within the <a href="/wiki/Alternative_comics" title="Alternative comics">alternative comics</a> milieu. He is hailed as a genius by such comic book talents as <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Hernandez" title="Jaime Hernandez">Jaime Hernandez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Clowes" title="Daniel Clowes">Daniel Clowes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chris_Ware" title="Chris Ware">Chris Ware</a>. In the fall of 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Contemporary_Art,_Philadelphia" title="Institute of Contemporary Art, Philadelphia">Institute of Contemporary Art</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> hosted a major exhibition of his work, which was favorably reviewed in <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-NYT08_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT08-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philadelphia_Inquirer" title="The Philadelphia Inquirer">The Philadelphia Inquirer</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recurring_Crumb_characters">Recurring Crumb characters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Recurring Crumb characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angelfood_McSpade" title="Angelfood McSpade">Angelfood McSpade</a> (1967–1971) – large-built black woman drawn as an African native caricature. She is usually depicted being sexually exploited or manipulated by men.</li> <li>BoBo Bolinski (1968–1972) – a "burr-headed <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/barfly" class="extiw" title="wikt:barfly">barfly</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Devil Girl (1987–1995) – Amazonian type who is the object of Mr. Natural's obsession in later comics; real name Cheryl Borck<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Eggs Ackley (1968–1971) – cheerful young egg salesman</li> <li>Flakey Foont (1967–2002) – Mr. Natural's neurotic disciple</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_the_Cat" title="Fritz the Cat">Fritz the Cat</a> (1965–1972) – feline con artist who frequently went on wild adventures that sometimes included sexual escapades</li> <li>Honeybunch Kaminski (1970–1972) – a large-built teenage runaway and girlfriend of <a href="/wiki/ProJunior" title="ProJunior">ProJunior</a><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lenore Goldberg (1969–1970) – leader of the Girl Commandos, a group of young revolutionary women</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Natural_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. Natural (comics)">Mr. Natural</a> (1967–2002) – unreliable holy man</li> <li>Shuman the Human (1969–1977) – another neurotic male character</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Snoid" title="Snoid">Snoid</a> (1967–1979) – diminutive sex fiend and irritating presence</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Crumb has received several accolades for his work, including the <a href="/wiki/Inkpot_Award" title="Inkpot Award">Inkpot Award</a> in 1989,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a nomination for the <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvey Award">Harvey Special Award for Humor</a> in 1990 and the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_de_la_ville_d%27Angoul%C3%AAme" title="Grand Prix de la ville d'Angoulême">Angoulême Grand Prix</a> in 1999. </p><p>With <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kirby" title="Jack Kirby">Jack Kirby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Will_Eisner" title="Will Eisner">Will Eisner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Kurtzman" title="Harvey Kurtzman">Harvey Kurtzman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Panter" title="Gary Panter">Gary Panter</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chris_Ware" title="Chris Ware">Chris Ware</a>, Crumb was among the artists honored in the exhibition "Masters of American Comics" at the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Museum_(Manhattan)" title="Jewish Museum (Manhattan)">Jewish Museum</a> in New York City, from September 16, 2006, to January 28, 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, Crumb's original cover art for the 1969 <i><a href="/wiki/Fritz_the_Cat" title="Fritz the Cat">Fritz the Cat</a></i> collection published by Ballantine sold at auction for $717,000, the highest sale price to that point for any piece of American cartoon art.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_the_media">In the media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: In the media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to numerous brief television reports, there are at least three television or theatrical documentaries dedicated to Crumb. </p> <ul><li>Prior to the 1972 release of the film version of <i><a href="/wiki/Fritz_the_Cat_(film)" title="Fritz the Cat (film)">Fritz the Cat</a></i>, Austrian journalist <a href="/wiki/Georg_Stefan_Troller" title="Georg Stefan Troller">Georg Stefan Troller</a> interviewed Crumb for a thirty-minute documentary entitled <i>Comics und Katerideen</i> on Crumb's life and art – which he describes as "the epitome of contemporary white North America's popular art" – as an episode of his <i>Personenbeschreibung</i> (literally "Person's description") documentary-format broadcast on the German TV network <a href="/wiki/ZDF" title="ZDF">ZDF</a>. The documentary also includes a "making-of" look at the then forthcoming <i>Fritz</i> movie, featuring production background interviews with <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bakshi" title="Ralph Bakshi">Ralph Bakshi</a>. By the mid-to-late 2000s, it could still be seen on rotation as part of the <i>Personenbeschreibung</i> series on the ZDF-owned digital specialty channel <i>ZDFdokukanal</i> (in 2009 replaced by the new channel <a href="/wiki/ZDFneo" title="ZDFneo">ZDFneo</a>).</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arena_(British_TV_series)" title="Arena (British TV series)">Arena</a></i>: <i>The Confessions of Robert Crumb</i> (<a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a>, 13 February 1987)<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crumb_(film)" title="Crumb (film)">Crumb</a></i> (1994), a documentary film by <a href="/wiki/Terry_Zwigoff" title="Terry Zwigoff">Terry Zwigoff</a></li></ul> <p>Crumb and his work are featured in <a href="/wiki/Ron_Mann" title="Ron Mann">Ron Mann</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Comic_Book_Confidential" title="Comic Book Confidential">Comic Book Confidential</a></i> (1988). </p><p>In the <i><a href="/wiki/Star_Wars" title="Star Wars">Star Wars</a></i> movie <i><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a></i> (1983), the name (and aspects of the appearance) of the character <a href="/wiki/Salacious_B._Crumb" class="mw-redirect" title="Salacious B. Crumb">Salacious B. Crumb</a> are derived from, and are an homage to, Crumb.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 2003 movie <i><a href="/wiki/American_Splendor_(film)" title="American Splendor (film)">American Splendor</a></i>, Crumb was portrayed by <a href="/wiki/James_Urbaniak" title="James Urbaniak">James Urbaniak</a>. Crumb's wife Aline was quoted as saying she hated the interpretation and never would have married Robert if he was like that.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005 Crumb brought legal action against <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a> after their website used a version of his widely recognizable "<a href="/wiki/Keep_On_Truckin%27_(comics)" title="Keep On Truckin' (comics)">Keep On Truckin'</a>" character. The case was expected to be settled out of court.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Underground rap artist <a href="/wiki/Aesop_Rock" title="Aesop Rock">Aesop Rock</a> mentions Crumb several times in his lyrics, including in the songs "Catacomb Kids" from the album <i><a href="/wiki/None_Shall_Pass" title="None Shall Pass">None Shall Pass</a></i> and "Nickel Plated Pockets" from his EP "<a href="/wiki/Daylight" title="Daylight">Daylight</a>". </p><p><i>R. Crumb's Sex Obsessions</i>, a collection of his most personally revealing sexually oriented drawings and comic strips, was released by <a href="/wiki/Taschen" title="Taschen">Taschen</a> Publishing in November 2007. In August 2011, following concerns about his safety, Crumb cancelled plans to visit the Graphic 2011 festival in Sydney, Australia, after a tabloid labeled him a "self-confessed sex pervert" in an article headlined "Cult genius or filthy weirdo?"<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, Crumb appeared in <i>John's Old Time Radio Show</i>, talking about old music, sex, aliens and <a href="/wiki/Bigfoot" title="Bigfoot">Bigfoot</a>. He also played 78-rpm records from his record room in southern France. He has appeared on the show and recorded at least fourteen one-hour podcasts.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Crumb has been married twice. He first married Dana Morgan in 1964,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgess2000_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgess2000-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who gave birth to their son Jesse in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crumb met cartoonist <a href="/wiki/Aline_Kominsky-Crumb" title="Aline Kominsky-Crumb">Aline Kominsky</a> in 1972;<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> their relationship soon turned serious and they began living together (on the same property shared by Dana Crumb).<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1978, Crumb divorced Dana and married Aline, with whom Crumb has frequently collaborated.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncanSmith2013160_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncanSmith2013160-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 1981 Aline gave birth to Crumb's second child, <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Crumb" title="Sophie Crumb">Sophie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm200582_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm200582-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Robert, Aline, and Sophie moved to a small village near <a href="/wiki/Sauve,_Gard" title="Sauve, Gard">Sauve</a> in southern France in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dana died in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aline died in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At age six, Crumb's son was featured as a character in Robert and Aline's <i>Dirty Laundry Comics</i> #1 (<a href="/wiki/Cartoonists_Co-Op_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartoonists Co-Op Press">Cartoonists Co-Op Press</a>, 1974); he also appeared as an adult in <a href="/wiki/Terry_Zwigoff" title="Terry Zwigoff">Terry Zwigoff</a>'s 1994 documentary film, <i><a href="/wiki/Crumb_(film)" title="Crumb (film)">Crumb</a></i>. On New Year's Eve, December 31, 2017, Crumb's son was seriously injured in a car crash near <a href="/wiki/Phillipsville,_California" title="Phillipsville, California">Phillipsville, California</a>, and died three days later; he was 49 years old.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crumb was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_SubGenius" title="Church of the SubGenius">Church of the SubGenius</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critical_reception">Critical reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Critical reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Crumb has frequently been the target of criticism due to his recurring themes of graphic sexual and violent abuse of women.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crumb himself has frequently admitted his insecurity and hostility in relation to women: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I have these hostilities toward women. I admit it. ... It's out there in the open. ... It's very strong. It ruthlessly forces itself out of me onto the paper. ... I hope that somehow revealing that truth about myself is helpful, ... but I have to do it.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In addition to being the target of speculation by critical theorists and academic researchers, Crumb has also been held to scrutiny, by feminist writer <a href="/wiki/Deirdre_English" title="Deirdre English">Deirdre English</a>. English has been quoted as saying that Crumb engages in "self-indulgent fantasies" through his work, continually blurring the line between entertainment and pornography.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He has been the target of criticism by colleagues as well, such as <a href="/wiki/Trina_Robbins" title="Trina Robbins">Trina Robbins</a>, who called Crumb a "sexist pig"<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> due to his sexual hostility towards women.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Crumb's work is also filled with unsavory images of African Americans (such as his recurring character <a href="/wiki/Angelfood_McSpade" title="Angelfood McSpade">Angelfood McSpade</a>), who are often portrayed as indigent, tribal, and <a href="/wiki/Blackface" title="Blackface">caricatured</a>. Crumb often utilized African American characters as "tokens", appearing as re-used tropes such as clowns, tribesmen, athletes, etc. Researcher Edward Shannon interpreted the themes of Crumb's story containing marginalized Africans in "When the Niggers Take Over America" (published in 1993 in <i><a href="/wiki/Weirdo_(comics)" title="Weirdo (comics)">Weirdo</a></i>) like this: "Crumb ... explores both the American Dream and its nightmare reflection; in this ... strip <i>all-American</i> white middle class children are depicted as cannibals eager to devour the devalued and dehumanized <i>other.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crumb has responded to criticism by claiming that he did not invent racist caricature, but that they were part of the American culture in which he was raised.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm2004_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm2004-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuxley2001_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuxley2001-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He sees his art as a criticism of the racist stereotype itself and assumed that the audience who read his work in the late 1960s were not racists and would understand his intentions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm2004_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm2004-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELopes2009_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELopes2009-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography_(selection)"><span id="Bibliography_.28selection.29"></span>Bibliography (selection)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Bibliography (selection)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comics">Comics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Comics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zap_Comix" title="Zap Comix">Zap Comix</a></i> issues from 1 and 0 (1968) through at least 9 (1978) and several more (<a href="/wiki/Apex_Novelties" class="mw-redirect" title="Apex Novelties">Apex Novelties</a>, <a href="/wiki/Print_Mint" title="Print Mint">Print Mint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Last_Gasp_(publisher)" title="Last Gasp (publisher)">Last Gasp</a> and other transient brand names, generally under Crumb's control, 1968–2016) – #0 and #1 are all drawn by Crumb, the rest have stories by others also</li> <li><i>Snatch Comics</i> issues 1–3 (Apex Novelties/Print Mint, late 1968 – Aug. 1969) – #1 by Crumb and <a href="/wiki/S._Clay_Wilson" title="S. Clay Wilson">S. Clay Wilson</a>, the rest have stories by others also</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fritz_the_Cat" title="Fritz the Cat">R. Crumb's Fritz the Cat</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Ballantine_Books" title="Ballantine Books">Ballantine Books</a>, New York, 1969) (no ISBN listed) – all Crumb; about half reprints</li> <li><i>R. Crumb's Comics and Stories: April 1964</i> (<a href="/wiki/Rip_Off_Press" title="Rip Off Press">Rip Off Press</a>, 1969) – all Crumb; single 10-pp. story about <a href="/wiki/Fritz_the_Cat" title="Fritz the Cat">Fritz the Cat</a> and incest (originally produced in 1964)</li> <li><i>Despair</i> (Print Mint, 1969) — all Crumb</li> <li><i>Motor City Comics</i> #1–2 (Rip Off Press, Apr. 1969 – Feb. 1970) – all Crumb</li> <li><i>Big Ass Comics</i> #1–2 (Rip Off Press, June 1969 – Aug. 1971) – all Crumb</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Natural_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. Natural (comics)">Mr. Natural</a></i> #1–3 (<a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Comic_Book_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco Comic Book Company">San Francisco Comic Book Company</a>, Aug. 1970 – Kitchen Sink Enterprises, 1977) – all Crumb</li> <li><i>Uneeda Comix, "the Artistic Comic!"</i> (Print Mint, Aug. 1970) – several short strips by Crumb. The longest, last and strongest continues onto the back cover in color.</li> <li><i>Home Grown Funnies</i> (<a href="/wiki/Kitchen_Sink_Enterprises" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitchen Sink Enterprises">Kitchen Sink Enterprises</a>, Jan. 1971) – all Crumb</li> <li><i>Your Hytone Comix</i> (Apex Novelties, 1971) – all Crumb</li> <li><i>XYZ Comics</i> (Kitchen Sink Press, June 1972) – all Crumb</li> <li><i>The People's Comics</i> (<a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Publishing_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Gate Publishing Company">Golden Gate Publishing Company</a>, Sept. 1972) – all Crumb. This contains the strip in which there is Crumb Land (a black void), and also the strip in which Fritz the Cat is killed.</li> <li><i>Artistic Comics</i> (Golden Gate Publishing Company, Mar. 1973) – all Crumb, with illustrations of (among others) <a href="/wiki/Aline_Kominsky" class="mw-redirect" title="Aline Kominsky">Aline Kominsky</a></li> <li><i>Black and White Comics</i> (Apex Novelties, June 1973) – all Crumb</li> <li><i>Dirty Laundry Comics</i> #1–2 (<a href="/wiki/Cartoonists_Co-Op_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartoonists Co-Op Press">Cartoonists Co-Op Press</a>/Last Gasp, July 1974 – Dec. 1977) – R. Crumb and Aline Kominsky</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Best_Buy_Comics" title="Best Buy Comics">Best Buy Comics</a></i> (Apex Novelties, 1979) – R. Crumb and Aline Kominsky</li> <li><i>Snoid Comics</i> (Kitchen Sink Enterprises, 1980) – all Crumb</li> <li><i>Hup</i> #1–4 (Last Gasp, 1987–1992) – all Crumb</li> <li><i>Id</i> #1–3 (Fantagraphics, 1990–1991) – all Crumb</li> <li><i>Self-Loathing Comics</i> (Fantagraphics, Feb. 1995 – May 1997) – R. Crumb and <a href="/wiki/Aline_Kominsky-Crumb" title="Aline Kominsky-Crumb">Aline Kominsky-Crumb</a></li> <li><i>Mystic Funnies</i> #1–3 (Alex Wood, Last Gasp, Fantagraphics, 1997–2002) – all Crumb</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mineshaft_(magazine)" title="Mineshaft (magazine)">Mineshaft</a></i> #5–present (Dec. 2000 –)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collections_and_graphic_novels">Collections and graphic novels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Collections and graphic novels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>R. Crumb's Head Comix</i> (<a href="/wiki/Viking_Press" title="Viking Press">Viking Press</a>, 1968) – anthology; re-issued by <a href="/wiki/Fireside_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Fireside Books">Fireside Books</a> in 1988, with a new introduction by Crumb; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-671-66153-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-671-66153-1">0-671-66153-1</a></li> <li><i>R. Crumb's The Yum Yum Book</i> (Scrimshaw Press, 1975) – originally created in 1963; later republished as <i>Big Yum Yum Book: The Story of Oggie and the Beanstalk</i> by <a href="/wiki/Snow_Lion_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Snow Lion Publications">Snow Lion Graphics</a>/SLG Books, 1995</li> <li><i>R. Crumb Sketchbook</i> series (Zweitausendeins, 1981–1997) – later republished in 10 volumes by Fantagraphics</li> <li><i>Bible of Filth</i> (Futuropolis, 1986) – collection of Crumb's <a href="/wiki/Erotic_comics" title="Erotic comics">erotic comics</a> from over the years</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Crumb_Comics" title="The Complete Crumb Comics">The Complete Crumb Comics</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Fantagraphics_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantagraphics Books">Fantagraphics Books</a>, 1987–2005) – 17 volumes</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Introducing_Kafka" title="Introducing Kafka">Introducing Kafka</a></i> (Totem Books, 1993) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84046-122-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-84046-122-5">1-84046-122-5</a> – with writer <a href="/wiki/David_Zane_Mairowitz" title="David Zane Mairowitz">David Zane Mairowitz</a></li> <li><i>R. Crumb's America</i> (SCB Distributors, 1995) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86719-430-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-86719-430-8">0-86719-430-8</a></li> <li><i>Crumb Family Comics</i> (Last Gasp, 1998) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0867194616" title="Special:BookSources/978-0867194616">978-0867194616</a> – collection of stories by each member of the Crumb family, including <a href="/wiki/Aline_Kominsky-Crumb" title="Aline Kominsky-Crumb">Aline Kominsky-Crumb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Crumb" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Crumb">Charles Crumb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maxon_Crumb" title="Maxon Crumb">Maxon Crumb</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Crumb" title="Sophie Crumb">Sophie Crumb</a></li> <li><i>Bob and Harv's Comics</i> (Running Press, 1996) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1568581019" title="Special:BookSources/978-1568581019">978-1568581019</a> – collaborations with <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Pekar" title="Harvey Pekar">Harvey Pekar</a></li> <li><i>The R. Crumb Coffee Table Art Book</i> (<a href="/wiki/Little,_Brown_and_Company" title="Little, Brown and Company">Little, Brown and Company</a>, 1997) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-316-16306-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-316-16306-6">0-316-16306-6</a> – edited and designed by Peter Poplaski</li> <li><i>Odds & Ends</i> (<a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a> UK, 2001) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7475-5309-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7475-5309-0">978-0-7475-5309-0</a></li> <li><i>The R. Crumb Handbook</i> (2005). London: MQ Publications. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84072-716-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-84072-716-0">1-84072-716-0</a> – edited and designed by Peter Poplaski</li> <li><i>R. Crumb's Heroes of Blues, Jazz & Country</i> (<a href="/wiki/Harry_N._Abrams" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry N. Abrams">Harry N. Abrams</a>, 2006) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-81093-086-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-81093-086-5">978-0-81093-086-5</a></li> <li><i>R. Crumb's Sex Obsessions</i> (<a href="/wiki/Taschen" title="Taschen">Taschen</a>, 2007)</li> <li><i>Your Vigor for Life Appalls Me</i> (Turnaround Publisher, 2008) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56097-310-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56097-310-2">978-1-56097-310-2</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Genesis_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Book of Genesis (comics)">The Book of Genesis</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">W. W. Norton & Company</a>, 2009) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-06102-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-06102-4">978-0-393-06102-4</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/317919486">317919486</a></li> <li><i>The Book of Mr. Natural</i> (Fantagraphics, 2010) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60699-352-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60699-352-1">978-1-60699-352-1</a></li> <li><i>The Complete Record Cover Collection</i> (W. W. Norton & Company, 2011) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-08278-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-08278-4">978-0-393-08278-4</a></li> <li><i>The Sweeter Side of R. Crumb</i> (W. W. Norton, 2011) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-33371-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-33371-8">978-0-393-33371-8</a></li> <li><i>Drawn Together: The Collected Works of R. and A. Crumb</i> (<a href="/wiki/Boni_%26_Liveright" title="Boni & Liveright">Boni & Liveright</a>, 2012) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-871-40429-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-871-40429-9">978-0-871-40429-9</a> – R. Crumb and Aline Crumb</li> <li><i>The Weirdo Years: 1981–'93</i> (Last Gasp, 2013) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0867197907" title="Special:BookSources/978-0867197907">978-0867197907</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipetan-manga.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wikipetan-manga.png/32px-Wikipetan-manga.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wikipetan-manga.png/48px-Wikipetan-manga.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wikipetan-manga.png/64px-Wikipetan-manga.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="425" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Comics" title="Portal:Comics">Comics portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/48px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/64px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Addams" title="Charles Addams">Charles Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Crowther" title="John M. Crowther">John M. Crowther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Gorey" title="Edward Gorey">Edward Gorey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Larson" title="Gary Larson">Gary Larson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorin_Morgan-Richards" title="Lorin Morgan-Richards">Lorin Morgan-Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shel_Silverstein" title="Shel Silverstein">Shel Silverstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Townsend" title="Marvin Townsend">Marvin Townsend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gahan_Wilson" title="Gahan Wilson">Gahan Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crumb_(film)" title="Crumb (film)"><i>Crumb</i> (film)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crumb was introduced to his future wife <a href="/wiki/Aline_Kominsky-Crumb" title="Aline Kominsky-Crumb">Aline</a> by mutual friends, who had noted an uncanny resemblance between her and the coincidentally-named Honeybunch Kaminski character.<sup id="cite_ref-Beckerman_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beckerman-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the late 1970s, Kominsky-Crumb began calling her own comics avatar "The Bunch".<sup id="cite_ref-Beckerman_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beckerman-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncanSmith2013158-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncanSmith2013158_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncanSmith2013158_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncanSmith2013158_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncanSmith2013158_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuncanSmith2013">Duncan & Smith 2013</a>, p. 158.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalzell2020" class="citation web cs1">Dalzell, Tom (January 13, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.berkeleyside.com/2020/01/13/how-quirky-was-berkeley-r-crumb-the-underground-comix-artist-was-here">"How Quirky was Berkeley: R. Crumb, the underground comix artist, was here"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 8,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Quirky+was+Berkeley%3A+R.+Crumb%2C+the+underground+comix+artist%2C+was+here&rft.date=2020-01-13&rft.aulast=Dalzell&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.berkeleyside.com%2F2020%2F01%2F13%2Fhow-quirky-was-berkeley-r-crumb-the-underground-comix-artist-was-here&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Crumb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Crumb, Robert <i>Crumb Family Comics</i>. Last Gasp, 1998; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86719-427-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-86719-427-8">0-86719-427-8</a> <br /><i>Crumb Family Comics</i> featured Robert Crumb discussing his ancestry at length in a hand-written essay.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrumb,_Maxon1998" class="citation book cs1">Crumb, Maxon, ed. (1998). <i>Crumb Family Comics</i>. San Francisco, Calif.: Last Gasp. pp. 105, 129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0867194278" title="Special:BookSources/0867194278"><bdi>0867194278</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crumb+Family+Comics&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+Calif.&rft.pages=105%2C+129&rft.pub=Last+Gasp&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0867194278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Crumb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-odyssey-of-r-crumb-1432742178">"The Odyssey of R. Crumb"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Famous+Ames+residents&rft.atitle=R.+Crumb&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ameshistoricalsociety.org%2Fresidents_r_crumb.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Crumb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaremaa200429-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaremaa200429_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaremaa2004">Maremaa 2004</a>, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaremaa200429–30-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaremaa200429–30_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaremaa2004">Maremaa 2004</a>, pp. 29–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein2013517-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldstein2013517_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldstein2013517_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldstein2013517_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldstein2013">Goldstein 2013</a>, p. 517.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDuncanSmith2013159-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncanSmith2013159_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDuncanSmith2013159_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDuncanSmith2013">Duncan & Smith 2013</a>, p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMaremaa200430-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaremaa200430_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMaremaa200430_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMaremaa2004">Maremaa 2004</a>, p. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurgess2000-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgess2000_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurgess2000_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurgess2000">Burgess 2000</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein2013518-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldstein2013518_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGoldstein2013">Goldstein 2013</a>, p. 518.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm200546–47-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm200546–47_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHolm2005">Holm 2005</a>, pp. 46–47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes_offense-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_offense_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_offense_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerMontamat2022" class="citation news cs1">Miller, M. H.; Montamat, Thibault (September 15, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221027161133/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/15/t-magazine/r-crumb.html">"R. Crumb Means Some Offense; Even from his refuge in France, the comics artist still makes America's pulse race"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. Archived from <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/09/15/t-magazine/r-crumb.html">the original</a></span> on October 27, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Graphic Women: Life Narrative and Contemporary Comic". <i>Biography</i>. <b>34</b> (3, Summer 2011): 546. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fbio.2011.0038">10.1353/bio.2011.0038</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162340312">162340312</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biography&rft.atitle=Graphic+Women%3A+Life+Narrative+and+Contemporary+Comic&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3%2C+Summer+2011&rft.pages=546&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fbio.2011.0038&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162340312%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Precup&rft.aufirst=Michaela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Crumb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berger, A. (Producer), & <a href="/wiki/Terry_Zwigoff" title="Terry Zwigoff">Zwigoff, T.</a> (Director). (1994). Crumb [Motion Picture]. United States: Superior Pictures</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShannon2010" class="citation journal cs1">Shannon, Edward (2010). "Something Black in the American Psyche: Formal Innovation and Freudian Imagery in the Comics of Winsor McCay and Robert Crumb". <i>Canadian Review of American Studies</i>. <b>40</b> (2): 203. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2Fcras.40.2.187">10.3138/cras.40.2.187</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20827838">20827838</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:11674940">11674940</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Review+of+American+Studies&rft.atitle=Something+Black+in+the+American+Psyche%3A+Formal+Innovation+and+Freudian+Imagery+in+the+Comics+of+Winsor+McCay+and+Robert+Crumb&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=203&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A11674940%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20827838&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2Fcras.40.2.187&rft.aulast=Shannon&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Crumb" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHolm2004-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm2004_87-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHolm2004_87-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHolm2004">Holm 2004</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuxley2001-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuxley2001_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHuxley2001">Huxley 2001</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELopes2009-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELopes2009_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLopes2009">Lopes 2009</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works_cited">Works cited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Works cited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 40em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurgess2000" class="citation web cs1">Burgess, Steve (May 2, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/2000/05/02/crumb/">"R. Crumb"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Salon_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon (website)">Salon</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Salon&rft.atitle=R.+Crumb&rft.date=2000-05-02&rft.aulast=Burgess&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2000%2F05%2F02%2Fcrumb%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Crumb" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuncanSmith2013" class="citation book cs1">Duncan, Randy; Smith, Matthew J. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2GNaoeiY51EC&pg=PA158">"Crumb, Robert"</a>. <i>Icons of the American Comic Book: From Captain America to Wonder Woman</i>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. pp. 158–168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39923-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-39923-7"><bdi>978-0-313-39923-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Crumb%2C+Robert&rft.btitle=Icons+of+the+American+Comic+Book%3A+From+Captain+America+to+Wonder+Woman&rft.pages=158-168&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-313-39923-7&rft.aulast=Duncan&rft.aufirst=Randy&rft.au=Smith%2C+Matthew+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2GNaoeiY51EC%26pg%3DPA158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Crumb" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein2013" class="citation book cs1">Goldstein, Kalman (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AVBS79mK7bUC&pg=PA516">"Robert Crumb (1943– )"</a>. In Cross, Mary (ed.). <i>One Hundred People who Changed 20th-century America</i>. ABC-CLIO. pp. 516–521. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-085-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-085-0"><bdi>978-1-61069-085-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Robert+Crumb+%281943%E2%80%93+%29&rft.btitle=One+Hundred+People+who+Changed+20th-century+America&rft.pages=516-521&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-61069-085-0&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Kalman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAVBS79mK7bUC%26pg%3DPA516&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Crumb" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvey1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Harvey" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert C. Harvey">Harvey, Robert C.</a> (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artofcomicbookae0000harv"><i>The Art of the Comic Book: An Aesthetic History</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Mississippi" title="University Press of Mississippi">University Press of Mississippi</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87805-758-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87805-758-0"><bdi>978-0-87805-758-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+the+Comic+Book%3A+An+Aesthetic+History&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-87805-758-0&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=Robert+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fartofcomicbookae0000harv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Crumb" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolm2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/D.K._Holm" class="mw-redirect" title="D.K. Holm">Holm, D. K.</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4UnTP7Fxm-0C&dq=%22Angelfood+McSpade%22&pg=PA121"><i>R. Crumb: Conversations. Conversations With Comic Artists series</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Mississippi" title="University Press of Mississippi">University Press of Mississippi</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57806-637-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57806-637-7"><bdi>978-1-57806-637-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=R.+Crumb%3A+Conversations.+Conversations+With+Comic+Artists+series.&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-57806-637-7&rft.aulast=Holm&rft.aufirst=D.+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4UnTP7Fxm-0C%26dq%3D%2522Angelfood%2BMcSpade%2522%26pg%3DPA121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Crumb" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolm2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/D._K._Holm" title="D. K. Holm">Holm, D. K.</a> (2005). <i>Robert Crumb</i>. Pocket Essentials. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904048-51-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904048-51-0"><bdi>978-1-904048-51-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Robert+Crumb&rft.pub=Pocket+Essentials&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-904048-51-0&rft.aulast=Holm&rft.aufirst=D.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Crumb" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuxley2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Huxley, David (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=09KauG1G_fgC&dq=%22Angelfood+McSpade%22&pg=PA135"><i>Nasty Tales: Sex, Drugs, Rock 'n' Roll and Violence in the British Underground – Spinal Comix History Series</i></a>. Vol. 2, Primal. London: Critical Vision. p. 135. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-900486-13-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-900486-13-2"><bdi>978-1-900486-13-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nasty+Tales%3A+Sex%2C+Drugs%2C+Rock+%27n%27+Roll+and+Violence+in+the+British+Underground+%E2%80%93+Spinal+Comix+History+Series.&rft.place=London&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=Critical+Vision&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-900486-13-2&rft.aulast=Huxley&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D09KauG1G_fgC%26dq%3D%2522Angelfood%2BMcSpade%2522%26pg%3DPA135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Crumb" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLopes2009" class="citation book cs1">Lopes, Paul (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yYInVE6OLiQC&dq=%22Angelfood+McSpade%22&pg=PA82"><i>Demanding Respect: The Evolution of the American Comic Book</i></a>. Philadelphia, PA: <a href="/wiki/Temple_University_Press" title="Temple University Press">Temple University Press</a>. pp. 80–82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59213-443-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59213-443-4"><bdi>978-1-59213-443-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Demanding+Respect%3A+The+Evolution+of+the+American+Comic+Book&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+PA&rft.pages=80-82&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-59213-443-4&rft.aulast=Lopes&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyYInVE6OLiQC%26dq%3D%2522Angelfood%2BMcSpade%2522%26pg%3DPA82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Crumb" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaremaa2004" class="citation book cs1">Maremaa, Thomas (2004). "Who is this Crumb?". In Holm, D. K. (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2vO7kxvkJiYC"><i>R. Crumb: Conversations</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_Mississippi" title="University Press of Mississippi">University Press of Mississippi</a>. pp. 16–33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57806-637-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57806-637-7"><bdi>978-1-57806-637-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Who+is+this+Crumb%3F&rft.btitle=R.+Crumb%3A+Conversations&rft.pages=16-33&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Mississippi&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-57806-637-7&rft.aulast=Maremaa&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2vO7kxvkJiYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Crumb" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKenna1995" class="citation news cs1">McKenna, Kristine (April 23, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-04-23-ca-57938-story.html">"Creep Show: A new film shines disturbing light on the very dark family secrets of cartoonist Robert Crumb. There's a lot more there than just Mr. Natural"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 20,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Creep+Show%3A+A+new+film+shines+disturbing+light+on+the+very+dark+family+secrets+of+cartoonist+Robert+Crumb.+There%27s+a+lot+more+there+than+just+Mr.+Natural.&rft.date=1995-04-23&rft.aulast=McKenna&rft.aufirst=Kristine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1995-04-23-ca-57938-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Crumb" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimons1990" class="citation web cs1">Simons, Johnny (April 2, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3-UsOVOOOew">"R. Crumb Comix"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=R.+Crumb+Comix&rft.date=1990-04-02&rft.aulast=Simons&rft.aufirst=Johnny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D3-UsOVOOOew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Crumb" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bukowski" title="Charles Bukowski">Bukowski, Charles</a>, writer; Crumb, R., illustrator (1998). <i>The Captain Is Out to Lunch and the Sailors Have Taken Over the Ship</i><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>Fabricant, M. Chris, writer; Crumb, R., illustrator (2005). <i>Busted! Drug War Survival Skills</i><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Monggaard" class="extiw" title="da:Christian Monggaard">Monggaard, Christian</a>, writer; Crumb, R., illustrator (2020). <i>I Can’t Do Pretty. A Portrait and Two Interviews</i>. Barbar Bøger. ISBN 9788797165010.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Audio/Video"><span id="Audio.2FVideo"></span>Audio/Video</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Audio/Video"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Robert Crumb interview: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://channel.louisiana.dk/video/robert-crumb-a-compulsion-to-reveal"><i>A Compulsion to Reveal</i></a> (Video). Humlebæk, Denmark: <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Channel" title="Louisiana Channel">Louisiana Channel</a>, Louisiana Museum of Modern Art. n.d<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Compulsion+to+Reveal&rft.place=Humleb%C3%A6k%2C+Denmark&rft.pub=Louisiana+Channel%2C+Louisiana+Museum+of+Modern+Art&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchannel.louisiana.dk%2Fvideo%2Frobert-crumb-a-compulsion-to-reveal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Crumb" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Robert_Crumb" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Robert Crumb">Robert Crumb</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Robert_Crumb" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Robert Crumb">Robert Crumb</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.crumbproducts.com/About-Crumb_ep_7.html">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/2018010101/http://comicbookdb.com/creator.php?ID=2481">Robert Crumb</a> at the Comic Book DB (archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://comicbookdb.com/creator.php?ID=2481">the original</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?161898">Robert Crumb</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q435278#P1233" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mineshaftmagazine.com/crumbmineshaft.html">"R. Crumb and <i>Mineshaft!</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mineshaft_(magazine)" title="Mineshaft (magazine)">Mindshaft</a></i>. n.d. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201027095457/https://mineshaftmagazine.com/crumbmineshaft.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 20,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mindshaft&rft.atitle=R.+Crumb+and+Mineshaft%21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mineshaftmagazine.com%2Fcrumbmineshaft.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Crumb" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGravett2007" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gravett" title="Paul Gravett">Gravett, Paul</a> (March 11, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paulgravett.com/articles/article/aline_kominsky_crumb">"Aline Kominsky Crumb: Me and Mr Crumb"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent on Sunday Review</a></i>. UK. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200916042409/http://paulgravett.com/articles/article/aline_kominsky_crumb">Archived</a> from the original on September 16, 2020 – via Paul Gravett official website.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent+on+Sunday+Review&rft.atitle=Aline+Kominsky+Crumb%3A+Me+and+Mr+Crumb&rft.date=2007-03-11&rft.aulast=Gravett&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paulgravett.com%2Farticles%2Farticle%2Faline_kominsky_crumb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Crumb" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0190054/">Robert Crumb</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/artist/Robert+Crumb">Robert Crumb</a> discography at <a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Robert_Crumb" title="Template:Robert Crumb"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Robert_Crumb" title="Template talk:Robert Crumb"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Robert_Crumb" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Robert Crumb"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Robert_Crumb" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Crumb</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comix</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angelfood_McSpade" title="Angelfood McSpade">Angelfood McSpade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_the_Cat" title="Fritz the Cat">Fritz the Cat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Natural_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. Natural (comics)">Mr. Natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Snoid" class="mw-redirect" title="The Snoid">The Snoid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comix series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Zap_Comix" title="Zap Comix">Zap</a></i> (1968–2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weirdo_(comics)" title="Weirdo (comics)">Weirdo</a></i> (1981–1993)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Crumb_Comics" title="The Complete Crumb Comics">The Complete Crumb Comics</a></i> (1987–2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Genesis_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Book of Genesis (comics)">The Book of Genesis</a></i> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underground_comix" title="Underground comix">Underground comix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_comics" title="Alternative comics">Alternative comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autobiographical_comics" class="mw-redirect" title="Autobiographical comics">Autobiographical comics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keep_On_Truckin%27_(comics)" title="Keep On Truckin' (comics)"><i>Keep On Truckin'</i></a> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Best_Buy_Comics" title="Best Buy Comics">Best Buy Comics</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Short_History_of_America" title="A Short History of America">"A Short History of America"</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_the_Finger" title="Point the Finger">"Point the Finger"</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R._Crumb_%26_His_Cheap_Suit_Serenaders" title="R. Crumb & His Cheap Suit Serenaders">R. Crumb & His Cheap Suit Serenaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eden_and_John%27s_East_River_String_Band" title="Eden and John's East River String Band">Eden and John's East River String Band</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Album covers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cheap_Thrills_(Big_Brother_and_the_Holding_Company_album)" title="Cheap Thrills (Big Brother and the Holding Company album)">Cheap Thrills</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Music_Never_Stopped:_Roots_of_the_Grateful_Dead" title="The Music Never Stopped: Roots of the Grateful Dead">The Music Never Stopped: Roots of the Grateful Dead</a></i> (1995)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aline_Kominsky-Crumb" title="Aline Kominsky-Crumb">Aline Kominsky-Crumb (wife)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Crumb" title="Sophie Crumb">Sophie Crumb (daughter)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Crumb" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Crumb">Charles Crumb (brother)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxon_Crumb" title="Maxon Crumb">Maxon Crumb (brother)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collaborators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aline_Kominsky-Crumb" title="Aline Kominsky-Crumb">Aline Kominsky-Crumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Pekar" title="Harvey Pekar">Harvey Pekar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bukowski" title="Charles Bukowski">Charles Bukowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Zane_Mairowitz" title="David Zane Mairowitz">David Zane Mairowitz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Kurtzman" title="Harvey Kurtzman">Harvey Kurtzman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Bagge" title="Peter Bagge">Peter Bagge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Gelman" title="Woody Gelman">Woody Gelman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fritz_the_Cat_(film)" title="Fritz the Cat (film)">Fritz the Cat</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Comic_Book_Confidential" title="Comic Book Confidential">Comic Book Confidential</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crumb_(film)" title="Crumb (film)">Crumb</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Splendor_(film)" title="American Splendor (film)">American Splendor</a></i> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Underground_comix_cartoonists" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Underground_comix_cartoonists" title="Template:Underground comix cartoonists"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Underground_comix_cartoonists" title="Template talk:Underground comix cartoonists"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Underground_comix_cartoonists" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Underground comix cartoonists"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Underground_comix_cartoonists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Underground_comix" title="Underground comix">Underground comix</a> cartoonists</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Pirates" title="Air Pirates">Air Pirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Allen" title="Doug Allen">Doug Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Altergott" title="Rick Altergott">Rick Altergott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angeli_(cartoonist)" title="Angeli (cartoonist)">Angeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_Boy" title="Anonymous Boy">Anonymous Boy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Arlington" title="Gary Arlington">Gary Arlington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Armstrong_(cartoonist)" title="Robert Armstrong (cartoonist)">Robert Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ace_Backwords" title="Ace Backwords">Ace Backwords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Bagge" title="Peter Bagge">Peter Bagge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Barker_(cartoonist)" title="Edward Barker (cartoonist)">Edward Barker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bakshi" title="Ralph Bakshi">Ralph Bakshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_Beck" title="Joel Beck">Joel Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Village_Other#Comics" title="East Village Other">Bill Beckman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Blamire" title="Larry Blamire">Larry Blamire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Bod%C3%A9" title="Mark Bodé">Mark Bodé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaughn_Bod%C4%93" title="Vaughn Bodē">Vaughn Bodē</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theo_van_den_Boogaard" title="Theo van den Boogaard">Theo van den Boogaard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Bolland" title="Brian Bolland">Brian Bolland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Bram" title="Brian Bram">Brian Bram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Wrightson" title="Michele Wrightson">Michele Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Brand" title="Roger Brand">Roger Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chester_Brown" title="Chester Brown">Chester Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Brunetti" title="Ivan Brunetti">Ivan Brunetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Cabarga" title="Leslie Cabarga">Leslie Cabarga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Camper" title="Jennifer Camper">Jennifer Camper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyn_Chevli" title="Lyn Chevli">Lyn Chevli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guy_Colwell" title="Guy Colwell">Guy Colwell</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Crumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Cruse" title="Howard Cruse">Howard Cruse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dame_Darcy" title="Dame Darcy">Dame Darcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyd_Dangle" title="Lloyd Dangle">Lloyd Dangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_Day" title="Gene Day">Gene Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Deitch" title="Kim Deitch">Kim Deitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Diana" title="Mike Diana">Mike Diana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_DiCaprio" title="George DiCaprio">George DiCaprio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_DiMassa" title="Diane DiMassa">Diane DiMassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Dohler" title="Don Dohler">Don Dohler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julie_Doucet" title="Julie Doucet">Julie Doucet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Dury" title="Graham Dury">Graham Dury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Eichhorn" title="Dennis Eichhorn">Dennis Eichhorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunt_Emerson" title="Hunt Emerson">Hunt Emerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Farmer" title="Joyce Farmer">Joyce Farmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Fingerman" title="Bob Fingerman">Bob Fingerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Fleener" title="Mary Fleener">Mary Fleener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shary_Flenniken" title="Shary Flenniken">Shary Flenniken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Forney" title="Ellen Forney">Ellen Forney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Franklin_(artist)" title="Jim Franklin (artist)">Jim Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_French" title="Renée French">Renée French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Fuller_(cartoonist)" title="Larry Fuller (cartoonist)">Larry Fuller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Geiser" title="David Geiser">David Geiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evert_Geradts" title="Evert Geradts">Evert Geradts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melinda_Gebbie" title="Melinda Gebbie">Melinda Gebbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Giard" title="Luc Giard">Luc Giard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Gibbons" title="Dave Gibbons">Dave Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoebe_Gloeckner" title="Phoebe Gloeckner">Phoebe Gloeckner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grass_Green" title="Grass Green">Richard "Grass" Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Green_(cartoonist)" title="Justin Green (cartoonist)">Justin Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberta_Gregory" title="Roberta Gregory">Roberta Gregory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Griffin" title="Rick Griffin">Rick Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Griffith" title="Bill Griffith">Bill Griffith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Hallgren" title="Gary Hallgren">Gary Hallgren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Hama" title="Larry Hama">Larry Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drew_Hayes" title="Drew Hayes">Drew Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rory_Hayes" title="Rory Hayes">Rory Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Heatley" title="David Heatley">David Heatley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Hellman" title="Danny Hellman">Danny Hellman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Holmes" title="Rand Holmes">Rand Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Holmstrom" title="John Holmstrom">John Holmstrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hun_(cartoonist)" title="The Hun (cartoonist)">The Hun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Irons" title="Greg Irons">Greg Irons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaxon_(cartoonist)" title="Jaxon (cartoonist)">Jack Jackson (Jaxon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamagurka" title="Kamagurka">Kamagurka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaz_(cartoonist)" title="Kaz (cartoonist)">Kaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Kellerman" title="Martin Kellerman">Martin Kellerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Kinney" title="Jay Kinney">Jay Kinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kirby_(cartoonist)" title="Robert Kirby (cartoonist)">Robert Kirby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Kitchen" title="Denis Kitchen">Denis Kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aline_Kominsky-Crumb" title="Aline Kominsky-Crumb">Aline Kominsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krystine_Kryttre" title="Krystine Kryttre">Krystine Kryttre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_LaBan" title="Terry LaBan">Terry LaBan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Leib" title="Gary Leib">Gary Leib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_London" title="Bobby London">Bobby London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Loveday" title="Peter Loveday">Peter Loveday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Lynch" title="Jay Lynch">Jay Lynch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_Peck" class="mw-redirect" title="Mad Peck">Mad Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Marrs" title="Lee Marrs">Lee Marrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Matt" title="Joe Matt">Joe Matt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massimo_Mattioli" title="Massimo Mattioli">Massimo Mattioli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mavrides" title="Paul Mavrides">Paul Mavrides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Mendes" title="Barbara Mendes">Barbara Mendes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Christophe_Menu" title="Jean-Christophe Menu">Jean-Christophe Menu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Metzger" title="George Metzger">George Metzger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Mitchell_(cartoonist)" title="Jim Mitchell (cartoonist)">Jim Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Moscoso" title="Victor Moscoso">Victor Moscoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Murphy" title="Willy Murphy">Willy Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Newgarden" title="Mark Newgarden">Mark Newgarden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Noomin" title="Diane Noomin">Diane Noomin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ollswang" title="Paul Ollswang">Paul Ollswang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_O%27Neill" title="Dan O'Neill">Dan O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Panter" title="Gary Panter">Gary Panter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neon_Park" title="Neon Park">Neon Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Piskor" title="Ed Piskor">Ed Piskor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Pontiac" title="Peter Pontiac">Peter Pontiac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo_Poulsen" title="Milo Poulsen">Milo Poulsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Quagmire" title="Joshua Quagmire">Joshua Quagmire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Reese" title="Ralph Reese">Ralph Reese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Richards_(artist)" title="Ted Richards (artist)">Ted Richards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trina_Robbins" title="Trina Robbins">Trina Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain_Rodriguez" title="Spain Rodriguez">Spain Rodriguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Ryan" title="Johnny Ryan">Johnny Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Schenkman" title="Joe Schenkman">Joe Schenkman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Schrier" title="Fred Schrier">Fred Schrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dori_Seda" title="Dori Seda">Dori Seda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herr_Seele" title="Herr Seele">Herr Seele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Sharp" title="Martin Sharp">Martin Sharp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Shelton" title="Gilbert Shelton">Gilbert Shelton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Sheridan_(cartoonist)" title="Dave Sheridan (cartoonist)">Dave Sheridan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Smits" title="George Smits">George Smits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman">Art Spiegelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Stack" title="Frank Stack">Frank Stack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Steffan" title="Dan Steffan">Dan Steffan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhob_Stewart" title="Bhob Stewart">Bhob Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Stiles" title="Steve Stiles">Steve Stiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._O._Sylvester" title="T. O. Sylvester">T. O. Sylvester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Talbot" title="Bryan Talbot">Bryan Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Todd" title="Larry Todd">Larry Todd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Triptow" title="Robert Triptow">Robert Triptow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Vallen" title="Mark Vallen">Mark Vallen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzy_Varty" title="Suzy Varty">Suzy Varty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Veitch" title="Rick Veitch">Rick Veitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Veitch" title="Tom Veitch">Tom Veitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Vosburg" title="Mike Vosburg">Mike Vosburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Walthers" title="Bruce Walthers">Bruce Walthers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._Wartella" title="M. Wartella">M. Wartella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Weller" title="Michael J. Weller">Michael J. Weller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Welz" title="Larry Welz">Larry Welz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mack_White" title="Mack White">Mack White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._R._Williams_(comics)" title="J. R. Williams (comics)">J. R. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Williams_(artist)" title="Robert Williams (artist)">Robert Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skip_Williamson" title="Skip Williamson">Skip Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Clay_Wilson" title="S. Clay Wilson">S. Clay Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Wrightson" title="Michele Wrightson">Michele Wrightson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Crumb_family" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Crumb_family" title="Template:Crumb family"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Crumb_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Crumb family (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Crumb_family" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Crumb family"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Crumb_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Crumb family</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Crumb" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Crumb">Charles Crumb</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Crumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxon_Crumb" title="Maxon Crumb">Maxon Crumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aline_Kominsky-Crumb" title="Aline Kominsky-Crumb">Aline Kominsky-Crumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophie_Crumb" title="Sophie Crumb">Sophie Crumb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Inkpot_Award_(1980s)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1980s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1980s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Inkpot_Award_1980s" title="Template talk:Inkpot Award 1980s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Inkpot_Award_1980s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Inkpot Award 1980s"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Inkpot_Award_(1980s)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Inkpot_Award" title="Inkpot Award">Inkpot Award</a> (1980s)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Austin_(comics)" title="Terry Austin (comics)">Terry Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bishoff" title="Murray Bishoff">Murray Bishoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Boyette" title="Pat Boyette">Pat Boyette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Byrne_(comics)" title="John Byrne (comics)">John Byrne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada">National Film Board of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernie_Chan" title="Ernie Chan">Ernie Chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Claremont" title="Chris Claremont">Chris Claremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shary_Flenniken" title="Shary Flenniken">Shary Flenniken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Friedrich" title="Mike Friedrich">Mike Friedrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Geary" title="Rick Geary">Rick Geary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Glut" class="mw-redirect" title="Don Glut">Don Glut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Gross" class="mw-redirect" title="S. Gross">S. Gross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Hartley" title="Al Hartley">Al Hartley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Kliban" title="B. Kliban">B. Kliban</a></li> <li>Jerry Muller</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Orlando" title="Joe Orlando">Joe Orlando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Patten" title="Fred Patten">Fred Patten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Phelps" title="Don Phelps">Don Phelps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_and_Richard_Pini" title="Wendy and Richard Pini">Richard Pini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_and_Richard_Pini" title="Wendy and Richard Pini">Wendy Pini</a></li> <li>David Raskin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Shaw_(artist)" title="Scott Shaw (artist)">Scott Shaw!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Shooter" title="Jim Shooter">Jim Shooter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stanley_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Stanley (comics)">John Stanley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._K._Taylor" title="B. K. Taylor">B. K. Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osamu_Tezuka" title="Osamu Tezuka">Osamu Tezuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_West" title="Adam West">Adam West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wally_Wood" title="Wally Wood">Wally Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1981</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Bails" title="Jerry Bails">Jerry Bails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._B._Cole" title="L. B. Cole">L. B. Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Fitzpatrick_(artist)" title="Jim Fitzpatrick (artist)">Jim Fitzpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Giordano" title="Dick Giordano">Dick Giordano</a></li> <li>Dave Graue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gulacy" title="Paul Gulacy">Paul Gulacy</a></li> <li>Mary Henderson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Hubenthal" title="Karl Hubenthal">Karl Hubenthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bil_Keane" title="Bil Keane">Bil Keane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Miller" title="Frank Miller">Frank Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Moench" title="Doug Moench">Doug Moench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_Punch" title="Monkey Punch">Monkey Punch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_O%27Neil" title="Dennis O'Neil">Dennis O'Neil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Owens" title="Gary Owens">Gary Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rockwell" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Rockwell">Richard Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Saunders" title="Allen Saunders">Allen Saunders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Schwartz" title="Julius Schwartz">Julius Schwartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Sekowsky" title="Mike Sekowsky">Mike Sekowsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Sienkiewicz" title="Bill Sienkiewicz">Bill Sienkiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Sim" title="Dave Sim">Dave Sim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Toth" title="Alex Toth">Alex Toth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrie_Turner" title="Morrie Turner">Morrie Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Woggon" title="Bill Woggon">Bill Woggon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1982</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Bindig" title="Bob Bindig">Bob Bindig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Bolland" title="Brian Bolland">Brian Bolland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russ_Cochran_(publisher)" title="Russ Cochran (publisher)">Russ Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cockrum" class="mw-redirect" title="David Cockrum">David Cockrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Allan_Collins" title="Max Allan Collins">Max Allan Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Craig" title="Chase Craig">Chase Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archie_Goodwin_(comics)" title="Archie Goodwin (comics)">Archie Goodwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Grell" title="Mike Grell">Mike Grell</a></li> <li>Bruce Hamilton</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Katz_(artist)" title="Jack Katz (artist)">Jack Katz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Kazanjian" title="Howard Kazanjian">Howard Kazanjian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hank_Ketcham" title="Hank Ketcham">Hank Ketcham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Koenig" title="Walter Koenig">Walter Koenig</a></li> <li>Richard Kyle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Marrs" title="Lee Marrs">Lee Marrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Marshall_(filmmaker)" title="Frank Marshall (filmmaker)">Frank Marshall</a></li> <li>John Pound</li> <li>Tony Raiola</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Starr" title="Leonard Starr">Leonard Starr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Williams_(artist)" title="Robert Williams (artist)">Robert Williams</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1983</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Adams" title="Douglas Adams">Douglas Adams</a></li> <li>Maeheah Alzmann</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Aparo" title="Jim Aparo">Jim Aparo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Bluth" title="Don Bluth">Don Bluth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floyd_Gottfredson" title="Floyd Gottfredson">Floyd Gottfredson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Maurer" title="Norman Maurer">Norman Maurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_P%C3%A9rez" title="George Pérez">George Pérez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arn_Saba" class="mw-redirect" title="Arn Saba">Arn Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Spiegle" title="Dan Spiegle">Dan Spiegle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Staton" title="Joe Staton">Joe Staton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Van_Hise" title="James Van Hise">James Van Hise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Yronwode" class="mw-redirect" title="Cat Yronwode">Cat Yronwode</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1984</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murphy_Anderson" title="Murphy Anderson">Murphy Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rom%C3%A1n_Ar%C3%A1mbula" title="Román Arámbula">Román Arámbula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Bear" title="Greg Bear">Greg Bear</a></li> <li>Fae Gates Desmond</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stan_Drake" title="Stan Drake">Stan Drake</a></li> <li>John Field</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Hoberg" title="Rick Hoberg">Rick Hoberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Jein" title="Greg Jein">Greg Jein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ollie_Johnston" title="Ollie Johnston">Ollie Johnston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brant_Parker" title="Brant Parker">Brant Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Shayne" title="Robert Shayne">Robert Shayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curt_Swan" title="Curt Swan">Curt Swan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Thomas_(animator)" title="Frank Thomas (animator)">Frank Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Valentino" title="Jim Valentino">Jim Valentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Williamson" title="Al Williamson">Al Williamson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1985</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brent_Anderson_(comics)" title="Brent Anderson (comics)">Brent Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Bova" title="Ben Bova">Ben Bova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Brin" title="David Brin">David Brin</a></li> <li>Jack Cummings</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Davis_(cartoonist)" title="Jack Davis (cartoonist)">Jack Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Moore" title="Alan Moore">Alan Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_O%27Bannon" title="Dan O'Bannon">Dan O'Bannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Orzechowski" title="Tom Orzechowski">Tom Orzechowski</a></li> <li>John Rogers</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Schomburg" title="Alex Schomburg">Alex Schomburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Simonson" title="Walt Simonson">Walt Simonson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poul_Anderson" title="Poul Anderson">Poul Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marion_Zimmer_Bradley" title="Marion Zimmer Bradley">Marion Zimmer Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Gibbons" title="Dave Gibbons">Dave Gibbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Giraud" title="Jean Giraud">Jean "Moebius" Giraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Hernandez" title="Gilbert Hernandez">Gilbert Hernandez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaime_Hernandez" title="Jaime Hernandez">Jaime Hernandez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Kitchen" title="Denis Kitchen">Denis Kitchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Leialoha" title="Steve Leialoha">Steve Leialoha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marty_Nodell" class="mw-redirect" title="Marty Nodell">Marty Nodell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Pekar" title="Harvey Pekar">Harvey Pekar</a></li> <li>Mark Stadler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Stevens" title="Dave Stevens">Dave Stevens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1987</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Ditko" title="Steve Ditko">Steve Ditko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlan_Ellison" title="Harlan Ellison">Harlan Ellison</a></li> <li>Larry Geeck</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_Kimball" title="Ward Kimball">Ward Kimball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deni_Loubert" title="Deni Loubert">Deni Loubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Messner-Loebs" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Messner-Loebs">Bill Messner-Loebs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Peters_(cartoonist)" title="Mike Peters (cartoonist)">Mike Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Schanes" title="Bill Schanes">Bill Schanes</a></li> <li>Steve Schanes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Silverberg" title="Robert Silverberg">Robert Silverberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_Spiegelman" title="Art Spiegelman">Art Spiegelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Wrightson" title="Bernie Wrightson">Bernie Wrightson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ray_Zone" title="Ray Zone">Ray Zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Frank Alison</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Asprin" title="Robert Asprin">Robert Asprin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Baron" title="Mike Baron">Mike Baron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynda_Barry" title="Lynda Barry">Lynda Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bolton_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Bolton (comics)">John Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Feiffer" title="Jules Feiffer">Jules Feiffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_E._Feist" title="Raymond E. Feist">Raymond E. Feist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Groening" title="Matt Groening">Matt Groening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Groth" title="Gary Groth">Gary Groth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_R._R._Martin" title="George R. R. Martin">George R. R. Martin</a></li> <li>Mike Pasqua</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Rude" title="Steve Rude">Steve Rude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Severin" title="Marie Severin">Marie Severin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Wagner" title="Matt Wagner">Matt Wagner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1989</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Alf" title="Richard Alf">Richard Alf</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Robert Crumb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Cruse" title="Howard Cruse">Howard Cruse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Eastman" title="Kevin Eastman">Kevin Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Falk" title="Lee Falk">Lee Falk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Goulart" title="Ron Goulart">Ron Goulart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walt_Kelly" title="Walt Kelly">Walt Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Laird" title="Peter Laird">Peter Laird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syd_Mead" title="Syd Mead">Syd Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Norton" title="Andre Norton">Andre Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Robinson" title="Jerry Robinson">Jerry Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Schutz" title="Diana Schutz">Diana Schutz</a></li> <li>Janet Tait</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Turner_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ron Turner (artist)">Ron Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gahan_Wilson" title="Gahan Wilson">Gahan Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inkpot_Award" title="Inkpot Award">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1970s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1970s">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1980s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_1990s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_2000s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Inkpot_Award_2010s" title="Template:Inkpot Award 2010s">2010s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q435278#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q435278#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q435278#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000118387213">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/36916818">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/5416/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtxjWvhJVYgdttPrFqYT3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11946473X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50017168">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11898249c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11898249c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00436964">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Crumb, Robert"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV126389">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35032469">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0011970&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX860616">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/919276">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p070338418">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90893416">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000268198&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=92535">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC199701079">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810593078705606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007260109305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000041597">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058514046406706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14274801">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA08853652?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500117024">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/aff8052f-be9e-4aca-b106-eb07783b650e">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/262705">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/6813">Museum of Modern Art</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/805128">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd11946473X.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/11946473X">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02680655X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6pq5g0z">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&oldid=1249986424">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert_Crumb&oldid=1249986424</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1943_births" title="Category:1943 births">1943 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Living_people" title="Category:Living people">Living people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_artists" title="Category:20th-century American artists">20th-century American artists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:21st-century_American_artists" title="Category:21st-century American artists">21st-century American artists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_novelists" title="Category:20th-century American novelists">20th-century 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